27.

1: a) F b) F

) qv B( 1.24 10 8 C)( 3.85 104 m s )(1.40T)( j i . F (6.68 10 4 N)k qv B ) (4.19 104 m s)(i k )] F ( 1.24 10 8 C)(1.40T)[( 3.85 104 m s )( j k (7.27 10 4 N) F (6.68 10 4 N) i j.

27.2: Need a force from the magnetic field to balance the downward gravitational force. Its magnitude is:

qvB mg

mg qv

(1.95 10 4 kg)(9.80 m s 2 ) 1.91 T. (2.50 10 8 C)(4.00 104 m s )

The right-hand rule requires the magnetic field to be to the east, since the velocity is northward, the charge is negative, and the force is upwards.
27.3: By the right-hand rule, the charge is positive.

27.4:

ma

qv B m 8 ) (1.22 10 C)(3.0 104 m s )(1.63T)( j i 3 1.81 10 kg qv B a

. (0.330 m s 2 )k

27.5: See figure on next page. Let F0

qvB, then: F0 in the

Fa

Fb Fc

Fd
Fe

F0 in the 0, since B and velocity are parallel F sin 45o in the j direction
0

direction k j direction

F0 in the

) direction ( j k

27.6: a) The smallest possible acceleration is zero, when the motion is parallel to the magnetic field. The greatest acceleration is when the velocity and magnetic field are at right angles:

qvB (1.6 10 19 C)(2.50 106 m s )(7.4 10 2 T) 3.25 1016 m s 2 . 31 m (9.11 10 kg) 1 qvB sin b) If a (3.25 1016 m s2 ) sin 0.25 14.5. 4 m a
27.7:

q v B sin

F q B sin

4.60 10 15 N (1.6 10-19 C)(3.5 10 3 T) sin 60

9.49 106 m s .

27.8: a) F

k ) v y ( ) vz (k k )] qBz [vx ( )]. qv B qBz [vx (i j k j) v y (i

Set this equal to the given value of F to obtain:

vx vy

Fy (7.40 10 7 N) 106 m s qBz ( 5.60 10 9 C)( 1.25 T) Fx (3.40 10 7 N) 48.6 m s . qBz ( 5.60 10 9 C)( 1.25 T)

b) The value of vz is indeterminate. c) v F

vx Fx

v y Fy

vz Fz

Fy F qBz x

Fx F qBz y

0;

90.

27.9:

F
Fx

qv

B, v vy j with vy

3.80 103 m s
5.20 10 3 N
0.256 T

7.60 10 3 N, Fy

0, and Fz

Fx
Bz

q(v y Bz
Fx qvy

vz By ) qvy Bz
(7.60 10 3 N) ([7.80 10 6 C)( 3.80 103 m s )]

Fy Fz Bx

q(vz Bx

vx Bz ) 0, which is consistent with F as given in the problem. No

force component along the direction of the velocity.

q(vx By vy Bx ) qvy Bx Fz qvy 0.175 T

b) By is not determined. No force due to this component of B along v; measurement of the force tells us nothing about By . c) B F

Bx Fx

By Fy

Bz Fz

( 0.175 T)( 7.60 10 3 N)

( 0.256 T)( 5.20 10 3 N)

B F 0; B and F are perpendicular (angle is 90 )

27.10: a) The total flux must be zero, so the flux through the remaining surfaces must be 0.120 Wb. b) The shape of the surface is unimportant, just that it is closed. c)

27.11: a) b) c)
B

B A (0.230 T)(0.065m)2 A.

3.05 10 3 Wb.

B A (0.230 T)(0.065m)2 cos 53.1

1.83 10 3 Wb.

0 since B

27.12: a) b) c)
B

(abcd)

B A 0.

(befc)

B A

(aefd)

(0.128T)(0.300 m)(0.300 m) 0.0115 Wb. 3 B A BAcos (0.128 T)(0.500m)(0.300m) 0.0115 Wb. 5

d) The net flux through the rest of the surfaces is zero since they are parallel to the xaxis so the total flux is the sum of all parts above, which is zero.

y 2 )] j and we can calculate the flux through each surface. Note that 27.13: a) B [( there is no flux through any surfaces parallel to the y-axis. Thus, the total flux through the closed surface is:
B

(abe)

B A ([ (0.300 T 0)] [0.300T (2.00 T/m2 )(0.300 m)2 ]) 1 (0.400 m)(0.300m) 2 0.0108 Wb.

b) The students claim is implausible since it would require the existence of a magnetic monopole to result in a net non-zero flux through the closed surface.

27.14: a) p

RqB RqB (4.68 10 3 m)(6.4 10 19 C)(1.65T) m 4.94 10 21 kg m s . b) L Rp R2 qB (4.68 10 3 m)2 (6.4 10 19 C)(1.65T) 2.31 10 23 kg m2 s . mv m

27.15: a) B

mv qR

(9.11 10 31 kg)(1.41 106 m s ) 1.61 10 4 T. 19 (1.60 10 C)(0.0500 m)

The direction of the magnetic field is into the page (the charge is negative). b) The time to complete half a circle is just the distance traveled divided by the velocity:

D v

R v

(0.0500 m) 1.11 10 7 s. 6 1.41 10 m s

27.16: a) B

mv qR

(1.67 10 27 kg)(1.41 106 m s) (1.60 10 19 C)(0.0500m)

0.294 T

The direction of the magnetic field is out of the page (the charge is positive). b) The time to complete half a circle is unchanged:

t 1.11 10 7 s.

27.17: K1

U1

K2 U 2
1 2 mv 2 ke2 r
27

U1 K2 0, so K1 U2 ;
v e
b)

2k mr

(1.602 10 19 C)

(3.34 10

2k 1.2 107 m s 15 kg)(1.0 10 m)

F
mv qr

ma gives qvB mv2 r

(3.34 10 27 kg)(1.2 107 m/s) 0.10 T (1.602 10 19 C)(2.50m)

27.18: a) F

qvB sin F 0.00320 10 9 N B qv sin 8(1.60 10 19 C)(500,000 m s ) sin 90 B 5.00 T.If the angle is less than 90 , a larger field is needed to produce the

same force. The direction of the field must be toward the south so that v B can be downward. b) F qvB sin

F 4.60 10 12 N qB sin (1.60 10 19 C)(2.10T) sin 90 v 1.37 107 m s . If is less than 90 , the speed would have to be larger to have the

same force. The force is upward, so v B must be downward since the electron is negative, so the velocity must be toward the south.

27.19: q

(4.00 108 )( 1.602 10 19 C) 6.408 10 11 C 2 mgy; v 2gy 49.5 m/s speed at bottom of shaft: 1 2 mv

v is downward and B is west, so v B is north. Since q 0, F is south. F qvB sin (6.408 10 11 C)(49.5m s )(0.250T) sin 90 7.93 10 10 N

27.20: (a)

R
v

v Since v
negative. b) Fgrav

mv qB qBR 3(1.60 10 19 C)(0.250T)(0.950 2 m) 27 m 12(1.67 10 kg) 6 2.84 10 m s B is to the left but the charges are bent to the right, they must be

mg 12(1.67 10 27 kg)(9.80m s 2 ) 1.96 10 25 N

Fmagnetic qvB 3(1.6 10 19 C)(2.84 106 m s )(0.250T)

3.41 10 13 N Since Fmagn 1012 Fgrav, we can safely neglect gravity.

c) The speed does not change since the magnetic force is perpendicular to the velocity and therefore does not do work on the particles.

27.21: a) v b) t c)

qRB m R v qV
mv qB

D v

1 2 mv 2

(1.60 10 19 C)(6.96 10 3 m)(2.50T) 8.34 105 m s . 27 (3.34 10 kg) (6.96 10 3m) 2.62 10 8 s. 5 8.34 10 m s mv2 (3.34 10 27 kg)(8.34 105 m s) 2 V 7260 V. 2q 2(1.60 10 19 C)

27.22: R

(9.11 10 31 kg)(2.8 106 m s) 1.82 10 4 m. 19 (1.60 10 C)(0.0877T)

27.23: a) B

m2f q

(9.11 10 31 kg)2(3.00 1012 Hz) 107 T. (1.60 10 19 C)

This is about 2.4 times the greatest magnitude yet obtained on earth. b) Protons have a greater mass than the electrons, so a greater magnetic field would be required to accelerate them with the same frequency, so there would be no advantage in using them.

27.24: The initial velocity is all in the y-direction, and we want the pitch to equal the radius of curvature

dx
But

vxT

mvy qB

R.

2m . qB 2mvx mvy qB qB

vy vx

tan

81.0.

27.25: a) The radius of the path is unaffected, but the pitch of the helix varies with time as the proton is accelerated in the x-direction. b) T

2 ax F m

2m qB

2(1.67 10 27 kg) 1.31 10 7 s, t T 2, and 19 (1.60 10 C)(0.500T) qE (1.6 10 19 C)(2.00 104 V m) 1.92 1012 m s 2 . 27 m 1.67 10 kg

dx

v0 x t
dx

1 2 ax t (1.5 105 m s)(6.56 10 8 s) 2 0.014 m.

(1.92 1012 m s 2 )(6.56 10 8 s)2 2

27.26:

1 2 mv 2
R

qV
mv qB

2qV m

2(1.6 10 19 C)(220 V) (1.16 10 26 kg)

7.79 104 m s .

