http://en.wikipedia.

org/wiki/Bihar Bihar Contents:- Recent turnaround of image/ Etymology of the name/ History/ Geography and climate/ Geography/ Climate/ Flora and fauna/ Demographics/ Government and administration/ Politics/ Economy/ Education/ Culture/ Language and literature/ Arts and crafts/ Performing arts/ Cuisine/ Religion/ Bihar Regiment/ Festivals/ Cinema/ Media/ Transportation/ Tourism Recent turnaround of image Bihar (Hindi: , Urdu: , pronounced [bar] ( listen)) is a state in eastern India.[1][2] It is the 12th largest state in terms of geographical size at 38,202 sq mi (99,200 km) and 3rd largest by population. Close to 85% of the population lives in villages. Almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25,[3] which is the highest proportion in India. Bihar lies mid-way between the humid West Bengal in the east and the sub humid Uttar Pradesh in the west which provides it with a transitional position in respect of climate, economy and culture. It is bounded by the country of Nepal to the north and by Jharkhand to the south. The Bihar plain is divided into two parts by the river Ganges which flows through the middle from west to east. Bihar has notified forest area of 6,764.14 km,[4] which is 6.8% of its geographical area. Hindi and Urdu are the official languages of the state, whilst the majority of the people speak one of these languages Angika, Bhojpuri, Magadhi, Maithili, and Bajjika. Ancient Bihar (which consisted of Anga (East Bihar and some parts of Bengal), Videha/Mithila (north-eastern Bihar and some parts of northern Bengal), Magadha (South Bihar) and Vaishali (Bihar)) was a centre of power, learning and culture in ancient and classical India.[5] From Magadha arose India's first great empire, the Maurya empire as well as one of the world's most widely adhered-to religions, Buddhism.[6] Magadha empires, notably under the Maurya and Gupta dynasties, unified large parts of South Asia under a central rule.[7] Its capital Patna, earlier known as Pataliputra, was an important centre of Indian civilization. Nalanda was a centre of learning established by the 5th century CE in Bihar. Today, Bihar lags behind the other Indian states in human, economic development terms,[8][9][10] Economists and social scientists claim that this is a direct result of the skewed policies of the central government, such as the freight equalisation policy,[11][12] its apathy towards Bihar,[3][13][14] lack of Bihari sub-nationalism (resulting in no spokesperson for the state),[12][15][16] and the Permanent Settlement of 1793 by the British East India Company.[12] The current state government has however made significant strides in improving governance.[17] The improved governance has led to an economic revival[18] in the state through increased investment in infrastructure, better health care facilities, greater emphasis on education, and an abatement in crime and corruption.[19][20] Indian[21] and global business and economic leaders feel that Bihar now has good opportunity to sustain its growth and thus have shown interest in investing in the state.[22][23] A recent New York Times article talks about vastly

improved law and order situation in the state and the phenomenal economic growth shown over the course of last 5 years.[24] Another BBC article titled "Where 'backward' Bihar leads India"[25] talked about how the state has made strides in the areas of women empowerment, judicial reforms, tax reforms, and public safety. Between 2003 and 2008, the inflow of foreign tourists saw a near-sixfold rise from 61,000 to 346,000.[26] Etymology of the name The name Bihar is derived from the Sanskrit and Pali word Vihara[27] (Devanagari: ), which means "abode". The word Vihr is itself derived from the word Brahmavihra,[28] meaning "Brahma abidings", or "sublime attitudes."[29] The region roughly encompassing the present state was dotted with Buddhist vihara, the abodes of Buddhist monks in the ancient and medieval period. Medieval writer Minhaj al-Siraj records in the Tabakat-i-Nasiri that in 1198 AD Bakhtiyar Khalji committed a massacre in a town now known as Sharif (about 70 km away from Bodh Gaya).[30] Minhaj writes that the inhabitants were 100,000 Brahmins[31] with shaven heads and all of them were killed. Later, Bakhtiyar learned that the town was a college, and the word for 'college' is bihar.[30] Perhaps from this destruction came about the current usage of the word 'Vihar'. According to the Rajopankhyana, the place is so called because Jalpeswara Siva made his viharas, or wanderings, there.[32] History Main article: History of Bihar See also: Timeline for Bihar, Magadha, History of Buddhism in India, and Decline of Buddhism in India Gautama Buddha undertaking extreme ascetic practices before his enlightenment on the bank of river Falgu in Bodh Gaya, Bihar. The greatest Indian empire, the Mauryan empire, originated from Magadha in 325 BC, it was started by Chandragupta Maurya who was born in Magadha, and had its capital at Patliputra (modern Patna). The Mauryan Emperor, Ashoka, who was born in Patliputra (Patna) is believed to be one of the greatest rulers in the history of India and the world.[33][34] According to indologist A.L. Basham, the author of the book The Wonder that was India, The age in which true history appeared in India was one of great intellectual and spiritual ferment. Mystics and sophists of all kinds roamed through the Ganges Valley, all advocating some form of mental discipline and asceticism as a means to salvation; but the age of the Buddha, when many of the best minds were abandoning their homes and professions for a life of asceticism, was also a time of advance in commerce and politics. It produced not only philosophers and ascetics, but also merchant princes and men of action. Bihar remained an important place of power, culture and education during the next one thousand years. The Gupta Empire, which again originated from Magadha in 240 CE, is referred to as the Golden Age of India in science, mathematics, astronomy, religion and Indian philosophy. The peace and prosperity created under leadership of Guptas enabled the pursuit of scientific and artistic endeavors. Historians place the Gupta dynasty alongside with

the Han Dynasty, Tang Dynasty and Roman Empire as a model of a classical civilization. The capital of Gupta empire was Pataliputra, present day Patna. The Vikramshila and Nalanda universities were among the oldest and best centres of education in ancient India. Some writers believe the period between the 400 CE and 1000 CE saw gains by Hinduism at the expense of Buddhism.[36][37][38][39] The Hindu kings gave much grants to the Buddhist monks for building Brahmaviharas. A National Geographic edition[40] reads, "The essential tenets of Buddhism and Hinduism arose from similar ideas best described in the Upanishads, a set of Hindu treatises set down in India largely between the eighth and fourth centuries B.C." Kalidasa's Sanskrit play Abhijnakuntala is one of the Legacy of the Gupta Empire. The Buddhism of Magadha was swept away by the Muslim invasion under Muhammad Bin Bakhtiar Khilji, during which many of the viharas and the famed universities of Nalanda and Vikramshila were destroyed, and thousands of Buddhist monks were massacred in 12th century CE.[41][42][43][44][45][46] In the years 155356 Afghan dynasty ruler 'Adil Shah' took the reigns of North-India and made 'Chunar' his capital. He deputed 'Hemu' the Hindu General, also known as 'Hemu Vikramaditya' as his Prime Minister and Chief-of-Army. Hemu fought and won 22 battles continuously against Afghan rebels and Akbar's forces at Agra and Delhi and established 'Hindu Raj' in Delhi, after a foreign rule of 300 years. Hemu, who was bestowed the title of 'Samrat' at Purana Quila, Delhi was then known as 'Samrat Hem Chandra Vikramaditya'. Hemu lost his life while fighting in the 'Second Battle of Panipat' against Akbar's forces on Nov. 7,1556. During 1557 1576, Akbar, the Mughal emperor, annexed Bihar and Bengal to his empire.[47] Thus, the medieval period was mostly one of anonymous provincial existence. The tenth and the last Guru of Sikhism, Guru Gobind Singh was born in Patna. After the Battle of Buxar (1764), the British East India Company obtained the diwani rights (rights to administer, and collect revenue or tax) for Bihar, Bengal and Orissa. From this point, Bihar remained a part the Bengal Presidency of the British Raj until 1912, when the province of Bihar and Orissa was carved out as a separate province. Bihar now celebrates its birthday as Bihar Diwas on 22 March from 2010. In 1935, certain portions of Bihar were reorganised into the separate province of Orissa. Babu Kunwar Singh of Jagdishpur and his army, as well as countless other persons from Bihar, contributed to the India's First War of Independence (1857), also called the Sepoy Mutiny by some historians. Resurgence in the history of Bihar came during the struggle for India's independence. Rajendra Prasad (Sitting left) & Anugrah Narayan Sinha (sitting right) during 1917 Satyagraha movement It was from Bihar that Mahatma Gandhi launched his pioneering civil-disobedience movement, Champaran Satyagraha. Brahmins in Champaran had earlier revolted against indigo cultivation in 1914 (at Pipra) and 1916 (Turkaulia) and Pandit Raj Kumar Shukla took Mahatma Gandhi to Champaran and the Champaran Satyagraha began.[48] Raj Kumar Shukla drew the attention of Mahatma Gandhi to the exploitation of the peasants by

European indigo planters.Champaran Satyagraha received the spontaneous support from many Bihari nationalists like Rajendra Prasad who became the first President of India and Anugrah Narayan Sinha who ultimately became the first Deputy Chief Minister cum Finance Minister of Bihar.[49] In the northern and central regions of Bihar, peasants movement was an important consequence of the Freedom Movement. The Kisan Sabha movement started in Bihar under the leadership of Swami Sahajanand Saraswati who had formed in 1929, the Bihar Provincial Kisan Sabha (BPKS), in order to mobilise peasant grievances against the zamindari attacks on their occupancy rights.[50] Gradually the peasant movement intensified and spread across the rest of India. All these radical developments on the peasant front culminated in the formation of the All India Kisan Sabha (AIKS) at the Lucknow session of the Indian National Congress in April 1936 with Swami Sahajanand Saraswati elected as its first President.[51] This movement aimed at overthrowing the feudal (zamindari) system instituted by the British. It was led by Swami Sahajanand Saraswati and his followers Pandit Yamuna Karjee, Rahul Sankrityayan, Pandit Karyanand Sharma, Baba Nagarjun and others. Pandit Yamuna Karjee along with Rahul Sankritayan and a few others started publishing a Hindi weekly Hunkar from Bihar, in 1940. Hunkar later became the mouthpiece of the peasant movement and the agrarian movement in Bihar and was instrumental in spreading it. Bihar made an immense contribution to the Freedom Struggle, with outstanding leaders like Swami Sahajanand Saraswati, Dr. Rajendra Prasad, Sri Krishna Sinha, Dr.Anugrah Narayan Sinha, Sri. Krishna Ballabh Sahay, Brajkishore Prasad, Mulana Mazharul Haque, Jayaprakash Narayan Satyendra Narayan Sinha, Basawon Singh, Rameshwar Prasad Sinha, Yogendra Shukla, Baikuntha Shukla, Sheel Bhadra Yajee, Pandit Yamuna Karjee and many others who worked for India's freedom relentlessly and helped in the upliftment of the underprivileged masses.[52] Khudiram Bose, Upendra Narayan Jha "Azad", Prafulla Chaki and Baikuntha Shukla were active in revolutionary movement in Bihar. On January 15, 1934, Bihar was devastated by an earthquake of magnitude 8.4. Some 30,000 people were said to have died in the quake. The state of Jharkhand was carved out of Bihar in the year 2000.[53] The 2005 Bihar assembly elections ended 15 years of continuous RJD rule in the state, giving way to NDA led by Nitish Kumar. Bihari migrant workers have faced violence and prejudice in many parts of India, such as Maharashtra, Punjab and Assam, making an impression that India still carries tribal localized mindset despite of more than 50 years of Independence as a Republic.[54][55][56] See also: 2008 attacks on North Indians in Maharashtra Geography and climate Main articles: Geography of Bihar and Climate of Bihar Map of Bihar Topographic map Flooded farmlands in northern Bihar Geography

Bihar is a vast stretch of fertile plain. It is drained by the Ganges River, including its northern tributaries Gandak and Koshi, originating in the Nepal Himalayas and the Bagmati originating in the Kathmandu Valley that regularly flood parts of the Bihar plains. The total area covered by the state of Bihar is 94,163 km. the state is located between 21-58'-10" N ~ 27-31'-15" N latitude and between 82-19'-50" E ~ 88-17'-40" E longitude. Its average elevation above sea level is 173 feet (53 m).The Ganges divides Bihar into two unequal halves and flows through the middle from west to east. Other Ganges tributaries are the Son, Budhi Gandak, Chandan, Orhani and Falgu. Though the Himalayas begin at the foothills, a short distance inside Nepal and to the north of Bihar, the mountains influence Bihar's landforms, climate, hydrology and culture. Central parts of Bihar have some small hills, for example the Rajgir hills. To the south is the Chota Nagpur plateau, which was part of Bihar until 2000 but now is part of a separate state called Jharkhand. Climate Bihar is mildly cold in the winter (the lowest temperatures being in the range from 4 to 10 degrees Celsius; 40 to 50 degrees Fahrenheit). Winter months are December and January. It is hot in the summer (with average highs around 35-40 Celsius; 95-105 Fahrenheit). April to mid June are the hottest months. The monsoon months of June, July, August, and September see good rainfall. October, November and February, March have a pleasant climate. Flora and fauna Peepal tree (The Bodhi Tree at the Mahabodhi Temple is also Peepal tree)' Bauhinia acuminata locally knowns as Kachnaar Main articles: Flora of Bihar and Fauna of Bihar See also: Protected areas of Bihar Bihar has notified forest area of 6,764.14 km, which is 7.1% of its geographical area.[4] The sub Himalayan foothill of Someshwar and the Dun ranges in the Champaran district are another belt of moist deciduous forests. These also consist of scrub, grass and reeds. Here the rainfall is above 1,600 mm and thus promotes luxuriant Sal forests in the area. The most important trees are Shorea Robusta, Sal Cedrela Toona, Khair, and Semal. Deciduous forests also occur in the Saharsa and Purnia districts.[57] Shorea Robusta (sal), Dispyros melanoxylon (kendu), Boswellia serrata (salai), Terminalia tomentose (Asan), Terminalia bellayoica (Bahera), Terminalia Arjuna (Arjun), Pterocarpus Marsupium (Paisar), Madhuca indica (Mahua) are the common flora across the forest of Bihar. The Ganges River dolphins, or "sois" are found in the Ganges and Brahmaputra.This river dolphin is the national aquatic animal of India. It is now considered amongst the most endangered mammals of the region. The dolphins range from 2.3 to 2.6 meters in length. They have impaired vision due to the muddy river water but use sonar signals to navigate.Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary ,near Bhagalpur is set up to ensure the protection of this species. Valmiki National Park, West Champaran district, covering about 800 km of forest, is the 18th Tiger Reserve of India and is ranked fourth in terms of density of tiger population.[58]

It has a diverse landscape, sheltering rich wildlife habitats and floral and faunal composition, along with the prime protected carnivores. Demographics Main article: Demographics of Bihar See also: Bihari people Population growth Census Pop. % 1951 29,085,000 1961 34,841,000 19.8% 1971 42,126,000 20.9% 1981 52,303,000 24.2% 1991 64,531,000 23.4% 2001 82,999,000 28.6% Source:Census of India[59] Bihar is the third most populated state of India with total population of 82,998,509 (43,243,795 male and 39,754,714 female).[60][61] Nearly 85% of Bihar's population lives in rural areas. Almost 58% of Biharis are below 25 years age, which is the highest in India. Density is 881. Sex Ratio is 919 females per 1000 males. Since ancient times, Bihar has attracted migrants and settlers including Bengalis, Turks from Central Asia, Persians, Afghans and Punjabi Hindu Refugees during the Partition of British India in 1947.[62] Bihar has a total literacy rate of 47% (59.7% for males 33.1% for females).[63] Largest cities in Bihar view talk edit City District Population City District Population 1 Patna Patna 1,866,444 Patna Patna Muzzafarpur Muzzafarpur 8 Munger Munger 188,050 2 Gaya Gaya 385,432 9 Chapra Saran 179,190 3 Bhagalpur Bhagalpur 340,767 10 Katihar Katihar 175,199 4 Muzaffarpur Muzaffarpur 305,525 11 Purnia Purnia 171,687 5 Darbhanga Darbhanga 267,348 12 Danapur Patna 131,176 6 Biharsarif Nalanda 232,071 13 Sasaram Rohtas 141,176 7 Arrah Bhojpur 203,380 14 Dehri Rohtas 119,007 Source: Census of India 2001[64] Government and administration Main articles: Government of Bihar and Administration in Bihar See also: Divisions of Bihar and Districts of Bihar Vidhansabha Building, Patna

Bihar State Symbols [65] State bird Coraciasbenghalensis.svg India roller State animal GaurLyd2.png Gaur State flower Bauhinia Acuminata.jpg Kanchnar State tree Pipal.jpg Peepal The constitutional head of the Government of Bihar is the Governor, who is appointed by the President of India. The real executive power rests with the Chief Minister and the cabinet. The political party or the coalition of political parties having a majority in the Legislative Assembly forms the Government. The head of the bureaucracy of the State is the Chief Secretary. Under this position, is a hierarchy of officials drawn from the Indian Administrative Service, Indian Police Service, and different wings of the State Civil Services. The judiciary is headed by the Chief Justice. Bihar has a High Court which has been functioning since 1916. All the branches of the government are located in the state capital, Patna. The state is divided into 09 divisions and 38 districts, for administrative purposes. The various districts included in the divisions - Patna, Tirhut, Saran, Darbhanga, Kosi, Purnia, Bhagalpur, Munger and Magadh Division, are as listed below. District map of Bihar Division Headquarters Districts Bhagalpur Bhagalpur Banka, Bhagalpur Darbhanga Darbhanga Begusarai, Darbhanga, Madhubani, Samastipur Kosi Saharsa Madhepura, Saharsa, Supaul Magadh Gaya Arwal, Aurangabad, Gaya, Jehanabad, Nawada Munger Munger Jamui, Khagaria, Munger, Lakhisarai, Sheikhpura Patna Patna Bhojpur, Buxar, Kaimur, Patna, Rohtas, Nalanda Purnia Purnia Araria, Katihar, Kishanganj, Purnia Saran Chapra Gopalganj, Saran, Siwan Tirhut Muzaffarpur East Champaran, Muzaffarpur, Sheohar, Sitamarhi, Vaishali, West Champaran Politics Main article: Politics of Bihar See also: Political parties in Bihar, Elections in Bihar Dr. Rajendra Prasad, first President of India Dr Sri Krishna Sinha (right) with Dr Anugrah Narayan Sinha (left) during swearing-in ceremony of independent Bihar's first government on 15 August 1947 Jayaprakash Narayan called for Sampurna Kranti - total revolution - at a historic rally of students at Patna's Gandhi Maidan on 5 June 1975. Bihar was an important part of India's struggle for independence. Gandhi became the mass leader only after the Champaran Satyagraha that he launched on the repeated request of a

local leader, Raj kumar Shukla, he was supported by great illumanaries like Rajendra Prasad, Sri Krishna Sinha, Anugrah Narayan Sinha and Brajkishore Prasad. The first Bihar governments in 1937 and 1946 were led by two eminent leaders Sri Babu (Dr. Sri Krishna Sinha) and Anugrah Babu (Dr. Anugrah Narayan Sinha) who were men of unimpeachable integrity and great public spirit.[66] They ran an exemplary government in Bihar.[66] Bihar was rated as the best administered among the states in the country at that time.[67] Even after independence, when India was falling into an autocratic rule during the regime of Indira Gandhi, the main thrust to the movement to hold elections came from Bihar under the leadership of Jayaprakash Narayan. The airport of Patna is also named after him. This resulted in two things: 1. Bihar gained an anti-establishment image. The establishment-oriented press often projected the state as indiscipline and anarchy. 2. As a result, the identity of Bihar, representing a glorious past, was lost. Its voice often used to get lost in the din of regional clamor of other states, specially the linguistic states like Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, etc. Since the regional identity was slowly getting sidelined, its place was taken up by caste based politics, power initially being in the hands of the Bhumihar, Kayastha, Rajput,and Brahmin . After Independence, the power was shared by the two great Gandhians Dr. Sri Krishna Sinha, who later became the first chief minister of Bihar and Dr. Anugrah Narayan Sinha, who decidedly was next to him in the cabinet and served as the first deputy chief minister cum Finance Minister of Bihar. In the late 60s, the death of Mr. Lalit Narayan Mishra, the Indian Railway minister (who was killed by a hand grenade attack for which Central leadership is blamed most of the time) pronounced the end of indigenous work oriented mass leaders. For two decades, the Congress ruled the state with the help of puppet chief ministries hand in glove with the central government (Mrs. Indira Gandhi ignoring the welfare of the people of the state. It was at this time that Chandrashekhar Singh became the Chief Minister. It was the time when a prominent leader like Satyendra Narayan Sinha took sides with the Janata Party and deserted congress from where his political roots originated, following the ideological differences with the congress. Idealism did assert itself in the politics from time to time, viz, 1977 when a wave defeated the entrenched Congress Party and then again in 1989 when Janata Dal came to power on an anti corruption wave. In between, the socialist movement tried to break the stranglehold of the status quoits under the leadership of Mahamaya Prasad Sinha and Karpoori Thakur. Unfortunately, this could not flourish, partly due to the impractical idealism of these leaders and partly due to the machinations of the central leaders of the Congress Party who felt threatened by a large politically aware state. Communist Party in Bihar was formed in 1939. The Communist movement in Bihar was led by veteran communist leaders like the venerable Pandit Karyanand Sharma, Indradeep Sinha, Sunil Mukherjee, Jagannath Sarkar, Rahul sanskritayan, Karyanand Sharma and others.,[66]

Communist Party in Bihar was a formidable force. They were in the forefront of all the progressive movements in Bihar. It was Communist Party of Bihar headed by Jagannath Sarkar fought against the "total revolution" of Jaya Prakash Narain. Janata Dal came to power in the state in 1990 on the back of its victory at the national stage in 1989. Lalu Prasad Yadav became Chief Minister after winning the race of legislative party leadership by a slender margin against Ram Sundar Das, a former chief minister from the Janata Party and close to eminent Janata Party leaders like Chandrashekhar and S N Sinha. Later, Lalu Prasad Yadav gained popularity with the masses through a series of popular and populist measures. The principled socialists, Nitish Kumar included, gradually left him and Lalu Prasad Yadav by 1995, was both Chief Minister as well as the President of his party, Rashtriya Janata Dal. He was a charismatic leader who had the people's support. But he couldn't bring the derailed wagon of development of the state onto the track. When corruption charges got serious, he quit the post of CM but anointed his wife as the CM and ruled through proxy. In this period, the administration deteriorated quickly. By 2004, 14 years after's Lalu's victory, The Economist magazine said that "Bihar [had] become a byword for the worst of India, of widespread and inescapable poverty, of corrupt politicians indistinguishable from mafia-dons they patronise, caste-ridden social order that has retained the worst feudal cruelties".[68] In 2005, the World Bank believed that issues faced by the state was "enormous" because of "persistent poverty, complex social stratification, unsatisfactory infrastructure and weak governance".[69] In 2005, as disaffection reached a crescendo among the masses including the middle classes, the RJD was voted out of power and Lalu Prasad Yadav lost an election to a coalition headed by his previous ally and now rival Nitish Kumar. Despite the separation of financially richer Jharkhand, Bihar has actually seen more positive growth in recent years under his leadership. Currently, there are two main political formations: the NDA which comprises Janata Dal and Bharatiya Janata Party and the Rashtriya Janata Dal led coalition which also has the Indian National Congress. There are myriad other political formations. Ram Vilas Paswan led Lok Janshakti Party is a constituent of the UPA at the centre, but does not see eye to eye with Lalu Prasad Yadav's RJD in Bihar. Bihar People's Party is a small political formation in the northern regions. The Communist Party of India had a strong presence in Bihar at one time, but is weakened now. The CPM and Forward Bloc have a minor presence, along with the other extreme Left. In the 2010 state elections Bihar's current Chief Minister Nitish Kumar led government got thundurous support from public and won 205 seats out of 243 seats. Analysts and even Nitish Kumar's political opponents credit Kumar's excellent pro-public governance centred around development, curb on crime and corruption and given importance of all sections of society.[citation needed] In past 5 years Bihar has done remarkable[peacock term] progress and have implemented many novel ideas, for which it is taken in high steam by other states of India. The recent performance in assembly election and mature voting by people of Bihar, which also saw for the first time in Indian electorates the highest number of female voting, is being called as something to follow all over India to bring political maturity in the nation and improve the quality of governance and politicians by rightfully exercising

the democratic rights in true sense. Bihar is credited to set this example. Also after coming to power again in 2010, the current government immediately statrted its movement against corruption by confiscating properties of corrupt officials and opening schools in them.[citation needed] Simultaneously they introduced Bihar Special Court Act to curb crime.[citation needed] Economy Main article: Economy of Bihar Bihar accounts for 65% of India's annual litchi production.[72] Farm workers in Bihar The economy of Bihar is largely service oriented, but it also has a significant agricultural base. The state also has a small industrial sector. As of 2008, agriculture accounted for 35%, industry 9% and service 55% of the economy of the state.[73] Manufacturing sector performed very poorly in the state between 2002 2006, with an average growth rate of 0.38% compared to India's 7.8%. However, largely due to the efforts made by Chief Minister Mr.Nitish Kumar, Bihar has become the second best manufacturing state in India[citation needed]. Bihar was the lowest GDP per capita in India, although there are pockets of higher than the average per capita income.[74] Between 1999 and 2008, GDP grew by 5.1% a year, which was below the Indian average of 7.3%.[75] More recently, Bihar's state GDP recorded a growth of 18% between 20062007[76], and stood at 94251 Crores Rupees[77] ($21 billion nominal GDP). This makes Bihar the fastest growing major state. In actual terms, Bihar state GDP is ranked 2nd out of 28 states.[citation needed] Corruption is an import hurdle for the government to overcome according to Transparency International India, which highlighted Bihar as the Union's most corrupt state in a 2005 report. Despite the recent economic gains, significant challenges remain and the government has also stated that combating corruption is now the biggest challenge the administration is faced with .Bihar has seen a sea change under the Nitish Kumar regime.[78][79] Life expectancy in Bihar (61 years) which is almost on par with the national life expectancy of 62.7 years.[80] A village market Bihar has significant levels of production of mango, guava, litchi, pineapple, brinjal, cauliflower, bhindi, and cabbage in India.[81] Despite the states leading role in food production, investment in irrigation and other agriculture facilities has been inadequate in the past. Historically, the sugar and vegetable oil industries were flourishing sectors of Bihar. Until the mid fifties, 25% of India's sugar output was from Bihar. Dalmianagar was a large agro - industrial town. There have been attempts to industrialize the state between 1950 and 1980: an oil refinery in Barauni, a motor scooter plant at Fatuha, and a power plant at Muzaffarpur. However, these were forced to shut down due to central government policy which neutralized the strategic advantages of Bihar. Hajipur, near Patna, remains a major industrial town in the state, linked to the capital city through the Ganges bridge and good road infrastructure. The state's debt was estimated at 77% of GDP by 2007.[82] The Finance Ministry has given top priority to create investment opportunities for big industrial houses like Reliance. Further

developments have taken place in the growth of small industries, improvements in IT infrastructure, the new software park in Patna, and the completion of the expressway from the Purvanchal border through Bihar to Jharkhand. In August 2008, a Patna registered company called the Security and Intelligence Services (SIS) India Limited[83] took over the Australian guard and mobile patrol services business of American conglomerate, United Technologies Corp (UTC). SIS is registered and taxed in Bihar.[84] The capital city, Patna, is one of the better off cities in India when measured by per capita income.[85]^ Education Main articles: Education in Bihar and Literacy in Bihar See also: List of educational institutions in Bihar Historically, Bihar has been a major centre of learning, home to the ancient universities of Nalanda (established in 450 CE), Odantapur ( established in 550CE) and Vikramshila (established in 783 AD).[86] Unfortunately, that tradition of learning which had its origin from the time of Buddha or perhaps earlier, was lost during the medieval period when it is believed that marauding armies of the invaders destroyed these centres of learning.[87] Bihar saw a revival of its education system during the later part of the British rule when they established Patna University (established in 1917) which is the seventh oldest university of the Indian subcontinent.[88] Some other centres of high learning established by the British rule are Patna College (established in 1839), Bihar School of Engineering (established in 1900; now known as National Institute of Technology, Patna), Prince of Wales Medical College (established in 1925; now Patna Medical College and Hospital), Science College, Patna (established in 1928) among others. After independence Bihar lost the pace in terms of establishing a centre of education. Modern Bihar has a grossly inadequate educational infrastructure creating a huge mismatch between demand and supply. This problem further gets compounded by the growing aspirations of the people and an increase in population. The craving for higher education among the general population of Bihar has led to a massive migration of the student community from the state. Literacy rate from 1951~2001[89] Year Total Males Females 1951 13.49 22.68 4.22 1961 21.95 35.85 8.11 1971 23.17 35.86 9.86 1981 32.32 47.11 16.61 1991 37.49 51.37 21.99 2001 47.53 60.32 33.57 Bihar being a comparatively less literate state in India, with women's literacy being only 33.57%, is striving to climb as the government has established various educational institutions. At the time of independence, women's literacy in Bihar was 4.22%. It is a pleasant surprise to find that in spite of the meagre investment on education in Bihar, specially compared to other Indian states, the students have done very well. Famed national institutes of learning such as IITs, IIMs, NITs and AIIMS have always have had a good representation from Bihar which is usually higher than their proportion of the population.

Bihar has a National Institute of Technology (NIT) in Patna and an Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)in Patna. Other institutions of higher learning, and coveted positions in the government also show a greater share than the percentage of their population. A recent survey by Pratham[90] rated the absorption of their teaching by the Bihar children better than those in other states. Bihar established several new education institutes between 2006-2008. BIT Mesra started its Patna extension centre in September 2006. On 8 August 2008, IIT of India was inaugurated in Patna with students from all over India.[91] National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)[92] is being set up in Hajipur. On 4 August 2008, National Institute of Fashion Technology, Patna was established as 9th NIFT of India.[93] Chanakya National Law University a law university and Chandragupt Institute of Management a management institute was established in later half of 2008.Steps to revive the ancient Nalanda University as Nalanda International University is being taken for which countries like Japan, Korea and China have also taken initiatives. The Aryabhatt Knowledge University is almost framed to start in Patna this year to deal with technical & medical studies & research. The A.N. Sinha Institute[94] of Social Studies is a premier research institute in the state. Bihar is pioneer in the field of yoga with its internationally renowned institute Bihar School of Yoga in Munger. Bihar e-Governance Services & Technologies (BeST) and the Government of Bihar have initiated a unique program to establish a centre of excellence called Bihar Knowledge Centre, a finishing school to equip students with the latest skills and customized short-term training programs at an affordable cost. The centre aims to attract every youth of the state to hone up their technical, professional and soft skills and prepare them for the present industry requirement/job market.[95] Culture Main article: Culture of Bihar Language and literature Main articles: Languages in Bihar and Literature in Bihar See also: Angika, Bhojpuri, Magadhi, Maithili language, Magadhi Prakrit, Hindi in Bihar, and Urdu Language in Bihar Hindi and Urdu are the official languages of the state (recently Maithili is also included as one of the official languages of the state, although the usage of the language for official purposes is negligible), while the majority of the people speak one of the Bihari languages Bhojpuri, or Magadhi,. Presently Bihari languages are considered one of the five subgroups of Hindi; however, Maithili was declared a separate language. However, these are considered to be derived from the language of the erstwhile Magadha kingdom - Magadhi Prakrit, along with Bengali, Assamese, and Oriya. Bihari Hindi, a slang form of Standard Hindi, is used as a lingua franca and many speak it as their first language throughout the state. A small minority also speak Bengali, mainly in big districts or along the border area with West Bengal. Many Bengali speakers are people from West Bengal or Hindu people from

erstwhile East Pakistan who immigrated during the Partition of India in 1947. Though Urdu and Bihari languages may relate to each other, however they are different in many ways. Few words in Bihari language sounds same as they are spoken in Urdu. for e.g. Sulf-nazuk in Bihari is Sinf-e-Nazuk in Urdu. Also, masculine and feminine words are often not clear in Bihari language as these are in Urdu. There is a common misconception that all Biharis speak Bhojpuri. Though it is 9th Largest language based on native which speak it; but majority of them are in Eastern UP and western Bihar.In Bihar about 40% of Legislative Assembly Seats fall in Bhojpuri speaking areas. The remaining people speaks Magahi,Maithili Angika and Vajjika. Angika is closely related to Maithili but many people today consider it different from Maithili. In spite of the large number of speakers of Bihari languages, they have not been constitutionally recognized in India. Hindi is the language used for educational and official matters in Bihar.[96] These languages were legally absorbed under the subordinate label of HINDI in the 1961 Census. Such state and national politics have created conditions for language endangerment.[97] The first success for spreading Hindi occurred in Bihar in 1881, when Hindi displaced Urdu as the sole official language of the province. In this struggle between competing Hindi and Urdu, the potential claims of the three large mother tongues in the region - Magahi, Bhojpuri and Maithili were ignored. After independence Hindi was again given the sole official status through the Bihar Official Language Act, 1950.[98] Urdu became the second official language in the undivided State of Bihar on 16 August 1989. Nagarjun, known as People's poet The relationship of Maithili community with Bhojpuri and Magahi communities the immediate neighbors have been neither very pleasant nor very hostile. Maithili has been the only one among them which has been trying to constantly deny superimposition of Hindi over her identity. As of now Maithili is a separate language that uses Devanagari as the writing script rather than its own script Mithilakshar/Tirhuta due to lack of the development of the printing press and also due to ignorance. The other two have given up their claims and have resigned to accept the status of dialects of Hindi. Bihar has produced a number of writers and scholars, including Mahamahopadhyaya Pandit Ram Avatar Sharma, R. K. Sinha, Raja Radhika Raman Singh, Shiva Pujan Sahay, Divakar Prasad Vidyarthy, Ramdhari Singh 'Dinkar', Ram Briksh Benipuri, Phanishwar Nath 'Renu', Pandit Nalin Vilochan Sharma, Gopal Singh "Nepali", Baba Nagarjun, Mridula Sinha, and Pankaj Rag. Mahapandit Rahul Sankrityayan, the great writer and Buddhist scholar, was born in U.P. but spent his life in the land of Lord Buddha, i.e., Bihar.Hrishikesh Sulabh is the prominent writer of the new generation. He is short story writer, playwright and theatre critic. Arun Kamal and Aalok Dhanwa are the well-known poets. Different regional languages also have produced some prominent poets and authors. Sharat Chandra Chattopadhyay, who is among the greatest writers in Bangla, resided for some time in Bihar. Of late, the latest Indian writer in English, Upamanyu Chatterjee also hails from Patna in Bihar. Devaki Nandan Khatri, who rose to fame at the beginning of the 20th century on account of his novels such as Chandrakanta and Chandrakanta Santati, was born in

Muzaffarpur, Bihar. Vidyapati Thakur is the most renowned poet of Maithili (c. 14-15th century). Interestingly, the first Indian author in English was a Bihari, Deen Mohammad. Among the contemprory writers in English Amitava Kumar, Tabish Khair and Sidhharth Chaoudhary are important names. Sidhharth Chaoudhary has been shortlisted for 2009 Man Asia Literary prize for his book Day Scholar.Bihar has also made important contributions to Urdu literature. Shad Azimabadai, Nasikh, Jamil Mazhari and Mazhar Imam as eminent poets; Suhail Azimabadi, Akhtar Orenivi, Shaukat Hayat and Shamoel Ahmed as short story writers; and Paigham Afaqui (novel Makaan), Abdus Samad (novel Do Gaz Zameen), Husainul Haque (novel Farat),Ilyas Ahmed Gaddi (novel Fire Area) enjoy special place in global literature. The literary and cultural movement Bhookhi Peedhi, or Hungry Generation, was launched from Bihar's capital in November 1961 by two brothers, Samir Roychoudhury and Malay Roy Choudhury. The movement impacted most of the Indian languages of the time. Urdu is second government language in Bihar which is the mother tongue of Muslims who form about 17% of state's population. Near 25% people in Bihar read and write Urdu. Bihar has produced many Urdu scholars, such as Shaad Azimabadi, Jamil Maz'hari, Khuda Baksh Khan, Maulana Shabnam Kamali, Bismil Azimabadi (poet known for the patriotic ghazal "Sarfaroshi ki tamanna ab hamare dil mein hai"), Kaif Azimabadi, Rasikh Azimabadi, and in these days, Kalim Aajiz. Arts and crafts See also: Madhubani art Madhubani painting Madhubani painting is a style of Indian painting practiced in the Mithila region of Bihar. Tradition states that this style of painting originated at the time of the Ramayana, when King Janak commissioned artists to do paintings at the time of marriage of his daughter, Sita, to Lord Ram. The painting was traditionally done on freshly plastered mud wall of huts, but now it is also done on cloth, hand-made paper and canvas. Madhubani painting mostly depict nature and Hindu religious motifs, and the themes generally revolve around Hindu deities like Krishna, Ram, Shiva, Durga, Lakshmi, and Saraswati. Natural objects like the sun, the moon, and religious plants like tulsi are also widely painted, along with scenes from the royal court and social events like weddings. Generally no space is left empty. Traditionally, painting was one of the skills that was passed down from generation to generation in the families of the Mithila Region, mainly by women. The painting was usually done on walls during festivals, religious events, and other milestones of the life-cycle such as birth, Upanayanam (Sacred thread ceremony), and marriage. Manjusha Kala or Angika Art is an art form of Anga region of Bihar. Notably artist Jahar Dasgupta born in Jamshedpur, Bihar which is presently under state Jharkhand. A painting of the city of Patna, on the River Ganges, Patna School of Painting Patna School of Painting or Patna Qalaam, some times also called Company painting, offshoot of the well-know Mughal Miniature School of Painting flourished in Bihar during early 18th to mid 20th century. The practitioners of this art form were descendants of Hindu

artisans of Mughal painting who facing persecution from the Mughal Emperor, Aurangzeb found refuge, via Murshidabad, in Patna during late 18th century. They shared the characteristics of the Mughal painters, but unlike them (whose subjects included only royalty and court scenes), the Patna painters also started painting bazaar scenes. The paintings were executed in watercolours on paper and on mica. Favourite subjects were scenes of Indian daily life, local rulers, and sets of festivals and ceremonies. Most successful were the studies of natural life, but the style was generally of a hybrid and undistinguished quality. It is this school of painting that formed the nucleus for the formation of the Patna Art School under the leadership of Shri Radha Mohan. College of Arts and Crafts, Patna is an important centre of fine arts in Bihar. Artisans selling their work near GPO Patna. The artisans of Bihar have been very skillful in creating articles using local materials. Baskets, cups and saucers made from bamboo-strips or cane reed are painted in vivid colors are commonly found in Bihari homes. A special container woven out of Sikki Grass in the north, the "pauti", is a sentimental gift that accompanies a bride when she leaves her home after her wedding. The weavers of Bihar have been practicing their trade for centuries. Among their products in common use are the cotton dhurries and curtains. They are produced by artisans in central Bihar, particularly in the Patna and Biharsharif areas. These colourful sheets, with motifs of Buddhist artifacts, pictures of birds, animals, and/or flowers, gently wafting in the air through doors and windows, blown by a cool summer breeze, used to be one of the most soothing sights as one approached a home or an office. Bhagalpur is well known for its seri-culture, manufacture of silk yarn and weaving them into lovely products. It is known as the tussah or tusser silk. Performing arts Main article: Music of Bihar Magahi folk singers Bharat Ratna Ustad Bismillah Khan, from Dumraon, Bihar Bihar has contributed to the Indian (Hindustani) classical music and has produced musicians like Bharat Ratna Ustad Bismillah Khan, who later migrated out of Bihar. Dhrupad singers like the Malliks (Darbhanga Gharana) and the Mishras (Bettiah Gharana), who were patronised by the Zamindars of Darbhanga and Bettiah respectively, have produced maestros like Ram Chatur Mallik, Abhay Narayan Mallick, Indra Kishore Mishra. Perhaps, not well acknowledged and commercialised as those from the Dagar school of Dhrupad, they have kept the Dhrupad tradition in perhaps the purest forms. Gaya was another centre of excellence in classical music, particularly of the Tappa and Thumri variety. Pandit Govardhan Mishra, son of the Ram Prasad Mishra, himself, an accomplished singer, is perhaps the finest living exponent of Tappa singing in India today, according to Padmashri Gajendra Narayan Singh, former Chairman of Bihar Sangeet Natak Academy. Gajendra Narayan Singh also writes in his latest book "surile Logon Ki Sangat" that Champanagar, Banaili was another major centre of classical music. Rajkumar Shyamanand Sinha of Champanagar Banaili estate was a great patron of music and himself, was one of the finest

exponents of classical vocal music in Bihar in his time. Gajendra Narayan Singh in his other book "Swar Gandh" has written that "Kumar Shyamanand Singh of Banaili estate had such expertise in singing that many great singers including Kesarbai Kerkar were convinced about his prowess in singing. After listening to Bandishes from Kumar Saheb, Pandit Jasraj was moved to tears and lamented that alas! he could have such ability himself" (free translation of Hindi text). Bihar has a very old tradition of beautiful folk songs, sung during important family occasions, such as marriage, birth ceremonies, festivals, etc. and the most famous folk singer has been Padma Shri Sharda Sinha. They are sung mainly in group settings without the help of many musical instruments like Dholak, Bansuri and occasionally Tabla and Harmonium are used. Bihar also has a tradition of lively Holi songs known as 'Phagua', filled with fun rhythms. During the 19th century, when the condition of Bihar worsened under the British misrule, many Biharis had to migrate as indentured laborers to West Indian islands, Fiji, and Mauritius. During this time many sad plays and songs called biraha became very popular, in the Bhojpur area. Dramas on that theme continue to be popular in the theaters of Patna. Dance forms of Bihar are another expression of rich traditions and ethnic identity. There are several folk dance forms that can keep one enthralled, such as dhobi nach, jhumarnach, manjhi, gondnach, jitiyanach, more morni, dom-domin, bhuiababa, rah baba, kathghorwa nach, jat jatin, launda nach, bamar nach, jharni, jhijhia, natua nach, bidapad nach, sohrai nach, and gond nach. Theatre is another form in which the Bihari culture expresses itself. Some forms of theater with rich traditions are Bidesia, Reshma-Chuharmal, Bihula-Bisahari, Bahura-Gorin, Raja Salhesh, Sama Chakeva, and Dom Kach. These theater forms originate in the Anga region of Bihar. Cuisine Main article: Cuisine of Bihar The cuisine of Bihar for the Hindu upper and middle classes is predominantly vegetarian, but eating non-vegetarian food is also popular. However, people discourage eating meat daily and many Hindus don't eat meat during Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday. The Muslims in Bihar however do generally eat meat as well as vegetables. In Bihar people generally eat boiled rice and daal etc. and no Roti during lunch and Roti is eaten in night with vegetables. The traditional cooking medium is mustard oil. Khichdi, a broth of rice and lentils seasoned with spices and served with several accompanying items, constitutes the mid-day meal for most Hindu Biharis on Saturdays. The favourite dish among Biharis is litti-chokha. Litti is made up of dough stuffed with sattu (ground powder coming from roasted brown chickpeas) then boiled in water. It is then fried in oil, but little oil is used since it has been pre-boiled. The other way of cooking Litti is grilling it on red hot coal. Chokha is made of mashed potatoes, fried onions, salt, cilantro, and carrom seeds. Litti is also accompanied with ghee and channa (small brown chickpeas with onions and masala). Chitba and Pitthow which are prepared basically from rice, are special foods of the Anga region. Tilba and Chewda of Katarni rice are also special preparations of Anga. Kadhi bari is

a popular favorite and consists of fried soft dumplings made of besan (gram flour) that are cooked in a spicy gravy of yoghurt and besan. This dish goes very well with plain rice. Bihar offers a large variety of sweet delicacies which, unlike those from Bengal, are mostly dry. These include Anarasa, Belgrami, Chena Murki, Motichoor ke Ladoo, Kala Jamun, Kesaria Peda, Khaja, Khurma, Khubi ki Lai, Laktho, Parwal ki Mithai, Pua & Mal Pua, Thekua, Murabba and Tilkut.Tilkut and Anarsa from gaya is world famous and LAI from Dhanarua is also famous. Gurahi Laddu is also famous from Bhabua. Many of these originate in towns in the vicinity of Patna. Several other traditional salted snacks and savouries popular in Bihar are Chiwra, Dhuska, Litti, Makhana and Sattu. Khaja from Silaw, Nalanda is very famous in whole of state. There is a distinctive Bihari flavor to the non-vegetarian cuisine as well, although some of the names of the dishes may be the same as those found in other parts of North India. Roll is a typical Bihari non-vegetarian dish. These are popular and go by the generic name Roll Bihari in and around Lexington Avenue (South) in New York City. There is a very popular non-vegetarian dish called Tash, made by frying marinated mutton and eaten with Chewra, the flattened rice. This particular dish is popular in Motihari and Bettiah. Fish Curry cooked in mustard paste with Rice maaach-bhaat is also a popular dish in non-vegetarian Maithili homes. Islamic culture and food, with Bihari flavor are also part of Bihar's unique confluence of cultures. Famous food items include Biharee Kabab, Shami Kabab, Nargisi Kufte, Shabdeg, Yakhnee Biryanee, Motton Biryani, Shaljum Gosht, Baqer Khani, Kuleecha, Naan Rootee, Sawee ka Zarda, Qemamee Sawee, Gajar ka Halwa, Ande ka ZfraniHalwa, etc. people in bihar use to cook mutton and chicken in very different and and a special way..which is generally known as mutton and chicken curry but very different from the same dish found any where in India mutton stew very famous dish in bettiah and motihari cooked with equal amount of onion and mutton non-veg dishes in bihar is very spicy and people use different type of spice which is generally called khada garam masala. in bihar. sik kebab is also very famous nonveg dish in bihar mainly in champaran... people in bihar prefer to have nonveg item with paratha other than rice. vegetable dish called bhujia is only found in bihar, which cooked by frying vegetables in mustard oil without any spice Religion Main article: Religion in Bihar Religion in Bihar Religion Percent Hinduism 83% Islam 16% Other 1% Buddha's statue at Bodh Gaya's temple Vishnupadh Temple, Gaya, Bihar

Gautam Buddha attained Enlightenment at Bodh Gaya, a town located in the modern day district of Gaya in Bihar. Vardhamana Mahavira, the 24th and the last Tirthankara of Jainism, was born in Vaishali around sixth century BC.[99] A typical Hindu Brahmin household would begin the day with the blowing of a conch shell at dawn. In rural Bihar, religion is the main component of popular culture. Shrines are located everywhere - even at the foot of trees, roadsides, etc., religious symbols or images of deities can be found in the most obscure or the most public places. From the dashboard of a dilapidated taxi to the plush office of a top executive, holy symbols or idols have their place. There are many variations on the festival theme. While some are celebrated all over the state, others are observed only in certain areas. However Bihar is so diverse that different regions and religions have something to celebrate at some time or the other during the year. So festivals take place round the year. Many of these are officially recognized by the days on which they take place being proclaimed as government holidays. Bihar Regiment One of the battle cry of the Bihar Regiment, consisting of 17 battalions, is "Jai Bajrang Bali" (Victory to Lord Hanuman).[100] Festivals See also: Chhath The Morning Worship Dala Chhath. Chhath, also called Dala Chhath - is an ancient and major festival in Bihar, and is celebrated twice a year: once in the summers, called the Chaiti Chhath, and once around a week after Deepawali, called the Kartik Chhath. The latter is more popular because winters are the usual festive season in North India, and Chhath being an arduous observance requiring the worshippers to fast without water for more than 24 hours, is easier to do in the Indian winters. Chhath is the worship of the Sun God. Wherever people from Bihar have migrated, they have taken with them the tradition of Chhath. This is a ritual bathing festival that follows a period of abstenance and ritual segregation of the worshiper from the main household for two days. On the eve of Chhath, houses are scrupulously cleaned and so are the surroundings. The ritual bathing and worship of the Sun God takes place, performed twice: once in the evening and once on the crack of the dawn, usually on the banks of a flowing river, or a common large water body. The occasion is almost a carnival, and besides every worshipper, usually women, who are mostly the main ladies of the household, there are numerous participants and onlookers, all willing to help and receive the blessings of the worshiper. Ritual rendition of regional folk songs, carried on through oral transmission from mothers and mothers-in-law to daughters and daughters-in-law, are sung on this occasion for several days on the go. These songs are a great mirror of the culture, social structure, mythology and history of Bihar and eastern Uttar Pradesh. Chhath being celebrated at the crack of the dawn is a beautiful, elating spiritual experience connecting the modern Indian to his ancient cultural roots. Chhath is believed to be started by Karna, the king of Anga Desh (modern Bhagalpur region of Bihar).

Among ritual observances, the month-long Shravani Mela, held along a 108-kilometre route linking the towns of Sultanganj and Deoghar (now in Jharkhand state), is of great significance. Shravani Mela is organised every year in the Hindu month of Shravan, that is the lunar month of JulyAugust. Pilgrims, known as Kanwarias, wear saffron coloured clothes and collect water from a sacred Ghat (river bank) at Sultanganj, walking the 108 km stretch barefooted to the town of Deoghar to bathe a sacred Shiva Linga. The observance draws thousands of people to the town of Deoghar from all over India. Teej and Chitragupta Puja are other local festivals celebrated with fervor in Bihar. BihulaBishari Puja is celebrated in the Anga region of Bihar. The Sonepur cattle fair is a month long event starting approximately half a month after Deepawali and is considered the largest cattle fair in Asia. It is held on the banks of the Son River in the town of Sonepur. The constraints of the changing times and new laws governing the sale of animals and prohibiting the trafficking in exotic birds and beasts have eroded the once-upon-a-time magic of the fair. Apart from Chhath, all major festivals of India are celebrated in Bihar, such as Makar Sankranti, Saraswati Puja, Holi, Eid-ul-Fitr, Eid-ul-Adha (often called Eid-ul-Zuha in the Indian Subcontinent), Muharram, Ram Navami, Rath yatra, Rakshabandhan, Maha Shivaratri, Durga Puja is celebrated with a grandeur akin to the neighbouring state of Bengal, Diwali, Kali Puja/Shyama Puja/Nisha Puja is celebrated in the Mithilanchal portion, Kojagra is also celebrated in the Mithilanchal region, Laxmi Puja, Christmas, Mahavir Jayanti, Buddha Purnima, Chitragupta Puja, Gurpurab and several other local festivals as well. Cinema Main article: Cinema of Bihar See also: Bhojpuri Film Industry and List of Bhojpuri films Bihar has a robust cinema industry for the Bhojpuri language. There are some small Maithili, Angika and Magadhi film industry. First Bhojpuri Film was Ganga Jamuna released in 1961.[101] "Lagi nahin chute ram" was the all-time superhit Bhojpuri film which was released against "Mugle Azam" but was a superhit in all the eastern and northern sector. Bollywood's Nadiya Ke Paar is among the most famous Bhojpuri language movie. The first Maithili movie was Kanyadan released in 1965,[102] of which a significant portion was made in the Maithili language. Bhaiyaa a Magadhi film was released in 1961.[103] Bhojpuri's history begins in 1962 with the well-received film Ganga Maiyya Tohe Piyari Chadhaibo ("Mother Ganges, I will offer you a yellow sari"), which was directed by Kundan Kumar.[104] Throughout the following decades, films were produced only in fits and starts. Films such as Bidesiya ("Foreigner", 1963, directed by S. N. Tripathi) and Ganga ("Ganges", 1965, directed by Kundan Kumar) were profitable and popular, but in general Bhojpuri films were not commonly produced in the 1960s and 1970s. In the 1980s, enough Bhojpuri films were produced to tentatively make up an industry. Films such as Mai ("Mom", 1989, directed by Rajkumar Sharma) and Hamar Bhauji ("My Brother's Wife", 1983, directed by Kalpataru) continued to have at least sporadic success at the box office. However, this trend faded out by the end of the decade, and by 1990, the nascent industry seemed to be completely finished.[105]

The industry took off again in 2001 with the super hit Saiyyan Hamar ("My Sweetheart", directed by Mohan Prasad), which shot the hero of that film, Ravi Kissan, to superstardom.[106] This success was quickly followed by several other remarkably successful films, including Panditji Batai Na Biyah Kab Hoi ("Priest, tell me when I will marry", 2005, directed by Mohan Prasad) and Sasura Bada Paisa Wala ("My father-in-law, the rich guy", 2005). In a measure of the Bhojpuri film industry's rise, both of these did much better business in the states of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar than mainstream Bollywood hits at the time, and both films, made on extremely tight budgets, earned back more than ten times their production costs.[107] Sasura Bada Paisa Wala also introduced Manoj Tiwari, formerly a well-loved folk singer, to the wider audiences of Bhojpuri cinema. In 2008, he and Ravi Kissan are still the leading actors of Bhojpuri films, and their fees increase with their fame. The extremely rapid success of their films has led to dramatic increases in Bhojpuri cinema's visibility, and the industry now supports an awards show[108] and a trade magazine, Bhojpuri City,[109] which chronicles the production and release of what are now over one hundred films per year. Many of the major stars of mainstream Bollywood cinema, including Amitabh Bachchan, have also recently worked in Bhojpuri films. Media Main article: Media in Bihar in Bihar, A Supplement to Bihar State Gazette p. 28</ref> The Main newspapers published in Bihar till 1980s was "The Indian Nation" and "Searchlight" in English and "Aryavarta" and "Pradeep" in Hindi. Urdu journalism and poetry has a glorious past in Bihar. Many poets belong to Bihar such as Shaad Azimabadi, Kaif Azimabadi, Kalim Ajiz and many more. Shanurahman, a world famous radio announcer, is from Bihar. Many Urdu dailies such as Qomi Tanzim and Sahara publish from Bihar at this time. There is a monthly Urdu magazine called "VOICE OF BIHAR" [www.voiceofbihar.org]- which is the first of its kind and becoming popular among the Urdu speaking people. The beginning of the twentieth century was marked by a number of notable new publications. A monthly magazine named Bharat Ratna was started from Patna in 1901. It was followed by Ksahtriya Hitaishi, Aryavarta from Dinapure, Patna, Udyoga and Chaitanya Chandrika.[110] Udyog was edited by Vijyaanand Tripathy, a famous poet of the time and Chaitanya Chandrika by Krishna Chaitanya Goswami, a literary figures of that time. The literary activity was not confined to Patna alone but to many districts of Bihar.[111][112] Magahi Parishad, established in Patna in 1952, pioneered Magadhi journalism in Bihar. It started the monthly journal, Magadhi, which was later renamed Bihan. DD Bihar and ETV Bihar are the television channels dedicated to Bihar. Recently[when?] a dedicated Bhojpuri channel, Mahuaa TV has been launched.[113][114] followed by Hamar TV and Maurya TV. Hindustan, Dainik Jagran, Aj and Prabhat Khabar are some of the popular Hindi news papers of Bihar. National English dailies like The Times of India, Hindustan Times and The Economic Times have readers in the urban regions.

Transportation Main article: Transport in Bihar Streamers and dredgers at Gai Ghat, Patna. Bihar has two operational airports: Lok Nayak Jayaprakash Airport, Patna, and the Gaya Airport, Gaya. The Patna airport is connected to Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Lucknow, Bangaluru, Hyderabad, Chennai, Pune and Ranchi. The Patna airport is categorized as a restricted international airport, with customs facilities to receive international chartered flights. The Gaya Airport is an international airport connected to Colombo, Singapore, Bangkok, Paro and more. Bihar is well-connected by railway lines to the rest of India. Most of the towns are interconnected, and they also are directly connected to Kolkata, Delhi and Mumbai. Patna, Gaya, Bhagalpur, Muzaffarpur, Darbhanga, Katihar, Barauni and Chhapra are Bihar's bestconnected railway stations. The state has a vast network of National and State highways. East-West corridor goes through the cities of Bihar (muzaffarpur-darbhanga-purnia NH57) 4-6 LANES. For Buddhist pilgrims, the best option for travel to Bihar is to reach Patna or Gaya, either by air or train, and then travel to Bodh Gaya, Nalanda, Rajgir and Vaishali. Sarnath in Uttar Pradesh also is not very far. The Ganges navigable throughout the year was the principal river highway across the vast north Indian Gangetic plain. Vessels capable of accommodating five hundred merchants were known to ply this river in the ancient period; it served as a conduit for overseas trade, as goods were carried from Pataliputra (later Patna) and Champa ( later Bhagalpur) out to the seas and to ports in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia. The role of Ganges as a channel for trade was enhanced by its natural links - it embraces all the major rivers and streams in both north and south Bihar.[115] In recent times Inland Waterways Authority of India has declared the Ganges between Allahabad and Haldia to be a national inland waterway and has taken steps to restore its navigability. Tourism Trolley ride in Rajgir Remains of the ancient city of Vaishali Main article: Tourism in Bihar Bihar is one of the oldest inhabited places in the world, with a history spanning 3,000 years. The rich culture and heritage of Bihar is evident from the innumerable ancient monuments spread throughout the state. Bihar is visited by scores of tourists from all over the world,[116] with around 6,000,000 (6 million) tourists visiting Bihar every year.[116] In earlier days, tourism in the region was purely based educational tourism, as Bihar was home of some prominent ancient universities like Nalanda University & Vikramala University.[117][118]

Bihar is one of the most sacred place for various religions like Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism and Islam. Banka district Contents:- Political/ After independence/ Demography/ Administration/ Agriculture Banka is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar in India. The district, part of Bhagalpur Division, has its headquarters at Banka town. The district occupies an area of 3018 km and has a population of 1,608,773 (as of 2001). Hindus 1,409,352, Muslims 190,051 (11.81%). There is a very famous temple of Hindu Goddess Durga in Karharia, Banka.and a famous temple Taramandir on Babutola Banka there is Goddess kali temple and taramaa temple. Every year during Durga pooja, lots of devotees from many parts of country visit this temple. There is a mountain which is made of single piece stone height about 500 meter known as Mandar Parbat. At the top two temples are made one is Narshimha (one of the incarnation of god Vishnu ) Temple and other is Digamber Jain Tirthanakar'. The management of the Narsimha Temple is under a trust. There is a very old Avantika Nath temple at the bottom of Mandar Parvat. The Avantika Nath tample trust founded by late Babu Biro Singh of the village Sabalpur, looks after the Avantika Nath temple. Presently Shri Kailash Pathak is the Sevayat of the Avantika Nath temple . One MAA LAKXMI temple is made in front of Paapharni Pond. Recently a Laxminarayan Temple has been built in the mid of paprahani by contributions of local people.The management of this temple is under the trust headed by Fateh Bahadur Singh of erstwhile Sabalpur state. There is a famous old Nationalistic university established by then freedom fighters to impart pure Indian Education in Indian style in tune with Gujrat Vidyapith,Kashi Vidyapith,Bihar Vidyapith,co founded by social worker Sri Ramani Mohan Singh of Narayanpur and Sri Anand Shankar Madhvan known as Mandar Vidyapith' established on the land provided by the late Shri Harivallav Narayan Singh a famous social reformer, a freedom fighter and a land lord of village Azadnagar, Sabalpur vide a registered settlement deed no. 2002/1945. The first president of the Indian Republic Desratna Dr. Rajendra Prasad was the founder President and "Bihar Bibhuti" late Dr. Anugraha Narayan Singh was the first working President of the reputed Mandar Vidyapith . A Gandhian, south Indian, Hindi lover literature Anand Shankar Madhavan was the first Acharya and Kulpati(Chancellor) of the Mandar Vidyapith. Late Acharya Givind Jha of Lakhpura was Upkulpati(Vice chancellor) and Prof. Ramshankar was HOD Economics and Principal till last, were the other two important pillars who devoted their entire life in nurturing Mandar Vidyapith. Post Independence, the gandhian dream of Hindi University could not work out so ultimately in 1993 an English Medium School "Adwait Mission" was started by one of Madhvan's Anandmargi disciple Mr Aditya and is being run inside the campus of old Mandar Vidyapeeth. In Very short period, this has been able to establish itself as one of the best residential schools in this part of south Bihar. There is a very famous temple of Mata Durga in Teldiha near Harvanshpur village at the bank of Barua river in Sambhuganj block.This temple is situated at the border of Banka and Munger districts.

New township is going to take place in SHANTI NAGAR ( jirwha ). 5 km from district head quarter, 2 km from railway station and same from the city hospital.its a mind blowing place with pollution free zone. Banka is a district with full of greenery and forests. Katoriya, Suiya and chandan blocks are mostly covered by forests. Besides, district is known for its rich tribal culture. Banka is also famous for its Handy crafts and hand looms. Home made Khadi and silk are also popular in the whole country. Bhitia (the village with full of forest)is only 20 km far from the district headquarters. Political Banka is the land of great revolutionary Satish Prasad Jha. He was one of the seven martyrs who hoisted Tiranga on Secretariate building of Patna on 11 August 1942. Satish Prasad Jha born on Khadihara near Dhakamod of Banka. Sri Kirti Narain singh and Sri Navpatrika Prasad Singh of Narayanpur were the first District congress Presidents of Bhagalpur District.Veteran reformer and freedom fighter Sri Ramni Mohan Singh from Narayanpur was the founder president of Banka Congress committee. To protest the prevalent custom of noneducation to female,Ramni Mohan Singh offered his first child Smt. Bindhyavasini Devi,MA Hindi (Shantiniketan) into social service and she was elected MLA from Banka(1957-1967). Banka has been politically most attractive destination for veteran socialists.This constituency was the laboratory of socialism. Madhulimaye represented the constituency two times. George Fernandis and Rajnarayan were also contested the parliamentary election from this constituency. On the other side there were number of veteran leaders in Congress party. Smt Vindhyavasini Devi, MLA ( 1957-1967), Ex chief minister of Bihar Chandrashekhar Singh, Ex Rajyasabha MP Kamakhya Prasad Singh,ex MP Manorama Singh, Ex MLA Jai Prakash Mishra etc. created a new heights as far as the district congress is concerned. Late Shri Digvijay Singh (14 November 1955 24 June 2010) was an Indian politician from the state of Bihar and was an Independent Member of the Parliament of India representing Banka in the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Indian Parliament. He died on 24 June 2010 in London after suffering a Brain Hemorrhage. Digvijay Singh served as a Member of the Parliament of India five times three times in the Lok Sabha (1998, 1999, 2009) and two times in the Rajya Sabha (1990, 2004). He served as Union Minister of State in the Atal Bihari Vajpayee Government (19992004) and Chandrashekhar Government (19901991). He was also a successful sports administrator, having served as President of the National Rifle Association of India since 1999. He was one of the three(George fernandes,Digvijay singh, and Nitish kumar) founder member samta party. Which later combined with janta party and Janta dal united(jdu) was formed. Now Putul Singh is the member of parliament from this constituency. After independence Demography The district has a total population of 150,113 of which 145,560 are rural and 4,553 are urban. Population Total 12,92,504 Rural 12,47,869 Urban 44,635 SC Population Total 1,50,113

Rural 1,45,560 Urban 4,553 ST Population Total 63,457 Rural 63,392 Urban 65 Sub Divisions Banka. Administration Sub Divisions: Banka Blocks: (1)Banka, (2)Amarpur (3)Shambhuganj (4)Belhar (5)Phulidumar (6)Katoria (7)Chandan (8)Baunsi (9)Barahat (10)Dhoraiya and (11)Rajoun. Out of 11 Blocks 9 are Naxal affected. Village:- Kakwara,Rajon, Amarpur, Dhoraiya, Katoria, Bausi, Shambhuganj, Pakaria, Barahat, Belhar, Chandan,Samukhia More, Balarpur is the famous villages of banka district. Economy:Banka, unfortunately, has been ranked 3Rd least developed district in India after Kalahandi and Raygadha(orissa). The main reason of Banka being declared a backward district could be less urban population. banka, as a whole, is an agrerial economy. Banka is considered RICE BOWL of Bihar. Banka has a very advanced system of Agro product marketing which is very complex yet very simple. The district has three-four major Rice Production and transaction centr. The most famous are VIJAYHAT (successfully in existence for last forty years) and Rajoun. apart from these two there are Punsia, Katiya, etc. which is small in size in volume. Most advanced is VIJAYHAT, which in the last 40 years of its existence has devised very strong form of functioning. it has many rice mill (small one) producing high quality USNA(Parmal) rice very popular among locals. The biggest buyers are from Bhagalpur, Kolkata, Purnia, Kanpur, Delhi, Dumka etc. Rajoun has emerged as very good competitor though all the local hat function with business ethics. Apart from rice Amarpur belt is famous for sugar cane and Gud mill. They produce world class gud rich in iron and minerals. THE MAIN PROBLEM FOR THESE VILLAGE INDUSTRY IS LACK OF BRANDING. All of them can be world class and have their own brandname e.g. Vijayhat Rice, Amarpur Gud like Mawana suger or Dhampur Sugar which are location based name. But there is lack of awareness and business owner don't give heed to this side of business. they are happy doing business in crude form. These are the reason despite the very large volume their earning are less. Timber Industry: Once very dynamic and vibrant industry were totally out of business during RJD regime. again gain momentum in recent years. There are not many saw Mill left and potential are abundant. But due to govt policy, its very difficult to flourish. Source of raw material is also a problem. Very much dependent on local source. Lack of awareness about foreign and cheap source like Malaysia and NewZealand. Modern Industry:Courtesy to late Didvijay singh, Banka has started to figure out as a potential destination for large investment on the national map. A thermal power project promoted by ABHIJIT INDUSTRIES, KOLKATA, is coming up in Bounsi, Banka. other Sugarcane related industry is coming up in Amarpur. The young Turks of Banka district, highly educated and dreamer are full of energy and want to do something for their land of birth. during an interview Mr. singh (from Gurudwar, Banka ) who is pass out of prestigious and one of the

top MBA SCHOOL in India, having good industry exposure and is planning to set up unconventional source based power plant in his native villege Gurudwar, Vijayhat. He has also plan for modernising his family business and is confident of a turnover of 100 crore by 2014-15. His idea of reform is to provide employment to maximum, and education, health and basic amenities to village folks. Other dreamer Akshay from Bounsi wants to set up food processing industry. he feels that if managed properly, the local agrarian products can turn banka into a land of opportunities. There are many more dreamer like him in this one of the most backward district in India who are raring to go and vow to turn it into top Ten. Location advantage:Banka is strategically located very near to the source of Raw material for heavy industries. Its proximity to Jharkhand( bordering Deoghar, Dumka, Godda) and perennial river like Chandan makes it a very strong contender for coal based power plant investment and other heavy Industry. A railway line connecting existing BHAGALPUR-BOUNSI line to Rampurhat, which is well connected to Howrah, is coming up which will be a boon for investent due to proximity to port and reach to domestic market and a line connecting Sultanganj to Jasidih through Banka is also being developed. Tourism Industry:Gradually turning in to a religious tourism hotspot for Hindu/Jain. Old MANDAR PARVAT( also known as Mandarachar Parvat in Puran) is very mystic and has many place to visit. A jain temple at the summit in close proximity to a Vishnu temple is a sign of religious tolerance. An initiative of celebrating MANDAR MAHOTSAV was taken by Govt of India( inaugrated by DIgvijay singh and closing ceremony attended by Vice president Bhairon Singh Shekhavat) but could not be continued later. Though every year in January Bounsi Mela is organised which depicts the vibrant village life of Mandar region. A Rath Yatra procession of Lord Madhusudan is taken out every year the same day Puri Rath Yatra procession is taken out. 14th century great saint Chaitanya Mahaprabhu started this Rath yatra during his visit to this holy land of Mandar. Agriculture Paddy, Wheat, Maize, Lentil, Amarpur is the densily populated block of banka district. There are numbers of Khandsari mills here in Amarpur. It is one of the important trade centere of Banka district. Belhar (srinagar) Geography Banka is located at 2453N 8655E / 24.88N 86.92E / 24.88; 86.92.[1] It has an average elevation of 79 metres (259 feet). Guria, Babutola,Nayatola,Karharia,Vijaynagar,. Jagatpur is most the popular colony in this town. Kajhiya & Narayanpur is also famous village in this District. Tara Mandir is most popular temple in this District. The water of Tara Mandir is most cool and so pure with sweet test. There are Colleges named P.B.S.College, Mahila College and most famous High school named RMK Inter School (named after Rani Mahkam Kumari) in this town. This town is

situated between two rivers "Chandan" and "Orhani". This town is the border of Bihar and Jharkhand state. The famous SHRAVANI MELA route passes from this district. This route goes to Babadham. It is located in south-eastern Bihar, four miles from Jasidih railway station on the main line of the Eastern Railway from Howrah to Delhi. There is a small railway branch line from Jasidih to Babadham. The railway station at Babadham is called Baidyanath Dham.Now there are direct train link up to Banka from State capital HQ :- Banka Area :- 3,019 km2. Population :- Total 12,92,504 Rural 12,47,869 Urban Sub Divisions :- Banka Blocks :- Banka, Rajoun, Amarpur, Dhoraiya, Katoria, Bounsi, Shambhuganj, Barahat, Belhar, Chandan, Phulidumar. Agriculture :- Paddy, Wheat, Maize, Lentil. Industry :- China clay Rivers :- Chandan, Oodhni, Jamua Babadham stands near the G.T. Road connecting Calcutta with Delhi. From the G.T. Road, you can take a turn to the state road at Bagodar or at Dumri. Devotees coming down from Kolkata or other parts of West Bengal can take the route via Jamtara. In the North-East Dumka, Rajmahal and Banka; in the North-West Munger; in the West Hazaribag and in the South Giridih district border the region. The nearby Airports are in - Ranchi, Gaya, Patna and Kolkata. The nearest Railway Station is in Banka itself. Approximate journey time is 1.5 hrs from Bhagalpur or from Jasidih or Deoghar (Babadham) by bus. Amarpur Amarpur is a city and a notified area in Banka district in the state of Bihar, India. Geography Amarpur is located at 2502N 8654E / 25.03N 86.9E / 25.03; 86.9.[1] It has an average elevation of 58 metres (190 feet). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Amarpur had a population of 20,930. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Amarpur has an average literacy rate of 42%, lower than the national average of 59.5%; with 61% of the males and 39% of females literate. 18% of the population is under 6 years of age. Bhagalpur district Contents:- Demography/ Administration/ Agriculture/ Industry Contents:- Overview/ History/ Mythological Significance/ Economics/ Demography/ Culture/ Language/ Education/ Print & Electronic Media/ Telecom/ Places of interest/ People from Bhagalpur Bhagalpur district is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar state, India, and Bhagalpur town is the administrative headquarters of this district. Bhagalpur district is a part of Bhagalpur Division. The river Ganga flows through the district.

Demography The district has an area of 2,570 km, and a total population of 2,423,172, of which 1,990,976 (82%) are Hindu and 423,246 Muslim (17%)[citation needed]. Administration Sub Divisions * Bhagalpur * Kahalgaon * Naugachia Schools * St. Joseph's School (ICSE Board - from L.K.G. to Class 12) * Mount Assisi School (ICSE Board - from Nursery to Class 12) * Mount Carmel School (ICSE Board - from Nursery to Class 12) * St. Teresa's School (ICSE Board - from Nursery to Class 12) * Delhi Public School, Bhagalpur (CBSE Board) * Holy Family School(ICSE Board - from L.K.G. to Class 10) * Ganpat Rai Salarpuria Saraswati Vidya Mandir (CBSE Board - from L.K.G. to Class 12) * St. Andrew's School (CBSE Board) * SKP Vidya Vihar (CBSE Board) * Aryabhatt Public School (CBSE Board up to Class 12) * Navyug Vidyalaya (CBSE Board up to Class 12) * CMS School (CBSE Board up to Class 12) * Vector Academy (for Class 11 and 12) * Techno Mission (for Class 11 and 12) Blocks * Pirpainti * Kahalgoan\Sanhaula * Sabour * Nathnagar * Jagdishpur * Sultanganj * Sahkund * Bihpur * Naugachia * Gopalpur * Kharik * Narayanpur * Gauradih * Ismailpur * Rangrachowk Agriculture * Lentils

* Maize * Rice Industry * Thermal Power (at Kahalgaon) * Tussar Silk Bhagalpur ( , ) is a city and municipal corporation in the state of Bihar, India. Bhagalpur is one of the oldest districts of Bihar located in the southern region. It is situated in the planes of the Ganges wash basin at the height of 141 feet above sea level. It is the third largest city of Bihar. It covers an area of 2569.50 km2. and lies between 25o-07' - 25o30' N Latitude and between 86o 37 ' - 87o 30 'E Longitude. It is the administrative headquarters of the Bhagalpur District. Bhagalpur is acclaimed the world over for its silk products and it is known in India as the "Silk City" Famous for its Tussar Silk & Tussar Saree. Bhagalpur is the distorted form of Bhagdatpuram (meaning city of Good Luck) as it was called during the flourishing of the Anga Kingdom, and has been the seat of power since. Overview Bhagalpur is the 3rd largest city in Bihar(population). It is a city of historical importance on the bank of Ganges river, situated 220 km east of Patna and 410 km north west of Calcutta. The city was referred to as one of the biggest trade centers in eastern India by the 7th century Chinese travellers Hsan-tsang and Fa-Hien. The city had a big harbour on the Ganges River at place called Champanagar (another name for Bhagalpur), now called Champanala, which flows on the western boundary of the present city near Nathnagar. During an archaeological excavation, many boats and coins of the Middle and Far East were found at the same place. Bhagalpur is well connected by rail and roadways. The silk industry in this city is hundreds of years old and its inhabitants have been producing silk for generations.There is a Silk Institute and Agricultural University here, as well as a University (Tilka Manjhi Bhagalpur University), and Engineering (Bhagalpur College of Engineering), Medical (Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College) and Homeopathic colleges.Recently in 2010 Bihar Agricultural University was set up in Sabour, Bhagalpur. The Gangetic plains are very fertile and the main crops include rice, wheat, maize, barley, and oilseeds. The economy of Bhagalpur is dependent mainly on agriculture and small businesses. The Jain temple at Nathnagar is important pilgrimage centre for Jains. Budha nath Temple is ancient Shiva Temple on the bank of Ganges. Sultanganj (about 25 km West)is animportant religious center for Hindus from where holy water of Ganges is carried and offered at Deoghar. History The religious festival of "Vish-hari Puja" or "the worship of the Snake Queen" or "Manasa Devi, said to be a daughter of lord Shiva and Queen of Snakes" traces its roots back hundreds of years and is still celebrated every year with thousands of believers and snake charmers offering milk to the Nag (the Snake King) and Nageen (The Snake Queen).

References to Bhagalpur can be found in Indian epics like the Ramayana and the Mahabharata where Bhagalpur has been described as the kingdom of Anga. Ancient cave sculptures of Emperor Ashoka's regime (274 BC-232 BC) are found in the neighbourhood and at Sultangunj, 20 km west of Bhagalpur, a temple of the Gupta period (320-500) still exists in Bhagalpur. The tomb of Suja, brother of Moghul emperor Aurangzeb, in the heart of the town is reminiscent of the city's association with the Mughal period. The ruins of ancient Vikramshila University are located 44 km east of Bhagalpur. The royal university of Vikramsila, ranks next to Nalanda and owes its origin to Dharmapala (770-810 A.D.), the devout Pala king who loved to call himself Paramasaugata (chief worshipper of the Buddha) and was a great patron of Mahayana Buddhism. It was the medieval center to the conservation and propagation of Buddhist education, established by King Dharampal of Bengal (783-820) at the end of the 8th century. Bhagalpur formed a part of the ancient Sanskrit kingdom of Anga said to be ruled by king Karna of Mahabharata who was well known for his charity. In later times it was included in the powerful Hindu kingdom of Magadha or Behar, and in the 7th century it was an independent state, with the city of Champa as its capital. It afterwards formed a part of the Mohammedan Kingdom of Gaur, and was subsequently subjugated by Akbar, who declared it to be a part of the Delhi empire. Bhagalpur passed to the East India Company by the grant of the emperor Shah Alam II in 1765. The communal violence that broke out in and around Bhagalpur in October 1989 continued for about two months and nearly 1,070 lives lost. Mythological Significance [1] Bhagdattpuram (now Bhagalpur) was one of the most influential towns in "Aryavarta" (as India was known as at that time). It is supposed to have been concurrent to Patliputra or Patna. Bhagdattpuram finds its mention in the Vedas and Ramayana as well. It is supposed to be the kingdom of Daanvir Karna, the son of Kunti and the Sun God. Under his rule, the town was known as "Anga Pradesh" or "Angadesh". The word Bhagdattpuram literally means "City of Good Luck." Mount Mandara, situated 52 kilometres (approximately 32 miles) south from Bhagalpur on Bausi Road, is believed to have been used as the churner during Samudra-Manthan (churning of the sea) by the Gods and Demons (Danava) according to Hindu mythology. Mandara is associated with Samudra-Manthan which suggests that the hill was used by the gods to churn the ocean to procure amrit. The serpent, Vasuki offered to serve as the rope and has left behind an impression of the coil on the granite hill. It is believed that Panchjanya, the conch shell used in the Mahabharat was discovered here in the "Shankh Kund". The Puranas also refer to the hill. It is believed to have been visited by Vishnu as Madhusudana (the destroyer of Madhu the Demon). It is said that Vishnu covered Madhu under the hill after defeating him to death. Kalidasa's Kumarasambhava refers to foot marks of Vishnu on the slopes of Mandara. The hill is replete with relics of bygone ages. Apart from inscriptions and statues, there are numerous rock cut sculptures depicting various images of Hindu Gods. The hill is equally revered by the Jains who believe that their 12th Tirthankara attained nirvana at the

summit. The area around Mandara Hill is laced with a landscape of extraordinary splendour. The 800 feet high granite hill is a sight to see in the daylight. It is a popular picnic spot for people living in the area. Economics Bhagalpur is a small town and it has primarily an agrarian economy. The economic growth of the city has stagnated from the independence itself . Today the city's primary employer is the public sector with little or no pvt. sector involvememt. This has resulted in wide spread migration of people for the search of jobs to other parts of the country. The silk industry in this city is 200 of years old and a whole clan exist that has been producing silk for generations. Bhagalpur is well known for its sericulture, manufacture of silk yarn and weaving them into lovely products. This silk is of a distinct and special type. It is known as Tussah or Tusser Silk. Silk weaving is an age-old traditional household industry of Bhagalpur. There is a Silk Institute and Agricultural college as well. In Bhagalpur the weavers service centre (GOI) was established in the year 1974. With a view to developing handloom silk industry in the state of Bihar. The silk industry has faced very stiff competition from machine made fabric due to this the industry is almost at the verge of a collapse. The govt. is now trying to renovate this sector. Bhagalpur silk home furnishing made ups are slowly becoming popular in the Overseas markets. Demography As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Bhagalpur city had a population of 350,133 while district as a whole had 2.4 Million population. It is third largest city in Bihar in terms of urban population next only to Patna & Gaya. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Bhagalpur has an average literacy rate of 70%, while male literacy rate is at 78% & women at 62%currently. Culture Chhath Puja ,Laxmi Puja, Kali Puja and Dussehra are the major festivals in Bhagalpur. Bihula & Bishahari puja is specially celebrated in Bhagalpur. Education The higher education in city includes various institutes related to medical education, engineering education, arts and science education and agriculture university. * University* * Tilka Manjhi Bhagalpur University, Bhagalpur * Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur * Bhagalpur College of Engineering * Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Bhagalpur * T. N. B. College, Bhagalpur * Sunderwati Mahila College * Marwari College, Bhagalpur * Mount Assisi School, Bhagalpur. (ICSE) * Saint Joseph's School, Bhagalpur.(ICSE) * Delhi Public School, Bhagalpur.(CBSE)

* Mount Carmel School, Bhagalpur.(ICSE) * Saint Teresa's School,Bhagalpur.(ICSE) * D.A.V Public School,Bhagalpur. (CBSE) * Navyug Vidyalaya, Bhagalpur. (CBSE) Language The main language of Bhagalpur is Angika, a regional language which is reported to be spoken by more than 30 million people world wide and is considered to be one of the oldest languages of the world.[3][4] Official Language is Hindi. Print & Electronic Media Print media :- Dainik Jagran, Hindustan, Times Of India , Prabhat Khabar,Nayee Baat and Ang Bharat are newspapers published from Bhagalpur. Electronic media :- Angika Bihar Channel. Telecom GSM Service: BSNL, Airtel, Aircel, Vodafone, idea, Tata-Docomo, Reliance-GSM, Uninor, S-Tel. CDMA Service: Tata Indicom, Reliance India Mobile(RIM), MTS, Virgin. Broadband service: BSNL, BSNL Leased line. Other services: BSNL Landline, BSNL WLL. 3G service currently provided by BSNL only. Places of interest * Jain Temple (Champanagar) * Mehershi mehi aashram , Kuppa Ghat (Bank of the Ganges river) * Manas-Kamna Temple,Karnagarh (Nathnagar)-Area known be the place of Karna(of Mahabharata) Palace. * The Shiva Temple at Budhanath * Ajgaivee Nath Shiv Mandir, Sultanganj * Gurdwara Bari Sangat Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji Chouki,Bhagalpur * Rabindra Nath Bhavan (Tillha Kothi) * Sandish Compound * The Residence of Sharat Chandra Chattopadhyaya * Lajpat Park * Central Jail,Near Airport * The Dargah (tomb) of Ghuran Sah Pir Baba * Vikramshila Setu * Vikramshila University (Ancient) & Museum * Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary * Sanjay Gandhi Jaivik Udhyan (park) * Rajmahal Fossil Sanctuary(Near Sahibganj) * Udhuwa Bird Sanctuary (Near Barharwa) * Vishhari Sthan (Snake Temple), Champanagar * Ghanta Ghar (Clock Tower), Made in British Time * Bateshwarnath (near Kahalgaon)

* Fulwaria shiv mandir (8 km south from city)estb 1893 from brahman smaj * Mandar Hill Parwat by which SAGAR-MANTHAN was done and it is 52 km far from Bhagalpur * Temple of goddess TELDIHAYA (goddess durga) is popular and it is 30 km far from Bhagalpur. * GONU-DHAM temple's distance from bhagalpur is only 8 km, This is MIRACULOUS temple of Lord SHIV. * Temple of goddess DURGA and KALI at village Mukhariya distance from Bhagalpur is 5 km south People from Bhagalpur * Dr.U.N.Sinha, a pioneer in parallel computing was born in Bhagalpur. * Tilka Manjhi First Santhal Freedom fighter. * Kadambini, daughter of Braja Kishore Bose, headmaster of Bhagalpur School, was one of the first women graduates from Bhagalpur. * Suchitra Bhattacharya, acclaimed Indian novelist was born in Bhagalpur on 10 January 1950. * Ashis Nandy is an Indian political psychologist, a social theorist, and a contemporary cultural and political critic. A trained sociologist and clinical psychologist, his body of work covers a variety of topics, including public conscience, mass violence, and dialogues of civilizations. * Pritish Nandy is a poet, painter, journalist, politician, television personality, animal activist and film producer. * Neha Sharma is a Hindi & South-Indian movie actress. She has been born and brought up in Bhagalpur, did her schooling from Mount Assisi School. She starred with Emran Hashmi in her first Bollywood flick 'CROOK' which was released in October,2010. People who have lived here for brief periods: * Rabindra Nath Tagore occupied Tillha Kothi close to the University Campus for a considerable period. Parts of the Nobel awarded Gitanjali was written in Tilla Kothi. * Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay , an eminent Bengali novelist. He received his early education while residing at his paternal uncle's house in Bhagalpur and it was there that he wrote his famous novel Devdas. He wasted 20 years of his life in Bhagalpur and a significant portion of his novels were either written in Bhagalpur or based on his experience in Bhagalpur. Colgong Contents:- Geography/ Demographics/ History/ Industrial information Colgong (Hindi: ) (also called Kahalgaon) is a city and a municipality in Bhagalpur district in the state of Bihar, India. Geography Colgong (locally called Kahalgaon) is located at 2516N 8713E / 25.27N 87.22E / 25.27; 87.22.[1] It has an average elevation of 16 metres (52 feet). It is located on the bank of the Ganges river.

Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Colgong had a population of 22,110. Male constitute 53% of the population and female 47%. Colgong has an average literacy rate of 57%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 63% and, female literacy is 50%. In Colgong, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age. Angika is the local dialect and is spoken by majority. Hindi, Urdu, and English are also spoken by different section of the population. History Vikramshila University: Close to Kahalgaon are the remains of the great Vikramshila University, that was famous as a centre of advanced learning across the world in the ancient times. Mahmud Shah's Tomb: Kahalgaon also houses the Tomb of Mahmud Shah, the last independent king of erstwhile Bengal, who died here a few days after his army was defeated by Sher Shah. The SSV college, which is a degree college, was the main stock center of business of indigo(Nil, used for white cloth) at the time of The British rule in India. NAMING HISTORY: Kahalgaon is named after KOHAL RISHI, the father of the saint named ASTRAVAKRA (popularly known in THE MAHABHARATA). ASTRAVAKRA was one of the greatest saints who got his body VAKARA from eight places so was named as ASTRAVAKRA. He set free his father from jail of the king by winning the a contest on SHASTRA. MIDDLE AGE HISTORY: KAHALGAON was the education hub in the Middle Ages. Vikramala University was one of the two most important centers of Buddhist learning in India, along with Nland University during the Pala dynasty. Vikramala was established by King Dharmapala (783 to 820) in response to a supposed decline in the quality of scholarship at Nland. Atisha, the renowned pandita, is sometimes listed as a notable abbot. CURRENT SITUATION: In the vicinity of the town, now stands afirm the thermal power project from NTPC , known as "Kahalgaon Super Thermal Power Project". The project has an approved capacity of 2340 MW in two stages. The present installed capacity of the project is 1840 MW, supplying power to the states in the Eastern, North East, Western and Northern Region. The recent approval for expansion of the additional capacity to the tune of 710MWs is being undertaken in stages. The first stage has four units of 210 MW capacity each and the second expansion stage has three units of 500 MW. Arrival of NTPC in the town, marked the arrival of world-class infrastructure, healthcare and education, which would have taken years to reach to people otherwise. Kahalgaon now enjoys the luxury of the best. Education has taken a front-runner in the normal routine and the setup has also created enough jobs and businesses around itself. The townships of NTPC are wonderfully-planned, with lush greenery. It has parks, shopping complexes, clubhouses, stadium and transit-camps apart from housing for employees. The peace that Kahalgaon has is remarkable. Industrial information The National Thermal Power Corporation, popularly known as NTPC is also set up in Kahalgaon since early 80s. The total capacity of the plant was 2375 megawatts.

NTPC is producing electricity here by thermal power plant. Coal is taken from Lalmatiya coal mine. various other sources of coal is also used to meet the full load requirement. Normally PLF is about 70% here because lack of coal. It has 4X210 MW units of Russian make and 3X500 MW units of German make supplied by BHEL. Ghoga Ghoga is a census town in Bhagalpur district in the state of Bihar, India. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Ghoga had a population of 3766. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Ghoga has an average literacy rate of 68%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 74%, and female literacy is 60%. In Ghoga, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age. Coordinates: 2513N 8710E / 25.217N 87.167E / 25.217; 87.167 General Ghogha is a village at the bank of river Ganga and is located midway between Bhagalpur and Kahalgaon. It is well connected to both the towns by road and train and is roughly a 30 45 minutes travel from either of the towns. The growth of Kahalgaon NTPC and increase in the income level of Bhagalpur residents has resulted in a flourish of Brick Kilns in this small village. The main occupation of the village nevertheless is agriculture. The higher than average literacy of the village is due to the location of a number of small schools within walking distance to the village. Habibpur Habibpur (Hindi: ) is a census town in Bhagalpur district in the Indian state of Bihar. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Habibpur had a population of 9360. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Habibpur has an average literacy rate of 0%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 0%, and female literacy is 0%. In Habibpur, 20% of the population is under 6 years of age. Naugachia Contents:- Geography/ Demographics/ Administration/ Transport/ Villages Naugachia (Hindi: ) is a city and a notified area in Bhagalpur district in the Indian state of Bihar. It is a block and a division of the Bhagalpur district[1], and also a police district. Geography Naugachia is located at Click Here . It has an average elevation of 25 metres (82 feet). It is bordered on one side by the river Ganges and one by the river Koshi. It is famous for yellow maize, known as Kelanchal of Bihar. Due to the building of a ring dam, flooding is no longer a problem for Naugachia. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[2], Naugachia had a population of 38,288. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Naugachia has an average literacy rate of 48%,

lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 56%, and female literacy is 38%. In Naugachia, 19% of the population is under 6 years of age. Administration Naugachia Nagar Panchayat[1] is the governing body in the town. Transport The Naugachia railway station is managed by the East Central Railway. The railway station code is NNA.[3] The nearest airport is the Lok Nayak Jayaprakash Airport, Patna. Naugachia lies close the banks of Ganges river as well as kosi river. Vikramshila Setu, the second longest bridge across Ganges, connects Naugachia with Barari Ghat in Bhagalpur.National Highway-31 is also near by[4] Villages * Dayalpur * Rangra * Kumedpur * Murli. * Madarauni. * Baniya * Baisi. * Chandrakhara. * Bhawanipur. * Tetri * Bhramarpur * Khagra * Mukundpur * Maniamore * Naya Tola * Saidpur * Ujani * Pakra * Borba * Birbanna * Bari Makandpur * Gosaingaon * Bari Makandpur(maudha Tola) * TulsiPur * sahu parbatta * Dhobiniya * Milki * Khairpur Kadwa * Laxmipur * Rasalpur

Sultanganj Contents:- History/ Demographics Sultanganj is a city and a notified area in Bhagalpur district in the Indian state of Bihar. History Ajgaivinath Temple Sultanganj is a town in Bhagalpur district and has a railway station, of the same name on the loop-line of the Eastern Railway running from kolkata to Kiul. An excellent all-weather road connecting Bhagalpur with Monghyr and Patna also serves it. It has a cosmopolitan population of about eleven thousand persons. It is a flourishing business place and there are a number of schools and colleges. Sultanganj is a place of hoary antiquity. It is traditionally associated with the sage Jahnu, whose ashram was a centre of learning and culture. Jahnu Muni's ashram was located on the rock jutting out of the bed of the Ganga River. Now the site has the Shiva temple of Ajgaivinath, also known as Gaibinath Mahadeo. The story is that the river Ganga on her way to the ocean interrupted the Muni in hismeditation by the rush of her currents. The sage swallowed the river in a gulp. Bhagiratha intervened and the Muni again let her out by making an incision in his thigh. That is why the river Ganga is also called Jahnavi. Like many of the ancient temples, the origin of Ajgaivinath temple is also shrouded in mystery. According to one legend, Lord Shiva was given his bow here, known as Ajgav, and so the place came to be known as Ajgaivinath. The ancient name of the place was Jahangira, which was derived from the name of Jahnu Muni. Jahangira is a distorted form of Jahnu giri (the hill of Jahnu) or Jahnu griha (the abode of Jahnu). Jahangira is now a small village forming a part of the town of Sultanganj. The name Jahangira for the rock had continued till at least1824-25, when Bishop Heber visited the area. In Heber's Journal, Vol. 1, there is a pencil sketch of the temple on the rock tinder the caption of Jahangira. The pencil sketch depicts a mosque by the side of the temple. It is commonly said that Kala Pahar, in the course of his crusade against the Hindu temples, visited the place. He tried his best but failed to demolish Ajgaivinath temple. He could, however, destroy the Parvati temple on the neighboring hill, and built a mosque there. Formerly the hill was much bigger and more spacious. This part of the Ganga has high floods with very strong currents almost every year and the decaying granite rocks of the hill are being slowly worn away. Traditionally Sultanganj formed a part of the great Anga, State. In the days of the Mahabharata, Karna, the sixth brother of the five Pandavas, ruled in Anga. The capital of Anga was Champa. Champa is the present Champanagar situated three miles to the west of Bhagalpur. King Karna had his castles at Champa (modern Champanagar) and Jahnugiri (modern Sultanganj). At present Champanagar, the- site of Karna's castle, is well known as Karnagarh. Karnagarh is practically a part of Bhagalpur town now. Some scholars have associated the large plateau of Karnagarh in Bhagalpur, where there are still ramparts of a fort, as one of the famous pre-Buddhist forts. The site had several bastions and ditches. When the British took over, the area wasselected for housing the Hill Rangers, a

body of troops raised from among the Santals of Raj-Mahal Hills. For some time this was the headquarters of the wing of an Indian regiment and slowly the bastions have disappeared although the ditches are still there. The State Constable Training School now mainly occupies the plateau. Karnagarh area of Sultanganj, which had King Karna's castle, is also a large plateau. It is now called Krishnagarh, after the name of a zamindar of the branch of Raj Banaili, by the name of KumarKrishnanand Singh, who built a large residential structure on the site. Sultanganj was also famous during the rule of the Pala and Sena kings (from 730 A.D. to 1199 A.D.). It is said that Dharmapala, the first king of the Pala dynasty, had laid the foundation of the VikramshilaUniversity at Sultanganj. This claim, however, is now not finding much support and the said famed University is deemed to have been at Patharghatta near Colgong in Bhagalpur district. The relies discovered by excava- tions there, along with other circumstantial evidence, suggest that Patharghatta was probably the real site of Vikramshila University. But there is no doubt that during the Pala and Sena kings, Sultanganj area was bestowed with a number of fine works of art and architecture. Numerous ancient relies like stupa's, seals, coins, terracotta and images have beenfound in Sultanganj, A bronze Buddha image, now in the Birmingham Museum, is probably the best known relic discovered in Sultanganj. This bronze image is a fine piece of metalled sculpture, which has drawn the admiration of the world. The image is characterized by delicacy of design and ornamental detail. Some of the other important antiquities of Sultanganj, now preserved in the Patna Museum,are: 1.Mukhalinga, height 9 " of black stone, with face of a male. 2.Buddha in Bhumisparsa Mudra, height 8" broken, inscribed, in black stone. 3.Buddha in a preaching pose seated on a lotus upheld by a wag, broken, 9" X 6", in black stone, inscribed. 4.Black stone torso of a dancing figure, 8 X 7". 5.Black stone torso of a seated preaching Buddha figure, 4" X 2". 6.One black stone mukhalinga, 1" X 1". 7.Upper half of a black stone prabha torana of a Buddhist image arch consisting of three bands of floral decorations. Centre of the arch is occupied by a kriti mukha flanked by two flying Gandharvas and two panels containing Bodhisatva figures. In the corner is a temple with a mutilated Bodhisatva figure, measurement 16 7.X 15" X 5 ". 8.Torso of a black stone figure of Bodhisatva with a seated Buddha figure, 21 7 " X 1 4 ". 9.Head of a stone figure of Bhairab, 1'3" X 11". 10.A number of old gold ornaments and coins. The Murli Hill of Sultanganj situated just on the bank of the Ganga, from where one has to take the boat to visit the Ajgaivinath temple at mid-Gauga, is also a place of antiquity. It contains a Gupta inscription and a number of Hindu and Buddhistic images. There are large stone slabs and other relies to show that there were temples as well on this hill. Now the hill has got a mosque at its summit, which is ascribed to Ikhtiyar Muhammad Khilji, son of

Bakhtiyar Khilji. Ikhtiyar Muhammad Khilji is taken to be the fanatic whohaddestroyed Nalanda and Vikramshila Universities towards the close of the 12th century A.D. Most of the other images left unmolested at Murli Hill were disfigured by Kala Pahar, another fanatic who was the military commander of Daud Khan, the Ruler of Bengal. Daud Khan had revolted against Akbar in 1573 and had held out till his force was routed and he was put to death by the imperial force near Rajmahal in 1576. There is not much evidence, however, to show that Sultanganj came under the influence of the Jains. This is rather peculiar, as the 23rd Tirthankara Parsva and the 24th or the last Tirthankara Mahavira Vardhamana had visited Champanagar or Bhagalpur. Champanagar had been visited by Lord Mahavira several times and it is recorded that he had spent three Parjjusanas (rainy season retirement) there. Champanagar was also the birth-place of Birja-Jina and another Jain scholar, Palakpaya Muni, the author of Hasti-Ayurveda, an elaborate account of the ailments of elephants. Champanagar is also the birthplace of the 12th Jain Tirthankara Basupujya and at Nathnagar, contiguous to Champanagar, there is a Jain temple of the Digambaras dedicated to Basupujya. It is somewhat unlikely that Sultanganj, being so close to Champanagar, would not have come under the Jain influence in some way or other. Rather it could be suggested that, if excavations are still carried out at some of the well-known sites at Sultanganj, Jain relies might be discovered. Regarding the find of a large number of Buddhist images and particularly the very fine image of the Buddha now in the Birmingham Museum, one has to remember that when Hieun Tsang visited Champs, he had found several Sangha- ramas (Viharas) mostly in ruins, with about two hundred Buddhist monks. At that time (606-647 A. D.) the area was under the rule of the Khetauri kings of Mal origin and they were very antagonistic to the Buddhist monks. But Buddhism had another spurt in Anga during the Pala kings.Under Dharma- pala (c. 770-810 A.D.), the son of Gopala, the frontier of the Anga empire touched the west of the Sone River. Dharmapala was a great Buddhist and a patron of education and culture. He is supposed to have founded Vikramshila Vihara on a hillock on the bank of the Ganga in Northern Magadha. Cunningham had identified Vikramshila Vihara with the village of Silao near Baragaon. Dr. Satish ChandraVidyabhusan came out with the theory that it was Sultanganj, which was the site of Vikram- shila University. N. L. Dey had identified it with the Patharghatta, Hill near Colgong, while Dr. A. P. Banerji Shastri took it to be Keur village near Ausalganj. There is another theory that Vikramshila University was in the area where there are the present villages of Orip, Antichak and Madhorampur near Batesharasthan, six miles north of the Colgong station. Excepting Silao all the other places are in Bhagalpur district.It is remarkable that Jahangira had persisted in being an important place in the kingdom of Anga through all the ages, Vedic, Epic, Buddhistic, as well as in the days of the Muslim rule and later. The origin of Ajgaivinath temple at Jahangira or Sultanganj is not exactly known. Some claim it to be a Swayambhu on the rock, discovered and then given an abode. That this is a very ancient place of worship there can be no doubt. The three temples of Shiva, namely, the Ajgaivinath temple at Sultanganj, Basukinath temple at Basukinath

near Dumka and the temple of Vaidyanath at Deoghar in Santal Parganas are the three most famous Shiva temples in Bihar and they have attracted lakhs of pilgrims every year from a long time past. Even now large bands of devotees are found walking carrying holy Ganga water, chanting mantras and making a pilgrimage to all these three Shiva temples. The temple is solidly built on the rock and has got a series of marvelous rock sculpture and some inscriptions. Some of the specimens of the rock panel sculpture at this temple can hold their own against any of the best known specimens anywhere in India. Not much study, unfortunately, has been made of the rock sculpture and inscriptions here. The sculpture could be taken to be of the later Pala period The site is very attractive and, particularly during the rainy season, the splashing waters of Mother Ganga wash the feet of the temple. The present Mahanth temple is a Nepali Sadhu and there are good are for offering puja at the temple. The pandas are co-operative and not avaricious. On auspicious days the crowd is enormous. There is hardly any accommodation for the pilgrims if they wish to stay back and so they all have got to clear out before evening and at least go to Sultanganj where there are dharmashalas. There is no dearth of boats at Sultanganj Ghat and the boat charges are very nominal and do not go beyond four annas if a boat is shared with others. The temple has recently been given electricity, which is a great advantage. It is, however, strange that the famous Shiva temple known as Ajgaivinath, which is ancient and so widely known, should have a name with a Muslim impress. It is clear that during the Muslim rule the name of Jahangira was changed to Sultanganj and the name has stuck through the British period to this day. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[1], Sultanganj had a population of 41,812. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Sultanganj has an average literacy rate of 52%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 60%, and female literacy is 43%. In Sultanganj, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age. Begusarai district Contents:- Chief exports/ Transport/ Notable areas/ Education Begusarai District is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar state, India, and Begusarai town is the administrative headquarters of this district. The district lies on the northern bank of river Ganges. Begusarai district is a part of Munger division. It is located at latitudes 25.15N & 25.45N and longitudes 85.45E & 86.36E. It was established in 1870 as a subdivision of Munger District. In 1972, it was given district status. The name of the district apparently comes from "Begum" (queen)+ "Sarai" (inn). "Begum" of Bhagalpur used to come to the "Simaria Ghat" (holy place at Ganges bank) for a month of pilgrimage which later took the present slang form Begusarai. Simaria village is the birthplace of famous Hindi poet Ramdhari Singh Dinkar. However most people know Munger as his birthplace as Begusarai was the part of Munger during his birth and much of his lifetime. Begusarai is the part of historic Mithila region.

Eminent Historian Professor Ram Sharan Sharma was born on 26 November 1919 in Barauni, Begusarai, Bihar in a poor family.Shri Rajendra Prasd singh (who got the best farmer & social worker award by UNICEF & Indira Gandhi) was born in village harrakh (Begusarai). A rebellious Hindi poet Rashtrakavi Ramdhari Singh Dinkar was born in Simaria village of the district (However, many text book mention Munger as his birthplace because Begusarai was the part of Munger during most of his lifetime). This district has also produced noted Hindi critic Murli Manohar Prasad Singh (village Barauni Deorhi), Arun Prakash (Nipania village) and a journalist of repute known for his fearlessness, honesty and integrity, Arun Kumar of village Madhurapur of the district apart from numerous other towering personalities in the different walks of life. Balmiki Prasad Singh - a retired IAS cadre officer who had once been the home secretary of Government of India and is presently Governor of Sikkim belongs to Bihat village of the district. [2] Bindeshwari Singh was known for his divine singing voice and his mesmerizing art of rendering stories from Indian mythology. People knew him as a rare gift of God for them. He was from Bihat village of this district. It has one Lok Sabha seat Begusarai (Lok Sabha constituency). Balia (Lok Sabha constituency) was dissolved in Indian general election, 2009 after delimitation. Area 1,918 km Population 2,349,366 (2001) Sex ratio 911 females/1000 males (2001) Population density 1,222/km (2001) Chief exports Agriculture: Kharif: Paddy, Arahar, Urad. Rabi: Wheat, Macca, Gram, Masur, Mater, Mustard, Tisi, Sunflower. Cash Crops : oilseeds, tobacco, jute, potato, red chilies, tomato and andi. Of late, the district has developed fruit farming like mango, guava and notable among them is litchi (strawberry look alike but unlike strawberry it is grown on full fledged tree growing up to 30 feet (9.1 m) in height and nearly 60-70 sq meter in area). Industry: Indian Oil Refinery- Barauni, Thermal power station- Barauni and hundreds of small industrial units in the private sector. A fertilizer plant in Barauni under HFC Ltd. was closed in 2003. Transport Barauni is the main rail head and originating place of many trains. It is connected to south Bihar by Rajendra Bridge which serves both as road and railway. NH 28 and NH 31 meet at Zero mile also known as Dinkar chouk. There are bus services for long distance places by government owned Bihar State Road Transport Corporation. There also many private bus services to places in other cities of Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal. Local bus services are run by private hands and government bus services are not there. Notable areas Rivers: Ganges, Budhi Gandak, Balan, Bainty, Baya and Chandrabhaga.

Kanwar Jheel: Kabar Jheel one of the Asia's largest fresh water lake, also famous for Birds' sanctuary. Noteworthy : Bridge across Ganges at Barauni, Resting spot for migratory birds, Industrial complex at Barauni NAULA GARH (86 04' 00"/25 33' 15") Naula Birpur Begusarai 20 km. North, North East from Begusarai district head quarters. Mound The mound is almost intact. The expansion and landscape is remarkable. The road interscts the mound in two parts. The remains of fortifications had been explored several times by A.I.H.Culture and Archaeology department of G. D. College, Begusarai. The Northern mound is remarkable for its landscape with natural and man made water channels. Pottery N.B.P., Black slipped, Burnt (Plain & Polished), Red ware (Plain & Polished), Internal Black & External Red type. Vessels Heavy type storage vessel, water jar, Dish, cookware, small and large Plate, bowl, Deep Pan, Flat pan etc. It is situated only 3 km westward of the block headquarters Birpur. This enormous mound expands in almost 1 Km. long area, right from Bhit in the East to Fansiari Tola in Makhwa panchayat in the west. Balan in the East and Bainti in the south creates a remarkable topology for the mound. Both the rivers join in the east almost 1 km. from the centre. In fact, the mound is divided in different parts The central fortified area of 360 acres (1.5 km2), 1,400 acres (5.7 km2) and 800 acres (3.2 km2). Sodhri mound measuring 400m x 100m to the north of the Gudh (fort) and The mound of Dih and Bhit to the east of the fortified area. The A.I.H. culture and Archaeology Dept. Of G. D. College, Begusarai under supervision of prof. R. K. chowdhary had explored and surveyed this huge area in 1950-52. A local resident Shri Arvind Prasad Singh, who owns most of the main mound part donated coins and the antique collection from this mound to the museum of G. D. College, Begusarai. A black stone broken sculptures with inscription of Vigraha Pala III has been displayed in the K.P.J.A. Museum of the A.I.H. Archaeology Deptt., G. D. College, Begusarai. The concerned inscription is narrated in G. D. College, Buletin 2. Education All colleges of the district are affiliated to Lalit Narayan Mithila University Darbhanga. Most famous colleges are G.D.College, Co-Operative College and Mahila College. In higher education this district is generally ranked number three, Patna and Bhagalpur. There are three Kendriya Vidyalaya, located at IOCL colony, HFC colony and Garhara. There are many schools affiliated to CBSE, New Delhi. Other good schools include St. Paul's School and RTS Vishwa Vidyapeeth (Behind G.D. College). There is also an Ayurvedic Institute. Presently, Begusarai district has no medical or engineering college. There are many coaching places for 10+2 level in Lohianagar, Pokharia, Sarvodaya Nagar (east of Kali Asthan chowk). BSS Intermediate High School and B P High school are other well known schools, RKH School is also considered a best & old high school located in Chhourahi Bakhadda . Begusarai (Hindi ) is a city and a municipal council in Begusarai district in the state of Bihar, India. Begusarai was earlier also referred to as the Leningrad of Bihar.[1]

Contents:- Recent history/ History/ Geography/ Climate/ Demographics/ Culture/ Civic administration/ Economy/ Transport/ Educational institutions/ Places to visit Recent history Begusarai has a distinction of sending Comrade Chandrashekhar Singh of the Communist Party Of India (CPI) as the first left member of the Bihar Legislative Assembly from Barauni Assembly constituency. When Singh was elected for the state assembly The Statesman of Kolkata has made the headlines "Red Star over Bihar". He hailed from local Bihat village of Begusarai district and was son of his illustrious father Ramcharitra Singh. Barauni assembly seat was still being retained by the CPI even today continuously since 1962. However; in 2010 Bihar Assembly Elections CPI nominee, Ram Ratan Singh lost this prestigious seat which has now been rechristened as Teghra assembly seat by delimitation Commission - to rightwing Hindutva Party Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP) nominee Lalan Kumar - a non-entity in politics till recently. Com. Chandrashekhar Singh's father Ramcharitra Singh was a cabinet minister in the ministry of the first chief minister of state, Late Dr. Srikrishna Singh - popularly known as Sri Babu in common parlance. Ramcharitra Singh had resigned from his ministry and has also quit the Congress Party for his political differences with the then chief minister Sri Babu. It was considered as a great rebellion in Congress Party at that time when Sri Babu was the most popular leader of the state and Congress Party has its influence over the masses during his tenure as chief minister. But even at that time Ramcharitra Singh contested elections against Sri Babu's Congress Party nominee - one Mr Ahmed of Baro village and has defeated him. Such was the spirit of rebellion for which the district of Begusarai was once famous for. Many national legends have emerged from this small district.One of them being Rai Bahadur Acchutanand Sahai.It is said that this man possessed extraordinary intelligence.This man had 1,800 acres (7.3 km2) of land at that point of time and was literally the owner of half of Begusarai.The East India Company used to regard him a lot and used to take his decision before taking any step.There are many temples built in his name, so many social organisations created by him, this man was ready for any kind of help people needed without any reluctance whether it be in terms of money, property, daughters marriage etc. Bihat village has gone down in the pages of history as "Bardoli of Bihar" for its rebellion against British Imperialism. British army had to face the wrath of the villagers at one time when it had reached to Bihat village to crush the satygrahis there who were fighting for the independence of India. Com. Suraj Narain Singh and Rameshwar Singh of village Madhurapur of the district were one of the founders of the Communist movement in the district who led agricultural workers and share-croppers movements in Naokothi, Bakhri and other parts of the district. Rameshwar Singh also represented Barauni assembly segment in state assembly. Suraj Da - as Com. Surajnarain Singh was popular among the masses, emerged as main architect of anti-Congress politics in the district and during his time he had the distinction of

winning all the seven assembly seats of the districts. He had represented Balia Lok Sabha seat of the district thrice and died as a sitting MP. However; following his death those who had inherited the leadership of Communist movement in the district from him proved themselves to be totally unworthy of leading a party.Today till 2005 elections CPI had two MLAs - one from Barauni and the other from Bakhri assembly segments which has now reduced to 1 after 2010 Bihar assembly election results. Now the party has only one MLA - Awadhesh Kumar Rai from Bachchwara assembly seat of the district. Incidentally Rai happens to be the lone CPI member in 15th Bihar Vidhan Sabha from across the state. The politics of the district is now being dominated by the Mafias and CPI or for that matter not even the other political parties of the district is in a position to check criminalisation of politics in the district. The situation so worsened that at one point of time the Balia Lok Sabha seat of the district was represented by a rank criminal like Suraj Bhan Singh of Mokama of the Lok Janshakti Party (LJP) who was later awarded life term for his being found guilty of killing Rami Singh of Madhurapur village while he was a sitting MP. History It was established in 1870 as a subdivision of Munger District. In 1972, it was given district status after a strong pressure on the government by Late Rai Saheb Bhubneshwari Sahai.This man had a charismatic personality and was the first person in the district to be awarded the prestigious title of Rai Saheb by the British.It is said that before independence Rai Saheb controlled the whole of politics of Begusarai, without whose permission no leaf would move.The name of the district apparently comes from "Begum" (queen)+ "Sarai" (inn). "Begum" of Bhagalpur used to come to the "Simaria Ghat" (holy place at Ganges bank) for a month of pilgrimage which later took slang form of Begusarai. without rai sahb babu ramdhari singh never finish the history of begusarai...who belongs to chittror village who is in near to ganga river,babu ramdhri singh four father is independent king "king without crown "of era 1650 to 18th century. the famous one is raja babu bakhtawr singh who did much trouble for British government,sambho is a place where they born and around 1920 to 1930 ganga river was interned in middle of both village,sambho and chittror is brothers village and without any record its reflect breviary of chakwars,chakwars is the one of powerful Brahmin in bihar. Geography Begusarai is located at 2525N 8608E / 25.42N 86.13E / 25.42; 86.13.[2] It has an average elevation of 41 metres (134 feet). It has an area of 1879 square km. The district of Begusarai lies in the middle part of the mid Ganga plain. In general, it is a low-lying flat terrain(MSL45m-32m)having a southerly to southeasterly slope. This factor governs the flow of streams. Geomorphologically it is a part of the Gandak- Kosi inerfluve. The southern part of the district, except those of low-lying flood plains of Ganga, appears to be an elevated landmass when compared to the adjoining districts of Khagaria and

Samastipur. Hence, being a safer destination amidst the flood drained region, it supports the human activities in a better way. The district is drained by a no of rivers viz. Ganga, Burhi Gandak, Bagmati and Balan rivers and in addition, small rivulets, dhars, nalas which are originated locally and preserve rain water, mark the landscape. Among the rivers, Ganga, Burhi Gandak, Kosi, Kareha and Bagmati are perennial, whereas Channa River, Bainti nadi, Kachna nadi, Monrya nadi and Malti nadi are seasonal. The District contains Asia's largest oxbow lake, kabar Taal which contains some of rare and endangered birds and is situated near Manjhaul village. Climate Being part of the Gangetic plains of the Indian subcontinent, the district experiences three climatic seasons the summer season from March to mid June, the monsoon season from mid June to October and the winter season from November to February. The month of February & March fall in the transitional season from winter to summer described as spring or Basant. Similarly the months of September & October falls in the transitional season from the monsoon season to the winter season and described as Shishir. Demographics The 2001 census count placed the Begusarai population at 23,42,989 as on the first of March. The population has grown at an annual average rate of 2.9%. There are many stages in the demographic transition beginning with a declining mortality and continuing fertility to a stage where both mortality and fertility rates decline more or less at the same rate and keep the population stable over a period of time. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Begusarai has an average literacy rate of 65%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 59% of the males and 41% of females literate. 15% of the population is under 6 years of age. Culture Ramdhari Singh 'Dinkar' ( ' ') (September 23, 1908 April 24, 1974) was an Indian Hindi poet, essayist and academician,[3][4] who is considered as one of the most important modern Hindi poets. Dinkar emerged as a rebellious poet with his nationalist poetry in pre-Independence days. His poetry exuded veer rasa, and he has been hailed as a Rashtrakavi ("National poet") evoking the spirit of nationalism on account of his inspiring patriotic composition. Dinkar was born in a poor Bhumihar Brahmin[5] family in Simariya village of Begusarai district in Bihar. Eminent Historian Professor Ram Sharan Sharma was born on 26 November 1919 in BarauniDeorhi, Begusarai, Bihar in a poor family.[6] The present Governor of Sikkim, India, Shri Balmiki Prasad Singh belongs to Bihat village of this district. He had served as union home secretary for long while he was in active service in Indian Administrative Cadre. In Hindi literature district has produced noted Hindi Critique Murli Manohar Prasad Singh a native of Barauni Deorhi village, Arun Prakash - a resident of Nipania village of district who had served as editor of the Sahitya Akademi literary magazine Samkalin Bhartiya Sahitya and a fearless revolutionary journalist of repute, Arun Kumar of village Madhurapur

(Purbari Tola) who is presently associated with The Times Of India, Patna Edition. Pushpraj - a native of Manjhaul village of district - has recently emerged as budding Hindi writer from the district whose Hindi title Nandigram Diary published from Penguin (India) has made its presence felt in the Hindi literary world of India. Arun Kumar is a known revolutionary trade unionist of the media industry in Bihar and is presently the Geneal Secretary of Bihar Working Journalists Union (BWJU) known in Hindi as Bihar Shramajeevi Patrakar Union, Patna. He is also the member of the national executive committee of the Indian Journalists Union (IJU) - an All India body of the Journalists. Kumar also happens to be the Vice President of Bihar state chapter of Peoples' Union For Civil Liberties (PUCL) who has worked more from behind the scene to organise Begusarai district unit of PUCL. Significantly Begusarai district unit of PUCL finds its place as one of the few hyperactive district units of this national human rights body - PUCL - across India. Begusarai has also at one point of history has been known for its cultural activities. Begusarai unit of the Indian People's Theatres Association (IPTA) has been famous for its activities. Unfortunately it has now lost its sheen perhaps because of lack of any movement in the district. It was because of the Communist movement led by CPI in the district that the IPTA district unit was active. Dr. Piyush Gupta - a well known physician was the main architect behind the cultural activities. But after Dr Gupta leaving Begusarai for Patna the cultural movement started dying down. Bindeshwari Singh was known for his divine singing voice and his mesmerizing art of rendering stories from Indian mythology. People knew him as a rare gift of God for them. He was from Bihat village of this district. Noted Folk dancer Sudama Ji, singer Sitaram Singh, Ajit Kumar Akela and innumerable other drama actors, singers, dancers and sculptors has remained associated with Begusarai when the cultural movement was alive there in the district. However; sadly all this has now declined remarkably. At the moment no one who does not know about the cultural background of the district could even imagine of such a glorious past. People mainly speak Hindi and a local variant of Angika(locally called thethi.) Civic administration Administrative Division No. of Sub-Division 5 No. of Blocks 18 No. of Pancha 257 *No. of Revenue Villages 1229 *No. of Habitations 1198 Sub Divisions: Begusarai, Manjhaul, Ballia, Bakhari, Teghara Economy Begusarai is known as the Industrial Town of Bihar. There are many Ancillary Industries here. The three main Industries are Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL), Barauni Thermal Power Station (BTPS),Hindustan Fertilizer Corporation Limited (HFCL).(HFCL CLOSE BY CENTRAL GOVERNMENT)

Agriculture is the mainstay of the economy. 88.33% people depend upon agriculture. Main cash crops of the district are oilseeds, tobacco, jute, potato, red chilies, tomato and andi. Type Area (Hectare) Total irrigated land 74,225.57 Forest Nil Orch. etc. 5,000 Kharif Paddy 22,000 Garma Paddy 10,000 Wheat 61,000 Irrigated * Permanent : 6,384.29 * Seasonal : 4,866.37 Wasteland and non arable 2,118 Natural water sources : Begusarai district is located in the middle Ganga plain. Main rivers are Burhi Gandak, Balan, Bainty, Baya and Chandrabhaga. Kaver Jheel: Kaver Jheel one of Asias largest freshwater lakes, also famous for bird sanctuary. Minerals : No minerals of economic importance Irrigation : Mostly by Tubwells Transport Begusarai is well connected to other parts of Bihar and India through railways as well as roads. New Delhi - Guwahati railway line passes through Begusarai. There is a small aerodrome in Ulao, five km from the district headquarters. Barauni Railway Junction holds major importance in east-central Bihar. A number of important trains originate from this station for major cities like Delhi, Guwahati, Amritsar, Varanasi, Lucknow, Mumbai, Chennai etc. Rajendra Setu on the Ganga is connected to Mokama and Hathidah. There are 18 railway stations in this district. Interior parts of the district are well connected to the main roads. The National Highways 28 and 31 link this district to the other parts of the country. Their total length is 95 km. State roads have a total length of 262 km. 95% of the all the villages are linked to the rural and urban road facilities.Transport area is also connected to hotels for customer stay. <head>ranjeet</head> Educational institutions All colleges are affiliated to L.N.Mithila University, Darbhanga. Most prominent colleges are Ganesh Dutt College, Cooperative College, Mahila College, A.P.S.M.College Barauni. Some of the renowned schools are, BSS Inter Collegiate High School, BP High School, RTS Vishwa Vidyapeeth (Behind G.D. College), St. Paul's School, DAV Barauni, B R DAV (IOC), KV IOC, DAV Itwa Nagar, Cyberschool,Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya,R.K.C.High school Barauni, RKH School Chhourahi Bakhadda & Baro Middle School (STD-1873) in world famous Village BARO. etc. Places to visit

* Kanwar Lake Bird Sanctuary Contains rare and endangered migratory birds and is Asia's largest Oxbow lake, Jai Mangla Temple (at Kanwar Lake), Nawlakha temple and Simaria's Ganga Bank (also known as the birth Place of India's National Poet Ramdhari Singh Dinkar) Ayodhaya High School Gyan Bharti, J K High School, Omer Girls High school, R.K.C.High School. baro high school.babu ramdhin singh middle school Barauni Contents:- Railways/ Dairy/ Academic Institutions Barauni is a town in the state of Bihar, India. Barauni was once an Industrial town in Begusarai district, Bihar. After the partition of the Jharkhand from Bihar, it had and still have a potential to become the industrial capital of Bihar. But because of lack of a dynamic leader - and that too a son of the soil - to voice the concern of Barauni. An articulate leader of some stature whose voice could be heard at the places where decisions are taken. Such a leader needs support of greater majority of masses in the locality cutting across caste, creed, religion and other barriers to serve the interest of Barauni. Sadly Barauni Railway Junction which once used to be an important junction on the map of the Indian Railways has now been reduced from its earlier status of a Terminus Junction to a Roadside station. Surprisingly very recently the Platform No.1 of the Barauni Junction has been shifted from the original Barauni Junction to another place - located at a distance of at least one and half kilometres away from the original junction. Perhaps it might be a record of its sort in the history of Indian Railways. Almost all the North-East India or Saharsa bound Indian Railway Trains coming from New Delhi or other places is now routed through this newly constructed by-pass - the so called Barauni Junction Platform Number 1. The town situated at the bank of the holy river Ganges is connected by a Railway-cum-Road bridge over connecting North Bihar and South Bihar known as Rajendra Bridge officially but as Mokama bridge in common parlance. The major industries here were/ are : * Indian Oil refinery * Barauni Thermal Power Station BSEB * Hindustan fertilizers corporation Page is in Hindi * Barauni dairy Railways Barauni is one of the important stations in Bihar. It is a junction and is connected to the all the four metropolis New Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai and Chennai through important Broad Gauge Routes. It takes around 15 hours to reach Barauni from New Delhi through train. Dairy Barauni dairy is the best in bihar. Academic Institutions Barauni has several schools and colleges. One of the notable government school is RKC High School, Phulwaria. It houses more than 1000 students in an academic year and 50

teaching staffs. This school has residential facility and students from neighboring cities used to come to pursue their schooling. It has produced several bright students over a century. Students of this school are spread across the globe and are successful in various professions. The APSM college is another notable college, which provides higher level education in Science, Arts, Philosophy and many more disciplines. It houses more than 5000 students in an academic year and 150 teaching staffs. Barauni IOC Township Barauni IOC Township is a census town at Barauni in Begusarai district in the state of Bihar, India. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Barauni IOC Township had a population of 13,825. Males constitute 55% of the population and females 45%. Barauni IOC Township has an average literacy rate of 82%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 58% of the males and 42% of females literate. 13% of the population is under 6 years of age. Mohanpur Mohanpur is a medium populated village in Begusarai District. It is situated at the bank of Burhi Gandak. Nearest sub-divisions are Manjhaul and Begusarai. Mohanpur has one High School , one Middle School and two Primary schools. Economy is mainly agrarian. This village also boasts of hospital, bank and a public library. The Road to Mohanpur Village This image has been taken while going towards Begusarai ( South of Mohanpur) from Manjhaul ( North of Mohanpur). Darbhanga district Contents:- Geography/ Rivers/ Climate/ Economy/ Agriculture/ Industry/ Demography/ Divisions/ Culture/ Education/ Universities/ Politics Darbhanga district (Hindi: ) is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar state in eastern India, and Darbhanga town is the administrative headquarters of this district. Darbhanga district is a part of Darbhanga Division. The district is bounded on the north by Madhubani district, on the south by Samastipur district, on the east by Saharsa district and on the west by Sitamarhi and Muzaffarpur districts. The district covers an area of 2,279 km. Geography The district has a vast alluvial plain devoid of any hills. There is a gentle slope from north to south with a depression on the centre. The District can be divided into four natural divisions. The eastern part consists of Ghanshyampur, Biraul and Kusheshwarsthan blocks. This part contains fresh silt deposited by the Kosi River. This region was under the influence of Kosi floods till the construction of Kosi embankment during the Second Five Year Plan. It contains large tracts of sandy land covered with wild marshes. The second part comprises the regions lying south of the Burhi Gandak River and is the most fertile area in the district. It is at a higher level than the other parts of the district and contains very few marshlands. This part is well suited to the rabi crops. The third natural region is the doab between the rivers, Burhi Gandak and Baghmati and consists of low-lying areas dotted over by marshes. This

region gets flooded almost every year. The fourth division consists the Sadar sub-division of the district. This region is watered by numerous streams and contains some uplands. Rivers Though numerous rivers originating in the Himalayas water this district, it has four major river systems, the Baghmati, the little Baghmati, the Kamla and the Tiljuga. The Bagmati, enters this district from Muzaffarpur district, forms a natural boundary between the district and Samastipur district and pursues a southeasterly course till it joins the Burhi Gandak River near Rosera. The little Bagmati enters the district from Madhubani district near Pali and turns past Darbhanga town down to Hayaghat, where it joins the Baghmati proper. The Kamla River enters the district at Singar Pandaul, and flowing east of Darbhanga town, joins the Tiljuga at the southeastern corner of Rosera block. The Tiljuga skirts the eastern boundary of the district. Climate The climate of this district is dry. There are three well-marked seasons in this district, the winter, the summer & the rainy season. The winter season starts in November and continues till February, though March is also pleasant. Westerly winds begin to blow in the second half of March and temperature rises considerably. May is the hottest month when the temperature goes up to 42C. Rain sets in towards the middle of June. With the advent of the rainy season, temperature drops but humidity rises. The moist heat of the rainy season is very oppressive till August. The rain continues till the middle of October. Average annual rainfall of this district is 1142.3 mm. Around 92% of the total rainfall is received during monsoon months. Economy Agriculture is the primary occupation of the majority of the population of this district. There are a huge amount of educated people in Darbhanga. The occupation is mainly doctor, engineer,Govt services,many more IAS IPS can be seen in Darbhanga district. Agriculture The major crop of this district is rice. Other crops produced in this district are wheat, maize, pulses, oil seeds and sugarcane. The district is also famous for mango has many mango orchards. Industry The main industries of this district are Paper Mills, Sugar Mills and Handloom. Demography Population of this district as per 2001 census is 3,285,493 of which rural population is 3,018,639 and urban population is 266,834. According to the Census of India 2001[1], literacy rate of the district is 44.32% (male 57.18%, female 30.35%). As per 1991 census, the district has 19,55,068 Hindus, 5,55,429 Muslim, 141 Christians, 198 Sikhs, 26 Buddhists and 27 Jains. The main language spoken in this district is Maithili. Other languages spoken are Hindi and Urdu. The number of residents, able to converse in English is continuously increasing. Divisions

The district comprises three sub-divisions which is further divided into 18 blocks. The subdivisions are Darbhanga Sadar, Benipur and Biraul. The blocks are Darbhanga, Jale, Singhwara, Keoti, Manigachhi, Tardih (newly formed divided from manigachi block ), Alinagar, Benipur, Bahadurpur, Hanuman Nagar, Hayaghat, Baheri, Biraul, Ghanshyampur, Kiratpur, Gaura Bauram, Kusheswarasthan, and Kusheswarasthan East. This district has 329 Panchayats, 1269 villages & 23 Police Stations. Some of the villages are Pindaruch, Devkuli Dham, Paithan Kabai, Baqui pur, Maheshpatti, Kaligaon, Kansi, Pandaol, Panchobh, Rajarouly-Rampur rouly, Balbhadrapur, Gobindpur, Dharar, Koilakh, Karaj, Nehra, Sahora, Kabilpur, Bahadurpur, Anandpur, Deokuli, Rambhadrapur, Ughara, Patore, Ghanshyampur (famous for Higher cadre services ), Mohanpur, Kamtol, Kothram, Dodhiya, Balha, Dheruk, Mahinam, Pohaddi, Sakhwar(famous for Mandan Mishra ), Tatuar, Antaur, Muraitha, Kathra, lahta, Tumaul, Nawada, Ghonghia (famous for Makhana ), Beloune, Makrampur, Putai, Dadpatti, Kurson Nadiyami, Thengha,Basant,better known as Kharka Basant near Jale. There are one Lok Sabha and 10 Vidhan Sabha constituencies in this district. Manigachhi, Bahera, Darbhanga Rural (SC), Darbhanga, Keoti and Hayaghat Vidhan Sabha constituencies are part of the lone Lok Sabha constituency of this district, Darbhanga. Jale Vidhan Sabha constituency is part of Madhubani Lok Sabha constituency while Ghanshyampur, Baheri and Singhia Vidhan Sabha constituencies are part of Rosera Lok Sabha constituency (only a part of Singhia Vidhan Sabha constituency is within this district). Culture This district is known for its rich tradition of folk art form, Mithila Painting. Traditional folk drama styles of Mithila region are also very popular in this district. Most prominent among them are Nautanki, Natua Nach and Sama Chakeva , Madhushrawani (new Bridegrooms). A number of fairs and melas are organised in various parts of the district. The Kartik Purnima mela, Dussehra mela, Janmashtami mela and Divali mela are most popular among them. Mela for bride can be seen in "Sauratha Sabha" where marriages are settled . Two of the prominent and popular Artistic groups of this district are Mithila Chetna Parishad and Adarsh Kala Manch. Mithila Chetna Parishad is a professionally managed conglomerate of artistic activities of Mithila region. They also conduct stage shows all over India and abroad to spread the ethos of Maithili art and culture. Adarsh Kala Manch, Madanpur (in Bahadurpur Block) is run by a group of amateur artists and activists of the villages in this region. This group is immensely popular due to the depth and style of presentation of local Maithili Natak (based on religious and social themes). However off late, the scarcity of funds has forced this club to reduce its activities and limit it within the village during Festivals like Chhat and Chitragupt Puja. Education Universities The Lalit Narayan Mithila University in Darbhanga was established on 7 August, 1972 by dividing the Bihar University (now Baba Saheb Bhim Rao Ambedkar University), Muzaffarpur. It was shifted in the building of Darbhanga Raj in 1975. The Kameshwar Singh Sanskrit University was established in 1961. A great learned Mahamhopadhyay Dr. Umesh

Misra was the first Vice Chancellor of this University. Nearly 5500 rare manuscripts on epic, philosophy, Vyakaran, Dharmashastra and a few manuscripts of Vidyapati, Mahesh Thakur in their own handwriting are preserved in the university. The post Graduate Department is corporated with the Veda, the Vyakarna, the Dharma Shastra, the Darshana, the Jyotish & the Sahitya are functioning. Kameshwar Singh Sanskrit University is tha largest university in the world on the basis of intake (approx. 500000 students) in different streams. Politics The major political parties/political organisations active with varying degrees of penetration are as follows Rashtriya Janta Dal(RJD) Janta Dal United(JD(U)) B haratiya Janta Party (BJP) Congress Communist Party of India Marxist(CPI(M)) Communist Party of India Marxist-Leninist(CPI(ML)) People's Association(PA) Md.Ali Ashraf Fatmi of RJD has been the longest serving MP from Darbhanga.He was the Minister of State for HRD also.Kirti Jha Azad(the cricketeer)has been elected MP twice.People's Association is a force to reckon with in Darbhanga which has its base in Dalits,Minorities and OBCs and is the most vocal voice against communalism and casteism.It is relevant to give a historical glimpse also.The atmosphere is non-communal by and large and Muslims of Darbhanga were mostly opposed to the Pakistan Movement of Muslim League in the 1940s[ Darbhang is a city and a municipal corporation in and headquarters of Darbhanga district and Darbhanga Division in the state of Bihar, India. Contents * 1 Etymology * 2 History * 3 Geography * 4 Geological Profile * 5 Languages and Religion * 6 Cinemas (Town) * 7 Demographics * 8 Education * 9 Railways * 10 Business Etymology There is controversy over its etymology. Some scholars say that the name originates from Dwar Banga or Dwar Vanga meaning "Gate of Bengal" as it was en route of the Bengal where some others argue that it got its name from Dwar Bhanga or "gates broken" (for gates of Hindu broken at Qil Ght in 1326 AD when Tughlaq forces captured the last Hindu state in North India, ruled by Harisinghdeva). The name of the district has been derived from its head quarter and principal town, which is said to have been founded by Darbhangi Khn, who was the Fauzdr or military head of Tughlaq forces stationed at Urdu (original meaning "cantonment"), later the title Darbhangi Khn was applied to his direct descendants. Darbhang is home to Karna Kayasthas and Maithil Brahmin , among others.

History The history of Darbhanga dates back to the Ramayana and Mahabharata periods; it is among the oldest cities of Bihar. According to the Vedic sources, the Videhas first migrated to the area from the banks of Saraswati in Punjab. They were guided to the east of Sadanira (Gandak River) by Agni, the God of Fire. Settlements were established and, thus, flourished the kingdom of the Videhas, the Selfless. In the course of time Videhas came to be ruled by a line of kings called Janaks. In this line of kings there was a very famous king named Mithi. To commemorate his greatness the territory was named as MITHILA. Another famous king was Janak Sirdhwaja, father of Sita. The legends speak of various learned men patronized by Janak Sirdhwaja, who himself was an erudite scholar. Prominent among them were Yagyavalkya, who codified the Hindu law in his Yagyavalkya Smriti and Gautam, who had various valuable philosophical treatises to his credit. King Janak was himself a great philosopher and his ideas have been eternally enshrined in the Upanishads, especially in the Brihad-rayaka Upaniada. Traditions also speak of Kapila's relationship with this area that propounded the Sankhya philosophy. The association of this area with the Pandavas is also evident by the popular belief that they stayed here during their period of exile. The learned men like Vidyapati, Kumaril Bhatt, Mandan Mishra, and Ngrjun belonged to this region. Darbhanga is a town with a population of nearly 300 thousand. Some scholars say that Darbhanga was named after Dar (Dwar) + Bhangaa which means gates+broken. It is guessed that gates of the Qila (at Qilaghat probably) were broken (by cannons or elephants) in 1326 AD when Tughlak forces attacked the last independent North Indian Hindu king Harisinghdeva (of the Karnaata Chalukya dynasty from Karnataka) who ruled over North Bihar and most of Nepal. Historians guess that the capital of Harisinghdeva was situated near foothills of Himalayas, Haraahi pond in Darbhanga is named after Harisinghdeva and the pond Gangaasagar is named after his ancestor Gangadeva who was son of Naanyadeva, the founder of this dynasty; Naanyadeva was a chieftain of Chalukya king Vikramaditya-VI of Karnatak who had successfully invaded North India in the end of 11th century. Hindus began to flock to this town since the beginning of 19th century when the Maharaja of Darbhanga shifted his residence to this town and was granted the title Maharaja by East India Company. It was the biggest town of North Bihar for centuries, but after Muzaffarpur was connected to broad gauge railway in mid-1970s, the latter overtook Darbhanga due to shift of trade, commerce, business and transport to some extent. Once part of the Brahman kingdom of Mithila, Darbhanga passed to the Tughlaks in the 14th century. The British assumed control in 1765. Darbhanga was an ancient city of Mithila, which is an ancient cultural region of North India lying between the lower ranges of the Himalayas and the Ganges River. The Nepal border cuts across the top fringe of this region. The Gandak and Kosi Rivers are rough western and eastern boundaries of Mithila. Maharaja of Darbhanga.

It is a noteworthy seat of the Maharaja of Darbhanga. During Akbar's reign in the sixteenth century, a second Maithil Brahman family came to rule as the Khandavala Dynasty. During this period, Akbar also planted 100,000 mango trees in Darbhanga, at a place now known as Lakhi Bagh [1] By British times, their estate, Darbhanga Raj, was the largest and richest of the great zamindari estates. Their capital was in Bhaur village in Madhubani, later shifted to the town of Darbhanga. They controlled most of Mithila until after Independence when the Republic of India abolished zamindari (Maharaja of Darbhanga was actually a zamindar entitled to add the title Maharaja in his name, besides the British title KCIE). Maharajah Sir Lakhmishwar Singh, K.C.I.E., of Darbhanga, who was only in his forty-third year at the time of his death in 1898, was in every sense the best type of the Indian nobleman and landlord. He was the leading zamindar in India, where he owned no less than 2,152 square miles (5,570 km2) with a net yearly rental of 30 lakhs, and was the recognized head of the orthodox Hindu community. His philanthropy and his munificent contributions to all public movement won him the esteem of all classes and creeds. He took an active part in public life and enjoyed a high reputation as a progressive and liberal minded statesman. With but slight interruptions he was a member of the Supreme Legislative Council from the year 1883 until his death, and latterly he sat in that body as the elected representative of the nonofficial members of the Bengal Council.[2] Cotton, H.E.A. The Maharaja of Darbhanga, Kameshwar Singh was also an integral part of the Constituent Assembly of India and was instrumental in campaigning for retention of privy purses and land rights for rulers. He single handedly negotiated rights of various rulers and nawabs. Darbhanga city is essentially a twin city with Darbhanga tower and Laheriasarai tower at its two ends. Laheriasarai has been named after the famous Lahri walas whose traditional occupation was to weave textiles and make bangles especially of Lah, imported from Ranchi and other places. Geography Darbhanga town is located at 2610N 8554E / 26.17N 85.9E / 26.17; 85.9.[3] It has an average elevation of (52 to 39 metres) 48 metres (127 feet). Geological Profile Darbhanga Town The District of Darbhanga can be divided into four natural divisions. The eastern portion consisting of Ghanshyampur, Biraul and Kusheshwarsthan blocks contain fresh silt deposited by the Kosi River. This region was under the influence of Kosi floods till the construction of Kosi embankment in the Second Five Year Plan. It contains large tracts of sandy land covered with wild marsh. The second division consists of the anchals lying south of the Boorhi Gandak river and is the most fertile area in the district. It is also on higher level than the other part of the district and contains very few marshes. It is well suited to the rabbi crops. The third natural region is the doab between the Burhi Gandak and Baghmati and consists of the low-lying areas dotted over by chaur and marshes. It gets floods every year. The fourth

division covers the Sadar sub-division of the district. This tract is watered by numerous streams and contains some up-lands. The district has a vast alluvial plain devoid of any hills. There is a gentle slope from north to south with a depression on the centre. Numerous rivers originating in the Himalays water this district. Out of these rivers Kamla, Baghmati, Kosi and Kareh are of most importance. The District has somewhat dry and healthy climate. There are three well-marked seasons, the winter, the summer & the Rainy season. The cold weather begins in November and continues up to February, though March is also somewhat cool. Westerly winds begin to blow in the second half of March and temperature rises considerably. May is the hottest month when the temperature goes up to 107 F (42 C). Rain sets in towards the middle of June. With the advent of the Rainy seasons, temperature falls and humidity rises. The moist heat of the Rainy season is very oppressive up to August. The rain continues till the middle of October. Average rainfall is 1142.3 mm. around 92% of rainfall is received during monsoon months. Languages and Religion The languages spoken in this district are Maithili and Hindi and its variations, Urdu and its unique style spoken by locale Muslim Community. Other languages spoken by their respective speakers are Bengali, Marwari, Punjabi, Sindhi and Nepali. Religion-wise breakup of population is indicated below as per 1991 census: Hindus: 19,55,068, Muslims: 8,55,429, Christians: 141, Sikhs: 198, Buddhists: 26, Jains: 27, Other religions and persuasions: 70. Cinemas (Town) * Movie Planet (in Raj Quila) * National (Near Naka no.5) * Uma (Near Cinema Chowk) * Craze dolby (Near Cinema Chowk) * Punam (Near Tower Chowk, Darbhanga) * Light House (Laheriasarai) * Hitachi theater ( Kamtaul) Demographics As of 2001 India census,[4] Darbhanga Town had a population of 266,834. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Darbhanga has an average literacy rate of 64%, which is higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 72% and, female literacy is 56%. In Darbhanga, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age. Darbhanga is a place where people of different languages and religions live. There are many lingual minorities which have contributed in the development of Darbhanga. Bengalis have served specially in the education and in the medical sectors in highly regarded high profile jobs and also achieved in literature and arts. They are here for more than a century. Today there are many big names and scholar Bengali families in Darbhanga. Marwaris who also exist in Darbhanga for more than a century really contributed to its economic growth and take its shape. Now it is very to hard think economic activities without them. There are many affluent Marwari families in Darbhanga which are known for philanthropy and they pioneered to open several schools, colleges and other institutions.Like other cities id India, Punjabi and Sindhi came

specially after the partition as refugees but their hard labor and devotion towards work made them one of the most richest segments of Darbhanga. They also have their own establishments like gurudwars. There are a significant number of Nepali people which can be found in different jobs. There are a small South Indian community ( Specially Keralite Christians) which also do jobs as teachers or medical staffs. They have contributed to many establishments like Holy Cross School which really started a new new kind of education in Darbhanga. Education 2 Universities, 17 General Colleges (Constituent), 5 Sanskrit College (Constituent), 26 General College (Affiliated) and 1 Sanskrit College (Affiliated) exists beside a hoarde of other colleges for professional education. Beside this, following categories of schools/colleges are imparting secondary level education: * High School- 70 * Middle School- 312 * Primary School- 1165 Besides these there are around 900 coaching centres/institutes.They are varied in their area of expertise and training.All these(Universities,colleges,schools and coaching centres) make Darbhanga a major educational destination of North Bihar.Students from many other states like Kashmir and other districts flock Darbhanga. Universities Following two universities recognised by University Grants Commission (of India) and Government of India are located in Darbhanga town, adjacent to each other: (1) Kameshwar Singh Darbhanga Sanskrit University, (2) Lalit Narayan Mithila University, (3) IGNOU Darbhanga Center, (4) National Urdu University, Darbhanga Campus. Mithila Research Institute in Darbhanga town has a great collection of nearly 50000 old manuscripts. Colleges for Professional Courses: Darbhanga Institute of Technology, Darbhanga Medical College & Hospital (DMCH), Darbhanga Dental College, Mithila Minority Dental College, Salfia unani medical college, Saryug Dental College, MRM Aurvedic College (Darbhanga), Maharani Rameshwari Bhartiya Chikitsa Vigyan Sansthan (Mohanpur), Women's Institute of Technology, Dr Zakir Hussaun Teacher's Training College, Nurses Training School, Government Polytechnic College, Bihar Govt. Industrical Training Institute (ITI), Imarat Mujibia Technical Institute Mahdauli (IMTI), Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Industrial Training Institute (MAKAITI), Degree Colleges M.R.S.M College Anandpur (Sahora), Brahmanand Kala Mahavidyalay, C. M. College, C M Science College, R.N.M.Govt Girls Intermediate College,Laheriasarai, K S College, Lohia Charan Singh College, M.K.College, M.L.S.M College, M.M.T.M. College, M.R.M. College, Mahatma Gandhi College, Maq college, Marwari college, Millat College (Laheria Sarai), R B Jalan College, R L College Nimaithi, Janta Koshi College (Biroul), Vidya Nand Mithila Sanskrit College, Darbhanga.

Secondary Level Schools Delhi Public School Kadirabad, Kendriya Vidyalaya (3 Nos.), Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, North Brook Zila School, Government High School, Pindaruch, Woodbine Modern School, Atihar high school Atihar, Sarvoday high School, Gangasagar, Purvanchal High School, Marwari High School, L. R Girls High School, M.C.High School Kadirabad, Onkar High School SUPAUL BAZAR, Mukundi Chaudhari High School, .L.J.L. Sahu High School Khirma, H. B. Sogra High Memorial Urdu Girl School Halim Khan, Janta High SchoolJiwachh Ghat (Muria), Videh High School (Ughara), Mithila High School Makhnahi, D A V Public School, Saramohanpur' Darbhanga Central School, Darbhanga Public School, Don Bosco School, Gyan Bharti School, Harrow English school, Iqra Academy, Holy Cross School, Jesus And Marry Academy, Kid Care School, Maddonna English school, Rose Public School, Salfia school, Vidhya Vihar Vidhalay, Model Public School Saho Parari, High School Pohaddi, Mahinam, M.L.Academy (Sarasvati School), Laheriasarai, D.N. High School, Panchobh, Raj High school, Darbhanga Public School, Mahip Narayan Middle School, Shafi Muslim High School, Musa Sah School, Gyan Niketan public school, Anandpur Alhera public school Urdu Coaching Centres The demand is higher than supply and in such a scenario coaching centres fulfill a great need.Naming the coaching centres is not an easy task.Suffice it to tell that most (around 75%)deal with science subjects.English and Spoken English comes in the second.The biggest names are related to competitive exams like IAS,BPSC,PO,SSC,MBA,Engineering and Medical Exams.There is also a haphahazardness relating to coaching industry.Govt. is soon going to bring a legislation for better regulation of these institutes.There are philanthropic educational efforts also.Scientia Oeikos,Rahbar and many others try to help poor students.Depth Academy(For IAS,BPSC,MBA,PO,SSC etc.) needs special mention which gives free education to the disadvantaged like Dalits,Dalit Muslims,Dalit Christians and financially challenged students from other communities.The govt. also runs coaching centres for the disadvantaged. Darbhanga is highly regarded for its quality of education in the surrounding regions which attracts flocks of the students. There are many well know educationists in Darbhanga known for their pedagogy. Railways Darbhanga (Station Code -"DBG") is one of the most important railway station of "A1" category under the East Central Railway (ECR) headquartered at Hajipur.Darbhanga was the first city of north Bihar to get connection with meter gauge track in 1875, when track between Bajitpur (at the banks of ganga) Darbhanga laid. Later the railway line extended towards eastern side up to Kosi river up to kanwaGhat and other side of the river was Anchra Ghat linking to Purnia in the East. On west side track was linkd up to Gorakhpur, making whole route as Trunk route. But due to Floods and Kosi's curse change both lines ware broken. Now a bridge on Gandak at Valmikinagar was built to connect West side and

another mega bridge on Kosi at Nirmali is under construction which will link Far Eastern region with main land. There are three important railway lines: * Darbhanga to Samastipur (Broad Gauge) * Darbhanga to Sitamadhi (Broad Gauage) * Darbhanga to Jaynagar (Broad gauage) * Sakri to Biraul <Hasanpur/Khagaria>- New BG line up to Biraul has been constructed. * Sakri-Nirmali/Laukaha Bazaar MG. Direct trains are also available from Darbhanga* Darbhanga to Sealdah, Chitpur (Kolkata) (Gangasagar Exp)-(Mithilanchal Exp TriWeekly)- (Maithili Exp Bi-Weekly), * Darbhanga to New Delhi / Delhi (Bihar Sampark Kranti SF), Swatantrata Sainani SF),(Licchavi Exp) * Darbhanga to Pune (Gyan Ganga Exp) via. Nagpur and Jabalpur Junction in Madhya Pradesh (Weekly 1033/1034), * Darbhanga to (LTT) Mumbai (Pawan Exp) via. Jabalpur, * Darbhanga-LTT Karmabhoomi Weekly Super Fast(Un Reserved)Express, * Darbhanga to Chennai / Bangalore([Bagmati Weekly SF]) * Jaynagar/Darbhanga to Amritser (Shaheed ex, Saryu Yamuna Exp, Jannayak Exp), * Jaynagar/Darbhanga to Patna/Danapur (Danapur/Jaynagar Intecity Exp) * Darbhanga to Guwahati 2coach link(Jeewacch Exp) * Darbhanga to Ahmadabad (Sabarmati Express). * Garib Rath Express_Bi-Weekly (Jaynagar/Darbhanga/_HazratNizamuddin), * Janki Express (Jaynagar/Darbhanga-Saharsa) Tri-Weekly' * Darbhanga-Puri Weekly Express, * Darbhanga-New Jalpaiguri Weekly Express, * Jayanagar/Darbhanga - Ranchi Exp (Tri-Weekly). Other important towns connected with Darbhanga are: Gorakhpur; Varanasi, Allahabad, Lucknow, Kanpur, New Jalpaiguri, Satna, Katni, Jabalpur, Itarsi (Near Bhopal), Khandwa, Jhansi, Nagpur, Vijaywada, Ludhiana, Chennai. Approx. for every major cities it has direct train, but still it is not connected directly with Hyderabad/Secunderabad. It do not have any direct trains for Jaipur, Indore, Bhopal, Gwalior, Ujjain, Ratlam, Surat and Goa,Jammu,Dehradoon,Bikaner,Jodhpur,Dibrugarh,Visakhapattanam,Mysore,Kocchi,Pondi cherry,Thiruvanthapuram.Railway Stations and Halts Darbhanga Jn (Main City Station), Laheriasarai (Near Civil Court),Garri is the biggest villege for the moughal community and most of the people are highly educated Kakarghati, Bijuli halt, Tarsarai (Muria), Thalwara, Siso Halt, Mohammadpur, Kamtaul, Tektar, Hayaghat, Rambhadra Pur, Jogiara, Muraitha, Mandan Mishra Halt(Tatuar - Sakhwar), Biroul, Mirzapur, Manigachi, Deora Bandhouli. Benipur , Pohaddi Laxmipur Halt, Neuri, Biraul.

Business The town had an industrial development authority ( Bihar Industrial Development Authority )placed north of the government polytechnic college. This authority provides assistance to start business or small or medium scale industry in the district. The authority had land for allotting it to the industrial unit in the campus.The authority have a piece of land at Donar also for allotting it to the industrial units in Darbhanga. Darbhanga is also very famous for MAKHANA,MANGO and LICHI. In Medicine business Darbhanga is one of the biggest centre. Shivdhara Grain Market Yard is another big market activity center in Darbhanga. Laheriasarai Laheriasarai is a city in North Bihar and considered as twin-city of Darbhanga. It has had a long cultural history. It's long been an integral part of Mithila and has a religious significance for Hindus (in particular Brahmins with Jha surnames)Jha. Darbhanga is a district headquarter and many of its important offices are situated in Laheriasarai. It is named after a caste called Lahiri engaged in Lahathi making (Lac Bangle). However, the caste based profession has now completely vanished. Contents * 1 Important places o 1.1 Temples and places of worship o 1.2 Educational Institutes + 1.2.1 Music Colleges + 1.2.2 Medical College o 1.3 Health Care Industry o 1.4 Restaurants o 1.5 Markets o 1.6 Railway Station o 1.7 Other important places and buildings Important places Temples and places of worship * Hanuman Mandir (Near police line) * Hanuman Mandir (balbhadrapur chowk) * Shiv Mandir (Jail corner) * Vishwakarma Mandir (Saied Ganj) * Kaali Mandir (saied ganj) * Gayatri mandir * Hanuman mandir (benta) * Brahmasthan (balbhadrapur) * Durga Mandir (station road) * Bhagwati Mandir (Bahadurpur) Educational Institutes It has some excellent schools for education purposes like * M L Academy

* L R Girl Govt. School * Zila School * P.H.S. * K S College Some private schools: * Laheriasarai Public School * Ramashray rai public school * Jesus & Mary Academy * Rose Public School * Holy Mission School * Manas International School * D N High school Computer Institute: * ICPA(Institute of Computer & Professional Accountants) Music Colleges * Late Pandit Shatrughan Jha Sangit Mahavidyalay, Kabilpur(since 1984) Medical College Darbhanga Medical College [1] is one of the most famous medical colleges of Bihar and most prominent of North Bihar. Many students from this college have earned international fame and during epidemics have served people from North Bihar Health Care Industry Benta is big medical market catering to the needs of medicine of North Bihar. Many famous doctors practice there. Restaurants * Sitaram bhojnaylay * Subhash restaurant * Durga restaurant * Swad restaurant(commercial chowk) * Bainjan restaurant Markets * Gudri, Commercial Chowk * B K Road (station road) Railway Station Laherisarai railway station is next to Darbhanga railway station and works like an important link as it has both broad gauge and meter gauge. Other important places and buildings * Congress Bhavan (Balbahadurpur) * Laheriasarai Tower * Darhar * Bahadurpur * Balbhadrapur chowk

* Commercial chowk * Darbhanga Tower * Darbhanga Red Fort * Donar Chowk * Karam ganj * Benta * Gandhi Tower Chowk * Bengali Tola * Balbhadrapur * Kabilpur * Chatti Chowk * R.S.Tank * Khajasarai new tola * Hanuman mandir * Town hall * Kalidham * Babu Saheb Colony * Gayatri mandir * Panadasarai * Karam ganj * EkmiGhat(Chandi) * R.B.Memorial Hospital Madhubani district Madhubani District is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar state, India, and Madhubani town is the administrative headquarters of this district. Madhubani district is a part of Darbhanga Division. The district occupies an area of 3501 km and has a population of 3,570,651 (as of 2001[update]). This is the centre of Mithila, a region where the main language is Maithili. Contents * 1 Demography * 2 Divisions o 2.1 Blocks * 3 Economy * 4 Important Rivers * 5 Culture * 6 Famous Scholars Demography Population: Total: 3610687 Rural: 3501921 Urban: 90766 Divisions Sub Divisions: Madhubani, Jaynagar, Benipatti, Jhanjharpur, Phulparas. Blocks

Jainagar, Pandaul, Rahika, Bisfi, Benipatti, Basopatti, Babubarhi, Rajnagar, Madhepur, Khutauna, Khajauli, Jhanjharpur, Ghoghardiha, Ladania, Madhwapur, Harlakhi, Laukahi, Andharatharhi, Lakhnaur, Phulparas, Kaluahi Mahisham A small village and panchayat in Madhubhani district of Bihar in India. Economy Agriculture: Paddy. Wheat, Sugarcane, Paan, Pulses, Makhana, Fishing Industry: Sugar factories, Pisciculture, Mithila paintings BHATCHAURA BARUAR.makhana production Important Rivers Rivers: Kamala, Bhutahi Balaan, Bachharaja, Balaan, Tirsulla, Jeevachh.Kosi,Dhous, Ghaghra Culture The "Madhubani" style of paintings derives its name from this region as the style originated here, in the early 17th century. These paintings are made using vegetable dyes, lamp black, and the canvas is usually cloth or paper. These days, several of the well-known "Madhubani" paintings are used as motifs on bags, kurtas (an Indian garment for covering the upper-half of the body), and other materials produced using the hand-block painting technique. With ethnic-chic being in vogue, such products are all the rage, these days, not just with the Indians, but also in the export market. The people of this district is very religious and follow all religious rituals with pomp and show. The people of all religions and sects practice their rituals in great harmony. The people of this district are love and peace loving. Durgapuja, Mahashivratri, Holi, Ramnavami, Krishnashtmi and Dipawali are a few famous festivals. In a few village like Sonamati of Babubarhi block, idols of Lord Krishna, Nand baba and other God & Goddess are made with soil & bamboo stick and a fair is organized on the eve of Krishnashtmi. Almost all Hindu villages of this district have a Shivalaya where people go for Jalbhishek every morning. Muslim of this district also practice their festivals of Id & Muharram with great pomp & show. Hindu of their village and surrounding also share their festivals with joy. In Madhubani Maithils celebrate Chhath Puja which occurs just six days after Diwali with a great enthusiasm. one more important thing is Saurath Sabha in which Almost every year, during suddha or auspicious days for the settling of marriages, thousands of Maithil Brahmans gather at Sabha Gaachchi in Saurath. The Panjikaras (the person maintaining "Panji" or genealogical record) plays a very important role in fixing of marriage since it is obligatory for every person desirous of marriage to get a certificate called asvajajanapatra (non-relationship) from a panjikara, stating that there is no blood relationship, as per the prescribed rules of prohibited degrees of relationship, between the bride and groom. There is a fixed sitting place dera for every village in the sabha. The timing and number of days etc. are decided

in a general meeting of the scholars and pandits of Mithila in accordance with the traditional astrological almanac Pachanga. Famous Scholars This district is famous for giving so many philosophers to India. This continues to the present day and there are still lot of scholars of "dwait" & "adwait" school of philosophy. A few of famous scholars of international level from this district in ancient times were( Kalidas, Vachaspati of Thadhi, Vidyapati, Vachaspati of Samaul) : 1. Mahkavi Kalidas( Near Benipatti working at Damodarpur Gurukul who had light of knowledge by Devi of Uchhitha)-time of Kalidasa extends between the 4th to 5th century AD thogh people erraneously say him from Ujjain. Reference- MITHILA, THE NATIVE PLACE OF KALIDASA www.bihartimes.com/Newsbihar/.../Newsbihar11Nov1.html 2. Vachaspati Mishra of Thadhi of 9th century whose Bhamati Teeka is famous book on Bhavadwait 3. Mahakavi Vidyapati (1360-1550 around) said to be born at Bisfi and 4. Vachaspati Mishra of Samaul (15th century) said to be the greatest scholar, India ever produced, who wrote following 41 books He had written following 41 books(10 on Darshan and 31 on Smriti and): 10 on Darshan: 1. Nyay Tatwa Lok 2. Nyay Sutroddhar 3. Nyay Ratnaprakash 4. Prtyaksha Nirnay 5. Shabd Nirnay 6. Anuman Nirnay 7. Khandanoddhar 8. Tika on Gangeshas Tatw Chintamani 9. Tika on Anuman Khand 10. Tika on Nyay -Chintamani Prakash Shabd Khandan 31 on Smriti: 1. Kritya Chintamani 2.Shudhhi Chintamani 3. Tirth Chintamani 4. Achar Chintamani 5. Anhik Chintamani 6. Dwait Chintamani 7.Neeti Chintamani( Maybe with Lootan Jha of Navtol but No manuscript found but referred in Vivad Chintamani) 8.Vivad Chintamani 9. Vyavhar Chintamani 10. Shudrachar Chintamani 11.Shraddha Chintamani 12. Tithi Chintamani 13. Dwait Nirnay 14. Mahadan Nirnay 15. Vivad Nirnay 16. Shuddhi Nirnay 17. Kritya Maharnav 18. Gaya Shraddha paddhati 19. Chandan Dhenu Praman 20. Dattak Vidhi or Dattak Putreshti Yajna Vidhi 21. Chhatra Yogo Dhut Doshanti Vidhi 22. Shraddha Vidhi 23. Gaya Pattalak 24. Tirth Kalplata 25. Tirthlata 26. Shraddhakalp 27. Kritya Paradeep 28. Sar Sangrah 29. Pritibhakti Taringini ? 30. Vrat Nirnaya k Purvardh ?? 31. Dr. Jaikant Mishra - "History of Maithili Literature" Dr. Amarnath Jha - English Literature and university administration Madhubani Madhubani is a town and a municipality in Madhubani district in the Indian state of Bihar. It is the district headquarters. It lies 26km northeast of Darbhanga town and was part of the erstwhile 'Bettiah Raj'. Internal disputes and family quarrels divided the Bettiah Raj in course of time. The Madhuban Raj in Madhubani was created as a consequence.[1] The word "Madhuban" means "forest of honey" from which Madhubani is derived, but sometimes it is

also known as "madhu"+"vaani", meaning "sweet" "voice/language".[2] Madhubani is the cultural heart of Mithilanchal, being the birthplace of many literary people and home to Madhubani Paintings. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 Demographics * 3 Language and Culture * 4 Rivers Geography Madhubani Town is located at 2622N 8605E / 26.37N 86.08E / 26.37; 86.08[3]. It has an average elevation of 56 metres (183 feet). * o + Block of Madhubani District total 21 Sourse *** 1. Madhubani Sadar (Known As Rahika) 2. Pandaul 3. Bisfi 4. Jayanagar 5. Ladaniya 6. Lukha 7. Janjharpur 8. Benipatti 9. Rajnagar- known for the ruins of Navlakha Palace of the Maharaja of Darbhanga. 10. Andhra Thadi 11. Babubarahi 12. Khutauna 13. Madhepur 14. Lakhanaur 15. Khajauli 16. Basopatti 17. Phulparas 18. Ghoghardiha 19. Laukahi 20. Madhwapur 21. Rahika 22. LOHA Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[4], Madhubani Town had a population of 66,285. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Madhubani Town has an average literacy rate of 60%, just above the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 67%, and female literacy is 53%. In Madhubani Town, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age. In earlier times[when?] there was a landlord named Babu who was the owner of all of the estate of Babubarahi. Consequently, it is now known as Babu Barahi.

Language and Culture * Maithili, Hindi, English and Urdu Rivers * Kosi River approximately forms the eastern boundary. * Kaml-baln runs from Jayanagar town in the north to Kosi in the south-east corner of the district. * Bhutahi-baln is a minor river in the east which swells enormously in rainy seasons. * Adhwr or little Bghmati, in the west of the district, is a group of many small rivers which fall into the Kareh or Main Bghmati. * There are many old courses of the Kaml which swell in rainy seasons. All these rivers ultimately fall into the Kosi which then falls into the Ganges. Balat The village of Balat is situated around 10 km from District Madhubani in India.. The Old name of "Balat" was Balaha ghaat. Ghoghardiha Ghoghardiha is a city and a notified area in Madhubani district in the state of Bihar, India. Demographics Ghoghardiha had a population of 14,523. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Ghoghardiha has an average literacy rate of 43%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 53%, and female literacy is 33%. In Ghoghardiha, 18% of the population is under 6 years of age. Jainagar Jainagar (also spelt Jaynagar) is a city and a notified area in Madhubani district in the Indian state of Bihar. It is situated on the holy river Kamla. Jaynagr is now well connected broad gauge railway system with the major cities of India. NH 104 and NH 105 is connected with Jaynagar, so it hase well transport facilities. The local language is Maithali. Jainagar is Border area, Nepal is situated just 3 km away from it. There is also railway line to Nepal, which is now in very bad condition. There are so many temples in Jainagar, out of which two are most famous which are 1.Durga mandir-it is 105 ft high and situated 2 km away from railway station. 2.Shilanath-it is famous for lord Shiva. It is situated 4 km away from railway station near DV College. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 Demographics * 3 Culture Geography Jainagar is located at 263500N 860900E / 26.5833333N 86.15E / 26.5833333; 86.15 It has an average elevation of 79 metres (259 feet). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Jainagar had a population of 29487. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Jainagar has an average literacy rate of 58%, lower

than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 67%, and female literacy is 48%. In Jainagar, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age. Culture Jainagar celebrates many festivals with joy and enthusiasm throughout the year. One of the main festivals celebrated here is Chhath, five days after Deepawali. We start by celebrating Makar Sankranti (Kichdi) on 14 January, Saraswati Puja (with grand statues), Holi (all colourful), Ram Navami, Raksha Bandhan (between brothers and sisters), wonderful Durga Puja, Diwali, and Chhath. We also celebrate Eid and Muharram with great joy and happiness. Jhanjharpur Jhanjharpur is head-quarters of a sub-division in the Madhubani district of the state of Bihar, India. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 Economy o 2.1 Agriculture o 2.2 Markets * 3 Headline text * 4 Culture o 4.1 Religion o 4.2 Mithila Painting Geography Jhanjharpur is located on the bank of the Kamala River. The river is formed from the confluence of two separate rivers, the Kamla and the Balan, and is prone to flooding each year, around July. The bridge over the river was constructed by the British before India's independence. The rail and road bridge over the Kamala River river in Jhanjharpur Economy Agriculture Major crops grown in the area include rice, wheat, potatoes, paan, peas, mustard, onions, and sugar cane. Makhana is a popular food in the area, and there is some commercial growing in Jhanjharpur. Most of the local supplies of vegetables are locally grown. Markets Jhanjharpur's two main markets, 4 km apart, are the Jhanjharpur (R.S.) Market, also known as the New Market, and Jhanjharpur Purani Bazar. Other than those two, the villages in the area hold local weekly markets. jhanjharpur has a huge market for medicines in r.s region,even main market of medicine in madhubani is jhanjharpur.Main stockists are Headline text There are approx.30 medicine counters which provide a huge range of medicine market in locality and surrounding districts. Culture

Religion A sample of Madhubani Painting. Indra Puja and Durga Puja are the main festivals celebrated annually in Jhanjharpur. The Indra Puja festival is celebrated in the town and takes place over 10 days, during with the Lord Indra is worshiped, in a diverse cultural program. Durga Puja is mainly celebrated in the villages that make up the Jhanjharpur sub-district, as are other festivals, including Saraswati Puja and Chhath Puja. The village of Pachahi is home to the temple of Maa Chamunda. Mithila Painting Mithila, or Madhubani painting, which originated in the Mithila region, is a popular art form in the area, with Kameshawar Thakur of Raiyam Kothiya being a noted exponent of the art. The style is named after Mithila, the homeland of the goddess Sita, and represents high moral values. Mithila Painting is very famous among the fashion designing. Student can know much about Mithila Painting from J D Institute of Fashion Technology. National institute of Fashion designing and more other institute. Mithila Kohbar's Painting is very famous and attractive. Samastipur district Samastipur is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar in India. The district headquarters are located at Samastipur. The district occupies an area of 2904 km and has a population of 27,16,929 (as of 2001 Census). Contents * 1 Geography * 2 Rivers * 3 History * 4 Temples * 5 Leaders * 6 Industries * 7 Agriculture * 8 Education * 9 See also * 10 External links * 11 References Geography Samastipur is a district in Bihar which is spread over an area of 2904 km2. Samastipur is bounded on the north by the Bagmati River which separates it from Darbhanga district. On the west it is bordered by Vaishali and some part of Muzaffarpur district, on the south by the Ganges, while on its east it has Begusarai and some part of Khagaria district. The district headquarters is located at Samastipur. Sub Divisions: Dalsinghsarai, Patori, Rosera, Samastipur Sadar

Blocks: Jitwarpur, Kalyanpur, Warisnagar, Rosara, Tajpur, Morwa, Patori, Sarairanjan, Pusa, Ujiyarpur, Dalsinghsarai, Singhia, Hasanpur, Mohiuddinnagar, Bibhutipur, Bithan, Shivajinagar, Vidyapatinagar, Khanpur, Mohanpur Institutes:Pusa Agricultural University, Nagarjun Institute of management & Technology Kasipur, J.N.V. Birauli Agriculture: Paddy, Maize, Tobacco Industry: Sugar factories, Paper mill, Jute mill (Muktapur) Rivers: Budhi Gandak, Kamala Balaan, Ganga touching the south of district. Rivers Samastipur is traversed by a number of rivers including Burhi Gandak, Baya, Kosi, Kamla, Kareh and Jhamwari and Balan, which are both the offshoots of Burhi Gandak. The Ganges also skirts the district on the south. History As per district Gazetteers, Darbhanga, pages 33 to 34 Darbhanga under the Oinwaras (13251525 AD), After a temporary period of instability, Darbhanga came under the control of the Oinwaras, also known as the Kameshwara Thakur or Sugauna Dynasty. These Hindu Chiefs were left undisturbed by the Muslim conquerors, who has by now conquered the whole of Mithila and whose exploits are indicated. The Oinwara Dynasty is noted for their encouragement of leaning and fine arts and their court served as the centre of Sanskrit belle's letters and philosophy. Among the prominent scholars of age were Gadadhara, Sankara, Vachaspati Mishra, Vidyapati, Amartakara and Amiykara. Kameshwara, the founder of dynasty, was resident of village Oini, near Pusa Road, in the District of Darbhanga. When Hazi Ilyas of Bengal divided Torhut into two parts, the Oinwara Raja shifted his Capital to Sugauna near Madhubani. The southern part of the district was under Hazi Ilyas and the northern part under the Oinwaras. The modern subdivision of Samastipur (originally Shamsuddinpur) was founded by Hazi Shamsuddin Ilyas of West Bengal. Temples Thaneshwar Temple is a very famous tample of Lord Shiva, and is situated at the heart of the city. Other new temples are also popping up. There are numerous other temples as well. A very famous temple 'KHUDNESHWAR STHAN' is also there situated in the village MORWA (RAYTOL). Durga temple in Kessopatti is one of the oldest temple. Every year on the eve of Durga Puja pilgrims come for worship. VIDYAPATI BALESHWAR Sthan (Shiva Temple) is one of the famous temaple at Vidyapatinagar. Vidyapatinagar is known as the Nirvana sthali of the great Saint & Poet Vidyapati. KHUDNESWAR SIVA Temple located 17 km form Samastipur near Morwa block is unique example of Hindu-Muslim unity. In side the temple within a distance of few meters there is majar of Khudno Bibi along with Sivling. Temple is presently under renovation by local society members. During Mahasivratri festival religious crowd from all corners of district are visiting this place for the prayer.famous kali temple in samastipur district situated in hrail village in mohiuddinnagar blockk.just besides of babu nathuni singh house.

Leaders There were several well known leaders from Samastipur district. It has produced Freedom Fighters and Political leaders, who have occupied ministerial posts in the Government of India. The first among them was Shri Satya Narayan Sinha, freedom fighter and a prominent member of Indian National Congress, who was accommodated by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru in his first cabinet. Satyanarian Sinha, who was elected to the Indian Parliament four times (1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th Lok Sabha) also served as a governor. Baliram Bhagat became a cabinet minister in the Indian government later, and also served as speaker. Karpuri Thakur, a socialist leader of National stature became Chief Minister of Bihar twice, first in 1967 and then in 1977. He was resident of a village later named in his memory as Karpuri Gram. Syed Shah Nawaz Hussain also belongs to Nathudwar or Buzurg Dwar (Khanpur), Samastipur. Syed Zafir Haider was a freedom fighter & a great socialist leader belonging to Buzurg dwar {Khanpur} & his elder son Syeed Shabbir Haider is a famous social worker & senior LJP leader is also from Buzurg dwar. Shri Anugrah Narayan Singh(Not to be confused with Bihar Vibhuti Dr Anugrah Narayan Sinha,state's first Deputy Chief Minister) a great Congress leader also served as an education minister of Bihar during congress region from Samastipur district. Pandit Yamuna Karjee, who was one of the pillars of Kisan Movement was from Deopar village in Pusa, Samastipur.harail village in samastipur district gives numbersof freedom fighter during freedom movement.Shri Rajendra Narayan Sharma is also one of the known personalities of samastipur (vill-Bhore Jairam). He is a freedom fighter and one of the companions of Late Karpuri Thakur. One of the most important leader which name was Late Dr. D.N.Jha.which gave the contribution in Samstipur.Dr.D.N. Jha was the freedom fighter of Bihar. 1952-57 member of Bihar assembly & he contributed in the Bihar Homeo Science, Patna. Industries Samastipur also holds Railway sub division of East Central Railway. There are several small industries which includes Sugar Mill, Paper Mill, Jute Mill and Railway Factory. Agriculture Samastipur is rich in agriculture, because of its fertile plain. Tobacco, maize, rice and wheat are the main crops. Leechi and mango fruits are grown in abundance.There is a jute mill in Samsastipur at Muktapur Village. This is very famous jute mill, employing around 5000 people. Kessopati is one of the best farm villages. Samastipur is major producer of potatoes. There are more than 20 cold storages in the district, all storing potatoes and total capacity is 650000 quintles. Samastipur has also in race of consuming fertilizers. Education The district has good education facilities. It has some reputed institutions such as Samastipur College, BRB College, RNR College. St. Kabir College. S M R C K college. The district also boasts of a very reputed Agricultural College in Pusa, well known as Rajendra Agricultural University Pusa.

Samastipur (Hindi:

) is a city and a municipality in Samastipur district in the

Indian state of Bihar. It is headquarters of the Samastipur district. It is situated on the banks of Budhi Gandak and Ganges River. Contents * 1 Demographics * 2 Important personalities * 3 Economy * 4 Culture * 5 Education * 6 Famous Places: * 7 Vidyapatinagar * 8 Pusa * 9 Mahamada * 10 Basuari * 11 Kariyan o 11.1 Malinagar o 11.2 Deopar o 11.3 Mangalgarh o 11.4 Jageshwar Asthan o 11.5 Musrigharari o 11.6 Dalsingsarai o 11.7 Bathua Buzurg o 11.8 Gorgama * 12 Places of Entertainment * 13 Transport Demographics As of 2001[update] census,[1] Samastipur had a population of 55,590. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Samastipur has an average literacy rate of 74%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 78%, and female literacy is 66%. In Samastipur, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age. Important personalities Samastipur was the birth place of the famous Kisan leader and freedom fighter Pandit Yamuna Karjee. He was a resident of Pusa, Samastipur and was associated with Swami Sahajanand Saraswati in the Kisan Movement during the freedom struggle. There were several well known leaders from Samastipur district after the independence who had occupied ministerial post in the Government of India. Among them includes Baliram Bhagat and Karpuri Thakur, a product of the 70's JP Movement who later rose to become the Chief Minister of Bihar. He was also resident of Samastipur district. His native place is Karpuri Gram, earlier known as Pitaunjhia. Some other known personalities from Samastipur are Vidyapati, Udayanacharya, Bihar Kokila singer Padmashri Sharda Sinha and Shri Nand Kishore Sharma[Advocate and Communist Leader]. Ramnath Thakur (son of Karpuri

Thakur) is land revenue minister in Bihar government. The district of Samastipur also happens to be the birthplace of great educationist and visionary Shri Ram Avtar Sharma who ignited the flame of education in the entire region and groomed principled personalities like Dr. C.P Thakur, Shri Raghunath Pandey, Shri Manjay Lal, Shri Ram Vilas Mishra - cabinet minister 1992 to 1996 Government Of Bihar, resident Of Tiswara Bajitpur (Bhagwatpur). Shabbir Haider {Buzurgdwar} is a famous social worker & a well known personality of Samastipur district.The District of Samastipur also has the historical privilege of being the work place of great gandhian and social reformer Vinoba Bhave.One of the most important leaders was 'Late Dr. D.N.Jha', who was the freedom fighter of Bihar,member of Bihar assembly from 1952 to 1957 and also contributed to the Bihar Homeo Science, Patna. Economy Samastipur is an administrative centre for the East Central Railway headed by Divisional Railway Manager Shri Satya Prakash Trivedi. [2]. There are several industries and small scale industries which include a sugar factory, paper mill, jute mill (Rameshwar jute mill, Muktapur) and railway factory (Wagon wheel factory). There are two sugar factories in Samastipur, one in town near Magardahi ghat and the second one in Hasanpur. Samastipur plays a major role in spice production. Samastipur is rich in agriculture because of its fertile plain. Tobacco, chilli, turmeric, beetle leaf (Paan), maize, rice and wheat are the main crops. Leechi and mango fruits are grown in abundance. Culture The main festivals of the district are Chatth, Durga Pooja, Deepavali, Saraswati Pooja, Hanuman Jayanti, Eid, and Mohrram. The Kali Mandi near river, Thaneshwar temple is a very famous temple dedicated to Lord Shiva, and is situated at the heart of the city. Samastipur has the Khudni Bibi's Makbara, which is a symbol of Hindu-Muslim unity. This Makbara is situated inside the temple of Shiva near the Morba Village. Hindu as well as Muslims treat this place as very holy place. Another temple is the Khatu Shyam Bihari temple near Gola Road. Thaneshwar temple is situated in the heart of the town. Its name is derived from the Thana (police station) and ishwar (God) i.e. Thaneshwar Mandir. It consists Shiv Mandir, Ram Mandir, Ganesh Mandir, Hanuman Mandir, Shani Mandir and Kali Mandir. This temple is also used for marriage purposes. Another place for worship is Mannipur which is near Jitwarpur. This place is famous for Durga Mata and their blessings. Rewari which is 16 km (9.9 mi) East from Samastipur dedicated to Shiva, Parvati, Ganeshji, Nandi and Thakurji Education Education facilities in the district are not that advanced. There are a few colleges, such as Samastipur College(P.G College), Women's College, R. N. A. R College, S.M.R.C.K college, B.R.B College and St. Kabir College. Among Schools, there is three Central Government School under the Ministry of Human Resource Development (India) in

Samastipur 1. Kendriya Vidyalaya, Jitwrpur,Samastipue 2. Kendriya Vidyalaya, Pusa. It is among one of the 1073 Kendriya Vidyalaya Schools all over the world. There are 1070 Kendriya Vidyalaya's in India and four Kendriya Vidyalayas outside India are in Kathmandu, Moscow, Tehran, and Kuwait. 3. Jawaher Navodaya Vidyalaya,Birauli,Samastipur. 2nd Jawaher Navodaya Vidyalaya, Tajpur(purposed) coming soon. this is largest chain of co-educational with fully residential organization by Gov. of India(Min. of HRD). Also There are several Public Convent schools running in Samastipur which follow CBSE curriculum, St.Paul Senior Secondary School, Central Public School, Holy Mission, Sacred Heart, DAV public school,to name a few. There are also state government authorized schools which follows the state curriculum,such as Tirhut Academy, K.E Inter and Girls high school. This district is also famous for a very reputed Agricultural University in Pusa, called Rajendra Agricultural University.[3] Famous Places: Vidyapatinagar Vidyapatinaga, situated in Dalsinghsarai block near the bank of River Ganges, is named after the most revered Maithili poet Vidyapati. It is believed to be the place where the poet breathed his last in search of Lord Shiva. As the myth goes, Lord Shiva was associated with him since long in the guise of his servant named Ugna. It is said that he wanted to breath his last at the banks of Ganges and was travelling towards it. But due to his failing health, he was not able to reach the banks of Ganges and so the river changed its course to reach him. Pusa Pusa block is world famous for Rajendra Agriculture University. PUSA is named after Mr. Henry Phipps from the USA who donated the money to establish agricultural research institute. Pusa also has Indian agriculture research institute and sugar cane institute. Pusa was also the residence of Pandit Yamuna Karjee, the famous freedom fighter and Kisan leader. A number of educational institutes are situated in Pusa including Rajendra Agriculture University, Central school, Rohit of campus public school, Rajendra Shishu Sadan, Government high school, Uma Pandey College, Brahm Dev Ray College, Girls high school, Green Wood public school, Green Valley school etc.There is a Show room for Bata Near Bose Company Chowk,There is a computer Educational is here.There is a cienma therater Baldav Takies.There is famous sweet shop Maa Janki Mistan Bhandar,Pusa Bazar.There is famous Newspaper shop Chatra Book Stores Near Hatthi chowk.There is famous cycle stores Mohan Cycles Near Hatthi Chowk estbilised 1974.There is famous Automobiles shop which name is Chisty Automobiles for all kinds of Motor parts Near Saidpur Chowk.There is Rural Institute of Higher Studies, Birauli , famous for producing great personalities. Mahamada Arguably, the most famous village of Samastipur district.It is a big village having 22 'Tolas'. It is situated on the bank of river 'Budhi Gandak'.People from all castes and religions live peacefully in the village. It was famous for its landlords in colonial era. It had a famous garden(known as 'Phulwari'). People from distant places used to come and visit the famous garden. The village has high

literacy rate. The village has produced a large number of freedom fighters,engineers,doctors,army personnel(Officers,JCOs,ORs),educationalists,public servants,political leaders and personality from all sorts of life. Most recently, the brave son of the village Late Lieutenant Amit Prasad Singh sacrificed his life in the war of Kargil fighting against enemies. It is one of the most developed and progressive village in Samastipur district and Bihar. The village is well connected through roads from all important cities in the state. The village has all modern facilities like a petrol pump(aside of CHAUDHARY TOLA), LPG agency, cold storage facility, drinking water supply facility, bank, post office, automobile showrooms, schools, library, hospital, cinema hall etc. It is one of the most beautiful village of Samastipur district in Bihar. Basuari Basuari is also locally known as engineers village for producing significant number of engineers. It is about 1 km from Pusa and 21 km from district headquarter. Basuari was the residence of Shiv Shankar Thakur, K P Thakur, superintending engineer Shashi Bhushan Sharma & social worker Mani Bhushan Sharma. Kariyan About 16 km northeast of the Rosera ghat railway station of the East Central Railway the modern village of Karian is situated on a mound, 20 ft (6.1 m) high from the surrounding ground level and about 96 acres (390,000 m2) in area. Local traditions associate this village to be the birthplace of Udayanacharya, a Maithil Brahmin and great philosopher of ancient times who is also supposed to be an incarnation of Lord Vishnu. Extensive excavations in this village has revealed antiques of as far back as 2nd century BC and afterward from 6th century AD to post 1200 AD. This village is the birthplace of philosopher and scholar Udayana alias Udayanacharya. Malinagar The village, situated about 35 km southwest of Laheriasarai of Darbhanga district, contains an old Shiva temple that was built in 1844. A fair is held here every year on the eve of Ramnavami. Malinagar is the birth place of famous novelist Babu Devki Nandan Khatri and eminent educationist and scholar Dr. Ram Surat Thakur. Deopar Deopar village is situated right next to the PUSA Agriculture University and is about 30 km from Muzaffarpur. Deopar is the birthplace of the famous freedom fighter from Bihar Pandit Yamuna Karjee.Deopar is full name Mohammadpur Deopar. There is near a mosque and a Mazar (Baba Lodi Peer)is the famous palace in Mohammad pur deopar. Mohd Raquiazzama (Mohd Mohan Babu)and Mohd Sohaib are living in the village.Sadab Ashrafi,Tariq Ashrafi,Aquib Ashrafi is living in mohammad pur deopar.There is live only person an educated.There is near IARI, PUSA.Four Man is worked in Indian Agriculture Research Insititute. The village is very powerful in education.Five man are working in gulf,which name is Mohd Arif (Accountant),Mohd Rafi Ahmed

(Electrican),Mohd Javed (Air Condition Tech.),Samsad parvez (Electrican),Mohd Raju (A/c Tech.). Mangalgarh It is situated at a distance of 14 km from Hasanpur block of Samastipur near Dudhpura. Dudhpura is the nickname of ancient Budhpura, named after Lord Buddha who preached Buddhism there. He stayed there at the request of King Mangaldeo. Remains of his fort have been discovered here. Jageshwar Asthan It is an old Shiva temple in Bibhutipur village situated about 15 km from Narhan Railway station. There is also a magnificent old building of Narhan Estate, which has been very prominent in this area since the Mughal period. One Jageshwari Devi, daughter of Bhaw Mishra, the Vaidya of Narhan Estate, as it is said, constructed the tem Musrigharari It is situated 8 km from Samastipur main town on NH 28. This place is very famous for its Muharram and Durga Puja celebration & sadar bazar is the finest market. Musrigharari is also known as junction between Patori, Tajpur, Barauni, Samastipur, Patna, Bhagalpur, to Bengal, Jharkhand, North Eastern States etc. Dalsingsarai Dalsingsarai is a sub-division of Samastipur district, connected by NH-28 (GuwahatiRaxaul) & main railway line East Central Railway (Barauni-Samastipur) passing through town. The sweet dish called Raskadam is popular in Dalsinghsarai. Historic village Pand Deeh is situated here. there is a village named jalalpur about 3 kms from the station. Bathua Buzurg It is situated at a distance of about 3 km from Musrigharari main market beside NH 28 on NH 103. Bathua Buzurg is rich in agriculture because of its fertile plain. Tobacco, maize, rice, pulses and wheat are the main crops. Dihwarnisthan is the famous mandir (temple) with great religious belief. It is the open pind i.e. made up of soil the open temple.It is said all wish are fulfilled here. Famous personalities Dr Sudarshan Prasad Singh, Scientist and ex Vice Chancellor of Patna University and Bhagalpur University (now Tilkamanjhi University), Bihar. Mr. Vishwanath Prasad Singh is the head of village from last 36 years with full support of villagers. Mukund Pd Singh has got many prizes in writing hand-written records for Cricket and Bollywood. Gorgama It is situated on the bank of river Baya near Sahpur Patory. This village is known for rich agriculture. Toabaco, wheat, pulse and maize is the main crop yielded here.Gorgama is birth place of Late Nand Kishore Sharma, famous advocate and communist leader. HANDS Foundation's founder(Vidhu Ranjan Gopal) also belong to this village. Vidhu Ranjan is youngest son of Late N K Sharma and Late Maheshwari Devi. Places of Entertainment

Samastipur has a number of cinema theaters - the Anuroop Talkies, Bhola Talkies, the Laxmi Talkies and the Durga Talkies. A lot of Concerts and Co-curricular activities are organized by different theaterical clubs occasionally. Transport Samastipur is well connected place by trains and buses. This is about 90 km from Patna. This place is well connected to New Delhi and Howrah,Bombay,and all over India by trains. The nearest airport is Patna. Dalsinghsarai Dalsinghsarai is a city and a notified area in Samastipur district in the state of Bihar, India. Contents * 1 Demographics * 2 Railways * 3 Roadways * 4 Crops * 5 Temples * 6 Schools * 7 College * 8 Famous * 9 Places of Interest * 10 History * 11 Leaders Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Dalsinghsarai had a population of 20,181. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Dalsinghsarai has an average literacy rate of 60%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 69% and, female literacy is 51%. In Dalsinghsarai, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age. Railways Dalsingsarai is Bihar's first railway station and well connected to the Broad gauge line in East Central division of Indian Railways. The name of the station is Dalsingsarai. The area being a cash crop and vegetable rich, the railway is the important means of transporting the cash crops to the different parts of country. Roadways Dalsingsarai is well connected by road. This town is situated on National Highway No.-28, which links Barauni (Bihar) to the capital city of Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, via Gorakhpur. Crops The soil of Dalsingsarai is rich alluvial and is excellent for rabi crops. The place is known for its cash cropstobacco, rice (paddy), wheat, chillies, pulses and vegetables. Once this place was famous for production of red and green chillies in North India. Due to the huge production of best quality tobacco here, During the British rule, the Virginia tobacco company established a cigarette factory here,which has closed down post Independence of India,due to some labour problem.

The richness and fertility of the land of Dalsinghsarai made the are stand in the league of lychee growing area, at par with areas like Muzaffarpur and Dehradun. Dalsinghsarai Mandi Dalsinghsarai is a very prominent mandi in the district because of its locational advantage (located along NH-28) and having presence of highly fertile villages in its catchment. The major arrivals in this mandi include Bitter Gourd, Pointed Gourd, Cauliflower, Brinjal, Cucumber, Tomato, Potato, Peas and Okra. Among the fruits, Mango and Litchi are the most prominent. The major villages in the catchment of this mandi include Basaria, Madhaipur, Mirjapur, Nargaon, Vajitpur and Malpur. Villages located in 20 km radius of this mandi feed it round the year. The Dalsinghsarai APMC mandi located 3 km from the existing mandi can be considered for the collection center. This market yard is located over 19 acres of land and has three open auction platforms, three godowns and one administrative block. Temples Mahavir Temple is a very famous temple of Lord Hanuman, and is situated at the heart of the city. Some other famous temples including Red Temple, Old Temple and Lord Ram Temple are also there situated in the village of Keowta, which shows legend of Dalsinghsarai. One of the oldest temples is Kalisthan in Pagra village, Kalisthan at Gunj.Vidyapati Dham is one of the famous temples in Bihar.This temple was constructed by Babu Baleshwar Prasad choudhary,in remembrance of a great and famous scholar and poet vidyapati.Another very famous temple is brahmasthan situated near kanti factory just near the home of late pashupati babu home.There are lot of stories spread all over town and among villagers as well, regarding miracles of "brahma baba dev".so each and every day many devoties come regularly to pray.People say watever u pray brahma baba come to fulfill. Schools Dalsinghsarai is the centre of education: Government schools * C.H. School * Rashtriya High School * Girls High School CBSE affiliated school * St.Joseph's Public School (up to +2) and B.ed Other private schools * Sharda Gyan Niketan * Success Mission School * Bal Sainik Vidyalaya * Saraswati Shishu Mandir * Residential Saraswati Siksha Sadan * Aryabhatt Public School College There are only two colleges in Dalsinghsarai; Ramashray Baleshwar College(R.B. College) and St Joseph Mishri Singh Vishwamohinee Memorial Teachers' training college. There is another Industrial Training Institute being established.

Famous The most Significant place to have cognizance of, while one visits the area is the ongoing excavation site situated at Pardh. The site extend to 200 acres (0.81 km2), and as the carbon dating goes on to show, the site is aged old having its existence recorded from late stone age till the Kushan era. the excavation process is undertaken by the Kashi Prasad Jayaswal Research Institute, Patna. Raskadam of CHAMAN LAL SAH is most famous sweet of Dalsingsarai.This shop is situated in front of No.32 Railway crossing. Other things famous about the town is the lychee cultivation, its Gothic residential buildings of Landlord family of Babu Ramashray Prashad Choudhary and Baleshwar Prashad Choudhary.Nayak Family is one the family belonging to the King ruled once, only the asset left is Santi Nayak Mahal, situated on Shanti Nayak Road. Some of the fame of Dalsinghsarai are Mr. Anil Singh, Choudhary Kandan, Mr. Shambhu Nayak, Mr. Parush Babu ( King Belonging Family Member, Pankaj (Chartered Accountant From Ajnaul Dih), Radha Raman Thakur, Hira Nand Jha, Pawan Kumar Thakur, Hirish Chandar Jha, Santosh Kumar Jha, Yogendra Prasad (Dalsing sarai ExParty President of BJP, CFM-R1 Sahara India)...etc. Places of Interest Vidyapatinagar: The place, situated on bank of River Ganges, 10 km from Dalsingsarai. It is named after the most revered Maithili poet Vidyapati. It is believed to be the place where the renowned Poet breathed his last in search of Lord Shiva. As the myth goes, Lord Shiva was associated with him since long in the guise of his servant named Ugna. It is said that he wanted to breath his last at the banks of Ganges and was travelling towards it. But due to his failing health, he was not able to reach the banks of Ganges and so the river changed its course to reach him. There is a big old temple of Lord Shiva known as Vidyapati Dham . A big fair is held on the occasion of Basant Panchami. Jageshwar Asthan: It is an old Shiva temple in Narhan Estate situated about about 15 km from Dalsingsarai. Legend has it that one Smt. Jageshwari Devi, daughter of Bhaw Mishra, the Vaidya of Narhan Estate, constructed the temple hence the name. There is a magnificent old Building of Narhan Estate, which has been very prominent in this area since the Mughal period. Pand Deeh It is said the during their exile the Pandavas rested for few days in this village. The is one grand Shiva temple. Currently a team of ASI is doing excavation there. Some earthen ware of Gupta perion have been excavated. Cigratte factory The Cigratte factory of Dalsinghsarai is one of the oldest prove of British emperor in the city. It was built in approx of 1912.File:14102008144.JPEG History The construction of the first line of the present North Eastern Railway was from Bazatpur (Dalsinghsarai) on the North bank of the Ganga, to Darbhanga with the name of Tirhut Railway. This 51-mile (82 km) long section was built by Col. F.S. Stanton in a record time of 65 days from the day of its conception for moving grain and cattle fodder to the famine hit populace of Darbhanga area. Though, the first train at Darbhanga on April 15, 1874, the line

was officially opened on April 17, 1874 by the Lt. Governor of Bengal. It was the Bihar's first railway station because of the Cigratte Factory of East India company's by British. Cigratte factory is one of the great asset of the Bihar. It is presentlly owned by the Choudhary family; it was built by British in approx. 1905. Leaders The leadership and the socially reputed personalties of Dalsighsarai have done deeds of great repute, it is as a result of an active leadership, that the area saw peace even during the most criminalized period of Bihar. The area boasts of leaders and people who endowed social responsibility, like Late Babu Ramshray Parasad Choudhary (Ex-Landlord) who gave the town a quality school namely C.H.E. School and with help of Late Babu Baleshwar Choudhary, bestowed the town with quality higher education by establishing R.B. Collage. The present state J.D.U. Party president Mr. Vijay Choudhary also hails from Dalsighsarai. The town has seen and chosen three different leaders as their representative at the state assembly, for the longest time are Shree Yashwant kumar Choudhary (3 times M.L.A) Shree Vijay Choudhary (3 times M.L.A) and Shree Ram Lakhan Mahto (the present M.L.A.). All the three leader have contributed to the growth of the town religiously. Mohiuddinagar Mohiuddinagar is a city and a notified area in Samastipur district in the Indian state of Bihar. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Mohiuddinagar had a population of 13,764. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Mohiuddinagar has an average literacy rate of 44%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 52%, and female literacy is 35%. In Mohiuddinagar, 21% of the population is under 6 years of age. Rosera Rosera is a town (subdivision) and a municipality in Samastipur district in the Indian state of Bihar. Contents * 1 Demographics * 2 History * 3 Connectivity * 4 Business * 5 Education * 6 Culture Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Rosera had a population of 27,494 [2001]. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Rosera has an average literacy rate of 57%: male literacy is 65%, and female literacy is 47%. In Rosera, 18% of the population is under 6 years of age. History Rosera has been the backbone of trade in the region in early part of this century. With river Budhi Gandak, being the route of trade. Rosera is one of the most business hub for lichi,

jewellery, cloths, medicine and agriculture etc.rosera is also known as mini ayodhya. in earlier time rosera is famous for 'kath ka kamandal' and wheel of bulckcart.nowdays rosera is famous for lichi.rosera is the birth place of krishna karak.he was the founder of bachan vansi acharya gadi of kabir followers.so rosera is the pilgrimage of kabirpanthies. some points are given by- shankar singh suman(journalist). Connectivity Rosera is having a good connectivity with other part of state by State Highway 55 & Having Railway station named - Rusera Ghat Railway Station. Business Today Rosera is a major centre for the Market of Sweets, Mobile, clothes and Jewellery which continues expanding. Rosera has a vast variety of businesses in following sector: 1. Clothing - Like Kumar Vastralaya, lakhotia vastralaya, Durga Vastralaya, Kalika Vastralaya, and Ambey Vastralaya to name a few but adding more than 200. 2. best garments-like "chodhary garments, shubham garments, sri ram dresses, navneet vastralay, mahadev garments etc.. 3. Rosera is also hub in Sugar, Rice, maida & E. oil. 4. Carpets :- Once this place has been one of the most famous areas in India to produce Hand-made/ tufted carpets. 5. The town is well equipped with medical stores like Om Medical, Om Drug to name a few. There are good medical facilities in and around including both govt. and private clinics and hospital. However, the private clinics dominate the healthcare industry of Rosera. 6. Agriculture - Rosera is also famous for its very high quality Mangoes and Lichis. Nearby Hasanpur township was once one of the prominent base of sugar mill industry. 7. Jewelery - There are more than 100 jewellery showrooms in the market like DeoRatan Jewellers, RamBilas Thakur, MD Shabbir Ansari jewellery ,Nand lal thakur jewellers Shop etc which keeps expanding in numbers, & is one of the very old & renowned markets. 8. Hospital - There is sub division Govt. Hospital working specially in Medicine, Surgery & Obstetrics/Gynecology. Dr D M Sinha,Other like Health Home is a multi specialty (cardiology, Gastroenterology & Obstetrics/Gynecology), acute care, private hospital equipped with modern facilities, specialized equipment like Endoscopy, Ultrasound, and a team of highly skilled and devoted medical professionals trained with the latest technological advancements under guidance of Dr Satish P Singh. The hospital provides high quality care with a service focus in a professional & caring environment. 9.Electronics : Brother Electronics, Light corner, avinash mobile phones & repairing centre(purani chowk) - All Home appliences available 10.Sweets Shop Most famous one R K Quality Corner Cinema Chauk 11.Book shop Bihari Pustak Bhandar, famous book store near bus stop 12.Cement There are more than 10 cement agencies in the market like Rudraksha Traders, Mahdeo Memraj, Shivam Traders etc. 13.Bank There are more than 5 Nationalised Bank in The market. S.B.I, UCO bank, Central Bank of India, Bank of India. Education

U.R. College is one of the famous colleges in Rosera and nearby local areas. It comes under Lalit Narayan Mithila University in Dharbhanga. The town has many well established schools, some of which are really very modernly designed and have a well maintained infrastructure of which the greatest example is "Sundari Devi Saraswati Vidya Mandir" (established by a Late Doctor from Great Britain). Nevertheless, the town can't forget the contribution of Govt. schools like "Higher Secondary", "Harivansh Narayan Singh High School"B.B.N.High School,, "Sant Kabir School", and even the well fought for school "Girls High School near Gudri Bazaar", which has produced many a well learned, mannered students who are now well established and settled in various fields of life. Progressive central high school is also a newly established school. It is the first school in the Rosera that has been affiliated to CBSE board. It is an hour distance from Rosera new bus stand. Many other school like primary school, middle school, high school, located in Arout,Thahar,Baidyanathpur etc. This town has produced many engineers, doctors,educationists and able administrators.All these fellows have done and are doing meaningful contribution to the Society. Culture Rosera celebrates many festivals with joy and enthusiasm throughout the year. One of the main festivals celebrated here is Chhath, five days after Deepawali. We start by celebrating Makar Sankranti (Kichdi) on 14 January, Saraswati Puja (with grand statues), Holi (all colourful), Ram Navami, Raksha Bandhan (between brothers and sisters), wonderful Durga Puja, Diwali, and Chhath. Rosera represents a multi-cultural society where we also celebrate Eid and Muharram with great joy and happiness. Mahaveer Mandir on a Chowk (called Mahaveer chowk), and Thana Mandir are very famous temples of Lord Hanumaan and Goddess Durga. Eid is celebrated with great fervour in the area. Muslims are seen doing shopping during the last part of the holy month Ramadan. Madhepura district Madhepura district is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar state, India, and Madhepura town is the administrative headquarters of this district. Madhepura district is a part of Kosi division. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 History o 2.1 Mythology o 2.2 Freedom movement o 2.3 Singeshwar temple Geography The district occupies an area of 1787 km and has a population of 1,524,596 (as of 2001). Madhepura district is surrounded by Araria and Supaul district in the north, Khagaria and Bhagalpur district in the south, Purnia district in the east and Saharsa district in the West. It is situated in the Plains of River Koshi and located in the Northeastern part of Bihar at longitude between 25. 34 to 26.07' and latitude between 86 .19' to 87.07'.

The district has 2 sub-divisions - Madhepura and Uda Kishunganj, 13 blocks, 13 police stations, 170 panchayats and 434 revenue villages. The total population of Madhepura, as per census of the year 2001 is 15,24,596 of which 7,96,272 are male and 7,29,324 are female. Literacy rate is 36.9% as against the national rate of 64.8% and state rate of 47%. The density of population is 859 per km2. Madhepura district stands on the heaps of raveges caused by the mythological river Kosi originating at a height of 5400 metres in the Himalayas and crossing Tibbet reaching plains at Chatra in Nepal and in India in the border of Madhubani & Darbhanga and flowing through Supaul & Saharsa negotiates with the Ganges near Kursela covering 254 Kilo Meters. The legend has it that Satyavati, the young sister of Vishwamitra, after being widowed at the demise of her old husband Richik reached heaven and appeared on the earth in the form of struggling and raveging Kosi river, popularly known as the 'sorrow of Bihar'. (Extracted from Shaiv Avdharna Aur Singheshwar Asthan [2] History Being carved out of Saharsa district, Madhepura got the status of revenue district on 9 May 1981. Prior to that Madhepura was a sub-division under Bhagalpur district with effect from 3 September 1845. Subsequently, it was on 1 April 1954 that Saharsa district was carved out of Bhagalpur district. Facing the onslaughts of the Kosi river, the history of Madhepura is replet with tales of owes, sorrow and sufferings. Since time immemorial, it has seen several ups and downs perpetuated by Kosi in the form of flood, famine and drought. Flood and drought have remained the regular feature of the area so much so that the then Government had to shift the Court & the Sub-divisional headquarters from Madhepura to Supaul from 1935 to 1938. There is not any authentic information regarding the origine of Madhepura. Available sources indicate that the name Madhepura was evolved from Gangapur- a village named after Gangadeo, the grand son of King Mithi, who is said to have established state Mithila. It is also said that the village Gangapur was named after King Gangsen of the Sena dynasty. From 1704 A.D. to 1892, the Kosi river with its diverse courses remained striding the areas right from Forbesganj to Chandeli Karamchand and Raghuvansha Nagar & thereafter submerging itself into the Ganges at Kursela. As Madhepura stands at the centre of Kosi ravine, it was called Madhyapura- a place centrally situated which was subsequently transformed as Madhipura into present Madhepura. Another view is also there as to its naming as the area is said to have been inhabited by the bulk of Madhavas - clan of Lord Krishna, it was termed as Madhavpur which gradually became Madhavpur into Madhepura.[3] In ancient times, Madhepura remained a part of Anga Desh. It was also governed by Maurya, Sunga, Kanva and Kushan dynasties. It was a part of Mithila Province during Gupta period. The Mauryan Pillar discovered at Kishunganj bears testimony to it. Madhepura remained under the dominance of Bihar rulers during Rajput rule. Present Raibhir village under Singheshwar block was a stronghold of Bhars. During Mugal period Madhepura remained under Sarkar Tirhut.

Mythology The place has remained the meditation ground of Lord Shiva and other Gods. Sri Hari Shankar Shrivastav 'Salav', a distinguished historian, finds the area of Madhepura part of Singheshwar as the place of adoration and experiment of Vivandak and his son Rishya Shringa. The name of village Satokhar standing on the western embankment of one of the tributaries of Kosi west of Singheshwar at a distance of 5 Kilometers has been derived from Sanskrit word Sapta Pokhar - Seven Ponds, said to have been created 'Yajna Shala' by Rishi Shring for Putreshthi Yajna (Sacrificial ceremony for a son's birth). Rishi Shring at the request of his wife Santa, the adopted daughter of Rompad, agreed and performed the Yajna to precipitate God to bless King Dashratha with sons. Consequently, the wives of Dashratha were impregnated after taking medicated Khir prepared by Rishi Shring and their sons Ram, Laxman, Bharat & Satrughan were born one after the other. The Barah Puran also refers to Singheshwar as Sringeshwar. The area has been identified as Rishi Shring Ashram during Ramayan period, its vicinity being surrounded by jungle inhabited by deer, leopards, bears, etc. King Yudhishthir is said to have visited the place along with Rishi Lomus during Mahabharat period. Sheet and Basant - rulers of Kushan dynasty also inhabited in this area. The fort of Sheet was located at present Kadamma whereas the fort of Basant was located at present Basantpur, a village under Singheshwar block. Ruins & remains of those forts are still visible. Sri Nagar- a village under Ghailarh block recently carved out of Madhepura block situated at a distance of 22 Kilometers west of Madhepura town also present the remains of the two forts of King Sri Deva. Freedom movement In the history of Indian National Congress Madhepura had due prominence, being stronghold during freedom Movement. The delegation led by Babu Rash Bihari Lal Mandal participated in the 25th Session of Indian National Congress at Allahabad in 1910. Prominent leaders of Khaddar Andolan were Jai Narayan Mandal & Raj Kishore Chaudhary. Dr. Rajendra Prasad & Md. Saukat Ali coducted relief works after the earthquake of 1934. The place was also visited by Mahatma Gandhi. During Quit India Movement Late Bhupendra Narayan Mandal had a prominent role and it was under his leadership that a 14 years old boy Hare Krishna Chaudhary unfurled the National Tri-Colour on the Treasury building of Madhepura court on 13 August 1942.Important leaders from past to present include Late Babu Ras Behari Lal Mandal, his sons Babu Bhubneshwari Prasad Mandal, MLC in Bihar -Orissa Legislative Council 1924, Chairman, Local Board Madhepura till death in 1948, Babu Kamleshwari Pradad Mandal, MLC in 1937, jailed along with JP et al at Hazaribagh in 1932, Bindheshwari prasad Mandal, Ex CM Bihar in 1968, Chairman, Backward Classes Commission, Govt of India 1977; Bhupendra Narain Mandal, MP and leader of Socialist Party, Shiv Nandan Prasad Mandal, first Law Minister of Bihar, Kamleshwari Prasad Yadav( of CHATRA), Member of Constituent Assembly, Kirai Mushhar, MP, R. P. Yadav, MP, Dr R K Yadav Ravi, MP, Sharad Yadav, MP, Radhakant Yadav MLA, Bambholi Prasad Mandal, MLA, Ramesh Chandra Yadav Sr Advocate and Cooperative Leader, Dr Arjun

Singh, Cooperative leader, Suresh Chandra Yadav, MLA, Pappu Yadav, MP. Other important persons include Justice Rajeshwar Prasad Mandal, Shashi Nath Rai et al. Singeshwar temple Madhepura is also in the limelight for Singheshwar Temple that the Istha Linga of Lord Shiva established in it. The Barah Puran also refers to Singheshwar as Shringeshwar. Mahakavi Vidyapati also refers to it in his literature in the 14th century. The Valmiki Ramayana gives due reference of Rishi Shring Ashram. Lord Shiva has been imagined to be residing on the bank of his favourite and affectionate river Kosi in the epic Kumar Shambhavam written by Mahakavi Kalidas. As per another belief, Lord Vishnu himself established this linga. The present temple was erected by Kushan dynasty. In early survey, the temple is recorded in the name of one Bhanu Das. They say that a night's stay at Singheswar gives the fruit of the gift of thousand cows. Madhepura is a city and a municipality in Madhepura district in the Indian state of Bihar. Madhepura as it stands now was carved out of Saharsa district and got the status of revenue district on 9 May 1981. Prior to this Madhepura was a sub-division under Bhagalpur district with effect from 3 September 1845. Subsequently, it was on 1 April 1954 that Saharsa district was carved out of Bhagalpur district. Contents * 1 History * 2 Madhepura and River Kosi * 3 Religious connections * 4 Indias freedom struggle against British Raj * 5 Demographics * 6 Villages * 7 Educational institution in Madhepura History The history of Madhepura can be traced back to the reign of Kushan Dynasty of Ancient India. The "Bhant communities living in villages of Basantpur and Raibhir under Shankarpur block are the descendants of the Kushan Dynasty. Madhepura was then part of Maurya Dynasty, a fact asserted by the Mauryan pillar at Uda-kishunganj. The name Madhepura is believed to have evolved from Gangapur- a village named after Gangadeo, the grandson of King Mithi, who is said to have established state Mithila. Gangapur village itself is said to be named after King Gangsen of the Sen Dynasty. From 1704 AD to 1892, the Kosi river with its diverse courses remained striding the areas right from Forbisganj to Chandeli Karamchand and Raghuvansha Nagar & thereafter submerging itself into the Ganges at Kursela. As Madhepura stands at the centre of Kosi ravine, it was called Madhyapura- a place centrally situated which was subsequently transformed as Madhipura into present Madhepura. Another view is also there as to its naming as the area is said to have been inhabited by the bulk of Madhavas - clan of Lord Krishna. It was termed as Madhavpur which gradually became Madhavpur into Madhepura. (Extracted from Brihad Hindi Kosh, 5th Edition, Page- 887). In ancient times, Madhepura remained a part of Anga

Desh. It was also governed by Maurya, Sunga, Kanva and Kushan dynasties. It was a part of Mithila province during Gupta Dynasty. The Mauryan Pillar discovered at Kishunganj bears testimony to it. Madhepura remained under the dominance of Bihar rulers during Rajput rule. Present Raibhir village under Singheshwar block was a stronghold of Bhars. During Mughal period Madhepura remained under Sarkar Tirhut. A mosque of the time of Akbar is still present in Sarsandi village under Uda-Kishunganj. Sikander Sah had also visited the district, which is evident from the coins discovered from Sahugarh village Madhepura and River Kosi As such Madhepura district stands on the heaps of ravages caused by the mythological river Kosi originating at a height of 5400 meters in the Himalayas and crossing Tibet reaching plains at Chatra in Nepal and in India in the border of Madhubani & Darbhanga and flowing through Supaul & Saharsa negotiates with the Ganges near Kursela covering 254 km. The legend has it that Satyavati, the young sister of Vishwamitra, after being widowed at the demise of her old husband Richik reached heaven and appeared on the earth in the form of struggling and ravaging Kosi river, popularly known as the 'sorrow of Bihar'. (Extracted from Shaiv Avdharna Aur Singheshwar Asthan - Written by Harishankar Shrivastava 'Salav' & Dainik Jagran, Bhagalpur, Nagar Sanskaran, dated 30 July 2003). Facing the onslaughts of the Kosi river, the history of Madhepura is replete with tales of owes, sorrow and sufferings. Since time immemorial, it has seen several ups and downs perpetuated by Kosi in the form of flood, famine and drought. Floods and droughts have remained the regular feature of the area so much so that the then Government had to shift the Court & the Sub-divisional headquarters from Madhepura to Supaul from 1935 to 1938. Religious connections The place has remained the meditation ground of Lord Shiva and other Gods. Sri Hari Shankar Shrivastav 'Salav', a distinguished historian, finds the area of Madhepura part of Singheshwar as the place of adoration and experiment of Vivandak and his son Rishya Shringa. The name of village Satokhar standing on the western embankment of one of the tributaries of Kosi west of Singheshwar at a distance of 5 km has been derived from Sanskrit word Sapta Pokhar - Seven Ponds, said to have been created 'Yajna Shala' by Rishi Shring for Putreshthi Yajna (Sacrificial ceremony for a son's birth). Rishi Shring at the request of his wife Santa, the adopted daughter of Rompad, agreed and performed the Yajna to precipitate God to bless King Dashratha with sons. Consequently, the wives of Dashratha were impregnated after taking medicated Khir prepared by Rishi Shring and their sons Ram, Lakshmana, Bharat & Shatrughan were born one after the other. The Bharat Puran also refers to Singheshwar as Sringeshwar. The area has been identified as Rishi Shring Ashram during Ramayana period, its vicinity being surrounded by jungle inhabited by deer, leopards, bears, etc. King Yudhishthir is said to have visited the place along with Rishi Lomus during Mahabharat period. Sheet and Basant both rulers of Kushan dynasty inhabited in this area. The fort of Sheet was located at present Kadamma whereas the fort of Basant was located at present Basantpur, a village under Singheshwar block. Ruins and remains of those forts are still visible. Sri

Nagar- a village under Ghailarh block recently carved out of Madhepura block situated at a distance of 22 kilometres west of Madhepura town also present the remains of the two forts of King Sri Deva. Indias freedom struggle against British Raj In the history of Indian National Congress, Madhepura had due prominence, being stronghold during freedom Movement. The delegation led by Babu Rash Bihari Lal Mandal participated in the 25th Session of Indian National Congress at Allahabad in 1910. Prominent leaders of Khaddar Andolan wereJai Narayan Mandal & Raj Kishore Chaudhary. Dr. Rajendra Prasad, Shahabul Haque.& Md. Saukat Ali conducted relief works after the earthquake of 1934. The place was also visited by Mahatma Gandhi. During Quit India Movement, Bhupendra Narayan Mandal had a prominent role and it was under his leadership that a 14 years old boy Hare Krishna Chaudhary unfurled the national Tri-Colour on the Treasury building of Madhepura court on 13 August 1942. The legend has it that Satyavati, the young sister of Vishwamitra, after being widowed at the demise of her old husband Richik reached heaven and appeared on the earth in the form of struggling and raveging Kosi river, popularly known as the 'sorrow of Bihar'. (Extracted from Shaiv Avdharna Aur Singheshwar Asthan - Written by Harishankar Shrivastava 'Salav' & Dainik Jagran, Bhagalpur, Nagar Sanskaran, dated 30 July 2003). Important leaders from past to present include Late Babu Ras Behari Lal Mandal, his sons Babu Bhubneshwari Prasad Mandal, MLC in Bihar -Orissa Legislative Council 1924, Chairman, Local Board Madhepura till death in 1948, Babu Kamleshwari Pradad Mandal, MLC in 1937, jailed along with JP et al at Hazaribagh in 1932, Bindheshwari prasad Mandal, Ex CM Bihar in 1968, Chairman, Backward Classes Commission, Govt of India 1977; Bhupendra Narain Mandal, MP and leader of Socialist Party, Shiv Nandan Prasad Mandal, first Law Minister of Bihar, Kamleshwari Prasad Yadav( of CHATRA), Member of Constituent Assembly, Kirai Mushhar, MP, R. P. Yadav, MP, Dr R K Yadav Ravi, MP, Sharad Yadav, MP, Radhakant Yadav MLA, Bambholi Prasad Mandal, MLA, Ramesh Chandra Yadav Sr Advocate and Cooperative Leader, Dr Arjun Singh, Cooperative leader, Suresh Chandra Yadav, MLA, Pappu Yadav, MP. Other important persons include Justice Rajeshwar Prasad Mandal, Dr.Gagadhar Prasad, Shashi Nath Rai et al,(Shahabul Haque, Ataul Rahman, Asad Ali, Saddam at Yogiraj],Dr.Kumar Kishore Mandal,Dr.Kaushal Kishore Mandal Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Madhepura had a population of 45,015. Males constitute 55% of the population and females 45%. Madhepura has an average literacy rate of 62%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 71%, and female literacy is 51%. In Madhepura, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age. Villages Anandpura, Uda, bishariya, nemuaa, Nohar,Sakarpura, Raibhir, Turkahi, Mahua, Dighra, Khopaity, Sukhasan, Sabella, Bhaun, Latrahi, Piprahi, Dhanchoha, Yogiraj, Nardah, Puraini Bazzar, Chausa, Israin Kala, Babhani, Gamahria, Gandhi Nagar and Nayatola, Phulaut,

Karama, Jagdishpur, Alam Nagar, Balatol, Nayatola, Murho and Ranipatti.Lalpur, Nishiherpur,Satyanaraya Pur, Dhunaha, Sahugarh(the biggest village in the district) Educational institution in Madhepura Don Bosco Academy, Kiran Public School, Holy Cross, Holy angels, Wisdom Public School, General High School, T.P.Collage, P.S.Collage, B.N.M.University,etc Bihariganj Bihariganj a town in Bihar, India. It is in Madhepura district. Geography There are few chauk (zebra crossing) like Madhukarchak chauk, Jawahar chauk, Shastri chauk, Gandhi Chauk, Subhash Chauk, Panchwati Chauk. Bihariganj is the central market. It is surrounded with villages namely Madhukarchak, Mohanpur, Laxmipur, Belahi, Babhangama, Vishanpur, Gamail, Mahikhand etc. Culture Ramnavi Yatra is very famous. There are many temples such as Chandika Temple, Durga Temple, Shiva Temple. Murliganj Murliganj is a town and a notified area in Madhepura district in the Indian state of Bihar. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 Demographics * 3 Education * 4 See also * 5 References Geography Murliganj is located at 2554N 8659E / 25.9N 86.98E / 25.9; 86.98.[1] It has an average elevation of 52 . Parmanandpur is a village located about 12 km (7 mi) away from Murliganj. ;metres (170 feet).kolhaypatti village located about 6 km (4 mi) south from Murligangj. Rampur is a village under Murliganj Police Station and located at distance of 3 km (2 mi). This village is situated in the bank of Baluaha river. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Murliganj had a population of 22,921. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Murliganj has an average literacy rate of 45%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 53%, and female literacy is 37%. In Murliganj, 19% of the population is under 6 years of age. Education Murliganj has 3 colleges, 4 high schools (B.L High school, Collegiate high school, Yadav high school and one girls high school). One Primary School is there operated by Shri Sudhansu Kumar Jha; Named: Gurukul Vidyapeeth. Many children from different areas come here to take quality education.[citation needed] B.L. Inter School is considered as one of the best Schools in the Koshi Region, presently Shri Murlidhar Jha is the Principal of this prestigious School.

Saharsa district Saharsa is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar, India. Saharsa town is the administrative headquarters of this district. Saharsa district is a part of a larger territory, the Kosi Division and it became a district on 1 April 1954 and subsequently has become smaller with other districts being carved form it, most notably Madhepura in 1981. The area of the district is 1,696 km2. Total population is around 1132413 of which Rural population is 1052264 and Urban population is 80149. Contents * 1 Literacy * 2 Geography * 3 Subdivisions * 4 See also Literacy * Male (2001) :52.04% * Female (2001) :25.31% * Total (2001) :39.28% Geography Saharsa district is surrounded on the west by the river Kosi. Koshi boasts an abundance of fish and makhana. Saharsa is famous for its varieties of Mango's and Summer Berry known as Litchi. Tablighi MARKAZ(centre) is located on the bypass road of Saharsa Basti, which attracts JAMAAT (mass) from all over the world, which includes: Malaysia. Indonesia, Thailand, England, Norh America, South America & many more international destinations. There is a mass Sermon on the eve of every JUMA (friday), which attracts people from the nearby districts including the local people. This TABHLIGH work has revolutionised the reformation in regional people, youth in specific, to a more meaning & simple life, rather than indulging in illigal & immoral life. Subdivisions * Saharasa Sadar * Simri Bakhtiyarpur See also * Saharsa - The Municipality * Districts of Bihar * Bangaon * Sihaul * Lists of villages of Saharsa Saharsa is a city and a municipality in the Saharsa district in the Indian state of Bihar in northeast India, east of the Kosi River. It is the administrative headquarters of the Saharsa District, and is in the Kosi Division. Sahrasa is also the name of the Parliamentary constituency, which contains the city and a major part of the district. The origin of the name Saharsa is unknown.

Contents * 1 History * 2 Geography o 2.1 Rivers * 3 Demographics * 4 Economy o 4.1 Agriculture o 4.2 Industry * 5 Communication Links * 6 Language and Culture * 7 Education o 7.1 Colleges o 7.2 Schools History Earlier Saharsa district was within Bhagalpur Division. Kosi Division was formed on 2 October 1972, comprising Saharsa, Purnia and Katihar district, with its headquarters at Saharsa. Similarly a new Civil Sub-Division Birpur was created on 1 December 1972, consisting of 24 development blocks viz. Raghopur, Chhatapur, Basantpur and Nirmali which were previously under Supaul subdivision of this district. Two new districts Madhepura & Supaul have been formed from Saharsa district on 30 April 1981 and 1991. Saharsa district now consists of 2 subdivisions, viz. Saharsa Sadar and Simri Bakhtiarpur. The district consists of 10 development blocks and anchals each. Saharsa was created on 1 April 1954. Formerly it had no independent status and parts of Saharsa were included in the old districts of Munger & Bhagalpur A large parts of the district in the past was subjected to annual floods and inundation by a host of rivers originating from the Himalayas. The sub terai was noted for rice cultivation before it was subjected to the vagaries of the unpredictable Koshi. The district has been largely influenced by its geography. Whatever humans of historically important sites that may have existed here have been virtually started by the repeated flooding at the koshi during the last half century or so. With the efforts of some early Europeons however, some important historical objects or landmarks have been preserved in a few places and it is on the basis of these that some kind of a connected account of the early history of the district can be constructed. Tablighi MARKAZ(centre) is located on the bypass road of Saharsa Basti,which attracts JAMAAT(mass)from all over the world,which includes:Malaysia. Indonesia, Thailand, England, Norh America, South America and many more international destinations.There is a mass Sermon(BAYAN) on the eve of every JUMA(Friday),which attracts people from the nearby districts including the local people. This TABHLIGH work has revolutionised the life of regional people, youth specifically, to a more meaningful and simple life, rather than indulging in illegal and immoral activities. Geography

Saharsa is located at 2553N 8636E / 25.88N 86.6E / 25.88; 86.6Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Saharsa. It has an average elevation of 41 metres (134 feet). Saharsa and its surrounding areas are a flat alluvial plain forming part of the Kosi river basin. This makes the land very fertile. However, frequent changes in the course of the Kosi, one of the largest tributaries of the Ganges, [1][2] have led to soil erosion. Flooding is a major reason for the poor connectivity of the area as bridges tend to get washed away. Major flooding occurs almost annually, causing a significant loss of life and property.[1] The famous conversation between Mandan Mishra and Shankracharya took place in Mahishi in Saharsa. In Sahara district, the main problems of the people are poverty, unemployment, and literacy. After the Kosi flood in 2008, problems of the people have been increased. Rivers * Kosi and its tributaries [3] This is the most devastating river of Bihar and it earns the epithet "Sorrow of Bihar". * Bagmati Baghmati is also notorious for its breach of embankments & frequently changing its meandering courses. Therefore here the river is in its youth stage where annual rate of deposition of alluvium is very high. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Saharsa had a population of 124,015. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Saharsa has an average literacy rate of 58%, lower than the national average of 64.4%: male literacy is 66%(national average:75.6%), and female literacy is 48%(national average:54.2%). In Saharsa, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age.kahra and Bangaon has a very important contribution in entire sectoral development of Saharsa. Economy Agriculture * Food Crop: Paddy * Cash Crop: Makhana (Euryale ferox Salisb) [4] * Mango * Mustard * Corn * Wheat Industry * Brick production.Saharsa is one of the biggest brick producing HUB in entire kosi area. * Corn Product Corn product are getting manufactured at Maa Katyani Industry. * Jute Factory * Soap Factory * Chocolate Factory * Biscuit Factory * Proposed Paper Mill(Badhnath pur) Communication Links

Saharsa is connected by railway and roadways to other major towns in Bihar. National Highway NH 107 connects it to Maheshkhunt and Purnia List of National Highways in India. The rural road network is in need of improvement.[3] Sahrsa does not have public transportation links by air (there is an air strip reserved for government use but no commercial flights exist) or waterways, but train connections can be made. It is connected to Kolkata by a direct train, the "Hate Bazaare Express". In early 2006, a much awaited broad gauge line connected it to Khagaria on the New Delhi-Guwahati main line. In early 2006, a weekly train was started to connect it to the national capital, New Delhi. In October 2006, a low-fare completely air-conditioned weekly train, christened the "Garib Rath" (Poor's Chariot), has been started to connect Saharsa to Amritsar, with much fanfare. Earlier there was only a metre gauge line on the Khagaria - Mansi - Saharsa Forbesganj section of East Central railway. The city is also served by India Post. Its Postal Code is: 852201. Landline telephone services have been augmented by cellular services; the quality deteriorates as one moves away from the city centre. Internet connectivity is still very basic: a few cyber cafes provide limited broadband service, and internet service in private homes is only beginning. Mobile services are working up to the rural areas, leading mobile companies like, Airtel, Reliance, Tata, BSNL, Aircel, Vodafone, Idea, Smart are working here. Language and Culture * Maithili * Hindi * Urdu * Angika Education Colleges 1. Manohar Lal Tekriwal(M.L.T)saharsa college Saharsa 2. R M College 3. Ramesh Jha Mahila College 4. B.S.college 5. NIIT Saharsa Centre, Purab Bazar 6. S.N.S.R.K.S. College 7. Maharaja Harivallabh Singh Memorial College ,Sonbarsa Schools 1. Zila School Saharsa 2. Zila Girl School Saharsa 3. Koshi Convent Academy, Naya Bazar, Saharsa 4. S.S High School Nowhatta 5. Jawahar Navodaya vidyalaya 6. Veer Kunwar singh high school 7. Jail Colony High School 8. Kalawati High School

9. Kendriya Vidyalaya Saharsa 10. Middle School,Udainagar,Bahuarva 11. Simribakhtiyar Pur High School 12. Islamia High School, Simribakhtiyarpur 13. Chakbharo High School,Simribakhtiyarpur 14. Senior Basic School, Hati 15.Bhagirath High School (Chainpur) 16.Gopal middle school(parri) 17. Tuition Bureau Residential School, saharsa 18. Manohar High School, Saharsa 19.Shri Navkumar Singh High School Lagma 20.Maa Gayatri School Sahapur Bazar. 21. Benevolent Global Public School, Saharsa Basti, Saharsa Simri-Bakhtiarpur Simri-Bakhtiarpur is a town in Saharsa district of Bihar, India Contents * 1 Geography * 2 Location Geography It is located at 25430N 86350E / 25.716667N 86.583333E / 25.716667; 86.583333 at an elevation of 31 m above MSL.[1] Location National Highway 107 passes through Simri-Bakhtiarpur. Nearest airport is Patna Airport. Supaul district Supaul district Hindi: ) is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar state, India, and Supaul town is the administrative headquarters of this district. This district occupies an area of 2,410 km2 (931 sq mi). The district was carved out from the erstwhile Saharsa district on 14 March 1991. Supaul district is bounded by Nepal to the north, Araria district to the east, Madhepura and Saharsa districts to the south and Madhubani district to the west. Supaul district is a part of Kosi division. Agriculture is the major occupation of this district and paddy is the main crop. This is very peaceful area in Bihar state. The well-known historical and religious place - the Durga Sthan lies in Supaul district and it is only 10 km (6 mi) away from the district headquarters. The Koshi River flows through this district, which is regularly affected by the flood caused by this river. Contents * 1 Divisions * 2 Progressive villages * 3 Demography Divisions

The district comprises 4 sub-divisions: Supaul, Birpur, Triveniganj and Nirmali. Supaul subdivision consists 4 blocks: Supaul, Kishanpur, Saraigadh-Bhaptiyahi and Pipra. Birpur subdivision is further divided into 3 blocks: Basantpur, Raghopur and Pratapganj. Triveniganj sub-division has 2 blocks: Triveniganj and Chhatapur. Nirmali sub-division comprises 2 blocks: Nirmali and Maruna. Progressive villages The district consists of two progressive villages of Karnpur,Solhani and Sukhpur. Karnpur is a ideal village with 90% concrete houses. 95% of population has access to clean toilets and drinking water. Janmastmi festival of Karnpur is famous for its glitz and glitter. Saraswati Pooja (Basant Panchami) is celebrated with great zeal in Solhani village. There is a big Badgad tree nearby School which is very old and attracts the passers in Solhani. The Gram Pnachyat comprises two villages which is known as Solhani - Sukhpur Gram Panchayat. In accordance with Maithil Panchkar (record keeper)the primodial native of this village is Bramhan known as "Tanah Puriye, Solhani" that's why the name of the village is known as "Solhani". Maithli is the main language. barail-baruari is another progressive village of the district. barail is well connected to the district headquarter. barail is an ideal village as it has got concrete roads, good hospitals, convent schools etc. durga pooja festival of barail is famous for its fair and it is celebrated with great enthusiasm in barail village. rajpoots are the main native of this village. and this village is one of the five villages known for the dominance of rajpoots in bihar. and thus known as one among the panchmahals. Demography The district has a population of 1,745,069 (2001 census). The urban population constitutes 19% of the total population. The population density is 735/km. Supaul is a town and a municipality that is headquarters of Supaul district in the Indian state of Bihar. Not far from this place is the Indian border connecting Nepal. The Supaul Town is the administrative headquarters of this district. River Kosi flows through Supaul. After the construction of Kosi Dam the flood situation has improved in Supaul. This year though (2008) the river Kosi changed its course and took the route it used to take 200 years ago. As a result major parts of Supaul districts were flooded. These were the worst floods since 1954. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 History * 3 Demographics * 4 Language and culture * 5 Food Geography Supaul is located at 2556N 8615E / 25.93N 86.25E / 25.93; 86.25.[1] It has an average elevation of 34 metres (111 feet). Rivers: Kosi History

Supaul has a rich history. There is an ancient school called Williams High School which is 112 years old. There is a famous school called Jawahar Navodaya vidyalaya, which produce a scores of talented students with a high class achievement not nationally but internationally. There is a public club which is more than 100 yrs old. Supaul is well connected to capital of state and country with rail and roads. Politically Supaul stands ahead with comparison to other district and it is a lok sabha constituency which produced eminent leaders. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Supaul had a population of 54,020. Language and culture * Maithili * Urdu * Hindi Almost everyone knows hindi.People are soft spoken, loving and helping.supaul is a peaceful and culturally strong place in Bihar. Food This part of bihar is known for delicious food. Its mainly known for khaja of pipra bazar, litti chokha, roti bhujiya, chawal daal chokha, banarsi bhuja and many more. Birpur Birpur is a city and a notified area in Supaul district in the state of Bihar, India. It is a small town on the Indo-Nepal border near the historic Kosi Barrage on the Kosi River. It has a airport too, which is being modernised and later on will be utilized for commercial as well defence use. It had been made when first prime minister of India Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru had landed here to lay the foundation stone of Koshir Barrage. The population of Birpur is mixed. The city mostly consists of colonies made for employees and officers of Koshi project. Its Kosi High School was once most sought after school in entire Koshi region. There is also a Koshi Club here, adjacent to the school campus. It is a centre for sports and cultural activities. There is also a government college named Lalit Naryan Mishra Smarak Mahavidyalay on the name of Lalit Narayan Mishra, who was railway minister of India from 1973 to 1975 and who died in 1975 in a bomb blast at Samastipur. His birth place, Balwa is 13 kilometer in the south from Birpur. Neighbouring areas are Basantpur, Bhim Nagar, Kataiya Power House, which is a hydro power plant, Hriday Nagar, Bhavani Pur. Nearest railway head from Birpur is Raghopur in the south and Bathnaha and Jogbani in the east. There is direct train from Jogbani for Kolkata and Delhi. The train is called Seemanchal Express. Kunauli Kunauli ( ) or Kunauli Bazaar is a small town of Supaul (old Saharsa) district of Bihar, India. It is also known as Kanouli. This small busy town is situated at the borders of India and Nepal.[1] Contents * 1 History

* 2 Koshi and Kunauli * 3 Koshi Colony * 4 Language * 5 Education Centre * 6 Place of Interest * 7 Nearest Railway Station * 8 Nearest Airport * 9 Distance from nearby Places o 9.1 INDIA o 9.2 Nepal History The name Kunauli is derived from the great Ashoka's son, Kunal or Kunala who once ruled this place. This place is also known for the education place of evergreen indian playback singer, Udit Narayan. Koshi and Kunauli The Western Embankment Bank of Koshi runs through Kunauli.During the floods in 1948, 1949, 1954, 1955, 1958 etc., it has severely affected the convex bends of western bank at several places like Kunauli Bazar.[2] The flood generally do great damage to the road leading to the Kunauli town and wash out its 3 kilometres portion. The water of the Koshi river pour out from the breach that developes in its western embankment and submerge a large portion of it.[3] Koshi Colony It is a residential colony for the officers and staff of the Koshi Projects. Language Hindi, Maithili, Nepali Education Centre Jageshwar High School is the main centre for Secondary School Education. Famous Playback Singer, Udit Narayan and Angika Language Scholar - Kundan Amitabh are among those few personalities who studied here and completed their SSC. Jageshwar High School is among one of few schools of India which provide education services to Nepalese students as well. Place of Interest * Koshi Barrage (15Km towards north in Nepal) * Sapt Kosi River (25 km) * Sursar Nad (47.6 km) * Trijuga River (48.9 km) * Chandra Canal (9.5 km) * Sakhra Devi Mandir (10 km in Nepal) Nearest Railway Station * Nirmali (36 Km) Nearest Airport

* Patna, Bihar, India (203 km) * Biratnagar(BIR), Biratnagar, Nepal (63.7 km) * Tribhuvan International(KTM), Kathmandu, Nepal (285 km) Distance from nearby Places INDIA * Dagmra (06.2 km) * Simrhi (21.4 km) * Bhaptihi (22.3 km) * Sukhnagar (31.3 km) * Brpur (31.4 km) * Pratpganj (32.3 km) * Laukhi (32.4 km) * Nirmli (36 km) * Narahia (38.7 km) * Ghurna (38.9 km) * Tharbitia (39 km) * Narhi (41.1 km) * Chhtpur (46.4 km) * Purnea (134.8 km) Nepal * Inarwa (8.9 km) * Hanumnnagar (10.2 km) * Rjbirj (10.4 km) * Barhamjia (24.5 km) * Barhara (25.5 km) * Kanchanpur (32.1 km) * Khairbana (32.5 km) * Kuiyhi (37.8 km) * Shibganj (41.8 km) * Khanjpur (42.5 km) * Fatehpur (43.6 km) Nirmali Nirmali is a town and a notified area in Supaul district in the Indian state of Bihar. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 Demographics * 3 Notable events * 4 Trade and Business * 5 Health Center * 6 Education Geography

Nirmali is located at 2619N 8635E / 26.32N 86.58E / 26.32; 86.58.[1] It has an average elevation of 59 metres (193 feet). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Nirmali had a population of 16,144. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Nirmali has an average literacy rate of 45%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 57%, and female literacy is 31%. In Nirmali, 18% of the population is under 6 years of age. Notable events President special train has been used twice in Indian history. The first was used by Dr. Rajendra Prasad to come from Patna to Nirmali. This article's tone or style may not be appropriate for Wikipedia. Specific concerns may be found on the talk page. See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for suggestions. (December 2007) Nirmali , a small town in the arms of two well known rivers, Koshi & Balaan. The famous leader Jai Prakash Narain took refuge here after breaking away from Hanuman nagar Jail{Nepal} during the freedom struggle.The town has been famous for its extensive rice production. Sons of Nirmali: 1. Late.Ram Chandra Mahto 2. Satya Narayan Prasad Sahu 3. Padmashree Ram Gopal Bajaj (Ex director, NSD) 4. Rameshwar Prem 5. Late Dr. Hanuman Prasad Sharma(Ex HOD,Mathematics-BNMU,Madhepura) 6. Hari Prasad Sah,minister Bihar Govt. 7.late Mahaveer Pd. Tantia 8. Bijay Kumar Gupta Ex-MLA & Sr.Leader National Congress 9. Ramji Prasad Mandal. 10.Bijay Raj Baid sole Founder TERA-PANTH BHAWAN 11.Shri.Ram Sevak Singh(Ex.Principal,Nirmali College -Nirmali) Trade and Business Duli Chand Hardwarmal,kirana Ravi Pharma,Pharmaceutical Distributor, Pansary Brothers, petroleum, Kailash Gas Agency, LPG, S.N. Prasad & Co., Kerosene, motor cycle spares house of two wheelers spares Health Center 1.Dhirndra Memorial Nursing Home(Dr.Surendra Mahaseth,Director) 2.Dr.R.N.Prasad 3.Dr.R.P.Yadav Education Nirmali High School Boy/ Girl Nirmali College Boy/ Girl Lots Of Middle School in Nirmali including Hans Vahini and Gyan Bharti. And Lots of Private School and Coaching Center also. Triveniganj Triveniganj is a town in Supaul district, state Bihar in India. It has 27 Panchayats and 64 Revenue Villages. Triveniganj is also among only four subdivisions in Supaul. Triveniganj, a small beautiful town is surrounded by lush - green fields. Population - Total - 2,47,459 (Male - 1,29,444, Female - 1,18,015) Arwal district

Arwal district is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar state, India, and Arwal town is the administrative headquarters of this district. It was earlier part of Jehanabad district. Arwal has a population of 588,000. Its headquarters is situated at Arwal, which is approximately 80 km south from the state capital Patna. Arwal town is situated on the right side bank of the river Son, which is a tributary to the river Ganges. Contents * 1 Administration * 2 Transport * 3 Economy * 4 Problems Administration Arwal district is a part of Magadh division. It came into existence in September 2001 and was earlier part of Jehanabad district. The five block divisions are Arwal, Karpi, Kaler, Kurtha and Suryapur Vanshi.[2] Transport Nearest airport is at Patna and railway station is at Jehanabad. By road, Arwal is linked with Jehanabad, Patna and Aurangabad transport by road. Economy Economy of the district is totally agriculture-based, and this area does not have any presence of any industry. Paddy, wheat and pulse are the main crops. Though most of the area of the district is well irrigated, due to lack of infrastructure and power, farmers are not benefitted. Problems The district is infested with Naxalites, which is one factor that hampers growth of the area besides lack of infrastructure and power. Arwal is the administrative headquarters of Arwal district in the Indian state of Bihar. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 Economy * 3 Transport Geography Arwal is located at 2515N 8441E / 25.25N 84.68E / 25.25; 84.68. It has an average elevation of 67 metres (220 ft). The district headquarters is at the bank of Sone river. The state capital, patna is 65 km to the north. The rural area dominates and the soil is productive, so farmers harvest paddy crops mainly and also rabbi.[1] Economy In March 2008 the Bihar government approved the construction of a bridge across the Son River at a cost of Rs. 100 crore from Arwal to Sahar in Bhojpur district. The economy of Arwal depends on agriculture only. Most of the population resides in villages and are farmers. The entire district is well irrigated due to the proper arrangement of canals. There is no existence of any industry or other business centre.[2] Transport

NH 110 links Arwal to Bihar Sharif on NH 31. NH 98 passes through Arwal. The nearest railway station is Jehanabad at 30 k.m and Anugrah Narayan road at 45 k.m. Public transport is by bus or private light vehicle. The roads are not well maintained but in recent days, the government of Bihar has made an effort to make improvements. Most of the villages are well connected by approach road. Aurangabad district Aurangabad district is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar state, India, and Aurangabad town is the administrative headquarters of this district. Aurangabad district is a part of Magadh division. Headquarters: Aurangabad Area: 3,305 km? Population: Total: 2,013,055, Hindus 1,814,612, Muslims 196,030 (9.73%). Sub Divisions: Aurangabad, Daud Nagar Blocks: Madanpur, Kutumbba, Daudnagar, Aurangabad, Barun, Obra, Dev, Nabinagar, Haspura, Goh, Rafiganj Agriculture: Paddy, Wheat, Lentils Industry: Carpet and Blanket Weaving Rivers: Son, Punpun, Auranga, Bataane, Morhar, Aadri Aurangabad features in traditional records. The Saint Chyawan spent his life in an Aashram (known as Chyawan Aashram) near Devkund village of HASPURA block in this district, and gives his name to a product of the area, called Chyawanprash. The small village Devkund is also associated with an interesting mythological relevance. According to Hindu mythology, once Lord Vishwakarma was told to make three temples in one night. These three temples are identical in design and incorporates a small pond with it. The only difference is the absence of fourth side wall of the pond at Devkund, which Lord Vishwakarma could not complete as the Sunrise occurred. In modern times those three temples are located at Deo, Deokund and Umga in Bihar. Two of these three towns i.e.Deo & Umga have Sun temples and Deokund has Lord Shiv temple ( Baba Dudheshwar Nath). However the temple at Deo is the most popular for the celebration of a religious festival called Chhat puja.[2] Aurangabad also played a major role in the Indian independence struggle. Aurangabad's contribution in the freedom struggle has been immense with outstanding national leader like great Gandhian and the[3] first Deputy Chief Minister cum Finance Minister of Bihar, Bihar Vibhuti[4] Dr. Anugrah Narayan Sinha who was a close associate of Mahatama Gandhi and worked with Rajendra Prasad (the first President of India) and led the Gandhian Satyagraha movement in Bihar. It is also the birth place of Satyendra Narayan Singh affectionately called Chhote Saheb, who was also a participant in the Indian independence movement, and a former Chief Minister of Bihar. Aurangabad is a city and a municipality in Aurangabad district in the state of Bihar, India. Aurangabad (pop. 79,351[citation needed]) is the district headquarters of the Aurangabad district. It is situated on the Grand Trunk Road. The people of this region primarily speak

Magahi. Due to lack of industrialization, people are still mainly dependent upon agriculture and related activities. Rice and wheat are the main crops produced here. Contents * 1 History * 2 Present administrative setup * 3 Geography * 4 Demographics * 5 Notable people History The Magadh region was one of the oldest and strongest empires of the world in the Ancient period and its boundaries (600-250 BC) spread across to parts of the (now present) countries of Burma, Pakistan, Indonesia, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh, apart from India. This was the region about which Megasthenes (3rd Century BC), a Greek writer, traveller and scholar wrote with much awe and inspiration about his empire and the people. Aurangabad got its name from one of the kings of the Mughal dynasty, Aurangzeb. The blocks; Daudnagar, Dev and Kutumba are great historical places. There is a need to explore these places in a broader way. While Daudnagar is surrounded by Qila's (Forts) of mughal era, Dev has a historical temple of Lord Sun which attracts a lot of devotees from all over India and Kutumba is related with one of king who's kingdom was not expanded its ruling area in more broader way. The fort of Sher Shah Suri, the Mughal king, near Sasaram attracts lot of historians and visitors. Famous Grand Trunk Road (NH - 2), starting from Kabul in Afghanistan and ends at Calcutta in West Bengal, built by Sher Shah Suri crosses through Aurangabad. It is a clean and peaceful city,Situated on the bank of river Adari, having 2 cinema halls, 1 Town Hall, and some good market complexes. Some old colonies in the Aurangabad town are Club road, Nawadih road, Block, Police line, Ahari.The roads condition is always optimal. The railway station is 10 km away from the city and the name of the railway station is Anugrah Narayan Road. It has a large government hospital in a good position with a capacity of hundreds of people. The city has TV Station, Mobile, Landline and Internet connectivity. All the leading telephone service providers are present here.So, There are a lots of school and colleges in the city and the district.However, the famous Gate school holds the same grand reputation as ever. This school was built at the time of British government and is now called Anugrah Inter College in the memory of great nationalist Bihar Vibhuti Dr Anugrah Narayan Sinha;the first deputy Chief Minister & Finance Minister Of Bihar. Present administrative setup Aurangabad is one of the 38 districts of Bihar. It has two sub divisions Aurangabad and Daud Nagar. The blocks are Madanpur, Kutumbba, Daudnagar, Aurangabad, Barun, Obra, Dev, Nabinagar, Haspura, Goh, and Rafiganj . Geography Aurangabad is located at 2445N 8422E / 24.75N 84.37E / 24.75; 84.37.[1] It has an average elevation of 108 metres (354 feet).

Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Aurangabad had a population of 79,351. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Aurangabad has an average literacy rate of 30%, lower than the national average of 59.5%; with 48% of the males and 22% of females literate. 15% of the population is under 6 years of age. Famous School and Colleges: Block quote * S.Sinha College, Aurangabad * Anugrah Inter College (Gate School) (Aurangabad) * Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya,Barun(Aurangabad) * DAV Public School Dayanand Vihar(Aurangabad) * Kishori Sinha Mahila College (Aurangabad) * Madarsa Islamia (Aurangabad) * Mahesh Academy School (Aurangabad) * Sarasawati Shishu Mandir (Aurangabad) * Magadh Public School, near Town Hall, Club Road (Aurangabad) * Pragya Monetssori school, By pass Road Aurangabad (Bihar) * Chanakya High School,New Area Aurangabad (Bihar)Contact No. +919955538639 Famous Coaching Centers: * Apex Super 20 Tutorials, near Town Hall, Club Road (aurangabad), * A Base of Chemistry Study Circle,(R.Ranjan) ward no-12, Adarsh Nagar,New area, Aurangabad,Contact no:-9934969852 * Galaxy Coaching Centre,near old Gas agenecy,Shhivpuru Coloney,(Aurangabad) * Mathematics Coaching centre by (G.Singh), Maharajgang road, Near Raghunandan Coloney, Aurangabad * Genius Coaching Center (Club Road) * Toti(Avadhesh Singh) Tuition center for Phy., Chemistry, Advanced Maths (Block Colony) * Rajesh Kumar Singh(Ex HOD-IIT Kanpur), contact for mathematics tution 9430202959 * Chanakya Coaching Institute,New Area Aurangabad (Bihar)Mr.Mithilesh Kumar Mishra (Managing Director)Contact No.+919955538639 Notable people * Bihar Vibhuti Dr Anugrah Narayan Sinha, first Deputy Chief Minister cum Finance Minister of Bihar * Satyendra Narayan Singh, ex Chief Minister of Bihar * Nikhil Kumar, Governor Of Nagaland Daudnagar Daudnagar is a city and a municipality in Aurangabad district in the state of Bihar, India. Daudnagar has old historical fort, This fort is situated on the eastern bank of the Sone River and was founded by Dhaud Khan, a Governor of Bihar under Aurangzeb in the 17th of

Palamu fort from the Cheros; and it is said that while back from this conquest he camped here and founded the town known after him. The surrounding area was also granted to him as a Jagir by the emperor. Early in the 18th century Buchanan saw it as a flourishing town with cloth and opium factories. The sarai built by Daud Khan was, perhaps really meant to be a stronghold; for it was well fortified with a battlemented wall, two large gates and a moat all around. It was called as a sarai probably to avoid jealousy of the Government. The sarai was in good condition till a few years before 1896; for the Bengal list says that the gates were regularly shut every night. Ahmad Khan, grandson of Dhaud Khan, fortified the town which was then named as Ghausipur. The town also contains an old mosque and another sarai built by Ahmad Khan, which had mud gates. In the outlying part of the town called Ahmadganj is the tomb of Ahmad Khan. Geography Daudnagar is located at 2502N 8424E / 25.03N 84.4E / 25.03; 84.4[1]. It has an average elevation of 84 metres (275 feet). Daudnagar is situated on the bank of Son River and NH 98 paasses through the town. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[2], Daudnagar had a population of 37,977. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Daudnagar has an average literacy rate of 55%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 63% and, female literacy is 46%. In Daudnagar, 18% of the population is under 6 years of age. Obra Obra is a small town just 15 km away from the District Headquarter on NH-98 (GarwaPatna). Obra is also a headquarter of Obra block, under Daudnagar sub-division and a block of 144 villages having population of 220,000 (Census 2001). In Obra block there are 20 panchayats each averaging 6 villages. Block stretched in north, east and south and demarcated by Daudnagar, Rafiganj, Aurangabad blocks and in west it is Rohtas District. Obra is also an assembly seat (Obra and Daudnagar block) in the Bihar Legislative assembly. Situated on the confluence of Punpun and Adri river, the rolling topography of the town is typical, spread on the plain of the Son river bed known for its very fertile land. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 Demography * 3 Economy * 4 Market * 5 Places of interest * 6 Education * 7 Health services * 8 Transportation * 9 Hospitality Geography Adri River

Obra is located in the eastern part of India at 2452N 8420E / 24.87N 84.34E / 24.87; 84.34. Town is surrounded by very pleasant rivers Punpun from the western and northern part and By River Adri from eastern side. River Son is flown just 8 km. west from the town. Obra is situated 114 km. from the Capital city of Bihar, Patna. Obra is situated in plain of River son, so the land is very fertile by nature. It is not very far away from Ratan hillock of Magadh range and Chhotanagpur plate of Palamu(Jharkhand). Flow of river from three sides make its a beautiful picturesque to this place. its considered as world most fertile land for rice Demography As per census 2001, Population of Obra town is 12096[1]. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Total number of Males population is 6,375 and Female constitutes 5,721. And the total number of households in town are 1691. Obra has an average literacy rate of 58%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 63% and, female literacy is 53%. Economy Obra Gola road Economy of Obra is mainly depend on agriculture. A vast fertile land in the region support most of the Families economically. Obra is also famous as Rice bowl of Magadh region. So the trading of Food grains to all part of Bihar and Jharkhand makes Obra a big mandi(Market) where more than 50 traders are operating their businesses in single Gola Road. Obra is also well known for the production of Kaleen (carpets). The tradition of weaving beautiful and unique carpets in the town dates back to 15th century. Set up near Koriepur village, the Kaleen Udyog is currently managed by the state government. Kambal(blanket) industry in Obra is another industry supported by Government. A processing plant for raw blanket is established here for 50 years and the trade of these kambals is dated back to 100 of years. These sector is also organize hare employeed more than 1000 of people. Market * Ganga Market- Main market for town as well as for near regions, situated in the centre of town and famous for all retail products, Cosmetic sproducts, Pots and utensils, restaurant, Decoration, vegetables, Entertainments etc. * Main Road- This market is stretched over NH-98 and famous for Fertilizers, Cement, Concretes, Motals, Motor spare parts, Healthcare. * Bel Road- This market is famous not only in District but in the whole state as rice and wheat market(Mandi). This is the trading zone for the region. Places of interest * Doomuhan- This Place famous for the confluence of Punpun river and Adri river. It is a beautiful scenic peace zone area surrounded by trees allaround. Very ancient temples of lord Shiva, Vishnu and Goddess are still here as attraction.

* Kali Mandir- A very spiritual place for the entire region. Nine incarnation of Goddess durga are situated here with temples of Lord Shiva and Hanuman. People have faith here for the fulfillment of their beliefs. * Sahid Jagapati Smarak- A commemorate for young freedom fighter for Indian Independence. * Manora Village- Lord Buddha stayed here for consecutively 3 days.also famous for Hindu and Budh temples. Education There is no facilities for college education in Obra, so students of this region depends for college education to District Town Auranagabad. But there are few good school are here* Boys High School * Girls High School * Middle School * Sahid Jagatpati School * Lord Buddha School And some 4 or 5 small schools are here to cater the education. Health services Particularly in Obra, Health facility are very good in comparative to other blocks in Aurangabad District. Government hospital in Obra is very well managed right now by the administration so most of the necessary treatments are available. It is located near to Bel more on NH-98. The hospital has emergency wards and facility of night treatment is also catered over here. Apart from the government hospital some of very renowned Physicians(Doctors) of the District are serving the local population. Few of These are * Dr. Arvind Kumar Sharma * Dr. Ramadhar Singh * Dr. Shankar Bose * Dr. Bhagwat Singh * Dr. Upendra Singh More than 20 medical hall are serving the need of locals here. Some of them are* Hansa Medical Hall * Janta Medical Hall * Awantika Medical Hall * Ganesh Medical Hall * Magadh Medical Hall * Sona Medical Hall Transportation Road Obra town lies on NH-98 and just 14 km from NH-2(Grand Trunk Road), So the connectivity of town with all major cities in state as well as all part of district is very good. Obra lies in between District town Aurangabad and Subdivision town Daudnagar with equi distance of 15 km each on NH so both town are connected by many buses, auto and trekers.

Long distance such as Ranchi, Jamshedpur, Bokaro, Dhanbad, Daltonganj and other part of Jharkhand are directly connected with daily buses and for Patna(114 km) more than dozens of buses plying apart from many Tata Sumo and Tata Wingers. Rail Obra is well connected by Indian Railways through entire nation. Just 4 km from the town New Delhi-Howrah main Grand Chord line passes. Nearby station of Obra town is Anugrah Narayan Road station is just 5 km from the town so there are more 50 train including express and passenger trains passes daily. Near about dozen of trains for National Capital Delhi and the same number of trains are available for Kolkata are commuting daily. A.N.Road Station is just 69 km from Gaya and 135 km from Varanasi. Most of the express trains are halting here except Rajdhani exp. So it is well connected with all part of the state as well nation. Air There is no direct connectivity with air services but nearest International airport is Bodhgaya (70 km) and Domestic is Patna (114 km). Hospitality There are few lodges are here but not in good condition for staying so it is better to stay in Aurangabad (15 km). Jamhaur Jamhaur is a small town and a notified area in Aurangabad district in the Indian state of Bihar. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[1], Jamhaur had a population of 8575. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Jamhaur has an average literacy rate of 50%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 60%, and female literacy is 38%. In Jamhaur, 18% of the population is under 6 years of age. Nabinagar Nabinagar is a city and a notified area in Aurangabad district in the Indian state of Bihar. Geography Nabinagar is located at 2437N 8407E / 24.62N 84.12E / 24.62; 84.12[1]. It has an average elevation of 138 metres (452 feet).from '8 km.Tandwa'.Nabinagar has also been the assembly constituency of eminent nationalist and first Bihar deputy chief minister Bihar Vibhuti Dr. Anugrah Narain Singh. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[2], Nabinagar had a population of 19,041. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Nabinagar has an average literacy rate of 53%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 63%, and female literacy is 42%. In Nabinagar, 18% of the population is under 6 years of age. Rafiganj Rafiganj is a city and a notified area in Aurangabad district in the Indian state of Bihar. Contents * 1 Geography

* 2 Demographics Geography Rafiganj is located at 2449N 8439E / 24.82N 84.65E / 24.82; 84.65[1]. It has an average elevation of 89 metres (291 feet). Demographics Rafiganj Rail Station.JPG As of 2001[update] India census[2], Rafiganj had a population of 23,889. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Rafiganj has an average literacy rate of 49%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 55%, and female literacy is 41%. In Rafiganj, 19% of the population is under 6 years of age. Gaya district Gaya is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar state, India. The district is having a common boundary with the Jharkhand state in the south. Gaya city is its largest city and the district headquarters. Contents * 1 History * 2 Schools * 3 Statistics History Gaya finds mention in the great epics, Ramayana and Mahabharata. Rama along with Sita and Lakshmana visited Gaya for offering PIND-DAAN to their father Dasharath. In Mahabharata, the place has been identified as Gayapuri. About the origin of the name Gaya' as referred to in Vayu Purana is that Gaya was the name of a demon (Asura) whose body was pious after he performed rigid penance and secured blessings from Vishnu. It was said that the Gayasura's body would continue to be known as Gaya Kshetra. Gaya has experienced the rise and fall of many dynasties in the Magadh Region. From the 6th century BC to the 18th century AD, about 2300-2400 years, Gaya has been occupying an important place in the cultural history of the region. It opened up with the Sisunaga dynasty founded by Sisunaga, who exercised power over Patna and Gaya around 600 BC. Bimbisara, fifth in line, who lived and ruled around 519 BC, had projected Gaya to the outer world. Having attained an important place in the history of civilisation, the area experienced the bliss of Gautam Buddha and Bhagwan Mahavir during the reign of Bimbisara. After a short spell of Nanda dynasty, Gaya and the entire Magadha region came under the Mauryan rule with Ashoka (272 BC 232 BC) embracing Buddhism. He visited Gaya and built the first temple at Bodh Gaya to commemorate Prince Gautama's attainment of supreme enlightenment. The period of Hindu revivalism commenced with the coming of the Guptas during the 4th and 5th century A.D. Samudragupta of Magadh helped to bring Gaya in limelight. It was the headquarter of Behar district during the Gupta empire. Gaya then passed on to the Pala Empire with Gopala as the ruler. It is believed that the present temple of Bodh Gaya was built during the reign of Dharmapala, son of Gopala.

Gaya was in the 12th century invaded by Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khilji. But the Hindu rulers defeated his generals later. The place finally passed on to the Britishers after the battle of Buxar in 1764. Gaya, along with other parts of the country, won freedom in 1947. Gaya formed a part of the district of Behar and Ramgarh till 1864. It was given the status of independent district in 1865. Subsequently, in May 1981, Magadh Division was created by the Bihar State Government with the districts of Gaya, Nawada, Aurangabad and Jehanabad. All these districts were at the level of sub-division when the Gaya district was created in 1865. Schools There are a lot of schools in Gaya District, most of them are very popular and provide better education as compared with other cities, names are as follows, Zila School, Gaya, Mahavir School, Town School, T Model School, Gaya High School, Hadi Hashmi School, Qasmi School are some of the schools being run under the Bihar School Examination Board in Gaya for quite long time.Other prominent schools under the CBSE/ICSE are: Kendriya Vidyalaya, Nazareth Academy, Gyan Bharti, Creane School, DAV Rotary Campus and DAV Cannt Area. Many new schools have come up in recent time and these are: St. Ann's School,Jai Hind Public School,Shatabdi Public School, Spring Dales,Green field and Agrawal high school(Belaganj, High School (Kormathu), High School (Paibigha). Statistics Headquarters: Gaya Area:Total 4,976 km2 Rural: 4891.48 Urban: 84.52 Population: Total: 3473428 Rural: 2997479 Urban: 475949 Sub Divisions: Gaya Sadar, Neemchak, Bathani, Sherghati, Tekari Blocks: Atri, Belaganj, Mohanpur, Konch-block, Barachatti, Manpur, Gurua, Tekari, Imamganj, Gaya, Sadar, Wazirganj, Fatehpur, Paraiya, Sherghati, Bodh Gaya, Khizarsarai, Amas, Dumaria, Bankey Bazar, Dobhi, Tankuppa, Nimchakbathani, Guraru, Muhra Agriculture: Paddy, Wheat, Potato, Lentils Temperature: minimum 0.8 (2002 AD) degree C - maximum 49.8 (1996) degree C Industry: OIL mills, sugar mills Rivers: Falgu Gaya (Hindi: ) is a city in Bihar, India, and it is also the headquarters of Gaya District. Gaya is 100 kilometers south of Patna, the capital city of Bihar. Situated on the banks of Falgu River (Niranjana, as mentioned in Ramayana), it is a place sanctified by both the Hindu and the Buddhist religions. It is surrounded by small rocky hills (Mangla-Gauri, Shringa-Sthan, Ram-Shila and Brahmayoni) by three sides and the river flowing on the fourth (eastern) side. The city has a mix of natural surroundings, age old buildings and narrow bylanes. Gaya was a part of the ancient state Magadha. In South Bihar, the most prominent representative of Bhumihar Brahmin was the Tekari Raj family, whose great estate in Gaya dated back to the early 18th century.[1] Contents

* 1 Importance to Hindu Religion * 2 Holy Sites in Gaya * 3 Shrine of Hazrat Makhdoom Syed Shah Durwesh Ashraf * 4 Baitul Anwar * 5 History o 5.1 Ancient history o 5.2 Modern History * 6 Geography * 7 Demographics * 8 Transportation o 8.1 Roadways o 8.2 Railways o 8.3 Airways * 9 Cuisine o 9.1 Sweets o 9.2 Snacks * 10 Education Importance to Hindu Religion Women performing Chhat Puja in the Falgu River in Gaya. Gayasisa or Brahmayoni hill, where Buddha taught the Fire Sutta Gaya derives its name from the mythological demon Gayasur (which literally means Gaya the demon), demon (asur, a Sanskrit word) and Gaya. Lord Vishnu killed Gayasur, the holy demon by using the pressure of his foot over him. This incident transformed Gayasur into the series of rocky hills that make up the landscape of the Gaya city. Gaya was so holy that he had the power to absolve the sins of those who touched him or looked at him; after his death many people have flocked to Gaya to perform Shraddha sacrifices on his body to absolve the sins of their ancestors. Gods and goddesses had promised to live on Gayasur's body after he died, and the hilltop protuberances of Gaya are surmounted by temples to various gods and goddesses. These hilltop temples at Rama Shila, Mangla Gauri, Shringa Sthan and Brahmayoni are part of the pilgrimage circuit, and grand staircases have been built up to most of them. In Vishnu Pad Temple, Guruji Shri Vishnukant Mishra Ji is the main "priest" of this temple and Shri Shashikant Mishra is the eldest son of Guruji. Holy Sites in Gaya Pilgrimage to Buddha's Holy Sites Dharma Wheel.svg The Four Main Sites Lumbini Bodh Gaya Sarnath Kushinagar Four Additional Sites

Sravasti Rajgir Sankissa Vaishali Other Sites Patna Gaya Kosambi Kapilavastu Devadaha Kesariya Pava Nalanda Varanasi Later Sites Sanchi Mathura Ellora Ajanta Vikramshila Ratnagiri Udayagiri Bharhut Barabar Caves view talk edit Sacred places in Gaya correspond to physical features, most of which occur naturally. Ghats and temples line the banks of the sacred Falgu River. Trees such as pipal trees and Akshayavat, the undying banyan, are especially sacred. The Mangla Gauri shrine is marked by two rounded stones that symbolize the breasts of the mythological Sati, the first wife of Lord Shiva. The most popular temple today is Vishnupad Temple, a place along the Falgu River, marked by a footprint of Vishnu incised into a block of basalt, that marks the act of Lord Vishnu subduing Gayasur by placing his foot on Gayasur's chest. Brahmins have been the traditional priests at Vishnupad Mandir in Gaya as Gayawal Pandas and in the adjoining districts like Hazaribagh.[2] The present day temple was rebuilt by Devi Ahilya Bai Holkar, the ruler of Indore, in the 18th century. Buddhist tradition regards the footstep in the Vishnupad Temple as a footstep of Buddha (who is regarded as an avatar of Vishnu by Hindus). Vishnupadh Temple Gaya is significant to Hindus from the point of view of salvation to the souls of ancestors (a ritual called pinda daan). According to Ramayana, when Lord Rama came to Gaya along with Sita for pitripaksha (or to perform pindadanam), Sita cursed the Falgu River following some disobedience on the part of the river. Ramayana states that on account of this curse, Falgu River lost its water, and the river is simply a vast stretch of sand dunes. At the same time Sita blessed a banyan tree to be immortal. This tree is known as Akshyavat. Akshyavat is combination of two words Akshya (which never decay) and Vat (Banyan tree). Once a year banyan trees shed leaves, but this particular tree never sheds its leaves which keeps it green even in times of drought. For Buddhists, Gaya is an important pilgrimage place because it was at Brahmayoni hill that Buddha preached the Fire Sermon (Adittapariyaya Sutta) to a thousand former fireworshipping ascetics, who all became enlightened while listening to this discourse. At that time, the hill was called Gayasisa.

JAMA MASJID Largest Mosque in Bihar; is situated in heart of Gaya city. It is approx 200 yrs. old. It's also famous for Shabina (special worship on 27th night of Ramadan) and Tabligh etc. Shrine of Hazrat Makhdoom Syed Shah Durwesh Ashraf Bitho Sharif Bitho Sharif (10 km from main city) situated on Gaya-Patna route, is one of the notable pilgrimage place. The great Sufi saint of Chishtia-Ashrafi order Hazrat Makhdoom Syed Shah Durwesh Ashraf settled here in around Ninth Century Hijri and established Khanqah-eAshrafia. A large number of Muslims and people from other faith, from all over the world visit the Dargah of this great Sufi Saint. Urs of Hazrat Makhdoom Durwesh Ashraf is celebrated every year from 10th-12th of Islamic month of Shabaan.Prof. Syed Shah Shahid Hussain Ashraf is the present Sajjada Nashin of Khanquah Durweshiya Ashrafia Chishtia,Dargah Bitho Sharif.[3] Baitul Anwar Baitul Anwar, situated at Gewal Bigha, a famous Khanqah of Ahl-e-Sunnat founded by Shah Noorul Huda; his successor Siraj-e-Millat Allama Sirajul Huda has been a famous religious personality in Bihar. History Mahabodhi Temple, Bodh Gaya. The site where Gautam Buddha attained enlightenment. The 94 ft. tall Vishal Buddha Mandir, Bodh Gaya. Ancient history Documented history of Gaya dates back to the enlightenment of Gautam Buddha. About 11 km from Gaya town is Bodh Gaya, the place where Gautam Buddha attained enlightenment. Since then the places around Gaya (Rajgir, Nalanda, Vaishali, Patliputra) had been the citadel of knowledge for the ancient world. These centers of knowledge further flourished under the rule of dynasties like the Mauryans who ruled from Patliputra (modern Patna) and covered the area beyond the boundaries of the Indian subcontinent. During this period, Gaya was a part of the Magadh region. Modern History It is the birthplace of eminent nationalist Bihar Vibhuti Dr Anugrah Narain Sinha;Bihar's first deputy Chief Minister cum Finance Minister.The last great ruler of Magadha was maharaja of Tekari. Great nationalist and leader of Kisan Andolan, Swami Sahajanand Saraswati established an ashram at Neyamatpur, Gaya (Bihar) which later became the centre of freedom struggle in Bihar. His close associate was Vir Keshwar Singh of Parihas. All the prominent leaders of Indian National Congress visited there frequently to meet Pandit Yadunandan (Jadunandan) Sharma, the leader of Kisan Andolan who resided in the ashram set up by Swamiji. Pandit Yadunandan (Jadunandan) Sharma became the undisputed leader of peasants in the Gaya district and second in command to the legendary freedom fighter and peasant leader Swami Sahajanand Saraswati.[4] Gaya has also immensely contributed in the Indian Independence Movement. During the independence movement, the All India session of the Congress was held under the presidency of Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das in 1922,

which was attended by great illumanaries and prominent leaders of the Indian Independence Movement, such as Mahatma Gandhi, Dr. Rajendra Prasad,Dr Anugrah Narayan Sinha, Sardar Patel, Maulana Azad, Nehru and Sri Krishna Sinha. Geography Gaya is located at 2447N 8500E / 24.78N 85.0E / 24.78; 85.0.[5] It has an average elevation of 111 metres (364 ft). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[6] Gaya (district) had a population of 3,473,428. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Gaya has an average literacy rate of 68%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 74%, and female literacy is 60%. In Gaya, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age. Transportation Gaya is well connected to the rest of India and the world by roadways, railways and airways. Roadways The Grand Trunk Road (NH-2, which has undergone a revival under The Golden Quadrilateral project) is about 30 km from Gaya. Thus, Gaya is well connected to Patna, Ranchi, Jamshedpur, Bokaro, Rourkela, Hazaribag, Kolkata, Varanasi, Allahabad, Kanpur, Delhi, Amritsar, and to the Pakistani cities of Lahore and Peshawar. The highway connecting Gaya to Patna, Gaya to Nawada, Rajgir and Bihar Sharif are well maintained. Railways Gaya is the second most important & largest railway station in Bihar after Patna. It is a junction and is connected to all the four metropolis New Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai and Chennai through Important Broad Gauge Routes (direct trains). Now it is also directly connected to Guwahati (N-E India) and Chennai (South India). There is a direct train, Mahabodhi Express from New Delhi to Gaya daily. It takes around 15 hours to reach Gaya from New Delhi by train. It has been announced in the 2009-2010 Railway Budget that Gaya Jn would be developed as a World Class Railway Station in Public Private Partnership mode along with 49 other stations throughout the nation.[7] As a matter of fact Gaya Jn was also included in the list of 22 stations across the country to be developed as World Class along with Patna Jn during the tenure of Lalu Prasad as the Railway minister but nothing significant occurred in this regard. Also it has not even developed as a Model station till date in spite of its announcement since a decade. There are direct trains from Gaya to other important stations in India like Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Chennai, Guwahati, Ranchi, Bokaro, Varanasi, Lucknow, Kota, Kanpur, Allahabad, Agra, Mathura, Jabalpur, Bhopal, Indore, Nagpur, Puri, Ahmedabad, Jodhpur, Amritsar, Dehradun, Kalka, Jammu, Gwalior, etc. There are also two other broad gauge train lines from Gaya, one to Patna and the other to Kiul. Airways Gaya Airport is the only international airport in Bihar and Jharkhand taken together. It is an international airport connected to Colombo, Sri Lanka through two airline operators;

Bangkok, Thailand; Singapore, and Paro, Bhutan. It is said to be being developed as a standby to the Kolkata airport. Gaya Airport is served by Indian Airlines for domestic flights and Sri Lankan Airlines, Mihin Lanka, Drukair, Jet airways and Indian Airlines for international flights. Thai Airways flies non stop between Bangkok and Gaya. The distance of Gaya airport to National Heritage site "Bodh Gaya" is about 5 Kilometers. Cuisine The staple food of Gaya is common to the rest of Bihar and Jharkhand. The other special preparations found in Gaya are typically traditional Bihari food. The most popular of them include sattu, litti, pittha, pua, marua-ka-roti, bari-dal, sattu-ka-roti, baigan-bharta, sukhaota, etc. Sweets Gaya has been the origin of several sweet delicacies popular in the whole of Bihar, Jharkhand and the rest of India. Tilkut, Kesaria Peda, Lai, Anarsa of Ramana road and tekari road are the most popular sweets that bear the trademark of Gaya. Tilkut being the most popular of them is prepared using til or sesame seeds (Sesamum Indicum) and jaggery or sugar. It is a seasonal (winter) sweet and only the karigars (workers) from Gaya are believed to impart the real taste of Tilkut. One can find Tilkuts carrying the label "Ramna, Gaya" even in far flung places like Kolkata and Delhi. Ramna and Tekari Road are the areas in the city where every other house is a Tilkut factory. Kesaria peda is yet another delicious sweet prepared from khoya (solid milk cream) and kesar (saffron). The Chowk area of the city specializes in Kesaria Peda production. There are several varieties of Lai available in Bihar, including Lai from Gaya. The main component of this Lai is Ram dana seeds. These ram danas are processed and mixed with koya and sugar to give rise to a disk shaped sweet. Anarsa is also based on khoya, but is deep fried and processed with sugar. Anarsa comes in two shapes 'thin disk' and 'spherical'. The sweet is finally embedded with til (sesame) toppings. These sweets are dry and hence easily packagable, preserved, and transported, unlike the Bengali sweets which are soaked in sugar syrups. There is a tradition among the residents to gift the visitors with these sweets when they depart, as a token of love. Beside this in Gaya one should must try roadside eateries like Aloo ka Chaloo & Chaat. Aloo ka Chaloo is made up of boiled potatoes sprinkled with red chilly powder and jeera powder, salt and tamarind water. One can easily find such joints outside schools and colleges as it is favourite of kids and teenagers. Snacks The people of Gaya are fond of spicy-sour traditional snacks. There are certain snacks that are found only in Gaya. The most popular among them are Samosa Chat, Alu-Kachalu and Sabudana-Badam Bhoonja,,aalu chaat. Sabudana-Badam Bhoonja is a dry snack that is unique to the Gaya city. It is a mixture of fried sabudana (sago) and fried badam (groundnut or moongfali is called badam or sometime chiniya-badam in Bihar) along with salt (both white and black), chilly powder and jeera

(cumin seeds) powder. The mobile bhoonja vendors shouting humorous slogans can be found in every bylane of the Gaya city during the twilight hours. Chanajor garam is one of the most spicy snacks made up of black gram and traditional(typical)masala,being served with lemon juice and typical powder. Chinese Foods are also becoming popular here now. Education Map of Gaya. Most of the government-run schools in Gaya (notably Zila School, Haridas Seminary - also known as Town School, Theosophical Model School, Gaya High School, Anugrah Kanya Vidayalaya, Mahaveer School, Qasmi High School and Hadi Hashmi School, Government Girls High School) are affiliated to Bihar School Examination Board. There are two Central Schools (Kendriya Vidyalaya) affiliated with the Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan, New Delhi. Most of the private schools are affiliated to ICSE and CBSE boards.The major ones being Banshi Dhar Shishu Niketan, Creane Memorial High School, Nazareth Academy, D.A.V Public School Medical Road, Gyan Bharti Public school, D.A.V Public School Cantonment Area, D.A.V. Public School Gaya-Nawada Road, Shatabdi Public School (Katari Hill Road), Greenfield Public School, Sir Syed Memorial School Bhadeya, Elegant Public School, Iqra Public School Formerly Iqra Academy (New Karimganj)Nagmatia Affiliated to CBSE Delhi ,MDA Public School (Bitho Sharif) and many more. Nazareth Academy is one of the oldest schools, which is managed by a US based congregation called 'Sisters of Charity of Nazareth'.Gyan Bharti public school is one of the best school in town. The government-run public schools lack many facilities, but are the only options for the poor who cannot afford the fees in private schools.Gyan Niketan school welcome-tourist.com/school.htm is a single school in north side of Bodhgaya who provides free education to 200 students surrounded by more than five villages. The only university at Gaya is Magadh University (largest university of Bihar) located near Bodhgaya established by educationist and the then Education Minister S N Sinha. Gaya has several colleges with graduate and post-graduate courses offered in sciences, arts, commerce, management and Computer Applications. The well known ones include Gaya College (NAAC accredited with Grade-A), Anugrah Memorial College, Jagjivan College, Mirza Ghalib College. Gautam Buddha Mahila College (GBM College) is exclusively meant for women. Anugraha Narayan Magadh Medical College and Hospital (ANMMCH)[8] is the medical college in Gaya. Gaya has an Industrial Training Institute for vocational education located on Bodhgaya Road Bodh Gaya Bodh Gaya or Bodhgaya (Hindi: ) is a religious site and place of pilgrimage associated with the Mahabodhi Temple Complex in Gaya district in the Indian state of Bihar. It is famous for being the place of Gautama Buddha's attainment of Enlightenment, known by the Buddhist as Bodhimandala.

The name Bodh Gaya did not come into use until the 18th century. Historically, it was known as Uruvela, Sambodhi, Vajrasana or Mahabodhi.[1] The main monastery of Bodh Gaya used to be called the Bodhimanda-vihra (Pali). Now it is called the Mahabodhi Temple. For Buddhists, Bodh Gaya is the most important of the main four pilgrimage sites related to the life of Gautama Buddha, the other three being Kushinagar, Lumbini, and Sarnath. In 2002, Mahabodhi Temple, located in Bodh Gaya, became a UNESCO World Heritage Site.[2] The surrounding town, by contrast, is dusty and somewhat noisy.[3] A new development plan has been proposed to "ensure a sustainable and prosperous future" for Bodh Gaya, but has become controversial because such a plan may require the relocation of whole neighborhoods.[4] Contents * 1 History * 2 Mahabodhi Temple * 3 Other Buddhist temples * 4 Geography * 5 Demographics * 6 Transportation * 7 Airport History A small temple beneath the Bodhi tree, Bodh Gaya, built in 7th century, after the original built by Mauryan Emperor Ashoka in 3rd century BC, ca. 1810[5] Pilgrimage to Buddha's Holy Sites Dharma Wheel.svg The Four Main Sites Lumbini Bodh Gaya Sarnath Kushinagar Four Additional Sites Sravasti Rajgir Sankissa Vaishali Other Sites Patna Gaya Kosambi Kapilavastu Devadaha Kesariya Pava Nalanda Varanasi Later Sites Sanchi Mathura Ellora Ajanta Vikramshila

Ratnagiri Udayagiri Bharhut Barabar Caves view talk edit Offerings found in Bodh Gaya under the "Enlightenment Throne of the Buddha", with a decorated coin of the Kushan emperor Huvishka, 3rd century CE. According to Buddhist traditions, circa 500 BC Prince Gautama Siddhartha, wandering as an ascetic, reached the sylvan banks of Falgu River, near the city of Gaya. There he sat in meditation under a bodhi tree (Ficus religiosa). After three days and three nights of meditation, Siddharta attained enlightenment and insight, and the answers that he had sought. He then spent seven weeks at seven different spots in the vicinity meditating and considering his experience. After seven weeks, he travelled to Sarnath, where he began teaching Buddhism. Disciples of Gautama Siddhartha began to visit the place where he had gained enlightenment during the full moon in the month of Vaisakh (April-May), as per the Hindu calendar. Over time, the place became known as Bodh Gaya, the day of enlightenment as Buddha Purnima, and the tree as the Bodhi Tree. The history of Bodh Gaya is documented by many inscriptions and pilgrimage accounts. Foremost among these are the accounts of the Chinese pilgrims Faxian in the 5th century and Xuanzang in the 7th century. The area was at the heart of a Buddhist civilization for centuries, until it was conquered by Turkish armies in the 13th century. Mahabodhi Temple Mahabodhi temple Main article: Mahabodhi Temple The complex, located about 96 kilometres from Patna, at 244143N 845938E / 24.69528N 84.99389E / 24.69528; 84.99389,[6] contains the Mahabodhi Temple with the diamond throne (called the Vajrasana) and the holy Bodhi tree. This tree was originally a sapling of the Sri Maha Bodhi tree in Sri Lanka, itself grown from a sapling of the original Bodhi tree. It is believed that 250 years after the Enlightenment of the Buddha, Emperor Asoka visited Bodh Gaya. He is considered to be the founder of the original Mahabodhi temple. It consisted of an elongated spire crowned by a miniature stupa and a chhatravali on a platform. A double flight of steps led up to the platform and the upper sanctum. The mouldings on the spire contained Buddha images in niches. Some historians believe that the temple was constructed or renovated in the 1st century during the Kushan period. With the decline of Buddhism in India, the temple was abandoned and forgotten, buried under layers of soil and sand. The temple was later restored by Sir Alexander Cunningham as part of his work for the British Archaeological Society in the late 19th century. In 1883, Cunningham along with J. D. Beglar and Dr Rajendralal Miitra painstakingly excavated the site. Extensive renovation work was carried out to restore Bodh Gaya to its former glory. Other Buddhist temples

Kittisirimegha of Sri Lanka, a contemporary of Samudragupta, erected with the permission of Samudragupta, a Sanghrma near the Mahbodhi-vihra, chiefly for the use of the Singhalese monks who went to worship the Bodhi tree. The circumstances in connection with the Sanghrma are given by Hiouen Thsang (Beal, op. cit., 133ff) who gives a description of it as seen by himself. It was probably here that Buddhaghosa met the Elder Revata who persuaded him to come to Ceylon. Several Buddhist temples and monasteries have been built by the people of Bhutan, China, Japan, Myanmar, Nepal, Sikkim, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet and Vietnam in a wide area around the Mahabodhi Temple. These buildings reflect the architectural style, exterior and interior decoration of their respective countries. The statue of Buddha in the Chinese temple is 200 years old and was brought from China. Japan's Nippon temple is shaped like a pagoda. The Myanmar (Burmese) temple is also pagoda shaped and is reminiscent of Bagan. The Thai temple has a typical sloping, curved roof covered with golden tiles. Inside, the temple holds a massive and spectacular bronze statue of Buddha. Next to the Thai temple is 25 meter statue of Buddha [7] located within a garden which has existed there for over 100 years. Geography Bodh Gaya stands on the banks of the Niranjana River (now called Lilanjan)[8] Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[9] Bodh Gaya had a population of 30,883. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Bodh Gaya has an average literacy rate of 51%, lower than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 63% and female literacy of 38%. 18% of the population is under 6 years of age. Transportation * The Bihar State Tourism Development provides travel facility from Patna to Bodh Gaya. * Bodh Gaya to Varanasi Bus service (INR. 400) * Varanasi to Kathmandu Bus service (INR. 1000) Airport 5 kilometres from Bodhgaya is the Gaya Airport, also known as Bodhgaya Airport. Dobhi Dobhi is a town in Gaya district in the Indian state of Bihar. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 Transport Geography Dobhi is located at 2432N 8455E / 24.53N 84.91E / 24.53; 84.91. It has an average elevation of 67 metres (220 ft).[1] Transport Dobhi is on NH 2 (Grand Trunk Road). It is also the junction point for NH 83, which connects to Bodh Gaya, 22 kilometres (14 mi), Gaya and Patna, 130 kilometres (81 mi), and

also NH 99, which connects to Chatra and Chandwa in Jharkhand. Sherghati is 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) to the west and Barhi is to the east on NH 2. Gola Bazar Gola Bazar is a mohalla in Sherghati sub division of Gaya District in Bihar. This is the main market for the villagers that come from the surrounding villages of Sherghati.It can be regarded as the backbone of sherghati's whole economy, operated by a bunch of millionaire businessmen. It is the location of the Sheo Naryan Flour and Oil Mills that used to function a few decade back in Sherghati. Pramod Alankar jeweler is one of the oldest jewelry shop in Manpur Manpur is a block in Gaya District, India. The town is famous for hand looms and railway sleeper factory. Partly situated on the banks of falgu river,a seasonal stream. It is a country side town where the people from the remote villages do their shopping. The main market is often called as Manpur Bazaar. The main occupation of the people are business and hand loom. It is sometimes also called as mini-Kanpur. But now, the minds of the parents are changing and they are providing better education for their children. For example: Patwatoli, a muhalla in Manpur, has produced 48 Indian Institutes of Technology entrants between 1991 and 2006. Moke Village Moke Village is a village under Konch block of Bihar state. This is the biggest village of Bhumihar Brahmin community. This village is situated near Tekari[1]. Tekari is a subdivision [2] One canal called Sone Canal System passes through the village, which helps to irrigate the agricultural land. Rice, pulses and sugar cane are produced from the land. As the village does not have a sugar mill, agriculturalists convert the sugar cane into boiled sugar or raw sugar. The Election census code is 03966000 The Konch Block has the following villages:1 Achuki 2 Adai 3 Alpa 4 Amra 5 Angra 6 Ansara 7 Anti 8 Barai 9 Bargawan 10 Barhauna 11 Basatpur 12 Bedauli 13 Bham 14 Bhikhanpur 15 Bijahari

16 Birnawan 17 Bishunathpur 18 Chainpur 19 Chandaini 20 Chechaura 21 Chobra 22 Daulatpur 23 Daurawan 24 Dhan Chhuha 25 Dhan Chhuhi 26 Dharahra 27 Dhibri 28 Digghi 29 Ekariya 30 Gangti 31 Gauharpur 32 Gen Bigha 33 Ghoraha 34 Gorkati 35 Hasanpur 36 Huse Chak 37 Jagdishpur 38 Jahana 39 Kabar 40 Kachanpur 41 Kailash Math 42 Kairiya Madanpur 43 Kalyanpur 44 Kanaudi 45 Karai 46 Kasturi Khap 47 Kathutia 48 Kauriya 49 Ker 50 Khabhra 51 Khaira 52 Khajuri 53 Khatnahi 54 Korap 55 Kunin 56 Lodipur

57 Madanpur 58 Majathi 59 Majhiawan 60 Mithapur 61 Mok 62 Murera 63 Nasirpur 64 Nehura 65 Newdhi 66 Nighai 67 Nimri 68 Pakri 69 Palanki 70 Panda Bigha 71 Pardhana 72 Parrawan 73 Parsanwan 74 Rajaura 75 Rampur 76 Rewara Pakar 77 Rupaspur 78 Salempur 79 Salono Bigha 80 Sarbahada 81 Shahganj 82 Siari 83 Simra 84 Simrahua 85 Tineri 86 Tuturkhi 87 Usas 88 Wahab Chak This is also one of the village where the basic amenities of life has not reached. There is no proper road. No dispensary and no electricity.Therefore this is a perfect village which to be taken by NGO. The village needs a proper college and good shops. The block office is still maintaining the old land records in a physical form. The records need to be digitally stored for which finds need to be released by the Bihar government. Paharpur Paharpur is a census town in Gaya district in the Indian state of Bihar. Demographics

As of 2001[update] India census[1], Paharpur had a population of 5758. Males constitute 68% of the population and females 32%. Paharpur has an average literacy rate of 78%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 84%, and female literacy is 64%. In Paharpur, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age. Salempur Salempur is a modern village under Tekari sub-division, dist Gaya, in the state of Bihar in eastern India. Salempur has been long famous for its prosperity under Tekari Raj. It is located near to the bank of river Morhar. Salempur is predominantly Kayastha (in specific Ambashtha) dominated village. Contents * 1 Demographics * 2 Educational Centre * 3 Occupation * 4 Climate Demographics As of record [1] Salempur had a population of 372. Males constitute 49% of the population and females 51%. Average literacy is approximately 100%, much much higher than the national average of 59.5%. Educational Centre People at Salempur has given special preference to education. Since its close proximity to Tekari, so most of the people educated at state prestigious Tekari Raj School. In addition to this, Salempur also have government middle school named Late Rameshwar Govt Middle School. This school was donated by a socialist and resident of Salempur Late Shri Rameshwar Prasad.However, the land for the school was jointly donated by Late Shri Rameshwar Prasad and his youngest brother Late Shri Sheo Govind Prasad. Occupation Agriculture is the major of source of income for the resident of village Salempur. Climate The climate of Salempur is tropical. Summers are generally hot (April-June), while winters are cool (October-February). It experiences southwestern monsoon rains from July to September. Sherghati Sherghati (formerly Shergotty) is a subdivision-level town of the Gaya district in Bihar, India. The Morhar River surrounds it; that is why the length of the city is much more than the width. An origin story says that Sher Shah Suri, formerly known as Farid Khan, had hunted a lion at this very place; subsequently Farid was known as Sher Khan, and when he became the ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, defeating Humayun, became Sher Shah. During British rule, Sherghati was a place of administrative importance as a Commissionary headquarters. The economy of the town is based on trade. Sherghati is a famous market of crops. The farmers of the neighbouring village come to sell their farm produce, and traders of crops buy

them. N.H. 2 passes through the town. This road is also known as Grand Trunk Road, touching Calcutta on the one side and Pashawar (Pakistan) on the other side. This road was renovated in 2007 under the Golden Quadrilateral Project of the Government of India. The place is also famous for freedom fighters. During the Indian Independence struggle, the residents of Sherghati contributed to the movement. The Zamindars of the town contributed by donating land during the Bhudan Movement. There is one remarkable geographical incident associated with Sherghat. A meteorite fell here in 1865; it is now kept in a London museum and is known as the Shergotty meteorite. Contents * 1 History * 2 Geography * 3 Industries * 4 Land reforms * 5 Demographics * 6 Health Services * 7 Education History For centuries, until the accession of Akbar to the throne of Delhi, Sherghati had been inhabited by the adivasis that continue to live in the southern state of Jharkhand. The Kol community constituted the majority of the adivasi population of Sherghati. Remains of the fort of the Kol rulers. One of the boundaries of the fort is visible in this picture. According to the legend, when Aurangzeb attacked Sherghati after conquering Aurngabad, the brave Kols of Sherghati stopped the Mughal army at the bank of Morhar river and did not let them enter the borders of Sherghati. The two brave soldiers of the Mughal army under the Aurangzeb's rule, Quamar Ali and Sultan Ali were brought to death by the Kols. they were entombed river side near Hamzapur. Now this place is worshiped by both the Hindus and the Muslims. This is probably one the reasons why the towns that come after Sherghati while coming from Aurngabad retain their original adivasi names (Gamhariya,Dobhi, Barachatti, Chauparan, etc.). Later, during the British Raj these adivasis were involved in a series of revolts against the British. In 1934, a minor earthquake occurred in Sherghati but did not do much damage. In 1976, Sherghati was hit by a huge flood that claimed around 5-10 percent of the total area of Sherghati. The famous staircase well and the old jail-khana were submerged in that calamity. Geography Sherghati is located at 2434N 8447E / 24.57N 84.78E / 24.57; 84.78[1]. It has an average elevation of 121 metres (396 feet). Sherghati is the southern most major town of Bihar. It shares the common boundary with the Chatra district of Jharkhand. The thick forest belt of Jharkhand loses its presence while we reach Sherghati. It has two main rivers one is Morhar and the other is called Sorhar (boodhi

nadi) or the old river. on bank of that river one village name mahmadpur settled, in that village Road , Electricity available . in 1995 village is connected to Telephone line. Industries Like most of the towns in Bihar, Sherghati is prominently dominated by agri-based industries. The major cash crops produced here are rice, wheat, pulses, groundnut and sugar cane. Industrialization of this area, as is the case with most of Bihar, has largely been neglected by the successive state and central governments. The major reason for the private sector not participating in the process is the lack of basic facilities like electricity, irrigation and roads. Electricity, for example, is available for only 6 to 8 hours per day. This statistic is as per the present scenario, earlier (before 2000) it used to be 2 to 4 hours per day, with several days without any supply. The top two photographs are of the ruins Sheo Narayan Flour and Oil Mills. The bottom two photographs at the bottom are of the ruins of Arya Steel Udyog (functional till the mid 1900s) that produced iron and steel based equipments for the local agri-based industries. Around forty to fifty years back, the condition of industries in this area was far better comparatively. Since at that time most of the Indian villages did not have access to electricity, the cost of production for industries in Sherghati was almost the same as in other villages. But as soon as electricity reached the remote villages in other parts of the country, the industrialists (though small-scale) in Sherghati faced fierce competition from them, and this led to the closure of industries that had just started to flourish in this area. One typical example is the closure of Sheo Narayan Flour and Oil Mills, which was situated in the Gola Bazar area of Sherghati. It was started in the 1950s by Ram Sharan Prasad Arya, a local businessman. At that time there were only two or three oil mills in the entire Gaya District. The entire plant was imported from England via Calcutta. But the functioning of the mill was finally stopped in the 1980s after a series of interruptions. At present there is probably no industry (even small-scale) in Sherghati that can boast of a considerable growth rate. Although Sherghati has potential to grow on this front, it still lacks in law and order implementation. Now some development witnessed the progress of the area especially in the communication. Entrepreneurship is the up and coming major employment sector of the area, and there are a few success stories. Land reforms Sherghati has always been in the news for Communist uprisings in the area. Sherghati is the home of various extremist organizations like Naxalites, MCC (Maoist Communist Centre), PWG (Peoples War Group), etc. and their counterparts, the Ranvir Sena. In 1952, the Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act was passed, and a large portion of the Sherghati Estate (Darbar House), which was owned by Babu Panchratan Lal, Babu Brijmohan Lal and Shiv Prasad Rauniyar,Awadh gupta nana of sumit prakash was handed over to the government. They were the zamindars of Sherghati region and occupied a lot of land in the area.still the famous and rich area of sherghati is darbar house(SPA) But the discontent of the underprivileged, landless and the unemployed sections remained even after the reforms. The crumbling industries give rise to extreme unemployment, in

addition to the rapidly growing population. These people mostly belong to the SC/ST or the OBC. In most cases, they join the extremist organizations, mentioned earlier, as an alternative to earn their livelihoods. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[2], Sherghati had a population of 32,358. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Sherghati has an average literacy rate of 56%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 62%, and female literacy is 56%. In Sherghati, 19% of the population is under 6 years of age. Health Services There are many doctors and nursing homes in Sherghati. 1. Mishra Nursing Home - Situated in the Naya Bazar area of the city, it is the only maternity center which has all the modern facilities such as Sonography, Autoanalyser as well as wellequipped Operation Room and Labour Room. Doctors serving here are Dr. Suman Kumar Mishra and Dr.(Mrs.) Pratibha Dwivedi. 2. Dr. Choudhary Rajnandan Prasad - He is a well known pediatrician of Sherghati. 3. Dr. Arjun Choudhary - One of noted ophthalmologist of the area. He is also an Asst. Professor of Ophthalmology dept. in ANMCH, Gaya. 4. Dr. Sahabuddin - A noted general physician. Education The condition of the education machinery in Sherghati has become slightly better (at least at the school level) since the DAV Public School opened its branch in the town (around 1992). In spite of the dreary education system in Sherghati, there have been people who went places in search of higher studies. Aditya Prasad (of the Sherghati Darbar House) was among the first in the town to get a degree in engineering, in London in 1924. Subodh Kumar Gupta I.A.S. Jharkhand Cadre and noted storyteller Prabhat Manjudarshi also hail from the Darbar House family. Schools * Dr Zaheer Tishna Memorial School (co-educaion) * BMC School, Ramna * Royal Public School * Ranglal High School * DAV Public School (co-education) * Rajkiya Abhyaas Buniyadi Vidyalay (Basic School) * Gurukul Residential School * Little Flower School * Prakash Vidyalay * Anugrah Narayan Shahdev High School (Gamhariya) * Zenith Publick School (Gamhariya) * Urdu Publick School ( Gamhariya ) * Ramlal & Syam Lal Sanskrit Vidyalaya (Mahmadpur) * Gyan Deep Public School

Girls' schools * Manorama Kanya Pathshala * Girls High School Training schools * District Training School (for teachers) Colleges * Mahant Shatanand Giri college Tekari Tekari is a city and a municipality in Gaya district in the Indian state of Bihar and was the centre of erstwhile Tekari Raj. Maharaja Gopalsaran, a Bhumihar Brahmin, was the king of this area in British times. The fort is still there. It is a place of tourist's interest. Some of the nearby villages are Mow, Jhilmil,Jainandan Bigha (Bihar) (home of Sri Jagroop Yadav, Sirpunch Sahab), Jalalpur, Lodipur, Chiraali, Rewai Garh, Rakasiya 6 km NONI, Sheonagar, Parariya. Contents * 1 The name 'Tekari' * 2 Geography * 3 Demographics * 4 Ruins of Tekari Fort * 5 Tekari Raj Inter High School The name 'Tekari' In South Bihar, the most prominent representative of Bhumihar Brahmin was the Tekari family, whose great estate in Gaya dates back to the early 18th century.[1] In Moghul period, Tekari was evolved as a rich estate, protected by Bhumihar Brahmin Kings, were a part of the Moghul Kingdom. Royal emblem of the Kingdom of Tekari: A pigeon attacking over an eagle sat on the perch of a tree. Pundits concluded, "this jungle of tetri's (Tetri, a kind of tree) is the place where the fort should be made," and declared it very lucky. Tetri, vis--vis Tekari. (Tekari used to be a popular place name during Muslim period). It perhaps indicated a place office for local administration and tax collection and residence of local chief. It also have been a market place. Maharaja Hit Narayan Singh of Tekari was said to have been "a man of a religious turn of mind... who became an ascetic and left his vast property in the hands of his wife" shortly after inheriting a lion's share of the estate in the 1840s.[2] Geography Tekari is located at 2456N 8450E / 24.93N 84.83E / 24.93; 84.83.[3] It has an average elevation of 82 metres (269 feet). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[4] Tekari had a population of 17,615. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Tekari has an average literacy rate of 66%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 74%, and female literacy is 57%. In Tekari, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Ruins of Tekari Fort This is a historic place to be seen in Tekari viz 7aanaa Kila and 9 aanaa Kila, that constitute the famous fort of Tekari which is surrounded by water canal. Tekari Raj Inter High School This red brick building, for more than hundred years, the temple of learning, is the landmark of the town. It was funded by the mother of Maharaja Gopal Saran since 1876. Captain Gopal Sharan fought in the first World War who was also the last owner of Tekari Raj. Jehanabad district Jehanabad district is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar state, India, and Jehanabad town is the administrative headquarters of this district. Jehanabad district is a part of Magadh Division. This district is 45 k.m nearby of Patna, the capital of Bihar. Jehanabad is located on the confluence of two small rivers called Dardha and Yamunaiya. It is the heartland of Magadha and local dialect is called Magahi. The district has been in the national news mostly for the news related to Naxalite violence. The area is however developing now and the services sector is gaining ground in the district. Area: 1,569 km Population: Total: 1174900 Rural: 1100430 Urban: 74470 Agriculture: Paddy, Wheat, Lentils Rivers : Falgu, Dardha, Yamunaiya Contents * 1 History * 2 Divisions * 3 See also * 4 References * 5 External links History The territory of the present-day district became Jehanabad sub-division of Gaya district in 1872. The district came into existence on 1 August, 1986. The Barabar Caves are the oldest surviving rock-cut caves in India, mostly dating from the Mauryan period (322185 BCE), and some with Ashokan inscriptions, located in the Jehanabad District. Divisions The district comrises only one sub-division Jehanbad, which is further divided into seven sub-divisions: Jehanaad, Kako, Modananj, Ghosi, Hulasganj, arwa. Jehanabad is a city and a municipality in and the headquarters of Jehanabad district in the Indian state of Bihar. Earlier, Jehanabad was part of Gaya district. It is 50 km away from both Patna and Gaya. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Jehanabad had a population of 81,723. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Jehanabad has an average literacy rate of 63%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 70%, and female literacy is 54%.

In Jehanabad, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age. Now jehanabad is divided in to two parts, one is jehanabad other is arwal. Natural Resources The rivers- Falgu, Dardha, Jamuna and Morhar flow by crossing the district's plan topography. The river Falgu has got religious importance where 'PIND DAN' is offered to their forefather's by the Hindus. All these rivers are mainly rainfed, have a meagre discharge in the other parts of the year and go dry in the summers. As far as minerals are concerned, the district has only minor ones. The sand available with the river beds in the major part of the year is collected and transported to other parts of the district besides to the adjoining districts and is useful in construction work. The hills of Barabar are being quarried for stones, which are utilised by 36 Crusher units, spread mainly across the Makhdumpur block. Barabar is a great tourist place of India. It has also a great history from the time of great samrat Ashok. Other religious places are the Mahavir Mandir, Babhana (2 km west from Jehanabad town) and Shri RamBag, Shahpur (5 km south-west from Jehanabad town). It is one of the most popular religious place of India. The soil is alluvial-textured brown gray which cracks open in the dry season and gets very sticky in the rains and the mud tracks become unmotorable during that period. The fertility is reasonably good. The forest cover of the district is small: 10.3 square kilometres, which is mainly concentrated near the Barabar Hills. They belong to the category of reserve forests. Human resources There are about 111,000 cultivators including 92138 small and marginal farmers, 178,000 agricultural labourers, 7969 skilled labours, 5075 house hold entrepreneurs and 95755 are engaged in allied agro business. The total population in the working age group is 358723 out of which there are 236199 males and 122534 females. Infrastructure The district is linked to the bigger cities of Patna & Gaya both by road and rail route. The recently electrified Patna-Gaya branch railway line (P.G. line) traverses through the district and links the Grand Chord with Patna. There are four railway stations- Jehanabad, Court, Tehta and Makhdumpur in the 31 km long stretch of the railways. National Highway No. 83 comes from Patna via Masaurhi, goes directly to Gaya through Makhdumpur and runs almost parallel to the railway line. There is a network of PWD roads and REO roads across the district, albeit in a bad shape. The total length of surfaced roads is 541.65 km and mud tracks is 450.90 km. The district has wide network of markets dealing mainly with grains and vegetables. Major centers of trade and commerce are located in Jehanabad, Ghosi, Kako and Makhdumpur. Besides in rural areas hats function usually once in the week. The trade consists mainly of export of oil seeds, rice, gur, stone chips and vegetables. The principal imports are coal, cement and other construction materials, clothes, K. oil, tea, tobacco, fresh fruits and other perishable/ non perishable consumer goods. The telecommunication network in the district is good. The whole of the district is either covered by basic or mobile/WLL phones. There are two WLL towers at Kako and

Makhdumpur with 1500 line capacity, two mobile phone towers at Jehanabad and Ghoshi having capacity of 3100 lines and 14 exchanges for basic phone lines. The details have been provided in the annexures. Nawada district Nawada district is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar state, India, and Nawada town is the administrative headquarters of this district. The district was part of famous Magadh, Sunga and Gupta empires. It is located between historical districts of Nalanda and Gaya and falls under Magadha Commissionary. Contents * 1 History * 2 Geography o 2.1 Administrative divisions * 3 Agriculture and industry * 4 Tourist places * 5 Transport * 6 References History Nawada is a beautiful and important place in the state of Bihar. Before coming into existence as a new district, Nawada was a Part within Gaya District. Historians established on the basis of analysis of evidence, that this place was a reputed religious center for the Hindus in the period of Pal. The ruler of that time was fond of making temples and other religious spots. It is one of the reasons that there are so many temples and other religious places within this region. Some significant temples and religious spots within the district are Sobhnath, Sankat Mochan, and Gonawa Jal Mandir. Nawada is bounded by Gaya, Sheikhpura, Nalanda (Biharsharif) and Jamui. Geography The Nawada district occupies an area of 2,492 km2 and has a population of 1,809,425 (as of 2001). The district capital is located at Nawada town. Most parts of the district are plain but certain areas have hilly characteristics. * Rivers: Sakri, Khuri,Panchane, Tilaiya * Population Statistics: o Total: 1,359,694 o Rural: 1,265,138 o Urban: 94,556 Administrative divisions * Sub divisions: Nawadah, Rajauli * Blocks: Kawakol, Warisaliganj, Nawadah, Rajouli, Akbarpur, Hisua, Narhat, Govindpur, Pakribarawan, Sirdalla, Kasichak, Roh, Nardiganj, Meskaur Agriculture and industry Main Crops: Paddy, wheat, Pulses, vegetables Industries: Bidi factories, Sugar mills

The district had good sugarcane farming activities though the single sugar mill of the district located in Warisaliganj is currently not functioning. Kadirganj, located 10 km from Nawada, has a very old and famous silk small scale industry where many workers carry out the activities of cleaning and weaving of silk. It has commercial and trading linkages with Bhagalpur, a city famous for its silk business including export of silk from India. Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd has identified Rajauli in Nawada district of Bihar as the possible site for creating additional 2,000-mW nuclear capacity in the state. The Central Electricity Authority's site selection committee, which recently visited the site, is expected to submit its report within a month[when?]. Future course of action will entirely depend on this report. Tourist places * Kakolat Waterfall: It is a picturesque waterfall in Nawada district, popular with tourists due to its scenic surroundings. The falls also play a role in Hindu mythology, when according to legend an ancient king was turned into a python by a rishi's curse and lived within the falls. This is one of the best waterfall in India. Water of this fall is cold in whole year.The better season for tourist is summer. It can be reached from Nawada-AkbarpurGovindpur road. Thali villege is nearest mile stone. Aroad goes from there to Kakolat. * Rajauli: Rajauli is surrounded by small green mountains, which makes it environment rich. Passing through the Rajauli Ghat (that is, the Rajauli pass), a sprawling road from Rajauli takes one to the heights of the Chota Nagpur Plateau and ends at Kodarma and Jhumri Tilaiya, moving onwards to Hazaribagh and Ranchi. * Sekho Devra Ashram: Sarvodaya Ashram was established here in kawakole block by Jaiprakash Narayan popularly called JP.The Asram was inaugurated by Dr. Rajendra Prasad, India first President of India. Reportedly, he had visited Rajauli for rest and recuperation. * Hariya Sun Temple: Located in Hariya village under Nardiganj block, the temple is centre of devotion for the people in this area. Water of the pond nearby this temple is treated as sacred and having curative power for the TB patients. Many gather here for chhat puja as it has special importance. * Baba Majaar and Hanuman Temple (SANKAT MOCHAN): Located on NH 31, a shrine of Hazret Saiyyad Sah Jalaluddin Bukhari and a Hanuman temple is the symbol of communal harmony. Foundation day of temple is celebrated on Akshay Tritiya (third day of Hindu calendar month Baisakh). The urs is celebrated just after Urs at Ajmer. * Sitamarhi Temple: * Jama Masjid Amanwan * Jarra Baba :- Located in Sirdalla, beside police station Sirdalla. It is famous for fulfilling the wishes. It is supposed that no temple should be made here. * Hanuman Mandir, it is situated at nawada nearest Kendua village. * MAA BAGESHWARI MANDIR : Located in Jamuyama, in 3 km of Jamui road of nawada in side of Sakri river. it is biggest temle and oldest temple of Nawada District (SUBHASH KUMAR PINTU, JAMUYAMA NAWADA) *JAMAL TAKIYA: it is situated on pachrukhi, akbarpur.MANI

Transport National highway 31 is passing from nawada by which it is directly connected with big cities like Ranchi, Jamshedpur, Bokaro, Dhanbad, Bihar Sharif and Patna. Delux buses are available from Nawada for all major cities and for patna at every half an hour. It connects two major railway stations Gaya jn and Kiul jn by Gaya-Kiul line. 2 Express trains and Several local trains are running in this railway line via nawada. It has got one of the best local market in Nawada district. Rajauli and Sirdalla is emerging as s significant market hub for the hinterland regions bordering the Jharkhand state. Rajauli and Sirdalla has also produced many professionals including physicians, surgeons, engineers who are working in many parts of India. Through sirdalla a roadway is there to connect it with Gaya (mostly known as 'Bodhgaya'). Nawada is a city and a municipality in and headquarters of Nawada district in the Indian state of Bihar. Nawada is a beautiful and important place in the state of Bihar. Before coming into existence as a new district, Nawada was a Part of Gaya District. Many historians believed that this place was a reputed religious center for the Hindus in the period of Pal. The ruler of that time was fond of making Temples and other religious spots. It is one of the reasons that there are so many temples and other religious places within this region. Some significant temples and religious spots within the district are Sobhnath, Sankat Mochan, Gonawa Jal Mandir, etc. Nawada is bounded by Gaya, Sheikhpura, Biharsharif and Jamui . Contents * 1 Geography * 2 Demographics * 3 Transportation * 4 Blocks * 5 Education Point * 6 Nawada Computer Shop * 7 National Academy of Rural Action (NARA) * 8 Famous Personalities * 9 References * 10 External links Geography Nawada is located at 2453N 8532E / 24.88N 85.53E / 24.88; 85.53[1]. It has an average elevation of 80 metres (262 feet). Kakolat Fall is a popular fall in Bihar. Many people come from different places in India for picnics in the summer season. It is 24 km far from Nawada Town. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[2], Nawada had a population of 82,291. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Nawada has an average literacy rate of 65%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 71%, and female literacy is 59%. In Nawada, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age.Baranwal,sahu,Jain are the big

communities here. National Highway-31(connects Ranchi to Patna) passes through the town and it is also connected by rail as it is on gaya-kiul oxilliary line.it is an ancient place and spiritually important for Jainism and have a relation with the history of Mahabharat. There is Jalmandir and gunawan jee mandir related to Jainism. It is a spiritually sound place and pawapuri-tirthankar mahavir's nirwan sthal, gaya, bodh gaya, rajgir and nalanda is very near places of historical importance. The main crops harvested are paddy, wheat, pulses, and mustard. The language is basically Magahi a sub-language to Hindi. It is 105 km from Patna and 60 km from Gaya. Kakolat(a beautiful waterfall) is exactly 27 km from Nawada town.people love to go kakolat in summer season.Another story about Kakolat Kund(above the hill)is that the Lord Krishna Used to go there with his queen.Nawada is the main market place for most of the small villages around.The old name of Nawada(1895) is 'The Eliot Market(bazar)'. Transportation Nawada is well connected to the major cities like Patna, Ranchi, Jamshedpur, Bokaro, Dhanbad, Kolkata by road. It is also connected to cities like Gaya, Munger (Jamalpur), Bhagalpur, Kolkata (Howrah junction) etc. by train. It is on NH 31 Blocks Nawada Block _Name 1. Nawada 2. Warsaliganj 3. Kasichak 4. Pakriwarma 5. Kowakole 6. Roh 7. Akbarpur 8. Govindpur 9. Rajauli 10. Sirdala 11. Hisua 12. Mescaur 13. Narhat 14. Nardigan Education Point 'School' * K.H.S School,Nawada * jawahar Navodaya vidyalaya rewar (most famous) * The HNK High School, Daud salim public school, * Jeevan Deep Public School, * Gyaan Bharti Public School. * High School Hisua, Nawada * Little Flower School.

