Pre-Lecture Reading Assignment

Biology Unit
Perak Matriculation College

6.1
6.2

PRE-LECTURE READING ASSIGNMENT

CHAPTER 6.0 : EXPRESSION OF BIOLOGICAL INFORMATION
DNA and Genetic Information
DNA Replication

Learning Outcomes
When you have completed the exercise in this chapter you will have accomplished the following
objectives:
a. Explain DNA as the carrier of genetic information.
b. Explain the concept of one gene one polypeptide.
c. Describe semi-conservative replication of DNA.
Directions: Use your notes and reference books to answer the following questions.

Before You Read

Use the What I Know column to list three things you know about above topic. Then list
three questions you have about above topic in the What I Want to Find Out column.
K
W
What I know
What I want to find out
1. ____________________________________ 1. ____________________________________
2. ____________________________________ 2. ____________________________________
3. ____________________________________ 3. ____________________________________
4. ____________________________________ 4. ____________________________________
5. ____________________________________ 1. ____________________________________
6. ____________________________________ 2. ____________________________________
7. ___________________________________

3. ____________________________________

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Pre-Lecture Reading Assignment

Biology Unit
Perak Matriculation College

QUESTIONS
Discovery of DNA
1. Describe Frederick Griffith experiment with two strains of bacteria in detail. Use the below
diagram to help. (Campbell. Biology 9th edition. Pearson.page 352)

RESULTS:

2. What did Frederick Griffith want to learn about bacteria?

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Pre-Lecture Reading Assignment

Biology Unit
Perak Matriculation College

3. Name the bacteria used by F. Griffith in his experiments.

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4. The strain of bacteria that caused pneumonia grew into _________________ colonies on
culture plates: harmless bacteria produced colonies with _________________ edges.
5. What is transformation?
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6. What hypothesis did Griffith form from the results of his experiments?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
7. Briefly describe how Avery and his group determined which molecule was most important
for transformation.
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8. Transformation did not occur when _____________________ was destroyed.
9. What was the conclusion from Averys experiments?
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10. What is a bacteriophage?
____________________________________________________________________
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11. What happens when a bacteriophage infects a bacterial cell?
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Pre-Lecture Reading Assignment

Biology Unit
Perak Matriculation College

12. How would Hershey and Chase learn whether genes were made of protein or DNA?
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13. What results did Hershey and Chase observe?
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14. Hershey and Chase concluded that the genetic material of the bacteriophage was ______
____________________________________________________________________
15. Name type of mold used by Beadle and Tatum?
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16. What was a Beadle and Tatums final hypothesis?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
17. What is the structure of a DNA molecule?
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18. What is the shape of the DNA molecule?
____________________________________________________________________
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19. What are the four nucleotide bases found in DNA?
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Pre-Lecture Reading Assignment

Biology Unit
Perak Matriculation College

20. Complete the following sentences :

a. A DNA molecule is made up of _ _ ___________ DNA strands wound together to form a
_ _ _ _ _________ _ _ structure.
b. The DNA strands are held together by weak _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ bonds.
c. Nucleotide bases only pair up with its complement, Adenine only interacts with
________, and Cytosine only pair with _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
d. Each DNA strand is made up of sub-units called, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, and each of these
subunits are made up of a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ group, a _ _ _ _ _ _ sugar, and a _ _ _ _.
e. A gene is a length of DNA of specific _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ sequence, which can be
transcribed and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ into _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
f.

A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ is a DNA molecule that contains many genes and bound proteins.

21. Identify the components of a nucleotide in the diagram below. Label the bases as purines or
pyrimidines.

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Pre-Lecture Reading Assignment

Biology Unit
Perak Matriculation College

22. Review the structure of DNA by labeling these diagrams. Include nucleotide, polynucleotide,
sugar (deoxyribose), phosphate group, sugar-phosphate backbone, pyrimidine bases, purine
bases, thymine (T), adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), hydrogen bond, complementary
base pair, and double helix.

23. What is meant by the term that DNA replication is semi-conservative?

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24. State the other models of DNA replication.
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Pre-Lecture Reading Assignment

Biology Unit
Perak Matriculation College

25. How was it shown that DNA replication is Semi-Conservative? (Hint: Experiment)
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____________________________________________________________________
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26. List the functions of the following enzymes and protein:
a. DNA helicase.
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b. DNA Gyrase
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c. Single stranded binding protein
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d. Topoisomerase
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e. Primase
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f.

DNA Polymerase I
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g. DNA Polymerase III

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h. DNA Ligase
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Pre-Lecture Reading Assignment

Biology Unit
Perak Matriculation College

27. Identify and label the diagram below.(Campbell.Biology 9th .Figure 16.13.page 360)

28. Define the following terms:

a. Leading strands
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b. Lagging strands
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c.

Okazaki fragments

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Pre-Lecture Reading Assignment

Biology Unit
Perak Matriculation College

29. Figure below shows synthesis of the leading strand during DNA replication. Identify and describe the process.

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Pre-Lecture Reading Assignment

Biology Unit
Perak Matriculation College

30. Figure below shows synthesis of the lagging strand during DNA replication. Identify and
describe the process. (Campbell. Biology 9th edition.Figure 16.16.page 362)

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Pre-Lecture Reading Assignment

Biology Unit
Perak Matriculation College

31. Figure below shows synthesis of DNA strand during DNA replication. Identify and describe the process.

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Pre-Lecture Reading Assignment

Biology Unit
Perak Matriculation College

EXPRESSION OF BIOLOGICAL INFORMATION

CHAPTER WARP-UP

In the What I Wanted to Find Out column, copy the questions you listed in the Chapter
Preview. In the What I Learned column, write down the answers you discovered as you
worked through the chapter.

W
What I want to find out

L
What I have learned

1. _______________________________

1. _______________________________

2. _______________________________

2. _______________________________

3. _______________________________
4. _______________________________
5. _______________________________
6. _______________________________
7. _______________________________
8. ______________________________

3. _______________________________
4. _______________________________
5. _______________________________
6. _______________________________
7. _______________________________
8. _______________________________

SUMMARIZE
After reading this chapter list FIVE things you have
learned.

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