(1.16 10 26 kg)(7.79 104 m s) (1.60 10 19 C)(0.723T)

7.81 10 3 m.

27.27:

1 2 mv 2

q V

2q V m

2(1.6 10 19 C) (2.0 103 V) (9.11 10 31 kg)

2.65 107 m s . mv (9.11 10 31 kg)(2.65 107 m s ) B qR (1.60 10 19 C)(0.180m)

27.28: a) v b)

8.38 10 4 T.

E B (1.56 104 V m ) (4.62 10 3 T) 3.38 106 m s .

c) R

(9.11 10 31 kg)(3.38 106 m s) (1.60 10 19 C)(4.62 10 3 T) R 4.17 10 3 m. 2 m 2 R 2 (4.17 10 3 m) T 7.74 10 9 s. qB v (3.38 106 m s ) mv qB

27.29: a) FB FE so q vB q E; B Forces balance for either sign of q. b) E V d so v E B V dB smallest v : largest V , smallest B, vmin largest v : smallest V , largest B, vmin

E v 0.10T

120 V 2.1 104 m s (0.0325 m)(0.180 T) 560 V 3.2 105 m s (0.0325m)(0.054T)

27.30: To pass undeflected in both cases, E

vB (5.85 103 m s)(1.35T) 7898 N C. )) i , a) If q 0.640 10 9 C, the electric field direction is given by ( j ( k

since it must point in the opposite direction to the magnetic force. )) i , 0.320 10 9 C, the electric field direction is given by (( b) If q j) ( k since it must point in the same direction as the magnetic force, which has swapped from part (a). The electric force will now point opposite to the magnetic force for this negative charge using F e q E.

27.31: R

mv mE m qB qB2 1.29 10 25 kg m(amu)

RqB2 E

(0.310 m)(1.60 10 19 C)(0.540 T) 2 (1.12 105 V m)

1.29 10 25 kg 78 atomic mass units. 1.66 10 27 kg 27.32: a) E vB (1.82 106 m s)(0.650 T) 1.18 106 V m. b) E V d V Ed (1.18 106 V m)(5.20 10 3 m) 6.14 kV.

27.33: a) For minimum magnitude, the angle should be adjusted so that ( B) is parallel to the ground, thus perpendicular to the current. To counter gravity, ILB mg, so

mg IL

b) We want the magnetic force to point up. With a northward current, a westward B field will accomplish this.

27.34: a) F Ilb (1.20 A) (0.0100 m) (0.588 T) 7.06 10 3 N, and by the righthand rule, the easterly magnetic field results in a southerly force. b) If the field is southerly, then the force is to the west, and of the same magnitude as part (a), F 7.06 10 3 N. c) If the field is 30 south of west, the force is 30 west of north ( 90 counterclockwise from the field) and still of the same magnitude, F 7.60 10 6 N.

27.35: I

F lB

0.13 N 9.7 A. (0.200 m) (0.067 T)

27.36: F

IlB (10.8A)(0.050m)(0.550T) 0.297 N.

27.37: The wire lies on the x-axis and the force on 1 cm of it is a) F b) F c) F d) F e) F

Il Il Il Il Il

B ( 3.50 A)(0.010m)( 0.65 T)(i

j)

. (0.023 N) k (0.020 N) j.

k ) B ( 3.50 A)(0.010m)( 0.56 T)(i i ) 0. B ( 3.50 A)(0.010m)( 0.31T)(i

k ) ( 9.8 10 3 N) B ( 3.50 A)(0.010m)( 0.28 T)(i j. k )] j) 0.36 T (i

B ( 3.50 A)(0.010m)[0.74T (i (0.013N) (0.026 N)k j.

27.38:

Il

Between the poles of the magnet, the magnetic field points to the right. Using the fingertips of your right hand, rotate the current vector by 90 into the direction of the magnetic field vector. Your thumb points downwardwhich is the direction of the magnetic force.
27.39: a) FI

mg when bar is just ready to levitate.

32.67 A

mg (0.750 kg)(9.80m s 2 ) IlB mg, I lB (0.500 m)(0.450T) IR (32.67 A)(25.0 ) 817 V

b) R

FI

2.0 , I IlB 92 N

R (816.7 V) (2.0 ) 408 A

a ( FI

mg) a 113 m s 2

27.40: (a) The magnetic force on the bar must be upward so the current through it must be to the right. Therefore a must be the positive terminal. (b) For balance, Fmagn mg

IlB sin mg IlB sin m g I R 175 V 5.00

35.0 A

(35.0 A)(0.600m)(1.50T) 3.21kg 9.80 m s 2

27.41: a) The force on the straight section along the x-axis is zero. For the half of the semicircle at negative x the force is out of the page. For the half of the semicircle at positive x the force is into the page. The net force on the semicircular section is zero. The force on the straight section that is perpendicular to the plane of the figure is in the y-direction and has magnitude F ILB. The total magnetic force on the conductor is ILB, in the y -direction. b) If the semicircular section is replaced by a straight section along the x -axis, then the magnetic force on that straight section would be zero, the same as it is for the semicircle.

27.42: a)

b) c) Maximum torque will occur when the area is largest, which means a circle:

IBA (6.2 A)(0.19 T)(0.050m)(0.080m) 4.71 10 3 N m. IA (6.2 A)(0.050m)(0.080m) 0.025 A m2 .

2R 2(0.050 m 0.080 m)
max

R 0.041m. 6.22 10 3 N m.

IBA (6.2 A)(0.19 T)(0.04041 m)2

27.43: a) The torque is maximum when the plane of loop is parallel to B.

(15)(2.7A)(0.56T)(0.08866m 2)2 sin 90 0.132 N m. 0.71 45 . b) The torque on the loop is 71% of the maximum when sin NIBAsin
max

27.44: (a) The force on each segment of the coil is toward the center of the coil, as the net force and net torque are both zero. (b) As viewed from above:

As in (a), the forces cancel.

L sin 2 IlBL sin (1.40 A)(0.220m)(1.50T)(0.350m) sin 30 2Fmagn 8.09 10 2 N m counterclo ckwise

27.45: a) T 2 r v 1.5 10 16 s b) I Q t e t 1.1mA IA I r 2 9.3 10 24 A m2 c)

27.46: a) 90 : NIAB sin(90 ) NIAB, direction : k j 0 : NIAB sin(0) 0, no direction,U N B cos b)

c) d)

, U i N B cos NIAB.

0.

90 : NIAB sin(90 ) NIAB, direction : k 180 : NIAB sin(180 ) 0, no direction,U

, U j i N B cos 0. N B cos(180 ) NIAB.

27.47:

U Uf

Ui

B cos 0

B cos 180
2.42 J.

2 B

2(1.45A m2 )(0.835T)

27.48: a) Vab b) P supplied c) Pmech

Ir

IVab IVab

Vab 120 V 105 V r 3.2 (4.7 A)(120 V) 564 W. I

4.7 A.

I 2 r 564 W (4.7 A)2 (3.2 ) 493 W.

27.49: a) I f

120 V 1.13 A. 106 b) I r I total I f 4.82 A 1.13 A 3.69 A. c) V I r Rr V I r Rr 120 V (3.69 A)(5.9) 98.2 V. d) Pmech I r (98.2 V)(3.69 A) 362 W.

27.50: a) Field current I f

120 V 0.550 A. 218 b) Rotor current I r I total I f 4.82 A 0.550 A 4.27 A. c) V I r Rr V I r Rr 120 V (4.27 A)(5.9 ) 94.8 V. (0.550 A) 2 (218 ) 65.9 W. d) Pf I 2 f Rf
e) Pr I r2 Rr (4.27 A) 2 (5.9 ) 108 W. f) Power input = (120 V) (4.82 A) = 578 W. g) Efficiency =

Poutput Pinput

(578 W 65.9 W 108 W 45 W) 578 W

359 W 578 W

0.621.

27.51: a) vd

J nq

I An q
4

120 A (0.0118m)(2.3 10 m)(5.85 1028 m 3 )(1.6 10 19 C) vd

b) Ez

4.72 10 3 m s .
(4.72 10 3 m s)(0.95T) 4.48 10 3 N C , in the z -direction

vd By

(negative charge). c) VHall zEz (0.0118m)(4.48 10 3 N C) 5.29 10 5 V.

27.52:

IBy IBy z1 IBy A q Ez A q z y1 q (78.0 A)(2.29T) 4 (2.3 10 m)(1.6 10 19 C)(1.31 10 4 V)

n 3.7 1028 electrons per cubic meter.

J x By q Ez

27.53: a) By inspection, using F

qv

B, B

B j will provide the correct direction

for each force. Using either force, say F2 , B b) F1

F2 . q v2
v2 ).

q v1 B sin 45

q v2 B 2

F2 (since v1 2

) Bz ( )] qVBx k 27.54: a) F q v B qV[Bx ( j i j k b) Bx 0, Bz 0, sign of By doesn't matter.

c) F

qVBz i

q VBx i

, F q VBx k

2 q vBx .

27.55: The direction of E is horizontal and perpendicular to v , as shown in the sketch:

FB qvB, FE qE FB FE for no deflection, so qvB qE E vB (14.0 m s)(0.500T) 7.00 V m

We ignored the gravity force. If the target is 5.0 m from the rifle, it takes the bullet 0.36 s to reach the target and during this time the bullet moves downward 2 y y0 1 0.62 m. The magnetic and electric forces we considered are horizontal. 2 ayt A vertical electric field of E mg q 0.038V m would be required to cancel the gravity force. Air resistance has also been neglected.

27.56: a) Motion is circular:

x2 y2
d If R

y 2 R2 x D y1 R 2 D2 (path of deflected particle) R (equation for tangent to the circle, path of undeflected particle)
y2 y1 D R d R2 R 1 D2 1 R 1 D2 2 R2 R 1 D2 R2 R1 1 D2 R2

D2 . 2R

For a particle moving in a magnetic field, R But

mv . qB

1 2 mv 2

qV , so R

1 2mV . B q

D2 B q D2 B e . Thus, the deflection d 2 2mV 2 2mV (0.50 m)2 (5.0 10 5 T) (1.6 10 19 C) b) d 2 2(9.11 10 31 kg)(750 V) d 13% of D, which is fairly significant.
27.57: a) vmax

0.067 m 6.7 cm.

qBR m

E max
b) T

1 m v 2 max 2
2R v

(1.6 10 19 C) (0.85 T) (0.40 m) 3.3 107 m/s. 27 1.67 10 kg (1.67 10 27 kg) (3.3 107 m/s2 ) 8.9 10 13 J 5.5 MeV. 2

2(0.4 m) 7.6 10 8 s. 7 3.3 10 m/s

c) If the energy was to be doubled, then the speed would have to be increased by 2, as would the magnetic field. Therefore the new magnetic field would be

Bnew

2B0

1.2 T.

d)For alpha particles,

Emax ( ) Emax ( p)

mp q 2 m q p 2

Emax( p)

mp (2q p )2 (4mp ) q p 2

Emax ( p).

27.58: a) F

i qv B q vx Bx

j vy By

k vz Bz

i q0 Bx

j 0 By

k v Bz

qvBy i

qvBx j.

But F By
b) B

3F0 i

4F0 j, so 3F0

qvBy and 4F0

qvBx

3F0 , Bx qv

6F0 qv

Bx 2

By 2

4F0 , Bz is arbitrary. qv F0 Bz 2 9 16 Bz 2 qv

F0 25 Bz 2 qv

Bz

11F0 qv
qe B/ 2me qLi B/ 2mLi

27.59: f

2
a) K

qB 2m

fe f Li

emLi 3eme

1 1.16 10 26 kg 3 9.11 10 31 kg

4244.

27.60:

2.7 MeV (2.7 106 eV) (1.6 10 19 J/eV) 4.32 10 13 J.

v R
Also, v R

2K m mv qB

2(4.32 10 13 J) 1.67 10 27 kg

2.27 107 m/s. 0.068 m.

(1.67 10 27 kg) (2.27 107 m/s) (1.6 10 19 C) (3.5 T)

2.27 107 m/s 3.34 108 rad/s. 0.068 m

b) If the energy reaches the final value of 5.4 MeV, the velocity increases by does the radius, to 0.096 m. The angular frequency is unchanged from part (a) at 3.34 108 rad / s.

2 , as

27.61: a) F

(vx Bz ) qv B q (vy Bz )i j
q2 q F2 1 2 2 Bz (v y ) (v x ) 2 1.25 N 0.120 T

F2

q 2 (v y Bz ) 2 (vx Bz ) 2

1 4(1.05 10 m/s)
6 2

3(1.05 106 m/s)

1.98 10 6 C.
b)

F qv B q (vx Bz ) (v B )i j m m m y z 1.98 10 6 C 3 a (1.05 106 m/s) ( 0.120 T) 4i j 15 2.58 10 kg 3 a 9.67 1013 m/s 2 4i j

c) The motion is helical since the force is in the xy-plane but the velocity has a zcomponent. The radius of the circular part of the motion is:

mv qB f 2

(2.58 10 15 kg) (5) (1.05 106 m/s) (1.98 10 6 C) (0.120 T) qB 2m

0.057 m.

d)

(1.98 10 6 C) (0.120 T) 14.7 MHz. 2(2.58 10 15 kg)

e) After two complete cycles, the x and y values are back to their original values, x = R and y = 0, but z has changed.

2Tvz

2vz f

2( 12) (1.05 106 m/s) 1.71 m. 1.47 107 Hz

27.62: a)

mv2 R

qE

qER m

qVab m ln(b/ a)

(1.6 10 19 C) (120 V) (9.11 10 31 kg)ln(5.00/0.100)

v 2.32 106 m/s. mv2 m 2 q(E vB) v (qB)v qE 0 b) R R (2.28 10 29 ) v 2 (2.08 10 23 )v (1.23 10 16 ) 0

v 2.82 106 m/s or 1.91 106 m/s,

but we need the positive velocity to get the correct force, so v 2.82 106 m/s. c) If the direction of the magnetic field is reversed, then there is a smaller net force and a smaller velocity, and the value is the second root found in part (b),

v 3.19 106 m/s.

27.63: v

E B

1.88 104 N/C 2.68 104 m/s, and R 0.701 T

mv , so : qB

R82 R84 R86

82(1.66 10 27 kg) (2.68 104 m/ s) (1.60 10 19 C) (0.701T)

0.0325 m.

84(1.66 10 27 kg)(2.68 104 m/s) 0.0333m. (1.60 10 19 C) (0.701T) 86(1.66 10 27 kg) (2.68 104 m/s) 0.0341m. (1.60 10 19 C) (0.701T)

So the distance between two adjacent lines is 2 R = 1.6 mm.

27.64: Fx

q(vy Bz
q(v z Bx q(v x By

vz By ) 0.
v x Bz ) (9.45 10 8 C) (5.85 104 m/s) (0.450 T) v y Bx ) (9.45 10 8 C) ( 3.11 104 m/s) (0.450 T)

Fy Fz

2.49 10 3 N. 1.32 10 3 N.

27.65: a) lab : F

I l ab B I (labB) j i . ( 4.24 N)k

I (lbcB) k ) (i i 2 (k 2 j)

(6.58 A)(0.750m)(0.860 T)k

(6.58 A)(0.750 m)(0.860 T) j

lbc : F

I l bc B

( 4.24 N) j. lcd : F F lde : F lef : F I l cd B I (lcd B) . k k i (6.58 A)(0.750 m)(0.860 T) j ( 4.24 N) j i (6.58 A)(0.750 m)(0.860 T) j . k

(4.24 N) j I l de B I l ef B

IldeB

) i 0. I (lef B)( i
j. (a) we have F total ( 4.24 N)

b) Summing all the forces in part 27.66: a) F = ILB, to the right.

b) v 2 c) d

v2 v2m . 2a 2ILB (1.12 104 m/s)2 (25 kg) 3.14 106 m 3140 km! 2(2000 A)(0.50 m)(0.50 T) 2ad d

27.67: The current is to the left, so the force is into the plane.

Fy

N cos

Mg

0 and

FB

Mg tan

ILB

Fx N sin Mg tan LB

FB

0.

27.68: a) By examining a small piece of the wire (shown below) we find:

FB

ILB 2T sin ( / 2) 2T 2T L/ R ILB 2 2

T IB

R.

b) For a particle:

qvB
1 mvx 2 2
y

mv2 R

mv Rq

mvIB Tq

Tq . mI
x . vx
m 2qV
1/ 2

27.69: a)

qV
1 2 at 2 Bx
2

vx
1 x a 2 vx q 8mV
1 2

2qV . Also a m
2

qvx B , and t m
x vx
2

1 qvx B 2 m

1 qBx2 2 m

b) This can be used for isotope separation since the mass in the denominator leads to different locations for different isotopes.

27.70: (a) During acceleration of the ions:

qV v
In the magnetic field:

1 2 mv 2 2qV m

R m

mv qB
2

m
2

2 qV m

qB

qB R 2V 2 2 (1.60 10 19 C)(0.150 T) 2 (0.500 m) 2 qB R (b) V 2m 2(12)(1.66 10 27 kg) V 2.26 104 volts

(c) The ions are separated by the differences in their diameters.

D 2R 2 D 2 D14

2Vm qB2 D12 2 14 2Vm 2Vm 2 2 qB 14 qB2 12 12 14 12

2V (1 amu) qB2

2(2.26 104 V)(1.66 10 27 kg) 2 (1.6 10 19 C)(0.150 T) 2

8.01 10 2 m 8 cm easily distinguishible.

27.71: a)

Divide the rod into infinitesimal sections of length dr. The magnetic force on this section is dFI I B dr and is perpendicular to the rod. The torque d due to the force on this section is d rdFI IBr dr. The total torque is

I B r dr
0

1 2

Il 2 B 0.0442 N/ m, clockwise. This is the same torque calculated

from a force diagram in which the total magnetic force FI IlB acts at the center of the rod. b) FI produces a clockwise torque so the spring force must produce a counterclockwise torque. The spring force must be to the left, the spring is stretched. Find x, the amount the spring is stretched: 0, axis at hinge, counterclockwise torques positive
2 (kx)l sin 53 1 0 2 Il B (6.50 A)(0.200 m)(0.340 T) IlB x 2k sin 53.0 2(4.80 N/m) sin 53.0

0.05765 m

1 2

kx2

7.98 10 3 J

27.72: a) F
0.800 1.00

I l B FPQ (5.00 A) (0.600 m) (3.00 T) sin(0 ) 0 N, FRP (5.00 A) (0.800 m) (3.00 T) sin(90 ) 12.0 N(into the page), FQR (5.00 A) (1.00 m) (3.00 T)

12.0 N (out of the page).

b) The net force on the triangular loop of wire is zero. c) For calculating torque on a uniform wire we can assume that the force on a wire is applied at the wires center. Also, note t hat we are finding the torque with respect to the PR-axis (not about a point), and consequently the lever arm will be the distance from the wires center to the x-axis.

r F

rF sin( )

PQ

r (0 N) 0, RP

(0 m) F sin

0, QR

(0.300 m) (12.0 N) sin(90 ) 3.60 N m (pointing to the right and parallel to PR) (1) (5.00 A) 1 d) According to Eqn. 27.28, NIAB sin 2 (0.600 m) (0.800 m) (3.00 T) sin(90 ) 3.60 N m, which agrees with part (c).
e) The point Q will be rotated out of the plane of the figure.

27.73:

0,
counterclockwise torques positive

mg(l / 2) sin 37.0 IAB sin 53.0 , with A l 2 mg sin 37 mg tan 37 I 10.0 A 2lB sin 53 2lB

27.74: a) F

Il Fx

) B Il ( By )i (Bx ) B I (lk j IlBy (9.00 A) (0.250 m) ( 0.985 T) 2.22 N.

Fy
b) F

IlBx Fz

(9.00 A) (0.250 m) ( 0.242 T)

0.545 N

0, since the wire is in the z - direction.

Fx 2

Fy 2

(2.22 N)2

(0.545 N)2

2.29 N.

27.75: Summing the torques on the wire from gravity and the magnetic field will enable us to find the magnetic field value.

IAB sin 60

B(8.2 A) (0.060 m) (0.080m) sin 60

(0.0341N m/T)B.

There are three sides to consider for the gravitational torque, leading to:
g

m6 gl6 sin

2m8 gl8 sin ,

where l 6 is the moment arm from the pivot to the far 6 cm leg and l8 is the moment arm from the pivot to the centers of mass of the 8 cm legs.

g g

(9.8 m/s 2 ) sin 30 [(0.00015kg / cm) (6 cm) (0.080 m) 2(0.00015kg/ cm) (8 cm) (0.040 m)] 8.23 10 N m
4

8.23 10 4 N m 0.0341N m/ T

0.024 T, in the y - direction.

27.76: a)

in the

0.030 N m j direction. To keep the loop in place, you must provide a torque in the j IAB sin 30

IAB sin 60

(15.0 A)(0.060m) (0.080 m) (0.48 T) sin 60

direction. b) the place.

(15.0 A)(0.60 m) (0.080 m) (0.48 T) sin 30 0.017 N m, in j direction you must provide a torque in the j direction to keep the loop in

c) If the loop was pivoted through its center, then there would be a torque on both sides of the loop parallel to the rotation axis. However, the lever arm is only half as large, so the total torque in each case is identical to the values found in parts (a) and (b).

27.77:

but
d dt 2
2

Is

d d2 Is Is 2 dt dt B sin NIAB (sin

) if

is small)

NIAB . Is

This describes simple harmonic motion with

2

NIAB Is

Is . NIAB

27.78:

B sin

IABsin .

90 , I

qf

q ,A 2

r2

L 2

q 2

L2 B 4 2

2 q B . 2 8

27.79: The y-components of the magnetic field provide forces which cancel as you go around the loop. The x-components of the magnetic field, however, provide a net force in the y- direction.
2 R

NIB dl sin 60 F

NIB sin 60
0

dl

2 RNIB sin 60 0.444 N.

2(0.0156/ 2 m) (50) (0.950 A) (0.220 T) sin 60

27.80:

ri

Fi

ri

Fi

rp

Fi

(ri

rp )

Fi

i (P).

Note that we added a term after the second equals sign that was zero because the body is in translational equilibrium.

27.81: a)

b) Side 1 : F
0

Id l
L

B0 y dy k L 0

1 . B LIi 2 0

Side 2 : F
L

Id l
0, y L

B B B

I
0, y 0

B0 y dx j L L B0 y dy ( i) L L B0 y dx j 0. L 0

IB0 L j. 1 . IB Li 2 0

Side 3 : F
0

Id l
L, x L

I
L, x 0

Side 4 : F

Id l
L, y 0

I
L, y

c) The sum of all forces is F total

IB0 L j.

27.82: a)

b) Side 1 : F
0

Id l
L

B0 y dy ( k) L 0
L

1 . B LIk 2 0

Side 2 : F
0 L

Id l Id l
0 L

B B B

I
0 L

B0 x dx k L B0 ydy k L B0 xdx ( k) L

1 . IB Lk 2 0 1 . IB Lk 2 0 1 . IB Lk 2 0

Side 3 : F Side 4 : F
0

I
0 L

Id l

I
0

c) If free to rotate about the x-axis d) If free to rotate about the y-axis e) The form of the torque constant.

L F
L F

IB0 L2 1 . i IAB0 i 2 2 IB0 L2 1 j IAB0 j. 2 2

B is not appropriate, since the magnetic field is not

27.83: a) y 0.350 m 0.025 m 0.325 m, we must subtract off the amount immersed since the bar is accelerating until it leaves the pools and thus hasnt reached v0 yet.

v2

0 v0 2 v0

2g y

v0

2g y. 2.52 m/s.

2(9.8 m/s2 )(0.325)

b) In a distance of 0.025 m the wires speed increases from zero to 2.52 m/s.

a F

v2 2 y

(2.52 m/s)2 2(0.025m)

127 m/s 2 . But 7.58 A.

m( g a) (5.40 10 5 kg) ((127 9.8) m/s 2 ) ILB mg ma I LB (0.15 m) (0.00650T) V 1.50 V 0.20 . c) V IR R I 7.58 A
dq dt q qu v ev Iu . t 2 r 3r ev 2 evr Iu A r . 3r 3

27.84: a) I u b)
u

c) Since there are two down quarks, each of half the charge of the up quark,

d
d) v

evr 3

3 2er

2evr . 3 3(9.66 10 27 A m2 7.55 107 m s. 2(1.60 10 19 C)(1.20 10 15 m) total

27.85: a) b)

IA n
B

using the right - hand rule. IAk i j k ( IABy ) 0 0 IA i j ( IABx ).

Bx By Bz

But

Bx
But B0

3D 4Di j, so IABy 3D 4D , By . IA IA
Bx 2 By 2 Bz 2

4D, IABx

3D

13D 25D 2 , so IA I 2 A2

Bz 2

13D IA

Bz

12D , but U IA

B 0, so take Bz

12D . IA

 cos Rd sin i 27.86: a) dl dlt j . Note that this implies that when 0, the line element points in the + y-direction, and when the angle is 90 , the line element points in the x-direction. This is in agreement with the diagram.

dF
b) F

Idl B IRd
2

cos ) sin i j (Bx i

IBx R cos dk
0 2

dF
0.

IBx Rd

. cosk

cos IBx R dk

sin c) d r d F R(cosi j) (IBx R d cos2 d R2 IBx d (sin cosi j).

d)

) cosk
2 sin 2 4
2

d

2

R 2 IBx
0

sin cos di
2

cos2 d j

IR2 Bx
B

IR Bx j

I R Bx j

Bx i IAk

27.87: a)

B dA

Bz dA
top barrel

Br dA

( L)dA
top

Br dA 0.
barrel

L r2

Br 2 rL

Br (r)

r . 2

b) The two diagrams show views of the field lines from the top and side:

27.88: a)

U
U U

( f B i B) ( 0.8i 0.6 3 ) ( f i ) B ( k j)) B0 (12i j 4k IAB0 [( 0.8)( 12) (0.6)( 3) ( 1)( 4)] (12.5 A)(4.45 10 4 m2 )(0.0115 T)( 11.8) 7.55 10 4 J.
2 K I 2(7.55 10 4 J) 8.50 10 7 kg m2 42.1 rad/s.

b)

1 2 I 2

27.89: a) R

mv qB

(3.20 10 11 kg)(1.45 105 m/s) 5.14 m. (2.15 10 6 C)(0.420T)

b) The distance along the curve, d , is given by

d
And t c) d)

(5.14 m)sin 1 (0.25 / 5.14) 0.25 m.

0.25 m d 1.72 10 6 s. v 1.45 105 m/s x1 d tan( / 2) (0.25 m)tan (2.79 / 2) 6.08 10 3 m. x x1 x2 6.08 10 3 m (0.50 m) tan(2.79 ) 0.0304 m.

27.90: a) b) J

p FA IlBA JlB. p (1.00 atm)(1.013 105 Pa/atm) 1.32 106 A/m2 . lB (0.0350m)(2.20T)

27.91: a) The maximum speed occurs at the top of the cycloidal path, and hence the radius of curvature is greatest there. Once the motion is beyond the top, the particle is being slowed by the electric field. As it returns to y 0, the speed decreases, leading to a smaller magnetic force, until the particle stops completely. Then the electric field again provides the acceleration in the y-direction of the particle, leading to the repeated motion. b) W

Fd

qEd qEy

1 2 mv 2
qE qvB qE

2qEy . m
mv2 R m 2qEy 2y m 2E v . B

c) At the top,

Fy

2qE qvB