* S G B K Sahu School, Warisaliganj * Gandhi Inter School, Nawada * ST. Joseph School ,Nawada * Sir Hind Garden School, Ansar Nagar, Nawada, * Sri Satendra Narayan singh High School,NATIONAL PUBLICSCHOOL, * Manas Bharti Educational Complex, Behind Of Civil Court,Nawada. * Gyan Deep Public School , Ansar Nagar Nawada (Ved Prakash badal) * Middle School Roh, Near P.S. Roh, Nawada "most of the famous school in this area" 'Colleges' * KLS College * S N Sinha College, Warisaliganj,Nawada * A N M College * T S College Hisua, Nawada * R M W College, Nawada * Sita Ram Sahu College, Nawada * Ganga Rani Inter College, Nawada * S.K.M.College, Nawada Sharda Institute of Technology(engineering Collage), Nawada. * Nardiganj college Nardiganj, Nawada Nawada Computer Shop * Adarsh Computer * Edit Computer * Compact Computer NGO National Academy of Rural Action (NARA) Famous Personalities * Swami Sahajanand Saraswati: Eminent Indian independence activist, intellectual, prolific writer, social reformer and revolutionary all rolled into one.[3] Hisua Hisua is a city and a notified area in Nawada district in the Indian state of Bihar. The livelihood of most of the people is agriculture and this is one of the least developed areas of the state of Bihar. Many labourers from this region have migrated to Mauritius, Reunion Islands and Caribbean islands in the mid-19th century (around 1850). Zamindari Pratha, a system of tax collection from peasants, was prevalent in Hisua until 1950 and most of the agricultural land in Hisua was under a local Zamindar named "Babu Madan Mohan Lal". With the abolition of Zamindari Pratha by Vinobha Bhave in 1953 the agricultural land was distributed to the local villagers, but the after effect of Zaminadari Pratha and the caste system can still be seen in this village. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 Demographics

* 3 Language * 4 Communities * 5 Cuisine * 6 Schools * 7 Colleges * 8 Railway station name * 9 Cinema Hall * 10 References Geography Hisua is located at 2450N 8525E / 24.83N 85.42E / 24.83; 85.42.[1] It has an average elevation of 93 metres (305 feet). According to British India Gazette 1905: Hisua - Town in the Nawada subdivision of Gaya District, Bengal(+Bihar+Orrissa), situated in 24 50 N. and 85 25 E., on the right bank of the river Tilaya on the Gaya and Nawada road, 9 miles from Nawada and 27 miles from Gaya town. Population (1901), 6,704. Hisua is a station (Tilaya) on the South Bihar Railway. The town is noted for its pottery. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Hisua had a population of 25,045. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Hisua has an average literacy rate of 51%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 59%, and female literacy is 41%. In Hisua, 18% of the population is under 6 years of age. Language Magahi is the most popular language of this town. As well as Magahi, people speak Maghi Hindi and Urdu. Communities The Bhumihar community is a considerable part of Hisua, particularly in the Professor Colony and nearby village. The Urdu-speaking Muslim community is a considerable part of Hisua, particularly the Narhat Block. During British rule a large area of land was owned and cultivated by Muslims. A shrine of Muslim Sufi Saint Khwaja Abdullah Chishti is the cultural heritage of the Muslim community at Narhat Sheikhpura. An Urdu primary school is also running in this small village. After the partition of India many Muslim landlords migrated to Pakistan. Due to poverty in this backward block, migration to Gaya, Patna, Dehli and Kolkata also took place. Musahars, Chamars and Doms are other major communities living in large numbers. Cuisine The most famous sweet of Hisua is Enarsa and Laai. Hisua is also famous for a sweet named Tilkut,Khaza. It's a very popular sweet in the entire Magadh region gulab jamun& chaat. Schools * High School hisua * Drigopal Lal High School * Project girls high school Colleges

* Triveni Satyabhama College Hisua * Dilip Dasrath Mahila College Hisua there are more private school for example Avinav public school and many more Railway station name * Telaiya * Hisua Cinema Hall * UMA talkies * Mahalaxmi Talkies * Savita Talkies Warisaliganj Warisaliganj is a city and a notified area in Nawada district in the Indian state of Bihar. Contents * 1 History * 2 Geography * 3 Demographics * 4 Industry * 5 Education * 6 Transport * 7 Language * 8 People * 9 Market * 10 Political * 11 References History Warisaliganj to the north of Nawada Town was founded by Waris Ali Khan, a member of the family Kamgar Khan. Warisaligang, the name is some time spelt Worseleygang from an erroneous belief that it was named after Mr. Worseley, a former Deputy Magistrate of Nawada. Earlier it was a village called Chakdharampur.It is said that during national movement Jawaharlal Nehru visited the place for donations. A place called JAWAHAR PARK had been made for the staging which is present nowadays also.http://nawada.bih.nic.in/ Geography Warisaliganj is located at 2501N 8538E / 25.01N 85.63E / 25.01; 85.63[1]. It has an average elevation of 68 metres (226 feet).The area comes under one of the most fertile zones of the state with well irrigated lansscapes by sakri river and its canals system. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[2], Warisaliganj had a population of 31347. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Warisaliganj has an average literacy rate of 50%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 57%, and female literacy

is 43%. In Warisaliganj, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age. http://nawada.bih.nic.in/ Industry It was one of the good place for sugar industry in Bihar few years ago. Nowadays this very famous sugar mill is closed due to unconsciousness of the leaders of the area.Some small scale industries are also present in different villages nearby. Education It is very famous place for education in the whole district of Nawada as many renowned schools/colleges are situated here. some of them are Dr. S.N. Sinha College, S.G.B.K Sahu H/S, National High School, Vivekanand Public School, Manas Bharti etc. S.G.B.K. Sahu H/S and National high school Warisaliganj are leading school of the Nawada district in all manner like study, results, co-curricular activities etc. There are a lot of I.A.S officers, engineers (including in IITs and NITs from S.G.B.K), doctors from Warisaliganj region. Transport The area is well connected by all other parts of the state by roadways and railways. NH 31 is just 11 km by road connecting Patna and Ranchi. The other areas connected by roads are Nawada, Barbigha, Pakriwarama, Sheikhpura, Giriak etc. It is also connected by the Indian Railway B.G line trough the Gaya-Kiul loop line of East Central Railway. Language Hindi, Magahi and Urdu are the main languages spoken in the area. Angika and Maithili are also used by some people. People The area is dominated by Bhumihar caste people,others including kurmi, Sahu-Bania, Brahmins, Yadavs, Muslim etc. Market The market consists of big and small merchants. Earlier the market was one of the famous Holesale Spot. Nowadays it is losing its shine. Tilkut is one of the famous sweets available here. Political Warisaliganj is one of the legislative constituency of state of Bihar. The area consists of Pakriwarma and Kashichak blocks included. It also comes under the Nawada Lok Sabha constituency. Jamui district Jamui is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar state, India. The district was formed as a District on 21 February 1991 as a result of its separation from Munger district. It is located at a longitude of 86-13'E and the latitude is 24-55'N. Contents * 1 Area * 2 Population * 3 Density * 4 Literacy

* 5 Administrative units * 6 History * 7 Museum * 8 Literature * 9 Sports * 10 References Area Jamui occupies a total of 3,122.80 km2. Population As per 2001 Census (provisional) statistics, total population of Jamui is 13,98,796 out of which the male population is of 7,29,138 and that of the female is 6,69,658. Density There are approximately 401 people per km2. Literacy The average literacy figures for Jamui stands at 42.43%. (Male - 57.06%, Female - 26.32%). There is a famous college in Jamui named KKM college which had been established on the memory of Kumar Kalika it is a top ranking college in T.M University Bhagalpur. Administrative units 1. No. of Police District 1 2. No. of Sub-Divisions 1 3. No. of Blocks 10 4. No. of Circles 10 5. No. of Police Stations 28 6. No. of Panchayats 153 7. No. of Villages 1,506 History Various literature indicates the fact that Jamui was known as Jambhiyaagram. According to Jainism, the 24th Tirthankar lord Mahavir got divine knowledge in Jambhiyagram situated on the bank of river named Ujjihuvaliya. Another place of a divine light of Lord Mahavir was also traced as "Jrimbhikgram "on the bank of Rijuvalika river which resembles Jambhiyagram Ujjhuvaliya.kaushal kumar yadav The Hindi translation of the words Jambhiya and Jrimbhikgram is Jamuhi which is doveloped in the recent time as Jamui. With the prassage of time, the river Ujhuvaliya /Rijuvalika is supposed to be deoveloped as the river Ulai and as such both the place are still found in Jamui . The Ulai river is still flowing nearby Jamui. The old name of Jamui has been traced as Jambhubani in a copper plate which has been kept in Patna Museum. This plate clarifies that in the 12th century, Jambudani was today's Jamui. Thus, the two ancient names as Jambhiyagram and Jambubani prove that this district was important as a religious place for Jains and it was also a place of Gupta dynasty in the 19th century, the historian Buchanan also visited this place in 1811 and found the historical facts. According to other historians Jamui was also famous in the era of Mahabharata.

According to available literature, Jamui was related to Gupta and Pala rulers before 12th century. But after that this place became famous for Chandel rulers. Prior to Chandel Raj, this place was ruled by Nigoria, who was defeated by Chandels and the dynasty of Chandels founded in 13th century. The kingdom of Chandels spread over the whole of Jamui. Museum Chandrashekhar Singh Sangrahalay Founded by Prof. Dr. Syamnandan Prasad on 16 March 1983. Total number of archaeological remains in this museum is 178. Various statues of Lord Vishnu, Lord Bhudha,. Goddess Uma, Durga, Surya, ancient rocks and terracotta seals etc. are available. Musical Tradition : The musical tradition of the district was rich in the past and is getting enriched in present times also. The name of Sri Rudranarayan Singh, retd. headmaster deserves to be included in those personalities who have been responsible for enriching the cultural life of the common people of Jamui, by spreading the cultural values by means of classical music. In the past two the decades Sri Bajrang Lal Gupta has worked as an A.I.R. artist of light classical music. Sri Jyotrindra Kumar, Dr. Anjubala, Smt.Sujata Kumari, Kumar Amitabh, Sri Chandan Gupta, Sri Shailesh Kumar, Smt. Abha Singh, Sri Anil Pathak etc. are making a significant contribution towards the upliftment of music in Jamui district. Literature Jamui has been a fertile ground for man of literature and poets. Dr.Prof.Awadh Kishore Sinha, Dr.Shyamanand Prasad have held the flag of literature high. This has been ably kept up and continued by young poets and writers such as Prof Dr. Jagrup Prasad, Prof. Dr. Sunil Yadav, Prof. Sukhdev Thakur, Prof. Prabhat Sarsij, Dr. Giridhar Acharya, Prof. Brajnandan Modi. Jamui has the literary effort of Pt. Jagannath Pd.Chaturvedi. Beginning with his Majesty Rameshwar Pd. Singh up to Kumar Ranbir Singh comprises a long list of ancient poet of the district, who wrote in Braj Bhasha. The contributions of more recent poets like BraJ Vallabh Chaturbedi, Smt. Kishori, Late Kiran Ji, Tripurari Singh Matwala, Deverendra Malaypuri, Prabhat Sarsij, Vinay Asham. Sports Jamui District is progressing very fast in the field of Sports and Games. The organizations like Jamui district Amateur Athletics Association, District Football Association, District Women Football Association, District Cricket Association, District Kabaddi Association etc. are actively participating in promotion. of games and sports. The existence of such large number of associations and organizations concerned with such a large variety of sports & games points to the vitality, interest & involvement of the local people in these fields. The leadership provided by Lt. Parasnath Bariyar, Tapeshwar Pd. Bariyar, Hoda Sahed, Kamta Pd. Singh, Nathu Ram,Kaushal Kumar Yadav and Kedar Pd. Singh in field of sports and games had raised the position of Jamui to the state level as early as two or three decades ago. Recently 1st District Level Athletics Meet, 11th State Level President Cup Football Tournament, Late Shukra Das Cricket Tournament has been organized successfully.

There are two stadiums namely Jamui Stadium, Jamui & Kumar Surendra Pratap Singh Stadium, Giddhour and one Special Area Game Centre at Giddhour in the district.Jamui's people never forget Lt Shree Digvijay Singh's contribution to make this Stadium. Jamui is a city and a municipality in Jamui district in the Indian state of Bihar. It is the district headquarters of Jamui district. Geography Jamui is located at 2455N 8613E / 24.92N 86.22E / 24.92; 86.22.[1] It has an average elevation of 78 metres (255 feet). It is surrounded by Banka district in the East, Munger district in the North-East, Lakhisarai and Shekhpura districts in the North and Nawada in the West. The main towns in Jamui district, apart from Jamui are Laxmipur, Jhajha, Gidhaur, Mallepur, SONO, Sikandra, Chandradeep, Aliganj, Chakai and Khaira and a well known village and it is famous for an educated,rich as well as gentle and familiar bhramarpur(bhounr).The second villege in this district is amrath which is famous for (Shrine)dargah and it is famous for an educated muslim syed family. Jamui is well connected to the rest of the country through roads and the main Delhi-Howrah rail line is only 3 kilometres away at Mallepur (the Mallepur railway station is also known as the Jamui railway station). The JayaPrakash Narayan International Airport in Patna is about 161 kilometres away and the Gaya International Airport is only 136 kilometres away. Situated along the Bihar-Jharkhand border, Jamui is dotted with hills and the small retreat town of Simultala falls within the Jhajha block, on the main Delhi-Howrah rail line. The town of Gidhaur, situated 17 kilometres away was the seat of kings during the British Raj and many buildings from the period still survive. Minto Tower in Gidhaur is a prime example of architecture from the period. Jamui district is also famous for having many places related to the origin of Jainism. The district has untapped reserves of mica, coal, gold, iron-ores etc. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Jamui had a population of 66,752. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Jamui has an average literacy rate of 55%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 65%, and female literacy is 44%. In Jamui, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age. Gidhaur Gidhaur (also known as Patsanda) is a small town in the Jamui District of Bihar in India. It is also the former the seat of a Princely State. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 Brief history * 3 Center of beedi production * 4 Tourist attractions o 4.1 Bird sanctuaries o 4.2 Minto Tower

o 4.3 Durga Puja * 5 References * 6 External links Geography Situated on the banks of the Ulai river, (24520N 86190E / 24.866667N 86.316667E / 24.866667; 86.316667) about 17 kilometers east from the district headquarters at Jamui, Gidhaur has a population of 7,453 out of which 4,013 are male and 3,440 female.[1] One of the 10 blocks falling under Jamui district, Gidhaur has own High School and a Post Office (PIN Code 811305). Gidhaur lies on the Delhi- Howrah main railway line and the important railway station of Jhajha lies about 16 kilometers away. Brief history Gidhaur was the seat of Chandela Rajput Kings. History records put it that there was a Chandela King in Gidhaur during the reign of the Mughal Emperor Akbar. Center of beedi production A number of Beedi manufacturing companies have been running Beedi manufacturing units in Gidhaur. Gidhaur is situated in an economically backward area of Bihar. As a result, a lot of people in the town and in adjoining areas, just like elsewhere in Jamui district are dependent on Beedi manufacturing units for their livelihood. The womenfolk in particular do the Beedi Rolling, which as Sanjay Swami has pointed out in his research is dangerous to their health. Tourist attractions Buildings from the British Raj period can still be seen in sound condition and one can note an amalgam of British and French influences in those buildings, including the Maharaja's palace situated by the main market in Gidhaur. Bird sanctuaries The Nagi and Nakti bird sanctuaries, which fall under the adjoining Jhajha block are famous for hosting migratory birds in the winter. Minto Tower Situated in the middle of the main market in Gidhaur, Minto tower was built by Maharaja Ravaneshwar Prasad Singh Bahadurof Gidhaur to commemorate the visit of Lord Minto, the then Viceroy and Governor General of India, who visited Gidhaur on February 10, 1906. Durga Puja Gidhaur is also famous for the annual Durga Puja held during the important Hindu Festival of Dussehra and it was started by the erstwhile kings who ruled Gidhaur and was handed over to a puja committee formed (nominated) by the present Maharaja Bahadur Pratap Singh in 2002. The Gidhaur version of Durga Puja features animal sacrifices on a big scale made on the ninth day of the Puja. Jhajha Jhajha is a city and a notified area in Jamui district in the Indian state of Bihar. Demographics

As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Jhajha had a population of 36,424. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Jhajha has an average literacy rate of 63%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 71%, and female literacy is 53%. In Jhajha, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age. Khagaria district Khagaria district is an administrative district in the state of Bihar in India. The district headquarters are located at Khagaria. Khagaria district is a part of Munger Division. The district occupies an area of 1486 km and has a population of 1,276,677 (as of census 2001). The district is surrounded by seven rivers namely Ganges, Kamla Balan, Koshi, Budhi Gandak, Kareh, Kali Koshi and Bagmati. These rivers cause floods every year which causes great loss of life and property including lifestock. Khagaria is small town with a major railway junction on the Barauni Guwahati section of the Indian Railways. National Highway No.31, which connects rest of India to North Eastern region passes through this town. It is also connected to other regions of north Bihar by another rail line to Saharsa and Samastipur. Building of a major rail bridge across river Ganges at Munger is underway to connect it to south Bihar and Jharkhand directly. History Also known as Farakiya in local region. There is an interesting story behind it. Five centuries ago Akbar, then the king of Mughal empire directed his revenue minister Todarmal to map his entire empire. But he could not map this region now known as Khagaria due to difficult terrain, rivers and dense forests. So, he named it Farakiya (Farak in Hindi means separate). Now there is even a weekly newspaper- 'Farkiyanchal Times' (albeit published arbitrarily). People and culture Predominantly a rural district it has a mixed population and colourful culture. Population consist of different castes including Bhumihar, Brahmins, Barai, Rajput, Kayshtha, Yadav, Koari and Kurmi, Marwari and others, but Barai, Yadavs, Koeri and Kurmis are in majority. Major festivals are Chhat Pooja, Holi, Durga Pooja (Dushehra) and Dipawali. Marriage is intra-caste; People here tend to marry within their region only. You will find quite soft spoken and mild mannered people contrary to the general perception about Bihar. Majority of population of Khagaria town is of younger age signifying a shifting population from villages to district center. Doordarshan, the national television broadcaster has one local broadcasting center here with one local channel Awaaz. Khagaria is a city in India, and the administrative headquarter of Khagaria district. Khagaria is a part of Munger division. The town has a major railway junction on the Barauni Guwahati section of the Indian Railways. National Highway 31 which connects rest of the India to North Eastern region passes through this town. It is connected to other parts of Bihar by another rail line to Saharsa and Samastipur. Building of a major rail bridge across river Ganges in Munger is underway to connect it to south Bihar and Jharkhand directly. Contents * 1 Geography

* 2 Surrounded districts * 3 Subdivisions * 4 Demographics * 5 History * 6 People and culture * 7 Language and dialects * 8 Banks/Financial Institutions * 9 Education * 10 Cinema * 11 References Geography Khagaria is located at 2530N 8629E / 25.5N 86.48E / 25.5; 86.48. It has an average elevation of 36 metres (118 feet).khagaria was under munger division till 1980 when it became a district. Surrounded districts * North - Saharsa District * South - Munger and Begusarai District * East - Bhagalpur and Madhepura District * West - Begusarai and Samastipur Districts Subdivisions * Total Sub-division - 2 * Total Blocks and Circle - 7 * Total Panchayats - 129 * Total Halka - 61 * Total urban Localities - 2 * Total Revenue Villages- 306 * Habitate - 241 * Unhabitate - 69 Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Khagaria had a population of 45,126. Males constitute 55% of the population and females 45%. Khagaria has an average literacy rate of 64%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 70%, and female literacy is 58%. In Khagaria, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age. History Also known as Farakiya in local region. There is an interesting story behind it. Five centuries ago Akbar, then the king of Mugal empire directed his revenue minister Todarmal to map his entire empire. But he could not map this region now known as Khagaria due to difficult terrain, rivers and dense forests. So, he named it Farakiya (Farak in Urdu means separate). Now there is even a weekly newspaper- 'Farkiyanchal Times' (albeit published arbitrarily). People and culture

Predominantly a rural district it has a mixed population and colourful culture. Population consist of different castes and communities including Bhumihar Brahmins, other Brahmin sub-castes,barai, Rajput, Kayshtha, Yadav, Koari and Kurmi, Marwari, Muslim and others, but Barai, Yadavs, Koeri and Kurmis are in majority though Muslims constitutes 12% of the total population. Major festivals are Chhat Pooja, Holi, Durga Pooja (Dushehra) and Dipawali. Marriage is intracaste and intra-religion; people here tend to marry within their region only. You will find quite soft spoken and mild mannered people contrary to the general perception about Bihar. Majority of population of Khagaria town is of younger age signifying a shifting population from villages to district center. Doordarshan, the national television broadcaster has one local broadcasting center here with one local channel Awaaz. Language and dialects Mainly Angutarap (distorted mix version of Angika & Maithili), though dialect changes every ten kilometres, like any other district of Bihar, the mix language is also known as "theti". Banks/Financial Institutions Several national banks (PSU as well as Private) are having presence at Khagaria with their branches. PSU bank branches in Khagaria: (State Bank Of India, Central Bank Of India, Union Bank Of India, Punjab National Bank, UCO Bank, Bank Of Baroda, Canara Bank, Bank Of India) Private bank branches in Khagaria: (ICICI Bank) In addition to these, various regional and cooperative banks are located at Khagaria. Education Major educational centers are located in the town of Khagaria, which includes educational institutions and vocational institutions where students can learn music, dance, art and craft. Besides many govt. run schools, there are some colleges for the higher education including a women's college. One prestigious center for higher education Koshi College, Khagaria. Kendriya Vidyalaya Khagaria is educational bone and DAV public school, Rose Bud Academy & holy Ganges public school (HGPS) Khagaria has constantly ranked among the top schools of Bihar. Majority of students after finishing higher secondary go to other big cities like Patna or Delhi or kolkata or bangalore for higher education and competitive examinations. Many students from here are now settled abroad e.g. Dr Paritosh Suman, MBBS AIIMS (19992004), MS Surgery Columbia University New York.Bihar Board Topper(12th)of 2009 is from Khagaria. Most of the students study for engineering, medical and some also go for Union Public Services.Nowadays most of the good academic student who is passed from SMHS Chautham also in good position in corporate sector in India or other countries. Cinema Khagaria is now left only with four cinemas (Prakash Talkies, Shri Lakshami, Shri Krishna, Shri Ram Talkies) and earlier there was a good cinema hall "Kamal talkies" but now it has no existence the people are miss so much this talkies. Now the oldest one being Sri Laxmi Cinema which was established by Late Sri Nirmal Chandra Gupta in the year 1954 and started its screening at the present campus in the year 1968. The cinema hall being amongst

the few entertainment sources in the town holds a key place in the hearts of people of Khagaria. Now lakshmi talkies is using satellite tecnology for broadcasting movies. Gogri Jamalpur Gogri Jamalpur is a city and a notified area in Khagaria district in the Indian state of Bihar. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Gogri Jamalpur had a population of 31,093. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Gogri Jamalpur has an average literacy rate of 48%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 56%, and female literacy is 39%. In Gogri Jamalpur, 20% of the population is under 6 years of age. K.D.S college, Gogri is the only college. Munger district Munger district is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar state in eastern India. Munger town is the administrative headquarters of this district. Munger district is a part of Munger Division. Munger District is located in the southern part of Bihar and its headquarter is located on the southern bank of river Ganges. The district is spread over 1419.7 km2. accounting for 3.3% of the area of Bihar . It lies between 240 22 N to 250 30 N latitude and 850 30 E to 870 3 E longitude.[2] Contents * 1 Origin of name * 2 History * 3 Geography o 3.1 Rivers and lakes o 3.2 Climate * 4 Demography * 5 Divisions * 6 References Origin of name The district is named after its headquarters, Munger. There are several traditions regarding the etymology of Munger. According to one tradition, the present name of the town is derived from its ancient name Mudgagiri, which is mentioned in the Mahbharata as well as the Munger copperlate inscription of Devapala. According to another tradition, the name of the town is derived from either sage Mudgala or Maudgalyayana, a disciple of Buddha. However, General Cunnigham had strong suspicion that the original name of the town was connected with the Mundas, who are the earliest residents of this region and C.E.A. Oldham thinks it was probably derived from Munigriha (the abode of the Muni). History The territory occupied by the present day Munger district was a part of Anga mahajanapada. The Mahabharata says that it was ruled by Karna. Mudgagiri (Munger) was the capital of the Pala empire. Bengal Nawab Mir Kasim fought one of the last battles before the East India Company captured the eastern India. The Fort built by him has three gates and the Ganges on its fourth sides. Munger was known as Monghyr throughout British rule. In the early years of

British rule Monghyr formed a part of Bhagalpur, and was not created a separate district till 1832. Later on begusarai district, saharsa district, madhepura district, jamui district and Lakhisarai district were carved from this district. Geography Munger district is so located in the southern Bihar and Munger town, its headquarters is located on the southern bank of the Ganges. The district lies between 2420' and 2530' north latitudes and between 8537' and 8730' east longitudes. The average height from the sea level is 30 to 65 m. Rivers and lakes The major rivers of this district are the Ganges, the Mohane, the Harohar and the Kiul. Temple and village Chandika temple is one of the famous temple in this city. Dalahatta Buzar Kumhartoli is as a small village, 80% people who staying here are kumhar by cast that make pot (Miiti ke bartan).Kalai is a village near Kharagpur having mostly bhrahmins and rajputs as its population. [3] Climate There are three distinct seasons in this zone, summer (March to May), monsoon (June to September) and winter (October to February). Average annual rainfall of this district is 1146 mm (average of 53 years).this is also knwon as monghyr Demography The district has a population of 1,135,499 (male 604662, female 530837). The urban population is 316586, while the rural population is 818913 (2001 census). The literacy rate is 60.11% (male 70.68%, female 47.97%) (2001 census). The various details and facts related top the district's demography are: Urban Area Population: 27.9% Rural Area Population: 72.1 % Total Male Population: 53.23 % Total Female Population: 46.75 % Total Literacy Population: 60.11 % Total Literacy Male Population: 70.68 % Total Literacy Female Population: 47.97 % Total Literacy Population: 76.87 % Total Literacy Urban Male Population: 83.97 % Total Literacy Urban Female Population: 68.64 % Total Literacy Rural Population: 53.35 % Total Literacy Rural Male Population: 65.29 % Total Literacy Rural Female Population: 39.69 % Sex Ratio: 878 Female /1000 Male Sex Ratio Urban: 879 Female / 1000 Male Sex Ratio Rural: 875 Female / 1000 Male Sex Ratio among children 0-6 year: 915 Girls/1000 Boys

Sex Ratio Urban among children 0-6: 948 Girls/1000 Boys Sex Ratio Rural among children 0-6: 905 Girls/1000 Boys Population Density: 800/ km2 Population increase /ten years: 20.34 % Divisions The district is divided into three sub-divisions: Jamalpur, Kharagpur and Tarapur, which are further divided into nine development blocks:Kharagpur, Dharhara, Munger, Jamalpur, Tarapur, Sangrampur, Bariarpur, Tetia Bambar and Asarganj. Munger (Hindi: ) town is the headquarters of Munger district, in the Indian state of Bihar. Historically, Munger is known for its manufacturing of iron articles such as firearms and swords. Contents * 1 History * 2 Education * 3 Tourism * 4 Theatre * 5 References * 6 External links History See: Munger Fort Education Munger has many good schools, colleges and Institution. * Schools - Notre Dame Academy in Jamalpur and Munger, Saraswati Vidya Mandir, DAV Public School, St. Xavier's School, Kendriya Vidyalaya, Little Angels School, S.K.D. Memorial Public School, New Era ,Arya Bal Shanti Niketan etc. The oldest school in the district is the Zila School (formerly Government English School) which was founded in 1854. There are two girls' schools, Baijnath Girls School and Balmiki Rajniti Balika Vidyalaya, Madhopur, in Munger town. * Colleges - R.D. & D.J. College, Balmiki Rajniti Mahila Mahavidyalaya, J.R.S. College are institutes for higher education. R.D. & D.J. College is one of the oldest and renowned College in the Bihar and Eastern India Zone. The alumni of these institutes are now working all over world and have brought laurels to the district. * University - Bihar School of Yoga (World's First Yoga University[1] and a deemed university) attracts students from all over world. Around 400 Australians, Americans and others register for the yoga course every year with this figure rising continuously. Tourism Munger is a great place for tourism . The detailed information on tourism can be gathered from the official site Munger also features one of the oldest railway manufacturing units and also the ITC Tobacco factory. http://www.itcportal.com/newsroom/press22jan07a.htm

Earlier spelled Monghyr and now Munger it has a rich and glorious past and stories abound. Madarsa Rahmania is the largest Islamic School in the state. Nearby Bhimbandh is a great picnic spot. It has a stream of hot water coming from the mountains nearby and one stream of cold water also, both the streams merge here only and the are later joined in ganges river Theatre Most noted and satellite enabled theatre is Konark Cinema hall, other cinema halls are Nilam, Vaidhnath, Vijay . However there was one more hall called siddahrtha but presently it is closed. Asarganj Asarganj is a census town in Munger district in the state of Bihar, India. Geography Asarganj is located at 2509N 8641E / 25.15N 86.68E / 25.15; 86.68.[1] It has an average elevation of 44 metres (144 feet). Asarganj is situated at 12 km south from the railway station,Sultanganj. There is a very famous and a month-long festival "Bol-Bum" runs during the month of Saawan (AugustSeptember). After taking water from the Ganges river of Sultanganj (known locally as UttarWahini Ganga), the pilgrims, travel barefooted for 105 km by this route, and go to Deoghar (Baba Dhaam) to pour Gangajal on Lord Shiva (ShivLinga). In the Saawan month the whole of Asarganj dazzles with lights and happiness. Asarganj is one of the places in Bihar famous for the production of quality rice. As the people are business oriented, this block is quickly developing. People are not only involved in this traditional occupation but also gaining dominance in government jobs, engineering and many other fields. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Asarganj had a population of 5706. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Asarganj has an average literacy rate of 85%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 72% of the males and 70% of females literate. 14% of the population is under 6 years of age. Jamalpur Jamalpur ( , ) is a town and a municipality in Munger district in the Indian state of Bihar. Jamalpur, the name literally means beautiful (Jamal-) town (-pur) and that is a literal description of the place. Jamalpur is best known for its large railway workshop ( ) in the Eastern Railway Zone (India) and the railway institute IRIMEE (The Indian Railways Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering). Jamalpur is best known as a very large workshop on the East Indian Railway, employing over 25,000 people at one time. The town was established during the British Raj and the cultural hub at that time was the Railway Institute. The Railway Institute was huge it had its own movie theatre, a six-lane

swimming pool, four tennis courts, two billiard rooms and a bowling lawn. Its dances were renowned and railway folk came from all over the East India Railway (EIR) to attend. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 Demographics * 3 Railway Workshop * 4 Notables * 5 Some Jamalpur Alumni * 6 Famous Places * 7 Spirit of Jamalpur * 8 Education * 9 Residential Hotels * 10 Theaters * 11 See also * 12 References * 13 External links Geography Jamalpur is located at 2518N 8630E / 25.3, 86.5.[1]. It has an average elevation of 151 metres (495 feet). The city is in the Munger district. Munger is 8 km North West of Jamalpur. There is a road as well as a rail link between the two towns. It is an overnight journey from Kolkata. The nearest airport is at Patna, around four hours from Jamalpur by rail. Kolkata is the nearest airport to the east from which Jamalpur can be reached by Rail. Jamalpur also has a small airstrip. Jamalpur on the district map of Bihar Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Jamalpur had a population of 98,743. Males constitute 54 of the population and females 48%. Jamalpur has an average literacy rate of 79%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 85%, and female literacy is 73%. In Jamalpur, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age. Railway Workshop Jamalpur Workshop ( ) was the first full-fledged railway workshop facilities in India, set up on Feb. 8, 1862 by the East Indian Railway. (There was an earlier attempt to set up workshop facilities at Howrah, but it proved unsuccessful because of problems with procuring supplies and getting skilled labour.) The Jamalpur site was chosen for its proximity both to the Sahibganj loop (which was the main trunk route at the time), and to the communities of gunsmiths and other mechanical craftsmen in Bihar who would prove to be adept at picking up the skills required in a railway workshop. Another, possibly apocryphal account, though, has it that one of the Agents of the EIR Mr D W Campbell, was annoyed that the fitters and workmen of the then Howrah workshop were spending too much time away from their work in places of recreation in Howrah, and

resolved to move the workshop facilities to a place far away where there would be no such distractions. At first the Jamalpur shops were merely repairing locomotives and also assembling locomotives from parts salvaged from other, damaged locomotives. By the turn of the century, however, they had progressed to producing their own locomotives. The first one, CA 764 'Lady Curzon', was produced in 1899. Jamalpur has always had extensive workshop facilities. In 1893, the first railway foundry in India was set up there. It also had a boiler workshop for repairing and building boilers. Today it has foundry and metallurgical lab facilities, extensive machine tool facilities, etc., in addition a captive power plant of 5MVA, making it fairly self-contained. It used to have a rolling mill of its own (set up in 1870, now closed - the Rolling Mill and the Nut & Bolt Shop were closed down in 1984). In addition to various repairs of wagons, coaches, cranes and tower cars, and locomotives, Jamalpur Workshop also undertakes repair and (small-scale) production of permanent-way fixtures. It also manufactures some tower cars (Mark II, Mark III) and break-down cranes of 10, 20, and 140 tonne capacities, besides various kinds of heavy-duty lifting jacks. Finally, it also manufactures wheelsets for coaches and wagons. In the past it was a significant supplier of cast-iron sleepers as well. Starting in 1961 it produced several rail cranes. It has also produced electric arc furnaces, ticket printers and other ticket machines (slitting, counting, and chopping). The high-capacity synchronized lifting jacks known as 'Jamalpur Jacks' were also produced by this workshop. The school attached to the Jamalpur workshops eventually became the Indian Railway Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering (IRIMEE). Notables Ananda Marga Movement Ananda Marga was founded by a Jamalpur native Shrii Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar in 1955. P.R. Sakar left his job as a railway official and formed the first chapter of Ananda Marga ("Path of Bliss") in Jamalpur, Bihar, India. He started to train missionaries to spread his teaching of "self-realization and service to humanity" (which became the motto of Ananda Marga) into India and the rest of the world. The mission of Ananda Marga is to help individuals achieve complete self-realization and to build a social structure in which the physical, mental and spiritual needs of all people can be fulfilled. Ananda Marga contributes to the process of individual development by providing instruction in meditation and other yoga practices on a non-commercial basis. Some Jamalpur Alumni 1. Mr. D. N. Banerji 2. Prof.R.K. Mukherji 3. Dr. Y.N. Agrawal (FRCS, Medical Supt. Rly Hospital), 4. Mr. Rajendra Prasad Mandal( Retired General Manager, Indian Oil Corporation (New Delhi)) 5. Mr. Yogendra Prasad (Retired Dy Regional Manager, United Bank of India (Patna))

6. Dr. Om Prakash Chaurasia( MD, MRCP(UK), FACP (Gastroenterologist, California, USA)) 7. Dr. Gita Chatterji (MS) 8. Mr. Y.R. Puri (Gymkhana) 9. Dr. AK Ghose (Rly. Hospital) 10. Mr. Usman Ghani (Rly. Elect. Engineer), 11. Prof. Gautam Bhattacharya (Ph.D., Econ., USA) 12. KV Alumni: Asit Sen (IIT, USA) 13. Lt. Col. Deepak Agarwal 14. Ali Akbar (MBA, USA) 15. Prof. Pankaj Agrawal (PhD, USA) 16. Zainul Abedin (Patna) 17. Dr. Biswajit Choudhury (IIT, USA) 18. Capt. Dr. S.P.Mandal (MBBS, DTCD, BMOC (AMC Poona), Ex.Medical OfficerAFMC Command Hospital Poona), Famous Places * Pir Baba The name of Jamalpur comes from Pir Jamaluddin whose grave lies at this holy place and no visit to Jamalpur is complete without paying an obeisance at this holy place on Golf Road. A must-visit on Friday. * JSA Ground/ Stadium One of the best maintained small stadiums in the state, has seen a number of football matches held between different teams in the eastern region of India compete with each other. * Gymkhana Gymkhana is the hostel and club used by the Special Class Railway Apprentice * Golf Course Just down the Gymkhana avenue is the golf course that is frequented by the Railway and Army officers. The annual ITC Golf tournament is held here. It also has the grave of an Englishman who was killed by a tiger. The grave of the tiger is not very far away. * Madras Coffee House (Also known as Heer Ka Dukan) It used to be a half century old small shop selling sweet meats like jalebis. In front of it was the town's rikshaw stand. The Madras Coffee House caters to food aficionados not intended for soft tourists but for people who have come to visit Jamalpur for railways or other nostalgic purposes. * Geetobitan An excellent quarter century old music school near Hari Sabha being run single-handedly by a senior lady with a pronounced handicap. Most of the railway men's children pursue music, dance and arts at this beginners place starting from as young as two. Surprisingly it is just the goodwill and the basic infrastructure with some local help that is keeping it going. Good place for stimulating discussions on Indian classical Music. * Kali Pahadi

There is a Mountain Named Kali Pahadi there's a Mandir of goddes Maa Kali which is situated on top of mountain. Spirit of Jamalpur Alighting from your train at Jamalpur Junction station of the Eastern Railway and making your way through the market adjacent to it,you are not likely to be impressed.Turning right at the end of what could well be called the station road,you cross an over-bridge and enter the Railway East Colony. This egalitarian title is now given to what used to be the European Colony in colonial days.There is a Jamalpur beyond the East Colony also,but most things in this town begin end here.The first turning to the right is the Workshop Road,that leads to the Eastern Railway Locomotive Workshop,the biggest and the oldest in the country. It was only after the setting up of the temples of modern India after independance that bigger workshops were built.you next pass the Club Road and Stadium Road.You soon cross the Golf Road,before you come to Gymkhana Road on your left. Standing between these roads, you see a vast expanse of a rolling green maidan stretching towards a right that seems to cover your entire field of view.This maidan is the Golf Course,a small but reasonably well kept 9-hole course,that is perhaps the cheapest in the world to play golf on. Right in the centre of the course, you will note what looks like a grave. The epitaph on the tombstone tells you the gory tale:a 27 year old Foreman of the Erecting Shop was killed by a tiger near the spot two years after the workshop had been established in 1862. In the tranquil serenity of the present maidan, tigers had roamed in the not too distant past. If this was the situation,then why Jamalpur, is the question that is often asked. The answer lies in the history of the area and the nearby town of Munger (earlier Monghyr). The inhabitants of this town and the surrounding areas had always been a reservoir of skilled craftsman in mechanical fields like ironware notably guns ,pistols ,spears, and other weapons. It is not a coincidence that Monghyr was often referred to as the Birmingham of the East in those days. It will also not be out of place to record that Jamalpur was on what was then intended to be the mainline of the Railway,had good water supply and congenial surroundings. Jamalpur was at first only an engine changing station. The actual headquarters of the Locomotive Department were at Howarah,but the latter not only possessed great drawbacks but was too confined to permit extensions.There was ,in fact., no room for the work shop of the Locomotive Department as well as the Companys carriage and wagon works, and after long and matured consideration , it was decided to remove the former to Jamalpur . Mr. John Strachan , the then Locomotive Superintendent of the Company,gives the following account for the cause of the removal.It was not till the early sixties that the late D.W.campbell decided to remove the workshops to Jamalpur ,and this was owing to the drivers and fitters giving trouble.They were covenanted men from home who had left their families there,and as hotel and billiard rooms were their only amusement,it was no

uncommon thing for men to leave the shops during working hours and adjourn to a hotel that was then opposite to the railway station There were also several other places of amusement in Howrah and Calcutta to which men could go and among them was a place known as Wilsons Coffee Room. One day Mr. Campbell,returning from the weekly Meeting in the Agents Office ,happened to call at Wilsons Coffee Room for tiffin,and here he found three of his principle foremen and two engine drivers enjoying themselves in rathe r a boisterous mannerThe men were quickly retired,and after that Mr. Campbell never rested until he had the workshops and the Locomotive offices removed from Howrah to Jamalpur. And,so it was that the Locomotive Workshop came to be located at Jamalpur.By 1890,the workshop had 3122 men ,which grew to 9528 by 1906.(In its heydays 30 years back,the figure was 14000).By this time ,the number of locomotives whose overhaulwas based at Jamalpur had grown to 952.Since there was virtually no industry in the country,the workshop grew to be totally self sufficient.It set up the countrys first rolling mill in 1879,as well as the raiways first captive powerhouse,which was set up in 1895.A steel foundry with a 7 -ton open-hearth furnace started operations in 1898. The Iron foundry was amongst the best in the country and even produced cast iron sleepers. Jamalpur has the distinction of manufacturing locomotives well before Chittaranjan Locomotive Works were set up. A total of 214 locomotives were built at jamalpur between 1899 and 1932. Along with the technical side of the development ,care was also taken to develop the human resource.A Technical School was set up in 1988 for Trade Apprentices with one teacher.In 1905, the training of Apprentice Mechanics was started for Anglo-Indians and later in 1911,the Apprentice Mechanic scheme was thrown open to indians also.It is chronicled elsewhere in this issue,how the training of special class Apprentices at the Technocal School in 1927,set into motion the chain of events that we are commemorating this year. Jamalpur has always attracted visitors who could well be a Whos Who of the land.A sampling of the messages recorded in the Visitors Book of the Workshop can be seen in this write up. Even today,the Workshop and the Training institute at Jamalpur are the mainstay of not only Jamalpur town but also the entire district of Munger.Although there are other workshops and units in the Railways and outside that are bigger and more contemporary than the Locomotive Workshop at Jamalpur today,the words of Mr.Huddlestone,C.I.E,Chief Superintendent of the East Indian Railway,give an idea of the Spirit behind Jamalpur. There are ,of course,larger Railway shops existing in Europe but not few are more self contained or better occupied with modern electrically driven machinery than this workshop. Education Jamalpur is well known for its Railways Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, IRIMEE. Other institute includes:

* Notre Dame Academy - The First Notre Dame School in India was founded in Jamalpur, India, in 1950. Notre Dame Academy is a Catholic Institution managed by the Patna Notre Dame Sister's Society. * Railway High School - It is the one of oldest high schools in Jamalpur. This school has been run for Railway Employee children. * Kendriya Vidyalaya (KV), Jamalpur- Kendriya Vidyalaya Jamalpur was set up in 1973 and was sponsored by Eastern Railway. A CBSE affiliated school, has produced outstanding students both in academics and sports. Residential Hotels * Lounges Inn - Living accommodation and Resto-Bar at Jubilee Well Jamalpur. * Hotel Yatrik * Hotel HillView * Hotel Samrat Palace - An Eight story well furnished hotel having its own Darbar Hall. * Hotel White House Residency - A five story well furnished hotel. A/C and non A/C rooms are available Theaters * Avantika (Currently non operational) * Railway Cinema * Bhola talkies Kharagpur (Munger) Kharagpur is a town and a notified area in Munger district in the Indian state of Bihar. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 Demographics * 3 References * 4 See also Geography Kharagpur is located at 2507N 8633E / 25.12N 86.55E / 25.12; 86.55[1]. It has an average elevation of 48 metres (157 feet). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[2], Kharagpur had a population of 26,910. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Kharagpur has an average literacy rate of 47%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 55%, and female literacy is 39%. In Kharagpur, 18% of the population is under 6 years of age. River & Lake Khargpur having one beautiful Lake known as Khargpur Lake.It is 3 km far from khargpur city in the west direction. 'Bhim Bandh' This is tourist place for kharagpur hill area. Picnic spot in winter season and You can enjoy spring of hot water.

Kharagpur also has Rameshwar Kund, Kali Mandir which are places of tourist attraction. It is also said that when the King of Kharagpur - Raja Rahmad Ali,later known Raja Rahmad, when ate betel,it could be seen through his neck. He also made a Masjid there.There is one Mani river in Kharagpur, which never dries. Lakhisarai district Lakhisarai district is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar state, India, and Lakhisarai town is the administrative headquarters of this district. Lakhisarai district is a part of Munger Division. The district occupies an area of 1228 km2. The district has a population of 8,01,173 (2001 census). Population: Total: 671634 Rural: 586294 Urban: 85340 Agriculture: Paddy, Wheat, Lentils Rivers : Ganges, Mohane, Harohar, Kiul History On July 3, 1994 this district was carved out from Munger district, which comprised the erstwhile Lakhisarai sub-division of the undivided district. Divisions The district consists only one sub-division Lakhisarai, which is divided into six developmental blocks: Halsi, Lakhisarai, Barahia, Surya Garha, Piparia and Ramgarh Chowk. The district headquarters Lakhisarai is a city with mixed population, the majority being the upper-caste (Bhumihaars) people. Still under the process of development, the city has one newly constructed PCC road and a bypass under construction. There were several criminal groups who make the city vulnerable for crime, mainly in Pipariya, Barahiya,Suryagarha police stations. But the situation have improved quite a lot after better rule regulation.Also, Piribazar, Chanan police stations are naxal-prone due to their geographical layout. The city well known for its sindur (vermilion) production. Lakhisarai is also famous for Ashokdham temple, Maharani temple at Barahiya and for Shringirishi mountains. Lakhisarai (archaic spelling: Luckeesarai) town is the administrative headquarters of Lakhisarai district in Bihar state in eastern India. The town has a population of 77,840 (2001 census). It is well connected by road and rail routes. It is situated on Patna-Howrah main line passing through Kiul junction. NH-80 passes through the town. The town has a number of small scale industrial units, which include iron rod manufacturing, rice mills, Sindur (vermilion) factories, insecticide manufacturing units.The rivers namely Ganga, Haroohar and kuil are passing through lakhisari district. Barahiya Barahiya is a city and a municipality in Lakhisarai district in the state of Bihar, India. Barhiya is a block of district lakhisarai in the state of bihar. As of 2001 India census, Barahiya had a population of 39,745. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Barahiya has an average literacy rate of 59%, below than the national average of 59.9%; with 61% of the males and 39% of females literate. 15% of the population is under 6

years of age. It is on the bank of the Ganga river and has lacs hactare agriculture land for Rabi crops. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Barahiya had a population of 39,745. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Barahiya has an average literacy rate of 59%, below than the national average of 59.9%; with 61% of the males and 39% of females literate. 15% of the population is under 6 years of age. Kiul junction Kiul ( , ) is a small city located on the bank of Kiul river in Lakhisarai district of Bihar. This is the place where Mahavir (the founder of Jain Dharma) got knowledge or gyan. Geography One of the major railway junction in Eastern Railway Zone (India) located at main line from Howrah to New Delhi. Patna is about 3 hours journey by express train. Rail tracks There are four railway routes departing from this junction. * to Bhagalpur via Dharhara, Jamalpur, Bihar * to Howrah via Asansol * to Gaya, India * to New Delhi via Patna Sheikhpura district Sheikhpura district is one of the thirty eight districts of Bihar state, India, and Sheikhpura town is the administrative headquarters of this district. Sheikhpura district is a part of Munger Division. Sheikhpura was separated from Munger District and was made a separate district with headquarters at Sheikhpura on the 31st July 1994. Sheikhpura district has given the leaders like Shree Krishna Singh, Sukhdev Prasad Singh, Radha Raman Sharma, Rajo Singh etc. The Popular Producer, Director & Music Director of Indian Film Industry Mr.Sudhakar Sneh [1] also comes from Biman, the village of Sheikhpura. Headquarters: Sheikhpura Area: 689 km. Population: Total: 525,502 Rural: 437,941 Urban: 87,561 Male:- 273,992 Female:- 251,510 Literacy:- 49.01% Male:- 62.56% Female:- 34.13% Sub Divisions: Sheikhpura Blocks: Ariari, Sheikpura, Barbigha, Ghatkosumbha, Chewara, Shekhopur Sarai. Villages:nimi, Biman, Lohan. Kasar, Karki, Diha, Farpar, Rampur, Ariari, Kaithwan, Bhadauns, Sirari, Hathiyawan, Mehuns, Katari, Mafo etc. School: D.M. High school, Islamia high school, High school Mehus, Janta High School Sirari College: S.K R. College Barbigha, Ramadhin college Police Stations: Sheikhpura P.S., Sirari O.P., Ariyari P.S., Kasar O.P., Mahuli O.P., Kusumbha O.P.,Chewara P.S., Karande O.P., Korma P.S., Mehus P.S., Barbigha P.S., Jayrampur O.P. Railway Stations: Sirari, Sheikhpura, Kusumbha (3)

No. of Panchayets: 54 Agriculture: Paddy, Wheat, Lentils, Onion Industry: Stone Crushing Rivers: Ganges, Mohane, Harohar, Kiul Tourist Place: Arghauti Pokhar, Girihinda Pahar (With Temple of Lord 'SHIV'), Samas (Lord 'VISHNU'),nimi,famous temple of maharani. Sheikhpura is a city and a municipality in Sheikhpura district in the Indian state of Bihar. Sheikhpura is also an administrative district in the state of Bihar in India. The district occupies an area of 689 km and has a population of 5,25,502 (as of 2001). Sheikhpura has given the leaders like Shree Krishna Singh, Sukhdev Prasad Singh, Radha Raman Sharma, Rajo Singh etc. The Popular Producer, Director & Music Director of Indian Film Industry Mr.Sudhakar Sneh [1] also comes from Sheikhpura. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Sheikhpura Town has a population of 49.361 Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Sheikhpura has an average literacy rate of 51%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 60%, and female literacy is 42%. In Sheikhpura, 18% of the population is under 6 years of age. Barbigha Barbigha (Hindi: ) is a city and a notified area in the Sheikhpura district of Bihar, India. Demographics According to the 2001 Indian census,[1] Barbigha had a population of 38,258. Males constituted 53% of the population and females 47%. Barbigha had an average literacy rate of 52%, lower than the national average of 59.5%; with 63% of the males and 37% of females literate. 19% of the population was under 6 years of age. The name is derived from the Hindi phrase:Barah Bigha, meaning "Twelve bigha". Barbigha has since grown to be come the biggest town market of the Sheikhpura district, serving as a commercial market of the surrounding villages. Famous Residents * Shri Ramdhari Singh, a poet, taught in Barbigha high school. * Dr Srikrishan Singh, first Chief minister of Bihar, is from Mour village (2KM outside of Barbigha). * Er.Sumant kumar Singh,S/o- shri krishankant, shakaldeo nagar ,barbigha,bihar. * Parth Sarthi Raju, S/o - shri Vidhan Chandra, Rampur Sinday, Barbigha, bihar. * Gopal Kumar, S/0 Sri Vijay Singh, Mahavir Chowk, Barbigha, Bihar. Bhojpur district, Bihar Bhojpur district (Hindi: ) is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar state in eastern India. Arrah town (also known as Ara) is the administrative headquarters of this district. The district occupies an area of 2,474 km and has a population of 1,792,771 (as of 2001[update]).

It is located at a longitude of 83-45' to 84-45' East and the latitude is 25-10' to 25-40' North and is situated at a height of 193 meters above sea level. Contents * 1 History o 1.1 The Revolt of 1857 o 1.2 Quit India Movement * 2 Geography * 3 Climate o 3.1 Rainfall o 3.2 Irrigation facilities o 3.3 Land use pattern o 3.4 Mines and minerals o 3.5 Industrialization * 4 Society and culture o 4.1 Films o 4.2 Fashion o 4.3 Literature o 4.4 Sports * 5 Important places and sites * 6 References History The present district of Bhojpur came into existence in 1992. Earlier this district was the part of the erstwhile Shahabad district. In the year 1972 Shahabad district was bifurcated in two parts namely Bhojpur and Rohtas. Buxar was a sub-division of the old Bhojpur district. In 1992 Buxar became a separate district and the rest of Bhojpur district now has three subdivisions-Ara Sadar, Jagdishpur and Piro. Ara town is the headquarters of the district and also its principal town. The district is bound on the north by the districts of Saran (Bihar) and the Balia district of Uttar Pradesh; on the south by the district of Rohtas; on the west by the district of Buxar and on the east by the district of Patna, Jahanabad and Arwal. It is said that Ara, the present headquarters of the district derives its name from the Sanskrit word Aranya, which means forest. It suggests that the entire area around modern Ara was heavily forested in old days. According to mythology, sage Vishwamitra, the Guru of Rama, had his 'Ashram' somewhere in this region. Bhojpur district has a close linkage with that of its parent district of Shahabad, which had an old and interesting history. In the pre-historic days also there is evidence of the area being inhabited. The 1961 Census report of Shahabad district describes the history of the district in following manner. "In the old days, Shahabad formed part of the ancient kingdom of Magadh which also contained portions of the present Patna & Gaya district. Though included in the kingdom of Emperor Ashoka, the general absence of Buddhists' monuments from a greater part of the district suggests that it remained almost immune from the Buddhist influence of the time.

"The famous Chinese pilgrim, Hieun-Tsang, who journeyed through the country in the seventh century A.D., paid a visit to Mo-Ho-Solo in Shahabad. This place has been identified with the present village Masarh, 10 km west of Ara on Ara-Buxar road. The Chinese pilgrim found that the inhabitants were all Brahmins who did not respect the law of Buddha. He, therefore, felt disappointed and did not proceed to any other place in the district." "Not much is known about the history of the district after the fall of Guptas. In all probability it relapsed into the hands of the aboriginal tribes and came under control of petty chieftains. The most dominant people during this period were Cheros. They ruled over the greater portion of the district. Then came the Rajputs from Ujjain in the province of Malwa. Raja Bhoj was their king and the term 'Bhojpur' now applicable to the area is derived from him." The Medieval period history of this district has been described in the following words : "While encamping at Ara in 1529 after his victory over the Afghan rulers, Babar proclaimed his sovereignty over Bihar . In commemoration of this event, the place was called Shahabad, which literally means 'the city of Emperor'. This name was later applied to the Sarkar within which Ara was included and eventually toe entire district." Akbar, after his accession, includes the district of Shahabad in his empire, though the control was not very tight. Akbar's General Man Singh, made efforts to organise the revenue administration of the district on a sound footing. But the local chiefs continued to resist. The Rajas of Jagdishpur and Bhojpur defied the Mughals. The Raja of Bhojpur rebelled against Jahangir. His successor Raja Pratap, was done to death by Shahjahan and the Queen was forced to many a muslim courtier. This finally quietened the Bhojpur family but stray troubles continued till the last days of Mughals. After this the District had a very uneventful history till 1857 when Kunwar Singh revolted against the Britishers in line with the Mutineers. The Revolt of 1857 Quit India Movement The history of "Quit India Movement" in 1942 is also written by the blood of the virtuous revolutionaries of this district. Two incidents are very important in the month of September 1942 for this district. Village Lasarhi, 32 km south of the district headquarters, Ara was the centre of the underground revolutionaries of Shahabad district. On 15 Sep. 1942, the British police surrounded the Lasarhi village. The people of not only Lasarhi but of the near-by villages like Dhakani and Chasi bravely faced the bullets of Sten gun and LMGs. In this course 7 men and 1 woman were killed. After passing of the Quit India Resolution on 9 Aug 1942, the district of Shahabad had seen many protest movement. To accelerate the movement, the revolutionaries of the district decided to hoist the tri-color at Ara collectorate. 28 Sep 1942 was decided the date by the district administration to deposit the "Role-Cess". On this very day a group of "Satyagrahi started Satyagrah at collectorate from the village Jagwalia. The group was led by a brave soldier of independence, Kavi Kailash of the village Ghoradei. Hiding from the eyes of police, the group reached somehow at Ara collectorate and hoisted the tri-color in the campus of Ara collectorate. The Satyagrahi were brutally beaten-up there. Kavi Kailash was

lifted and thrashed on a big stone near Ara collectorate tank. He was also tied with horse and brutally dragged on the roads. Then boiled water was poured over him. At last chanting the slogans of "Mahatma Gandhi ki Jai" and "Bharat Mata ki Jai", the brave son of Bhojpur led his life to the rest and became one important martyr of this district. Another village called Kulhariya, which is located 12 k.m east of Ara is also known for his bravery in quit India movement. Geography Climate The climate of the district is of moderately extreme type. The hot weather begins about the middle of March, when hot westerly winds begin to blow during the day. The months of April and May are extremely hot. In a normal year, the monsoon sets in by the third week of June and the rains continue with intermissions till about the end of September or the early part of October. The cold weather begins from the month of November and lasts till the beginning of March January is the coldest month when temperature comes down as low as 10 C. From the month of April till the first break down of the monsoon, the district experiences occasional thunder-storms also. Rainfall Rains set in June accompanied by a fall in temperature and increase in humidity. The district experiences maximum rains during the months of July and August. The average rain-fall, in the normal conditions, recorded in these months is in the proximity of 300 mm. The district gets easterly winds from June to September, which brings rains, from October the direction of the winds is reversed and westerly winds blow till May. There is slight rainfall in October, but November and December are quite dry. Some winter rain occurs in January and February. In session 2011 rain fall is also more and more less, due to which farmers are in problem. Irrigation facilities The river Sone and Ganges are the perennial sources of surface water. They can provide irrigation to major portion of agricultural lands. In the "Pre-Zamindari Abolition" days the Zamindars used to maintain "Ahars" and Pynes" which served the purposes of both irrigation and drainage in certain pockets of the district. Ordinary wells also used to be a good source of irrigation. The District Statistical Report published by the District Administration in the 2001, 15,493 hectors, and land is irrigated by big Sone canals, 14,940 hector, land is irrigated by middle Sone canals and 18,379 hectors, and land is irrigated by small canals. 2,582 hectors, land is irrigated by Govt. Electronic Tube wells and 2,099 hectors, of land is irrigated by Govt. Tub wells operated by diesel. The area of land irrigated by private Electric Tube wells is 8,263 hectors. And 16999 hectors of land is irrigated by diesel operated private Tube wells 58,586 hectors of land irrigated by other sources or irrigation like Ahars, wells and ponds etc. Thus this statistics shows that 177,341 hectors of land out of 2,37,526 hectors of land of total area is irrigated. It means 74.66 % land of the district is irrigated. Land use pattern

In this district both the irrigated and un-irrigated areas except the small hills are being exploited for cultivation. Even some of the large ponds and "Jhils" which were duckshooting areas have been de-watered and put to crop and grows "Boro crops". Intensive agriculture is also being attempted by what is popularly known as "Package Program". The Block Development Authorities are also trying to extend cultivation and improve the output. The remodelled Sone Canal System has the objective of bringing in more land under cultivation. Horticulture is spreading and orchards are springing up of all parts. The District Statistical Report published by the District Administration of Bhojpur in the year of 2001 shows the area of different crops production i.e. Paddy-1,05,155 hectors, Wheat-67,259 hectors, Maize- 2,779 hectors, Barley-1,154 hectors Gram-5,017 hectors Peas2,016 hectors, Arhar-919 hectors Masur-8,115 hectors Khesari-8,989 hectors Oil seeds (Sarso) 2,866 hectors Spices 31 hectors Vegetables 5,119 hectors, Fruits 2,651 hectors and Sugar cane 209 hectors. This report also published the data of the rate of production, which is provided to the district administration by the State Directorate. It states the rate of production different crops per hectors as follows: Paddy (High yielding irrigated)-3502 Kg per hectares. Paddy (Locally irrigated) -3330 kg per hectors, Wheat (High yielding irrigated)-2725 Kg per hectors. Wheat (High yielding unirrigated)-2707 Kg per hectors Masur-1047 kg per hectors Khesari-986 kg. Per hectors. Oil seeds (Sarso) 679 Kg per hectors and Gram 937 kg per hectors. Mines and minerals Mines and minerals resources in new Bhojpur district are very little. The only mineral product in this district is the sand from Sone river. About 40 km length of Sone river forms the part of southern and eastern and eastern boundary of the district of Bhojpur. The only managed sand - collecting centre is Koilwar, which is about 5 km strips. About 35 km length is not properly managed to gather the sand. Industrialization After bifurcation of the old Shahabad district in the new district of Bhojpur and Rohtas the large scale industries generally fell in Rohtas district. There are, however, different types of small & cottage industries other than some agro-based industries located in the district of Bhojpur. The District Statistical Report shows that between April 1992 and August 2000, 1,085 small tiny and cottage industries were registered with the District Industry Centre, Bhojpur. Altogether the capital invested in these industries is Rs-869.19 Lacs, and 1858 persons are employed in these industries. There is an industrial area located at Gidha (Koilwar) spread in an area of 30-40 acres of land under the Patna Industrial Development Authority. A bottling plant of Indane Gas (LPG) is also started in this area. The development of industries depends on the regular supply of power but the district gets very short supply of the electricity against the required energy. The industrialisation of the district badly hampered due to this problem Society and culture Films

Bhojpuri films have a far and wide viewership. Several film personalities from this region have made rich contributions to cinema. Mr. Viswanth Shahabadi had made Ganga Maiya Tohen Piyari Chadhaibo in 1960, which is still today widely acclaimed. Mr. Janardan Singh of Ara made Piya Nirmohia with Jai Tilak of Ara as hero. Sri Ashok Chand Jain and Mr. Laxman Shahabadi have made the film Ganga Kinare Mora Gaon, in which the latter's songs had been appreciated a lot. Mr. Jai Mohan of Ara was the villain of this film. Similarly many more artist have worked in films from this region and have made Ara the Hollywood of Bhojpuri films.The rising & Bright future in Bhojpuri singer Pawan Singh, Manoj Tiwary, Vinit Singh, Chotu Chaliya and many more are also belongs to ARA. They all have a good quality in their profession. Fashion Fashion, a general term for a currently popular style or practice, especially in clothing, foot wear or accessories.Clothing of an area often based on economic or social conditions.Basically Fashion of Ara is traditional but now people started wearing Western or Indo-western cloths.A lot of national and international brands have opened their showrooms in Ara. Vikash Singh A creative fashion designer of India who worked with Rohit Bal and Manish Arora is also from ara. Following him, many more students of Ara are pursuing Fashion Designing from NIFTs and NID. Literature Bhojpur has a rich literary lineage. Munshi Sadasukh Lal, Sayed Ishautullah, Lallu lal and Sadal Mishra ara famous for their work in 'Khari Boli'. From Bhartendu era Akhoury Yashodanad was as famous as editor and Sri Shivnandan Sahay for biography writings. Sri Jainendra Kishor Jain was well known novelist and dramatist. In Dwivedi era Mahamahopadhyay Pundit Sakal Narayan Sharma and Pundit Ramdahin Mishra were famous for prose writing. Acharya Shivpujan Sahay, great story writer, novelist and essayist, was from this area. In Chayavadi era Sri Kedarnath Mishra Prabhat, Sri Ramdayal Pandey, Collector Singh Keshari, Sri Nandkisor Tiwari, Sri Ramnath Pathak Pranaye and Prof. Sarvdev Tiwary Rakesh (well known Rakesh ji) were well known for their poetic skills. The first Bhojpuri Mahakabya "Kaljayi Kunwar Singh" was written by Prof. Sarvdev Tiwary Rakesh. The list of personalities contributing towards a lot in literary field from this region is long. Sports Bhojpur District is progressing very fast in the field of sports. The District Sports Associations are actively promote games and sports. They are creating sporting environment for a large variety of games with the vitality, interest & involvement of the local people. The leadership provided by some leading name in field of sports and games had raised the position of Bhojpur in the state level and national level. For example Bhojpur badminton association has born several young players who not only won lot of matches in district but even in national level also.Some of the players are: Radhika Raman Singh,Vishal Anand,Badal Ojha,Saurabh Kamal,and many more.

There is a very beautiful stadium namely Veer Kunwar Sigh Stadium, at Ramna, Ara and an Indoor Stadium that has excellent Badminton court and gymnasium. Important places and sites Gundi Village :- Birth Place of World fame Great Saint Awadhoot Bhagwan Ram, popularly known as Sarkar Baba or Bhagwan Ramji. He was born in 1937 at Gundi village. Later he moved to Baba Keenaram Sthal ( Thousands year old Spiritual Centre & Worldfame Headquarter of Aghor sect at Varanasi ) , at the age of 7 (Seven) only . Sun Temple at Dev: The Dev village of Tarari block has statue of the Sun god besides several other deities. These statues are said to be of 14th century or even before. Veer Kunwar Singh Kila, Jagdishpur The great warrior of 1857 belonged to Jagdishpur. His fort is still there to reminds us of the great son of the soil who fought for the freedom till his last. Maharaja College, Ara The present Maharaja college premises is an important historical site. There is an entry point of a tunnel that is believed to be connected with the Jagdishpur fort of Kunwar Singh. Aranya Devi Temple This is famous temple of Aranya Devi (Forest Goddess). She is said to be the deity goddess of Ara town. Here one statue is of ADI SAKTI and the second is established by the Pandavas. The temple is very old and draws many devotees every day. It is situated at the top of stone boulde "MAA KALI MANDIR" This temple is situated at Bakhorapur about 15 km from Ara. This is one of the oldest temples in India and so big. A 85 feet (26 m) high statue of maa kali is being made near this temple. Temple is situated at the bank of holly river ganga. The main temple is made of granite and marble stones. Nowadays this palace is famous for different types of films and suiting. Chaturvuj Narayan Mandir This very ancient statue of Laxmi -Narayan is situated at Chaturvuj village of Piro block. Bhavani Mandir Chaturvuj Baraon - 13th-century statue . Jagdamba Mandir Here is an ancient statue of Goddess Jagdamba at Mukundpur village of Charpokhari block. Parswanath Mandir It is a century old Jain Temple located at Masadh Village. Mahamaya Mandir This temple is at Ekwari village of Sahar block. This was made during Mughal period. Mahathin Mai Mandir This is located at Bihiya, draws lots of women devotees. Jain Sidhant Bhawan It has a such library which contains unique collection of materials related to Jainism. Paihari Jee Ka Ashram It is an ashram at Dhrampur village at Sahar block. Lakar Sah Ki Mazar It is situated at Sahpur, it a famous mazar of a local Muslim saint. Kurwa Shiv There are some ancient statues related to Banasur. It is situated in Shahpur Billoti Road.

Venkatesh Mandir This temple situated at Perhap village has a statue of Southern architectural style. Sahi Jama Masjid This mosque built by Shersah is located at Garhani Bazzar. Renovation work is in progress here. The Great Jama Masjid It is situated at Bhaluana village.Renovation work is in progress here. The land is very fertile, being on the Ganges Plain. This area is known for its rich language Bhojpuri. * Population: Total: 1,792,771 Rural: 1,557,287 Urban: 235,484 * Sub Divisions: Ara Sadar, Jagdishpur, Piro * Blocks: Ara Sadar,Udwantnagar, Jagdishpur, Koilwar, Sahar, Barhara, Sandesh, Shahpur, Charpokhari, Piro, Tarari, Bihia, Agiawon, Garhani * Agriculture: Rich Paddy Fields, Wheat, Maize, Bengal Gram, Grain * Industry: Rice, Automobiles, Clothes and Oil Mills. * Rivers: Ganges, Sone. * Hotel:Park View Hotel. * Veer Kunwar Singh University. * Colleges: Maharaja College, Jagjivan College, Jain College, Sahjanand Brahamarshi College, Sanjay Gandhi College, Maa Maitryainee Yogini senior secondary school-Gundi, Mahant Mahadevanand Mahila Mahavidyalay, Ara, Dr. K. K. Mandal (Jagdishpur), Saint Barahna Mahila college (Jagdishpur) STSM College, Panwari T.S.I.M College,ara * School: Catholic School, H.N.K High school, H.P.D Jain school, DAV PUBLIC SCHOOL, D K CARMEL RESIDENCIAL HIGH SCHOOL, JEAN PAUL HIGH SCHOOL,HK JAIN GYAN ASTHALI, BALRAM BHAGAT HIGH SCHOOL KRISHNA BAG BABHNAULI{at koilwar police station} * Mosque: Badi Masjid, Ara * "Temple : "Maa Mahthin Mai Mandir", Bihiya, "Aaranya Devi Temple", Surya mandir, Belaur * Historical places: Krishan Garh, beside the river Ganges in the Ara District, is the location of a five hundred year old temple dedicated to Lord Shiva.[citation needed] "Maa Kali Temple" at Bakhorapur about 15 km from Ara. This is one of the oldest temples in India and so big. A 85 feet (26 m) high statue of maa kali is being made near this temple. Temple is situated at the bank of holly river ganga. The main temple is made of granite and marble stones. "Baba Dineshwar nath Dham" at Koilwar, it's that 16 km from Ara. It is dedicated to Lord Shiva. This Temple is situated at the bank of river "Sone", Jagdishwar Madir at Milki (Khutaha) village about 40 km from Ara. There is an old Shiva temple in village Bartiar under Sandesh police station, some 20 km from district hq. Arrah Arrah (Hindi: , Urdu: ) is a city and a municipal corporation in Bhojpur district in the )but it was misspelt by the British

stateof Bihar, India. The actual name of Arrah is Ara (

and now corrected to Ara but still known as Arrah in many records. It is the district headquarters of Bhojpur district, located near the confluence of the Ganges and Sone rivers, some 24 mi. from Danapur and 36 miles from Patna.[1] Contents * 1 History * 2 Demographics * 3 References * 4 External links History Arrah is an ancient city with references in mythological stories and Greek geographical works. It has been a centre of attraction for Jainism with dozens of old temples and hermitages. It is known for the important battle (Battle of Buxar) in October, 1764, when Mir Kasim, Nawab of Bengal with the support of the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II and Shujaud-daulla, Nawab of Avadh was defeated by the East India Company Army whilst Robert Clive, was Governor General , the key event establishing the British colonialisation of India. During the Indian rebellion of 1857, a small party of British officers and Indian soldiers was besieged in the Little House at Arrah, by a band of armed soldiers under the command of 80 year old Veer Kunwar Singh, the Zamindar of adjacent Jagdishpur. They withstood the siege for three weeks until relieved by other East India Company troops.[2]Babu Kunwar Singh was the only successful freedom fighter of the rebellion of 1857. The British failed to defeat him. He is the only fighter who died in freedom.< ref IGNOU material on Modern India> Demographics As of 2001 India census,[3] Arrah had a population of 203,395. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Arrah has an average literacy rate of 67%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 60% of the males and 40% of females literate.Ara is Very Famous Palace Of Bhojpur and beautiful temples like that of Joda Mandir. Behea Behea (Hindi: , Urdu: ) is a small town and a notified area in Bhojpur district in the state of Bihar, India. Contents * 1 Demographics * 2 Culture * 3 Economy * 4 References Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Behea had a population of 20,809. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Behea has an average literacy rate of 59%, lower than the national average of 59.5%; with 59% of the males and 41% of females literate. 17% of the population is under 6 years of age. This town is alternatively spelled as Bihiya. The town boasts of a railway station and is a business hub for small time traders, who mainly collect agricultural produce from the

farmers and sell in larger cities and even in neighbouring countries. There are a handful of timber traders too, who get timber and stone slabs from bigger cities and supply it to the villagers, who use it for construction of their house. One of the popular trading company at this place is Vishwakarma stone Company. Here a very famous school named Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya Behea Bhojpur is situated. It is government school, It was opened by Rajeev Gandhi CM of India for the purpose of pickup engineers from ruler side of india. Another reason why many people visit the town is because of the "Mahthin Mai" temple. Its considered to be very holy for Hindus and the temple compound hosts a number of fairs. The language of almost all people in Behea and the rest of Bhojpur district is Bhojpuri, a very rich language. Culture The old tradition is also following in Behea. Two religions are there Hindus and Muslims. The famous sweet of Behea is Jalabi and puri which you can find just outside of Behea station. The villige people wear dhoti-kurta and ladies wears saree. Economy It is a agricultural area where production is wheat and rice. Koilwar Koilwar (also spelt Koelwar) (Hindi: , Urdu: ) is a notified area in Bhojpur district in the Indian state of Bihar. Contents * 1 Geography o 1.1 Koilwar bridge * 2 Demographics * 3 Health * 4 References Geography Koilwar is located at 2535N 8448E / 25.58N 84.80E / 25.58; 84.80. It has an average elevation of 39 metres (128 ft).[1] Koilwar bridge Koilwar is situated on the River Sone; its steel rail road bridge called as Abdul Bari Bridge, made before independence, is shown in the film Gandhi. The Koelwar bridge across the Sone river was built by the British in 1900. A two lane road (NH 30) runs just under the rail tracks. Sand mining near the pillars of this old bridge has created structural problems recently. Demographics In the 2001 India census,[2] Koilwar had a population of 19,925. Males constitute 61% of the population and females 39%. Koilwar has an average literacy rate of 55%, lower than the national average of 59.5%. Male literacy is 55%, female literacy 54%. 19% of the population is under 6 years of age. Health The village boasts a renowned TB hospital.

Piro Piro (Hindi: , Urdu: ) is a city and a notified area in Bhojpur District in the Indian state of Bihar. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 Demographics * 3 References * 4 See also Geography Piro is located at 2520N 8425E / 25.33N 84.42E / 25.33; 84.42.[1] It has an average elevation of 72 metres (236 feet). This is a small town with located on arrah-sasaram main road. It's densely populated from the nearby villagers. The nearby villagers are depends on this small city for their small small needs. In Piro the main market and oldest market is "GOLA". It is famous for Footwear shop and cosmetics items.Piro has mainly two roads "ARA-SASARAM" and "BIHIA" road. In bihia Road first village is Bhagalpur near to "MOLVI CHOWK". In Bhagalpur there is Agovernment school is 'Matiya waali -Urdu primary school'. Most of the people from Bhagalpur have complited their schooling from this school.Bhagalpur Consist of a very nice concrete road connecting to Bihia road at Molvi Chowk. Bhagalpur has its specialty that this village doesn't have any Soil house it has only solid concrete and bricks made house.There is a hestorical place and ground called "PADAW", It is famous for Football match yearly organized by local- Piro people, most of the cultural event, political programme and other events are organized here. It is located in centre of Piro. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Piro had a population of 25,638. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Piro has an average literacy rate of 56%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 65%, and female literacy is 45%. In Piro, 18% of the population is under 6 years of age. Piro is a small city. Its nearest famous village is KARATH Shahpur Shahpur (Hindi: Indian state of Bihar. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 Demographics * 3 Culture * 4 References * 5 See also Geography , Urdu: ) is a city and a notified area in Bhojpur district in the

Shahpur is located at 2535N 8427E / 25.58N 84.45E / 25.58; 84.45.[1] It has an average elevation of 51 metres (167 feet). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Shahpur had a population of 14,456. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Shahpur has an average literacy rate of 47%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 58%, and female literacy is 34%. In Shahpur, 19% of the population is under 6 years of age. Shahpur assembly constituency covers Shahpur community development block; and Barishwan, Belwti, Gaura, Karisath, Semariya, Sanbarisha, Bahoranpur, Beheya,chaurasta, Itawa, Gopalpur, Ranisagar, Karnamepur, Ramdthi, Banahi, Baghi, Diha, Sikariya and Kauria.[3] This town is alternatively spelled as Shahpurpatti. The town comes between Ara and Buxer Main Road highway,. Here a very famous school named Gyan Asthali School is situated. It is Besed like CBSE, Not have any School Like Gyan Asthali Between Ara and Buxer. Another reason why many people visit the town is because of the This a town of Temple (Mandiro ka sahar) "Mahavira Sthan" "Kundeswar Dham" temple. Its considered to be very holy for Hindus and the temple compound hosts a number of fairs. The language of almost all people in Shahpur and the rest of Bhojpur district is Bhojpuri, a very rich language. Culture The old tradition is also following in Shahpur. There are several religions including Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs and Christians. The famous sweet of Shahpur is Jhrua(Ka Mithai) Jalabi and puri which you can find just Main Market ShahPur. The villiger peoples wear dhoti-kurta and ladies wears saree. Buxar district Buxar district is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar state, India. The district headquarters are located at Buxar. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 History o 2.1 Mythology o 2.2 Panchkoshi Parikrama * 3 Demographics * 4 Economy * 5 Transportation * 6 Gallery * 7 References Geography The district occupies an area of 1624 km. History Mythology

This place was also known as "Siddhashram", "Vedgarbhapuri", "Karush", "Tapovan", "Chaitrath", "VyaghraSar", "Buxar" in ancient history. The History of Buxar dates back even prior to the period of Ramayana. The word Buxar is said to have been derived from VyaghraSar. The tiger face of Rishi Vedshira, an outcome of the curse of the sage Rishi Durvasha, was restored after bathing in a holy tank which was later named as Vyaghra Sar. According to mythology, sage Vishwamitra the family guru of Lord Rama and eighty eight thousand saints, had their sacred ashram at the banks of holy river Ganges that reside inside the modern District Buxar. He was disturbed in the yagna (sacrificial offering) by the demons. The place where due killing of the famous Rakshasi (demoness) Tadika by Lord Rama, is said to fall within the present Buxar town area. Besides, Lord Rama and his younger brother Laxman took their teachings at Buxar. It is also said that Ahilya, the wife of Gautam Rishi restored her human body from that of stone and got salvation by a mere touch of the feet of Lord Rama. This place is presently known as Ahirauli and is situated six kilometers away from the Buxar town. The Kanwaldah Pokhara also known as VyaghraSar is a tourist spot nowadays.[2] Panchkoshi Parikrama Many people once in a year taka round of this religious area called Panchkoshi Parikrama. They perform it in five days by halting in night in five villages surrounding Buxar. During this visit they cook five different kinds of food. One of them is called litti-bhanta. This recipe is famous in Bihar, Litti is ball like structure made of wheat powder by filling the black gram roasted powder mixed with salt and spices called sattu. Bhanta (Round Brinjal) roasted in the fire of dung along with potato and tomato finally all are smashed after removing its peel and taken with litti which is also roasted in the same fire. Demographics Buxar district had a population of 1,403,462 in 2001, out of which 738,239 were males and 665,223 were females. It had a population density of 864 per km2 and sex ratio of 901.[3] Economy Main economic activity of the district is agriculture and related trade. Rice and wheat are main crops. Sugarcane production, once prominent, has come down since closure of the local sugar factory. Transportation The town Buxar is located on the bank of river Ganges (Ganga). A road bridge over Ganges connects Buxar with Ballia District of neighboring state Uttar Pradesh. The town is connected to the state capital Patna by rail and road routes. Substantial proportion of trade activities are with well connected towns and cities in Uttar Pradesh such as Varanasi, Ballia and Ghazipur. Buxar (Hindi: , Urdu: ) is a city in the state of Bihar in the Eastern part of India. It is the headquarters of Buxar District. The word Buxar is said to have been derived from VyaghraSar. The tiger face of Rishi Vedshira, an outcome of the curse of the sage Rishi Durvasha, was restored after bathing in a holy tank which was later named as VyaghraSar.

The present district of Buxar consists of areas under Buxar Sadar and Dumraon Sub-Division of the old Bhojpur district and came in existence in the year 1991. Buxar town is the headquarter of the district and also its principal town. The district is bounded on the north by Ballia district of U.P., on the south by Rohtas district, on the west by Ghazipur and Ballia districts of U.P. and on the east by Bhojpur district. The town Buxar is located on the bank of river Ganges (Ganga). A road bridge over Ganges connects Buxar with Ballia District in the neighboring state Uttar Pradesh. The town is connected to the state capital Patna by rail and road routes. The Buxar railway station is a major station. Many major trains pass through the station due to its strategic location. The language spoken is "Bhojpuri" and the script is "Devanagari". Substantial proportion of trade activities are with well connected towns and cities in Uttar Pradesh such as Varanasi, Ballia and Ghazipur. Contents * 1 Administrative Units * 2 Demography * 3 History o 3.1 Battle of Buxar (October 1764) * 4 Mythology * 5 Beliefs of Historical Context * 6 Geography * 7 Agriculture * 8 See also * 9 References Administrative Units Buxar district consist of 2 Sub-division and 11 Blocks. Of the 11 Blocks, 7 are in Dumraon Sub-division while 4 in Buxar Sadar Sub-division. Demography As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Buxar had a population of 738354. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Buxar has an average literacy rate of 72%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 77% and female literacy of 59%. 16% of the population is under 6 years of age. History In addition to mythological references of Buxar modern historical record are limited to two battles. The earliest of the two was fought between the Mughal dynastic descendant Humayun and Sher Shah Suri at Chousa in 1539 A.D. The battle was won by Sher Shah Suri who is acclaimed for his visionary contribution the Grand Trunk Road project. Later in 1764 Battle of Buxar was fought (see below). In Hindu religious literature, Buxar is believed to be referenced as "Siddhashram", "Vedgarbhapuri", "Karush", "Tapovan", "Chaitrath", "VyaghraSar". Some claim that the history of Buxar dates back even prior to the period of Ramayana. The etymology of word Buxar is Vyaghra + Sar; Sanskrit words that mean, Tiger and Pond respectively. Presumable

suggestive of a pond or lake which was visited by tigers of the region. This is the most accepted origin of the name of the town. Another story relates the name to tiger face of Rishi Vedshira, an outcome of the curse of the sage Rishi Durvasha, was restored after bathing in a holy tank which was later named as VyaghraSar. Battle of Buxar (October 1764) Main article: Battle of Buxar Mir Kasim (reign:1760 to 1763), made an attempt to recover Bengal from the hands of British. In 1764, he enlisted the support of Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II and Nawab Shuja Ud Daulah of Oudh (Awadh). On October 23, 1764, Mir Kasim with his army was defeated at the Battle of Buxar by the British Major Hector Monro who led a contingent of 857 European soldiers and 6213 sepoys. The battle ground (Katkauli) is situated at about 6 kilometers from downtown Buxar. The stone memorial erected by Britishers at Katkauli bears testament to the fight even today. A circumstancial account of this battle is provided by Percival Spear. It was a significant battle fought between the forces under the command of the British East India Company on the one side, and the combined armies of Mir Kasim, the Nawab of Bengal ; Nawab of Awadh; and Shah Alam II, the Mughal Emperor. This victory paved the way for British Empire in India. The battle resulted into securing of Diwani rights to administer the collection and management of revenues of large areas which currently form parts of Indian states of West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand, and Uttar Pradesh , as well as of Bangladesh. The Battle of Buxar heralded the establishment of the rule of the East India Company in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent. the Mythology According to mythology, sage Vishwamitra the family guru of Lord Rama and eighty thousand saints, had their sacred ashram at the banks of holy river Ganges that reside inside the modern District Buxar. He was disturbed in the yagna (sacrificial offering) by the demons. The place where due killing of the famous Rakshasi (demoness) Tadika by Lord Rama, is said to fall within the present Buxar town area. Besides, Lord Rama and his younger brother Laxman took their teachings at Buxar. It is also said that Ahilya, the wife of Gautam Rishi restored her human body from that of stone and got salvation by a mere touch of the feet of Lord Rama. This place is presently known as Ahirauli and is situated six kilometers away from the Buxar town. The Kanwaldah Pokhara also known as VyaghraSar is a tourist spot nowadays. Ancient Significance of Buxar is mentioned in ancient epics like Brahamana Purana and Varah Purana. According to Ramayana, sage Vishwamitra the family guru of Lord Rama and eighty thousand saints, had their sacred ashram at the banks of holy river Ganges that reside inside the modern District Buxar. He was disturbed in the yagna (sacrificial offering) by the demons. The place where due killing of the famous Rakshasi (demoness) named Tadika by Lord Rama, is said to fall within the present Buxar town area. Besides, Lord Rama and his younger brother Laxman took their teachings at Buxar.

It is also said that Ahilya, the wife of Gautam Rishi restored her human body from that of stone and got salvation by a mere touch of the feet of Lord Rama. This place is presently known as Ahirauli and is situated six kilometers away from the Buxar town. The Kanwaldah Pokhara also known as VyaghraSar is a tourist spot nowadays. Beliefs of Historical Context Buxar is famous since the epic period for being the seats of eminent saints, battlefield of Gods and Demons as per Puranas and a combat zone between foreign invasion and countrymen in modern history. The remains from archaeological excavations have established the link of Buxar with ancient civilisations of Mohanjodaro and Harappa. This place was also known as "Siddhashram", "Vedgarbhapuri", "Karush", "Tapovan", "Chaitrath", "VyaghraSar", "Buxar" in ancient history. The History of Buxar dates back even prior to the period of Ramayana. ramrekha ghat Geography Stretching over an area of 1,62,380 hectares. Buxar lies on the border with the neighboring state of Uttar Pradesh. River Ganges (Ganga) forms the border in north and in the west river Karmanasa. The entire strip of land between the river Ganges and stretches in south beyond main line of the Eastern Railways. The land form is low lying alluvial plane of river Ganges and her tributaries- Thora and Karmanasa. The river Karmansa joins the Ganges near Chousa. The region is considered to be the best wheat growing area in the State and India. CLIMATIC CONDITION The climate of the district is moderate. The hot weather begins from the middle of March when hot westerly winds begin to blow during the day. The months of April and May are extremely hot, normally the monsoon sets in by the third week of June and continues with intermission till the end of September. The cold weather begins from the months of November and lasts till the beginning of March, January is the coldest month when the temperature comes down as low as 10 C. From the month of April, till the break o f monsoon, the district experiences occasional thunder storms also. RAINFALL Rain sets sometimes in June accompanied by fall in temperature and increase in humidity. The district experiences maximum rain during the months of July and August. There is slight rainfall in October but November and December are quite dry. FORESTS Due to deforestation, the forest area of this district is very thin. Some common trees of this district are Mango, Seasum, Mahua, Bamboo and some types of long grasses (Jhalas) are found near diara area of the river Ganges. Jhalas grass is mostly used in roat making of kuccha houses. The forest of the district are not rich in their products. Fire wood is the most important among its products. The district had variety of wild animals and game birds when the forest were thick. With the increase in irrigation facilities, the area under cultivation has grown, consequently diminishing the forest. The wild animals have suffered in the process and their number has gone down very considerably. Neelgain, spotted deer are found in the Plains and near the

Ganges bank. A considerable number of monkeys are also found in the Buxar Town area. Birds of different types like Parrot, Patridges, Quails are also found in the district. IRRIGATION FACILITIES The river Sone and Ganges are the perennial source of surface water. They provide irrigation to major portion of agricultural land. In old days the people used to maintain hars and pynes which served the purpose of both irrigation and drainage. The district Gazetteer of Shahabad (1966) mention as follows: The agricultural prosperity of the district depends on artificial irrigation without which may tracts would be uncultivated and the land would be unable to grow sufficient food crops to sustain its population. The three great sources of irrigation were artificial reservoirs, wells and Sone Canal, all of which helped to supplement the natural supply of water and to compensate for its inadequacy or untimely distribution. Ahars are artificial reservoirs meant to collect the rain water. These long shallow tanks where protected by small embankments and served as artificial catchment basin for receiving the water coming down from the adjacent lands. From the ahars, water channels (pines) are connected. The swoons of artificial irrigation mentioned so far however are of minor importance as compared to the Sone Canal system which has been the most important source of irrigation in the district. LAND use PATTERNS In this district both the irrigated and non-irrigated areas are being exploited for cultivation purpose. Even some of the large ponds (Jhils) like one at Dumraon which was a duck shooting area have been put to use for cultivation purpose. Rice, wheat, grams and pluses are the main crops of the district: in some areas near, old Bhojpur vegetables are abundantly grown. These crops and vegetables are transported to other districts. The straw is used as fodder and for rooting the houses. INDUSTRIALISATION There are however different types of small scale and cottage industries located in this district of Buxar, the details of which have been given below:: 1. Soap Industry: It is mainly concentrated in Buxar and Dumraon. 2. Timber and Furniture works: It is located at Buxar and Dumraon. 3. Leather Industry: There are individual leather workers all over the district. There is a concentration of them at Khilafatpur village in Buxar Sadar Sub-division who are engaged in shoe making. LIVE STOCK The district of Buxar has large majority of the people engaged in agricultural pursuits and deriving their livelihood from agricultural pursuits. The possession of livestock generally adds to the social status of the farmer. The quality of the live stock has improved because of serious efforts by the Government and the response of the farmers. Since the district has quite a large population of prosperous agriculturists mostly due to the suitability of facilities of canal irrigation the farmers of the canal irrigated area have considerably cattle wealth. Agricultural census conducted taken in 1991 shows the cattle wealth of the district as: Cow-

184325, Sheep-15430, Horse-3341, Camel-15, Buffalo-114112, Goat-82186, Mula-240, Ass-1646, Pig-13235, Poultry-70305. COMMUNICATIONS The district has been fairly rich in road communication for a long time. Francis Buchhunan has mentioned in Buxar Journal that there are some very good roads in the district. He travelled by a very good road with brick bridges from Koilwar to Buxar. He also mentioned a few other good roads viz. the great road to Buxar, the Varanasi road to Sasaram and the great road to Dumraon-Patna-Arrah-Buxar road, Behiya-Piro road, Dumraon-Nasriganj road, Sasaram-Bikramganj-Arrah road as also worth mentioning. Buxar, the district headquarters is on the main line of the Eastern Railways. The Ganges is navigable all the year round and goods are transported to Kolkatta on the east and places in Uttar Pradesh on the west through the rivers. TRADE AND COMMERCE The important wholesale markets in the district are at Buxar and Dumraon. The main commodities exported from Buxar Railway Station are rice, paddy, gur, mango, and the main imports are engineering goods, medicine etc. Buxar is a district town and an important trade centre. It is also served by railways, roadways and waterways. It is located on the bank of river Ganges and the main trade of the town is grain, vegetables, fish and manufactured goods of jail industry (Central Jail, Buxar manufactures, carpets etc.). There are also a number of mandies and important marketing centres located at Arrah and Buxar. Panchkoshi Parikrama This is a religious area. Many people once in a year take a round of this religious area called panchkoshi parikrama. They perform it in five days by halting in night in five villages surrounding Buxar. During the visit they cook their own food called litti-bhanta. This is a vegetarian dish which is famous in Bihar, Litti is ball like structure made of wheat powder by filling the black gram roasted powder mixed with salt and spices called sattu. Bhanta (Round Brinjal) roasted in the fire of dung along with potato and tomato finally all are smashed after removing its peel and served with litti which is also roasted in the same fire. Agriculture Agriculture is the main occupation of the majority of the people of this district. One major canal passing through this district has been the source of irrigation for the farmers along with its subsidiary channels. However, over time it has not been receiving the due care and maintenance that it needs and hence, it has become a less reliable source of irrigation, particularly, at the lower end of it. The farmers are engaged in growing rice, wheat, sugarcane, potato, jowar, bajra, maize, sunflower and all varieties of green vegetables. The district is abundant with mango trees. The district has various banks which provide loans to farmers.I like it Buxar is famous since the epic period for being the seats of eminent saints, battlefield of Gods and Demons as per Puranas and a combat zone between foreign invasion and

countrymen in modern history. Ancient Significance of Buxar is mentioned in ancient epics like Brahamana Purana and Varah Purana: Dumraon Dumraon (Hindi: , Urdu: ) is a city and a municipality in Buxar district in the state of Bihar, India. Ustad Bismillah Khan, the shehnai maestro from India was born on 21 March 1916 at Bhirung Raut Ki Gali here. Contents * 1 Introduction * 2 History * 3 Geography * 4 Demographics * 5 Colleges * 6 Government High school * 7 Railways * 8 References Introduction Dumraon is an old town (one of the oldest in the municipality of Bihar) in Buxar district in Bihar (pin no. 802119). It is also one of the oldest princely states of India. It is famous for its mats and 'Dari'. Bihariji Ka Mandir , Dumrejani mai ka Mandir & Kaliji Ka Mandir are some very beautiful tourist and religious destinations. Ariaon, Mathila, Bagen are some of the villages in the region of Dumraon. History Horil shah was the founder of this big town, and so it was earlier known as Horilnagar.Horilshah was the first ruler of this town,who was a descendant of "Raja Bhoj Of Dhar" and came from Ujjain .Dumraon Was a princely state till the British invoked in and then The Maharaja Of Dumraon signed an agreement with British and The Riyasat of Dumraon came under the rule of British.In 1947 after the independence of India the Privy purse issued to the Maharaja of Dumraon and Dumraon became a part of the independent IndiaDumraon also played a significant role in war of freedom, (kapilmuni, Harihar prasad gupta where the few freedom fighter), Dumraon has one of the Oldest municipality of Bihar built my then the Maharaja of Dumraon. The great shehnai mastero Bismillah Khan belonged to this town. Geography Dumraon is located at 2533N 8409E / 25.55N 84.15E / 25.55; 84.15.[1] It has an average elevation of 61 metres (200 feet). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Dumraon had a population of 45,796. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Dumraon has an average literacy rate of 54%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 64% and, female literacy is 43%. In Dumraon, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age. Colleges

* D.K. college, Dumraon * S.M. Women's college, Dumraon * Inter college, Dumraon * C.P.S.S. Inter Collage, Dumraon Government High school * Raj High School, Dumraon * M.U.High school, Dumraon * C.P.S.S High School, Dumraon * M.C. High School, Dumraon * Maharani usha rani High School, Dumraon * G.H. Urdu High School. Dumraon Railways Dumraon Railway Station is located in between Ara and Buxar Railway Station ( it is situated on the Delhi- Howarh via Patna main line). DURE is the station code for Dumraon Railway station. Raghunathpur Raghunathpur (Hindi: , Urdu: ) is a census town in Buxar District in the Indian state of Bihar. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 Demographics * 3 References * 4 See also Geography Raghunathpur is located at 2520N 8411E / 25.33N 84.19E / 25.33; 84.19.[1] It has an average elevation of 58 metres (190 feet). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Raghunathpur had a population of 5601. Males constitute 55% of the population and females 45%. Raghunathpur has an average literacy rate of 53%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 62%, and female literacy is 42%. In Raghunathpur, 18% of the population is under 6 years of age. Kaimur district Kaimur district is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar state, India. The district headquarters are located at Bhabua. The district occupies an area of 3363 km and has a population of 1,284,575 (as of 2001[update]). A considerable hilly, forested area, currently infested by bandits. Kaimur district is a part of Patna division. Contents * 1 History * 2 Geography * 3 Statistics * 4 Demographics

* 5 Economy * 6 Transportation o 6.1 Train o 6.2 Road * 7 See also * 8 References * 9 External links History Kaimur district was established in 1991. It was sectioned off from the Rohtas district. The earliest evidence of human habitation in the district consists of rock paintings in the Lehda forest that date to around 20,000 years ago. Geography The Kaimur Range and Rohtas Plateau cover the southern part of this district. The Karmnasha and Durgawati rivers run through the district. A large forest covers part of Kaimur; it measures 1,06,300 hectares and contains the Kaimur Wildlife Forest Sanctuary which is home to tigers, leopards and chinkaras. Statistics Headquarters: Bhabua Area:Total 340441 hectare Population: Total: Sub Divisions: Mohania, Bhabua Blocks: Bhabua, Ramgarh, Mohania, Durgawati, Adhaura, Bhagwanpur, Chand, Chainpur, Kudra, Rampur, Nuawon Agriculture: Paddy, Wheat, Potato, Lentils, and more Temperature: minimum 0.8 (2002 AD) degree C - maximum 49.8 (1996) degree C Industry: Dalda mills Rivers: Durgawati River, Karmanasa River, Kudra river. Demographics The total population of the district is 12,84,575 with a rural population of 12,43,068 persons and an urban population of 41,507. 6,73,556 residents are male and 6,11,019 are female. There are 907 females for every 1000 males. 34.41% of the population is working; 381298 males (71%) and 188962 females (39%).[2] Economy Agriculture the is the main component of the economy in the district. Rice, wheat, telhan, dalhan and maize are the main crops. Industries located in the district include Vanaspati Oil Ltd. and the Power Grid Corporation of India's high voltage direct current (HVDC) grid station at Pusauli. Transportation Train The district has only a major station at Mohania, mostally known as "Bhabua Road" on the Howrah-New Delhi Grand Card in Mughalsarai region.

The statiion code is "BBU" The main trains are * Purushottam Express, * Mahabodhi Exp(2397), * Poorva(Hawra delux) Exp, * Kalka Mail, * Jharkhand Exp, * Neelanchal Exp, * Mumbai Mail, * Doon Exp, * Chamble Exp, * Shipra Exp, * Sealdah Exp, * BudhPurnima Exp, * Asansol-Ahmedabad Exp, * Dikshabhumi Exp, * Jodhpur Exp, * Garib Nawaj Exp, * Ranchi Varanasi Exp * Ranchi Garib Rath Exp * Jharkhand swarana jayanti Exp * Gaya Chennai Exp * Ludhiyana Dhanbad Exp There is an proposed railway line which will connect from Arrah to Mundeshwari via ramgarh - Mohania - Bhabua The town is 180 km from Patna and 60 km from Varanasi by road. Other stations are Kudra, Durgawati, Pusauli Road National Highway 2 (G.T. Road) crosses through the heart of the city. National Highway 30 originates from this city and connect with the capital Patna via Arrah. Apart from these, there are also a few State Highways in the city. Mohania is connected to Bauxar via Ramgarh from the south and with Bhabua (district capital, Audhaura, Bhagwanpur) from the south. Mohania Sub-division is situated on Gaya-Mughalsarai Section of Grand Chord Railway line; the railway station is called Bhabua Road. The district headquarter is located at a distance of 14 km southward from the railway station or the G.T. Road that is Bhabua. The famous temple mundeshawari devi is situated in kaimur district.The route for this temple goes through the mohania.If someone wants to go to this temple then he should arrive at Bhabua road station first then he may take the bus to go to mundeshawari devi temple. The nearest Airport is at Varanasi. Bhabua

Bhabua (Hindi:

, Urdu: ) is a city and a municipality in Kaimur district in the state

of Bihar, India. It is the headquarters of Kaimur district in the state of Bihar, in India. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 Demographics * 3 Transport * 4 Education * 5 Ekta Chowk * 6 References Geography Bhabua is located at 2503N 8337E / 25.05N 83.62E / 25.05; 83.62.[1] It has an average elevation of 76 metres (249 feet). Bhabua is divided into 26 wards. Here is the Hanuman mandir which is just like Patna hanuman mandir. The Collectriate of Bhabua is one of best official building in Bihar. Here is a beautiful stadium which name is Jagjivan Stadium near Sadar Block. In the west, there is a river called Suwara. Mundesvari Temple which is the ancient temple of Bihar is situated on the Pawara hill is 10 km from Bhabua town. It is a very good place to see the nature. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Bhabua had a population of 41,507.At present 1,00,000 (approx)population of Bhabua city. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Bhabua has an average literacy rate of 66%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 61% of the males and 39% of females literate. 16% of the population is under 6 years of age. Mother Tongue of almost all the people in Bhabua is Bhojpuri. Transport Bhabua Road is the nearest Railway Station on the Howrah-New Delhi Grand Chord, which is hardly 14 km from Bhabua town. The main trains are Purushottam Express, Mahabodhi Exp, Poorva Exp,Kalka Mail, Mumbai Mail, Doon Exp, Chamble Exp, Shipra Exp, Sealdah Exp, BudhPurnima Exp, Asansol-Ahmedabad Exp, Dikshabhumi Exp, Jodhpur Exp, Garib Nawaj Exp, Ranchi Varanasi Exp, Jharkhand Exepress etc. The town is 195 km from Patna and 84 km from Varanasi by road. NH 2 (G.T. Road) crosses through the center of the district from Karmanasha to Kudra for about 50 km. NH 30 originates from it near Mohania and connects this district with the capital Patna via Arah. Apart from these, there are also a few State Highways in the district. Mohania Sub-division is situated on Gaya-Mughalsarai Section of Grand Chord Railway line; the railway station is called Bhabua Road. The district headquarter is located at a distance of 14 km southward from the railway station or the G.T. Road. Education College:

* Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel College ( Founded in 1956 by Babu Guptanath singh,Member Constituent Assembly of India,Freedom Fighter, MLA) * Bhupesh Gupt College, * Shahid Sanjay Singh Mahila College, * Patel Degree Mahila College. Schools: * Adarsh Gaurav public school. * st.joseph's school * Town High School(+2), * GEMS English School. * Atal Bihari Singh High School. * S.S Girls High school, * Maa Rajeshwari Girl Inter Collage, * Udasi Devi High School. * Gaurav Public School. * R.P.S. Public School. * Tagore Academy. * DAV Public School Ratwar. * Rose Bud School. * Mother Shakuntala Public School. * St. Xavier's School. * Bal Bharti School. Ekta Chowk It is the main chowk and market of bhabua.Here we find a statue of Mahatma Gandhi. Ekta chowk is the main market place of bhabua,its also called the heart of it. Kudra Kudra (Hindi: , Urdu: ) is a city in Kaimur district in the state of Bihar, India. It is the third largest city of Kaimur[1] district.Earlier its name was Jehanabad. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 Demographics * 3 Transport * 4 Education * 5 References Geography Kudra is located at 2503N 8337E / 25.05N 83.62E / 25.05; 83.62.[2] It has an average elevation of 76 metres (249 feet). Kudra is divided in 193 wards.[3] There is a famous ancient Kali mandir at Sakri and a beautiful stadium(Nishan Singh Stadium)near High School Jehanabad.Ramlila Maidan is near Kankali Mandir where all cultural activities are carried on. Bihar Rajya Bij Nigam Ltd.[4] is Asia's largest seed storage house.[5]

This also known as Industrial city of Kaimur because here 12 big rice mills and 300 mini rice mills(automatic) operates at Lalapur , Sakri and Kudra. In the south, there is a river called Durgawati consisting of Nauchandi & Pathla ghat.There are 8 panchyats and 75 villages in kudra Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[6] Kudra had a population of 19,507. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Kudra has an average literacy rate of 66%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 61% of the males and 39% of females literate. 16% of the population is under 6 years of age. Mother Toungue of almost all the people in Kudra is Bhojpuri.The main occupation of most of the people is agriculture.[7] The famous bhojpuri singer is Anuradha (Krishna) Rastogi.She was also the first Zila Parishad of Kudra Bhag-2.She is currently district chairwoman of Kaimur(JDU).[8][9] Surendra Krishna Rastogi is a famous philatelist and numismatic.[10] Transport Kudra is the Railway Station on the Howrah-New Delhi Grand Card. The main trains are Mahabodhi Exp, Doon Exp, Ganga-Satlaj Exp,Sealdah Exp, Budh Purnima Exp, Garib Nawaj Exp, Ranchi Varanasi Inter-city etc. The town is 180 km from Patna and 84 km from Varanasi by road. NH 2 (Grand Trunk Road) crosses through heart of city. NH 30 originates from Mohania and connect this city with the capital Patna via Arrah. Kudra is situated on Gaya-Mughalsarai Section of Grand Chord Railway line; the railway station is called Kudra. The district headquarter is located at a distance of 18 km westward from the railway station or the G.T. Road Education College: Jagdeo Memorial College[11] Mahila College Schools: High School Jehanabad Success Centre (G.T.Road, kudra) Middle School, KKS St. Joseph school St. School School(Ramlila Maidan) SBM Public School Sakri,Kudra) Mohania Mohania (Hindi: , Urdu: ) is a city in Kaimur district in the state of Bihar, India. It is the sub-division of Kaimur district. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 History

* 3 Demographics * 4 Transportation o 4.1 Train o 4.2 Road * 5 Banks * 6 Hotels * 7 Worship Place * 8 Show Room o 8.1 Bike o 8.2 Tractor o 8.3 Tv * 9 Mobile Network Providers * 10 Education o 10.1 Colleges o 10.2 Schools * 11 Others Famous place * 12 Occupation * 13 References Geography Mohania is located at 2502N 8342E / 25.04N 83.70E / 25.04; 83.70.[1] It has an average elevation of 76 metres (249 feet). Mohania is divided into wards. Here is the ancient famous Satti Devi mandir near railway station, White Hanuman mandir. Hanuman mandir is the biggest temple at station road. Here is a beautiful stadium near M.P. College. In the south, there is a river called Durgauti. Mohania is the hub of transport routes in Kaimur district. History Mohania was a small city but till now Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Mohania had a population of 30,507. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Mohania has an average literacy rate of 86%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 91% of the males and 59% of females literate. 16% of the population is under 6 years of age. The mother tongue of almost all the people in Mohania is Bhojpuri. Transportation Train Mohania railway station is mostally known as "Bhabua Road" on the Howrah-New Delhi Grand Card in Mughalsarai region. The statiion code is "BBU" Train Number Train Name Origin Destination Frequency (inbound/outbound) 2801/02 Purushottam Express New Delhi Puri Daily

2397/98 Mahabodhi Express New Delhi Gaya Daily 2311/12 Kalka Mail Kalka Hawrah Daily 2381/82 Poorva Exp New Delhi Hawrah JN 3 days 2818/17 Jharkhand Express New Delhi Hatia 3 days 3009/10 Doon Exp Dehradoon Hawrah JN Daily 3151/52 Sealdah Exp Jammu Tawi Kolkata Daily 2875/76 Neelanchal Exp New Delhi Puri 3 days 5109/10 BudhPurnima Exp Varanasi Jn Rajgir 3 days 2143/44 Dikshabhumi Exp Gaya Nagpur Weekly 9305/06 Dikshabhumi Exp Indore Jn Hawrah 2175/76 Chambal exp Hawrah Gwalior 2177/78 Chambal exp Hawrah Agra ct The Other main trains are * Mumbai Mail, * Asansol-Ahmedabad Exp, * Jodhpur Exp, * Garib Nawaj Exp, * Ranchi Varanasi Exp * Ranchi Garib Rath Exp * Jharkhand swarana jayanti Exp * Gaya Chennai Exp * Ludhiyana Dhanbad Exp There is an proposed railway line which will connect from Arrah to Mundeshwari via ramgarh - Mohania - Bhabua The town is 180 km from Patna and 60 km from Varanasi by road. Road National Highway 2 (G.T. Road) crosses through the heart of the city. National Highway 30 originates from this city and connect with the capital Patna via Arrah. Apart from these, there are also a few State Highways in the city. Mohania is connected to Bauxar via Ramgarh from the south and with Bhabua (district capital, Audhaura, Bhagwanpur) from the south. Mohania Sub-division is situated on Gaya-Mughalsarai Section of Grand Chord Railway line; the railway station is called Bhabua Road. The district headquarter is located at a distance of 14 km southward from the railway station or the G.T. Road that is Bhabua. Village of Manoj Tiwari A very popular Bhojpuri actor, singer is atarwalia. It is also 4 km from Mohania on NH 30 to Patna. The famous temple mundeshawari devi is situated in kaimur district.The route for this temple goes through the mohania.If someone wants to go to this temple then he should arrive at Bhabua road station first then he may take the bus to go to mundeshawari devi temple. The nearest Airport is at Varanasi. Banks

* State Bank of India, Samiti Bazar, Mohania * Punjab National Bank, opp Kaimur Hotel, GT Road Mohania, * Union Bank of India, Ramgarh Road, Mohania * Oriental Bank, Ramgarh Road,Mohania * Bank of India, near Sahid baba, GT Road, Mohania * Bank of Baroda, Station road, Mohania * Madhya Bihar Grameen Bank (Bhojpur rohtas Gramin), Ramgarh Road, Mohania * Bhabua Sasram Bank, Station road, Mohania Hotels * Hotel Kaimur Bihar (Bihar Tourism) (A.C. Occupancy), GT Road, Mohania * Hotel Kamta sigasan, GT Road, Mohania * Rameshwaram Hotel, Station Road, Mohania Worship Place * Mahawir swet Mandir (Hanuman), Chandani Chowk, Mohania * Mahawir swet Mandir (Hanuman), Station Road, Mohania * Sati Mandir, Station Road, Mohania * Sahid Baba, near NH 30, GT road, Mohania * Mosque -1, Sabji Madi, Mohania * Mosque -2, Sabji Madi Railway crossing, Mohania Show Room Bike * Hero Honda Bike, Station Road, Mohania * Bajaj 1, 2, Station Road, Mohania * TVS, Chandani Chowk, Mohania * Sujuki, Chandani Chowk, Mohania * Kinitik, GT road, Mohania * Rajdoot, GT road, rajesh Tractor * Fargusson, GT road, Mohania * Taffe, GT road, Mohania * Swaraj, GT road, Mohania * Eicher, GT road, Mohania * Mahindra, opp Kaimur Hotel, GT road, Mohania * Balwan, GT road, Mohania Tv * LG, Station Road, Mohania * Videocon, Station Road, Mohania Mobile Network Providers * BSNL (Telephone Exchange,with landline) * Tata Docomo * Airtel

* Aircel * Reliance * Reliance-Smart * Tata Indicom * Idea * Vodafone * Virgin Mobile Education Colleges * Maharana Pratap College * Mahila College, Darwa Schools * Navodaya Vidyalyaya (Govt.), Darwa, Mohania (now in Chaurasia on Ram garh Road) * Sharda Brajraj High School (Govt.), Station Road, Mohania * Santi Balika High school (for Girls) (Govt.), Station Road, Mohania * R.B.S. School, Durga paraw, Mohania * D.A.V.School (Mohania lkg to 5 standard) GT Road NH 2, Mohania * D.A.V.School (Ratwar, Mohania 5 to 12 standard) * Mother Sakuntala School, GT Road NH 2, Mohania * Navdeep Academy, Darwa, Mohania * Adarsh School, Darwa, Mohania * S.P.P.S. School, Station Road, Mohania * T.P.S. School, Mohania * Point Education, Ramgarh road railway crossing, Mohania * Bal Bharati school, * A.K.I. vidyalaya-Primary public school * Urdu School, Sabji Mandi, Mohania * Urdu School, Railway crossing, Sabji Mandi, Mohania * Sanskrit School (Govt.), Court Road (Baouli pond, kachahari) * Khushi Kids Play School, G. T. Road, Mohania, Kaimur Others Famous place * Chitragupt Colony ( Pashim Muhalla ) * Rameshwaram Cinema Hall * Samiti Bazar * Durga Paraw * jagJeevan Maidan * petrol Pumps - 1, 2, 3 * Civil Court (kachari) * Polish Station * Power grid (320000kv) * Chandani chowk

* Durgawati river * Railway station (Bhabua road) * N.H. 2 * N.H. 30 * Post office - 2 * Sub Division office * Bus Stand * Idgah * Red cross & HIV center * Blood Bank * Mudeshwari Gate * Maharana pratap playground * samudaik bhavan akhori Occupation The economy is dependent on agriculture, main occupation of the people here is Farming. The two crops which are cultivated here are Paddy and wheat. Patna district Patna district is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar state, with Patna as the district headquarters. Patna district is a part of Patna division. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 Demographics * 3 Economy * 4 References Geography It has an area of 3202 km. Sub Divisions: (6 Nos) : Patna Sadar, Patna City, Barh, DanaPur, Masaurhi, Paliganj. Blocks: Patna Sadar, Phulwari sharif, Sampatchak, Fatuha, Khusrupur, Daniyawaan, Barh, Bakhtiarpur, Belchi, Athmalgola, Mokama, Pandarak, Ghoswari, Bihta, Maner, Danapur, Naubatpur, Masaurhi, Dhanarua, Punpun. Demographics Its Population is Total: 3,623,225 Rural: 2,241,510 Urban: 1,119,800. Economy Agricultural products include: Paddy, Maize, Pulses and Wheat. Also oil seeds. Roughly one third of the area sown is under rice (paddy). Cash crops such as vegetables and water-melons are also grown in Diara belt. Major industries include leather, handicrafts, and agro processing. Patna Pan About this sound pronunciation (helpinfo) (Hindi: , Bengali: , Urdu: ) is the capital of the Indian state of Bihar and the second largest city in eastern India after Kolkata.Patna is the 5th-fastest growing city in India and 21st fastest growing city in

world.[3] Patna is also one of the oldest continuously inhabited places in the world.[4] Ancient Patna, known as Pataliputra, was the capital of the Magadha Empire under the Haryanka, Nanda, Mauryan, Sunga, Gupta, Pala and Suri dynasties. Pataliputra was also a famous seat of learning and fine arts. Its population during the Maurya period (around 300 BCE) was about 400,000.[5] The walled old area, called Patna City by the locals, is a major trading centre. The modern city of Patna is situated on the southern bank of the Ganga. The city also straddles the rivers Sone, Gandak and Punpun. The city is approximately 25 km long and 9 km to 10 km wide. In June 2009,The World Bank ranked Patna as the second-best city in India to start a business, after Delhi.[6] The economy of Patna is based on the local service industry. Patna has the highest per capita gross district domestic product in Bihar: Rs 31,441 and has almost equivalent per capita when compared to other metropolitan areas in India[7] List of most populous metropolitan areas in India.[8] The Buddhist, Hindu, and Jain pilgrim centres of Vaishali, Rajgir, Nalanda, Bodhgaya, and Pawapuri are nearby and Patna is also a sacred city for Sikhs. The Sikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh, was born here. Contents * 1 History o 1.1 Origin of name o 1.2 Vedic Era o 1.3 Medieval Era o 1.4 Mauryan Empire o 1.5 Gupta and Mughal Empire o 1.6 British Empire o 1.7 Indian Independence Movement * 2 Geography o 2.1 Topography o 2.2 Climate * 3 Economy * 4 Demographics * 5 Culture o 5.1 Cuisine * 6 Utilities o 6.1 Hotels and Restaurants o 6.2 Movie Theaters * 7 Transportation and Connectivity o 7.1 Rail Network

o 7.2 Air Network o 7.3 Road Network o 7.4 Water Network * 8 Places of interest * 9 Education * 10 Sports * 11 Famous current and past residents * 12 Major Amenities o 12.1 Major public open spaces o 12.2 Schools o 12.3 Universities and Colleges o 12.4 Religious sites o 12.5 Nearest railway stations * 13 Gallery * 14 Further reading * 15 References * 16 External links History Main article: History of Patna Origin of name Aerial View of Patna Main article: Names of Patna There are several theories regarding the source of the appellation Patna (Devanagari: * It is etymologically derived from Patan (Devanagari: goddess, Patan Devi.[9] * It comes from Pattan (Devanagari: ) (meaning "port" in Sanskrit), since the city, ), one of the most ancient located near the confluence of four rivers, has been a thriving river port. * It may be a short form of Pataliputra (Devanagari: names of this city. * The Greeks called it Palibothra. Megasthenes (350-290 BCE), the Greek historian, referred to it in Greek as Palibothra or Palimbotra[10] in his writings during the 4th century BCE. * The place appears in the records of the Chinese traveller, Fa Hien, as Pa-lin-fou.[11] * The city has been known by various names during its more than 2,000 years of existence Patligram, Patliputra, Kusumpur, Pushpapura, Azimabad, and the present-day Patna.[12] * Patna received its current name during the reign of Sher Shah Suri, whose tomb is at Sasaram, a place near Patna. View of the Ganga from Patna ):

), the name of the Hindu

Legend ascribes the origin of Patna to a mythological King Putraka who created Patna by magic for his queen Patali, literally "trumpet flower", which gives it its ancient name Pataligrama. It is said that in honour of the queen's first-born, the city was named Pataliputra. Gram is Sanskrit for village and Putra means son. Legend also says that the Emerald Buddha was created in Patna (then Pataliputra) by Nagasena in 43 BC.[13] Vedic Era Historians widely believe that the history of Patna spans at least three millennium. In the ancient history of Patna, the city was known by its name Pataliputra and also finds mention in the ancient Indian texts like the Vedas and the Puranas, or the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. The first references to the ancient region of Patna are observed about 2500 years ago in Jain and Buddhist scriptures.[14] Medieval Era From a scientific perspective, it would be appropriate to surmise that Patna came into limelight around the year 490 BCE when Ajatashatru, the king of Magadha, wanted to shift his capital from the hilly Rajagaha to a more strategically located place to combat the Licchavis of Vaishali. He chose the site on the bank of the Ganga and fortified the area. From that time, the city has had a continuous history, a record claimed by few cities in the world. When founded, it was known as "Pataligrama" and in later years it was "Pataliputra" which is today's Patna. Gautama Buddha passed through this place in the last year of his life. He prophesied a great future for this place, but at the same time, he predicted its ruin from flood, fire, and feud. It is said that Buddha made a halt here when he was on the last journey to his native land of Kapilavastu. Mauryan Empire With the rise of the Mauryan empire, the place became the seat of power and nerve centre of the sub-continent. From Pataliputra, the famed emperor Chandragupta Maurya (a contemporary of Alexander) ruled a vast empire, stretching from the Bay of Bengal to Afghanistan. Early Mauryan Pataliputra was mostly built with wooden structures. Emperor Ashoka, the grandson of Chandragupta Maurya, transformed the wooden capital into a stone construction around 273 BCE. Chinese scholar Fa Hein, who visited India sometime around 399-414 CE, has given a vivid description of the stone structures in his travelogue. Megasthenes (350-290 BCE), a Greek historian and ambassador to the court of Chandragupta Maurya, gives the first written account of Pataliputra. In his book Indika, he mentions that the city of Palibothra (Pataliputra, modern day Patna) was situated on the confluence of the rivers Ganga and Arennovoas (Sonabhadra - Hiranyawah) and was 9 miles (14 km) long and 1.75 miles (2.82 km) wide.[10][15] Michael Wood, in The Story of India (2007), describes this city as the greatest city on earth during its heyday.[16] During this time, a number of Chinese travellers came to India in pursuit of knowledge and recorded their observation about Pataliputra in their travelogues, including those of a Chinese Buddhist Fa Hien, who visited India between 399 and 414 CE, and stayed here for many months translating Buddhist texts.[17] Pataliputra in 600 B.C.

Capital of Maurya Empire Capital of Nanda Empire Capital of Sunga Empire Capital of Gupta Empire Gupta and Mughal Empire In the years that followed, the city saw many dynasties ruling the Indian subcontinent from here. It saw the rules of the Gupta empire and the Pala kings. However, it never reached the glory that it had under the Mauryas.With the disintegration of the Gupta empire, Patna passed through uncertain times. Bakhtiar Khilji captured Bihar in the 12th century AD and destroyed many ancient seats of learning, and Patna lost its prestige as the political and cultural center of India. Guru Gobind Singh (Punjabi: ) (December 22, 1666 October 7, 1708), the tenth Guru of the Sikhs, was born as Gobind Rai in Patna to Teg Bahadur, the ninth Guru of the Sikhs, and his wife Gujri. His birthplace, Harmandir saheb, is one of the most sacred pilgrimages for Sikhs. The Mughal period was a period of unremarkable provincial administration from Delhi. The most remarkable period during these times was under Sher Shah Suri, who revived Patna in the middle of the 16th century. He built a fort and founded a town on the banks of the Ganga. Sher Shah's fort in Patna does not survive, but the mosque, Sher Shah Suri Masjid, built in Afghan architectural style, survives.Mughal emperor Akbar came to Patna in 1574 to crush the Afghan Chief Daud Khan. Akbar's navratna and state's official historian and author of "Ain-i-Akbari" Abul Fazl refers to Patna as a flourishing centre for paper, stone and glass industries. He also refers to the high quality of numerous strains of rice grown in Patna, famous as Patna rice in Europe. By 1620 the city of Patna was the great entrepot of Northern India - "the largest town in Bengal and the most famous for trade".[18] This was before the founding of the city of Calcutta. Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb acceded to the request of his favourite grandson, Prince Muhammad Azim, to rename Patna as Azimabad, in 1704 while Azim was in Patna as the subedar. However, very little changed during this period other than the name.With the decline of the Mughal empire, Patna moved into the hands of the Nawabs of Bengal, who levied a heavy tax on the populace but allowed it to flourish as a commercial centre. City of Patna, on the River Ganga, 19th century painting. The mansions of the Maharaja of Tekari Raj dominated the Patna riverfront in 1811-12.[19] British Empire During the 17th century, Patna became a centre of international trade. The British started with a factory in Patna in 1620 for trading in calico and silk. Soon it became a trading centre for saltpetre, urging other EuropeansFrench, Danes, Dutch and Portugueseto compete in the lucrative business. Peter Mundy, writing in 1632, described Patna as "the greatest mart of the eastern region".]]After the decisive Battle of Buxar (1765), Patna fell into the hands of the East India Company, which installed a puppet government. It was ruled during the Raj by

a series of ineffectual Viceroys, of whom the best-known was Rahul Gunderjaharagand. During this period it continued as a trading centre. In 1912, Patna became the capital of Orissa Province and Bihr when Bengal Presidency was partitioned. It soon emerged as an important and strategic centre. A number of imposing structures were constructed by the British. Credit for designing the massive and majestic buildings of colonial Patna goes to the architect, I. F. Munnings. Most of these buildings reflect either Indo-Saracenic influence (like Patna Museum and the state Assembly), or overt Renaissance influence like the Raj Bhawan and the High Court. Some buildings, like the General Post Office (GPO) and the Old Secretariat bear pseudo-Renaissance influence. Some say the experience gained in building the new capital area of Patna proved very useful in building the imperial capital, New Delhi. Orissa was created as a separate province in 1935. Patna continued as the capital of Bihar province under the British Raj. Indian Independence Movement Patna played a major role in the Indian independence struggle. Most notable are the Champaran movement against the Indigo plantation and the 1942 Quit India Movement. Patna's contribution in the freedom struggle has been immense with outstanding national leaders like Swami Sahajanand Saraswati, the first President of the Constituent Assembly of India; Dr. Sachidanand Sinha; Dr. Rajendra Prasad; Bihar Vibhuti (Anugrah Narayan Sinha);[20] Basawon Singh (Sinha); Loknayak (Jayaprakash Narayan); Sri Krishna Sinha; Sheel Bhadra Yajee; Sarangdhar Sinha (Singh); Yogendra Shukla; and many others who worked for India's freedom relentlessly. Shrii Anandamurti formed the Ananda Marga movement in Patna in 1962 to work for world unity and justice. He modernized the ancient practices of yoga and made the most advanced practices of meditation available to the general public. He spoke about the inequality of women (both in India and worldwide). As an example, he questioned the morality of the dowry system of marriage and the Indian caste system. His Ananda Marga organization spread worldwide and teaches both neo-humanism (oneness of family of life) and PROUT (Progressive Utilization Theory) for overall economic development. He is considered a leader in the field of philosophy and morality. Patna continued to be the capital of the state of Bihar after independence in 1947, though Bihar itself was partitioned again in 2000 when Jharkhand was carved out as a separate state of the Indian union. Geography Topography Patna is located on the south bank of the Ganga River. An impressive characteristic of the geography of Patna is its confluence of rivers. The Ganga River is the largest. It is joined by the four mighty rivers: Ghaghara, Gandak, Punpun and Sone. The Ganga is a respectable river as it passes through the district of Patna where it seems to be fully as large as in any part of its course for the huge flow of the Kosi. Just to the north of Patna across the Ganga River flows the Gandak. Patna is unique in having four large rivers in its vicinity. It is the largest riverine city in the world. The bridge over the river Ganga named Mahatma Gandhi Setu is 5575m long and is the longest river bridge in the India.[21]

Climate Patna, as most of Bihar, has a humid subtropical climate with hot summers from late March to early June, the monsoon season from late June to late September and a mild winter from November to February. The table below details historical monthly averages for climate variables. Highest ever recorded is 47.0 C, lowest ever is 1.0 C and annual rainfall is around 1100 mm.[22] Economy Average Per Capital Income in Indian Metros From the ancient times, Patna has had a very rich socioeconomic background. It has long been a major agricultural center of trade, its most active exports being grain, sugarcane, sesame, and medium-grained Patna rice. It is also an important business center of eastern India. In the last few years, the growth in Patna has been quite phenomenal with the improvement in the law and order after the regime change. By the end of 2011, the city will have eight new malls that are coming up in different parts of the capital.Being the state capital, with a growing middle income group households, Patna has also emerged as a big and rapidly expanding consumer market, both for Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG), as also for other consumer durable items. A large and growing population, and expanding boundaries of the city, is also spurring growth of service sector. Several multinational companies have also come up at Patna; one example is Tata Consultancy Services.The hinterland of Patna is endowed with excellent agro-climatic resources and the gains of the Green Revolution have enabled the older eastern part of Patna (locally called as Patna City) to develop as a leading grain market of the state of Bihar, the second biggest in eastern India.. Demographics The historical population of Patna is shown below: Year 430 BC 200 BC 100 AD 361 AD 800 AD 2001 AD Population 100,000 Green Arrow Up.svg 350,000 Red Arrow Down.svg 69,000 Green Arrow Up.svg 150,000 Red Arrow Down.svg 74,000 Green Arrow Up.svg 1,885,470 The population of Patna is over 1,885,470. The population density is 1132 persons per square kilometre. There are 839 females to every 1,000 males. The overall literacy rate is 74%, and the female literacy rate is 50.8%. Many languages are spoken in Patna. Hindi and Urdu are the official languages. The native dialect is Magadhi or Magahi, named after Magadha, the ancient name of Bihar. Dialects from other regions of Bihar spoken widely in Patna are Angika&Bhojpuri. Yet another language is Maithili from Mithilanchal ther languages widely spoken in Patna include Bengali and English. Culture Though geographically located in the Magadh region of Bihar, many residents of Patna are natives of one of the four other regions of Bihar - Bhojpur, Mithila, Vajj, or Anga, which differ only slightly from each other. Intermarriages and cultural intermixing among the people of the five regions has been so common that it may be difficult for an outsider to

discern the differences. People are religious and family-oriented, and they are deeply rooted in tradition. The interests of the family take precedence over that of an individual. Families are generally large, though the government is actively encouraging family planning to curb rapid population growth. Extended families often live together in one home because of economic necessity. Cuisine Khichdi "Khichdi", the broth of rice and lentils, seasoned with spices, and served with several accompanying items like curd, chutney, pickles, papads, ghee (clarified butter) and chokha (boiled mashed potatoes, seasoned with finely cut onions, green chilies) constitutes the lunch for most Patnaites on Saturdays and is a staple food here. Afternoon meals mostly consists of Rice and vegetables while the dinner will consist of Rotis (flatbread) and lentils. Non-vegetarian food in Bihar Patna is also known for the dry sweet delicacies of central Bihar including Khaja, Motichoor ka Ladoo, Kala Jamun, Kesaria Peda, Parwal ki Mithai, Khubi ka Lai and Chena Murki. These owe their origin to towns in the vicinity of Patna: Khaja from Silao, Ladoo from Maner, Kala Jamun from Vikram, Khubi ka Lai from Barh, Kesaria Peda from Gaya and Chena Murki from Koelwar, Poori from Behea. Descendants of the original family members of the cooks, called halwais in the local language, have migrated to urban Patna and authentic sweet delicacies are now available in the city itself. Unlike the Bengali sweets which are soaked in syrup of sugar and are therefore wet, sweets of Patna and Bihar are mostly dry. The mangoes of Digha, Patna are very delicious & famous. Utilities Hotels and Restaurants Patna has got many good hotels for staying. A few of them have star rating. The best hotel in the city is 4-star rated.[26] Patna also has some very good restaurants where authentic Bihari food is served.[27] Movie Theaters Major movie theaters in Patna include Ashok Cinema, Mona Cinema, Regent and Elphiston, which is the oldest theater in Bihar.[28] Transportation and Connectivity Chiriyatand Flyover at Patna, one of the many new ones that have come up in the city recently Aerial view of Patna railway station Patna was among pioneer selected towns of India having horse-drawn trams as urban transport.[29] Nowadays, public transportation in Patna is provided by buses, auto rickshaws and local trains. Auto rickshaws are the most popular means of public transportation in Patna, as they are the only public means of convenience in most of the areas. The government has placed orders for over 50 low floor A/C and Non-A/C buses to ease congestion on city roads under JNNURM. This move is expected to improve traffic and public transport facilities in and around Patna.

Rail Network Patna is also a major junction in the rail map of India. The five main railway stations are Patna Junction, Rajendranagar Terminal, Gulzarbag, Danapur Junction and Patna Sahib. The main junction station of Patna is well connected with all major Indian cities. The construction of India's longest road-cum-rail bridge is being done on the banks on the Ganges near Patna. The bridge will connect Patna to Pahleja Ghat, Saran District, Bihar. It is being constructed by Ircon International Limited. The bridge will also be the second longest rail-cum-road bridge in the world. The total length of the bridge is 4.55 km. Air Network Patna airport is known as Lok Nayak Jayaprakash Airport or Patna airport. It is classified as a restricted international airport and it is connected to all major cities of India via daily flights. In the last few years, Patna has witnessed tremendous growth in air traffic as well as the number of flights flying in and out of the city. The introduction of several low-cost carriers and a number of new destinations have resulted in the growth of air traffic. Patna is now connected by daily flights to New Delhi, Mumbai, Bengaluru, Kolkata, Pune, Ranchi and Lucknow. Airlines such as Air India, Jet Airways( including JetKonnect and Jetlite), IndiGo, Kingfisher Red and most recently GoAir operate from Patna. Road Network Gandhi Setu connecting Patna with North Bihar Patna is well served by a network of well maintained roads. Patna is also connected through National Highway NH 19,[30] NH 30[31]-NH 31[32] & NH 83.[33] Road distance from other major cities [34] such as from Delhi - 1,015 km, from Mumbai - 1,802 km and from Kolkata - 556 km. Water Network Patna is also well connected by National Waterways No. 1 which was established in October 1986. This National Waterways has fixed terminals at Haldia, BISN (Kolkata), Pakur, Farrakka and Patna. This National Waterways has also floating terminals facilities at Haldia, Kolkata, Diamond Harbour, Katwa, Tribeni, Baharampur, Jangipur, Bhagalpur, Semaria, Doriganj, Ballia, Ghazipur, Varanasi, Chunar and Allahabad.[35] Patna recently got its own luxury yacht offering dinner cruises on the Ganges. The air conditioned floating restaurant MV Ganga Vihar offers dinner cruises twice a day starting from Gandhi Ghat.[36] Places of interest Main article: Tourism in Patna Gandhi Maidan(shown above) lies in the heart of Patna and is the site for most political and social functions in the city Patna has a history spanning more than three thousand years. The rich culture and heritage of Bihar is evident from the innumerable ancient monuments that dot the region. Patna is home to many tourist attractions. About 2,500,000 (2.5 million) tourists visit Patna every year.[37] Kumhrar and [38] Agam Kuan[39] are the sites of the ruins of the Ashokan Pataliputra. Didarganj Yakshi is a fine example of Mauryan art.[40] The famous Hanuman Mandir has the second highest budget in North India after the famous Vaishno Devi shrine.[41]

Takht Sri Patna Sahib is one of the Five Takhts of Sikhism and consecrates the birthplace of the tenth Guru of the Sikhs, Gobind Singh.[42] There are five other Gurdwaras in Patna which are related to different Sikh Gurus; these are Gurdwara Pahila Bara,[43] Gurdwara Gobind Ghat,[44] Gurdwara Guru ka Bagh,[45] Gurdwara Bal Leela[46] and Gurdwara Handi Sahib.[47] Padri Ki Haveli, High Court, Golghar and Secretariat Building are examples of unique British architecture. Education Main article: Education in Patna Patna is one of the oldest major centre of learning in East India. Patna University, the first university in Bihar, was established in 1917, and was the 7th oldest University of the Indian subcontinent.[48] Patna Medical College, established in 1925 as Prince of Wales Medical College, was ranked 6th in undivided India.[49] In the past few years, many institutions of national repute have opened up in Patna. Institutes such as Indian Institute of Technology Patna,[50] National Institute of Technology, Patna[51] and Birla Institute of Technology, Patna[52] are the prominent engineering college in Patna. Other colleges include the newly opened National Institute of Fashion Technology Patna[53] and medical schools such as Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences.[54] Many new institutes like Birla Institute of Technology, Patna, Chanakya National Law University, a national law university and a business school Chandragupt Institute of Management have opened up in Patna. Patna also houses one of India's most richly endowed libraries, the Khuda Baksh Oriental Library which has rare manuscripts dating several thousand years back. Sports Aerial view of Moin Ul Haque Stadium As in the rest of India, cricket is the most popular sport in Patna. There are several cricket grounds (or maidans) located across the city, including the Moin-ul-Haq Stadium, which is second largest in eastern India, next only to 'Eden Gardens' of Kolkata.[55] The stadium features a swimming pool and a cricket academy. This stadium has served as venue for two One day international matches and several national sport event. Patna Golf Club situated west of the Government House to the South Bihar Gymkhana Club. It is 165 acres Golf Field.[56] and includes some very tough holes, this well-maintained course will prove interesting to amateur and pros alike.[57] Patna Indoor Stadium also known as Rainbow Field is indoor - outdoor sporting complex and will be renamed after Abhinav Bindra, the olympic gold medalist.[58] The Queen's baton relay passed through the city in July, 2010 in the build up for the Commonwealth games. Famous current and past residents * Chandragupta Maurya, Indian Emperor, Magadh Dyansty. * Ashoka, Indian Emperor, Magadh Dynasty. * Samudragupta, Gupta Emperor * Vikramaditya, Gupta Emperor

* Chanakya, Chief Strategist, Economist, Magadh Dynasty. * Ramdhari Singh Dinkar, Rashtrakavi (National Poet) . * Aryabhatt, Mathematician * Lalit Mohan Sharma, Ex-Chief Justice of India * Bhuvaneshwar Prasad Singh, Ex-Chief Justice of India * Nitish Kumar, Chief minister of Bihar. Nitish Kumar * Guru Gobind Singh,10th and the last Guru of Sikhs. * Rohini Bhate, Kathak Dancer. * Dr Rajendra Prasad, First President of India. * Shatrughan Sinha, Famous Indian Cinema actor. Shatrughan Sinha * Shekhar Suman, Famous Television and Cinema actor. * Binota Roy, Bengali Playback Singer. * Neetu Chandra, Hindi Cinema Actor. * Roshan Seth, English Actor, Journalist and Editor. * Meira Kumar, Current Lok Sabha speaker. * Chandrashekhar Singh, former Chief Minister of Bihar. * N. K. Singh, Ex-planning commission chief * Anil Agarwal, Founder and Executive Chairman of the UK-based Vedanta Resources Corporation. * Vikram Seth, English Novelist. * Dr. Sri Krishna Sinha, first Chief Minister of Bihar. * Dr. Anugrah Narayan Sinha,eminent nationalist & first Deputy Chief Minister of Bihar. * Professor Ram Sharan Sharma, eminent Historian and scholar. * Professor Ram Karan Sharma, eminent scholar of Sanskrit. * Justice Lalit Mohan Sharma, former Chief Justice of India. * Mr. L.N. Sinha (Lal Narain Sinha), Attorney General of India (197983). * Balmiki Prasad Singh eminent scholar, Indian Civil Servant, and present Governor of Sikkim. * Justice K. B. N. Singh, ex-Chief Justice of Madras and Patna High Court, as well as Governor of Madras and Bihar. * Justice B. P. Singh, the former Judge of the Supreme Court of India. * Professor Papiya Ghosh, internationally renowned historian * Dr. Bindeshwar Pathak, founder of Sulabh International * Satinath Bhaduri, novelist * Shri Indradeep Sinha Economist, writer and veteran communist leader. * Shri. Ravi Shankar Prasad, Senior Advocate, Supreme Court of India, Former Union Minister and BJP Chief National Spokesperson. Major Amenities Major public open spaces

Lion in Patna Zoo * Patna Zoo * Gandhi Maidan Schools St. Michael's High School * St. Micheal's High School * St. Xavier's High School, Patna * Notre Dame Academy, Patna * Don Bosco Academy * Loyola High School (Patna) * D.A.V. Khagaul * Delhi Public School, Danapur * Gyan Niketan * Mount Carmel High School, Patna Universities and Colleges Software Technology Park in Patna * Patna University * Patna Medical College and Hospital * Indian Institute of Technology Patna * Science College, Patna * Patna Women's College * Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences * Patna Dental College * College of Arts and Crafts, Patna Religious sites Mahavir Mandir in Central Patna . * Agamkuan * Mahavir Mandir * Patan Devi Temple * Maner Sharif * Padri Ki Haveli Nearest railway stations * Gaya Junction. * Hajipur railway station. * Arrah railway station. Bakhtiarpur Bakhtiarpur (Hindi: , Urdu: ) is a city and a notified area in Patna district in the state of Bihar, India. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Bakhtiarpur had a population of 32,288. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Bakhtiarpur has an average literacy rate

of 53%, lower than the national average of 59.5%; with 63% of the males and 37% of females literate. 18% of the population is under 6 years of age. Barh Barh (Hindi: , Urdu: ) is the oldest subdivision of Bihar, which is not declared as district yet. Barh is a town and municipal corporation of Barh subdivision of Patna District of Bihar. It is the administrative headquarter of Barh Subdivision. It is located along the Ganges River, 34 miles (55 km) south-east of Patna. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 Demographics * 3 Projects o 3.1 NTPC BARH + 3.1.1 ENVIRONMENT CONCERNS in BIHAR o 3.2 20 km railway flyover track from Barh to Bakhtiyarpur * 4 Blocks * 5 See Also * 6 References * 7 See also Geography Barh is located at 2529N 8543E / 25.48N 85.72E / 25.48; 85.72.[1] It has an average elevation of 47 metres (154 feet). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Barh had a population of 105,206. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Barh has an average literacy rate of 85%,it is above than Indian literacy rate 66.7%; with 50% of the males and 35% of females literate. 15% of the population is under 6 years of age. Barh was one of the oldest sub division in Patna District. Perhaps it was a unique sub division in India which was declared a district just for a day . The Indian Railways station code is BARH. Subscriber Trunk Dialing code is 06132. The nearest airport is Lok Nayak Jayaprakash Airport. Projects NTPC BARH NTPC BARH (3300 megawatt): Around 3,300 MW of coal-generated power is being added at Barh near Patna in Bihar, India. The three-unit 1,980 MW Barh I is being built by Russian Power Machines Group, and the two-unit 1,320 MW Barh II extension by BHEL. Barh has been named a mega power project, and is owned by Indian energy company NTPC (National Thermal Power Corporation). The foundation stone for Barh I was laid in 1999 but there was at the time doubt about whether the project would ever reach completion, since the Bihar Government was finding it difficult to make land available. Boiler erection of unit-1 (stage-1) is expected to start after settlement of Technopromexport (TPE) NTPC dispute.

Barh II was announced in 2006 and is expected to be complete by 2012; NTPC had earlier announced capacity enhancement for 20072012 from 11,558 MW to 17,333 MW, which included Barh II. Barh I cost around Rs.8,500 crore. The power will go to 11 Indian states, 02 union territories (UTs) and Indian railways. Six 400 kV electrical substations link Barh to Kahalgaon, Sasaram and Bihar Sharif. India's economic growth has put strains on its power supply capacity. NTPC was formed in 1975 to accelerate power development of the country, with the Government of India holding almost 90% of the company's total equity shares. Including Barh, NTPC aims to add over 10 GW in new coal-fired plants by 2012. India's Central Electricity Authority (CEA) cleared Barh I in 2001. The project was financed through domestic and external commercial borrowings, with equity from internal resources of NTPC. As one of India's mega power projects, Barh is eligible for benefits like import of capital equipment free of customs duty, and price preference of 15% for domestic public sector undertakings (PSUs). The plant uses super-critical steam generation, with water instantly being converted into steam without passing through the boiling phase. Operating pressures are around 250 atmospheres. The annual coal requirement for Barh is estimated at around 15 million tonnes per annum, met from the Amrapali block of North Karanpura coal fields. NTPC transports coal by rail from North Karanpura to Barh. For Barh I, NTPC awarded the contract to Russia-based power equipment supplier Technopromexport, as part of the Power Machines Group. The group designed, manufactured, supplied, erected and commissioned the three power units for the turbine island. Equipment for each power unit was manufactured at Leningradsky Metallichesky Zavod (steam turbines), Electrosila (turbogenerators) and Kaluga Turbine Works (feedwater turbine-driven pumps). The KSB Group produced 18 pump sets consisting of six turbine driven (TDBFP) and three electric motor-driven boiler feed pump (MDBFP) and nine condensate extraction pumps (CEPs). The biggest pump sets have a drive rating of 18,500 kW each and generate a discharge pressure of 347 ksc. The machines have already reached at plant premise in 2010. Yokogawa India Limited supplied the turnkey automation and control system for the boilers and associated equipment of three power generators. These include the CENTUM CS 3000 R3 Distributed Control System, PRM Plant Resource Manager, DPharp EJA Pressure/Differential Pressure Transmitters and IR8A Infrared Gas Analysers. The Indian state-run Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd (BHEL) won the contract for boilers for Barh II, partnering with Alstom and Siemens. Ansaldo Coldaie had also wanted to bid for the Barh II contract, but reportedly could not meet key technical conditions.[citation needed] "The annual coal requirement for Barh is estimated at around 15 million tonnes per annum."[attribution needed] ENVIRONMENT CONCERNS in BIHAR

Wildlife Week reported complaints that Barh would impact the Taal wetlands, which are extremely rich in avifauna. The Barh project was cleared by the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) in 2001. Ornithologists have, however, counted 149 species of resident and migratory water birds in the wetlands, which is an important bird breeding site. The area is close to the Important Bird Area (IBA) of Kanwar Lake Bird Sanctuary. Wildlife Week accused the MoEF of hurriedly pushing the project through, without heeding highlevel advice that a bio-habitat analysis be first conducted as the existing environmental impact assessment was inadequate. Test field set-up for the hot-water performance test of a high-pressure pump at KSB's factory in Frankenthal, Germany. Performance test of a boiler feed pump in KSB's factory in Frankenthal, Germany.[clarification needed] Optimising the seating contour of a butterfly valve in KSB's R&D centre in Gradignan, France. Technopromexport is part of the Power Machines Group. Technopromexport designed, manufactured and supplied the three power units for the Barh I turbine island. * SDM $ SDPO - K K Pathak (Transferred from Barh by Nitish Kumar), R.S Bhatti * Ambuja Cement * Agriculture Science Centre * Barh Court * Barh Railway Station * NH 31, NH 30A * Three movie Theaters - Savita,Neelam * Major colleges: ANS College, SBR College, SNA College, SSD College, Teachers Training College * Major schools:Jagannathan High School, ANS High School, Girls High School, St. Joseph's Convent Girls' High School(+2), LNR Dheebar High School, Berhna High School, Agwanpur High School, LK Sabneema High School, Medha Ashram Residential Public School, Progressive School, Doon School, DAV Mokama, Notre dame Academy (In NTPC campus), RMV Railly, Adarsh Gyanodaya English School, Saraswati shishu/vidya mandir, * LAI Sweet - Barh is known in distant for the famous "LAI" (a sweet appearing of white ball with orange tint made of Ramdana and khoa) * Karbala - Aurangzeb's Sister's Mazar * Uttarayan Ganga * Sati sthan * Alakhnath, and Umanath Ghat * Sub divisional hospital (200+ bed) 20 km railway flyover track from Barh to Bakhtiyarpur Work on the ambitious flyover track between Bakhtiarpur and Barh in Patna district is to begin soon at an estimated cost of Rs 80 crore. This project has been sanctioned by the Railway Board recently to fulfil immediate operational needs of heavy traffic on the mainline section of Danapur division under the East Central Railway (ECR).

According to sources, the Board has sanctioned this project mainly to segregate tracks for goods train services to maintain an uninterrupted coal supply to the NTPC power station at Barh, which is to be commissioned soon. The completion of this project will enable the railways to run at least four to five coal-laden rakes daily from Tilaiya (Jharkhand) to Barh via the Rajgir-Bakhtiarpur section of Danapur division, sources said. An ECR official said the proposed 20-km-long flyover track, which will be the first of its kind in the railways, is likely to give much relief to the railways in maintaining continuous supply of coals to the NTPC power station at Barh. Besides, it would be a new experiment for the railways to use flyover tracks, particularly in the mainline section of Danapur division, he said. That apart, the railways have decided to carry on work on the proposed 50-km-long new bypass Neora-Daniyawan Project running via Punpun. This line will connect DaniyawanBiharsharif-Barbigha-Sheikhpura lines, covering a distance of about 122 km. This project is estimated to cost more than Rs 227 crore. According to sources, the railways are in need of about Rs 12,000 sq ft (1,100 m2) of land all along the 122-km-long route. They have so far acquired land in 25 villages of Nalanda and two villages of Patna district. This project is an old one pending completion. The Railway Board sanctioned Rs 100 crore for the same. The railways have made progress on this project, particularly between the Daniyawan and Barbigha route. However, they have not made much progress on the route between Neora and Daniyawan, sources said. A Railway Board official is optimistic that the completion of this project, which was initiated during the tenure of Nitish Kumar as the railway minister, will prove to be a boon for the smooth movement of goods trains. Besides, it will ease out heavy traffic movements on the mainline section of Danapur division, which is well above the saturation point, he said. Blocks Barh, Mokama, Bakhtiyarpur, Punarakh, Kushrupur, Ghoswari, Belchhi, Athmalgola, Fatuha, Daniyawa. Bikram Bikram (Hindi: , Urdu: )is a town and an assembly constituency in Paliganj subdivision of Patna district in the Indian state of Bihar.[1] Contents * 1 Geography * 2 Politics * 3 References * 4 External links Geography Bikram is located at 252700N 845200E / 25.4500N 84.8667E / 25.4500; 84.8667. Politics

Anil Kumar of Bharatiya Janata Party won the Bikram seat (assembly constituency no. 194) defeating chandarma singh yadav in feb 2005. of Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD) in October 2005. Anil Kumar representing Lok Janshakti Party defeated Chandarma Singh Yadav of RJD in February 2005.Ram Janam Sharma of BJP defeated Chandrama Singh Yadav of RJD in 2000.chandarma singh yadav he is the very power full rjd leader in bikram 194.he is doing lots of work for the bikram people in bikram bihta area.he is atarting his political career in college time in bihta. Ramnath Yadav of Communist Party of India defeated C.P.Thakur of Indian National Congress in 1995, Diwakar Sharma of Congress in 1990, Ramanand Singh of Congress in 1985, and Diwakar Sharma of Congress in 1980. Kailash Pati Mishra of Janata Party defeated Diwakar Sharma of Congress in 1977.[2] Bikram assembly constituency is part of Pataliputra (Lok Sabha constituency).[3] 191 Bikram assembly constituency covers Naubatpur and Bikram community development blocks, and Kaoria, Bindaul, Kunwa, Machchhalpur Lai, Yamunapur and Taranagar gram panchayats of Bihta CD Block. Danapur Danapur (Hindi: , Urdu: ) , sometimes known as Dinapur or Dinapore, located on the bank of the River Sone which merges with River Ganges at Digha few kilometers from Danapur, is a satellite town of Patna in Bihar state of India. Danapur is a shelter and hatchery for the migrating Siberian Cranes, locally called Janghil. Also, Danapur is a division of the Eastern Central Zone of the Indian Railways. The Divisional Railway Manager's (DRM) office is situated near Danapur railway station. The area surrounding this station is called Khagaul. Danapur is the headquarters of the Bihar, Jharkhand and Orissa Regiment of Indian Army. The Danapur Cantonment and Danapur station are 5 kilometers away. It was the only white cantonment of the East India Company between at one point of time. It was the largest military cantonment in Bengal, with accommodation for two batteries of artillery, a European and a native infantry regiment. In 1857 the sepoy garrison of the place initiated the rebellion in Patna district (a part of the Indian Rebellion of 1857), but after a conflict with the European troops the sepoys were forced to retire from the town, and subsequently laid siege to Arrah. There are Degree Colleges, namely Bindeswari Singh College and R. P. S. College, affiliated with Magadh University, Bodh-Gaya. Lekha nagar, behind D. A. V. Public School in Cant. Khagaul Road is one of its famous colonies. Flagstaff ghat on the Ganges at Dinapur, Patna, 1859 is one of the oldest ghats. Kachahari ghat and MH ghat are other ghats of the Ganges in Danapur. Gurdwara Handi Sahib, a gurdwara of Guru Tegh Bahadur, is a pilgrimage place for Sikhs. Naulakha temple in BRC and various historical buildings of British rule are places of interest. Dinapur Cantonment Dinapur Cantonment (Hindi: , Urdu: ) is a cantonment town in Patna District in the state of Bihar, India.

Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[1], Dinapur Cantonment had a population of 28,149. Males constitute 56% of the population and females 44%. Dinapur Cantonment has an average literacy rate of 71%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 77% and, female literacy is 63%. In Dinapur Cantonment, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age. Dinapur Nizamat Dinapur Nizamat (Hindi: , Urdu: ) is a city and a municipality in Patna district in the state of Bihar, India. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[1], Dinapur Nizamat had a population of 130,339. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Dinapur Nizamat has an average literacy rate of 56%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 64% and, female literacy is 47%. In Dinapur Nizamat, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age. Fatuha Fatuha (Hindi: , Urdu: ) situated at the confluence of Ganges and Punpun, also spelled as Fatwah or Fatwa is a city and a notified area in Patna district in the state of Bihar, India. Fatuha is a part of the capital territory of Patna, the capital of Bihar and lies on its eastern outskirts. The confluence zone of Ganges and Punpun rivers is known as Triveni as the mythical river Saraswati is deemed to unite with these two rivers here. Hence, Fatuha is regarded as a very sacred 'sangam' place in Hindu mythology. It is said that Lord Vamana laid his step at this 'sangam' while measuring the entire universe as a gift from the demon king Bali. To commemorate it, there is celebrated an annual fair called 'Varuni Mela' on every Vaman Dwadashi day (day of incarnation of Lord Vamana) as per Vikram calender. It is 24 km away from Patna, the capital city of Bihar in the east direction. It is an important industrial centre known for small industries and its handloom industries were also very famous as stated below[citation needed]. It is said that the city's name is intensely connected with the textile industry. It was a very thriving centre of textile industry during medieval period. This industry was so much developed that a particular community called Patwa, expert in textile industry, was concentrated here. It is also said that entire Patwa community has some kind of a root from Fatuha. The city itself, it is said, was named Fatwa after their community's name Patwa. They still form a very large proportion of city's population and many of them still practice in their traditional textile industry despite severe hardships arisen in modern era. Contents * 1 History & Culture * 2 Geography * 3 Economy * 4 Delicasies * 5 Demographics

* 6 Recent developments * 7 References History & Culture Fatuha (Hindi: , Urdu: ) is situated at the confluence of Ganges and Punpun. The confluence zone of Ganges and Punpun rivers is known as Triveni as the mythical river Saraswati is deemed to unite with these two rivers here. Hence, Fatuha is regarded as a very sacred 'sangam' place in Hindu mythology. It is said that Lord Vamana laid his step at this 'sangam' while measuring the entire universe as a gift from the demon king Bali. To commemorate it, there is celebrated an annual fair called 'Varuni Mela' on every Vaman Dwadashi day (day of incarnation of Lord Vamana) as per Vikram calender. It coincides with the great festival 'Onam' of Kerala where king Bali is invoked. In Fatuha, Lord Vamana is invoked on this day with great number of rural people assembling on 'Triveni' to take a holy dip at the confluence. It is also said that Lord Sri Krishna and Bheema passed through Fatuha to kill the first great Magadhan king Jarasandha. Jarasandha was a devout Shaivite and used to visit a very ancient temple dedicated to Lord Shiva which was located at a place called Baikunthpur on the banks of the river Ganga near Fatuha. There is a great annual festival at this place on each Mahashivratri and the temple remains vibrant with a large influx of devotees during Shravan Masa as per Vikram calender. This temple is a great milestone in the history of Shaivism. There is a very famous temple called Siddhnath at the historical Barabar hills in Jahanabad district of Bihar. This temple, it is said, was established during the Mauryan period as both Chandragupta Maurya and Ashoka, the great, initially were great champions of Shaivism. The Ganga water carried from Fatuha Triveni is the only water which is offered to Lord Shiva at Siddhanath temple. Fatuha was a great centre for the learnings of the great medieval sant poet Kabir. There is a very large and rich Kabir monastery at Fatuha, which runs many welfare programmes for the local people. Prominent among them is the donation of a very big tract of prime land at the heart of the city to establish a college, which is now known as the Sant Kabir Mahant Vidyanand Mahavidyalaya. In medieval period, Bakhtiyar Khilji, an aide of Muhammad Ghori, passed throgh Fatuha to sack and burn the great universities of Nalanda, Odantapuri and Vikramshila in the year of 1193. The places of Bakhtiarpur and Khursopur near Fatuha still bear the names of Bakhtiyar Khilji and his commander-in-chief Khusro. Burning of these great universities by Bakhtiyar Khilji led to a start of a dark age in India and Bihar in particular as all the great libraries of these universities containing the entire great knowledge of the then India were burned down by him. From then, Bihar has been struggling very hard to come out of acute illiteracy. It was a thriving centre of textile industry during medieval period. This industry was so much developed that a particular caste called Patwa, expert in textile industry, was concentrated here. It is said that entire Patwa community has some kind of a root from Fatuha. The city itself, it is said, was named Fatwa (after their community's name Patwa. In modern era, Fatuha is particularly remembered for its significant contribution in the 'Quit India Movement' started by Mahatma Gandhi in 1942. Two Royal

Indian Air Force officers were killed by the local villagers at Fatuha rail station. There bodies were paraded in entire city before throwing them into Punpun river. Geography Fatuha (Hindi: , Urdu: ) is situated at the confluence of Ganges and Punpun. The confluence zone of Ganges and Punpun rivers is known as Triveni as the mythical river Saraswati is deemed to unite with these two rivers here. Rivers Dhoba and Mahatmain (principal branch of river Falgu before disappearing in 'Taal" area) surround the city of Fatuha from its southern sides. From nearby Fatuha starts the famous 'Taal" area which is very famous for rabi crops. Soil of Fatuha is very much fertile as it is drained by multiple rivers including Ganga and Punpun. All types of crops are grown in abundance here. Fatuha is a big producer of vegetables, particularly of onions. It falls in the lower reach of the middle Ganga basin and it bears a typical humid Monsoon climate. NH-30 and NH-30 A pass through Fatuha. NH-30 A connects Patna via Fatuha to Nalanda district and beyond. Fatuha thus serves as the gateway of the capital city of Patna to central and southern Bihar. Similarly, NH 30 connects Patna via Fatuha to North East of India thus making Fatuha as an eastern gateway of Patna. Fatuha connects to trans-Ganga district of Vaishali through Kachchi Dargah-Rustampur link. Fatuha-Islampur (Nalanda) rail line was also resurrected in 2002 by the then rail minister Sri Nitish Kumar. This rail line is further being expanded to Natesar to connect with Gaya. Fatuha, thus, plays a great role of a combined major rail, road and river junctions. National aquatic animal of India, Dolphin, spread from Buxar to Bhagalpur in Bihar is a very special feature of Fatuha which was seen aplenty here a decade earlier. But recent illegal fishing has cast a great danger to this aquatic asset of India. Fatuha was recently the standalone industrial centre of Bihar producing farm tractors, scooter, etc all at its industrial area. Now these industries are being revived. Right now, Fatuha houses an LPG bottling plant of Bharat Petroleum at its industrial area. Economy Fatuha is a major rural market, catering to the needs of numerous villages which produce all kinds of agrarian and other rural produces like handicrafts, etc. Delicasies Like many other districts in Bihar, Fatuha too has its own kind of delicasy. One of them is Tikri, which is a sweet dish. Mirjai, a sweet prepared from maida, sugar and vegetable oil is a unique dish of Fatuha. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Fatwah had a population of 38,362, with males constituting 54% of the population and females 46%. Fatwah has an average literacy rate of 53%, which is lower than the national average of 59.5%. Male literacy is 60%, whereas female literacy is only 44%. Fatuha has only an affiliated college named Sant Kabir Mahant Vidyanand College under Magadh University which teaches only upto graduation level. It desperately needs a higher quality college. Only then, there would be tangible improvement in its academic atmosphere. In Fatwah, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age. Recent developments

It was the largest development block of Bihar state till its bifurcation. It was the also the first development block unit with its own website and hence was known as the first e-block of Bihar. Fatuha railway yard in its present renovated shape forms the first inland rail container of Bihar. Since August 2007, Fatuha has started functioning as a police subdivision now comprising the police stations of Didarganj, Fatuha, Khusrupur, Daniawa and Shahjahanpur. Chief Minister of Bihar has given special attention to Fatuha Constituency. Many development projects are going on in this area. Some rural areas (Niyamatpur, Kharbhaiya, Sohpar, Saidpur...) in this constituency have progressed a lot. Basic facilities like school, electricity, drinking water and roads are available. Under the master plan of Patna, Fatuha has been declared as satellite city. Recently the chief minister of Bihar inaugurated the Sonalika tractor plant under which many agricultural tools and machines will be manufactured. In January 2011, the first Ganga river police station was inaugurated by the Chief Minister near Maujipur village of Fatuha. Fatuha was once selected for the establishment of a possible IIM during the gubernatorial tenure of Sri Buta Singh. This project is still pending. Fatuha is one of the largest exporters of onion in the world. It produces about 80% of the state's onion production. Hasanchak Hasanchak (Hindi: , Urdu: ( ) baharawan), is a village in Barh, Patna District, Bihar, India.[1] The Ganges River flows close to the village. Contents * 1 Location * 2 Population * 3 References * 4 External Links Location Hasanchak is located on the National Highway 82A (Barh-Sarmera path). The village is 65 km east of Patna, the capital city of the state and district headquarters. The nearest city is Mokama (12 km east) and Khusropur (20 km west). The nearest railway station is located in Barh, and the nearest airport is Patna Airport. Population The population of Hasanchak is 3030 people (1400 female and 1630 male). There is a 78% educational qualification in the village. Khagaul Khagaul (Hindi: Bihar. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 Demographics * 3 References * 4 See also ) is a city and a municipality in Patna district in the Indian state of

Geography Khagaul is located at 2535N 8503E / 25.58N 85.05E / 25.58; 85.05.[1] It has an average elevation of 55 metres (180 feet). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Khagaul had a population of 48,330. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Khagaul has an average literacy rate of 71%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 77%, and female literacy is 65%. In Khagaul, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age. Khusrupur Khusrupur (Hindi: , Urdu: ) is a city and a notified area in Patna district in the Indian state of Bihar. On June 1, 2009, Khusrupur railway station witnessed burning of two trains by a mob protesting the withdrawal of stoppage of trains there.[1] Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Khusrupur had a population of 12,185. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Khusrupur has an average literacy rate of 54%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 62%, and female literacy is 45%. In Khusrupur, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age. Maner Maner (Hindi: , Urdu: ) is a city and a notified area in Patna district in the Indian state of Bihar. Contents * 1 Demographics * 2 Politics * 3 See also * 4 References Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[1], Maner had a population of 26,912. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Maner has an average literacy rate of 52%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 61%, and female literacy is 42%. In Maner, 19% of the population is under 6 years of age. Politics Srikant Nirala of RJD won the Maner seat (assembly constituency no. 192) defeating Sacchidanand Rai of JD(U) in October 2005 and Februruary 2005. Bhai Birendra of SAP defeated Srikat Nirala of RJD in 2000. Srikant Nirala representing Janata Dal defeated Bhai Birendra (Independent) in 1995. Srikant Nirala representing Congress defeated Suryadeo Tyagi of Janata Dal in 1990. Rajmati devi representing Congress defeated Suryadeo Tyagi representing LKD in 1985. Ram Nagina Singh (Independent) defeated Suryadeo Tyagi of Janata Party (SC) in 1980. Suryadeo Tyagi representing Janata Party defeated Ram Nagina Singh representing Congress in 1977. [2] Maner assembly constituency is part of Pataliputra (Lok Sabha constituency). [3]

187 Maner assembly constituency covers Maner community development block; and Aanandpur, Kateshar, Sikandarpur, Parev, Daulatpur Simri, Mushepur, Shri Rampur, Bihta, Dayalpur Daulatpur, Purshottampur Painathi, Bishunpura, Raghopur, Amhara, Kanchanpur Kharagpur, Sadisopur, Painal, Bela, Neora, Makhdoompur and Shri Chandpur gram panchayats of Bihta CD Block. Maner Sharif Maner Sharif (Hindi: , Urdu: ) is located 25 kilometres (16 mi) west of Patna on NH 30. It is the popular medieval site in Bihar. Maner enjoys position of one of the chief spiritual centers in India. Maner Sharif houses two very popular Muslim tombs: * One of Makhdoom Yahya Maneri known as the Bari Dargah. * Onother of Shah Daulat or Makhdum Daulat, popularly called Chhoti Dargah. Contents * 1 History History Maner Sharif is the place where Makhdum Daulat in 1608 breathed his last. It was then in 1616 that Ibrahim Khan, Governor of Bihar who was also his disciple finished the construction of his mausoleum.[1] Choti Dargah - 1780s painting The building at Maner Sharif is a marvelous one. The walls of the building are adorned with intricate designs. There is a big dome on the top and the ceiling is full of inscriptions depicted from the Qur'an. In the compound of the Maner Sharif you will find a mosque which was also constructed by Ibrahim Khan in 1619.[2] In the ancient times Maner Sharif used to be the principal site of learning and knowledge in the region. The well known grammarian Pini as well as Bararuchi were the residents of Maner Sharif where they have completed their studies as well. Maner is also famous for its sweet delicacy ladoos made with pure ghee. Maner Sweets is the most popular sweet makers to serve the famous brand of laddoos called as "Maner ka Laddoo". They have an outlet in Mauryalok Complex(Patna). Masaurhi Masaurhi (Hindi: , Urdu: ) is a city and a Nagar Parishad in Patna district in the Indian state of Bihar. Few will know that it was Yadav farmers who, in 1927, talked to Swami Sahajanand Saraswati to aid them in their struggles against the Bhumihar Brahmin zamindars of Masaurhi, and that it was from that beginning that the most powerful movement in India, the Bihar Provincial Kisan Sabha, emerged.[1] Contents * 1 Demographics * 2 Geography * 3 Politics Demographics

As of 2001[update] India census[2], Masaurhi had a population of 46,943. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Masaurhi has an average literacy rate of 56%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 65%, and female literacy is 46%. In Masaurhi, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age. Geography Masaurhi is located at 2521N 8502E / 25.35N 85.033E / 25.35; 85.033. Politics Poonam Devi of JD(U) won the Masaurhi seat (assembly constituency no. 187) defeating Raj Kishore Prasad representing RJD in October 2005 and an independent candidate in February 2005. Dharmendra Prasad of RJD defeated Poonam Devi representing SAP in 2000. Ganesh Prasad Singh of Janata Dal defeated Poonam Devi representing Congress in 1995. Yougeswar Goup of IPF defeated Poonam Devi representing Congress in 1990. Poonam Devi of Congress Ganesh Prasad Singh of LKD in 1985. Ganesh Prasad Singh representing Janata Party (SC) defeated Rabindra Prasad of Janata Party (SR). Ramdeo Prasad Yadav of Janata Party defeated Raj Kishore Prasad of Congress in 1977. [3] Masaurhi assembly constituency is part of Pataliputra (Lok Sabha constituency). [4] 189 Masaurhi (SC) assembly constituency covers Masaurhi and Dhanarua community development blocks. Mokama Mokama (Hindi: ) is a city and a municipality in Patna district in the Indian state of Bihar. It is located 90 KM east of Patna and is on the rail route connecting Kolkata and New Delhi via Patna. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 Economy * 3 Transport * 4 Demographics * 5 People and Culture Geography Mokama is situated on the southern banks of the Ganges. The landscape here is absolutely plain. Here the land strip along the north of Ganges is called Diara which submerges in Ganges during monsoons, On the south of Mokameh is the "Tal" region which also gets submerged with the backwaters of the Ganges during the monsoons. Economy Not surprisingly, the main occupation is agriculture. Traveling through the city, one can hardly see anything, other than crop fields. Main crops are, Lentils, Chickpea, mustard and vegetables. Papaya is also grown here. However, major portion of the Diara and Tal lands remain submerged for 3 months, giving an impression of sea. Mokameh, once was developing as a market and a trading place. But it has suffered because of rise of local criminals and huge haftas demanded by them. Mokama boasts of factories of McDowell's and Bata Shoes, along with Bharat Wagon and Engineering.

Transport Mokama is connected to all the major cities of India by rail and road. However the neighbouring areas lacked any kind of road until recently. In earlier days, ships were used through Ganges for transportation. Due to the present condition of the roads the largest and the best mode of transport in Mokameh is rail. Demographics As of 2010[update] India census[1], Mokama had a population of 96,441. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Mokama has a literacy rate of 96%, higher than the national average of 69.5%: male literacy is 99%, and female literacy is 93%. In Mokama, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age.AUNTA is the most developed village of MOKAMA block. This is only village in mokama which is known as ADARSH GRAM. There are so many industries in Aunta. There is a CRPF training centre at Mokamaghat. People and Culture Most people speak Magadhi here, a dialect called Magahi locally. However, it changes considerably across a couple of Kilometres. Families are very traditional, and often large. However, as people are getting education, they are becoming liberal. Marriages are generally arranged and they involve a large sum of dowry, although illegal. Bride and groom meet only after marriage. Caste system is ingrained in the social fabric of the place in the same way as it exists in other parts of Bihar. Consequently caste based politics plays an important role in the life of the people here. The continuously diminishing infrastructure and unemployment have forced the people to migrate to other parts of India for better opportunities. The common attire of the people includes dhoti, kurta and gamchha, a large rectangular cotton cloth on their shoulders or tied round heads. Women dress in sarees. The most awaited and widely celebrated festival is Chhath, a festival where people worship the setting and the rising Sun in the month of October/November. Nadwan Nadwan (Hindi: , Urdu: ) , a village in Patna district in Bihar in India, is located about 24 km south from Patna and 70 km north from Gaya, the place where Gautum Buddha got enlightenment. Patna's ancient names are Pataliputra and Kusumpur and it was the capital of the great Magadh empire for a very long period of time. It is established on NH-73, and has a very old Railway station(1n 1934) on Patna - Gaya railway route. this railway station is main focus of attraction for nearby 30-35 villages. The village Nadwan was once considered one of the most respected village in the Patna district. However, due to the rise of anti-social activities (between 1998-2002), this village has lost its past glory. But now its glory is coming on track. Education Around 60 years ago, villagers of Nadwan opened a school (now known as Middle School and High School Nadwan). This school has produced many doctors, engineers, and scientists. This village also has a college, K P S College Nadwan. This is the main source of poor villagers for doing his/her graduation and Post Graduation. Paliganj

Paliganj (Hindi:

, Urdu:

) is a town, a subdivision and an assembly

constituency in Patna district in the Indian state of Bihar. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 Transport * 3 Politics Geography Paliganj is located at 252000N 845000E / 25.3333N 84.8333E / 25.3333; 84.8333. Paliganj subdivision is composed of the following community development blocks: 1. Paliganj, During British Raj Paliganj was under Zamindari Rule of Late Sri Govind Prasad known as Rajabau of Pali, he always helped poors and alloted free land to many landless and homeless people of his area. He also established schools within his Zamandari area and provided free education to the local people regardless of their status. 1. Bikram and 2. Dulhin Bajar.[1] Transport Paliganj is on NH 98. Politics Nand Kumar Nanda of Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation (CPI(ML)(L)) won the Paliganj seat (assembly constituency no. 195) defeating Dr. Usha Vidyarthi of Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) in October 2005, and Dinanath Singh Yadav of Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD) in February 2005. Dinanath Singh Yadav of RJD defeated Janardan Sharma of BJP in 2000. Chandradeo Prasad Verma of Janata Dal defeated Janardan Sharma of BJP in 1995. Ram Lakhan Singh Yadav representing Congress defeated Kripa Narayan Singh of IPF in 1990 and Kanhai Singh of BJP in 1985. Ram Lakhan Singh Yadav representing Congress (U) defeated Kanhai Singh of BJP in 1980. Kanhai Singh (Independent) defeated Akhileswar Singh of Congress in 1977.[2] Paliganj assembly constituency is part of Pataliputra (Lok Sabha constituency). [3] 190 Paliganj assembly constituency covers Dulhin Bazar and Paliganj community development b;ocks. Phulwari Sharif Phulwari Sharif (Urdu: the Indian state of Bihar. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 Demographics * 3 Some Important Places * 4 Politics Geography , Hindi: ) is a notified area in Patna in

Phulwari Sharif is located at 253439N 850446E / 25.57749N 85.079361E / 25.57749; 85.079361 Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Phulwari Sharif had a population of 53,166. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Phulwari Sharif has an average literacy rate of 63%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 70%, and female literacy is 56%. In Phulwari Sharif, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age. Some Important Places Khanqah Mujeebia, Sheesh Mahal, Shahi Sangi Masjid, Imarat Sharia..." The place has a long religious history that is intensely attached with the birth and development of the Sufi culture in our country. The Sufi saints of the ancient times had made Bihar one of the important centers of religious, social and cultural developments, and Phulwari Sharif was one such region where the Sufi saints had spread their message of love and toleration. The small town of Phulwari Sharif has now turned into a prominent city and a notified area of the Patna, capital city of Bihar.Now it also comes under Patna Municipal Corporation and under the plan of Greater Patna. The present city of Phulwari Sharif constitutes majority of the Muslim population. The civilization of the city dates back to the days of inception of the Sufi culture in our country. The Phulwari Sharif had been frequented by most Sufi saints of that period, one of them being the famous Hazrat Pir Mujibullah.[2] Khanqah Mujeebia Khanqah Faridia& Sheesh Mahal where the Sufi saints had spread their message of love and Peace. Phulwari Sharif can also boast of a religious educational institution like Qazi Noorul Hasan Memorial School, popularly known as the Madarsa which has played a cardinal role in spreading the light of enlightenment to the poor masses of the region. Sangi Masjid of the place bears relics of the rich architectural past of the region. Built in red sand stone by the Mughal Emperor Humayun, the Mosque is one of the main attraction for the tourist and believers of the Muslim religion near the mosque there is a shrine [Tomb} of Lal shah baba its known as Lal miyan ki dargah there is some wellknown people are living there like Babu s/o Ahmed kabir Mr. Eiddu, Mr. qaiser Mr. Nisar malick,Mr. Rehan, Mr.Mumtaz Alam and Mr. Ashraf etc. Politics Shyam Rajak of RJD won the Phulwari seat (assembly constituency no. 193), reserved for scheduled castes, thrice in a row. He defeated Arun Manjhi of JD(U) in October 2005, Uday Kumar of JD(U) in February 2005, and Sanjeev Prasad Toni of Congress in 2000. Representing Janata Dal in 1995 he defeated Sanjeev Prasad Toni of Congress. Sanjeev Prasad Toni of Congress won the seat thrice, defeating Vidyanand Vikal of IPF in 1990, and Dashrath Paswan of CPI in 1985 and 1980. Ram Prit Paswan of Janata Party defeated Dasrath Paswan of CPI in 1977.[3] Phulwari assembly constituency is part of Pataliputra (Lok Sabha constituency).[4]

188 Phulwari (SC) assembly constituency covers Phulwarisarif and Punpun community development blocks. Rohtas district Rohtas district is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar state, India. Headquarters: Sasaram Area: 3850 km Population: 2,448,762 (2001 census) Sub Divisions: Sasaram, Dehri, Bikramganj Blocks: Nauhatta, Chenari, Nasriganj, Rohtas, Shivsagar, Dawath, Karakat, Nokha., Vikramganj, Kargahar, Sasaram, Dihri, Dinara, Kochas, Akorhigola, Rajpur, Tilauthu, Suryapura, Sanjhauli. Agriculture: Paddy, Wheat, Lentils Industry: Cement Rivers: Son, Kaw The Rohtas district is a part of Patna Division, and it has an area of 3850 km (square kilometres), a population of 2,448,762 (2001 census), and a population density of 636 persons per km. The language spoken in this area is Bhojpuri. The administrative headquarters of the district, Sasaram is a place of historical importance. Another important symbol of national pride is Sone Bridge, built over the Sone River.There are two parallel bridges, one for road and another for railway. The road bridge (Jawahar Setu built by Gammon India in 1963-65) over Sone was the longest (3061 m) in Asia until it was surpassed by the Mahatma Gandhi setu (5475 m) over the river Ganges at Patna. The railway bridge is still the longest railway bridge in Asia. The district is also home to the Rohtasgarh fort, which was one of the strongest forts in the medieval age. Contents * 1 Geography and climate * 2 Demographics * 3 Industry * 4 Transport Geography and climate The district has a variety of landscapes within a small area, with flat plains running alongside the Kaimur Range and Rohtas Plateau. The majority of the land is a fertile floodplain of the Son River which is a tributary of the Ganges originating in Madhya Pradesh. The mountains of the Kaimur Range, which is an extension of the Vindhya Range were heavily forested in recent history, however mass deforestation has occurred due to firewood being used as fuel. The area is highly fertile and due to this is densely populated. Villages in the district include Majhigawan, Tipa, Thumba and Nawadih. Tilouthu and Akbarpur are small towns, while Dehri-on-sone and Sasaram are the largest towns. The climate of the region is sub-tropical and typical of the plains of Northern India, with hot dry summers and cool winters with cold nighttime temperatures. The monsoon is vital for the district as the economy is mainly based on agriculture. Deforestation has led to climate change and has had an environmental impact, with drought becoming more frequent and temperatures becoming warmer. As recently as the early 1990s, nighttime frost used to be common in the winter, however deforestation in the Kaimur hills has had a negative impact. Demographics

Rohtas District in 2001 had 24,50,748 people (estimated 2010 population of 30,65,500)-12,83,485 males (52.3%) and 11,67,263 females (47.7%). Male literacy is 60.5%, female literacy 36.5%, and total literacy 49.2%--much lower than average national respective ratios of 75.3%, 53.7% and 64.8% Industry Until 1980, Dalmianagar was one of the major industrial cities in India. It had sugar, vegetable oil, cement, paper, and chemical factories (Rohtas Industries) but now they are closed. Dacoities, extortion and interference from the local mafia led to the downfall of this place. Recently it got bad names because of increasing kidnapping cases, which has flourished because of nexus between local politicians from Lalu Prasad Gang, criminals and the police. This incident has left many local businessmen moving out of the district. The basis for the economy, as in almost all of Bihar, is agriculture. Some major crops include macca, rice, gram and lentils. In 2008-09 budget establishment of railway factory in Dalmianagar has been passed and the campus of Dalmianagar factory has been taken by railway. Recently (NovemberDecember 2008) its foundation stone is laid by Railway Minister Sri. Lalu Prasad Yadav. Dehri On Sone is also famous for coal depot. This market brings customers from all over of North India for coal trading. There is one hydropower generation unit which generates 6.6 megawatts of electricity. The language in this district and the neighboring district of Bhojpur is Bhojpuri. Natwaar is famous for rice production. There are many ricemills located in this area. There are big business man like Ojha Ji, Ram sakal rai and other many people they have big business of ricemills in Natwar Transport This city is well connected with railway and road. Dehri on sone and Sasaram has big railway station with almost all the major train stops there. This place is well connected with the road as Grant Trunk Road passes through the heart of both of Dehri and Sasaram.Sasaram is well connected with Ara by rail as well as road. Banjari Banjari (Hindi: , Urdu: ) is a town on the Sone River in Rohtas district, to the south-east of Sasaram at the south-western tip of Bihar, India. The town is home to Kalyanpur Cement Ltd., one of the largest companies in the state. KCL is one of the oldest cement factory in India, and it is the burning example for fabulous society. Dehri-on-Sone & Sasaram Railway Station, situated on the Mughal Sarai-Gaya railway route, serves this town. Dehri-on-sone is the nearest railway station (38km). The main transport service between dehri and banjari is provided by private buses. Bikramganj Bikramganj (Hindi: in the state of Bihar, India. Contents * 1 Geography , Urdu: ) is a city and a notified area in Rohtas district

o 1.1 Important Places * 2 Education * 3 Culture * 4 Transport * 5 Places of Entertainment * 6 Demographics Geography Bikramganj is located at 2512N 8415E / 25.2N 84.25E / 25.2; 84.25.[1] It has an average elevation of 77 metres (252 feet). Important Places VIP COLONY [created by Late Dr. Ramji Singh] situated in Nasariganj Road,Maa Askaamani Mandir (Nasariganj Road),mauni baba ki kutia,Durga maa mandir ,kali mandir , a religious place near by bikramganj - bhaluni dham, brahm baba place,the origin of thora river which starts from Nonhar. Bihar's biggest biskoman factory, there are many kind of production in biskoman, It comes in the Bihar government.There are quite a few decent hotels as well,believe Jairam should be rated as the best among them taking into account its charges and the kind of facilities they provide. However, most of the time during the year is occupancy is almost full. Would advise people to get advance booking done in case one is planning any osry of visit. Education Education facilities in the district are minimal; there are a few colleges, such as A.S. COLLEGE(UNDER VEER KUWAR SING UNIVERSITY),PATEL COLLEGE, TAPESHWAR SING MAHILA COLLEGE. Modern ITI(near shyam takies),Modern ITI(Near Anjabit singh college)Sahabad ITI,Aryamanya ITI,Bhagwan singh ITI,Among schools following CBSE curriculum, there DOLPHIN English school, DAV public school, Krisha sudarshan public school ,Divine light high school etc. Few schools follow state curriculum. mother land convent high school is one of them. It produces number of engineers and docters. Culture The main festivals of the district are Chatt, Hanuman Jayanti, Eid, Mohrram, Durga pooja, Diwali and Saraswati pooja, Hoii, Raksha bandhan, Christmas. Transport Bikramganj is well connected place by train and bus. This is around 120KM from Patna.The nearest airport is in Patna. and 7 km from Matuli village (Dr. Ramji Singh Home town), around 2okm NOKHA from Bikramganj here largest numbers of Rice mills all over INDIA and NOKHA is famous for NOKHA GARH.MATULI is a ideal village of bikramganj. Places of Entertainment Bikramganj has a number of cinema theaters - Shyam talkies. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Bikramganj had a population of 38,391. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Bikramganj has an average literacy rate

of 75%, greater than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 67% and female literacy of 48%. 19% of the population is under 6 years of age. Dalmianagar Dalmianagar (Hindi: , Urdu: ) is one of the oldest and biggest industrial towns in India. It is situated at Dehri-on-Sone on the banks of the Son River in Rohtas district of Bihar. This is a city and a Municipality in Rohtas district in the state of Bihar, India, Combinedly known as Dehri-Dalmianagar Nagar Palika. Contents * 1 History * 2 Rohtas Industries BG (5'6") Shed * 3 The Dehri Rohtas Light Railway (2'6") running shed * 4 The Dehri Rohtas Light Railway (2'6") running shed History The Industrial town of Dalmianagar was founded by the famous industrialist Ramkrishna Dalmia,Dalmianagar is the small part of DEHRI ON SONE .A doyens of business in 20th century India and founder of the Dalmia group. He was assisted by his younger brother Jaidayal Dalmia and son in law Sahu Shanti Prasad Jain in establishing many factories of Rohtas Industries Ltd. in Dalmianagar(DEHRI ON SONE). Shanti Prasad Jain took over Rohtas Industries Ltd. from his father-in-law, and under his stewardship, Dalmianagar developed into a massive industrial town from 1940s till 1980s with factories producing sugar, cement, paper, chemicals, vanaspati etc. employing top professionals of the country. Dalmianagar boasted of vast and beautiful housing colony, gardens, clubs, schools, market complexes, hospital etc. for its employees. Rohtas Industries had their own private aircraft in those days and a small air-field near Dalmianagar(DEHRI ON SONE). The prosperity of Dalmianagar started to decline in mid 1970s as the law and order situation in this industrial town began to worsen. Local mafia indulged in dacoity and kidnapping. Slowly, executives and professionals began to leave and the factories were mismanaged. By mid 1980s factories started to shut down. Massive electricity bills remained unpaid by Rohtas Industries Ltd. to the State Electricity Board. There were irregularities in payment of salaries and wages to employees. By 1990s Dalmianagar looked like a ghost place. ==Rohtas Industries Dalmianagar and Dehri-Rohtas Light Railway==neeraj kumar singh was founder. The Dehri Rohtas Light Railway started off as Dehri Rohtas Tramway Company in 1907 promoted by The Octavius Steel and Company of Calcutta. The original contract was to build a 40 km feeder line from Rohtas to the East Indian Railway's Delhi - Calcutta trunk route at Dehri on sone. Soon thereafter, the tramway company was incorporated as a light railway in order to acquire the assets of the then defunct Dwara - Therria Light Railway in Assam. The DRLR opened to traffic in 1911 and was booming by 1913-14 when it carried over 50,000 passengers and 90,000 tons of freight, the goods traffic mainly consisting of marble and stone. In 1927, a 2.5 km spur was added to Rohtasgarh Fort from Rohtas.

Rohtas Industries brought the line up to Tiura Pipradih by adding another 25 km to the DRLR, most of which passed through their property. The DRLR operated a very mixed bag of locomotives. It started off with 0-6-2 tank locomotives, three of which arrived from the Dwara - Therria Railway after it closed in 1909. In the pre IRS years, it also used 0-6-0, 0-4-0 (Sentinal) and 0-6-4 variants of tank locomotives. After the wartime increase in traffic the railway brought as many as eight new ZB class 2-6-2 tender locomotives, orders for which were equally split between Hudswell Clarke and Krauss Maffei. At its peak, the DRLR used to operate two daily passengers trains in each direction from Dehri-on-Sone and Tiura Pipradih, a run of 67 km. Apart from this the railway carried marble and stone traffic to the mainline at Dehri on sone. The railway also purchased several locomotives second hand notable among which were the A/1 class 2-8-4 tank locomotives built by Hudswell Clarke that arrived from the Pulgaon Arvi system of Central Railway in 1959. Other unique locomotives that operated on DRLR were the several ex. Kalka - Simla Railway K class 2-6-2 tank engines by Kerr Stuart and 26-4 tank engines by Henschel that arrived from the Shahdara - Saharanpur Light Railway. Due to the decline in traffic and competition to road in the late 1970s, the DRLR succumbed and closed to traffic on July 16, 1984. Although the DRLR was a hotspot for narrow gauge enthusiasts from Europe in the 1970s, not much has appeared about it in the media since its closure. Brian Manktelow from London, England decided to unravel the fate of DRLR rolling stock in 1994 and visited the area. Below is a brief trip report: An unannounced chance visit to the Rohtas Industries works Jan 19th, 1994 proved very fruitful. After making personal contact with the management, we were given permission and a guide to visit all three sites. Rohtas Industries BG (5'6") Shed All seven locomotives were present in and around the shed. The three Jung tanks and the two old East Indian Railway (EIR) 0-6-4 tank locomotives were seen in very clean condition and ready to run. The fourth Jung tank engine was stripped down for long-term repair. The only really grubby looking loco of the lot was the Kerr Stuart saddle tank engine. Considering that these locomotives had not turned a wheel since the early 1980s, they were indeed in remarkable condition and everyone around spoken to was optimistic that one day the order will come for them to return to service and they will be ready for it! Dehri Rohtas Railway 0-6-4T #6 Avonside works# 1982 of 1926. Dehri Rohtas Railway, 1980/01/14 Rhotas Industries Ltd. No.6 is a broad gauge 0-6-4 tank locomotive built by Vulcan Foundry in 1908. Prior to arriving at RIL in 1967, it worked for Eastern Railway as ER No.34308. Locomotive No. Type Manufacturer Makers No. Year 1 0-4-0ST Kerr Stuart 4173 1921 2 0-6-0T Jung 11736 1953 3 0-6-0T Jung 11737 1953 4 0-6-0T Jung 12796 1957

5 0-6-0T Jung 12797 1957 6 0-6-4T Vulcan Foundry 2294 1908 7 0-6-4T Vulcan Foundry 3103 1915 - All locomotives except No.1 & 3 were in good stored condition, looking very presentable - No.1 was in poor condition - No.3 was completely dismantled, under prolonged heavy repair. The Dehri Rohtas Light Railway (2'6") running shed Here it was a completely different story. The railway closed on July 16, 1984 and since then nothing has moved. In the shed there were seven ZB class and three tank engines, one being Kalka Simla Railway. All were seen totally rusted through and shot to pieces with trees and vegetation running riot on, through and around them. They are still locked up and guarded and inaccessible without permission though. Locomotive No. Type Manufacturer Makers No. Year 7-9 ZB 2-6-2 Hudswell Clarke 1806-8 1950 11-12 ZB 2-6-2 Krauss Maffei 17906-7 1954 13 ZB 2-6-2 Krauss Maffei 18300 1955 15 ZB 2-6-2 Slavonski Brod. -1959 24 K 2-6-2T North British ` 18598 1908 6 ` 0-6-4T Avonside ` 1982 1926 RI 1 0-6-4T Avonside 1457 1902 - All locos were seen in poor or derelict condition - No.7-9, 11-13 and No.15 were brought new by DRLR. - No.24 is ex. Kalka Simla Railway, Northern Railway No.529 - RI 1 is ex Dwara - Therria Light Railway - Most of the above locos still had their work plates intact - The ZBs had raised brass numerals on the cabside and raised brass DRLR lettering on some of the tenders The Dehri Rohtas Light Railway (2'6") running shed The workshop is situated a little way outside of the town and was once again found locked up and guarded. Upon entry we found a time warp on the whole place. Two ZB locomotives were seen stripped down in mid repair and seven tank engines in various stages of dereliction. Also present was a small Orenstein and Koppel diesel engine that was locked up in a wire cage compound so details are not available. Also in the works were several items of coaching stock all dating back from the early 1900 and built in Leeds, England. On the railway itself, the old exchange sidings with the mainline were packed with rusting narrow gauge wagons and boxcars. The entire track leading from the sidings and out into the country has been lifted but the track bed was quite easy to follow. The area around the loco shed and in the factory boundaries is still intact although fenced off and inaccessible from the local paths and roads. Vast amount of wagons still survive but all like the locos are in deplorable condition. Locomotive No. Type Manufacturer Makers No. Year Condition

2 0-6-2T Kerr Stuart 3120 1920 derelict 3 0-6-2T Avonside 1459 1902 stripped down 5 0-6-2T Avonside 1856 1920 derelict 10 ZB 2-6-2 Hudswell Clarke 1809 1950 under repair 14 ZB 2-6-2 Krauss Maffei 18301 1955 under repair 23 K 2-6-2T North British 18788 1909 dismantled for scrap 28 2-6-4T Hunslet --derailed at 45 deg. against wall 29 2-6-4T Hunslet --derelict RI 2 0-6-2T Avonside 1458 1902 very derelict -Diesel 0-4-0 Orenstein and Koppel --locked up in wire cage - This is how the workshop was left at closure of the line in 1984 - RI 2 is ex Dwara - Therria Light Railway - No.23 is ex. Kalka Simla Railway, Northern Railway No.514 We have not seen any reports of visits to the works or the railway since this time. Although twelve years have passed since the last reported visit, it would hardly come as a surprise to us if it is still much the same. In Brian's words, "If anything, or at all still exists and you are able to get in all right, you will be in seventh heaven! It was a fantastic time warp, be warned that you will need at least half a day to cover the three sites plus the usual tea and biscuits chat time." A slightly modified version of No.5, the No. 6 engine was a 0-6-4T also built by Avonside in 1926. [Photo by Mick Pope] Every well equipped railway needs an ambulance coach. This is the Dehri Rhotas Railway's version powered by a converted jeep. How do they turn the jeep at the destination? Easy, they insert a jack under the centre and spin it round - which is fine unless it falls off part way round - which it did on our visit!. Dehri on Sone, 1980 ==Closure of Industrial Complex, Dalmianagar(DEHRI ON SONE),BIHAR Of total of 12,629 workers employed in Rohtas Group of Industries Prior to its Closure in July 1984, 10,312 workers were permanent and remaining 2,317 were either contract labour or casual worker. Excepting 444 employees engaged in essential services including security services, all were thrown out of employment, Thus together with the unemployed registered with the local Employment exchange numbering 3,28,839, the total number of workers seeking employment as in June, 1987 added up to 3,41,024. The situation further worsened when thousand of people who were earlier engaged in ancillary industries in some form or the other also lost their job. In 2009 Rohtas Industries Ltd. has been undertaken by Indian Railway to start manufacturing of Freight Bogie and Coupler for high capacity, higher axle load wagons; but it is not going properly. As per information given by the Minister of State for Railways, Shri K.H.

Muniyappa in a written reply in Lok Sabha on 15th April, 2010, the factory is to come up on Public Private Participation (PPP) basis. Technology to be utilized in this plant is yet to be obtained by Indian Railways. Further progress will start with acquisition of new technology. . Now there is also a news that NTPC is setting up a plant nearby and would provide housing to its employees in some of existing houses in the colony. Dehri Dehri On Sone DEHRI (Hindi: name: DehrionSone or ) (Traditionally called , New English

, Means on the Bank of Sone River) is a city and a

Municipality in Rohtas district in the state of Bihar, India. It is a Sub Division under Patna Division and Headquarter of The Bihar Military Police (BMP-2) as well as The Police headquarters of the Sahabad Range. This city is also known as Industrial Town of the Rohtas district.DEHRI ON SONE is Well connected by road & rail.Dehri has Own Airbase,but this time not working in proper way.Dehri is located on the bank of Sone.Dehri On Sone boasted of vast & beautiful colonies,Educational institutes,Hotels,Restaurants,Hospitals,Clubs,Marketing places,Theaters, etc. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 About Closure of Industrial Complex, Dalmianagar(DEHRI ON SONE) * 3 Demographics * 4 Climate * 5 Education * 6 How to reach Dehri On Sone * 7 Business * 8 Hospitals * 9 Places to see o 9.1 Indrapuri Barrage o 9.2 Rohtasgarh Fort o 9.3 Sasaram * 10 Festivals * 11 Shopping * 12 Hotels & Restaurants * 13 Theaters in DEHRI ON SONE * 14 Educational Achievements * 15 Nearby Villages Geography Dehri, a small town in northeastern India, lies on the bank of the Sone River with an average elevation of 99 metres (324 feet). It has a Railway station on the Grand Chord railways route. Until 1984, it had three railway stations. There were two separate railway stations called DehrionSone - one for narrow gauge Dehri Rohtas Light Railway and one for the Grand

Chord Line. The two railway stations had no rail link because of gauge difference and were separated by a road called Station road. The third station, Dehri City Railway station, was situated at the centre of the town on Dehri-Rohtas light Railway route. The Grand Trunk Road/ (NH 2) passes through the heart of the town. Dalmianagar the industrial town is just beside Dehri. Dehri is also called Dehri-On-Sone and sometimes combined as Dehri-Dalmianagar. The main occupation of the local population is agriculture principally rice, Lime stone and Coal Trading.DEHRI has own Airbase,but this time it is not working in proper way. About Closure of Industrial Complex, Dalmianagar(DEHRI ON SONE) The Industrial town of Dalmianagar was founded by the famous industrialist Ramkrishna Dalmia, a doyens of business in 20th century India and founder of the Dalmia group. He was assisted by his younger brother Jaidayal Dalmia and son in law Sahu Shanti Prasad Jain in establishing many factories of Rohtas Industries Ltd. in Dalmianagar.(DEHRI ON SONE) Shanti Prasad Jain took over Rohtas Industries Ltd. from his father-in-law, and under his stewardship, Dalmianagar developed into a massive industrial town from 1940s till 1980s with factories producing sugar, cement, paper, chemicals, vanaspati etc. employing top professionals of the country. DEHRI ON SONE boasted of vast and beautiful housing colony, gardens, clubs, schools, market complexes, hospital etc. for its employees. Rohtas Industries had their own private aircraft in those days and a small air-field at DEHRI ON SONE. The prosperity of Dalmianagar started to decline in mid 1970s as the law and order situation in this industrial town began to worsen. Local mafia indulged in dacoity and kidnapping. Slowly, executives and professionals began to leave and the factories were mismanaged. By mid 1980s factories started to shut down. Massive electricity bills remained unpaid by Rohtas Industries Ltd. to the State Electricity Board. There were irregularities in payment of salaries and wages to employees. By the 1990s, Dalmianagar looked like a ghost place. A total of 12,629 workers employed in Rohtas Group of Industries Prior to its Closure in July 1984. 10,312 workers were permanent and remaining 2,317 were either contract labour or casual worker. Except for 444 employees engaged in essential services, including security services, all were thrown out of employment. Thus together with the unemployed registered with the local Employment exchange numbering 3,28,839, the total number of workers seeking employment as in June, 1987 added up to 3,41,024. The situation further worsened when thousands of people who were earlier engaged in ancillary industries in some form or the other also lost their job. Demographics As of the 2001 Indian census,[1] Dehri had a population of 119,007. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Dehri has an average literacy rate of 66%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 74% and, female literacy is 57%. Official language is Hindi and English. People speak in Hindi but mostly in Bhojpuri.Some well educated people speak English. DEHRI ON SONE is divided in 39 wards. Climate

Dehri becomes quite hot during summer. Although summer temperatures may reach 43 to 48 degrees Celsius, the average summer temperature is 38 degrees. During winter the temperature is around 5 to 10 degrees Celsius. Normal rainfall is 950 mm. The best time to visit is between October and March. Education Dehri does not have many good educational institutes for higher degrees; however, for primary education, it offers many government supported and private schools, which provide education in Hindi medium as well as English medium. A few of the famous schools are GEMS English School, Model School, DAV Public School, RBS Education Foundation,Holistic Heritage Academy, Sun Beam Public School and Dehri High School,Dillion High School, High School (Inter College) Dalmiangar, STR School etc. There are many girl's school - Rama Rani Jain Balika Uchch Vidyalaya, Balika vidyalaya, Dalmianagar and one womens' college - Mahila College. For higher education, there are several UG colleges:Jawahar Lal Nehru College, Jagjeevan College, Women's College and RKS College,Baba Ganinath College,Mata Gujari Mahila College. There are plenty of private institutions and facilities. It is also a good environment for technical education, many iti in Dehri,like Govt. ITI, prabha ITI on NH-2, and vishwkarma ITI in katar (DEHRI ON SONE).NARAYAN MEDICAL COLLEGE & HOSPITAL,Jamuhar(DEHRI ON SONE).Polytechnic College is under construction in DEHRI ON SONE. The City now has a vast pool of professionals working in the reputed organizations of the country and abroad. How to reach Dehri On Sone You can reach DEHRI ON SONE via road or Train from different part of india.DEHRI ON SONE have own Airbase,but this time it is not working.All major train stops at Dehri On Sone Jn. station like Newdelhi-Ranchi Rajdhani Exp,Poorva Exp,Garib Rath,Purushottam Exp,Jalianwala bagh Exp,Parasnath Exp,Shipra Exp etc., more than 2 dozen Express train stops at Dehri on Sone station. Dehri on sone is situated between Varanasi & Dhanbad on NH-2.DEHRI ON SONE Jn. is the most important Railway station between Mughalsarai and Gaya. Business Business here is principally based on agriculture, Lime Stone and one very good business area is the coal depot, where trading of coal takes place and which employ more than a lakh of people including people from other parts of the state and the country. The coal depot is the second largest coal trading place in the country.DEHRI exports sand in all over india. Hospitals Narayan Medical College & Hospital Jamuhar(DEHRI ON SONE),ESI Hospital,Gems Hospital,Govt. Hospital,Bose Clinic,Jeewan Jyoti,Life line are Famous Hospitals of this town.Large number of victims/patients come for treatment because DEHRI has large number of doctors. Places to see

Indrapuri Barrage,Rohtas Fort,Naulakha mandir,Shershah Tomb,Hanuman Mandir,Annicut Park,and one of the best mohalla "Gandhi Nagar" to see.It's a great place to see. Indrapuri Barrage Indrapuri Barrage is one of the longest dams in India, storing a large amount of water. It is located nearly 5 km from Main Town. From it flow 2 major and several other small canals which supply the whole of western and central Bihar with water for irrigation. Rohtasgarh Fort Rohtasgarh Fort Situated at Rohtas, 40 km south of Dehri on sone on Kaimur Range and 1500 m above sea level, It is easily accessible via NH 2C (National Highway 2C originating from NH 2 the Grand Trunk Road at Dehri itself) Famous for Rohtasgarh Fort. Rohitashva, son of King Harishchandra founded the town of Rohtas Garh in Rohtas district, Bihar, as well as Rohtak, Punjab, originally Rohitakaul, meaning from the Kul (family) of Rohit. The Rohtas Fort is one of the most ancient forts of India. The culture of the Sone Valley is best symbolized by the Rohtasgarh Fort, which is a testimony of strength and power. Places of interest here are Hathiya Pol and Elephant Gate, The Aina Mahal, Jami Masjid and Habsh Khan's mausoleum, Ganesh Temple, The Hanging House, Rohtasan Temple and Devi Temple, Diwan-e-khas, and Diwan-e-aam. There are many water falls in this area, falls from top of kaimur hill towards east and joins Sone River and one can also Visit Dhurwan Kund & Gupta Dham caves, Shergarh fort on this Hill. Mausole de Sher Shah Suri Sasaram Sasaram Situated 17 km West of Dehri, Sasaram is easily accessible via Grand Trunk Road/NH 2 and by train. Sasaram has a railway station (Junction) on Howrah-New Delhi Grand Chord line of the Indian Railways, connecting Calcutta and New Delhi, Head quarter of Rohtas District as well as the Sadar Subdivision Sasaram. There are several monuments near town. It is famous for the Sher Shah Suri Tomb, a hexagonally-shaped tomb built of stone, which dates back to the middle of the sixteenth century. This tomb is the second highest tomb in India. It is situtated in the middle of a big tank. It is a fine specimen of the pathan architecture, and a tourist attraction. Recently Sher Shah Suri Tomb was selected as "3rd Wonder of Bihar" [2] and nominated for "7 Wonders of India." [3] The tomb of Hasan Khan Suri, father of Sher Shah, is also located in Sasaram. His tomb is also known as Sukha Roza. There is a temple of Goddess Tarachandi and a small inscription of Pratap Dhawal on the rock close to the temple of Chandi Devi. Hindus assemble there in large numbers to worship the goddess. Festivals Major festivals are Holi, Durgapuja, Dussehra, Diwali, Chitragupt Puja, Bhai dooj, Teej, Vat Savitri pooja and most important is Chhath.Chhath is very nicely celebrated in the town after Patna. The whole town is decorated like heaven. Wherever people from town have migrated,

they come back to celebrate this festival. People dedicate themselves in social services like cleaning of roads, helping others during this festival. Shopping There are two main markets, Dehri Bazaar and Station Road Bazaar. There is no local speciality of Dehri markets. But you get fresh fruits & vegetables at station road market and dalmianagar bazar. Shopping center at old GT Road called Sinha Complex which is single largest 7 floor shopping complex in town is going to open shortly. Dehri is also known for its jewellerys it is a big hub of jewellery manufacturing for local towns and cities like Garhwa, Daltonganj, Sasaram, Aurangabad, Bhabhua etc. Hotels & Restaurants Rimjhim Hotel is the oldest hotel with excellent facilities in the town which is situated in pali road.Urvashi Hotel,Vandana Hotel,Hotel Sonebreez,Upkar hotel,Samrat Hotel,Aashirwad Hotel are some important Hotels of DEHRI ON SONE.There are many Hotels situated at Station Road in DEHRI ON SONE.Hanumani Niketan,Sufi niketan,Vivah Mandap,Agrasen Bhawan,Lagan Mandap etc. are some important Marriage Purpose Hotels in DEHRI ON SONE.Family restaurant,Chahat,Urvashi restaurant are famous restaurants of Dehri On Sone. Theaters in DEHRI ON SONE Jai hind,Apshra,Trimurti,Rohit Chitra Mandir,Delight are the important Theaters of this city Educational Achievements In 2005 it was golden year for Dehri as Manish Kumar topped in metric exam in whole Bihar whose is currently in Bharath University. Nearby Villages Katar, Bastipur, Narayanpur(village of amit kumar tiwary ), Bheria, Tar-bangala, Manikpur, Manoura, Badiha, Darihat, Makrain, Saron, Bisrampur, sakhra and Baligaon. The KATAR village The unique name of the village Katar has got its name from one of the incident that took place at the time of first Independence of war i.e. 1857. Katar means a knife. Villagers killed some British police using knife and threw their bodies in the nearby well, since then it has got its name. Katar is one of the village surrounded by the other villages like Narayanpur in the North, Shankarpur in South, Sone River in East and Bhaluari in West. This village has population around 1500-1600. It has two Govt. primary school located in the vicinity and one DAV public School run by private organisation. Out of this two Govt. primary school one is situated in the blessing surrounding of "Goddess Kali". Some of the people who have got their primary education from this school are serving in different Govt. as well as private sector for the nation. This village is one of the fastest developing village in the area. The educational percentage of the village people is increasing rapidly. It has one famous temple in the village which is Kaali Mandir. All the people who get married take the blessings of Maa Kaali while going for marriage and after return. During Durga puja this temple witness a huge gathering of people from nearby villages and also

from far flung areas like Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand etc. One of the largest contribution of this and the nearby villages are that some of them have dedicated their whole life in making one of the nations pride in Industrial sector i.e. Navratna PSU "Bokaro Steel Plant" Koath Koath is a notified area in Rohtas district in the Indian state of Bihar. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 Demographics * 3 Education Geography Koath is located at 2519N 8416E / 25.32N 84.27E / 25.32; 84.27[1]. It has an average elevation of 73 metres (239 feet). One one the main challenges this "big" village faces is the virtual isolation from big cities. Koath lies away from the main highways and people have to resort to travel by rickshaws or horse-carts when they land in Babhanawal adda. The main bridge linking Koath to Babhanawal Adda was broken for decades, albeit it is functional ineffectively now-a-days. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[2], Koath had a population of 20,809. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Koath has an average literacy rate of 48%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 59%, and female literacy is 36%. In Koath, 19% of the population is under 6 years of age. Education Jagnarayan high school serves to provide high school education for Koath and its neighboring villages. Nokha Nokha (Hindi: , Urdu: ) is a city and a notified area in Rohtas district in the Indian state of Bihar.A notified person Mahendar Prasad of Nokha is also of this Village Contents * 1 Demographics * 2 Economy Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Nokha had a population of 22,338. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Nokha has an average literacy rate of 53%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 64%, and female literacy is 42%. In Nokha, 18% of the population is under 6 years of age. Economy Nokha is renowned for the numerous rice mills it has. This makes Nokha the center of rice production in Bihar. Although, the number of rice mills has been decreasing over the years, it still is the main driving force for Nokha's economy.

Sasaram Sasaram (Hindi: , Urdu: ) , sometimes also spelled as Sahasram, is the administrative headquarters of the Rohtas district in the Indian state of Bihar. Contents * 1 History * 2 Geography * 3 Connectivity and transportation * 4 Education * 5 Sasaram HVDC back-to-back station * 6 IT and e-Governance * 7 Demographics * 8 Economy History Sasaram is an ancient city, and it is believed that a demon named 'Sahastrabahu' lived near here from the age of 'Ramayana'. Sahastrabahu was killed by Parsuram. Earlier, the name of the city was Sahasram, initials of Sahasrabahu and Parsuram. It is also believed that the name of the city, Sasaram, came from his name Sahastrabahu to Sahasram (Sahastrabahu + Parsuram) to Sasaram. Some historians[who?] also believed that name from Nikulakashakabasu, an ancient king and Parsuram, the warrior sage. Sasaram is the birthplace of the Afghan king Sher Shah Suri, who ruled in Delhi, much of Northern India, what is now Pakistan, and eastern Afghanstan for five years, after defeating Humayun, the Mughal Emperor. After his death, his son Islam Shah, then Adil Shah and Hindu king Hemu, or Hem Chandra VikramadityA, ruled the empire of Sher Shah Suri. Many of Sher Shah Suri's practices were adopted by the Mughals and the British Raj including taxation, administration, and the building of a paved Grand Trunk Road from Kabul to Bengal. Sasaram has a 122 ft (37.2 m) red sandstone tomb of Sher Shah Suri, built in the IndoAfghan style which stands in the middle of an artificial lake. It is an example of medieval Islamic funerary architecture in India. It borrows heavily from the Lodhi style, and was once covered in blue and yellow glazed tiles indicating an Iranian influence. The massive free standing dome also has an aesthetic aspect of the Bhuddhist stupa style of the Mauryan period. There is another tomb, which is the tomb of Sher Shah's father, in the middle of green field at Sherganj, which is known as Sukha Rauza. These tombs were built by Sher Shah. Sasaram also has a baulia, a pool used by the emperor's consorts for bathing. The NH2 (Grand Trunk Road) passes through the city. The Rohtasgarh fort The fort of Sher Shah Suri at Rohtasgarh is in Sasaram. This fort has a history back to 7th century AD. The fort was built by Raja Harishchandra in the name of his son Rohitashwa, and houses the churasan temple, ganesh temple, diwan-e khas, diwan-e-aam, and various other structures dating back to different centuries, and to different styles of architecture. The

fort also served as the headquarters of Raja Man Singh during his reign as the governor of bihar and bengal under the regime of Akbar. Rohtaas fort in Bihar should not be confused with Rohtaas fort, near Jhelum, Punjab, in what is now Pakistan. The Rohtaas fort was also built by Sher Shah Suri, during the period when Humayun was exiled from Hindustan. Sher Shah Suri Tomb, Sasaram Sasaram is also famous for the Maa Tara Chandi Temple (where a fantabulous crowd can be always observed in SHRAWAN month or in DUSSEHARA), and also for the Kaimur mountain. The two waterfalls, which add to Sasaram's scenic beauty, are the Manjhar Kund, and Dhua Kund. A fair is organized at these places every year, after a day of Raksha Bandhan. The two waterfalls have capacity to generate 50-100 MW of electricity, if utilized properly. Sasaram is also famous for Stone Chips and Stone mining industries. Rohtas, in south of Sasaram, known to be the residence of Satyawadi Raja Harischandra. On the name of his son, Rohitashwa, the district is so called Rohtas. Sasaram is also famous for the Samrat Ashok pillar (1 of the 13 laghu shilalekh), situated in a small cave of Kaimur hill, near Chandan Shaheed. Languages spoken in this region are Bhojpuri, Hindi, and Urdu; religions comprise of Islam, Buddhist, Jain, and Hindu. Haji Begum, who fought against British in 1857, belongs to muhalla pathantoli Sasaram is alone woman in Bihar known as Jhansi ki rani of Bihar. She was a land lady at Sasaram having 52 villages near the town. Her family members still live at muhalla pathan toli of Sasaram. The sword of Haji Begum is protected at the house of Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan muhalla pathan toli Sasaram.The other notable family is of famous lawyer of his time Hazakat Hussain khan and Sadaqat Hussain Khan.One of the sons of Sadaqat Hussain khan is Shaukat Hussain Khan popularly known as Doolha Sasarami.He is a famous Hasya Kavi.The famliy is said to be belonged to Sher Shah Suri clan and is highly educated and reputed family. Babu Nishan Singh who was the chief of Babu Kunwar Singh's army to fight with Britishers during the 1857 GADAR (freedom struggle), also belonged to this place. Sasaram is also famous for Samadhi of Shree Shree 108 Swami Paramgayanand Puri Ji Maharaj. It is situated in Parampuri (raipurchoure) 7.5 miles (12 km) from Sasaram. People come from all over the world. The ashram also known as Navlakha Ashram. Jainath Bhawan(House of Verma Family): Jainath Bhawan, is a grand mansion built by late Babu Harihar Prasad Verma & his wife Uma Devi Verma in the year 1945 at Sasaram.The name of the mansion is named after Babu Jainath Prasad, an eminent lawyer of his time.He was a Zamindar and first lawyer to practice in english.Babu Harihar Prasad verma was an eminent citizen and worked as Honorary Magistrate at Sasaram, all his life. The family is still very much attached with their ancestral village at Meyari Bazar undertaking the farming in modern ways.A Secondary School which was established by Late Uma Devi Verma, named Harihar Uma Madhyamik Vidyalaya still runs at Meyari Bazar, now taken over by the government. Members of the Verma family are spread all around the globe,excelling in their respective field of work and are flourishing with their traditional family values.

Geography Sasaram is located at 2457N 8402E / 24.95N 84.03E / 24.95; 84.03.[1] It has an average elevation of 101 metres (331 feet). Sasaram is also famous for Samadhi of Shree Shree 108 Swami Paramgayanand Puri Ji Maharaj. sasaram is the oldest city in india. Connectivity and transportation Sasaram is well connected both by Road and Railways by major metros like New Delhi and Kolkata. Sasaram has a Railway station (junction) which is located in the centre of the city on the Grand Truck Road. The railway route through Sasaram is the Grand Chord line of the Indian Railways, connecting Calcutta and New Delhi, which has three railway tracks running in parallel (first in India) Patna Sasaram station is about 100 km (2.5 hours) from Varanasi & 100 km from BodhGaya, the most sacred place for Buddhism. One can catch trains from sasaram to 3 main cities of India Kolkata, New Delhi, and Bombay. One can get a train from New Delhi as well as Kolkata. Some of the trains which stop in Sasaram are Kalka mail, Purushottam Exp, Mahabodhi Exp, Kolkata Mail, Jodhpur Exp, Chambal Exp etc. The main mode of local transportation (inside Sasaram district) are buses operated by both private operators and the state government. The private buses are more frequent and connect to most of the local bazaars. It is one of the best Transport service provider. Some remote areas still have horse carts and bullock carts as mode of transportation. Still around 40% of villages in Sasaram district are yet to see a macadamized. Education Bihar has among the lowest rates of literacy in India Literacy in India#Bihar literacy challenges, and Sasaram shares this trend. Due to the lack of sources of employment, students of higher education often choose to migrate to other cities in search of employment. Key educational institutions in Sasaram: * Medical Colleges, Narayan Medical College & Hospital (NMCH) NMCH is situated on the G.T. Road, 9 KM east from Sasaram near Village 'Jamuhar'. * Colleges: Sasaram serves as local education hub for students from in and around area of Sasaram. There are 4 government colleges (Sri Shankar Mahavidyala, S P Jain College, Shershah College and one women only colleges "Rohtas Mahila MahaVidhyalaya". The district does not have a single university and most of the students prefer to go to another more developed cities like Patna and Varanasi for higher education. * High School: Sri Shankar Rajakiya Inter College, Town High school, Rama Rani Jain High School (Women) * Convent Schools: Lack of quality education in the government run schools lead to opening of many private schools in the city. There are more than 50 private schools for primary and secondary education. Some of the famous school of Sasaram are Ishwar chandra Vidyasagar Academy (Rauza Road), Rajendra Vidyalaya,maa sharde siksha mandir karan sarai. DAV Public School Sasaram (link DAV Sasaram), Bal Vikas Vidyalaya, St. Paul's

school,Bal Bharati(civil Lines), St. Xavier, Bright Career Academy, Pragya Niketan Public School, Saint Michael's academy,etc. Sasaram HVDC back-to-back station At Sasaram, there is at 2456'31"N 8358'17"E (may be wrong facility) a 500 MW back-toback HVDC station for interconnecting the power grids of North and East India together. This facility was inaugurated in 2002 and successfully built by AREVA [1]. At the moment, Powergrid Corporation of India is planning to relocate the scheme to Kolhapur, more than 1,500 away from Sasaram, a 'first of its kind' project that has never been done in the past. Wiki letter w cropped.svg This section requires expansion. IT and e-Governance The eKiosk (Sahaj Vasudha Kendra, Jamuhar) i.e. CSC The First Comman Service Centre (eKiosk) of Rohtas District named SAHAJ Vasudha Kendra, Jamuhar is inaugurated in Jamuhar Village on 15 August 2008. The Information technology revolution will come to village through Vasudha Kendra. The V.L.E., Sahaj Vasudha Kendra, Mr. Kundan Singh Shakrawaria introduce villagers and young boys & girls to how they use the centre for their development and needful. The CSC is ready to help in egovernance facility to Bihar & Central Government. The centre is waiting to start Block information Centre, e-district plan and SWAN, which is in progress. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Sasaram had a population of 131,042 males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Sasaram has an average literacy rate of 65%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 72%, and female literacy is 58%. In Sasaram, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age. Economy The closure of the industries of dalmia group at dalmianagar resulted in widespread unemployment. Sasaram's economy is mainly driven by agriculture and related industries like rice polishing. Because of the fertile land around the town it acts like a local trading center for food grains, agricultural products, agricultural equipments etc.This region is also known as Dhan Ka Katora (a bowl of food grains). The rice collected through the open market in sasaram is sold in the markets of Kolkata and New Delhi. There are not many industries except for rock mining. There are many stone industries near, Jamuhar, Karwandia, Tlab and some other places near Sasaram. There is a scope for improvement in the stone industry by proper handling and getting rid of local corruption and undesirable elements . Tilouthu Tilothu is a little town in Rohtas district, Bihar, India, 15 km from Dehri-on-Sone. This city has got its name from Lord Tileshwarnath, a form of Lord Shiva. It was ruled over by Raja Shahmal before independence whose fort still refresh the reminiscences of its owner. Geographical Location Kaimur pahari stands erect in the west of the city whereas river Sone blesses the farmers with its water in the east.

It may be developed as a tourist place. There is a very charming & worthwatching waterfall located at the far ends of this small city. It has also got religious importance i.e. one of Maa Shakti's forms in form of a cave is located alongside the waterfall. The waterfall is a hot spot of picnic for people from the near villages. The negligence attitude and the fear of naxalites hinders the required exposure to this place. Tilothu cattle fair is considered to be the largest cattle fair in the state. This town is well connected by road to an important junction Dehrion-Sone.For primary education, a lot of government supported and private schools are there, where you can get education in Hindi medium as well as English medium. A few of the famous schools are Sarswati Shishu Mandir,Amaltas Niketan and Tilouthu High School etc. For higher education, there are one undergrads colleges: Radha Shanta College. Nearest village Babuganj, Saraiya, Mirasarai, Maharajganj, etc. This city is very popular among near by villages as a place of worship of Lord Shiva. Nalanda district Nalanda district is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar state, India, and Bihar Sharif town is the administrative headquarters of this district. Nalanda district is a part of Patna Division. Headquarters: Bihar Sharif Area: 2,367 km? Population: Total: 1997995 Rural: 1701777 Urban: 296218 Sub Divisions: Bihar Sharif, Rajgir, Hilsa Blocks: Giriyak, Rahui, Noorsarai, Harnaut, Chandi (Nalanda), Islampur (Nalanda), Rajgir, Asthawan, Sarmera, Hilsa, Biharsharif, Ekangarsarai, Bena, Nagarnausa, Karai Parsarai, Silao, Parwalpur, Katrisarai, Bind, Tharthari Agriculture: Rich Paddy Fields, Potato, Onion. Industry: Handloom weaving Rivers: Phalgu, Mohane Villages: Akabarpur(Asthawan,12KM from B'sharif),chhoti att,Pojh, Karai Parsarai, Kanchanpur, Gulni,kewai,jiar, Mafi, Belchi, Paltpura,Momindpur, Begumpur neay by Nalanda University, Bangpur, Dariyapur (Khirauti),Nonaura(one KM from Noorsarai,located in Hilsa Road),Ajaypur (Near Mahadev sthan) Block Noorsarai,BARAI(near islampur railway station kurtha(hilsa)sathopur, khojakipur, Pojh, Chero, Parnama (Near sarmera),paithna(near about bihar sarif),Palatpur,Bhagvanpur(Ishlampur),Mohaddipur(Bind)Sonchari,Lalsibigha (Near Mahadeo Sthan Hilsa), Sundi-Bigha, Peshaur etc.Saunray is also a village about 5 km west fron Nalanda town. Bihar Sharif Bihar Sharif (Hindi: , Urdu: ) is the district headquarters of Nalanda district in the state of Bihar in eastern India. Contents * 1 History * 2 Geography * 3 Economy

* 4 Banks o 4.1 Public Sector Banks o 4.2 Private Sector Banks o 4.3 Regional Rural Bank o 4.4 ATMs * 5 Brokerage Houses * 6 Insurance Companies * 7 Institutions o 7.1 Colleges o 7.2 Schools * 8 Cinema Halls * 9 Demographics * 10 Transportation History Biharsharif has the credit to impart the budhism in tibet. The ancient Odantpuri University was located here. The odantpuri university was the third important learning seat of budhism. This university was also a excellent learning centre of Budhism, Hinduism and Philosphy. Bihar Sharif was once the capital of the Delhi Sultanate Governors of Bihar between 13th and 16th centuries, when the city was an active cultural center and an important seat of Islamic thought and learning. The word Bihar may have come from the large number of viharas thus employed in the area that later became Bihar. Originally Bihar was name of the town, which was headquarters of the rulers in the Magadha region in the medieval period. Later on the headquarters was shifted from Bihar to Patana (current Patna) by Sher Shah Suri and the whole Magadha region was called Bihar. It lies east of the Paimar River, a tributary of the Ganges. It served as the capital of the Pala dynasty (10th century AD) and contains a 5th century AD Gupta pillar . Nearby lie the remains of Odantapuri (q.v.), a great vihara, or college of Buddhist learning, from which the name Bihar was derived. Geography It is located 62 km from Patna, the capital of Bihar state. It is 13 km from the ruins at Nalanda and well connected with Patna via train and buses. Also, It is well connected with Kolkata, Ranchi and Delhi. There is a small town located on the top of a craggy rock. The old center of the town has examples of medieval Islamic architecture, such as the Bukhari Mosque. Thousands of pilgrims of all religions visit the tombs of Makhdoom Sheikh Sharfuddin Yahya Maneri, a Muslim saint of 14th century, and the Syed Ibrahim Malick Biya. Economy Agriculture is the prime activity as it is an ideal place for agriculture-based industry. Tourism activities in nearby places like Nalanda, Rajgir and Pawapuri boost economy of this town very much. This town supplies agricultural products like cauliflower, potato, mustard

seed and other vegetables to neighboring states. Although economy is mainly based on agriculture products, footwear and garments are also manufactured at household industries. Banks Public Sector Banks * Allahabad Bank * AXIS Bank * Bank of Baroda * Bank of India (2 Branches) * Canara Bank * Central Bank of India * Corporation Bank * IDBI Bank * Oriental Bank of Commerce * Punjab National Bank * State Bank of India (4 Branches) * Syndicate Bank * Union Bank of India * United Bank of India Private Sector Banks * Axis Bank * ICICI Bank * HDFC Bank Regional Rural Bank * Madhya Bihar Gramin Bank [Non Functional] * Nalanda Co-Operative Bank [Not Functional] ATMs * SBI Bazar Branch ATM * SBI Hospital More ATM * SBI Kachchari Road Branch ATM * SBI Railway Station ATM * Canara Bank Branch ATM,Khandakpar * Bank of India ATM, Bharaopar * Punjab National Bank ATM, MG Road * ICICI Bank Branch ATM Ranchi Road * IDBI Bank Branch ATM, Maghra market, Bharopar * Axis Bank Branch ATM,Ranchi Road,Opp. Govt. Bus Stand * Axis Bank ATM,Etwari Bazar,Mogul Kuan Brokerage Houses * Angel Broking Ltd. - Ramchandrapur * ICICI Direct.com - Ramchandrapur * Religare Broking - Nai Sarai

* HDFC Securities - Bharaopar Insurance Companies * Bajaj Allianz * LIC * Oriental Insurance * National Insurance * New India Assurance * United Assurance * SBI Life * TATA AIG Institutions Colleges * Alama Iqbal College * Nalanda College http://nalandacollegebiharsharif.com/ * Kisan College * Sardar Patel Memorial College * Soghra College * Nalanda Mahila College * Paru Mahto College * KST College http://kstcollege.com Schools Government Schools * Adarsh High School * Government Girls High Schhol * Soghra High school * Nalanda Collegiate * National High School, Shaikhana * National High School, Bari Pahari * Patel High School * Town High School Private Schools * DAV Public School * RPS School * Eden Garden School * Rosemaryland School Cinema Halls * Ajanta * Kisan * Kumar * Naaz * Vandana

Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[1], Bihar had a population of 231,972. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Bihar has an average literacy rate of 60%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 67% and female literacy of 52%. Some 16% of the population is under 6 years of age. Transportation The town is well connected by railway to all the major cities e.g. Delhi (Shramjeevi Express, 2392) (Magadh Express, 2401), Patna (Many local and express trains are available at regular interval) to Kolkata, Kanpur, Lucknow, Allahabad and Varanasi. This town is also well connected by road to major cities like Patna, Rajgir, Ranchi, Dhanbad, Kolkata, Gaya, Hazaribag and Jahanabad. Also, buses for these cities are available at regular interval. Hilsa Hilsa (Hindi: , Urdu: )is a sub-division of district Nalanda, the famous Buddhist knowledge center. It is situated at about 45 km south-east of patna. The place has produced many freedom fighters and was an important hub during freedom struggle. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 History * 3 Demographics * 4 Economy * 5 Education o 5.1 Colleges o 5.2 Schools * 6 Places of interest * 7 Leaders and Famous person * 8 Festivals * 9 Connectivity Geography Hilsa is located at 2519N 8517E / 25.32N 85.28E / 25.32; 85.28.[1] It has an average elevation of 45 metres (147 feet). History It is said that in ancient time i.e. Mahabharat Kaal when Krishna with his brother Balarama came here during the Journey. He felt thirst. Then Balarama dug a source in the ground for water. That place is known as "Pakki Taalab" i.e. is situated at nearby Kaali Asthan. The "Pakki Taalab" is now encroached with illegal constructions. This pond had plenty of water hence the name Haldharpur (Hilsa). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Hilsa had a population of 37,748. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Hilsa has an average literacy rage of 59.5%: male literacy is 66%, and female literacy is 46%. In Hilsa, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Economy Banks * State Bank of India * Allahabad Bank * Punjab National Bank * Nalanda co-operative Bank * Madhya Bihar Gramin Bank ATM * State Bank of India ATM Broking Firms * Angel Broking Ltd Education Colleges * S. U. College (Magadh University) * Mahanth College (Magadh University) * S. P. College (Magadh University) Schools * Ram Babu High School * Mai High School * D.A.V.high school * Adarsh Vidya Mandir Places of interest * Kali Mandir * Varun tal * Narmdeshwar sthan(Daroga kuan) * Surya Mandir * Old Temple of Shiva * green court campus Leaders and Famous person Ashutosh kumar manav Ram charitra prasad Dr. Uma devi Badrinarayan prasad Festivals The Hindu women celebrate Tij, Jitiya, Chhath etc. with great religious fervor. The important festivals of Hindus are Durga Puja, Diwali, Basant Panchami, Shivratri, Holi, Ramnavami and Janmashtami. The important festivals of the Mohammedans are Muharram, Sab-e-Barat, Ramzan, Id, Bakrid and Fatiha-duaz-Dahum. Chhath is the most sacred festival for the region. Importance of it can be seen as it defies all the barriers of religions. There is a old mosque which is said to be built by mughal emperor. Connectivity The place is served by a State Highway 4 and broad gauge rail route (incidentally till a decade ago it was a few places in India which had a functional narrow gauge railway).

Hilsa is directly connected to New Delhi by Magadh Express. It is also connected to Patna and Gaya / Ranchi by three other passenger trains named as 1) Patna Fatwah Islampur Passenger 2) Buxer Islampur Passenger 3) Islampur Rajendra Nagar Express 4) Islampur New Delhi Magadh Express . Distance from Patna is only 44 KM. Also it is directly connected to famous places like Gaya, Bodhgaya, Nalanda, Bihar Sharif, Rajgir and Jehanabad via road. Ekangarsarai Ekangarsarai is a town in Nalanda district of Bihar, India Contents * 1 Geography * 2 Location * 3 Economy Geography It is located at 25130N 85140E / 25.216667N 85.233333E / 25.216667; 85.233333 at an elevation of 55 m above MSL.[1] Location National Highway 110 passes through Ekangarsarai.[2] Nearest airport is Patna Airport. Economy Banks * Central Bank of India * Nalanda co-operative Bank * Madhya Bihar Gramin Bank Broking Firms * Angel Broking Ltd. M:9263121819 Islampur Islampur (Hindi: , Urdu: ) is a city and a notified area in Nalanda district in the Indian state of Bihar. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 Places of Interest * 3 Transport * 4 Demographics * 5 Economy * 6 School and College * 7 People of Islampur Geography Islampur is located at 2509N 8512E / 25.15N 85.2E / 25.15; 85.2[1]. It has an average elevation of 63 metres (206 feet).

Islampur is not a "City". Politically and demographically it is something between a town and a village which is called a Notified Area. Islampur has a Nagar Palika (Municipal Council). Islampur is also known as Islampur Nagar Panchayat. Places of Interest There are remains of a Garh (Hindi: ) (a Palace surrounded by houses for the staff of the landlord), other 200 year old buildings near a big Taalab (a clay and brick built pond) that says volumes about this places past history. It is situated between great places of ancient civilization particularly Hindu, Buddhist and Jain. Bodh Gaya, Nalanda, PaavaPuri and Raaj Ghrih (or Rajgir). Transport Islampur had Small gauge railway line since 1922s which recently has been converted into broad gauge line and is connected directly to the Delhi by Magadh Express.A new train Hatiya-patna-Islampur intercity 3252 (down) express is also running. Currently 2 express and 1 fast passenger and 2 trip of DMU trains are running on this line. With the advent of the Buddhist Circuit roads in Islampur are set to develop further. There are two ancient settlements, Bauli Baugh and Pakki Talao, nearby housing many antiquities of note. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[2], Islampur had a population of 29,855. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Islampur has an average literacy rate of 54%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 62%, and female literacy is 46%. In Islampur, 19% of the population is under 6 years of age. Islampur is known as a place where all the different communities live harmoniously. With economic growth the new businesses are setting up in the area. Vehicle dealerships have opened and a four lane highway under construction connecting to Rajgir. Economy Banks * State Bank of India * Nalanda co-operative Bank * Madhya Bihar Gramin Bank * Allahabad Bank * Sahara Bank School and College Islampur has a number of schools and a college. * Darsgah islami islampur * Snatak College,Islampur * G.M.K High School * Subhash High school * Saint Joseph High School * Rajkiya Madhya Vidyalaya (middle school) <>government school * Girl school (OPP-islampur police station) <> government school

* Koranwa Girl High School <> government school * Vishnupur High School[10+2],po-Ranipur <>government school * Gyanodaya Residential school People of Islampur People are deeply rooted in tradition. Families are generally compound. Many people of Islampur have emigrated for better opportunities to near by cities and national capital. Here festivals are instrumental in providing a great time for family and friend reunions. Durga Puja is the major festival being celebrated here for so many years and a committee is taking full care for organising the 'mela' on occassin of Durga Puja. Pawapuri Pawapuri (Hindi: , Urdu: ) is a holy site for Jains located in the Nalanda district in the Bihar state of Eastern India. Its located about 38 kilometers from Rajgir and 101 kilometers from Patna, the capital of Bihar.[1] Contents * 1 History * 2 Economy * 3 Transport History Replica of Pavapuri temple at Pansara. Mahavira attained Nirvana at Pava. During ancient times about 2600 year ago, Pawapuri was one of twin capital of Mall Mahajanpad which later became the part of Magadha Kingdom and was called "Madyama Pawa" or "Apawapuri", Ajatshatru, who was one of the greatest disciples of Lord Mahavira was the King of Magadh during the lifetime of Mahavir. During the reign of Ajatshatru, Hastipal was the King of Pawapuri. When Lord Mahavira came to Pawapuri he stayed in King Hastipal's "Rajikshala".[2] Around 500 BC, Lord Mahavira, the last of the 24 Tirthankaras achieved Moksha or Nirvana. He was cremated at Pawapuri, also known as Apapuri (the sinless town). There was a great rush to collect his ashes, with the result that so much soil was removed from the place of his cremation that a pond was created.[3] Now, an exquisite marble temple in the middle of a lotus pond, the Jalmandir, stands magnificently on a rectangular island. Another Jain temple, called Samosharan is located here, where the Lord Mahavira delivered his last teaching.[3] Economy Banks * Punjab National Bank * Nalanda co-operative Bank * Madhya Bihar Gramin Bank Transport Bihar State Tourism Development Corporation (Bihar Tourism) provides travel facility from state capital Patna to visit Buddhism circuit, Jain Circuit(Rajgir, Pawapuri) and Sikh Circuit in Bihar. Also, Corporation owns hotels and circuit house at respective tourist places.

Rajgir Rajgir (Hindi: , Urdu: ) is a city and a notified area in Nalanda district in the Indian state of Bihar. The city of Rajgir (ancient Rjagha; Pali: Rjagaha) was the first capital of the kingdom of Magadha, a state that would eventually evolve into the Mauryan Empire. Its date of origin is unknown, although ceramics dating to about 1000 BC have been found in the city. View of Rajgir hills from Jarasandha's Akhara Rajgir is connected to Patna via Bakhtiarpur by rail and road. Bakhtiarpur lies midway between Patna and Mokameh. Road access is byNH 30A to Bakhtiarpur and NH 31 towards south to reach Bihar Sharif. From Mokameh NH 31 to Bihar Sharif. From there, NH 82 will leads to Rajgir. Rajgir is around 100 KM from both Patna and Mokameh. It is located in a green valley surrounded by rocky hills. Indian Railways run trains directly from Rajgir to New Delhi, Shramjeevi Express. Contents * 1 History * 2 Geography and climate * 3 Tourism * 4 Demographics * 5 Economy * 6 Transportation and Hotels * 7 Picture gallery History Ancient Indian (Bharata) cities and Places(Title and location names are in English.) The name Rajgir might come from Sanskrit Rjagha 'house of the king' or "royal house", or the word rajgir might have its origian in its plain literal meaning, "royal mountain". It was the ancient capital city of the Magadha kings until the 5th century BC when Ajatashatru moved the capital to Pataliputra. In those days, it was called Rajgrih, which translates as 'the home of Royalty'. The epic Mahabharata calls it Girivraja and recounts the story of its king, Jarasandha, and his battle with the Pandava brothers and their allies Krishna. Jarasandha who hailed from this place had been defeated by Krishna 17 times. The 18th time Krishna left the battlefield without fighting.[1] Because of this Krishna is also called 'ranacora' (one who has left the battlefield)[1]. Mahabharata recounts a wrestling match between Bhima, one of the pandavas, and Jarasandha, the then king of Rajgir. Jarasandha was invincible as his body could rejoin any dismembered limbs. According to the legend, Bhim split Jarasandha into two and threw the two halves facing opposite to each other so that they could not join. There is a famous Jarasandha's Akhara(place where martial arts are practiced). It is also mentioned in Buddhist and Jain scriptures, which give a series of place-names, but without geographical context. The attempt to locate these places is based largely on reference to them and to other locations in the works of Chinese Buddhist pilgrims, particularly Faxian and Xuanzang. It is on the basis of Xuanzang in particular that the site is divided into Old

and New Rajgir. The former lies within a valley and is surrounded by low-lying hills. It is defined by an earthen embankment (the Inner Fortification), with which is associated the Outer Fortification, a complex of cyclopean walls that runs (with large breaks) along the crest of the hills. New Rajgir is defined by another, larger, embankment outside the northern entrance of the valley and next to the modern town. It is sacred to the memory of the founders of both the religions: Buddhism and Jainism and associated with both the historical Buddha and Mahavira. It was here that Gautama Buddha spent several months meditating, and preaching at Griddhkuta, ('Hill of the Vultures'). He also delivered some of his famous sermons and converted King Bimbisara of Magadha and countless others to his religion.On one of the hills is the Saptparni cave where the First Buddhist Council was held under the leadership of Maha Kassapa. Lord Mahavira spent fourteen years of his life at Rajgir and Nalanda, spending chaturmas (i.e. 4 months of the rainy season) at a single place in Rajgir (Rajgruhi) and the rest in the places in the vicinity. It was the capital of his favourite shishya (follower) king Shrenik. Thus Rajgir is a very important religious place for Jains also. Rajgir is also famous for its association with Haryanka Kings Bimbisara and Ajatashatru. Ajatashatru kept his father Bimbsara in captivitiy here. The sources do not agree which of the Buddha's royal contemporaries, Bimbisara and Ajatashatru, was responsible for its construction. Ajatashatru is also credited with moving the capital to Pataliputra (modern Patna). Geography and climate The city was in a valley surrounded by seven hills: Vaibhara, Ratna, Saila, Sona, Udaya, Chhatha, and Vipula. Rajgir has also developed as a health and winter resort due to its warm water ponds. These baths are said to contain some medicinal properties that help in the cure of many skin diseases. The Saptparni cave is also the source of the Rajgir Hot Water Springs that have curative properties and are sacred to the Hindus, Buddhists and Jains. Another attraction of the region is the ropeway that leads uphill to the Vishwa Shanti Stupa (Peace Pagoda) and monasteries built by Japanese devotees of the Buddha on top of the Ratnagiri Hills. Temperature: maximum 40 C, minimum 20 C. Winter: maximum 28 C, minimum 6 C Rainfall: 1,860 mm (mid-June to mid-September) Dry/warm season: October to Marc Tourism Vishwa Shanti Stupa at Rajgir, one of the 80 Peace Pagodas around the world. Hindu Devotees bathing in the Brahmakund Rajgir is famous for its hot water springs, locally known as Brahmakund, a sacred place for Hindus. Another major attraction is the peace pagoda, Vishwa Shanti Stupa, built in 1969, one of the 80 peace pagodas in the world, to spread the message of peace and non-violence. The rope-way that leads to it is another attraction. The Japanese temple is beside the Venu Vana. Venu Vana is an artificial forest, where one can enjoy Eternal peace, and meditate. Bamboo Grove in Venu Vana.

Historically, Rajgir has been a very important place, as capital to many empires. Main tourist attractions are the Bimbisar's Jail, the Ajatshatru's Fort, and the Jarasandh's Akhara. Demographics As of 2001 India census,[2] Rajgir had a population of 33,691. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Rajgir has an average literacy rate of 52%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 61%, and female literacy is 41%. In Rajgir, 19% of the population is under 6 years of age. Economy Banks * State Bank of India * Central Bank of India * Nalanda co-operative Bank * Madhya Bihar Gramin Bank Broking Firms * Angel Broking Ltd. M:9263121819 Transportation and Hotels Bihar State Tourism Development Corporation (Bihar Tourism) provides travel facility from state capital Patna to visit Bodh circuit (Bodhgaya, Rajgir, Nalanda, Vaishali, Kesaria, Lumbini, Kushinagar, Sarnath), Jain Circuit (Rajgir, Pawapuri) and Sikh Circuit in Bihar. Also, Corporation owns hotels and circuit house at respective tourist places. These hotels are available for tourist at very reasonable price. Silao Silao (Hindi: , Urdu: )is a city and a notified area in Nalanda district in the Indian state of Bihar. It is known for the excellent Khaja made by its Halwais. It is also the head quarters of a Block, a small administrative unit, by the same name. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 Demographics * 3 Economy * 4 Famous Village * 5 Famous Leader Geography Silao is located at 2505N 8525E / 25.08 N 85.42E / 25.08; 85.42.[1] It has an average elevation of 60 metres (196 feet). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Silao had a population of 20,177. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Silao has an average literacy rate of 52%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 60%, and female literacy is 43%. In Silao, 19% of the population is under 6 years of age. Economy Banks

* Allahabad Bank * Madhya Bihar Gramin Bank Famous Village Silao It is famous local market of surrounding villages Famous Leader Shri Vijay Kumar Singh, Son of Famous Freedom Fighter late "Shri Lakhpat Singh". Mukesh kumar is a famous Social Worker of silao & surrounding villages ,He is also a active worker of Junta Dal (united) party Harnaut Harnaut is a town in Nalanda district of Bihar, India. Native village of Bihar cm Mr. Nitish Kumar is 3 km north-east of it. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 Economy * 3 Location * 4 Harnaut rail coach factory Geography It is located at 25220N 85320E / 25.366667N 85.533333E / 25.366667; 85.533333 at an elevation of 43 m above MSL.[1] Harnaut is one of the most prominent block of Nalanda district.It is gate city of Nalanda.Present Bihar Chief minister Mr. Nitish Kumar has been elected many times as MLA from Harnaut legislative assembly seat.His native village Kalyan Bigha is 4 km north-west of Haranut.River muhane passes 1km west of the city. At present this city do not have municipality, but it is under Sabnahua panchayat. People of city are demanding to make it a subdivision. Population of city is nearly around 25,000. This Small and beautiful city is divided into the three parts : Harnaut Beech Bazar, Gonawa Road and Dakwanglaw Road (Now known as Station road). Administrative offices are in Dakbanglow Road. Harnaut Beech Bazar and Gonawa Road is the commercial area of Harnaut. This beautiful city is having more than 35 private schools and six govt. schools. Economy Banks * Central Bank of India * State Bank of India * Madhya Bihar Gramin Bank * Nalanda Co-operative Bank Location National Highway 30A passes through Harnaut. Nearest airport is Patna Airport.National highway 31 also passes through the city. Harnaut rail coach factory A rail coach factory is being constructed near Harnaut railway station.It is about to complete by 2010 Chandi

Chandi is a small town in Nalanda, Bihar, India.[1][2] The town's name comes from that of the goddess Chandi Devi, to whom there is a dedicated temple in the town. It has seen a rapid development in these 5 years{2005-2010}. Before 5 years there was very bad road but now it has one of the best road in Bihar. Now{{2010} it also has water supply by government which has started for the first time. Nowadays it has electricity for 21 hours as compared to 8 hours electricity supply before 4 years. These all are due to Bihar's Chief Minister Nitish Kumarji. Government has established Nalanda Engineering College. Here few computer classes had been also established which are always full during running session. The main schools here Gyanodya school, Brightland School,Bapu High School Chandi etc. It has powerhouse from where electricity is supplied to 1/3 of Nalanda. Chandi is also a good place for farming. Potato, vegetables, rice, wheat and mango are main crops grown here.[3] Economy Banks * Punjab National Bank * Madhya Bihar Gramin Bank Broking Firms * Angel Broking Ltd. Flora and fauna The crops grown here vary from place to place. Lychee is also grown here. The soil is very much suitable for farming. Mango is also produced here in larger amount.Ashoka Araria district Araria district is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar state, India, and Araria town is the administrative headquarters of this district. Araria district is a part of Purnia division. The district occupies an area of 2830 km. Phanishwar Nath 'Renu', legendary novelist and story writer, belonged to Araria. Contents * 1 Origin of name * 2 History * 3 Geography * 4 Economy o 4.1 Agriculture o 4.2 Industry * 5 Divisions * 6 Demography Origin of name During the British period, the area where one Mr. Forbes's Bungalow was located was called "Residential Area", which people called as R. Area. Over a period of time, R. Area acquired the pronunciation Arariya. History

The territory of the present-day district became Araria sub-division of the erstwhile Purnia district in 1964. Araria district was formed in January 1990 as one of the administrative districts of under Purnia Division. Geography The major rivers of this district are Kosi, Suwara, Kali and Koli. Economy Agriculture Main agricultural produces of this district are Paddy, Maize and Jute. Industry This district has a number of Jute mills. Divisions Araria district is divided into two sub-divisions: Araria and Forbesganj. Araria sub-division comprises 4 blocks: Araria, Kursakanta, Siktti and Raniganj. Frobesganj sub-division comprises 5 blocks: Jokihat, Palasi, Forbesganj, Bhargama and Narpatganj. Thers are six Vidhan Sabha constituencies in this district: Narpatganj, Raniganj, Forbesganj, Araria, Jokihat and Sikti. All of these are part of Araria Lok Sabha constituency. Demography The district has a population of 2,158,608 (male 1,128,105, female 1,030,503) and the literacy rate is 34.85% (male 46.50%, female 22.14%) (2001 census). Hindus 1,263,766, Muslims 887,972 (41.13%). Araria Araria is a town and a municipality that is headquarters of Araria district in the state of Bihar, India. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 Description * 3 Arts and Business * 4 Demographics * 5 Places of religious interest * 6 Cuisine Geography Araria is located at 2609N 8731E / 26.15N 87.52E / 26.15; 87.52[1]. It has an average elevation of 47 metres (154 feet). Araria is situated at the northern part of Purnia and Madhepura in Bihar. Borders of Araria are surrounded by Nepal in northern side, Kishanganj in eastern side and Supaul at south-west side. The district came into existence by division of Purnia district on Makar Sankranti day of 1990. District border is adjacent to border of Nepal, so the district is important in terms of security. Jogbani is the last point of Araria and after that Morang district of Nepal starts. Description Araria has rail, bus and road connections. NH 57 runs through the district. Health and medical facilities are sparse in this area; residents go to Purnea for treatment.

Araria has approximately equal numbers of Hindus and Muslims. Arts and Business The Hindi language writer Phanishwar Nath 'Renu' was born in this district at Aurahi Hingna village where his family still lives. At present a magazine Parti Palar (Editor:Namita Singh) is published there. The movie Teesri Kasam was shot in villages of Araria. It was Basu Bhattacharya's film, based on Mare Gaye Gulfam written by Phanishwar Nath 'Renu', starring Raj Kapoor and Waheeda Rehman. The chairman of Sahara Group, Subrata Roy was born in Ashram muhhalla of the town. Magician Salil Kumar Kundu who bills himself as Solyl Kundu, was born in Araria. He studied and passed from Araria Higher Secondary School. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Araria had a population of 60,594. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Araria has an average literacy rate of 50%, lower than the national average of 59.5%; with 62% of the males and 38% of females literate. 18% of the population is under 6 years of age. Places of religious interest 1. Araria has a well known temple of "Mata Kali", known as the Kali Mandir. This temple is reputed to be the largest temple dedicated to Maa Kali in Asia. 2.Araria has also a famous temple of Lord SHIVA situated at Madanpur. 3. A village north west of Araria known as Shahbazpur has a Shakti temple known as the Chhinmastika temple. It is said that the temple contains body parts of the goddess Shakti which fell when Lord Shiva carried her burnt body. There is also a religious place called Lathijawar Than. 4. A big mosque in center of town attended by Muslim communities of nearby region. Cuisine Being close to Nepal and Bengal, the town combines cuisines from various regions. Fish curries to Chinese - Nepali dishes along with traditional Bihar specials such as Litti-Chokha. Forbesganj Forbesganj ( ) is a city and a municipality in Araria district in the state of Bihar, India. Situated at the border of Nepal & India, the city is an important economic location in the region. One of the biggest business places among the neighboring cities. The infrastructure development here has taken a surge in recent times. With Broad Gauge railway services started on Katihar-Jogbani route & construction of NH-57, the place is going to be benefited big time. Contents * 1 Overview * 2 Geography * 3 Demographics * 4 Economics * 5 Schools * 6 Colleges

Overview The city has a railway station with Broad Gauge & Meter Gauge tracks both. Railway services are available for Katihar(5 Passenger trains daily), Delhi(2487 Jogbani-Delhi Seemanchal Exp., 7 Days in week), Kolkata (3160 Jogbani-Kolkata Exp,3 Days in week),& Saharsa (2 Express & 2 Passenger trains Daily, Meter Gauge). Trains for almost all big locations in India can be boarded from Katihar (98 km from Forbesganj). Frequent bus services are available for Jogbani (Nepal Boarder), Araria (Dist Headquarters), Purnia (Commissionay Headquarters) & Katihar. Many night service luxury buses ply between Forbesganj & Patna (The state Capital). The city has an abandoned airport too which no longer functions. Two People of Forbesganj are well known, Fanishwar Nath Renu and Mr. Kumar Subrat. And the maximum population of Bihar speak Maithily, that is the main language of Forbesganj other than Hindi and English. Geography Forbesganj is located at 2618N 8715E / 26.3N 87.25E / 26.3; 87.25[1]. It has an average elevation of 46 metres (150 feet). Distance from the NEPAL border is only 12 km and the last part of India near Nepal is Jogbani in India. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[2], Forbesganj had a population of 41,982. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Forbesganj has an average literacy rate of 61%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 67%, and female literacy is 54%. In Forbesganj, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age. Forbesganj is the biggest sub division and city of Araria district. Economics Forbesganj, for a long,has been known for jute production. But the advent of fibres and mills closing down owing to non-profitability have made sure that jute industry dies a slow death. With broad-gauge conversion of railways under Unigauge and construction of 4 lane highway, the economic activities are set to benefit. Schools Central Model School(BATHANAHA) Mithila Public School Ebenezer Mission Modern Academy Shishu Bharati Modern Children Academy Saraswati Vidya Mandir +2 Colleges Lee Academy +2 College Forbesganj college Jogbani Jogbani is a town and a notified area in Araria district in the Indian state of Bihar.

The town is located between 26.42 North latitude and 87.25 East longitude at a height of 67 (219 feet) above mean sea level. Contents * 1 Transport * 2 See also Transport Jogbani is served by two railway lines One Broad Gauge line branches from the Patna to Katihar main line. The other line comes from Patna in the southeast directly. From this year ie 2008 there will be broad gauge between Jogbani and Katihar.[1] Two trains connect Jogbani to metros, namely Old Delhi(DLI)-Jogbani Seemanchal S.F Express and KolkataJogbani Express. See also * Railway stations in NepalJogbani is served by two railway lines One Broad Gauge line branches from the Patna to Katihar main line. The other line comes from Patna in the southeast directly. From this year ie 2008 there will be broad gauge between Jogbani and Katihar. Two trains connect Jogbani to metros, namely Old Delhi(DLI)-Jogbani Seemanchal S.F Express and Kolkata-Jogbani Express. Katihar district Katihar district is one of the thirty-seven districts of Bihar state, India, and Katihar town is the administrative headquarters of this district. The district is a part of Purnia Division. The district occupies an area of 3056 km and has a population of 2,389,533 (2001 census). This district was carved out on October 2, 1973 by separating Katihar sub-division of the erstwhile Purnia district. Population: Total: 1825380 Rural: 1653761 Urban: 171619 Agriculture: Rice, Wheat, Maize, Makhana, Banana, Jute Industry: Jute and Paper Mills Rivers: Mahananda, Ganges, Koshi, Righa Divisions The district comprises three sub-divisions: Katihar, Barsoi and Manihari. Katihar subdivision is further divided into 10 blocks: Katihar, Korha, Falka, Sameli, Barari, Kursela, Pranpur, Hasanganj, Dandkhora and Mansahi. Barsoi sub-division consists 4 blocks: Barsoi, Kadwa, Azamnagar and Balrampur. Manihari sub-division has 2 blocks: Manihari and Amdabad. Hasanganj being the largest block which was under the zamindari rule with accres of land under the possession of then Late Shri Jogendranarayan Roy Choudhury. The entire landmass with school, temple and market has been donated to the people from the predecessors who remain in Katihar now with little of the possession under the Paul Choudhury fame. Mansahi was also very active zamindari estate which was at par with Kursela and Falka. Katihar is a town situated in the north eastern part of Bihar state in India. It is headquarters of Katihar district.

Contents * 1 Geography * 2 Demography Geography Katihar is located at 2532N 8735E / 25.53N 87.58E / 25.53; 87.58.[1] It has an average elevation of 20 metres (65 feet). The main rivers of the district are Ganges (southern boundary, 25 kilometres from Katihar Town), Kosi (western boundary, 30 kilometres from Katihar Town) and Mahananda besides many small rivers like Kari Kosi (flowing by the side of Katihar town), Kamla etc. The Kosi (Sorrow of Bihar) merges with Ganges at the south-west boundary of Katihar District. This district shares a boundary with two states i.e. Jharkhand at the southern side and West Bengal at the eastern side. Bangladesh lies around 80 km east of Katihar town and Nepal lies around 100 km north of Katihar Town. Katihar is a famous Railway Junction with seven railway lines/routes. Demography As of 2001[update] India census[2], Katihar had a population of 2,392,638. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Total Literacy of Katihar District is 35.29% in which Male Literates are 45.51% and Female Literates are 24.03%. In comparison to India and Bihar Literacy Rate of Katihar is very poor. Sex Ratio of Katihar in per 1000 Male is 920 Female. In Katihar, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age. Barsoi Barsoi is head quarters of a subdivision in Katihar district in the state of Bihar. It is an important railway junction under Katihar division Northeast Frontier Railway zone of Indian Railways.[1] Barsoi Junction(IR Station Code: ) connects four routes as in the north Siliguri Junction on Meter Gauge and New Jalpaiguri Junction on Broad Gauge, on meter gauges Radhikapur near Bangladesh border on east and Katihar Junction on West and on south Kumedpur Junction, Malda junction and Howrah.[2] Kora Korha is a town with sub division office in Katihar district in the Indian state of Bihar. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 Transport * 3 History * 4 Culture and civilization * 5 Economy * 6 Communications * 7 Bank * 8 Education o 8.1 Colleges o 8.2 Schools

* 9 Places of worship o 9.1 Mandirs o 9.2 Maszids o 9.3 Gurudwara * 10 Places of interest Geography Kora is located at 2537N 8724E / 25.61N 87.40E / 25.61; 87.40. It has an average elevation of 24 metres (79 ft).[1] Transport Korha is on NH 31 and is the junction point for NH 81, and is well connected by double lane state highway from all the side.[2] History The history of Korha is as old as that of India. The area finds its place in the Mahabharata legend. It is said that during the period of Agyat vaas Pandavas spent its time in this area. It is also said that Lord Krishna has visited the area during Mahabharata period and had lost a mani in near by Manihari (earlier Maniharan). Raja Birat of Morang also visited the place. The place has been under rule of Anga, and Magadha kings during the time of Mahajanpadas. The area was ruled by the kings of Pal dynasties. With the advent of Muslim rule in the North India Ikhtiyar-ud-din Bakhtiyr Khilazi subjugated this area and subsequently this area remaimed under indirect Mughal rule. With the strengthening of British rule Katihar came under the cluthches of Maharazas, Zamindars and Nawabs who were British Indian Agents. Till the trifurcation of Bihar, Bengal and Orissa; Korha remained part of Bengal province and subsequently became part of Bihar Suba. With the passage of time British rule was challenged in India and Korha was in the forefront of the agitation. With the independence of India the people of Korha breathed free along with all the Indians. Korha is a subdivisional town of Katihar District . Culture and civilization The area was tossed between kings, Nawabs, zamindars from time to time and each rule has its impact on Korha. It was the main center of jute industry in Bihar which attracted workers from Mithilanchal area of Bihar, Purvanchal area of UP, Magadh region of Bihar and Bhojpuri speaking belt of Bihar and people from Nepal. The people from different region flocked to this town in search of job in jute factory, match factory and flour mills. Besides the original inhabitant of Kosi-Mahananda-Ganga Region the town witnessed an influx of permanent settlers from different region of Bihar and UP. Its proximity to Jharkhand brought many adivasis close to the town. The partition of India had its own impact on the set up of town. Many wealthy Muslims either migrated to West Pakistan or East Pakistan (now Bangla Desh). But majority of Muslims chose to remain where they were. Many Hindus who came during partition chose to settle at Korha. The migration of Hindus continued till formation of Bangla Desh. Government of India provided them with piece of land to settle now known as Ek(1) number and Do(2) number colonies ,along with them many Bengali Hindus who were already there

in Korha also settled in this place to mix with their own during that period of time. Many Bengali Hindus settled in the town wherever they found a place. These people who were once referred as refugees in their own land because of partition has contributed significantly to the culture of Korha.Government of India built a colony for the refugee from Burma near Purana Jute Mill, known as Burma Colony [Tingachhia]. Guru Teg Bahadur the ninth Guru of Sikh, while returning from Assam passed through this place and many local population embraced Sikhism. The famous village is Laksmipur near Karha Gola. There is a Gurudwara in the town also and there is a sizeable population of Sikhs in the town. There is a sizeable population of Marwari and Sindhi community who are the driving force behind the economy of Korha. Like whole of the East and North-East India they control the trading activity in Korha. In fact in remote villages of this District one may find a Marwari doing business. The Area itself was once the part of undivided Bengal Province and there are many original Bengali inhabitants in the villages and town. The people here speak, Hindi, Urdu, Angika, Maithili, Bhojpuri, Bengali, Marwari, Polia, Surjapuri etc. The Area has a mix of Hindu, Muslim, Christian, Sikh and Jain religion followers. Economy The major source of living is agriculture. There are few industries in near by the place: two jute mills and two flour mill. The jute mills known as Purana Mill and Naya Mill once shaped the characteristics of town. Of late there has been lock outs, re-opening of the mills but the jute industry is in bad shape. There are units which are producing agricultural equipments in tingachhiya. The rice industry is a flourishing business in this area. The industry here is mainly agro based. One of the agro-based industry to join the group is Makhana. The Makhana Phodi (the place where edible makhana is produced from raw makhana) is growing fast. The cloth market here dealing in cotton and sarees is very vibrant and caters to nearby districts and the bordering countries of Nepal and Bangladesh. There are also a couple of old cycle trading companies with huge turnover. Pharmaceuticals business is also pretty good with huge turnover. The main crops are paddy, jute, makhana, banana, wheat and pulses. The agriculture is the mainstay of this area but due to frequent floods, no proper irrigation facility and poor or no electric supply has hampered the rural area dependent upon agriculture. There is large scale migration of poor people to the various cities of India in search of job. Communications Nearby District town Katihar is a major railway station under North-East Frontier Railway. It is a very old station. In fact Katihar junction is a five (Eight if local lines taken together) line junction. 1st line goes to Barauni, 2nd line to Kolkata, 3rd line to Jogbani (Nepal border), 4th line to Guwahati, 5th line to Manihari. The other three local lines go to Purana Jute Mill, Naya Jute Mill and FCI. Katihar is also the headquarters of Katihar Railway Division. The major station under this division includes New Jalpaiguri, Siliguri, Darjeeling, Kishanganj etc. The world heritage Darjeeling Himalayan Railway falls under the jurisdiction of Katihar

Railway Division. One can find trains to Nepal and Bangladesh border from here. In fact pre independence this station was connected with present day Bangladesh. All the trains passing through Katihar stops here. One can get a direct train to most of the Indian cities from this station. The notable trains are Rajdhani Express, Capital Express, Avadh Assam Express, North-East Express, Dadar Express, Amprapali Express, Sikkim Mahananda Express, Amarnath Express, Hate Bazare Express, Bangalore Express etc. Due to lack of poor road network train communication is the only source of communication. The town fall on the national highway, NH-31 passes which passess through the area and . The road connectivity is good. Bus service also good to Purnea, Siliguri, Jogbani, Manihari, Bhagalpur , patna, Ranchi,etc. The nearest commercial airport is Bagdogra (160 km). There is an old time airstrip in nearby katihar town which is mostly used as a helipad. The place is known as Hawai Adda. Korha has a Telecom Sub divisional office. Private players also provide telecom services. The teledensity is high in rural areas as well as urban which reflects the economic development in the recent times of the rural area. Bank There are several Banks and there Branches in Katihar District, amongst them are State Bank of India. Central Bank of India, Indian Overseas Bank, Punjab National Bank, Bank of India, Union Bank, United Bank, Uttar Bihar Gramin Bank (Formerly Koshi Kshetriya Gramin Bank), District Central Co-Operative Bank Allahbad Bank Education There are many colleges and schools in the town. The notables are as follows Colleges * Women College, Korha College in nearby Katihar * R.D.S.College, Salmari (Co-founded by famous educationist,visionary Prof. Md. Ale Rasool in 1963) * Katihar Medical College and Hospital * M.M.Homoeopathic Medical and Hospital * Law College * K. B. Jha College * M.J.M.Mahila College * Sur Tulsi College * Sita Ram Chamariya College Schools * Salmari High School, Salmari * R K High School, Azamnagar * Girls Hihg School, Korha * Kanya Madhya Vidyalaya, Kumhari, * Mahinagar High school * Balia Belown High school * Middle School,Bharri,Kadwa

* Gandhi High School, * High school fulhara gorgama mansahi, * Simna Public School, Salmari * Jawaher Navodaya Vidyalaya, Kolasi * Girls High School, Falka * High School , Bareata * Primary school, Bareata * Mahinagar Middle School * Mahinagar Primary School * Gopinagar Middle School * Kurum Middle School * Girls Project High School,Barsoi * Barsoi High school,Barsoi * Karnal Academy Public School,Sirsa,Katihar * High School Marwari pathshala,Katihar Places of worship Mandirs * Durga Mandir,Barsoi Bazar * Shiv Mandir,Barsoi Bazar * Jain Mandir,Barsoi Bazar * Kali Mandir,Barsoi Sahapara East * Durga Mandir,Barsoi Rly. Station * Durga mandir in Korha * Durga mandir in Falka * Hanuman Mandir, Korha * Hanuman Mandir , Falka * Kali Mandir, Bareata * Shiv Manidir , Bareata * Thakur Bari , Bareata * Burha Baba Aasthan , Bareata * Mahabir Aasthan , Bareata * Shri Kartik & Ganesh Bhagwan Mandir,Gopinagar,Kadwa * Shri Maharaj Mandir,Benibari,Mahinagar Maszids * Madarassa, Falka * Madarassa, Korha Gurudwara * Gurudwara, Laxmipur Places of interest Bareta is situated 30 km West of Katihar and 12KM west of Korha. It is culturally a rich village. Place where Mahatma Ganghi visited and stayed during different movement during

the freedom struggle. Jawaharlal Nehru and many more prominent freedom fighter visited this place. Thus this place carries within itself the glorious past. Farming and business is the main source of living. People here have more economical senses and thus focus more on cash crop like Banana Plantation, Sun Flower Seed, Maize, etc.. Trading in all kind of stuffs like cloths, wheat, rice and others are primary. Though this village is a small one but it is quite very advanced. Literacy rate is also good, having high tech High School and other middle and primary schools. The business and farming in Bareta is being done by every section of the society. The place itself is worth visiting as it full of natural beauty and pleasant climate all around the year. In winter places are full with the migrant birds from around the globe. There are many spiritual places attached with the sentiments of the people. The nearest sub urban area is Falka which stations the block office and the police station. The area is connected to NH-31 and the nearest railway station is Katihar and Bagdogra being the nearest airport (190 km). But to maintain the current status of the area the government should focus on this area. With Nitish Kumar Ruling at Patna this place will surely gets all its due in very short period. And in near future this village will come out as model village of India Manihari Manihari is a town and a notified area in Katihar district in the Indian state of Bihar. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 Demographics * 3 Geography o 3.1 Manihari Ghat * 4 Education Geography Manihari is located at 2521N 8738E / 25.35N 87.63E / 25.35; 87.63[1]. It has an average elevation of 31 metres (101 feet). This place is well known for the Manihari ghat, which connects it to Sahibganj, which is also situated on the bank of the river Gangaes. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[2], Manihari had a population of 21,783. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Manihari has an average literacy rate of 44%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 52%, and female literacy is 35%. In Manihari, 19% of the population is under 6 years of age. Geography The town is located on the banks of the river Ganges where it meets the river Koshi, thus making the town prone to flooding every year. Manihari is a small border town between Bihar and Jharkhand. Sahebganj is the district town of Jharkhand which is 9 km from Manihari (Nautical mile distance), there is regular ferry service between Manihari and Sahibganj. Manihari is connected by railway link on metre gauge (MG). There are few local trains which run between Manihari and Katihar. Trains used to travel as far as

Tejnarayanpur, (the last station on the NF railway), but in 1999 Tejnarayanpur was completely flooded and the river Ganges flows there now. Manihari Ghat Before Farakka Barrage was constructed, people going to the Darjeeling Hills or North Bengal from Kolkata, used to travel by a Broad Gauge train to Sakrigali Ghat and then cross the Ganges by steamer. On the other side of the river at Manihari Ghat, they used to take a metre gauge train to Siliguri.[3]Once Farakka Barrage was constructed, this route became redundant. There still is a ferry service linking Manihari Ghat with Sahebganj. Education There are two high schools and few middle schools, and one private college. Kishanganj district Kishanganj district is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar state, India, and Kishanganj town is the administrative headquarters of this district. Kishanganj district is a part of Purnia division. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 History * 3 Demographics * 4 Literacy Geography Kishanganj district is surrounded by Araria district in the west, Purnia district in the southwest, Uttar Dinajpur district of West Bengal on the east, and Darjeeling district of West Bengal and Nepal on the north. A narrow strip of West Bengal, about 20 km wide separates it from Bangladesh.[2] Kishanganj district is located between 250 20 and 260 30 north latitudes, and 870 7 and 880 19 east longitudes. [3] Major rivers flowing through the district are Mahananda, Kankai, Mechi, Donk, Ratua and Ramzan Sudhani.[3] History Kishanganj district was formed on 14 January 1990.[3] During the Mughal period, the area was part of Nepal and was called Nepalgarh. When on the instructions of the Mughal emperor, Mohammed Reza captured the fort at Nepalgarh, the name was changed to Alamganj. It later became Kishanganj.[3] Demographics Kishnaganj district had a population of 12.94 lakhs in 2001. It registered a population growth of 30 per cent in the previous decade. A vast majority of the people live in the villages. A predominantly Muslim area, with Muslims forming about 70 per cent of the population, there also are Hindus Surajpuris and other backward castes predominating. There also are small Santal pockets.[4][5] Literacy

Kishanganj district had a literacy rate of 31.02 per cent in 2001, the lowest amongst all the districts of Bihar. The literacy rate of Bihar at 47.53 per cent is amongst the lowest in India, which has a literacy rate of 64.84 per cent. While the male literacy rate in Kishanganj district stood at 42.8 per cent, female literacy at 18.49 per cent was the lowest in India. Geography Kishanganj is located at 260446N 875614E / 26.0793100N 87.9373400E / 26.0793100; 87.9373400. Main rivers of this district is Mechi, Mahananda, Kankai.It is part of Bihar. It's one of the most sensitive districts of India, as the borders of this district are touching Bangladesh and Nepal in south-east and north and Uttar Dinajpur and Darjeeling district of West Bengal respectively. As per the statistics 62% of population is Muslim. The language of Kishanganj is SURJAPURI/Rajbongshi. It is a dialect of Bangla and native language of north Bengal. Kishagan is part of Terai region of Himalaya.Agri-business and handicrafts is the main occupation here.Kishanganj is known for production of high quality tea and jute.In 2009 total export of tea was more than 35 crores.Its the most peaceful area of India. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[1], Kishanganj had a population of 1294063[2]. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Kishanganj has an average literacy rate of 32%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 60%, and female literacy is 28%. In Kishanganj, 18% of the population is under 6 years of age.It is the place from where northeast part of India starts.north eastern feature and lang starts here Educational institutions There are many small and big institutions, but some of the well-known institutions are as follows: * Saraswati Vidya Mandir, Motibag, Kishanganj * G.B.M. School, Dey Market, Kishanganj * Madarsa Anjuman Islamia, Kishanganj * Tauheed Educational Trust's ITI and various institutes, Kishanganj * Karkun Lal High School Alta Kamalpur Kishanganj * Mata Gujari Memorial Medical College and L.S.K hospital * Marwari College, Lahra, Kishanganj * Nehru College, Shafqat Nagar, Bahadurganj, Kishanganj * Shishu Niketan High School, Dangi Basti, Kishanganj * Bal Mandir Senior Secondary School, Caltex Chowk * Insan School and College, Siksha Nagar * Crescent Public School, Sir Sayed Nagar * Saint Xaviars School, Halim Chowk, Khagra * Mehadul Uloom Madarsa, Khagra * Kendriya Vidyalaya, B.S.F, Kishanganj * Oriental Public School, gattani complex * Town Academy, Kishanganj

* Diamond Public School, Dakopara, Kishanganj, * New Ideal Public School Kamalpur * Madarsa Samadia Fulwari Kishanganj * Alim Public School Fulwari * Inter High School, Kishanganj * National High School, Kishanganj, * Azad National College, Thakurganj, Kishanganj * Kharna Madhya Vidyalaya, Kharna, Taiapbur, Thakurganj, Kishanganj * Russell High School, Bahadurganj * Bahadurganj College, Bahadurganj * Sushilahari Inter College, Tulsia, Dighalbank, Kishanganj * Career Plus Computer Education, Kishanganj Study centre of Allahabad AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTE-DEEMED UNIVERSITY,ALLAHABAD * Paradise Mascot Academy, Bahadurganj * Children's Academy, Bahadurganj * Pioneer School, Bahadurganj * SS High School, Sontha * Kisan High School, Singhari * Bishanpur High School, Bishanpur * Hamara School, Gopalpur, Bahadurganj * Madarsa Hifazatul Islam ,Kashibari Aligarh Muslim University is Planning to setup a new branch in KISHANGANJ Rivers * Kanki,Mahesh Bathna, Bahadurganj * Mahananda, Kishanganj * Retwa, Phoolbari Transport According the statistics Kishanganj has a major railhead which is connected to major cities and towns of India. Kishanganj comes under Northeast Frontier Railway (NFR) and NH31. This These two routes are connecting northeastern region of India to the rest of India. It has direct train connected to majority of major cities namely- New Delhi, Mumbai, Patna, Kolkata, Guwahati, Bangalore, Chennai, Tiruanantpuram etc. Garib Nawaz express starts from here for Ajmer. Rajdhani Express which runs between Delhi and Guwahati has its stoppage in Kishanganj.The National Highway No.-31 runs along with the railway line. NH31 is India's one of the important and busiest Highways.You ca see the national highway 31 in Kishanganj is beautifully made with the chain of flyovers. Bahadurganj Bahadurganj is a city and a notified area in Kishanganj district in the state of Bihar, India. Geography

Bahadurganj is located at 2616N 8749E / 26.27N 87.82E / 26.27; 87.82.[1] It has an average elevation of 51 metres (167 feet). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Bahadurganj had a population of 28,224. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Bahadurganj has an average literacy rate of 34%, lower than the national average of 59.5%; with 69% of the males and 31% of females literate. 21% of the population is under 6 years of age. Village: Plasmani is located near Bahadurganj. Siktihar/Bagana/Saranda is one of the of village in Bahadurganj . Thakurganj Thakurganj is a town and a notified area in Kishanganj district in the Indian state of Bihar.Thakurganj is the second largest tehsil after Bahadurganj in Kishanganj district. It has attracted many indusry companies. Few of them are Tea-factory and Brickmaking industries. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 Demographics * 3 References * 4 See also Geography Thakurganj is located at 2627N 8808E / 26.45N 88.13E / 26.45; 88.13.[1] It has an average elevation of 82 metres (269 feet). It touches Nepal, West Bengal ,Araria, Kishanganj and Bahadurganj borders. Thakurganj is well connected to Nepal and a bridge is going to build between both contries with the help of Govt of India. Siliguri is the main market for every business in Thakurganj. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Thakurganj had a population of 15,288. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Thakurganj has an average literacy rate of 60%, little bit higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 63%, and female literacy is 44%. In Thakurganj, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age. Purnia district Purnia district is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar state, India. The town of Purnia is the administrative headquarters of this district. Purnia district is a part of Purnia Division. The district extends from the Ganges river northwards to the frontier of Nepal. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 History * 3 Shrines Geography Purnia has an area of 3,229 square km. It is a level, depressed tract of country, consisting for the most part of a rich, loamy soil of alluvial formation. It is traversed by several rivers flowing from the Himalayas, which afford great advantages of irrigation and water-carriage.

Its major rivers are the Kosi, the Mahananda, the Suwara Kali and the Koli. In the west the soil is thickly covered with sand deposited by changes in the course of the Kusi. Among other rivers are the Mahananda and the Panar. Its major agricultural products are jute and banana. It has a total population of 1,878,885 of which 1,720,743 are rural and 158,142 urban. It had 1,185,356 electors in the 2005. The literacy Rate is 28.52%[citation needed] Purnia district has two subdivisions: Purnea and Dhumdaha and they are further composed of fourteen blocks namely East Purnea, Krityanand Nagar, Banmankhi, Kaswa, Amaur, Bainsi, Baisa, Dhamdaha, Barhara Kothi, Rupauli, Bhawanipur, Dagarua, Jalalgarh and Srinagar. History Purnea has a rich Hindu history and a glorious past. During Mughal rule Purnea was an outlying military province, its revenue was mostly spent on protecting its borders against tribes from the north and east.[2] Its local governor raised a rebellion against Siraj ud-Daulah in 1757, after the capture of Calcutta. In 1765, along with the rest of Bengal, the district became a British possession.[3] Purnea is famous for its uniquely designed Ramakrishna Mission where Durga Puja in the month of April is celebrated with due devotion and honour. Purnea is also famous for the oldest temple of Mata Puran Devi, which is hardly 5 km away from the main city. There is a theory that Purnia got its name from that temple. Some people believe that many years ago Purnea was PurnaAranya which stands for "complete jungle", and that's why it has got the name Purnea. Shrines The city also has the Darghah of Hazrat Mustafa Jamalul Haque Bandagi, Chimni Baza. The 'Dargah and Khanquah Alia Mustafia' is located hardly 7 km away from main city. It is also famous for spirituality, communal harmony and Suffism. Its history goes 400 years back, when Hazrat Bandagi came from Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh visiting several Khanqahs and Dargahs from all over India such as the Pandawa Sharif, the Bihar Sharif etc. The Darghah is playing a major role to spread culture, education, kindness, secularism and spiritual spirits in the North East Bihar since its establishment. Deorhi at Garbanili (Purnea) still has the ruins of Kala Bhawan the ancient Darbar (Palace) of Raja Kalanand Singh, where his successor still lives. Purnia is a city and a municipality in Purnia district of the Indian state of Bihar. Contents * 1 Name * 2 History * 3 Climate * 4 Geography * 5 Agriculture * 6 Language and literature * 7 Festivals * 8 Demographics

Name The origin of the name appears to have different sources. The name possibly originates from the time of the Pundra Kingdom.[clarification needed][citation needed] Purnia could be an altered form of the old name Purania, derived from the word purain or Lotus, which is said to have grown on the Kosi and Mahananda rivers. This derivation is stated by O'Malley[who?] and is also in the old gazetteer.[clarification needed][citation needed] An alternative could be a derivation from the words Pur Aranya. W.W. Hunter and Buchanan[who?] have mentioned the name of Purnia,[clarification needed][citation needed] it being a forested area, using combination of the words purn and aranya (full and forest).[citation needed] History The bhats of the Pundir Rajputs, state that, having had their origins in Telangana, the Pundirs are descendants of the great Pundra dynasty. A Pundra king challenged Vasudeva Krishna by imitating his attributes, calling himself Paundraka Vasudeva. He was later killed by Vasudeva Krishna in a battle. The founders of five eastern kingdoms, Angas Vangas, Kalingas, Pundras and Suhmas, shared a common ancestry.[clarification needed][citation needed] Purnia has a tradition of at least a few centuries behind it. Under the Mughal rule, the district comprised Sarkar Tajpur, east of the Mahananda and Sarkar Purnia, west of the river. Purnia, at that time was a great military seat under the rule of a Fauzadar as a frontier district; Purnia has always had an extra administrative importance. Even in the early British days, Purnia was considered to be an important responsibility particularly as it was located on the border of Nepal.[clarification needed][citation needed] Climate Purnia, with the highest rainfall in Bihar state, has a largely humid climate, with humidity rising to above 70%. A cold season, from November to February, is followed by a hot season from March to June. The monsoon season begins in early June and lasts until September, during which 82% of total annual rainfall falls. January, the coldest month, has a mean daily minimum temperature of 5 C (41 F) to 10 C (50 F) 5-10 C, and a mean daily maximum of 20 C (68 F) to 25 C (77 F). Wind is typically light in the non-monsoon seasons, but during the monsoon, storms and depressions originating in the Bay of Bengal cause heavy rain and strong winds. Geography Purnia and its surrounding lands, lies in the sub-montane alluvial tract of the Gangetic plains. There is a hilly tract in the north with a small hill of Calcareous belt, called Chotapahar near Manihari. It has a slope from the north to the south and is traversed by a number of rivers and their tributaries. The district is composed of alluvial soil, partly old and partly new. The old alluvium is found in the north of the district where it consists of kankars (stone dust). The new alluvium is available in the south of the district and is composed of silt, clay and the

sand. The alluvial soil is supposed to be brought by the Ganga and its tributaries from the Himalayas and is very rich with fertilizing elements.[clarification needed][citation needed] Agriculture Purnia is supplied by agriculture from its surrounding district. The alluvial soil, irrigated by the Kosi and Mahanadi rivers, has been particularly suited to the paddy cultivation of rice. Other crops grown for Purnia are potatoes, wheat, khesari, chickpeas, chillies peppers, maize, lentils, arhar dal, barley, sugarcane, tobacco, makhana, mung beans, and jute.[1] The previous extensive growing of jute supported a former flourishing jute industry in the city. Language and literature Hindi and Urdu are the principal languages of Purnia, spoken with Maithili, Surjapuri, Polia,[clarification needed] Angika and Santhali dialects. In some parts of Purnia, Bangla is spoken. Purnia is ascociated with many poets and literary figures,[citation needed] including: * Satinath Bhaduri (19061965) novelist and politician. * Phanishwar Nath 'Renu' ( ) (19211977) one of the great Hindi novelists of the post-Premchand era. Festivals Many religious festivals are observed in Purnia. Purnia Hindus celbrate Durga Puja, Diwali, Basant Panchami, Shivratri, Holi, Ramnavami, Janmashtami, Tij, Jitiya,Chhath and Bhatridutiya.[clarification needed][citation needed] Purnia Muslims celebrate Muharram, Shab-e-Barat, Ramzan, Eid-ul-Fitr, Bakr Eid and Eide-Milad-un-Nabi.[clarification needed][citation needed] Adivasis celebrate Sarhul.[clarification needed][citation needed] The Chhath festival is celebrated by all religions.[clarification needed][citation needed] Demographics As of 2001 India census,[2] Purnia had a population of 2,543,942. Males constitute 52.2% of the population and females 47.8%. Purnia has an average literacy rate of 35.1%, much lower than the national average of 64.8%: male literacy is 45.63%, and female literacy is 23.42%. In Purnia, 16% of the population is under 30 years of age. Banmankhi Bazar Banmankhi Bazar is a town and a notified area in Purnia district in the state of Bihar, India. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 Demographics * 3 Economy * 4 Education * 5 Specialty * 6 Entertainment * 7 Places to See Geography Banmankhi is situated 32 km away from Purnea, the district town.

Banmankhi is a Sub-division. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Banmankhi Bazar had a population of 25,183. Males constitute 55% of the population and females 45%. Banmankhi Bazar has an average literacy rate of 52%, lower than the national average of 59.5%; with 64% of the males and 36% of females literate. 18% of the population is under 6 years of age. Economy It is very famous for its Sugar Mill, which is currently closed. The Sugar Mill used to provide employment to many people. Education Private: Bal-Bharti is one of the best school for primary and middle schooling. Public: Sumrit High school: 6-10 (co-ed) most popular school in banmankhi the students of the school is very talented and laborious, MatuRam Kanya Uccha Vidyalaya: 6-10 (female), G. L. M. College: Higher Education (co-ed), J.C. Science College Specialty The famous pillar of Prahalada (Son of Hiranyakashyapa) is situated here. The Pillar is said to be growing in size! Currently, a temple has been built near the pillar. The idol in the temple is built from a single piece of stone. The temple celebrates Holika-dahan every year. This occasion attracts a large crowd. Banmankhi also hosts the Ashram of Swami Maharshi Mehi Maharaj. The Ashram is around 2 km away from the Banmankhi Bus-stand. The Ashram hosts satsang on regular basis. The place is marked by immense tranquility and natural beauty. The residents of the Ashram also carry out farming on the premise. The famous Lord Shiva temple (Dhimeshwar Nath Mandir) is situated in Dhima, Banmankhi. Dhimeshwar Nath Mandir is very famous in the area. Every Sunday a large number of devotees come to the temple to offer their prayers to the deities. There are seven ponds around the temple, which have been offered to god by various devotees. Also, the premise has a public inn, which is frequently used to marriage purposes by the citizens. Every year, around Shivaratri, a huge fair is organized near the temple. The fair still is of very old styles with small hawkers and earthen toys! Entertainment Banmankhi has around 2-3 Cinema halls: Saraswati Talkies, Ganesh Talkis, etc. Along with that, youngester also engage is cricket matches. Railway park,The wide area of tree(Gardh) Places to See Maharshi Mehi Maharaj Ashram, Pillar of Prahlad and Mandir, Dhimeshwar Nath Mandir, Durga Mandir, Sugar Mill,etc Kasba Kasba is a town and a notified area in Purnia district in the Indian state of Bihar. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Kasba had a population of 25,522. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Kasba has an average literacy rate of 49%, lower than

the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 57%, and female literacy is 41%. In Kasba, 18% of the population is under 6 years of age. Gopalganj district Gopalganj is the administrative district in the state of Bihar in India. The district headquarter is located in the town of Gopalganj and the district is a part of Saran Division. Languages spoken are Bhojpuri and Hindi. Contents * 1 Area * 2 History * 3 Geography * 4 Demographics * 5 Education * 6 Culture * 7 Facilities * 8 Politics * 9 Notable residents Area The physical (geographical) area of the Gopalganj District approximates about 2033 sqr. Km. Total physical area can roughly be put in two categories i.e. Normal Area and Lowly Area (flood affected area) parts of the six blocks like Gopalganj, Kuchaykot, Manjha, Sidhwalia, Barauli and Baikunthpur are flood affected areas. These areas remain under water in the rainy season. But so far as cultivation and agriculture is concern these areas are called the stock of food grains. Rest of the parts is normal area with full greenery and cultivable land. History Gopalganj is a beautiful land with tremendous historical background and magnificent culture. An ancient state of "Mallyas" known for their bravery and love for civil liberty serves as the frontier of Gopalganj. In Pre- historic time, Gopalganj was part of Nepal, up to the bank of the Saryu river which bounds Siwan district on South of it. Siwan means the boundary - the Southern boundary of Nepal Kingdom . Gopalganj, which till 1875 was only a tiny hamlet, was made a subdivision of the old Saran district in the same year. It became an independent district on October 2, 1973. The old Saran district included the present districts of Saran, Siwan and Gopalganj. The history of Gopalganj is a part of the history of old Saran District. The composite Saran district lies on one of the main lines of the Aryan advance. According to a tradition preserved in Vedic literature, the Videhas marched eastwards from the Saraswati until they reached the banks of the Gandak and were informed by Agni, the God of fire , that their home lay to the east of its broad stream. In obedience to his directions, the Videhas crossed the river and founded a powerful kingdom on its eastern bank ; but it seems likely that some of them settled in Saran, which lay on the line of march, while the majority of them crossed the Gandak.

Geography Geographical Location of Gopalganj district lies between 26 12 to 26 39 North latitudes 83 54 to 84 55 East longitudes. The district occupies an area of 2033 km and has population of 2,149,343 (as of 2001). Adjoining Districts North: East & West Champaran District South: Siwan & Chappra District East: East Champaran & Muzaffarpur District West: Uttar Pradesh Major Urban Centres Gopalganj, Sidhwaliya, Thawe, Hatwa, Mirganj, Barauli, Kateya, Vijaipur, Jalalpur, Kuchaikote, Sasa Musa, Sipaya Bazar, Manjha Garh(Block), Sawreji, Uchakagoan (Block), Phulwaria, Songdhawa, Hussepur, Siswa, Uzra naryanpur. Climate Gopalganj has a varied climate. It is exceptionally hot and dry during summer with temperature reaching as high as 45 degrees Celsius. Gopalganj receives about 500 mm rainfall during monsoons, which is followed by pleasant temperature in winter. District receives an average rainfall of about 290 mm and the temperature varies from 10 to 45 degree Celsius. Demographics Based on the 2001 Census: Population: 2,149,343 (2.59% of the state) Density of population: 1057 Men: 1,072,151 (49.89%) Women: 1,077,192 (50.12%) Urban population: 130,536 (6.07%) Rural population: 2,018,807 (93.93%) % of Scheduled Castes: 12.43% % of Scheduled tribes: 0.29% Sex ratio: 1005 Education Initially Gopalganj had little to offer in terms of good quality education to its residents. Presently Schools and colleges in the city are either run by the government or by private trusts and individuals. The schools are each affiliated with either the Central Board for Secondary Education (CBSE), or the Bihar School Examination Board.[2] English is the medium of instruction in most private schools; though government run schools offer both English and Hindi. After completing their secondary education, which involves ten years of schooling, students typically enroll at Higher Secondary School in one of the three streams Arts, Commerce or Science. Gopalganj is best suitable for school level studies and has many notable schools like Kendriya Vidyalaya, Sainik School,Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya gopalganj and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Govt. Residential High School,Hathwa, are playing the

vital role in shaping the talent. After Higher Secondary, students have not much option for continuing their studies further here. The city has 290 primary schools, 100 secondary schools, 8 higher secondary schools, 5 colleges, 1 Industrial training institute, and 1 polytechnic college but no other institutions of higher learning, not even a single university and medical/engineering institution. Culture Thawe Durga Mandir Temple of goddess Durga Fairs and Festivals :- Four main fairs are held in the district which attract a number of devotees not only from within the district but also from the rest of the state. These are: the Shri Rama Navami, Holi fair at Gopalganj town, held during the Hindu month of Kartik; the Navaratri-Mahalaxmi fair at Gopalganj town during Navaratri (OctoberNovember); Dasshera and Deepawali. Thawe Durga Mandir, Jalalpur Durga Mandir and Krishna Temple are very popular religious places. Bhojpuri and Hindi are the main languages spoken here.The main places of interests are Thawe, Jalalpur, Dighwa-dubauli, Husepur, Lakdi Dargah, and Shivpur(lachhwar) Durga Mandir.[3] Facilities The city doesn't have good transport facilities. Public transport in the city is largely dependent on private buses. Taxis and rickshaws are available for hire throughout the day. Narrow and congested roads and the mix of vastly differing types of vehicles have made a problem in the city traffic. It is connected by rail by a loop line origination from Chhapra. Thawe near Gopalganj town, is a rail junction. Sabeyan Hawai Adda is an airport in Gopalganj. The city has 17 Hospitals, 19 primary health centres, and 80 sub-centres. The district has a network of government-run health facilities consisting of the district hospital. Rural hospitals, primary health centres, sub-centres and dispensaries provide basic healthcare to the rural population. The city has good communication facilities also. It has a fully computerized head post office and other 41 branch post offices, 11 telegraph offices and many telecom service providers like Aircel, Airtel, Idea cellular, Vodafone, Uninor, MTS, STel, Tata Indicom, Docomo, Reliance Infocomm, and the state owned BSNL. Internet India, provided the Internet facilty to Gopalganj people from 15th Jan. 2000 onwards which is known to everyone in the town, nowadays we can find so many places with Internet Facility in the District. There is also a local FM radio station named Radio Rimjhim and TV broadcasting channel.There are over five cinema halls that screen movies in Bhojpuri and Hindi. Popular news papers include Dainik Jagran, Dainik Hindustan, Aaj, Prabhat Khabar, Hindustan Times, Sahara Samay, Times of India, etc. The city owns indoor and outdoor stadiums namely Minz Stadium and Ambedkar Bhavan respectively. The city has 5 nationalized and 2 cooperative banks.Automated teller machine(ATM) facilities are provided by SBI, Canara Bank, ICICI, Punjab National Bank, Central Bank of India, Axis Bank, ICICI Bank, Bank of India, Union Bank, Allahabad Bank, UCO Bank, Andhra Bank,, and United Bank. SBI Gopalganj also provides an internet banking facility.

Politics Gopalganj has been a major player in the politics of Bihar and has produced great leaders such as: Smt. Ram Dulari Singh popularly known as Smt. Ram Dulari Sinha was born in a small village Manikpur in this district, she made her parents and village proud when she did her masters in the pre-independence era when hardly any girl child use to go to school and even did masters in another subject and became the first woman in Bihar to have done double M.A, but the irony is such that Smt. Rabri Devi of the same district an illiterate woman became the first woman Chief Minister of Bihar. Smt. Ram Dulari Sinha of the Indian National Congress was involved in the freedom struggle, she became union minister and later became the Governor of Kerela, who was an honest politician[citation needed] and a dedicated congress woman. Today her son Prof. Madhurendra Kumar Singh of the Indian National Congress is involved in politics and is holding the leadership of Sheohar and Sitamarhi Districts and the adjoining areas of East Champaran and Muzzafarpur Districts. Mr. Abdul Gafoor was an honest[citation needed] politician who became the Chief Minister of Bihar. When J.P started the movement against the then congress government he quoted that "nobody in the Bihar congress was honest except Smt. Ram Dulari Sinha, Shri. Abdul Gafoor an the then speaker of the Bihar assembly and the rest are corrupt" (it was part of the speech which was witnessed by a massive crowd at the Gandhi Maidan in Patna on 5 June 1975). Mr.Laloo Prasad Yadav and his wife Smt. Rabri Devi are also from the same district. Mr.Yadav became the Chief Minister of Bihar and later when Mr. Yadav was convicted in the fodder scam and send to prison his wife Smt. Rabri Devi took over as the Chief Minister and continued till 2005. Mr.Yadav also became Railway Minister in the U.P.A Government. Notable residents * Smt. Ram Dulari Sinha of the Indian National Congress, Former Union-Minister, and Former Governor (Governor of Kerala) and a prominent freedom fighter. * Abdul Ghafoor first and only Muslim chief minister of Bihar,(1973 to 1975). * Smt. Rabri Devi, Ex. Chief Minister of Bihar, wife of Mr.Laloo Prasad Yadav * Mr.Laloo Prasad Yadav Ex. Chief Minister of Bihar and Ex. Rail Minister of India Barauli Barauli is a city and a notified area in Gopalganj district in the state of Bihar, India. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 Demographics Geography Barauli is located at 2624N 8435E / 26.4N 84.58E / 26.4; 84.58.[1] It has an average elevation of 65 metres (213 feet). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Barauli had a population of 34,643. Males constitute 49% of the population and females 51%. Barauli has an average literacy rate of 41%, lower

than the national average of 59.5%; with 64% of the males and 36% of females literate. 20% of the population is under 6 years of age. Kataiya Kateya is a city and a notified area in Gopalganj district in the Indian state of Bihar. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Kateya had a population of 17,896. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Kateya has an average literacy rate of 42%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 53%, and female literacy is 30%. In Kateya, 19% of the population is under 6 years of age. Mirganj Mirganj is a city and a notified area in Gopalganj district in the Indian state of Bihar. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Mirganj had a population of 23,579. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Mirganj has an average literacy rate of 52%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 61%, and female literacy is 43%. In Mirganj, 18% of the population is under 6 years of age. Kuchaikote Kuchaikote is one of the six constituencies of Gopalganj District, in Bihar, India.[1]. The other five constituencies are Hathua, Bhore, Gopalganj, Barauli, and Baikunthpur. History The area around Kuchaikote is on one of the main lines of the Aryan advance into the Indian subcontinent, and was probably occupied in an early period by Aryan races. Until 1875, the town was only a tiny hamlet. The district headquarters is located in the town of Kuchaikote. Languages spoken are Bhojpuri, Hindi, and English. Economy The economy of Kuchaikote is mainly based on agricultural products such as sugarcane, pulses, and grains. It is known for its advances in horticulture. There are two colleges in the field of computer science. The town is well developed with good roads, shopping centres, residential areas, with good infrastructure in communication, health care, and transport. There is an industrial park. Saran district Saran District is one of the thirty-seven districts of Bihar state, India. The district, part of Saran Division, is also known as Chapra district after the headquarters of the district Chapra. Hathwa Raj was a zamindari in the Saran Division of Bihar belonging to Bhumihar Brahmins which encompassed 1,365 villages, was inhabited by more than 391,000 people, and produced an annual rental of almost a million rupees.[2] Contents * 1 Information * 2 Notable residents * 3 See also Information

* Headquarters: Chapra * Area: 2,641 km? * Population: Total: 2572980 Rural: 2338624 Urban: 234356 * S.C. Population: Total: 301306 Rural: 277217 Urban: 24089 * S.T. Population: Total: 3231 Rural: 2945 Urban: 286 * Sub Divisions: Chapra, Marhawrah, Sonepur * Blocks: Chapra, Manjhi, Dighwara, Rivilganj, Parsa, Baniapur, Amnaur, Taraiya, Sonepur, Garkha, Ekma, Dariyapur, Jalalpur, Marhaura, Masarakh, Maker, Nagra, Panapur, Eisuapur, Lahladpur, Jantabazar * Agriculture: Paddy, Wheat, Sugar Cane, Potato, Maize, Vegetables * Industry: Sugar Factories. * Rivers: Ganges, Ghaghra, Gandak * Hotel: Mid Town Hotel, Muncipality Chowk, Chhapra Notable residents * Lalu Prasad Yadav [Former Chief-Minister] * Rajiv Pratap Rudy [B.J.P Leader] Chhapra Chhapra (Hindi: Urdu: ) is a city and headquarters of Saran district in the state of Bihar, India. Chhapra is also written as Chapra. It is situated near the junction of the Ghaghara River and The Ganges River. Chapra was the headquarter of district called Saran. Later on, the district was divided into three separate districts: Chapra, Siwan and Gopalganj. Chapra grew in importance as a river mart in the 18th century when the Dutch [1][2], French, Portuguese, and English established saltpeter refineries there. It was constituted a municipality in 1864. The town has major rail and road connections with the rest of India. Contents * 1 Etymology * 2 History * 3 Geography * 4 Tourism o 4.1 Baba Mehandar Nath Temple o 4.2 Aami o 4.3 Sonepur o 4.4 Dhorh Ashram o 4.5 Gautam Asthan o 4.6 Silhauri o 4.7 Great Economist o 4.8 Chirand o 4.9 Bareja o 4.10 Kateyan o 4.11 Olhanpur o 4.12 MUBARAKPUR

o 4.13 Sonouli * 5 Economy * 6 Education o 6.1 Colleges o 6.2 Schools * 7 Notable personalities Etymology Various hypothesis have been put forward about the origin of the name Saran (Chhapra). General Cunningham suggested that Saran was earlier known as SARAN or asylum which was a name given to a stupa (Pillar) built by emperor Ashoka. Another view holds that the name SARAN has been derived from SARANGA- ARANYA or the deer forest, the district being famous for its wide expanses of forest and deer in prehistoric times. History The earliest authentic historical record concerning this district may perhaps be related to 898 AD which suggest that the village of Dighwara dubauli in Saran had supplied a copper plate issued in the reign of king Mahendra paldeva. Maharshi Dadhichi belongs to Saran who had donated his bone to Gods for manufacturing of arms. Cottage of Dronacharya was also situated in Saran. Gautamasthan, 8 km from chapra town, is used to be Maharshi Gautam's ashrama. Lord Rama has provided Devi ahiylya, wife of Maharshi Gautam who become stone due to a curse (by her mistake), her life back. Currently, there is a temple and Vishnupad preserved. The fight of "Gaj" (Elephant) and "Grah" (Crocodile) was made at Sonepur in Saran also. Presently, Sonpur is well known for Asia's biggest cattle Fair on Kartik Purnima (OctoberNovember) every year. Ambica Sthan or ambika bhawani (Ami, Dighwara) is famous for goddess Durga. Kosala country In ancient days Modern Chapra formed a part of Kosala country. The history of Chapra is bound to be history of Kosala which included portions other than present limit of Saran Division. The kingdom of Kosala was bounded on the west by Panchala, by the river Sarpika(sai) in the south, on the east by Gandak and on the north by Nepal. The Kosala consisted of modern Faizabad, Gonda, Basti, Gorkhapur, Deoria in UP and Saran in Bihar. The historical background of the district- as available in the 'Ain-E-Akbari records Saran as one of the six Sarkars (Revenue Divisions) constituting the province of Bihar. At the time of grant of Diwani to the East India company in 1765, there were eight Sarkars including Saran and Champaran. These two were later combined to form a single unit named Saran. Saran(along with Champaran) was included in the Patna Division when the Commissioner's Divisions were set up in 1829. It was separated from Champaran in 1866 when it (Champaran) was constituted into a separate district. Saran was made a part of Tirhut Division when latter was created in 1908. By this time there were three subdivisions in this district namely Saran, Siwan and Gopalganj. In 1972 each subdivision of the old Saran district became an independent district. The new Saran district after separation of Siwan and Gopalganj still has its headquarters at Chapra.

Ashoka Pillar The famous Ashoka Pillar is located about 33 km from Chapra town (5 km from Maker Village). This is the place where Lord Buddha made his 13th stop on his way to attaining 'Nirvana'. He converted "Amrapali" - a local courtesan/powerful prostitute into a saint. This is now a major tourist attraction for Buddhists all over the world and is well maintained by the archaeological survey of India. At Chirand near Chapra ancient (primitive) bones were found and are placed in the Chapra Museum. It is famous for King Maurayadhwaj who was ready to sacrifice his only son to Vaman Avatar Lord Vishnu. Bhojpuri heritage It is also famous for its Bhojpuri heritage. The famous "Bhikhari Thakur" is a famous person from Saran, and is often referred to as the "Shakespeare of Bhojpuri". "Mahendra Misir" also a famous person in Bhojpuri Folk songs. He had specially invented the "Purvi" a style of Bhojpuri Folk song. He was the master in playing of several types of instruments. Bhojpuri is dialect of this place. Chapra is birth place of shri RAM NATH PANDEY the author of famous novel "BINDIYA",he is extra ordinary person in Bhojpuri. Ara (Arrah), Ballia (Balia), Chapra and Deoria, the Bhojpuri heartland, are known as "ABCD" of India due to their people's congruence of language and culture. People of this "ABC" region has taken Bhojpuri across the Indian border to far away places in Fiji, Mauritius, Trinidad & Tobago, Surinam and Guyana when their forefathers were settled there as indentured labourer by Imperial forces. They have adopted their new homeland but still have Bhojpuri in their blood. Geography Chapra is located at 254705N 844339E / 25.7848N 84.7274E / 25.7848; 84.7274.[3] It has an average elevation of 36 metres (118 feet). The district of Saran is situated between 2536' and 2613' North latitude and 8424' and 8515' East longitude in the southern post of the newly created Saran Division of North Bihar. The Ganges constitute the Southern boundary of the district beyond which lie the districts of Bhojpur and Patna. To the north of Saran lie districts of Siwan and Gopalganj. The Gandak forms the dividing line with vaishali and Muzaffarpur district in the east. To the west of Saran lies district of Siwan and the district of Balia in Uttar Pradesh, the Ghaghra constituting a natural boundary between Saran and Ballia. The district is shaped like a triangle with its apex at the confluence of boundary of Gopalganj district and Gandak-Ganges river there are three rivers namely the Ganges, Ghaghra, Gandak which encircle the district from south north east and western side respectively. The district is entirely constituted of plains but there are quite a few depressions and marshes, which cause the formation of three broad natural division. I. The alluvial plains along the big rivers which are subjected to periodic inundation and prone to floods. II. The region of uplands away from the rivers and not subject to floods. III. The diara areas in the beds of the great rivers. Out of twenty blocks in the districts, Six blocks viz Sonepur, Dighwara, Revelganj, Chapra, Manjhi and Dariyapur are affected by floods regularly. There are six partially flood affect

Parsa, Marhoura, Amnaur, Jalalpur, and Ekma. The remaining blocks are free from floods. The soil of the district is alluvial. No mineral of economic value is found in the district. Located just above the Ghaghara River's junction with the Ganges, its 1991 population was 136,877 people. Chapra is a road and rail hub, as well as a center for trade in agricultural products. Tourism Chapra can be reached easily by either train or road. The state capital Patna is only 70 km away. One can reach Chapra by Bus from Patna. Alternatively, one has to first come to Hazipur from patna from where trains are available for Chhapra. The main language here is bhojpuri. Festivals like Holi, Diwali, Eid [disambiguation needed] and Chhath Parva, in which the Sun is worshiped, are major events here.here is a river south end of chapra Baba Mehandar Nath Temple This place is situated about 40 km from chapra. this is a place of lord shiva who is known here as "BABA MAHENDRA NATH". There is an old temple attached with a pond which is spread over 52 bighas. The temple is a very old and thi shivlinga is natural (means this is not made by human being).this is located near to rasulpur- chainpur road and there is an easy facility of four wheelers as well as private vechiles can roam around there. this temple is very famous not only in Chapra but also people from other cities and states offer their prayer. Every Monday there is a big Mela(local fair) in which you can get various things like food items, toys, and materials for women folks. On the day of Maha Shivratri there is a big festival in which lakhs of people come here to offer puja(to Worship). In the month of Shravan (August) people offer water to lord Shiva with Bel patra( Aegle Marmelos leaves) and other materials. This is a story of the king of Nepal (Mahindra) who was a very good ruler, he got a skin disease (Leprosy) and as a rule he had to quit the kingdom. Then he went to the near by temple and lived a hard life there. One day Lord Shiva came in his dreams and told him that do not leave this area, this is your doors to heaven and mukti. One day he had to wash his hands while he was in the jungle , accidentally he reached this Pond ( Pokhra ) to was his hands , as he dipped his hands inside he could see the miracle , that the skin disease was disappearing . He was so happy to see the magic happening and the truth in the words what Lord Shiva told him in his dream. Then, since he was king of Nepal so he made a Temple and made the Pond bigger and announced publicly that anyone who takes a dip in the pond will be free from any sins and will prosper in life and all wishes will be fulfilled if he will come with full devotion and trust. This was the reason why this place was named after the name of Baba Mahindra Nath after the king of Nepal who built the area for common man. So this was the reason why this Pokhara is still there and now Bihar Govt is doing massive expansion and excisable to all common man. I would recommend that if you all can visit this place to get the blessings from Baba and get all your wishes come true with true devotion. The Story is taken by the near by villagers and Pandas who spend there life inside the Temples and there ancestors have spent lives in the Temples. Jai Mahindra Nath (Surendra Gond, Hussepur, Ekma)

Aami Ami is a big village. The place is situated about 37 km east of Chapra and 4 km west of Dighwara. In Ami, there is an old temple known as Ambika sthan. Hence, the name Ami is derived from the main word Ambika, which is another name of lord Shiva's wife Parvati.Near the Ambika temple there is a garden and a deep broad well in which water remains all over the year and never dries up. The believer from far off come to pay oblation in this establishment in the memory of the goddess at this Yagya Kunda. The believers from far off come to pay oblation in the Navratra of April and October. Water offered here by lacs of People vanishes in the Kunda. AMI in Chapra is the place where according to mythology when lord Shiva carried the dead body of "Sati" from the holy yagnakund of Daksh Prajapati, the trunk of Sati's body fell in "Ami" and the holy Shaktipeeth 'Ambika Sthan' was established. This place is famous among Hindus and popularly known as Ami. Shivpuran has the details about the same. This pyre is believed to be still present within the compound of "Ambika Sthan temple" in "Ami" situated on National highway number 19 around 50 kilometres away from Bihars Capital town Patna and about 28 kilometres from Chapra town. Devotees believe that their wishes get fulfilled as they worship in this temple. Around the year, specially during Dussehra, devotees from different places throng to this place. This place is well connected by rail (the nearest station, Dighwara, is 3 kilometres away) and by road from Patna. Also around three kilometres from Ambika Sthan there is a small town, "Dighwara", which might had earlier known as "Dirgh-dwara" (main gate)is said to be the maingate of King Daksh's yagna area, the father in law of Lord Shiva.Ami is the village of Rich persons. Sonepur Internationally famous for Asia's largest cattle fair held on the occasion of Kartik Purnima,it is also the head quarters of Sonepur Anchal. Sonepur is a Nagar Panchayat and is noted for its Railways platform which is one of the largest in India. So far as religious aspect of Sonepur Mela is concerned, special significance is owing to the temple of shree Hariharnath and the site of the battle of Gaj-Grah and rescue of the former by Hari During Kartik Purnima Ganga Snan or ceremonial bathing in the Ganges is held by Hindus to be unusually efficacious. On the day of full moon (Kartik Purnima) immense crowd assembles and take bath. The Mela commences on that day and lasts for more than a fortnight. The Shiva temple, Kali temple and other temples and historical religious monuments are situated here and social and economical activities are at the highest peak during the Mela period. People come here to pay their oblation to the lords and thus its importance is not within Sonepur of Bihar rather it is of India and world fame. Dhorh Ashram This place is situated towards north of Parsagarh where many exhibits of archaeological importance can be seen. On the bank of river Gandaki and ancient temple of Bhagwan Dhadheswar nath is situated in which a gigantic Shiv Ling of stone is there. This place is exactly 45 km from chapra district headquarters. An old temple is here which is made by

Nepal naresh. Near this temple a local market is situated name janta bajar, this market is famous due to this temple. There a large mela gets organised on shivratri. While any one is preferring the road way this place is situated almost in the middle of MAHARAJGUNJ and BANIYAPUR. 8 km away from parsagarh in north. Sonpur is the holy place of Hindus. Gautam Asthan In the epic Ramayana, there is a mention of Gautam Rishi who had cursed his wife who turned into stone. Later Lord Rama had released Ahalya from her stone statue and as per religious belief, the purification of Ahilya was meted out here. The Ashram of Gautam Rishi is situated 5 km west of Chapra. Ramayana describes it as Ahalya-Uddhaar. This place is situated near ganga river where a big fear running in a year on kartick purnima. in this place lot of temple are made in a ground like 1. Ram, Laxman, Sita; 2. Devi Ahilya; 3. Goutam Rishi; 4. Bajrangbali; 5. Jamant Ji and a big foot mark of lod Ram. Silhauri This is an important place as per the child Episode of Shiv Puran and Ram charitra Manas. The mohbhan of Narad depicts the place to be here. This ancient place is 2 km away from Marhowra, and 24 km away from Chhapra. Morhowra is connected to Chapra by Rail line. It helps devotes to visit the holy place. On every Shivratary, mela is organized here during which the devotes of Baba Shilanath come to pay their obeisances. There is a very famous temple of Shankar Bhagwan. By: Bhushan this place was originally known as narainpalia. Near marhowrah there is even a old temple which known the name of ghardhdevi. It has a story the when sait rahashu bhagat called goddess then she came to him step by step during her journy she stayed at marhowrah.therefor that place named ghardhdevi.there are so many interesting history of marhowrah Great Economist There are two person come in picture when we discuss about economics. 1.Late Sri Bhagawat Giri born in Mubarak pur Village who was a Great teacher and kind person who had done lot of work for poor student and education system in his locality. 2.Late Sri Gorakh Narain Singh who was born in Marhowrah and get first prize in London in exam of economics. Chirand Chirand is situated 11 km south east of the district headquarter near Doriganj Bazar at the north bank of river Ghaghra. The result of the excavation there reveals about four thousand years old developed culture of Pashan age. Inhabitants of Chirand were engaged in Animal Husbandry, agriculture and hunting. In whole of India new Pashan age culture was firstly revealed here. Chirand had become an important urban place. Mahadani King Mayurdvajh's palace's archeological remains are still found here, just on the bank of Ganges-Saryu sangam at Chirand area. Chapra also has maharshi Dadhichi's ashram. Dadhichi was a great tapasawi, he has donated his bones to make Lord Indra's vajra to help them in fighting with asurs.

Bareja Bareja is a village in Chapra district and is situated in the middle of Chapra and Siwan. The place is 9 km away from Manjhi, which is the UP Border. The village is under Manjhi Block which borders UP. Bareja was a big melting pot of politics during independence movement. During the Salt Movement, Bareja was one of the few villages that manufactured Salt and actually sent it to the English. The Bareja High School was founded way back in 1940s and was the only high school in the area for years. Pandit Girish Tiwari, a well-known freedom fighter from the village rose to be the first education minister of Bihar. Bareja also had some very affluent Jamindars who owned property running in millions during British era. The village presently is populated by most of the castes except Rajputs who live in almost all the villages surrounding it. Kateyan Kateyan is a village in Chhapra district and is situated in the 40 KM north from the main district centre. The village is under Lahladpur block. Kateyan was a big political witness during independent India.Before independence it was ruled by KAYASTH Jamindar Babu Dineshwar Sahay and Babu Nath Sharan Sahay. The Man Rani Anirudh Narayan High School was founded in 1985 inaugrated by former state education minister Smt. Uma Pandey. Kateyan has given a great Hindi & Bhojpuri poet and writer Sri Anirudh Narayan Verma who wrote very famous mahakavya Aarya Anarkali. Olhanpur Olhanpur is a big Village in Chhapra district and its far from 15 km from chhapra town as well as this village is under Marhaurah Block. In Olhanpur village one historic masjid is situated which is made by Emperor shah Jahan people called Shahi Masjid .The founder of Khuda Baksh Library(Khuda Baksh Library is situated at Patna which are very famous in Asia for Persian and Urdu books) is also belongs to Olhanpur. This village has one of the best school in Chapra District i,e Islamia High School. MUBARAKPUR Mubarakpur is a village in Chhapra district and is one KM east of Olahanpur. This village is named after Mubarksah the famous sufi sant. His samadhi is situated in Mubarakpur.The famous Hindi teacher late sri Rameshwar Pandey, was a teacher in Islamic High School, Olahanpur. His house is situated in the eastern part of the Village. These village is also famous for Roopkala Mandir. These village has great people like Shri Jaganath Prasad who is well known for helping poor people and he is a great socialist. The places to see in Mubarakpur are Chat Ghat and shiv temp. Sonouli Sonouli Sonauli village is situated in Bihar, Chapra District, Bihar. This village is very beautiful in Chapra District Total population is about 6000 (source census 2010) in this village you will find all religion and caste. whole day there is bus available between and sonouli, chapra and Siwan there is local market where you can find local fresh vegetables and fruits and nearest railways station is Mashrakh which is connected to Chapra and Gopalganj, There is 3 Private English Medium School Two Government School One Private

Hospital, One Marriage Hall, Two Maszid. One Temple and Many Medical and Grocery Outlets This Village is about 700 Years Old. Economy The main commercial site is the municipal chowk. Hathwa market is famous for selling cloths. On 11 August 2006, Union Railways Minister Lalu Yadav announced setting up of a locomotive factory in the district. The famous chocolate factory MORTON was located at Marhowrah. Sugarcane, Iron, Cotton factory are also located at Marhowrah. Education Colleges Jai Prakash Vishwavidyalaya (University), Chapra is one of the premier universities of Bihar. Serving the needs of higher and quality education of the people of Saran commissionary, it has completed its 14 years and has entered its 15th year. With 21 constituent colleges and 9 affiliated colleges, it is offering courses at the Under Graduate level and Post Graduate level in most subjects. With a student strength of thousands of students, J.P. University is amongst the largest universities of Bihar. Main colleges of chapra are Rajendra College, Jagdam College, Ramjaipal College, J.P.Mahila Collage, SDS College, Dr. R.N.Singh Evening College, T.S College, P.N. Singh College Parsa, Jaglal Ray College, P.C. Science College, H.R College Amnour, Bishweshwar Dayal Sinha Memorial Mahila Mahavidyalaya, and many more. Schools Shri Yamuna Chari High School, Driyapur, R.J.HIGH SCHOOL (BISHWAMBHER PUR),Sadhu Lal Prithvi Chand High School(Sidhighat,Chapra), Rajendra Vidhya Mandir,Maker,B.B RAM High School, Nagra.(Hakim) High school Marhowra, Silhauri, bajitpur,sonoho,saran,high school Amnour share dias with top schools in bihar,Parsa, Zila School, Visveswar Seminary, Saran Academy, Rajput High School, Brahmin School, Hariji High School, Aphar and R.S.K.S. High School Khalpura, Darihara High School, Darihara are very good schools for boys & