Induction Lamps Vs HID Lamps

www.EconoLuxI ndustries.
com
EconoLux Induction Lights
EconoLux Induction Lights

Vs.
Vs.

High Intensity Discharge
High Intensity Discharge
(HID) Lights
(HID) Lights
Admin:7F,KinOnCommercialBuilding,4951JervoisStreet,SheunWan,HongKong
Factory:9ZhongxinAvenue,Dongguan,GuangdongProvince,PRC
TEL:(English):(+86)18605924298(English&): (+86)18621689926
This publication is copyright 2012 - EconoLux Industries Limited
All Rights Reserved - www.EconoLuxIndustries.com
EconoLux Induction Lights Vs. HID Lights - www.EconoLuxIndustries.com Page
EconoLux I nduction Lights Vs. High I ntensity Discharge (HI D) Lights

I ntroduction:
As the cost of energy increases, people are seeking ways in which to reduce their energy
consumption. Due to these rising energy costs, a great deal of R&D work has gone into finding
improvements in lighting technology so as to consume less energy, while still providing the
required light levels.
The most common form of lighting in use in commercial and industrial applications is HID
(High Intensity Discharge) lighting technologies such as Mercury Vapour (MV) lamps, High
Pressure Sodium (HPS) lamps and Metal Halide (MH) lamps. In some areas, Low Pressure
Sodium (LPS or SOX) lamps are still used, although they have generally fallen out of favour due
to their almost monochromatic orange light output and abysmal colour rendering.
This paper compares the use of HID lamps in commercial and industrial lighting
application with using long-life, energy saving EconoLux Induction lamps. The paper shows
scientifically that energy and maintenance savings of between 35% and 75% can be realised by
replacing the inefficient HID lamps with Induction Lamps.

Technology Background:
Before comparing the merits of Induction
Lamps and HID lamps in commercial and
industrial lighting applications, we will review
the technology by which the induction lamps
produce light.

EconoLux I nduction Lamps:
External inductor lamps are basically
fluorescent lamps with magnetic induction
coils wrapped around a part of the tube (see
diagram on right). High frequency energy,
from the electronic ballast, is sent through
wires which form a coil around the ferrite
inductor. The induction coil produces a very strong magnetic field, which travels through the
glass envelope/tube walls, and excites the mercury atoms provided by the amalgam, causing
them to emit UV light inside the tube. The UV light is then up-converted to the visible light we
see by the phosphor coating on the inside of the tube.
The system can be considered as a type of transformer where the inductor is the primary
coil, while the mercury atoms within the tube from a single-turn secondary coil; thus electrical
energy is coupled through the glass wall of the tube to excite the mercury atoms within.
In a variation of this technology, a light bulb shaped glass lamp, which has a test-tube like
central re-entrant cavity (glass tube), is coated with phosphors on the inside and filled with inert
gas and a pellet of mercury amalgam. The induction coil is wound around a shaft which is
inserted into the central test-tube like cavity and excited by high frequency energy provided by
an external electronic ballast, to produce a strong magnetic field.
The advantages of Induction Lamps are longer lifespan than HID lamps (such as Mercury
Vapour, High & Low pressure Sodium, and Metal Halide) due to the lack of internal electrodes.
Induction lamps also have a very high energy conversion efficiency due to the high frequency
Page 1

EconoLux Induction Lights Vs. HID Lights - www.EconoLuxIndustries.com Page 2
electronic ballasts which are 95% to 99% efficient. These benefits offer a considerable cost
savings of between 35% and 75% in energy and maintenance costs compared to other types of
lamps which they can replace.
As with conventional fluorescent lamps, varying the composition of the phosphors coated
onto the inside of the Induction Lamp tubes, allows for models with different colour
temperatures. Most induction lamps in use are scotopically enhanced types and are primarily
5000K models, although 4100K lamps are also used in many applications. Some 6500K
induction lamps are also used in applications where high visual acuity is required, as those
lights more closely simulate daylight and provide the best value-for-money (maximum VEL).

Ballasts:
Magnetic Induction Lamps require a correctly
matched electronic ballast for proper operation. The ballast
takes the incoming AC power and rectifies it to DC (photo
at right). Solid state circuitry then converts this DC current
to a very high frequency which is between 2.65 MHz and
13.6 MHz depending on lamp design. This high frequency
is fed to the induction coil wrapped around the ferrite core
of the lamp inductor. The high frequency creates a strong
magnet field in the inductor, which couples the energy through the glass wall and into the
mercury atoms inside the tube or lamp.
The ballasts contain control circuitry which regulates the frequency and current to the
induction coil to insure stable operation of the lamp. In addition, the ballasts have a circuit
which produces a large start pulse to initially ionize the mercury atoms and thereby start the
lamp. Induction lamps do not start at 100% output as it take a few seconds for the amalgam in
the lamp to heat up and release mercury atoms after the lamp starts. The lamps start at between
75% and 85% of output and warm up to full almost imperceptibly within a minute or two.
The close regulation of the lamp by the ballast, and the use of microprocessor controlled
circuits allows the ballasts to operate at an efficiency of between 95% and 99% (depending on the
model) so that only around 1% to 5% of the energy is lost in the induction lamp ballast
compared to the 12% to 17% wasted in traditional core and coil designs.

NOTE: For a more detailed discussion of Induction Lighting technology, please see our The Science
Behind EconoLux Induction Lamps and How EconoLux Induction Lamps Work publications,
available in our on-line library at www.EconoLuxIndustries.com

High I ntensity Discharge (HI D) Lamps:
While there are differences in each type of HID (Mercury Vapour, High Pressure Sodium
and Metal Halide) lamps, they all share a common principal of light production. An electrical
current, from a suitable ballast, is conducted into the interior of a discharge capsule (sometimes
called and arc tube) by means of electrodes. An arc is formed between the electrodes in the
discharge capsule which, in combination with the gas-fill and other elements present, produces
light. The discharge capsule (arc tube) is suspended in the center of a glass envelope (bulb) by
means of support wires which usually form part of the electrical circuit bringing current to the
electrodes. The bulb may be evacuated to help insulate the discharge capsule, or it may be filled
with an inert (noble) gas. The diagram on the next page gives a generalised schematic of a HID
type lamp.

