Aim : To determine the melting point and freezing point

Apparatus : Boiling tube , 250 cm beaker , stirring thermometer , tripod stand , retort stand and clamp , bunsen burner , stopwatch , conical flask , wire gauze
Materials : Naphtalene , C H , tap water Method :

Heating of Naphthalene , Naphthalene , C H is highly flammable . Therefore , this substance cannot be heated directly with a Bunsen burner .

1-The boiling tube is suspended in a beaker half filled with water.The level of naphthalene ( ) in the boiling tube is below the level of water in the beaker . 2-The water is slowly heated until the temperature reaches 60 C .The naphthalene ( ) is stirred slowly with the thermometer. 3-The temperature and the states of the naphthalene ( ) at 30 second intervals are recorded until the temperature of naphthalene ( ) reaches 90 C 4-The boiling tube is removed from the water bath.The outer surface of the boiling tube is dried and is quickly put into a conical flask.The naphthalene ( ) is stirred continuosly. 5-The temperature and the states of the naphthalene ( ) at 30 second intervals are recorded until the temperature of naphthalene ( ) drops to 60 C 6-The results are recorded in a table.

Cooling of Naphthalene ,

1-The boiling tube in activity A was removed from the water bath .The surface of the boiling tube was dry and immediately put it into a conical flask. The naphthalene C H was stir continuously . 2-The temperature and states of the naphthalene , C H was recorded at half minute intervals until the temperature drops to about 60 C

Results :A - Heating of Naphthalene , 0.0 Time (min) 61 65 67 71 74 76 79 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 89 89 Temperature State solid solid solid solid solid solid solid solid solid solid solid solid solid liquid liquid liquid 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5

7.5

64

solid solid solid solid solid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid

7.0

6.5

6.0

5.5

5.0

4.5

4.0

3.5

3.0

2.5

2.0

B- Cooling of Naphthalene

1.5

1.0

0.5

84

83

81

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

76

69

66

0.0

Time (min)

87

liquid Temperature State

Graph :-

Discussions :-

1-Why was a water bath used to heat naphthalene , C H ? -To ensure that the naphtalene is heated evenly

2-During the cooling of naphthalene , C H , explain why a-The boiling tube must be placed in a conical flask To ensure an even cooling and to minimize heat last to surrounding b-the naphthalene , C H must be stirred continuously b) To avoid super cooling

3-From your graph , deduce the melting and freezing point of naphthalene , C H The melting and freezing point of naphtalene C H is 80 c

4-Explain why the temperature remains constant for some time in both heating and cooling

curves ,
In the curve of naphtalene , the heat energy absorbed by the particles is used to overcome the force between the particles so that solid can turn into liquid . In cooling curve at naphtalene , the heat loss to the surrounding is balanced by heat energy liberated as the particle .

Conclusion :The melting and freezing point of naphtalene , C H is 80 c