Chapter 3 Movement of Substances across the Plasma Membrane List of PEKA experiments: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

. The movement of substances across a semi-permeable membrane To demonstrate the process of osmosis using simple osmometer Conducting a role-play to show the movement of substances across the plasma membrane Studying the effects of hypotonic, hypertonic and isotonic solutions on animal cells To study the effects of hypotonic, hypertonic and isotonic solutions on plant cells (cell sap of onion cells) Determining the concentration of an external solution which is isotonic to the cell sap of a plant

Number Pg. Title Aim / Objective of the Study Problem Statement Hypothesis

Activity 3.1 (Experiment) 20 The movement of substances across a semipermeable membrane To study the movement of substances across the Visking tubing

What factor influences the diffusion of substances through a semi-permeable membrane? The diffusion of molecules through a semipermeable membrane is based on the size of the molecule Variables Manipulated variable: Size of the solute molecules in the Visking tubing Responding variable: Colour of the solution in Visking tubing Fixed variable: Time, volume of solutions and surrounding temperature Material Benedicts solution 1% starch suspension Iodine solution 30% glucose solution Distilled water Apparatus Visking tubing Cotton thread Test tubes Beakers Water bath (Bunsen burner, tripod stand & wire gauze) Technique Test for the presence of starch and glucose with used iodine and Benedicts solution respectively =============================================== = Number Pg. Title Aim / Objective of the Study Problem Activity 3.2 (Experiment) 23 Studying osmosis using an osmometer To demonstrate the process of osmosis using simple osmometer What substances can diffuse through a semi-

Statement Hypothesis

permeable membrane? Osmosis takes place when water moves from a region of low solute concentration to a region of high solute soncentration across a semi-permeable membrane Variables Manipulated variable: Concentration of solution Responding variable: Increase in the level of sucrose solution / The level of sucrose solution in the capillary tube Fixed variable: Concentration of sucrose solution, surrounding temperature Material 30% sucrose solution Distilled water Apparatus 25 cm capillary tube Visking tubing Retort stand and clamp Cotton thread Ruler Marker pen A pair of scissors 250 ml beaker Syringe Stopwatch Technique Measure and record the increase in the height of used sucrose solution with a ruler. =============================================== = Number Pg. Title Aim / Objective of the Study Activity 3.3 (Simulation) 26 Conducting a role-play to show the movement of substances across the plasma membrane To study the movement of soluble substances across the plasma membrane through the process of passive transport. To study the movement of water molecules across the plasma membrane by osmosis To study the movement of substances across the plasma across the plasma membrane through the process of active transport. Strings

Material

 Cardboard A pair of scissors Marker pen Apparatus Technique Conduct an interesting and creative role-play to used learn the movement of substances across the plasma membrane (phospholipid bilayer) =============================================== = Number Pg. Title Aim / Objective of the Study Material Activity 3.4 (Observation) 27 Studying the effects of hypotonic, hypertonic and isotonic solutions on animal cells To study the effects of hypotonic, hypertonic and isotonic solutions on animal cells (red blood cells)

Fresh chicken blood 0.15 M sodium chloride solutions 0.50 M sodium chloride solutions Distilled water Filter paper Apparatus Glass slides Cover slips Filter papers Light microscope Test tubes Beakers Dropper Technique Observe and study the effects of hypotonic, used hypertonic and isotonic solutions on animal cells from the slides by using microscope =============================================== = Number Pg. Title Aim / Activity 3.5 (Observation) 28 Studying the effects of hypotonic, hypertonic and isotonic solutions on plant cells To study the effects of hypotonic, hypertonic and

Objective of the Study Material

isotonic solutions on plant cells (cell sap of onion cells) Onion bulb 0.5 M sucrose solutions 1.0 M sucrose solutions Distilled water Apparatus Light microscope Glass slides Cover slips Razor blade / scalpel A pair of forceps Mounting needle Filter papers Technique Observe and study the effects of hypotonic, used hypertonic and isotonic solutions on plant cells from the slides by using microscope. =============================================== = Number Pg. Title Aim / Objective of the Study Problem Statement Hypothesis Activity 3.6 (Experiment) 30 Determining the concentration of an external solution which is isotonic to the cell sap of a plant To determine the concentration of an external solution which is isotonic to the cell sap of a plant What is the concentration of an external (sucrose) solution which is isotonic to the cell sap of plants? The concentration of the solution which is isotonic to the cell sap of plant cells has no effect on the mass, length and size of plant cells. 0.36 M sucrose solution is isotonic to the cell sap of plants Manipulated variable: Concentration of sucrose solution Responding variable: Length of potato strips / Mass of potato strips Fixed variable: Volume of sucrose solution used, surrounding temperature and time Fresh potato

Variables

Material

Apparatus

Technique used

Distilled water 0.1 M sucrose solution 0.2 M sucrose solution 0.3 M sucrose solution 0.4 M sucrose solution 0.5 M sucrose solution 0.6 M sucrose solution Petri dishes A pair of forceps Razor blade / Sharp scalpel Cork borer Ruler 50 ml beakers Electronic scale / electronic balance Tissue paper Measure the length of potato strips with ruler Determine the percentage difference in length Mass of potato strips with an electronic balance Determine the percentage difference in mass