The colour (wavelength) of the light emitted by the
HID lamps, depends primarily on the combination of the
gas fill and the other elements in the discharge tube:
Mercury Vapour (MV) lamps: use mercury and argon
gas confined in a central discharge tube/capsule made
of fused quartz. The central tube is mounted within a
larger envelope made of glass, which may be clear or
coated with phosphors on the inside. The outer glass
envelope provides protection from UV emissions and
thermal insulation of the discharge tube. Tungsten
electrodes, protruding through the walls of the
discharge tube, carry an electrical current from the
ballast. The current causes the mercury vapour to
become ionized creating an electrical arc which emits
light with a characteristic blue green colour. In lamps
with phosphor coatings on the inside of the glass bulb,
the colour of the light appears closer to white since
some of the UV light is up-converted by the
phosphors into other colours which are lacking in the
main discharge. When the lamp first starts, it appears
to be a dark blue colour as only a small amount of the mercury is ionized at first. As the
lamp warms up, the pressure in the discharge tube/capsule increases causing the mercury
emission bands to broaden slightly producing light that appears whiter to the human eye.
If the lamp is turned off, or the power fails, the lamp can not be re-lit until the discharge
tube has cooled - it is not a hot re-strike type of lamp.
High Pressure Sodium (HPS) lamps: use an internal discharge tube/capsule, typically
made of translucent aluminium oxide (alumina), located inside a glass outer envelope. The
internal discharge capsule is made of alumina due to the high chemical activity and heat
generated within the tube. The discharge tube contains a mixture of mercury and sodium
with a xenon gas fill. Electrodes protrude through the walls of the outer glass envelope
and into the arc tube to bring current to the interior of the lamp. HPS lamps are first lit by a
short, high voltage, spike supplied by the ballast, and then glow a dull orange colour. As
the lamp warms up, it will transition through a phase where the light appears whitish as
the mercury is fully vaporized but the sodium is not yet fully vaporized. Once the sodium
is fully vaporized, the lamps produce a characteristic pinkish/orange colour. The
spectrum emitted by the HPS lamps is wider due to the very high pressure created in the
discharge tube which broadens the emission lines of the sodium, and the emissions from
the mercury also contribute some blue and green to the light output. Some HPS lamps
have a phosphor coating on the interior of the outer glass envelope to further broaden the
output spectrum. If the lamp is turned off, or the power fails, the lamp can not be re-lit
until the discharge tube has cooled - it is not a hot re-strike type of lamp.
Metal Halide (MH) lamps: use a high-pressure mixture of argon gas, mercury, and a
variety of metal halides such as sodium/scandium. The mixture of halides will affect the
nature of the light produced, by making the light output redder or bluer. Some MH lamps
are coated with phosphors on the inner wall of the glass envelope to further improve the
output spectrum and to diffuse the light. The MH lamps are started by a high voltage
pulse from the ballast which ionizes the argon gas. The heat produced by the ionized gas
vaporises the mercury and metal halides in the discharge/arc tube. As the lamp warms
up, the temperature and pressure in the arc tube increase producing more light and a
wider spectrum. Towards the end of their life, the intense heat and chemical activity can
weaken the arc tube and the lamp may explode causing a fire hazard. For this reason,
most manufacturers recommend that MH lamps be installed in an enclosed fixture. If the
lamp is turned off, or the power fails, the lamp can not be re-lit until the discharge tube has

cooled - it is not a hot re-strike type of lamp unless it is equipped with a type of ballast that
provides a hot re-strike function.
All three types of HID lamps produce a large amount of heat during operation which is
generally carried away by convention of the air around the lamps. Thus they do not use heat-
sinks for cooling. The heat produced by HID lamps can be an added hidden energy cost when
they are operated indoors or in an air-conditioned space, as extra energy must be used to
remove the heat. This is called the thermal load of the lights.

NOTE: For more information on thermal load, please see our The Science Behind EconoLux Induction
Lamps publication, available in our on-line library at www.EconoLuxIndustries.com

HI D Ballasts:
Just as with the Induction lamps, HID lamps require a ballast to
provide the correct voltage and current to the lamp. The most
common, and lowest cost HID ballast type, is the Core & Coil
ballast (see photo at left). This is essentially a current limiting
transformer which provides the correct voltage and amperage to the
lamp. These core & coil ballasts are not very energy efficient as they
convert between 10% and 17.5% of the power supplied to the lamp
into heat. Thus a 400W Metal halide lamp will actually consume
475W of energy. The additional 75W is energy lost in the ballast
(usually manifested as heat) is referred to as ballast overhead.
Ballasts for HID lamps generally contain additional components such as a capacitor and/
or a starter circuit. A high voltage, or high amperage, energy pulse is usually required to
initially ionize the gas within the discharge capsule of the lamp to create a path for current flow
between the electrodes.
Recently, electronic ballasts for HID lamps have become available. These replace the
Core & Coil with sold state components to regulate the power to the lamp, produce the start-
pulse, etc. These ballasts are still not widely used as they are usually more costly than the core
& coil type, but they are being phased in slowly.

I nduction Lamps Vs. HI D Lamps:
While induction lamp technology has matured in the last several years, it is often
overlooked or underutilized in lighting applications since none of the major lighting
manufacturers promote induction lamps in any significant way. HID lighting technology is
well known, ubiquitous and cheap as it is an older technology that has been available for
decades. However, because it is an older technology, it is generally not as energy efficient as
other technologies available on the market.
We will begin by making some general comparisons between the light levels and energy
consumption of the various HID lamps and induction lighting technology. We will then analyse
some real-world examples of replacing a 400W HID high-bay fixture, with a 200W Induction
lighting high-bay fixture.
This paper presumes that the reader is familiar with such terms and concepts as ballast
overhead, CRI, Power Factor (Cos-Phi), S/P Ratio, and Visually Effective Lumens
(VEL). For readers who are not familiar with these terms and concepts, please see our The
Science Behind EconoLux Induction Lamps publication, available in our on-line library at
www.EconoLuxIndustries.com

Energy efficiency and CRI :
The major difference between induction lighting and HID lighting (other than lifespan), is
in conversion efficiency (energy utilization) and the Colour rendering Index (CRI) of the lamps.
Conversion efficiency is a measurement of the amount of light a lamp produces for a given
amount of energy and is measured in Lumens per Watt - Lumens/Watt or L/W.
Induction lamps have a conversion efficiency ranging from 65 L/W in low wattage (8~20
W internal inductor types) to 90 L/W in the high wattage lamps (300~400 W external
inductor models).
[1]
Ongoing research will see some small improvements in these
numbers. The typical CRI of a 5000K induction lamps is 80~82
Mercury Vapour lamps have a conversion efficiency of between 25 L/W in low wattage
models (35 W) and 57.3 L/W in high wattage models (1000 W). The typical CRI of an MV
lamp is 22 with phosphor coated models typically having a CRI of 43.
High Pressure Sodium lamps have a conversion efficiency of between 39.1 L/W in low
wattage models (50 W) and 94.7 L/W in high wattage models (400 W). The typical CRI of
an HPS lamp is 21 with phosphor coated models typically having a CRI of 32.
Metal Halide lamps have a conversion efficiency of between 70 L/W in low wattage
models (175 W) and 96.3 L/W in high wattage models (1500 W). The typical CRI of an
HPS lamp is 65 with phosphor coated models typically having a CRI of 70.

