Sie sind auf Seite 1von 6

ANDERSON JUNIOR COLLEGE JC2 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2013 Higher 2

HISTORY
Paper 2 Southeast Asian History, 1900-1997 No Additional Materials are required.

9731/02
Thu 19 September 2013 3 hours

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name and PDG on all the work you hand in, including this cover sheet. Write the question numbers of the questions attempted on this cover page. Write in dark blue or black pen. Start each answer on a fresh piece of writing paper. Section A Answer Question 1. Section B Answer any three questions. Start each answer on a fresh piece of writing paper. At the end of the examination, fasten the answer to each question separately, with this cover sheet attached on top of your answer to the first question. All questions in this paper carry equal marks. You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers.

Question No. Section A 1 Section B

Marks /25 /25 /25 /25

Name : __________________________________ PDG : __________________________________ Total Marks:

/100

This document consists of 6 printed pages, including this page. 9731/02

2
BLANK PAGE

Anderson Junior College

9731/02

3 SectionA YoumustanswerQuestion1.

ASEANandRegionalEconomicCooperation
1Readthesourcescarefullybeforeansweringthequestion.

SourceA Economic cooperation was not, after all, the real objective of the formation of ASEAN. At the beginning, in 1976, it was simply a means to strengthen political unity. Economic cooperation was therefore largely considered only when the need arose. It was used as a policy instrument for economic recovery at the time of economic stagnation during 198086 and then relatively ignored whentheeconomywasrecoveringasaresultofexternalforcesafterthat.Itwasagainadoptedas apolicyinstrumentin1992whenthechallengeandthreatofglobaltradeliberalisationwerefelt. The conclusion is that, until recently, ASEAN economic cooperation has continued to be determined by political rather than market forces. Yet, partly because of forced economic cooperation and the development of market forces, there is a now much higher degree of economic integration among the ASEAN economies. The market now demands economic cooperation, particularly on institutional matters. Thus, ASEAN has to become a much stronger economic community, as the importance of economic cooperation independent of political considerationswillcertainlyincrease. FromanacademicpublicationonASEAN,2001. SourceB AsASEANcomesclosertotherealisationofitsvisionofallthetencountriesofSoutheastAsialiving together as a harmonious family of nations, it can look back across the years and be justifiably proud of what it has achieved. Its economic dynamism has been cited by the World Bank as an exemplar for developing countries. Always outwardlooking and oriented towards cooperation, it hasfirmlyassumedresponsibilityforitsowndestiny. The region has indeed come a long way from the area of political turmoil and economic underdevelopmentthatitwasthreedecadesago.Inaveryrealsense,ASEANwasbornbecauseits founding members felt that their very survival was under threat by challenges that could only be overcome if they could achieve the solidarity, the individual and collective resilience and the poolingofresourcesthatarethehallmarksofASEANcooperationtoday. th FromaspeechbyAliAlatas,MinisterforForeignAffairsofIndonesia,tomarkthe30 anniversary ofASEAN'sfounding,1997.
Anderson Junior College 9731/02

4 SourceC In 1992, Singapore and Thailand led the member states efforts to create the ASEAN Free Trade Area, which until recently was one of ASEANs primary integrative mechanisms. And while early effortsateconomicintegrationinitiallybroughttheorganizationglobalrenown,theAsianfinancial crisis exposed ASEANs underlying institutional weaknesses. ASEANs response exposed it as an organization unable to handle complex economic difficulties, undermining its image as the source ofSoutheastAsiasstrength. In the early months of the crisis, ASEAN regarded the attacks on the baht as simply a domestic problem, and played no role when several Asian banks provided assistance to Thailand. Observers thus became skeptical that ASEAN could continue to provide effective regional leadership. Consequently, the member states were united in their belief that ASEAN would have to pursue integration more aggressively if regional economic growth was to remain the organizations raison d'tre. Fromanacademicjournalarticle,2010. SourceD Effectively,economiccooperationamongmembersproducedsomeresults,thoughnotparticularly impressive.Negotiations wereconducted on trade, tariffs, quotas and also economic and technical cooperation with the European Community, the United States, Japan, Australia, and other countries, obtaining here and there some limited satisfaction but nothing earthshaking. However, within the organization, intraregional trade and economic as well as industrial joint projects made little headway, because of exacerbated nationalism shown by technocrats laying the groundwork for their political superiors. Moreover, certain members on several occasions have displayed a bazaar rather than cooperative spirit by insisting on taking more than giving, as evidenced in the caseofindustrialjointventuresandafewothers.Also,thereisnocommonmarketinthemaking. FromanarticlebyThanatKoman,theformerThaiForeignMinister,Reminiscences,1988.

Anderson Junior College

9731/02

5 SourceE The Ministers discussed the causes of the current crisis and the policy responses adopted by the affected economies in their efforts to restore economic and financial stability. They noted that a comprehensive package of policies was necessary in dealing with the problems of globalisation. Suchapackagewouldaimtoenhancethestabilityandstrengthofthefinancialsystem. The Ministers also noted the need to maintain consistently sound economic and financial policies as markets judge the economy's growth prospects on present policies and react immediately. In thisregard,theMinistersagreedtopossiblecooperativeeffortsinredefiningthecriteriaforsound policies. In addition, they noted the increasingly important role of the private sector given the liberalization process and stressed the need for good corporate governance. They also agreed on regionaleffortsatenhancingthis. FromtheJointMinisterialStatementoftheSpecialASEANFinanceMinisters'Meeting, 1December1997. Nowanswerthefollowingquestion

How far do Sources AE support the view that ASEAN's efforts at regional economic cooperation proveddisappointing?

Anderson Junior College

9731/02

SectionB Youmustanswerthreequestionsfromthissection. 2. Assess the significance of nationalist leaders in the development of nationalism in Southeast AsiabeforeWorldWarII. 3. To what extent was the unravelling of the colonial empires in Southeast Asia influenced by thethreatofcommunism? 4. How effectively have maximum governments perpetuated their rule in independent SoutheastAsia? 5. Why have independent Southeast Asian governments failed to win over their minorities in theirnationbuildingefforts? 6. 'The continual presence of interstate tensions in the region reveals that attempts by Southeast Asian states to deal with these tensions have amounted to nothing.' How far do you agree with this assessment of Southeast Asian states' attempts to deal with interstate tensionstill1997?

Anderson Junior College

9731/02

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen