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IMMEDIATE RESPONSE

The newly constituted Immediate Response Team plans to tell the story of the events on 9/11 in a three-
part monograph. Part One will narrate the events of that day in an integrated fashion, juxtaposing the
real-time responses of the various individuals and agencies with the developments on the hijacked
flights in an effort simply to tell the story of the immediate response to the attacks. It will be a
straightforward factual account of 9/11, as Team 8 is able to reconstruct the day. It will be accompanied
with a graphic presentation of the comprehensive 9/11 timeline. Part Two will evaluate the performance
of individual agencies, entities and leaders in responding to the attacks and in interacting with each
other. Part Three will mine from the hard experience of 9/11 specific policy recommendations that, if
adopted, will enable the United States to respond more effectively in the event of a future attack.

Because many of the critical decisions and developments of the day (e.g., the decision to order a shoot
down; the decision to close the financial markets) remain uncorrelated to precise time frames, the outline
set forth below is necessarily preliminary, and subject to organizational and substantive refinement
based on the results of Team 8's investigation.

I. Integrated narrative/Timeline -

A. AA 11 - First hijacking

1. FAA loses contact with the flight; FAA response, communications with other flights (including UA
175), agencies

2. Cell phone communications

3. Response upon impact

a. NY

1. Within the buildings; PA and tenants

2. First responders: FDNY; NYPD: OEM, EMS

b. Federal response/critical decision making

1. President/Vice President/White House personnel

2. FAA/DOT

3. NORAD/DOD

4. Others if relevant, e.g., WHMO, Secret Service

B. UA 175 — Second hijacking

1. FAA communications with the plane; loss of contact; response

2. Cell phone communications

3. Response upon impact

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a. NY

1. Within the buildings; PA and tenants

2. First responders: FDNY, NYPD, OEM, EMS

b. Federal response/critical decision making

1. President/Vice President/WH personnel

2. FAA/DOT

3. NORAD/DOD

4 Other

C. The Twin Towers Collapse: Response

a. Building tenants

b. PA

c. FDNY

d.NYPD

e. Federal first responders: FEMA; FBI

f. OEM

g. Mayor's office

D. AA 77: The Third Hijacking

1. FAA loses contact with AA 77; response

2. Cell phone communications

3. Response upon impact

a. The Pentagon

1. Within the building

2. First responders: Arlington County Police, Fire

3. Federal first responders: FBI, ATF

b. Federal response/ critical decision making

1. President/Vice President/WH personnel

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2. FAA

3. NORAD/DOD

4. Other

E. UA 93: The Fourth Hijacking

1. FAA loss of contact

2. Cell phone communications

3. Response upon impact

a. In PA: Local first response

b. Federal response/critical decision making

1. President/VP/WH personnel

2. FAA/DOT

3. NORAD/DOD

4. Other

F. The Remains of the Day: Emergency Response on 9/11 After the Attacks

1. Critical national decision making

a. President/VP/WH personnel

b. FAA/DOT

c. NORAD/DOD

d. Other

2. The New York response

a. FDNY

b. NYPD

c. OEM/Mayor's office

d. Federal first responders: FBI, ATF, FEMA

3. The Pentagon

a. Arlington County FD, PD

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b. Federal first responders: FBI, ATF

G. Recovery and Initial Lessons Learned: From 9/11 to 9/20

1. The progress of recovery in NY

2. The progress of recovery at the Pentagon

3. Federal Lessons Learned: Homeland Security Czar, Patriot Act

H. Continuity of Government/Operations/Business Issues

II. Agency/Entity Emergency Response Performance: A Critical Reappraisal

A. Federal

1. President/VP/WH personnel

2. FAA/DOT

3. NORAD/DOD

4. Secret Service

B. New York

l.FDNY

2. NYPD

3. OEM

4. Mayor's office

5. Federal first responders: FBI, ATF, FEMA

C. The Pentagon

1. Arlington County FD

2. Arlington County PD

3. Federal first responders: FBI, ATF

III. Lessons Learned and Best Practices

A. Best Practices for Emergency Response

1. Unified command structure

2. Interoperable communications

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3. Evacuation procedures: state of the art

B. The persistence of bureaucracy

1. Turf wars: FAA/DOD; NYPD/FDNY; FBI/ATF

2. Potential solutions

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