Project On Stress Management

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION OF PROJECT:The project is based on the Stress management. As the employees are the basic and valuable assets of the organization, in this scenario it has been fully accepted, due to this many business tycoons are emerged so it is necessary to properly look after to their assets as well as providing management tips to employees. For stress , A man is not a machine, cannot work consistent without any break and stop , due to work consistently with overload tasks employee or anyone get more frustrated and then stress arises , it affects on efficiency of , and gets downwards of performance in one way it is helpful but not in all ,so it is very crucial to overcome from stress and do work with again zeal and confidence to cultivate speed , accuracy , passion and dedication in work .
DEFINITION: Stress in individual is defined as any interference that disturbs a persons healthy mental and physical well being. It occurs when the body is required to perform beyond its normal range of capabilities. Stress is the way that you react physically, mentally and emotionally to various conditions, changes and demands in your life. High levels of stress can affect your physical and mental well being and performance. Canadian physician Hans Selye (1907-1982) in his book the stress of life 1956 popularized the idea of stress. According to Selye, the General Adaptation Syndrome consists of three phases. Ce level begins to decline irreversibly. The organism collapses.
Alarm Reaction: The first is the alarm phases. Here the individual mobilizes to meet the threat. The alarm reaction has two phases. The first phases includes in initial stock shock phase in which defensive mechanism become active. Alarm reaction is characterized by autonomous excitability; adrenaline discharges; increase heart rate, ulceration. Depending on the nature & intensity of the threat and the condition of the organization the period of resistance varies and the severity of symptoms may differ from mild invigoration to disease of adaptation. 1|Page
Resistance The second is the phase of resistance. The individual attempts to resist or cope with the threat. Maximum adaptation occurs during this stage. The bodily signs characteristic of the alarm reaction disappear. It the stress persist, or the defensive reaction proves ineffective, it may overwhelm the body resources. Depleted of energy, the body enters the phase of third.
Exhaustion Adaptation energy is exhausted. Sings of the alarm reaction reappear, and the resistance level begins to define irreversibly. The organism collapses. While studying on this project (stress management) for 60 days from RELIANCE COMMUNICATION, RAIPUR got some findings out of 50 employees,
Which are as follows: Employee gets affected by the behavior of the managers/staff. Not receiving adequate support from their superiors and colleagues Maximum of the respondents feel that their work and efforts are not valued. Working hours are not in properly manner per week influences their stress level. Having Lack of communication with peers and lack of information about what is going on also affect their stress level. But, in positive way employees suggested even to get off their stress on work as in generally such as :- Passing smile away , Listening songs , Mocking and joking mid in working , give to their family impotence as well as spend given their holidays with full of joy. Therefore it is first and foremost important to find out the right way to overcome as well as manage stress in workplace and cope up with staff and organization.
PROJECT TITLE:To study on stress management at RELIANCE COMMUNICATION LTD. Raipur. (C.G.)
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OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The objectives of the study are as follows:-
Primary objective:
To study the stress level of the employees at work.
Secondary objective:
To study the various reasons that leads to stress in employees.
To determine the overall consequences of stress on their work.
To study the measures taken to manage stress.
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SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of the stress management is as a follows: Stress is emerging as a major problem for many successful people. Stress has become a major concern of the modern times as it can cause harm to employees health and performance. Stress can deteriorate social and family relationships and eventually burn you out; ultimately it can take toll on your health. Organizations need to recognize stress as a problem and decide whether or not to act upon it. Stress is the emotional and physical strain caused by our response to pressure from outside world. Common stress reactions include tension,
irritability,
inability
to
concentrate,
and variety of physical symptoms that include headache and a fast heart beat. It's almost impossible to live without some stress. And most of us wouldn't want to, because it gives life some spice and excitement. But if stress gets out of control, it may harm your health, your relationships, and your enjoyment of life.
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COMPANY PROFILE
INTRODUCTION Indias Leading Integrated Telecom Company

Reliance Communication is the flagship company of the Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group (ADAG) of companies. Listed on the National Stock Exchange and the Bombay Stock Exchange, it is Indias leading integrated telecommunication company with over 80 million customers.
Our business encompasses a complete range of telecom services covering mobile and fixed line telephony. It includes broadband, national and international long distance services and data services along with an exhaustive range of value-added services and applications. Our constant Endeavour is to achieve customer delight by enhancing the productivity of the enterprises and individuals we serve.
Reliance Mobile (formerly Reliance India Mobile), launched on 28 December, 2002, coinciding with the joyous occasion of the late Dhirubhai Ambanis 70th birthday, was among the initial initiatives of Reliance Communication. It marked the auspicious beginning of Dhirubhais dream of ushering in a digital revolution in India. Today, we can proudly claim that we were instrumental in harnessing the true power of information and communication, by bestowing it in the hands of the common man at affordable rates.
We endeavor to further extend our efforts beyond the traditional value chain by developing and deploying completed telecom solutions for the entire spectrum of society.
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History of Reliance
Late Shri. Dhirubhai Ambani
Dhirubhai was born in 1932 in the village of Chorwad in Gujarat in circumstances that can best be described as modest. Driven by hardship and want, he had to drop out of school early. In 1949, at the age of 17, he went to Aden (now Yemen) in search of opportunity, and worked as a dispatch clerk for A.Besse & Co. A couple of years later, the company became a distributor for shell products and Dhirubhai was promoted to manage the companys oilfilling station at the port of Aden. It was here that he dreamed of setting up and owning a refinery, which he later realized with his petrochemicals venture. He returned to India in 1958 to launch his first business venture, a spice trading company named Reliance Commercial Corporation. In 1962, Dhirubhai identified an emerging opportunity in yarn trading and shifted to the new business. Three years later, he changed the name of his company to Reliance Textile Industries Limited. In 1966, he purchased land in Naroda, Gujarat, to set up a textile mill. In 1975, a technical team from the World Bank recognized the Naroda Mill as one of the best composite textile mills in India and certified it as excellent even by developed country standards. In 1977, the company went public. At the time of the Reliance Textile IPO, participation in the Indian capital markets was largely limited to a small but influential elite which dabbled in a handful of stocks. The great majority of Indias middle class chase to stay away. Dhirubhais decision to prefer the capital markets over banks as the primary source of funding for his ambitious expansion plans was as daring as it was unprecedented. In the event, the Reliance IPO was an unlikely success. Against all odds, Dhirubhai managed to convince a sufficiently large number of skeptical middle class investors to put their money, and faith in what was then a small, relatively unknown company. The subsequent growth and success of Reliance and its philosophy of generously rewarding shareholders rapidly gave Dhirubhai an ionic status in the Indian financial markets. 6|Page
Under Dhirubhais charismatic leadership, the Annual General Meeting (AGM) of Reliance took on the character of large public spectacles. Typically, held in large public arenas, and attended by thousands of adoring shareholders, the Reliance AGM became a day to remember in the annual corporate calendar of India. In 1986, the Reliance AGM held in Cross Maidan, Mumbai, was attended by as many as 30,000 stockholders- a record in Indias corporate history. By the mid-80s, Dhirubhai had become something of a living legend, widely hailed by peers and critics alike as one of the greatest corporate visionaries in the history of post- Independent India.But Dhirubhai was never one to rest on his laurels. In the early 80s,he had taken the first important step in strategic backward integration for Reliance with the commissioning of the Patalganga plant which initially manufactured polyester filament yarn and polyester staple fiber. In 1991, he set up Reliance Hazira, for the manufacture of petrochemicals- the next link in the backward integration chain. At the time, Reliance Hazira represented the single largest investment made by a private sector group in India at a single location. Meanwhile, Dhirubhai had firmed up plans of setting up a massive grassroots refinery- the next big leap in his overall strategic roadmap for Reliance. Conceived as the worlds largest grassroots refinery at the time, Jamnagar in Gujarat was to have an annual capacity of 27 million tones. In the face of formidable challenges, including a massive cyclone that flattened the project site mid-way through construction, Reliance commissioned the Jamnagar facility in 1999. It was a fully integrated refinery, complete with a dedicated port and a captive supply of power. The refinery was not only commissioned ahead of schedule, but also set up at a cost that was significantly lower than the prevailing global benchmark for a project of such magnitude. It was one of Dhirubhais great dreams in life to see ordinary Indians enjoy the enormous economic benefits of being able to access affordable yet world class telecommunications infrastructure. He wanted Reliance to spearhead a communications revolution that would dramatically cut down the cost of connectivity, and propel India into the digital age. His ultimate ambition: To make the cost of a phone call cheaper than that of a post card. It was therefore entirely logical for Reliance to enter the telecommunications space when the sector was opened up for private participation in the 1990s.The rest, as they say, is history. Today, Reliance Communications is Indias largest information and communications services provider with over 20 million subscribers, and offers the full range of integrated telecom services- at prices that are, by far, the lowest anywhere in the world. Dhirubhai left for his heavenly abode on July 6, 2002. 7|Page
RELIANCE COMMUNICATION
Reliance Communications (formerly Reliance Communications Ventures) is one of Indias largest providers of integrated communications services. The company has more than 20 million customers and serves individual consumers, enterprises, and carriers, providing wireless, wire line, long distance, voice, data and internet communications services through a number of operating subsidiaries. The company sells communications and digital entertainment products and services through its chain of Reliance Web World retain outlets. The companys Reliance Infocomm subsidiary provides wireless communications services throughout India. Reliance Communications is part of the Reliance- Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group. The current network expansion undertaken by Reliance is the largest wireless network expansion undertaken by any operator across the world. It was with this belief in mind that Reliance Communications (formerly Reliance Infocomm) started laying 60,000 route kilometers of a pan- India fibre optic backbone. This backbone was commissioned on 28 December, 2002, the auspicious occasion of Dhirubhais 70th birthday, though sadly after his unexpected demise on 6 July 2002. Reliance Communications has a reliable, high- capacity, integrated (both wireless and wire line) and convergent (voice, data and video) digital network. It is capable of delivering a range of services spanning the entire infocomm (information and communication) value chain, including infrastructure and services for enterprises as well as individuals, applications and consulting. Today, Reliance Communications is revolutionizing the way India communicates and networks, truly bringing about a new way of life. We will leverage our strengths to execute complex global-scale projects to facilitate leading edge information and communication services affordable to all individual consumers and businesses in India. We will offer unparalleled value to create customer delight and enhance business productivity. We will also generate value for our capabilities beyond Indian borders and enable millions of Indians knowledge workers to deliver their services globally.
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Type
Public NSE: RCOM, BSE: 532712
Industry
Telecommunications
Founded
2004
Founder(s)
Anil Ambani
Headquarters Mumbai, India
Area served
India
Key people
Anil Ambani (President)
Products
Telecommunications 11,110 crore (US$2.02 billion)(2012)[1] 156 crore (US$28.39 million)(2012)[1] 80,395 crore (US$14.63 billion)(2011)[1] 28,065 (2010)[1]
Revenue
Net income
Total assets
Employees
Parent
Reliance Group
Subsidiaries
Reliance Globalcom Limited Reliance Big TV Limited
Website
www.rcom.co.in
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CHAIRMANS PROFILE
Anil D. Ambani
Regarded as one of the foremost corporate leaders of contemporary India, Shri Anil D Ambani, 50, is the chairman of all listed companies of the Reliance ADA Group, namely, Reliance Communications, Reliance Capital, Reliance Energy and Reliance Natural Resources limited.
He is also Chairman of the Board of Governors of Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and Communication Technology, Gandhi Nagar, Gujarat. Till recently, he also held the post of Vice Chairman and Managing Director of Reliance Industries Limited (RIL), Indias largest private sector enterprise. Anil D Ambani joined Reliance in 1983 as Co-Chief Executive Officer, and has been centrally involved in every aspect of the company's management. The Ambani family faced criticism when it announced its ambitious plans to build a countrywide telecom network, as its prior expertise lay in commodities-textile and petrochemicals business only. Apart from that telecom needs a service-oriented mindset, critics felt. What they did not remember was how the family had served its millions of shareholders. Policies in India are made in line with Ambanis vision, says an industry expert. His businesses acumen and closeness to politicians assisted him in making it to the Rajya-Sabha in June 2004, as an independent member. Ambani chose to resign voluntarily on March 25, 2006.The same association with politicians gave him negative returns too when the Mayawati Government in Uttar Pradesh put a spanner on his ambitious plans to build a 1,200- acres SEZ.
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Media sees his aggression when he announces financial results for the Reliance ADA Group of companies, and when he attends the annual general meetings and faces questions from shareholders. When he meets the press, he has answers to all their questions. He also remembers to call select journalists by name. To merchant bankers he, who has already contributed immensely to the financial reforms of the country, is one of the financial wizards of the world. May be because of his expertise, he gave up in the race to grab Hutchison Essar Stake, after indirectly jacking up the valuation. His negotiations with the Qualcomm chief are also a folk theory now. How did Ambani become the VOICE & DATA Telecom Person of the year 2007? What are his personal and organizational achievements in the recent past? His path- breaking marketing strategy that was put in by the strongest team of telecom professionals the country has ever seen has made millions of Indians happy as they got the best mobile tariffs in the world. The aggression resulted to adding to his already swollen kitty. Every hour India will be adding around 20,000 new mobile customers and Reliance Communications over 4,000. When mobile telephony first began in India, a local call cost Rs 16 per minute; an STD Rs 50; and a call to the US Rs 100 per minute. With Reliance Communications pioneering price initiative, a local call now costs a mere 15 paise per minute, STD 40 paise, and a call to the US costs less than Rs 2 per minute. The presence of Reliance Communications is making the competition in India panicky. Global telecom forces will also shortly start feeling the heat. Ambani has also recently announced his 1,200 crore buyout of Yipes Holdings. He is credited with having pioneered a number of path-breaking financial innovations in the Indian capital markets. He spearheaded the countrys first forays into the overseas capital markets with international public offerings of global depositary receipts, convertibles and bonds. Starting in 1991, he directed Reliance Industries in its efforts to raise over US$ 2 billion. He also steered the 100-year Yankee bond issue for the company in January 1997.
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He is a member of:
Wharton Board of Overseers, The Wharton School, USA . Central Advisory Committee, Central Electricity Regulatory Commission. Board of Governors, Indian Institute of Management, Ahmadabad. Board of Governors Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur. In June 2004, he was elected for a six-year term as an independent member of the Rajya Sabha, Upper House of Indias Parliament a position he chose to resign voluntarily on March 25, 2006.
Awards and Achievements:

Awarded by Light Readings as the Person of the Year 2008 for outstanding achievements in the communication industry. Voted the Businessman of the Year in a poll conducted by The Times of India TNS, December, 2006. Voted the Best role model among business leaders in the biannual Mood of the Nation poll conducted by India Today magazine, August 2006. Conferred the CEO of the Year 2004 in the Platts Global Energy Award Awarded the First Wharton Indian Alumni Award by the Wharton India Economic Forum (WIEF) in recognition of his contribution to the establishment of Reliance as a global leader in many of its business areas, December 2001 Selected by Asia week magazine for its list of Leaders of the Millennium in Business and Finance June 1999. . . and was introduced as the only new hero in Business and Finance from India,
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VISION
By 2015, be amongst the top 3 most valued Indian companies , providing Information, Communication & Entertainment services , and being the industry benchmark in Customer Experience, Employees Centricity and Innovation.
MISSION
We will create world-class benchmarks by:

Meeting and exceeding Customer expectations with a segmented approach Establishing, re-engineering and automating Processes to make them customer centric, efficient and effective
Incessant offering of Products and Services that are value for money and excite customers Providing a Network experience that is best in the industry Building Reliance into an iconic Brand which is benchmarked by others and leads industry in Intention to Purchase and Loyalty
Developing a professional Leadership team that inspires, nurtures talent and propagates RCOM Values by personal example
VALUES

We will put customer first at all times, and built long term relationship with them. We will believe interpretation and keep every commitment that we make. We will operate with honesty and integrity interpretation all our dealings. We treat every individual with dignity and respect. We will approach every Endeavour with zeal and an attitude towards excellence.
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SWOT ANALYSIS Reliance communication Ltd.
Strength - Brand image - Distribution channel - The new technology launcher

(3G Technology) Fast Activation Process Network Good Finance
Weakness - Service - Customer satisfaction - Customer care - Connectivity - Not very good plans for internet user Threat - Political destabilization - Big market share of Airtel - New Entrants - IT Development - Market Demand
-
Opportunity
Preference of GSM over CDMA Growing data card market Ultra high speed internet ( 4G Technology) Rural Telephony Competitors vulnerabilities
Seasonality, Weather Effects
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Chairman
Anil Dhiru bhai ambani
President
( Personal Business )
Senior Vice - President
President
( Enterprise Business )
President
( Home business)
Vice President
General Manager
Deputy General manager Assistant General Manager
Senior Manager
Manager
Deputy Manager
Assistant Manager
Management Training
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PRODUCTS PROFILE Main subsidiaries

Reliance Telecommunication Limited (RTL) In July 2007, the company announced it was buying US-based managed Ethernet and application delivery services company Yipes Enterprise Services for a cash amount of 1200 crore (the equivalent of US$300 million). The deal was announced of the overseas acquisition, the Reliance group has amalgamated the United States-based Flag Telecom for $210 million (roughly 950 crore). RTL operates in Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal, Himachal Pradesh, Orissa, Bihar, Assam, Kolkata and Northeast, offering GSM services.[3] Reliance Globalcom RGL owns the worlds largest private undersea cable system,[4] spanning 65,000 km seamlessly integrated with Reliance Communications. Over 110,000 km of domestic optic fiber provides a robust Global Service Delivery Platform, connecting 40 key business markets in India, the Middle East, Asia, Europe, and the U.S. Reliance Internet Data Center (RIDC) RIDC provides Internet Data Center (IDC) services located in Mumbai, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Chennai. Spread across 650,000 sq ft (60,000 m2) of hosting space, it offers IT infrastructure management services to large, medium and small enterprises. It is one of the leading data center service providers in India and provides services like collocation, managed server hosting, virtual private server and data security. It has launched cloud computing services,[5] offering product under its infrastructure as a server (Iaas) and software as a service (Saas) portfolio, which enables enterprises, mainly small and medium, a costeffective IT infrastructure and application on pay-per-user model. Reliance Digital TV Reliance Big TV launched in August 2008[6] and thereafter acquired 1 million subscribers within 90 days of launch,[7] the fastest ramp-up ever achieved by any DTH operator in the world. Reliance Big TV offers its 1.7 million customers DVD-quality pictures on over 200 channels using MPEG-4 technology. 16 | P a g e
On 19 May 2010, the 3G spectrum auction in India ended. Reliance Communications paid 5864.29 crores for spectrum in 13 circles. The circles it will provide 3G in are Assam, Orissa, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Kolkata, Madhya Pradesh, Mumbai, North East, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan and West Bengal.[8] On 5 November 2010, RCom became the second private sector telecom company (fourth overall) to launch 3G services in India, with a 4 city launch in Chandigarh, Delhi, Kolkata and Mumbai.[9] On 11 June 2010, the broadband wireless access (BWA) spectrum auction in India ended. However, RCom said that it exited the broadband wireless access (BWA) auction a week before, after auction prices significantly exceeded its business case estimates. They are planning to focus on broadband wireless through 3G-ready pan India CDMA. RCOM has 3G spectrum for 13 circles. RCOM also said that they prefer LTE standard offering a single evolution path for both, CDMA & GSM networks, and that the WiMAX ecosystem has weakened after WiMAX operators like Clearwire and Yota moved to LTE.[10]
Reliance 3G Products and Services

1) R world 2) Mobile TV 3) R Apps 4) R Pilot 5) Video calling 6) Video Portal R World: - R World WAP portal is a handset-based internet WAP site designed for mobile users. With R World WAP portal, one can stay connected with friends on Face book, Twitter and set up email on mobile using Gmail, Hotmail, Ovi Mail etc. One can also log on to R World WAP portal and stay updated with latest news and views from across the world using RSS feeds. You can also view video on demand, download mobile TV, video clips, get latest blockbuster games and apps or listen to your favorite music, wallpapers etc. You can also access internet-based services of Google and Yahoo through the Web section on R World WAP portal. Experience next generation entertainment on your mobile through R World WAP portal and have them delivered on phone via super fast downloads. Services on R
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World WAP portal are spread across four navigational links via Home, Fun, Web and Connect. Mobile TV: - With Mobile TV, you can watch all your favorite shows no matter where you are. All you require is a supported phone to get hooked on to the television. Mobile TV offers top-watched channels like CNN-IBN, Zee TV, etc. in addition to niche channels and regional content just for you. There is also a section called Video On Demand (VOD), which enables you to access on demand movies, video clips, mobisodes, etc. The following are available in Mobile TV: R Apps: - With R Apps, you can browse through various categories of games and applications for your mobile devices. For e.g. you can check out business applications, cooking applications, action games, puzzle games, etc from R Apps. You can download them on your mobile to boost your mobile experience. Some of the games, applications on R Apps are free for download while others can be purchased (a onetime charge) or subscribed to for a limited period. Browsing on R Apps is completely free i.e. you will not be charged for any data for surfing within Apps. You will be charged only when you choose to purchase or subscribe to a games or application. However there are also plenty of Free Games & Apps available for download. Applications and games available for free, lifetime use and trial option. Pricing starts as low as Rs. 5. Payment via postpaid bills or prepaid balance reduction.
R pilot: - This offers turn by turn driving or walking directions in over 600 top cities in India. Up to 260 navigable attributes per city with over 3 million points of interest at just a few clicks You can use this superbly convenient navigation tool when you want to: Travel within the city or from one state to another.

Find the quickest and most convenient route to a particular destination. Search your way to your destination if you are lost. Locate nearest utilities such as hospitals, banks, ATMS, restaurants, and more. Know more about zone-based services, mobile yellow pages, points of interest. 18 | P a g e
Share your position with your friends or family or learn about their location. Video calling: - Video calling is a two-way audio-visual communication between two Videoenabled 3G handsets, in 3G coverage. Both parties on a call can hear and see themselves as they talk to each other. So if you miss being someplace for a special occasion, make a video callits the next best thing to being there. You simply need a 3G-enabled handset (With a front camera), be subscribed to 3G service and be in an area with 3G coverage Video Portal; - The Reliance Video Portal is a cross between a TV channel and an IVR and loaded with interactivity at every step, to make access easier for you. A Power-packed entertainment service that provides you with a range of infotainment services. To enjoy the Video Portal, please Video Call 58000 (for the World Cup), or 52222 (for other Services).
You will see a video clip that will guide you on how to enjoy the services on offer. Listen through the IVR menu, make your selection and follow the remaining instructions to enjoy the video portal. For e.g., if you press 1, you can go into the music video category, etc. Press End to exit call.
3G and 4G
On 19 May 2010, the 3G spectrum auction in India ended. Reliance Communications paid 5864.29 crores for spectrum in 13 circles. The circles it will provide 3G in are Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Punjab, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal, Himachal Pradesh, Bihar, Orissa, Assam, North East, Jammu & Kashmir. On 11 June 2010, the broadband wireless access (BWA) or 4Gspectrum auction in India ended. Infotel Broadband, a subsidiary of Reliance Industries,[9] won pan-India license in the auction across 22 circles, the only telecom operator other than state-owned BSNL/MTNL to do so. Infotel paid the government 12847.77 crore for the license. According to Cellular Operators Association of India (COAI) director general Rajan S. Mathews, Reliance Industries is expected to launch 4G services in December 2011. They are expected to use LTE technology. On 25th May 2012, RCom announced a price reduction of 61% on its 3G services
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Theoretical background
Human Resource Management

Human Resource management is an art of managing people at work in such manner that they give their best to the organization. In simple word human resource management refers to the quantitative aspect of employees working in an organization. Human Resource Management is also a management function concerned with hiring, motivating, and maintains people in an organization. It focuses on people in organization. Organizations are not mere bricks, mortar, machineries or inventories. They are people. It is the Who staff and manage organizations, the functions and principles are applied to acquisitioning, developing, maintain, and remunerating, employee in organization. Decision relating to employee must be integrated. Decision on different aspect of employee must be consistent with other human resources decision. Decision made must influence the effectiveness of organization. Effectiveness of an organization must result in betterment of services to customers in the form of high quality product supplied at reasonable cost HRM function is not confined to business establishment only they applicable to non business organization too such as education, health care, recreation etc. The scope of HRM is indeed vast. All major activities in the working life of his or her entry into an organization until he or she leaves-come under the previews of HRM Specifically, the activities included are: HR planning, Job analysis. and design, Recruitment and selection, Orientation and placement, Training and development, Performance appraisal and job evaluation, Executive remuneration, compensation, Motivation and communication, Labor welfare, safety and health, Industrial relation and the like, 20 | P a g e
Therefore HRM is a broad concept Personnel management and human resource development s as a part of Human resource management. Before we define Human resource management it seems good to first define Heterogeneous in the sense they differ in Personality, Perception, Attitudes and beliefs, Values and emotions, Motives and modes of thoughts. Human resource management plays an important role in the development process of modern economy. In fact it is said that all the development comes from the human mind Human Resource Management is a process of producing development maintaining and
controlling human resources for effective achievement of organization goals.
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What is Stress?
Stress refers to the strain from the conflict between our external environment and us, leading to emotional and physical pressure. In our fast paced world, it is impossible to live without stress, whether you are a student or a working adult. There is both positive and negative stress, depending on each individuals unique perception of the tension between the two forces. Not all stress is bad. For Example: Positive stress, also known as Eustress, can help an individual to function at optimal effectiveness and efficiency. Hence, it is evident that some form of positive stress can add more color and vibrancy to our lives. The presence of a deadline, for example, can push us to make the most of our time and produce greater efficiency. It is important to keep this in mind, as stress management refers to using stress to our advantage, and not on eradicating the presence of stress in our lives. On the other hand, negative stress can result in mental and physical strain. The individual will experience symptoms such as tensions, headaches, irritability and in extreme cases, heart palpitations. Hence, whilst some stress may be seen as a motivating force, it is important to manage stress levels so that it does not have an adverse impact on your health and relationships. Part of managing your stress levels include learning about how stress can affect you emotionally and physically, as well as how to identify if you are performing at your optimal stress level (OSL) or if you are experiencing negative stress. This knowledge will help you to identify when you need to take a break, or perhaps seek professional help. It is also your first step towards developing techniques to managing your stress levels. Modern day stresses can take the form of monetary needs, or emotional frictions. Competition at work and an increased workload can also cause greater levels of stress. How do you identify if you are suffering from excessive stress? Psychological symptoms commonly experienced include insomnia, headaches and an inability to focus. Physical symptoms take the form of heart palpitations, breathlessness, excessive sweating and stomach aches. What causes stress? There are many different causes of stress, and that which causes stress is also known as a stressor. Common lifestyle stressors include performance, threat, and bereavement stressors, to name a few. Performance stressors are triggered when an individual is placed in a situation where he feels a need to excel. This could be during performance appraisals, lunch with the boss, or giving a speech. Threat 22 | P a g e
stressors are usually when the current situation poses a dangerous threat, such as an economic downturn, or from an accident. Lastly, bereavement stressors occur when there is a sense of loss such as the death of a loved one, or a prized possession. Thus, there are various stressors, and even more varied methods and techniques of dealing with stress and turning it to our advantages. In order to do so, we must learn to tell when we have crossed the line from positive to negative stress.
Good stress v/s Bad stress:

Stress has often been misunderstood to be negative, with few people acknowledging the importance and usefulness of positive stress. In our everyday lives, stress is everywhere and definitely unavoidable; hence our emphasis should be on differentiating between what is good stress, and what is bad. This will help us to learn to cope with negative stress, and harness the power of positive stress to help us achieve more. There are 4 main categories of stress, namely eustress, distress, hyper stress and hypo stress. Negative stress can cause many physical and psychological problems, whilst positive stress can be very helpful for us. Heres how we differentiate between them.
Eustress:
This is a positive form of stress, which prepares your mind and body for the imminent challenges that it has perceived. Eustress is a natural physical reaction by your body which increases blood flow to your muscles, resulting in a higher heart rate. Athletes before a competition or perhaps a manager before a major presentation would do well with eustress, allowing them to derive the inspiration and strength that is needed. Eustress is a positive form of stress usually related to desirable events in persons life. Both can be equally taxing on the body, and are cumulative in nature, depending on a person's way of adapting to a change that has caused it.
Distress:
We are familiar with this word, and know that it is a negative form of stress. This occurs when the mind and body is unable to cope with changes, and usually occurs when there are deviations from the norm. They can be categorized into acute stress and chronic stress. Acute stress is intense, but does not last for long. On the other hand, chronic stress persists over a 23 | P a g e
long period of time. Trigger events for distress can be a change in job scope or routine that the person is unable to handle or cope with. Distress is the most commonly-referred to type of stress, having negative implications,
Hyper stress:
This is another form of negative stress that occurs when the individual is unable to cope with the workload. Examples include highly stressful jobs, which require longer working hours than the individual can handle. If you suspect that you are suffering from hyper stress, you are likely to have sudden emotional breakdowns over insignificant issues, the proverbial straws that broke the camels back. It is important for you to recognize that your body needs a break, or you may end up with severe and chronic physical and psychological reactions.
Hypo stress:
Lastly, hypo stress occurs when a person has nothing to do with his time and feels constantly bored and unmotivated. This is due to an insufficient amount of stress; hence some stress is inevitable and helpful to us. Companies should avoid having workers who experience hypo stress as this will cause productivity and mindfulness to fall. If the job scope is boring and repetitive, it would be a good idea to implement some form of job rotation so that there is always something new to learn
What Are The Signs Of Stress?

Stress can cause both mental and physical symptoms. The effects of stress are different for different people. The mental symptoms of stress include Tension. Irritability. Inability to concentrate. Feeling excessively tired.
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The physical symptoms of stress includes: Dry mouth. A pounding heart. Difficulty breathing. Stomach upset- Frequent urination Sweating palms, tight muscles that may cause pain and trembling.
Affects of Stress
There are following ways;-
External stressors;
Are things and events outside your body that can make you feel threatened or out of control? For example: Physical irritants like noise, pollution, heat, or humidity. Work demands or conditions and Social or family demands, changes, or problems Frightening events, like narrowly escaping a traffic accident
Internal stressors;
Result from one's own attitudes and thinking patterns. For example:
Do you always talk to yourself with words like "should, must, and ought?" Do you feel like a failure if you are late, or if things don't go as planned? Do you have "me last" syndrome, feeling you have to look after everyone elses needs before you think of your own?
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Facts about stress:

According to the American Academy of Family Physicians, two-thirds of office visits to family doctors are for stress-related symptoms. Almost everyone experiences events that they find difficult to cope with. In recent poll, 89 percent of people said they had experienced serious stress in their lives. According to one study, middle-aged men under severe stress who lackedemotional support were five times more likely to die within seven years than those who had the same amount of stress but had close personal ties. A recent study indicated that stress-management programs may reduce the risk of heart problems, including heart attack, by up to 75 percent in people with heart disease. Stress-related mental disorders have been called the fastest-growing occupational (work-related) disease in the U.S.A.
What's Stressful For You?

What's stressful for you may be quite different from what's stressful to your best friend, your spouse, or the person next door. For example: Some people enjoy speaking in public; others are terrified. Some people are more productive under deadline pressure; others are miserably tense. Some people are eager to help family and friends through difficult times; others find it very stressful. Some people feel comfortable complaining about bad service in a restaurant, others find it so difficult to complain that they prefer to suffer in silence. Some people may feel that changes at work represent a welcome opportunity; others worry about whether they'll be able to cope up. Personality type plays a role in reaction to stress. For example,People who drive themselves hard and are impatient (sometimes called Type A personalities) may be more at risk for stress-related physical problems. Certain occupations, such as law enforce mentor air traffic control, are clearly more stressful than others. In addition, people with a personal or family history of mental illness may be affected more by stress. 26 | P a g e
How Stress Can Hurt:
It has been estimated that two-thirds of all visits to physicians are for stress related problems. Recent evidence indicates that the physical changes associated with stress may contribute to the leading causes of death - heart disease and cancer. The effects of stress include the following:
Stress can cause chronic fatigue, digestive upsets, headaches, and back pain. Stress can affect the blood cells that help you fight off infection, so you are more likely to get colds and other diseases.
Constant stress can increase blood pressure and can increase the risk for stroke. Stress can increase the danger of heart attacks, particularly if you are often angry and mistrustful.
Stress can make an asthma attack worse. Stress triggers behaviors that contribute to death and disability, such as smoking, alcoholism, drug abuse, and overeating.
Stress can lead to diminished sexual desire and an inability to achieve orgasm. Stress makes it harder to take other steps to improve health, such as giving up smoking or making changes in diet.
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STRESS MANAGEMENT
Stress management is the amelioration of stress and especially chronic stress often for the purpose of improving everyday functioning. A set of techniques used to help an individual cope more effectively with difficult situations in order to feel better emotionally, improve behavioral skills, and often to enhance feelings of control.
A wide variety of techniques that are utilized to treat the physical and emotional effects of stress. The person's current ways of coping with stress and anxiety are explored, suggestions are made to build on these strategies, and relevant practice is provided using simple stress management-techniques.
A decision-making strategy that is reactive in nature. Once a resource issue becomes critical, then policy is determined to cope with the immediate problem without any consideration of long-term implications of such a policy.
A programmed of meditation and deep relaxation intended to reduce the effects of stress on the system. Stress management encompasses a range of modalities designed to treat the physical and emotional toll of stress.
The approaches used can include bodywork, meditation,counseling,energy work, and education. The skilful handling or use of mental, emotional, or physical strain in order to avoid symptoms such as raised blood pressure or depression. This is particularly helpful once the person has recovered from the anorexia nervosa. Learning to deal with stress will help to reduce the chance of future relapse
Dealing with Stress:

One method of stress management is called the TARP method, and it has been proven effective for many. A tarp is a protective cover thrown over something - a car or boat, for example - to protect it from the elements. Likewise, the TARP method offers a form of protection, too - protection against the distressing and sometimes harmful effects of stress. The TARP method teaches simple techniques that can be used anytime, anywhere, to control your response to stressful situations.
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It consists of four steps: 1. T is for "Tune in" Get into the habit of noticing early signs of stress. 2. A is for "Analyze" Think about the source or causes of your stress. 3. R is for "Respond" Deal with the cause of your stress, and its effects on you. 4. P is for Prevent Develop good stress-reduction habits for a healthier lifestyle.
In addition to the TARP method, other activities and methods also can help manage stress.
Tune in
Tuning in is important, because if you don't tackle your stress early, it can interfere with your sense of well being and your health almost before you know it. And the effects of stress often get worse as time goes on.
"Analyze"
Once you know how to "tune in" to your signs of stress, you will be better able to analyze the situations that are stressful to you. These "stressors," as they are called, could be either external or internal.
"Respond"
"Responding" in the days of early man meant fighting the source of stress or running away from it. Your body will still produce a physical "alarm response" that pumps stress.
Hormones:
Through your body, tensing your muscles and speeding up your heart. This alarm response" in most cases doesn't do us any good - and it can be harmful. You can learn to turn off the alarm response and regain control. You can learn to respond calmly, and deal actively and positively with your stress, whether it is caused by outside or internal factors. Four useful techniques for responding calmly are: 29 | P a g e
Time out:
A brief time out is the simplest possible approach to stress:
Stop the activity (or the conversation) that was causing you stress. If you can move away, go to another room, or go for a short walk. If you can't move away, count to 10 silently before you speak again.
Breathing:
You can often tell if people are under stress because of the way they are breathing. For example:Customs officers have noticed that smugglers are the people taking fast, shallow breaths. If you learn to control your breathing, it will help you regain control over the effects of stress.
Watch babies breathing; their abdomens expand when they breathe in. Watch a tense adult breathing; there may be no movement of the abdomen. All the works is being done by the chest. Abdominal breathing can be very soothing. Because it slows you down.
It is also efficient, bringing a good supply of oxygen to your brain. Prepare for stressful times by practicing your breathing now. Check your breathing pattern by putting one hand on your chest and one hand on your stomach. If your lower hand moves and your top hand does not, you a r e . Pain, and muscle pulls. It is based on the principle that muscles go to a deeper level of relaxation after they have been tensed. Lie on the floor or on a firm bed, or sit in a chair that has good head support. Close your eyes and breathe deeply two or three times. Next, tighten up the muscles of different parts of your body in turn; keep them tight while you count silently to five; then let go and imagine the tension going out as you relax and smooth the muscles.
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Start with your face. Squint your eyes, tighten your teeth and jaw, and wrinkle your forehead. Feel the tension while you count silently to five, and then let go of it. Feel the warmth of relaxation coming to your face.
Next, pull your shoulders up until they nearly touch your ears. Feel the tension while you count silently to five. Then let go. When you have finished, notice the tension and release in all your muscles. Breathe deeply a few times, and feel relaxed, refreshed, and comfortable.
Thought-stopping
This is a good technique for dealing with stress that comes from your own negative feelings. When you notice negative thoughts, just say "stop!" to yourself. It may sound too simple to be effective - but it works, even though you may have to repeat the word several times until the negative thoughts are interrupted. Sometimes, using mental images can help you stop the negative thoughts:
Imagine that the negative thoughts are coming from a tape recorder, and that you can push the "stop" button or turn down the volume to zero. Imagine sticky paper that catches your negative thoughts as they fly about. Imagine a "stop" sign that blocks your negative thoughts. Imagine a box that your negative thoughts get trapped in. Imagine you are driving through a car wash that washes the thoughts away.
"Prevent"
There are simple things you can do to help your body and mind withstand stress. These will help you improve your immune system, your energy level, your selfesteem, and your sense of well-being.
Relaxation
Relaxing regularly will help prevent stress. Set aside just 15 minutes every day, whether you are feeling stressed or not.
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Go through whatever relaxation procedures work best for you. Techniques such as
a) Yoga
And stretching can be effective, as can progressive muscle relaxation.
b) Regular exercise.
If you know people who run, swim, or bicycle regularly, you may notice that they have less stress than others. When your body is in first-class condition, your mind and emotions will also benefit. Regular exercise is one excellent way to stress-proof" yourself, or at reduce the bad effects of stress. Exercise can make you look better, sleep better, concentrate better, and withstand disease better.
It will also improve your mood and make you feel better about yourself. The bestexercise for stressproofing is aerobic activity, which uses your whole body.
This, includesJogging, bicycling, brisk walking, Cross-country skiing, aerobic dancing, swimming, Rowing, skating, and stair-stepping. If you are not used to exercise, start with walking. Walk briskly for about 20 minutes, three times a week. As you get in shape, take longer walks, or switch to a more vigorous form of activity. If you don't have access to a lake, mountain, or country road to row, ski, or bike on, substitute on machines at home or in a gym. But whenever you can, get out into nature. The quietness and change of scene will help your stress levels.
c) Eating right:
You will be much better able to withstand stress if your body feels good, and it can't feel good if you don't feed it properly Make sure you have three good meals a day, with plenty of fruit, vegetables, and filling food like bread, rice, or noodles. If you get hungry between meals, plan for a nutritious snack like fruit, yogurt, or a bagel. If you take a snack to work with you, you won't be tempted by junk food.
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d) Chemicals: alcohol and drugs:
People may be tempted to take a drink or drugs to deal with stress. It doesn't help. Alcohol may seem to calm you down, but it only masks the symptoms of stress for a while. Excessive alcohol (and drugs) will give you a rebound; you are likely to feel more stressed than ever when the effects wear off. One or two drinks a day, such as a glass of wine or beer with dinner, usually won't harm you. If you are regularly drinking much more than that, cut down - and if that is hard to-do, get some help
e) Tobacco:
People often say that a cigarette calms their nerves, but tobacco is really a stimulant. If you are afraid that quitting would cause you too much stress, talk to your doctor about prescribing a nicotine patch or gum to help ease the difficulty of withdrawal. Patches or gum work best if you also join a quit-smoking group or use a good self-help program that helps you learn to be a non-smoker. In the long run, you will become calmer person if you stop smoking.
f) Caffeine:
People have different reactions to caffeine, and most people can take two or three cups of coffee or tea a day without trouble. But you might try cutting down your caffeine intake, to see if you are less jumpy. (If you get a headache for a few days, dont worry; that's a normal withdrawal symptom, and it will go away within a week.) Do you feel worthless unless everyone likes you all the time? Are you guilty of "awful-zing," which means always expecting the worst? For example, if family members are late, do you often imagine they are injured or dead?
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How to Reduce stress 1. Job analysis:

Job Analysis is the first step in doing this. The first of the action-oriented skills that we look at is Job Analysis. Job Analysis is a key technique for managing job overload an important source of stress. To do an excellent job, you need to fully understand what is expected of you. While this may seem obvious, in the hurly-burly of a new, fast-moving, high-pressure role, it is oftentimes something that is easy to overlook. By understanding the priorities in your job, and what constitutes success within it, you can focus on these activities and minimize work on other tasks as much as possible. This helps you get the greatest return from the work you do, and keep your workload under control. Job Analysis is a useful technique for getting a firm grip on what really is important in your job so that you are able to perform excellently. It helps you to cut through clutter and distraction to get to the heart of what you need to do.
2. Rational & positive thinking:

You are thinking negatively when you fear the future, put yourself down, criticize yourself for errors, doubt your abilities, or expect failure. Negative thinking damages confidence, harms performance and paralyzes mental skills. Unfortunately, negative thoughts tend to fit into our consciousness, do their damage and flit back out again, with their significance having barely been noticed. Since we barely realize that they were there, we do not challenge them properly, which means that they can be completely incorrect and wrong. Thought Awareness is the process by which you observe your thoughts and become aware of what is going through your head. One approach to it is to observe your "stream of consciousness" as you think about the thing you're trying to achieve which is stressful. Do not suppress any thoughts. Instead, just let them run their course while you watch them, and write them down on our free worksheet as they occur. Then let them go. Another more general approach to Thought Awareness comes with logging stress in your Stress Diary. When you analyze your diary at the end of the period, you should be able to see the most common and the most damaging thoughts. Tackle these as a priority using the techniques below. Here are some typical negative thoughts you might experience when preparing to give a major presentation:
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Fear about the quality of your performance or of problems that may interfere with it; Worry about how the audience (especially important people in it like your boss) or the press may react to you; Dwelling on the negative consequences of a poor performance; or Self-criticism over a less-than-perfect rehearsal. Thought awareness is the first step in the process of managing negative thoughts, as you cannot manage thoughts that you are unaware of.
3. Rational Thinking
The next step in dealing with negative thinking is to challenge the negative thoughts that you identified using the Thought Awareness technique. Look at every thought you wrote down and challenge it rationally. Ask yourself whether the thought is reasonable. What evidence is there for and against the thought? Would your colleagues and mentors agree or disagree with it? Looking at the examples, the following challenges could be made to the negative thoughts we identified earlier: a) Feelings of inadequacy: Have you trained yourself as well as you reasonably should have? Do you have the experience and resources you need to make the presentation? Have you planned, prepared and rehearsed enough? If you have done all of these, you've done as much as you can to give a good performance. b) Worries about performance during rehearsal: If some of your practice was less than perfect, then remind yourself that the purpose of the practice is to identify areas for improvement, so that these can be sorted out before the performance. c) Problems with issues outside your control: Have you identified the risks of these things happening, and have you taken steps to reduce the likelihood of them happening or their impact if they do? What will you do if they occur? And what do you need others to do for you?
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d) Worry about other people's reactions: If you have prepared well, and you do the best you can, then you should be satisfied. If you perform as well as you reasonably can, then fair people are likely to respond well. If people are not fair, the best thing to do is ignore their comments and rise above them.
Tip 1: Don't make the mistake of generalizing a single incident. OK, you made a mistake at work, but that doesn't mean you're bad at your job. Similarly, make sure you take the long view about incidents that you're finding stressful. Just because you're finding these new responsibilities stressful now, dont mean that they will ALWAYS be so for you in the future. e) Positive Thinking & Opportunity Seeking; By now, you should already be feeling more positive. The final step is to prepare rational, positive thoughts and affirmations to counter any remaining negativity. It can also be useful to look at the situation and see if there are any useful opportunities that are offered by it. By basing your affirmations on the clear, rational assessments of facts that you made using Rational Thinking, you can use them to undo the damage that negative thinking may have done to your self-confidence. Tip: Your affirmations will be strongest if they are specific, are expressed in the present tense and have strong emotional content. Continuing the examples above, positive affirmations might be: f) Problems during practice: "I have learned from my rehearsals. This has put me in a position where I can deliver a great performance. I am going to perform well and enjoy the event." g) Worries about performance: "I have prepared well and rehearsed thoroughly. I am well positioned to give an excellent performance.
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h) Problems issues outside your control: "I have thought through everything that might reasonably happen and have planned how I can handle all likely contingencies. I am very well placed to react flexibly to events." i) Worry about other people's reaction: "Fair people will react well to a good performance. I will rise above any unfair criticism in a mature and professional way."If appropriate, write these affirmations down on your worksheet so that you cause them when you need them. As well as allowing you to structure useful affirmations, part of Positive Thinking is to look at opportunities that the situation might offer to you. In the examples above, successfully overcoming the situations causing the original negative thinking will open up opportunities. You will acquire new skills, you will be seen as someone who can handle difficult challenges, and you may open up new career opportunities. Make sure that identifying these opportunities and focusing on them is part of your positive thinking
Other Ways to Manage Stress;

In addition to the relaxation practices described in the "TARP" method, there are many activities and methods that can help manage stress. These include:
1. Humor. 2. Hobbies. 3. Meditation. 4. Biofeedback. 5. Massage therapy.

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1. Humor
Many stress-management experts recommend keeping a sense of humor during difficult situations. Laughing releases muscle tension and helps a person maintain perspective. Activities as simple as watching a funny movie, listening to a tape of a comedians routine, or sharing time with a humorous friend can provide a psychological lift and relieve stress.
2. Hobbies
Regular leisure activities are important in reducing stress. Many people benefit frommaking time for positive leisure pursuits rather than, for example, spending time watching television in the evening (although that, too, can be relaxing to some degree, Relaxing hobbies include gardening, painting, bicycling, photography, carpentry, collecting, and many others. In order to obtain the most relaxation and enjoyment, the satisfaction should come in doing the hobby, not in the results. An individual who pursues gardening for relaxation may not grow prize-winning vegetables, but they can be beaten. An amateur photographer may not sell photographs, but they can be admired by friends and family.
3. Meditation
Used for many years in Eastern cultures, meditation is becoming more widely accepted in the U.S. as a relaxation technique. Meditation reduces heart rate, blood pressure, and adrenaline Levels and skin temperature. There are a variety of meditation techniques that share a common goal: to achieve relaxation by clearing the mind of stressful outside interferences. Meditation involves achieving a state of consciousness in
which the individual focuses on a single thing, such as a key word, sound, or image. Meditation techniques rely on quiet surroundings, sitting still, and a repetitive mental pattern. Various techniques are taught in instruction books and through religious and nonreligious organizations.
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4. Biofeedback
Biofeedback provides a way for people to learn to control activities over which they normally have no awareness, such as heart rate and muscle tension. It is considered. ByMany health professionals to be a valuable therapeutic tool for reducing stress. Biofeedback involves no discomfort and no risk. Biofeedback relies on sensitive electronic, equipment. Sensors are placed on the body at various locations to measure skin temperature and muscle activity. The sensors are attached to a monitor that detects fluctuations when a person is anxious and displays signals in the form of beeps or light flashes. By watching the monitor, a person learns to control these stressful responses.
5. Massage Therapy
Massage is the gentle practice of manipulating the body's tissues in order to soothe and heal. It is one of the most ancient of the healing arts, and more people today are relying on it for natural, drug-free relief from the effects of busy, overstressed lives. Massage can relax the entire body and provide new energy that lingers long after the massage is over A number of research studies have shown that massage reduces heart rate, lowers blood pressure, increases blood circulation and lymph flow, relaxes muscles, improves range of motion, and increases production,
There are a number of massage therapy techniques, including Swedish massage and Shiatsu. Massages can be for the full body or particular areas of the body, such as the back and shoulders. Some people choose to wear some clothing during a massage; others prefer to undress or use a dressing gown. During a massage, the person is warmly covered, and only the part of the body on which the therapist is working is uncovered.
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Steps for Stress Management

One thing you need to keep in mind is that you cannot expect to totally get rid of stress. It is a process wherein your initial goal would be to reduce the amount of stress in your life until you eventually get rid of it. The following ideas will help you establish a stress management method that could work for you. Improve your time management skills. Most of your stress in life is a result of your inability to squeeze in your plans within the time available to you. So, creating your schedule will enable you to achieve more in less time. When creating your schedule, put the most important items on top of your list. Study the way you react to stress. This requires your honesty to determine whether your own coping mechanisms are effective or not. If not, then look for other means. Take care of your body. This is often the most neglected aspect of stress management. Get enough rest and eats well. Your health is the most vital factor in stress management. Change your mind set. Oftentimes, stress is produced only by your mind. So, if that is the case with you, then adopting a new perspective might reduce your stress level.
Benefits of Stress Management

If you cannot fully understand the importance of stress management, then try thinking in reverse. Imagine yourself not suffering from the negative impacts of stress. Without the negative results of stress in your life, then a person is able to enjoy a more satisfying and stress-free life. To sum it up, here are the benefits that can be derived with practicing an efficient stress management method:
1. It improves your overall health status. 2. You are able to assume a more positive attitude and outlook in life. 3. It increases your productivity since you are able to focus clearly on your tasks. 4. You have better control over your emotions and how you respond to them. 5. And more importantly, you reduce or eliminate negative stress in your life.
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About Positive Stress

Although "stress" has become synonymous with something bad, such as traffic jams and too many work demands, some stress is good for you.
Pioneering stress researcher Hans Sale differentiated between damaging stress (distress) and positive stress. Positive stress can inspire us to do our best and to perform better than if we were under no stress. Psychologists tell us that our level This theory says that low and high levels of arousal decrease.
Performance, whereas intermediate levels enhance performance. In other words:we are capable of peak levels of performance when under a
moderate amount of stress. Consider a situation such as taking a test or giving a presentation. Reducing your stressthrough preparation and careful planning leads to a more confident and compete nt performance. The increase in stress motivated and caused you to take action.
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Putting It All Together
Here is a summary of the important facts and information related to stress:

Stress is the emotional and physical strain caused by our response to pressure from the outside world. The mental symptoms of stress include;-tension, irritability, inability to concentrate, feeling excessively tired, and having trouble sleeping. The physical symptoms of stress include dry mouth, a pounding heart, difficulty breathing, stomach upset, frequent urination, sweating palms, and tense muscles that may cause pain and The four types of stress signs include; a) changes in body functions and physical health, b) changes in emotions and feelings, c) changes in behavior, d) And changes in thoughts. Stress has been linked to serious diseases such as heart disease and cancer, and to a variety of other physical and emotional disorders. One method of stress management is called the TARP method, which involves noticing early signs of stress, figuring out the causes, dealing with the effects on the body, and developing good stress-reduction techniques. Other methods of managing stress include; Humor, meditation, hobbies, biofeedback and massage therapy trembling.
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Employees opinion about how to reduce stress

This project consist of the information about the employees undergoing from stress who working in the telecom. So considering this factor this topic becomes one of the most important part of the project as it consists of the opinion of the employees who work in the Telecommunication sector . In short it was a direct interview of the employees who gave their opinion about how to reduce stress. Their valuable opinions about reducing stress as a result of the last question included in the questionnaire. So the opinion if the employees were as follows: Just smile away Just believe in yourself and just do what your heart wants Talking to family members,- Watching TV or listening good music, - Going for a walk or long drive Believe in God Respect yourself and give time to yourself Workings in environment welfares, lot of positive attitude. Positive attitude is only that reduces stress and achieves success. Most of the people frustrate due to lack of positivity and stress level climbs up due to that. So get positive attitude about work, about life, and forget the stress We should do such activities from which we get happiness and also make others happy. Pass your time with your close friends and relatives. Play and watch cricket Listen music and spend time with family Get adjusted with others, Find and spend time for prayer, Study the scriptures, See oneness in all, All are manifested of the supreme GOD These opinions are seemed to be valuable and effective as one of the effective things has been noticed that the employees.
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Research Methodology
Research can be defined as the search for knowledge, or as any systematic investigation, to establish novel facts, solve new or existing problems, prove new ideas, or develop new theories, usually using a scientific method. The primary purpose for basic research is discovering, prating, and the development of methods and systems for the advancement of human knowledge on a wide variety of scientific matters of our world and the universe.
Definition of research:"In the broadest sense of the word, the definition of research includes any gathering of data, information and facts for the advancement of knowledge. According to Martin Shuttle worth A careful investigation or inquiry especially through search for new facts in any branch of knowledge.
Research Design
Research design is simply a plan for a study. This is used as a guide in collecting and analyzing the data. It can be called a blue print to carryout to study. The descriptive research design has been used for the study. Descriptive design is scientific method which involves observing and describing the behavior of a subject without influencing it. In an any way. The project report is based on following on research types: Descriptive Research: - It is fact finding investigation with adequate interpretation. It focuses on particular aspects of problem being studied. It is design to gather descriptive information. Data are collected by using one or more appropriate methods like, observation, interviews and questionnaire. Analytical Research: - In these research facts, information used to make critical evaluation. In analytical research detailed analysis of facts is given.
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Empirical research: - This research is based on experience or observations. It is database research, in which first hand facts are main source of information, evidences gathered through empirical studies or experiments.
Data collection methods

The project is an outcome of survey conducted. A research design is the overall pattern of framework of the project that stipulates what sources and by what procedure. Description research is carried out through survey method. Field work is to b carried out to collect the primary data. The questionnaire was essentially structured in nature and includes multiple choice and open-ended questions. The following data gives the detail description of the methodology:
1. Primary data 2. Secondary data
1. Primary data
The primary or the first hand data will be collected with the help of handing out the questionnaire to the customers &employees. Tools for primary data collection Questionnaire. Personal Interviews.
2. Secondary data
The major source of secondary or supporting data will be internet .Using this data measurement technique, information was collected by personal interviews. Secondary data was collected through company websites, discussions with company guide
Tools for secondary data collection: Books Internet Article 45 | P a g e
Sampling Design
The research was mainly opted on EMPLOYEES survey the sample size selected for survey was 50 employees. Sample Character. Employees of Reliance communication.
Sampling Plan

Sampling unit: Individuals.
Sampling Method: on Probability, Convenience Sampling.
Sampling Size: 50 Employees.
Sampling Character : Employees
Sample Area: RAIPUR TERRITORY
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DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
Analysis of the factors creating work related stress Relationship
I. Are you satisfied with the Behavior from managers/staff?

Response Not at all Occasionally Sometimes All the time Total Numbers of Respondent 8 11 14 17 50 Percentage 16 22 28 34 100
( Behavior from manager and staff )

Not at all Occasionally Sometimes All the time
16% 34% 22%
28%
Interpretations:
Showing the numbers out of 50 employees , 16% employees who feel behavior Not at all Satisfactory , 22% Occasionally, 28% employee feel sometimes ,and 34%
employees feel All the time , thinks that the satisfactory behavior from their managers /staff influence their stress level. Employees are not happy with the behavior of managers
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II. Do you think that you are able to cope with the demands of my job
Response Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree Total
Numbers of Respondent 11 30 6 3 50
Percentage 22 60 12 6 100
Cope up with job

60 40 20 0 Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree
Percentage
Strongly agree 22
Agree 60
Disagree 12
Strongly disagree 6
Interpretations:
Based on the chart, we can infer that 22% of the employees strongly agree, 60% of employee Agree that they are able to cope up with the demands of their jobs so the work pressure is not so much. Only 12 % employee are Disagree and 3% out of them rest employee are Strongly Disagree, are not able to cope up with the demands of their jobs.
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III. Do you feel that there is Lack of management support?
Response Not at all Occasionally Sometimes All the time Total
Percentage 20 44 12 24 100
Lack of management support

Percentage of Respondent
44
24 20 12
Not at all
Occasionally
Sometimes
All the time
Interpretations:
Based on the chart we can infer that out of 50 employees 20% employees who feel Not at all lack of management support , 44% employee feel Occasionally , 12% employees feel sometimes and 24%employees feel all the time lack of management support of employees believe that lack of management support affect their stress level which leads to more absentees which affect their stress level.
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IV. Do you believe that you receive adequate support and information? From your colleagues and superiors
Percentage 16 28 32 24 100
Support and information with superiors, collegues

Percentage
28 16
32 24
I n :
Strongly agree
Agree Disagree Strongly agree
Interpretation
Based on the chart, we can infer that 44%% of the employees agree that they receive adequate support and information from their colleagues and superiors as there is a cordial relation with the superiors and colleagues. And 56% of the employees feel that there is no adequate retrieval of support and information from their colleagues and superiors.
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V. Do you feel that you have Lack of communication with peers?
Percentage 22 24 24 30 100
Lack of communication with peers

Percentage
30 26 22 24
Not at all
Occasionally
Sometimes
All the time
Interpretations:
Based on the chart, we can infer that out of 50 employees , 22% feel Not at all, 24% employees feel Occasionally, 24% employees Sometimes , and 30 % employee feel All the time Lack of communication with peers, employees agree that lack of communication with peers affect their stress level because of which there is no mutual understanding between them.
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VI. Are you Feeling that your work is not valued?
Percentage 24 50 16 10 100
Feeling work is not valued

Percentage
50
24 16 10 Not at all Occasionally Sometimes All the time
Interpretations:
Based on the chart, we can infer that out of 50 employees24 % feel their work is Not at all valued, 50% feel occasionally valued , 16% feel Sometimes valued , and 10% employees feel that their work is All the time not valued, Therefore it affects their stress level which lower their morale and efficiency to work.
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VII. Do you Agree, that you have an unclear job description?
Percentage 16 30 28 26 100
Unclear job Description

30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Not at all Occasionally Sometimes Percentage All the time
Interpretations:
Based on the chart, we can infer that out of 50 employees, 16 % Not at all feel their job profile is unclear, 30% feel Occasionally feel unclear job profile , 28% feel Sometimes job Unclear and 26% employees feel that All the time their job is Unclear , Therefore it affects their stress level which lower their morale and efficiency to work.
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VIII. Do you think that you understand your role and responsibilities within the Organization?
Understand Role and Responsibilities

Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree
4% 16% 28%
52%
Interpretations:
Based on the chart, we can infer that 80% of the employees agree that they understand their roles and responsibilities within the organization as they are clear about what to do on the job and the roles were communicated properly to them.
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IX. Do you feel Pace and intensity of change affects you by physically and mentally?
Response Not at all Occasionally Sometimes Total
Numbers of Respondent 18 23 9 50
Percentage 36 46 18 100
Pace and intensity of change

Not at all Occasionally Sometimes
18% 36%
46%
Interpretations:
Based on the chart, we can infer that 46% and 18% of the employees agree that their stress level is affected with the pace and intensity of change because they are not well informed and new change takes time for being adopted by the employees. And 36% of the employees feel that there is no impact of the pace and intensity of change on their stress level.
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X. Do you get sufficient admin support?
Insufficient admin support

Not at all Occasionally Sometimes All the time
4%
42%
30%
24%
Interpretations:
Based on the chart, we can infer that 66% of the employees agree that in sufficient admin support affect their stress level because of which there is more work absenteeism and turnover.36 % of the employees feel that there is no affect of insufficient admin support on their stress level.
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XI. Do you agree that The organization engages staff frequently when undertaking Organizational change?
Numbers of Respondent
Percentage
5 28 16 1
50
10 56 32 2
100
Organisational change
Percentage
10
56
32
Strongly agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Interpretations:
Based on the chart, we can infer that more than half as a 66%of the employees agree that the organization engages staff frequently when undertaking organizational change as there is mutual trust between the employees and organization and rest 34% people are disagree with this that organization engages staff frequently.
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XII. Do you think that Working hours per week influence your stress level
Percentage 32 28 24 16 100
Working hours influence stress
Strongly disagree 16% Strongly agree 32% Disagree 24%
Agree 28%
Interpretations:
Based on the chart, we can infer that more than half of the employees 40% says and agree that their average number of work hours per week make them occasionally stressful as they have too much of workload . Nearly less than half 40% of the employees feel that their average working hours is manageable and correct for them.
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XIII. Do you think that Your work life is progressive? (Progressive is continuous success in their work).
Percentage 16 28 46 10 100
Working life progressive

Percentage
46
28
16 10
Strongly agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Interpretations:
Based on the chart, we can infer that less than half 44% of the employees agree that their work life is progressive which motivates them to work more and live a peaceful life. More than half 56% of the employees feel that their work life is challenging and sometimes are not able to meet work requirements.
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XIV. Are you satisfied with the program for reducing the stress?
Response Yes No Total
Numbers of Respondent 16 9 25
Percentage 64 36 100
Programme satisfying to Reduce stress

Yes No
36%
64%
Interpretations:
Based on the chart, we can infer that 2/3rd of the employees as 64% are satisfied with the programs for reducing the stress which helped in maintaining a balance between their work and stress and helped in working more efficiently.1/3rd as a 9 of the employees feel that they are not satisfied with the programs which affecting their work.
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LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY:
The project duration was only for 08 weeks (almost 2 month) within which many things cannot be dealt practically. There was a time constraint. Due to limitation of time, only one survey was possible. The respondent response may be genuine while answering the questionnaire although they were bit afraid to reveal the things on matter. The study was relevant to only few departments. Due to organizations own policy some confidential and privacy data was not delivered to me.
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FINDINGS
Most of the respondents are happy surrounded by positive behavior but there are few respondents who get affected by the behavior of the managers/staff. Majority of the respondents say that they are able to cope with the demands of their job. Most of the respondents believe that they do not receive adequate support from their superiors and colleagues. Most of employees feel that lack of support from peers will affect their stress level since majority of respondents believe that they receive adequate support in the organization. Lack of support from peers is not a significant factor for stress for the employees. Majority of the respondents believe that lack of communication with peers and lack of information about what is going on affect their stress level. Maximum of the respondents feel that if their work and efforts are not valued, it affects their stress level. Majority of the respondents believe that unclear job description would affect their stress level, and maximum of them understand their roles and responsibilities. Job ambiguity is not a significant factor for the stress level. Maximum of the respondents believe that the pace and intensity of change occasionally affect their stress level. Maximum of the respondents believe that in sufficient admin support affect their stress level. 62 | P a g e
Most of the respondents believe that the organization engages staff frequently when undertaking organizational change. Many of the respondents agree that the number of working hours per week influences their stress level. Few of the respondents agree that their work life is progressive. Most of respondents are satisfied with the program for reducing their stress.
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CONCLUSIONS
This was an educational excursion along with employees of RELIANCE
COMMUNICATION LTD.
This journey led me towards the wide pool of talent which is spread across the organization. I interacted with employees at different managerial level and their superiors of organization. It was observed that Stress is the emotional and physical strain caused by our response to pressure from the outside world. And it affects with:
a. changes in body functions and physical health, b. changes in emotions and feelings, c. changes in behavior, d. And changes in thoughts. And they are introduce with stress has both aspects not only negative but also positive approach to compete challenge as per this scenario demands. And few of them in employees also feel that stress is an essential part of their life which enhances their capacity and ability towards work. And they love their profession and ready to day to day operation work. Without feel any overload work or stress. Therefore stress is good for making interesting in life to find our self how much we are capable of as per organizations need and requirements.
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SUGGESTIONS
The employees can be given full support from their superiors by appraising their work and efforts. The employees should be given all the information relevant to their job and things going on in the company. The employees should be encouraged and work in their innovative manner with the admin support. The superiors can encourage informal way of interaction and communication with the peers. The employees should be well in advance informed about the change they are bringing in the organization. The stress of the employees can be reduced if there is reduction in their average number of working hours per week. There should be Self esteem Enhancement program. The management may use the technique of Goal setting approach in coordination with the employees Since the organization has conducted a stress management programs, so these programs should focus on the major stressors which affects their stress level The dealing with conflicting situations and work life is the major stressors which affects the employees so efforts should be made to employees at ease Stress is inevitable. There is a need to manage with the stress in present day. Though stress is helpful but usually harmful for his/her health and ultimately affects the performance so stress need to be managed with minimum its debilitating effects. To manage stress in continuous process and essential aspect in everyday life.
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Project On Stress Management

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of the study are as follows:-

To determine the overall consequences of stress on their work.

To study the measures taken to manage stress.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

INTRODUCTION Indias Leading Integrated Telecom Company

Public NSE: RCOM, BSE: 532712

Headquarters Mumbai, India

Anil Ambani (President)

Reliance Globalcom Limited Reliance Big TV Limited

Awards and Achievements:

SWOT ANALYSIS Reliance communication Ltd.

Strength - Brand image - Distribution channel - The new technology launcher

Seasonality, Weather Effects

Deputy General manager Assistant General Manager

PRODUCTS PROFILE Main subsidiaries

Reliance 3G Products and Services

Human Resource Management

controlling human resources for effective achievement of organization goals.

Good stress v/s Bad stress:

What Are The Signs Of Stress?

Facts about stress:

What's Stressful For You?

How Stress Can Hurt:

Dealing with Stress:

A brief time out is the simplest possible approach to stress:

d) Chemicals: alcohol and drugs:

How to Reduce stress 1. Job analysis:

2. Rational & positive thinking:

Other Ways to Manage Stress;

1. Humor. 2. Hobbies. 3. Meditation. 4. Biofeedback. 5. Massage therapy.

Steps for Stress Management

Benefits of Stress Management

About Positive Stress

Putting It All Together

Here is a summary of the important facts and information related to stress:

Employees opinion about how to reduce stress

Data collection methods

1. Primary data 2. Secondary data

Tools for secondary data collection: Books Internet Article 45 | P a g e

Sampling unit: Individuals.

Sampling Method: on Probability, Convenience Sampling.

Sampling Size: 50 Employees.

Sampling Character : Employees

Sample Area: RAIPUR TERRITORY

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Analysis of the factors creating work related stress Relationship

I. Are you satisfied with the Behavior from managers/staff?

( Behavior from manager and staff )

16% 34% 22%

Response Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree Total

Cope up with job

III. Do you feel that there is Lack of management support?

Response Not at all Occasionally Sometimes All the time Total

Lack of management support

All the time

Response Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree Total

Support and information with superiors, collegues

Agree Disagree Strongly agree

V. Do you feel that you have Lack of communication with peers?

Response Not at all Occasionally Sometimes All the time Total