More Derivative Rules

Math 1a

Fall, 2012

'

Differentiating Exponential Functions

8

d x
e = ex
dx

More generally, if a > 0 is a constant,

d x
a = ax ln(a).
dx

&

Compute the following derivatives, using these new rules and the rules we learned earlier.

d
1
(xex ex )
1
2 Find y 0 if y = x + 6ex
dx
x

d 2x
d  x x
e =
e e
dx
dx

d x
d 1
e =
dx
dx ex

Find

dy
if y = t2 + 2t
dt

d
(2e)x
dx

Find

dy
if y = xe + ex
dx

d x7
d x 7

e
=
e e
dx
dx

Differentiating Trigonometric Functions

8


d
sin(x) = cos(x)
dx

d
cos(x) = sin(x)
dx

y ................

.
....
...
..
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
..
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
...
..
....
...
...
...
...
....
..
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
..

.... .... .... ....

.... .... .... .... ..
...............................
.... ...1
.. .... .....
.... .. ...............
... ....
........
.
.
.
.
.
.
.......
.. ....
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
......... .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.. ..
.....
..
...
....
.....
. ..
.. .
....
....
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
....
..
..
..
. . . . .... . . . . . . . .
. . . . .......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......
.
.
.
..
x
. ...
... 3
.........
.... 2
....
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
.
.
.. .
2
.
.
.
.
.
....
.
.
...... .. .
... .
....
........ .
... ..
.....
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.. ....
.
. ..
..
.... .... .... .... .... .... ... ...............................................
1

Using these rules, compute the derivatives of the rest of the usual trigonometric functions:
d
d
(tan(x)) =
Find
dx
dx

d
d
(cot(x)) =
11 Find
dx
dx


sin(x)
.
cos(x)

d
d
(sec(x)) =
10 Find
dx
dx


1
.
cos(x)


cos(x)
.
sin(x)

d
d
(csc(x)) =
12 Find
dx
dx


1
.
sin(x)

In the following problems, compute the derivatives of the given functions using the derivative rules
weve covered so far.

dy
d
d
if y = x cos(x).
(cos(2x)) =
cos2 (x) sin2 (x) .
13 Find
14 Find
dx
dx
dx

15 Find


d
sin(x) x cos(x) .
dx

16 Find


d x
e sin(x) ex cos(x) .
dx

17 Find lim x sin( x1 ).

x

Hint: See if you can transform this into a limit we talked about in class today.

More Derivative Rules Answers / Solutions

Differentiating Exponential Functions:
1

We need the product rule here:

d
d
(xex ex ) = 1 ex + x (ex ) ex = ex + xex ex = xex .
dx
dx

We re-write y = x1/2 x1 + 6ex , we can differentiate to find

1
1
1
y 0 = x1/2 (1)x2 + 6ex = + 2 + 6ex .
2
2 x x

Soon well be able to differentiate e2x directly using the chain rule. For now we need the
product rule:
d 2x
d x x
d x
d x
e =
e e =
(e ) ex + ex
(e ) = ex ex + ex ex = 2e2x .
dx
dx
dx
dx

Again well be able to differentiate ex directly with the chain rule soon. For now, we use the
quotient rule:
d 1
d x
e =
=
dx
dx ex

dy
= 2t + 2t ln(2)
dt

d
(2e)x
dx

d
(1)ex
dx

d x
1 dx
e
0ex ex
ex
=
=

= ex .
(ex )2
e2x
e2x

= (2e)x ln(2e). We could also use the product rule after writing (2e)x = 2x ex ; wed

get
d x x
(2 e ) = (2x ln(2)) ex + 2x ex = 2x ex (ln(2) + 1) = (2e)x (ln(2) + 1) .
dx
These are the same since ln(2e) = ln(2) + ln(e) = ln(2) + 1.
7
8

dy
= exe1 + ex
dx
Writing ex7 = ex e7 (where e7 is a constant, we find the derivative is
d
e7 dx
(ex ) = e7 ex = ex7 .

d
dx

(ex e7 ) =

Differentiating Trigonometric Functions:

9

We compute using the quotient rule (with u = sin(x) and v = cos(x), so u0 = cos(x) and
v 0 = sin(x)):




cos(x) cos(x) sin(x) sin(x)
d
d sin(x)
(tan(x)) =
=
dx
dx cos(x)
cos2 (x)
cos2 (x) + sin2 (x)
1
=
=
= sec2 (x).
2
cos (x)
cos2 (x)
Thus

d
(tan(x)) = sec2 (x).
dx

10 Again we use the quotient rule (this time with u = 1 and v = cos(x), so u0 = 0 and v 0 =
sin(x)):




0 cos(x) 1 sin(x)
d
d
1
sin(x)
(sec(x)) =
=
=
2
dx
dx cos(x)
cos (x)
cos2 (x)
sin(x)
1

= sec(x) tan(x).
=
cos(x) cos(x)
Thus

d
dx

(sec(x)) = sec(x) tan(x).

Well find out early next week that we dont actually need to use the quotient rule here. When
we learn the chain rule this derivative will become simpler.
d
(cot(x)) = csc2 (x) and
11 and 12 are very similar to the above. We end up with
dx
d
(csc(x)) = csc(x) cot(x). Thus we might write these differentiation rules as:
dx
'

Trigonometry Differentiation Rules

8

d
sin(x) = cos(x)
dx

d
cos(x) = sin(x)
dx

10

d
tan(x) = sec2 (x)
dx

11

d
sec(x) = sec(x) tan(x)
dx

12

d
cot(x) = csc2 (x)
dx

13

d
csc(x) = csc(x) cot(x)
dx

&

13 This is simply the product rule:

cos(x)

dy
= 21 x1/2 cos(x) + x sin(x) = x sin(x).
dx
2 x
14 This is another problem that will be much simpler once we learn the chain rule next week.
Right now the only way we can do this is to write cos(2x) = cos2 (x) sin2 (x) and use the
product rule to differentiate cos2 (x) and sin2 (x). It turns out that


d
d
(cos(2x)) =
cos2 (x) sin2 (x) = 4 sin(x) cos(x) or
dx
dx

2 sin(2x).


d
sin(x) x cos(x) = x sin(x).
15
dx

d x
x
e
sin(x)

e
cos(x)
= 2ex sin(x).
16
dx
17 Here the trick is to write u =
decreases to zero. That is,

1
,
x

so x =

1
.
u

So when x grows without bound, we know u

lim x sin( x1 ) = lim+ u1 sin(u) = lim+

u0

u0

sin(u)
.
u

sin(u)
sin(u)
= 1, so lim+
= 1 as well. This means
u0
u0
u
u

We saw in class today that lim

lim x sin( x1 ) = 1.