A: HbA1c.

HbA1c is a lab test that shows the average level of blood sugar (glucose) over the previous 3 months. It shows how well you are controlling your diabetes. B: Control your high Blood pressure, if any. Normal blood pressure- <120/80 mmHg. C: Control your blood Cholesterol: Normal cholesterol < 200 mg/dL. LDL <100 mg/dL HDL > 40 mg/dL Triglyceride < 150 mg/dL. D: Diabetic education E: Eye examination for glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and cataract. F: Foot examination G: Glucose monitoring. Fasting or postprandial blood sugar may be checked daily and avoid foods that elevates blood sugar. H: Health maintenance immunization against influenza and pneumococcal pneumonia. I: Indications for specialty care. Heart, kidney, eye should be checked periodically by concerned specialists. * Overall, the risk for death among people with diabetes is about twice that of people of similar age without diabetes. * Adults with diabetes have heart disease death rates about 2 to 4 times higher than adults without diabetes. * The risk for stroke is 2 to 4 times higher among people with diabetes. Weight reduction with diet * Avoid single high concentrated meals. * Small frequent meals. * Food high in fibre content like vegetables, whole pulses, fruits, etc. Ideal combination of diabetic diet should be:-Carbohydrates: 55-60%. Fat: 30%. Proteins: 15-20% (0.8g /kg /body wt). Fibres 40 g/day. DIABETIC DIET Do not eat at all:-Sugar, jam, syrups, honey, sweets, chocolates, fruit juices, ice creams, cold drinks, glucose drinks, cakes and pastries, sweet biscuits, puddings and protein powder with sugar. Eat in moderation:-Bread, chapatis, oat porridge, cornflakes (No sugar), Cheese, butter, Noodles or spaghetti, macroni, Thick soups, Milk & milk products, Chicken, lean meat, fish. Take unrestricted:-* Salads (cucumber, tomato, onion, raddish, salad leaves). * Vegetables (cabbage, baigan, lady fingers, french beans, methi, palak).

* Fruits (except banana, chockoo or mangoes). * Sprouted beans and pulses. * Marie biscuit (with less sugar). * Clear soups, Lemon juice, Buttermilk Adopt DASH diet (Mediterranean diet). Eat a low-cholesterol, low-fat diet, which includes cottage cheese, fat-free milk, fish, vegetables, poultry, and egg whites. Use monounsaturated oils such as olive, peanut, and canola oils or polyunsaturated oils such as corn, safflower, soy, sunflower, cottonseed, and soybean oils. Avoid foods with excess fat in them such as meat (especially liver and fatty meat), egg yolks, whole milk, cream, butter, shortening, pastries, cakes, cookies, gravy, peanut butter, chocolate, olives, potato chips, coconut, cheese (other than cottage cheese), coconut oil, palm oil, and fried foods.