When considering commercial/industrial lighting and using a 200W lighting fixture as an
example, the induction lamp version has a conversion efficiency of 82.5 L/W, while the HID
equivalent will have a conversion efficiency in the range of 41.4~74.5 L/W. The EconoLux
Induction Lamp fixture will produce 16,500 lumens of light, while the HID version will produce
between 8,280 and 14,900 Lumens of light depending on the type of HID lamp used in the
lighting fixture.
Comparison of Light Output, Electrical Energy Consumption and Power Costs
Light Type: 200W MV 200W HPS 200W MH
200W
Induction
Nominal wattage (Watts): 200 W 200 W 200 W 200 W
Total actual wattage (Ballast included)*
[1]
: 232 W 232 W 232 W 204 W
Ballast/Power Supply overhead (Watts): 32 W 32 W 32 W 4 W
Conversion efficiency (Lumens/Watt): 36.2 L/W 79.2 L/W 61.6 L/W 82.5 L/W
Light output (Lumens - Lamp only): 7,240 L 15,840 L 12,320 L 16,500 L
Colour Temperature (Kelvin): 5,900 K 2,100 K 4,700 K 6,500 K
Colour Rendering Index (CRI): 22 21 65 81
S/P Ratio (from chart): 0.80 0.62 1.49 1.96
Output corrected for VEL (VEL): 5,792 VEL* 9,820 VEL* 18,356 VEL* 32,340 VEL*
Energy savings (Watts): 28 W
Cost for 100 hours operation (at $0.10/kWh $): $2.32 $2.32 $ 2.32 $ 2.04
*Note: A difference of +/- 10 to 15% in light levels is barely perceptible to the human eye - VEL figures rounded up/down to
nearest whole number. HID ballast overhead averaged at 16%. Clear type HID lamps compared above - results will differ using
Phosphor coated HID lamps.
0 (baseline compared to induction)
The Induction Lamp produces between 9.7% and 49.8% and 57.5% more light than the HID
fixtures for the same amount of energy input. This is only taking meter lumens as measured
with a standard light meter into consideration. Once the correction factor for S/P ratio is
applied, the Visually Effective Lumens (VEL) numbers will have an even greater difference.
The table (previous page) provides a quick comparison between a 200W EconoLux
Induction lamp and 200W versions of the three main types of HID lamps. Since the conversion
efficiency of the HID lamps varies according to the type of technology used (MV, HPS, MH), and
not all HID lamps are available in 200W models, a more accurate comparison will be provided in
the real world examples further on in this paper.
As we can see from the table (previous page), the 200W Induction Lamp produces 43.2%
more light than its brightest competitor (metal halide) for the same nominal wattage, while
saving 28W and thus using 12% less energy than the MH light, and providing a higher CRI.
While a savings of $0.28 per 100 hours may not seem like much, over the lifetimes of the fixture,
or many fixtures in an installation, the savings can be significant - and these savings do not even
consider the cost of maintenance (replacement lamps and labour).
Since the Magnetic Induction Lamp is producing significantly more light than the HID
lamps, one can use a lower wattage Induction Lamp, where the light output is comparable to the
HID light, to further increase energy savings. The table (below) compares the 200W Induction
lamp, to its brightest competitor the Metal halide lamp, using an example of a 400W HM lamp.

In this comparison, the Induction Lamp is producing only 19.6% less light than the MH
fixture ( a difference of +/- 10% to 15% in light levels is barely perceptible to the human eye), but
the induction lamp is saving 56% percent in energy costs, and saving $2.60 per 100 hours of
operation (with a power cost of $0.10/kWh).
Comparison of Light Output, Electrical Energy and Power Costs - 400W/200W
Light Type:
400W Metal
Halide
200W
Induction
Nominal wattage (Watts): 400 W 200 W
Total actual wattage (Ballast included)
[1]
: 468 W 204 W
Ballast/Power Supply overhead (Watts): 68 W 4 W
Conversion efficiency (Lumens/Watt): 74.6 L/W 82.7 L/W
Light output (Lumens): 29,840 L 16,540 L
Colour Temperature (Kelvin): 4,700K 5,000K
S/P Ratio (from chart): 1.49 2.22
Output corrected for VEL (VEL): 38,001 VEL* 31,738 VEL*
Light output increase/decrease (%): 0% (Base) -19.6%*
Energy savings (Watts / %): 0W / 0% (Base) 264W / 56.4%
Energy cost for 100 hours operation (at $0.10/kWh $): $4.64 $2.04
* Note: A difference of +/- 10 to 15% in light levels is barely perceptible to the human eye - VEL figures rounded up/down
to nearest whole number. HID ballast overhead from manufacturers data sheet. Clear type HID lamps compared above -
results will differ using Phosphor coated HID lamps.
Lifespan:
The next major factor to take into consideration is the operational longevity (lifespan) of
the two types of technologies, Induction and HID. The chart (above) shows the typical expected
lifespan for the most frequently used types of commercial/industrial lamp types.
Internal Inductor lamps generally have a lifespan of between 60,000 and 75,000 hours of
operation. Since the External inductor types have greater conversion efficiency and longer
lifespan, we will focus primarily on that type. External Inductor lamps generally have a lifespan
of 85,000 to 100,000 hours (depending on type and model). HID lamps have an average
lifespan of between 8,750 hours (Metal Halide), 20,000 hours (Mercury Vapour) and 22,000 hours
(High Pressure Sodium).
In this paper, lamp lifespan is considered as useful life, not merely the time span when the
lamp is outputting some light. In order to consider a lamps useful lifespan, we must also take
Lumen Maintenance into account. Lumen Maintenance is a measure of how well a lamp type
maintains its light output over its lifespan. As any light source ages, the Lumen output
declines - this is called Lumen Depreciation.
Lumen Maintenance, or Lumen Depreciation, information is usually published as Lumen
Maintenance Curves which will show when the lamp should be replaced. The graph (above)
shows the lumen maintenance curves for various commercial/industrial lighting technologies.
[1]
Experts recommend that lamps should be replaced once they have depreciated to 70% of
their initial output level.
[2]
While a drop in light output from a lamp of up to 15% is almost

imperceptible to the human eye, a drop in light output of between 15% and 30% is quite
noticeable to the human eye. In addition, some jurisdictions have regulations requiring certain
minimum lighting levels be maintained for various kinds of tasks. Once the light output from
any lamp falls below 70% of initial output, it may also fall below minimum output levels
required by regulations.
On the graph (previous page) the 70% lumen depreciation point is shown by a dashed red
line. We can see that for HID lamps, they reach that line at about 8,500 hours for Metal Halide,
about 15,000 hours for HPS and about 16,000 hours for Mercury Vapour. External Inductor
lamps reach the 70% line at around 85,000 hours - Magnetic Induction lamps last more than 80%
to 90% longer than HID lamps. Naturally, this is an approximation as the exact 70% lumen
depreciation point of the HID lamps, and the induction lamps will vary by make and model.
We can also see that light output from the HID lamps drops steeply after the 8,500 to
15,000 hour mark (depending on lamp type), while the EconoLux Induction Lamps are still
producing more than 60% of rated output at 90,000 hours. This means that the induction lamps
have a longer grace period for replacing aging lights as they reach the end of their lifespan.
Further, the HPS lamps have an annoying habit of strobing on and off when they reach end of
life, while the induction lamps decline gracefully and have no end-of-life strobing.
The useful lifespan of the two types of lighting, HID and Induction, has to be considered as
it affects maintenance costs. The faster lamps reach the 70% lumen depreciation point, the more
often they have to be replaced. In commercial and industrial lighting applications, re-lamping
can be tedious and expensive. In the case of lamps that are mounted in an industrial location,
equipment may have to be moved disrupting production, and often scaffolding, or a cherry
picker, has to be brought in to access the fixtures. Even in the case of exterior lighting, re-
lamping can cause interruptions in traffic flow and inconvenience workers and/or customers.
Based on the useful lifespan of the HID lamps (between
8,500 for MH and 16,000 for MV) compared to the useful
lifespan of Induction Lights (around 85,000 hours), HID lighting
fixtures will have a higher maintenance cost due to the
requirement to purchase replacement lamps and the cost of
labour to install the replacement lamps; compared to
purchasing one replacement lamp and ballast for the induction
lighting every 85,000 hours.

Acquisition (Purchase) Cost:
Having touched on the cost of maintenance, the cost of the initial purchase of the lighting
fixtures must also be considered.
HID lighting fixtures are ubiquitous thus there are many manufacturers offering products
in a wide range of prices. HID lamps are also mass produced and as a result are quite low cost.
Thus, the purchase price of HID lighting fixtures is usually much lower than induction lighting
fixtures, unless one is purchasing a very high quality HID fixture with electronic ballast.
Induction lamps use well established glass and coating technology with electronic ballasts
(similar to fluorescent lamp technology). Induction Lamp manufacturing costs are still higher
than HID lamps since there is a lot of labour involved, and HID lamps are generally made in
automated, or semi-automated, factories. Typically an induction lamp lighting fixture will cost
30% to 65% more than a a similar output HID based lighting fixture.
While that may seem a large cost difference, the savings in energy and maintenance more
than cover the additional cost of the purchase price. In fact, as we will see in later cost/benefit

analyses, the induction lighting fixtures often pay for themselves in less than 3 years. Once can
often afford to get a bank loan (if interest rates are low) to cover the cost of the induction lighting
upgrade, and pay it back in less than 4 years, while still pocketing monthly savings on power
and maintenance.
Street Lighting:
As energy costs increase, government and municipalities are seeking ways to reduce energy
consumption in public infrastructure. Street-lights operate anywhere from 7 hours to 12 hours per day,
and there are seasonal variations depending on the length of night time hours in the location. Reducing
energy consumption for street-lighting by as little as 10% can provide massive cost savings on a city or
area-wide basis.
The photo above shows a demonstration installation of induction streetlights in China. Both the
High Pressure Sodium street lights on the left of the photo, and the magnetic induction streetlights on the
right of the photo, are Type V (circular beam-spread pattern). The configurations is as follows:
Left Poles: A pair of older 250W High Pressure Sodium Lamp fixtures. Actual power
consumption 310W each (with ballast overhead) = 620W (.62 kWh) per pole.
Right Poles: The upper lamp over the main roadway is a 200W Induction lamp, while the lower
lamp over the side roadway is a 100W Induction lamp. Actual power consumption (Upper 210W +
Lower 105W [with ballast overhead]) = 315W (.315 kWh) per pole - almost half the power!
Operating the street lights for an average of 10 hours per day, the HPS lamps (on the left) will
consume 6.2 kWh of power per pole - the Induction Lamps (on the right) will consume 3.15 kWh of
power per pole - 49.2% less power. The maintenance costs (replacement lamps and labour) will also be
significantly less for the Induction lamps.
As you can see from the picture, the trees under the HPS street-lights on the left appear to be a
brown-orange colour, while the trees under the Induction Lamps on the right appear a natural green
colour. Looking at the roadway surface, the portion on the right hand side of the street appears brighter
and better lit than the part on the left side of the photo due to the high S/P ratio of the 5,000K magnetic
induction lamps.

Real-World Examples

As some real world examples, we will compare upgrading different types of HID high-bay
fixtures with a high-bay fixture using Induction Lighting. We will use the data provided on the
manufacturers specifications sheets and will perform additional calculations to determine
lighting levels, VEL, power consumption and other factors. We will also provide detailed
Return On Investment (ROI) analysis examples showing the payback and expected annual
savings on an example 50 fixture installation.
We have already established (in a previous table) that Induction lamps
can replace much higher wattages of HID lamps with functionally equivalent
light levels. Therefore, we will look at typical high wattage high-bay fixtures
used in commercial and industrial lighting applications, and consider
suitable Induction Lighting upgrades (such as the model shown in the photo
on the right) using 5,000K lamps with an S/P Ratio of 1.96.

High Pressure Sodium:
We will begin with an example of replacing a typical HID high-bay fixture using a 400W
HPS lamp, replacing it with a 200W Induction lamp:
Comparison - 400W High Pressure Sodium high-bay Vs. 200W Induction Lighting Fixture
[1]

Lighting Fixture Type:
400W High
Pressure Sodium
200W
Induction
Total actual wattage (Ballast/Power Supply included): 460 W 204 W
Conversion efficiency (Lumens/Watt - lamp only): 94.7 L/W 82.7 L/W
Light output (Manufacturers specifications in Lumens): 37,880 L 16,450.0 L
Fixture Efficiency (Ballast/Power Supply included - Lumens/Watt): 82.3 L/W 81.1 L/W
Colour Temperature (Kelvin):
2,100K 5,000K
Fixture Output corrected for VEL (VEL): 20,422 VEL* 31,783 VEL*
Light output increase/decrease (%): 0% (Base) +35.7%
* Note: A difference of +/- 10 to 15% in light levels is barely perceptible to the human eye - VEL figures rounded up/down to
nearest whole number. Ballast overhead and light output from manufacturers specification sheets.
Model Number: LHAL220-400-HPS EL-AHB-200W
Colour Rendering Index (CRI): 21 82
Actual Fixture Output (Lumens adjusted for Fixture Efficiency): 32,939 L 16,216 L
Energy Cost per Year (24/7 operation at $0.10/kWh $): $402.96 $178.70

As we can see from the table (previous page), the Induction Lighting fixture produces
about 17% more light using 55.7% less electrical power, and has a higher CRI providing a more
pleasant light with more accurate colour rendering.
Since the Induction lamp is producing 35% more light, more energy savings can be had by
using a 150W Induction Highbay fixture, which would produce 23,635 VEL or approximately
13.5% more VEL output than the HPS fixture, but with a 66% energy savings.

Lifespan and re-lamping
We have previously established, by means of the Lumen maintenance graph (page 8), that
the HPS lamps reach 70% lumen depreciation at around 15,000 hours; while the External
Inductor lamps reach the 70% line at around 85,000 hours. As discussed, this affects
maintenance costs of the fixture for purchasing replacement lamps and re-lamping labour
associated with changing the lamps.
The table below provides the costs involved in maintenance (replacement lamps and
labour to install them) for the two fixture types, HPS and Magnetic Induction. Note that we are
using NAFTA prices in US dollars for this comparison as those figures are readily available on
the internet:
Mercury Vapour:
Mercury Vapour lamps have fallen out of Favour due to being the lowest efficiency of HID
technology. In some jurisdictions MV lamps have been banned, or the time period for
purchasing MV lamps is limited, or MV lamps are no longer available and the authorities are
promoting upgrades to the more efficient HPS or Metal Halide lighting types.
None the less, there is still a large installed base of MV lamps so on the next page, we have
a table comparing energy savings gained from replacing a 400W Mercury Vapour High-bay
fixture, with a 200W, 5,000K, EconoLux Induction Lighting fixture.
Maintenance Comparison - 400W HPS Vs. 200W Induction Lighting Fixtures
[1]

400W
HPS
200W
Induction
Model Number: HLHAL220-400-HPS EL-AHB-200W
Nominal Wattage (Watts): 400 W 200 W
Manufacturers rated lamp life (Hours): 20,000 Hrs 95,000 Hrs
Lamp life before replacement (at 70% Lumen Depreciation - Hours): 15,000 Hrs 85,000 Hrs
Maintenance analysis period (years);
8 Years
(70,080 Hrs of 24/7 operation)
Number of lamp changes required during analysis period: 4.6 0
Cost of HPS replacement lamp (US$): $13.99* N/A
Cost of replacement Induction Lamp and Ballast: N/A $179.95*
Cost of re-lamping fixture (Electrician at $60/Hour): $20.00* $0.00*
Total Maintenance Costs over 8 years (Lamp and Labour)#: $156.35* $0.00*
Notes:
* Prices shown are in US Dollars (USD) - taxes not included. Prices current at time of writing but may have changed.
# Total maintenance costs do not include annual cleaning of the fixtures.
From the above table, we can see that the Mercury Vapour high-bay has a very low
efficiency. The Induction Lighting fixture produces about 50% more light using 56.2% less
electrical power, has a higher CRI, and provides a more pleasant light with more accurate
colour rendering.
If the space lit by the MV high-bay fixture was already bright enough (well lit), this
massive increase of over 50% in lighting levels will make the space over lit and is essentially
wasting energy. A better lighting upgrade would be to use a induction high-bay fixture with a
120W lamp. This gives us an even greater energy savings, and a faster payback period (see table
on next page).
Comparison - 400W Mercury Vapour High-bay Vs. 200W Induction Lighting Fixture
[1]

400W
Mercury Vapour
200W
Induction
Conversion efficiency (Lumens/Watt - lamp only): 66 L/W 82.5 L/W
Light output (Manufacturers specifications in Lumens): 23,000 L 16,500.0 L
Model Number: AL22O-400MV-4T EL-AHB-200W
The table above shows that using the 120W Induction Lamp fixture, produces about 15%
more light using 73.7% less electrical power, has a higher CRI and provides a more pleasant
light, more accurate colour rendering with enhanced energy savings.

Metal Halide:
Many installations have switched from HPS lamps to Metal Halide (MH) lamps due to the
whiter output from the MH fixtures compared to the pink/orange light produced by the HPS
fixtures. MH lamps offer a higher Kelvin and a CRI of 65 (compared to 21 for HPS lamps) thus
somewhat better colour rendering - at the expense of much shorter lamp lifespan compared to
HPS. This is especially true in commercial/retail applications where the white light from MH
lamps is more desirable than the light from HPS lamps which are more commonly found in
warehouses, security and parking/street lighting applications.
Since the Metal Halide lamps have a higher Kelvin and thus a higher S/P ratio, a 200W
induction lamp can replace a 400W MH lamp, but with a noticeable decrease of 19.6% in VEL.
Thus a 250W Induction Lamp has to be used to more closely match the light levels.
The table on the following page compares the replacement of a 400W Metal Halide high-
bay fixture, with a 250W Induction Lamp high-bay fixture.
Comparison - 400W Mercury Vapour High-bay Vs. 120W Induction Lighting Fixture
[1]

400W
Mercury Vapour
120W
Induction
Total actual wattage (Ballast/Power Supply included): 466 W 122.5 W
Conversion efficiency (Lumens/Watt - lamp only): 66 L/W 81 L/W
Light output (Manufacturers specifications in Lumens): 23,000 L 9,720 L
Energy savings (Watts / %): 0W / 0% (Base) 343.5W / 73.7%
Model Number: AL22O-400MV-4T EL-AHB-120W
Ballast/Power Supply overhead (Watts): 66 W 2.5 W
The table above shows that using the 250W Induction fixture, produces only 3% more
light (which is not perceptible to the human eye) using 44.4% less electrical power. The
Induction Fixture has a higher CRI and provides a more pleasant light with more accurate
colour rendering.
However, the Induction Lighting fixture offers additional advantages. Due to the steep
lumen decline of Metal Halide lamps, the figures shown are for a new MH lamps. One can
expect to replace the MH lamps about every 8,000 hours thus the Induction lamp will save the
cost of about 9 replacement MH lamps (over a 10 year lifespan) plus the labour for re-lamping.
In addition, the MH lamps tend to become yellower as they age (making is obvious which lamps
are older in a multi-fixture installation), while the colour balance of the induction lamps does not
change over their lifespan.

Total Cost of Ownership (TCO):
When considering replacing conventional lighting fixtures, with energy efficient lighting
fixtures, one should consider Total Cost of Ownership (TCO). TCO takes into account the cost
of the initial purchase and installation of the fixture, the cost of energy to operate the fixture, and
the cost of maintenance (re-lamping and labour) over the useful lifespan of the fixture.
The tables on the following pages, show a complete analysis of the upgrades to EconoLux
Induction Lamps for the previous scenarios with HID lamps (MV, HPS & MH). These analysis
include not only the light output levels and power savings as shown in the previous tables, but
Comparison - 400W Metal Halide High-bay Vs. 250W Induction Lighting Fixture
[1]

400W
Metal Halide
250W
Induction
Conversion efficiency (Lumens/Watt - lamp only): 75 L/W 83 L/W
Light output (Manufacturers specifications in Lumens): 30,000 L 20,750 L
Light output increase/decrease (%): 0% (Base) +3%
Model Number: HH400A22PSQ EL-AHB-250W
also the cost of fixture purchase and installation so as to provide total cost of ownership (TCO)
over the expected 10 year lifespan of the induction lamps.
At the end of each table, there is a Payback section using an example installation of a 50
fixtures, operated 24/7, which is not an uncommon mode in industrial and some commercial
applications. The payback section uses the monthly savings per fixture to indicate how many
months it will take to payback the cost of the induction lighting fixtures from power and
maintenance savings (in months). Naturally, there will still be power costs for the induction
lighting fixtures after that time period, but those will be considerably reduced compared to the
cost associated with the HID fixtures.
The tables use North American (NAFTA) prices for fixture and lamps costs, as well as for
re-lamping labour and installation costs. These tables are based on an power cost of $0.12 (US
dollars) per kWh which is typical for large scale commercial and industrial NAFTA rates.
Naturally, if your power costs are over $0.12 (US dollars) per kWh, the savings would be greater
and thus the payback period would be shorter. The tables also presume that the cost of power
will remain at $0.12/kWh for the 10 year analysis period, an unlikely scenario with ever
increasing power costs. Similarly, the cost of re-lamping labour over the 10 year period is the
same and is not adjusted for increases in labour costs. The tables are meant as a guideline as an
actual cost/benefit and TCO analysis would have to take exact power, labour and lamp costs,
adjusted for expected increases, into account. Unfortunately, there are large and comprehensive
tables, thus they have to be presented with smaller text, and split across two pages.
Real World Example - Wallpacks
The photo above shows a comparison of two Wallpack type fixtures - commonly used for perimeter,
exterior security, and underpass lighting.
Left: A 70W High Pressure Sodium (HPS) lamp. The wattmeter (insert) shows that with the ballast
included, it is actually consuming 119W of power. The 70W HPS lamp is rated at 74.5 L/W thus it is
producing 5,215 meter Lumens. When adjusted for the S/P ratio of 0.62, the lamp is producing 3,233 VEL
Right: A 40W, 5000K, Induction Lamp. The wattmeter (insert) shows that with the ballast included, it
is actually consuming 46W of power. The 40W Induction lamp is rated at 73 L/W thus it is producing
2,920 meter Lumens. When adjusted for the S/P ratio of 1.96, the induction lamp is producing 5,723 VEL.
The EconoLux induction lamp produces 43.5% more light useful to human vision (VEL), while
consuming 61% less energy!

400W High Pressure Sodium Highbay Vs. EconoLux 200W Induction Highbay

PARAMETERS HPS Fixture Induction Fixture Unit

Fixture Name/Wattage - 400W Highbay ALHB-200 Model
Fixture/Lamp Type - 400W HPS 200W Induction Lamps
Nominal Fixture Wattage (Watts) - 400 200 W
Colour Rendering Index (CRI) - 21 80~82 CRI
Average Rated Lamp Life (Hours) - 20,000 95,000 Hours

Actual Power Consumption (Watts) - 460.0 204.0 W
Actual Ballast Overhead (Watts) - 60 4 W
Kilowatt Hours of Power Used (KW/Hr) - 0.460 0.204 kWh
Energy Savings (Watts) - 0 (Reference) 256 Watts
Energy Savings (%) - 0 (Reference) 55.7 %

Lumens Per Watt (L/W) - 94.7 82.7 L/W
Lumen Output (Meter Lumens ) - 37,880 16,540 Lumens
Actual Lumens/Watt (ballast overhead included) - 82.3 81.1 L/W
Lumen Output (adjusted for fixture efficiency) - 32,939 16,216 Lumens
Scotopic/Photopic Ratio (S/P Ratio) - 0.62 1.96 S/P
Visually Effective Lumens - 20,422 31,783 VEL/PL
Light Level Difference (Increase/decrease %) - 0 (Reference) 35.7 %

HPS Lamp life in Months (1 month = 730 Hrs) - 13.7 N/A Months
Induction Lamp Life in Months (1 month = 730 Hrs) - N/A 130.1 Months
Maintenance analysis period 10 years (Months) - 120 120 Months
Number of HPS Re-Lamps Required - 8.8 N/A Lamps
Cost Of Replacement HPS lamp (NO Tax $) - $13.99 N/A $
Number of Induction Re-Lamps Required - N/A 0 Induction
Cost of Induction lamp (NO Tax $) - N/A $129.95 $
Total Cost of Lamps required ($) - $122.54 $0.00 $
Labour Cost per re-lamp Cycle (Labour at $15/hr - ($) - $5.00 $15.00 $
Cost of re-Lamping Labour ($) - $43.80 $0.00 $
Total Maintenance Costs (Lamps and Labour - $) - $166.34 $0.00 $
Maintenance savings During Analysis period ($) - 0 (Reference) $166.34 $
P
Operating Costs Analysis Period (10 years in Months) - 120 120 Months
Cost of Power Per Kilowatt Hour ($) - $0.120 $0.120 $
Actual Fixture Power Consumption - KW/Hr) - 0.460 0.204 kWh
Cost Of Power per Hour of operation ($) - $0.055 $0.024 $
Cost of power 24/7 for one month (1 month = 730 Hours - $) - $40.30 $17.87 $
Total Cost of Power Over Analysis Period ($) - $4,835.52 $2,144.45 $
Electrical Power Savings ($) - 0 (Reference) $2,691.07 $
Power Savings Percentage (%) - 0 (Reference) 55.7 %
Total Maintenance Costs (Lamps and Labour ($) - $166.34 $0.00 $
Total Cost of Power & Maintenance over 10 years ($) - $5,001.86 $2,144.45 $
Total Power & Maintenance Savings over Analysis period ($) - 0 (Reference) $2,2857.41 $
G
E
N
E
R
A
L

E
L
E
C
T
R
I
C
A
L

O
P
T
I
C
A
L

R
E
-
L
A
M
P
I
N
G

C
O
S
T
S

P
O
W
E
R

&

M
A
I
N
T
E
N
A
N
C
E

C
O
S
T
S

HIGHBAY- 400W High Pressure Sodium Highbay Vs. EconoLux 200W Induction Highbay

PARAMETERS HPS Fixture Induction Fixture Unit

Operating Costs Analysis Period of 10 Years (Months) - 120 120 Months
Retail Cost of Fixture (NO Tax) ($) - $183.00 $495.00 $
Installation Labour ($) - $30.00 $30.00 $
Cost of Installed Fixture ($) - $213.00 $525.00 $
Cost of Power & Maintenance over Analysis Period ($) - $5,5,001.86 $2,144.45 $
Cost of Installation and Operation of One (1) fixture over
10 years (120 months - $) -
$5,214.86 $2,669.45 TCO $
Monthly Cost of Ownership ($) - $43.46 $22.25 $
Savings Per Month ($) - 0 (Reference) $21.20 $

Cost of Installation and Operation in Analysis Period of 10
Years ($/fixture) -
$5,214.86 $2,699.45 TCO $
Savings Calculation - Number of fixtures - 50 Fixture(s) #
Savings Per Fixture /Per Month ($) - $21.21
Per Fixture/
Month
$
Total Savings per month ($) - $1,060.59
Monthly savings
on 50 Fixtures
$
Total Savings per year ($) - $12,727.04
Annual Savings on
50 Fixtures
$
Payback period (Months) - 0 (Reference) 24.8 Months
Fixture Name/Wattage -
400W HPS
Highbay
ALHB-200
Induction
Model
C
O
S
T

O
F

O
W
N
E
R
S
H
I
P

P
A
Y
B
A
C
K

From the above table, we can determine that replacing 50, 400W HPS high-bay fixtures in
our example installation, will pay for itself in 25 months - less time if power costs are over $0.12/
kWh. However, the light level produced by the Induction Lighting upgrade is more than 35%
brighter, so we can try a similar analysis using the next available lowest wattage Induction
Lamp, 150W, in order to save additional energy, and shorten the payback period.

PARAMETERS HPS Fixture
Induction
Fixture
Unit

HPS Highbay
400W
EconoLux
ALHB-150W
Model
Fixture/Lamp Type - 400W HPS 150W Induction Lamps

O
Lumens Per Watt (L/W) - 94.7 82 L/W
Actual Lumen Output (adjusted for fixture efficiency) - 32,939 12,059 Lumens
Scotopic/Photopic Ratio (S/P Ratio) - 0.62 1.96 S/P

HPS Lamp life in Months (1 month = 730 Hrs) - 13.7 N/A Months
Number of HPS Re-Lamps Required - 8.8 N/A Lamps
Cost Of Replacement HPS lamp (NO Tax $) - $13.99 N/A $
Labour Cost per re-lamp Cycle (Labour at $15/hr - $) - $5.00 $15.00 $

Operating Costs Analysis Period (10 Years in Months) - 120 120 Months
Cost of power 24/7 for one month (1 month = 730 Hrs - $) - $40.30 $13.40 $
G
E
N
E
R
A
L

E
L
E
C
T
R
I
C
A
L

O
P
T
I
C
A
L

R
E
-
L
A
M
P
I
N
G

C
O
S
T
S

P
O
W
E
R

&

M
A
I
N
T
E
N
A
N
C
E

C
O
S
T
S


PARAMETERS HPS Fixture
Induction
Fixture
Unit
400W HPS
Highbay
EconoLux
ALHB-150
Model

Operating Costs Analysis Period (Months) - 120 120 Months
Cost of Power & Maintenance over Analysis Period ($) - $5,001.86 $1,608.34 $
Cost of Installation and Operation of 1 fixture over 10 years ($) - $5,214.86 $2,123.34 TCO $
P
Years ($/fixture) -
$5,214.86 $2,123.34 TCO $
Per Fixture/
Month
$
Monthly savings
on 50 Fixtures
$
Annual Savings
on 50 Fixtures
$
C
O
S
T

O
F

O
W
N
E
R
S
H
I
P

P
A
Y
B
A
C
K

From the above table, we can determine that replacing 50, 400W HPS high-bay fixtures in
our example installation, with 150W Induction Lighting, will pay for itself in 20 months - less
time if power costs are over $0.12/kWh. The light levels produced by the 150W fixtures are
functionally equivalent as they are about 13% brighter (a light level difference of +/- 12.5% to
15% is barely perceptible to the human eye), and colour rendering will be much better.
However, with this approach, we save over 66% in energy costs (as well as maintenance
costs), and shorten the payback period from 25 months to 20 months compared to using 200W
Induction Lamp fixtures.

The table on the next page shows the analysis for upgrading a 400W generic Mercury
Vapour high-bay fixture, with a 200W, 5000K Induction Lamp based high-bay fixture:
400W Mercury Vapour Generic Highbay Vs. EconoLux 200W Induction Highbay

PARAMETERS MV Fixture
Induction
Fixture
Unit

Mercury
Vapour 400W
EconoLux
ALHB-200W
Model
Fixture/Lamp Type - 400W MV
200W
Induction
Lamps


Lumens Per Watt (L/W) - 66 82.5 L/W
Scotopic/Photopic Ration (S/P Ratio) - 0.8 1.96 S/P

Mercury Vapour Lamp life in Months (1 month = 730 Hrs) - 13.7 N/A Months
Number of MV Re-Lamps Required - 8.8 N/A Lamps
Cost Of Replacement MV lamp (NO Tax $) - $18.80 N/A $

Operating Costs Analysis Period (10 Years in Months) - 120 120 Months
G
E
N
E
R
A
L

E
L
E
C
T
R
I
C
A
L

O
P
T
I
C
A
L

R
E
-
L
A
M
P
I
N
G

C
O
S
T
S

P
O
W
E
R

&

M
A
I
N
T
E
N
A
N
C
E

C
O
S
T
S


Induction
Fixture
Unit
400W MV
Highbay
EconoLux
ALHB-200W
Model


Years ($/fixture) -
$5,320.06 $2,669.45 TCO $
Per Fixture/
Month
$
Monthly savings
on 50 fixtures
$
Annual Savings
on 50 fixtures
$
C
O
S
T

O
F

O
W
N
E
R
S
H
I
P

P
A
Y
B
A
C
K

Again, the table shows a considerable energy and maintenance savings by upgrading the
Mercury Vapour Fixtures to Induction Lighting fixtures with a 24 month payback. However, as
previously mentioned, the Induction Lighting is much more energy efficient producing more
than 50% more light output so the area would be over-lit.
The table on the next page shows the optimum replacement of the 400W Mercury Vapour
fixtures with 120W Induction Lighting fixtures which will produce functionally equivalent
lighting levels:

Induction
Fixture
Unit

Mercury
Vapour 400W
EconoLux
ALHB-120W
Model
Fixture/Lamp Type - 400W MV 120W Induction Lamps

Actual Ballast Overhead (Watts) - 66 2.5 W
Energy Savings (Watts) - 0 (Reference) 343.5 Watts

Lumens Per Watt (L/W) - 66 81 L/W

Mercury Vapour Lamp life in Months (1 month = 730 Hrs) - 13.7 N/A Months
Number of MV Re-Lamps Required - 8.8 N/A Lamps
Cost Of Replacement MH lamp (NO Tax $) - $18.80 N/A $

G
E
N
E
R
A
L

E
L
E
C
T
R
I
C
A
L

O
P
T
I
C
A
L

R
E
-
L
A
M
P
I
N
G

C
O
S
T
S

P
O
W
E
R

&

M
A
I
N
T
E
N
A
N
C
E

C
O
S
T
S


PARAMETERS MV Fixture Induction Fixture Unit

MV Highbay
400W
EconoLux
ALHB-120W
Model
Fixture/Lamp Type - 400W MV 120W Induction Lamps

Installation Labour (Labour ar $30/Hr - $) - $30.00 $30.00 $

Years ($/fixture) -
$5,320.06 $1,782.72 TCO $
Per Fixture/
Month
$
Monthly savings
on 50 fixtures
$
Annual Savings
on 50 Fixtures
$
C
O
S
T

O
F

O
W
N
E
R
S
H
I
P

P
A
Y
B
A
C
K

From the above table, we can determine that replacing 50, 400W Mercury Vapour HID
high-bay fixtures in our example installation, with 120W Induction Lighting will pay for itself in
17 months - less time if power costs are over $0.12/kWh. The light levels produced by the 120W
fixtures are functionally equivalent as they are just over 15% brighter (a light level difference of
+/- 12.5% to 15% is barely perceptible to the human eye), and the colour rendering in the space
will be much better.
However, with this approach, we save over 73% in energy costs (as well as maintenance
cost savings), and shorten the payback period from 24 months to 17 months compared to using
200W Induction Lamp fixtures.

The table on the next page shows the analysis for replacing a 400W generic Metal Halide
high-bay fixture with a 200W Induction Lamp based high-bay fixture. As shown in the previous
summary tables, this is not the ideal replacement, but it is presented here to provide a complete
set of comparisons:
400W Metal Halide Generic Highbay Fixture Vs. EconoLux 200W Induction Highbay

PARAMETERS MH Fixture
Induction
Fixture
Unit

Metal Halide
Highbay 400W
EconoLux
ALHB-200W
Model
Fixture/Lamp Type - 400W MH
200W
Induction
Lamps


Lumens Per Watt (L/W) - 74.6 82.7 L/W
Light Level Difference (Increase/decrease %) - 0 (Reference) -19.6 %

Metal Halide Lamp life in Months (1 month = 730 Hrs) - 13.7 N/A Months
Number of MH Re-Lamps Required - 8.8 N/A Lamps

G
E
N
E
R
A
L

E
L
E
C
T
R
I
C
A
L

O
P
T
I
C
A
L

R
E
-
L
A
M
P
I
N
G

C
O
S
T
S

P
O
W
E
R

&

M
A
I
N
T
E
N
A
N
C
E

C
O
S
T
S

400W Metal Halide Generic Highbay Fixture Vs. EconoLux 200W Induction Highbay

Induction
Fixture
Unit

400W Metal
Halide
EconoLux
ALHB-200W
Model
Fixture/Lamp Type - 400W MH 200W Induction Lamps


Years ($/fixture) -
$5,341.08 $2,669.45 TCO $
Per Fixture/
Month
$
Monthly savings
on 50 fixtures
$
Annual Savings
on 50 fixtures
$
C
O
S
T

O
F

O
W
N
E
R
S
H
I
P

P
A
Y
B
A
C
K

While replacing a 400W Metal Halide fixture with a 200W Induction Lamp fixture is
feasible, saves over 56% in energy costs, saves on re-lamping and maintenance costs, and has a
payback of 24 months - the light level difference of 19.6% is likely to be noticeable.
However, unless the Metal Halide fixtures have been re-lamped in the last couple of
months, the light level difference is likely to be far less noticeable since the MH lamps have a
very steep rate of lumen decline (see chart on page 8). There is an argument to be made that the
200W Induction fixtures will be perfectly satisfactory and will provide functionally equivalent
light levels given the fast lumen depreciation of the MH lamps.
Since it is desirable to match the light levels as closely as possible, the usual approach is to
upgrade 400W MH lamps to 250W Induction Lamp fixtures - see table on next page:
400W Metal Halide Vs. EconoLux 250W Induction Highbay

Induction
Fixture
Unit

Metal Halide
Highbay 400W
EconoLux
ALHB-250W
Model
Fixture/Lamp Type - 400W MH
250W
Induction
Lamps

Actual Ballast Overhead (Watts) - 59.0 5 W

Lumens Per Watt (L/W) - 75 83 L/W

Metal Halide Lamp life in Months (1 month = 730 Hrs) - 13.7 N/A Months
Number of MH Re-Lamps Required - 8.8 N/A Lamps

G
E
N
E
R
A
L

E
L
E
C
T
R
I
C
A
L

O
P
T
I
C
A
L

R
E
-
L
A
M
P
I
N
G

C
O
S
T
S

P
O
W
E
R

&

M
A
I
N
T
E
N
A
N
C
E

C
O
S
T
S

400W Metal Halide Vs. EconoLux 250W Induction Highbay

Induction
Fixture
Unit

400W Metal
Halide Highbay
EconoLux
ALHB-250W
Model
Fixture/Lamp Type - 400W MH 200W Induction Lamps


Years ($/fixture) -
$5,274.42 $3,220.56 TCO $
Per Fixture/
Month
$
Total Savings per month ($) - $855.77
Monthly savings
on 50 fixtures
$
Annual Savings
on 50 fixtures
$
C
O
S
T

O
F

O
W
N
E
R
S
H
I
P

P
A
Y
B
A
C
K

Upgrading the 400W Metal Halide fixture with a 250W Induction Lamp fixture does
increase the cost and power consumption slightly - but gives a 3% increase in light levels to
provide functionally equivalent lighting. This approach still saves over 44% in energy, offers
additional re-lamping and maintenance costs, and still has a payback of only 32 months.
Specialized I nduction Lamps
HID lamps, such as Metal Halide and High pressure Sodium lamps are also used extensively in
Agricultural applications (growing plants). These lamps are used either as a replacement for natural light, or
as a supplement to natural light to extend the growing day, allowing crops to reach maturity faster, which
reduces crop cycle times and increases yields. As with HID lamps used in conventional lighting
applications, HID lamps used for plant/grow lighting also suffer from high energy consumption and shorter
lifespan than Magnetic Induction Lamps. They also have additional drawbacks, such has high heat
production. This can increase the cost of operations for a greenhouse as the high heat increases
evaporation, which may require the plants to be watered more frequently. The greenhouse can incur
additional energy and equipment costs for ventilation and/or cooling. In addition, the high heat output
requires mounting the lamps further away from the plants, thus more power is needed to insure the plants
get adequate light levels.
Perhaps the biggest drawback to using HID lamps for agriculture, is that these lamps do not produce
the ideal spectrum for growing plants. Plants primarily need high energy blue light and lower energy red
light; they make very little use of green light which is mostly reflected (which is why plants look green).
The spectrum of light typically used by plants lies between 360 nanometers (UVA/deep blue) and 700
nanometers (deep red). This wavelength region is known as Photosynthetically Active Radiation or PAR.
[3]
Within that 360~700 manometer (nm) region, various pigments within the plants have peak absorption
of differing amounts and at different wavelengths (colours). The various absorption peaks can be averaged
into an overall light absorption curve showing the spectrum of light most plants need. This curve is called
the PAR curve.
The graph on the right has the PAR curve
(the plants light absorption curve) shown as a
dashed dark blue line. This has been overlaid
with the spectral output curves of various
types of HID lamps used in plant growing
applications. You will note that all of the
HID spectra are very spiky and do not match
the PAR curve. They are not really providing
the proper spectrum and light energy that the
plants need to thrive.
EconoLux Industries has devoted two
years of R&D to creating specialized induction
lamps, with an output spectrum which closely
matches the PAR curve. These lamps also provide the benefits of lower energy use, long lifespan, and a low
heat signature (less heat production).
The graph on the left again shows the
PAR curve as a dashed dark blue line. This
is overlaid with the output spectra of the
EconoLux ELPL series of plant/grow
induction lamps. EconoLux offers three
different types of these induction lamps, the
GP type is for general purpose applications,
the VG type is for growing vegetative plants
which need more blue that red light, and the
FL type is for growing budding/flowering/
fruiting plants which require more red than
blue light.
You will note that all three types of
the ELPL series of induction plant/grow lights offer a much closer match to the PAR curve than any of the
HID lamps shown in the previous graph. Replacing HID plant/grow lights with these specialized induction
lamps can save energy, as they can usually replace an HID lamp of about twice the wattage. In addition, the
long lifespan of 80,000 to 85,000 hours saves money on re-lamping supplies and labour; while the low heat
signature means these lamps can be place closer to the plants to deliver more light energy. Finally, the close
match to the PAR curve increases plant growth and crop yields.
Since these are specialized lamps, we have not provided a cost/benefit
analysis table since the savings will vary according to the number and type of
HID lamps which are replaced with the ELPL plant/grow lamps. Typically,
energy and maintenance savings are in the 35% to 70% range (not including
ventilation/cooling savings).
Environmental Aspects

The major impact of Induction Lighting on the environment is a lowering of electrical
energy usage, and thus the lowering of CO2 and other greenhouse gasses produced during the
generation of electricity. However, we should also consider the environmental impact of the
manufacturing and disposal of these light sources:

I nduction Lamps:
While Induction lamps use Mercury, they contain less mercury, and use far less mercury
per hour of operation, that convention (HID) lighting. In addition, the mercury is in solid
amalgam form so it can be easily recovered and is less likely to produce local
contamination (hot-spots) if a lamp is accidentally broken.
Induction lamps have the further advantage that they are made of glass, they have metal
components, the phosphor coating in EconoLux lamps is non-toxic, there is very little
plastic (mostly the insulation on the induction coil), and the mercury amalgam is easily
removed. As a result, the lamp can be broken down into its component parts at end-of-life,
and the vast majority of those parts can be recycled.
Note: For more information on the environmental aspects of Induction Lighting, see our
Environmental Aspects of EconoLux Induction Lights or our Mercury Usage in Lighting publications
available in our on-line Library at www.EconoLuxIndustries.com

EconoLux Magnetic I nduction Lamps Advantages:
Very long lifespan compared to conventional lighting technologies and LEDs - 95,000 to
100,000 hours for external inductor lamps.
High energy conversion efficiency ranging from 60 L/W in low wattage models to 90 L/W
in high wattage models.
Provides substantial energy savings of between 35% and 75% in most applications.
Typically, induction lamps are guaranteed for 5 years but with an expected lifespan of
between 60,000 to 100,000 hours (between 6.8 and 11.5 years of 24/7 operation), they
substantially reduce maintenance and re-lamping costs.
Magnetic induction lamps have excellent lumen maintenance characteristics producing
higher light output for a much longer time than competing HID technologies.
Induction lamps are instant-on type. They initiate at between 70% and 80% of output
and take 45-120 seconds to reach full output. This instant on characteristic makes them
ideal for use in applications with occupancy or motion sensors.
Induction lamps provide hot re-strike (instant re-start) eliminating long lamp re-start
times associated with other HID lighting technologies.
Induction lamps operate at high frequencies and are flicker-free reducing eyestrain and
improving workplace safety.
Induction lamps have a high Scotopic/Photopic (S/P) ratio which improves visual acuity,
reduces fatigue and eye strain, thereby improving working conditions.
Induction Lamps are environmentally friendly containing only solid amalgam mercury
which is completely recyclable, other commercial lighting types contain hazardous liquid
mercury. Al the other glass and metal components of the induction lamps can also be
recycled at end-of-lamp-life.
References:
1] From Manufacturers specifications and data sheets
2] Operations and Maintenance Manual for Energy Management, By James E. Piper - Published by M.E. Sharpe,
ISBN 0765600501, 9780765600509
3] "Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) is defined as the photons of radiation in the 400 to 700 nm
waveband. PAR is a general term that can describe either the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPF), or the
photosynthetic irradiance (PI)." - Plant Physiology: Manipulating Plant Growth with Solar Radiation - Dennis
Decoteau, Ph.D., Department of Horticulture, The Pennsylvania State University.

I mage Credits:
1] Induction Highbay fixture on Cover and page 11 - Courtesy of Neo Yang
2] Street light photo page 10 - Courtesy of FJJK China
3] All other photos, charts, graphs and diagrams - 2012 - Michael Roberts - All Rights Reserved
Summary

Magnetic Induction Lamps offer an economically viable way to improve lighting
conditions while reducing energy consumption, and other operational and maintenance costs.
At the time of writing, Induction Lamps also offer better energy efficiency - produce more light
for the same input power - than HID (mercury Vapour, High Pressure Sodium and Metal
Halide) lighting. EconoLux Induction Lighting also offers a better Return On Investment (ROI)
than HID lighting and is environmentally friendly.
Admin:7F,KinOnCommercialBuilding,
4951JervoisStreet,SheunWan,HongKong
Factory:9ZhongxinAvenue,Dongguan,GuangdongProvince,PRC.
TEL: (English):(+86)18605924298
(English&): (+86)18621689926
Web: www.EconoLuxIndustries.com

Induction Lamps Vs HID Lamps

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Induction Lamps Vs HID Lamps

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

www.EconoLuxI ndustries.

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen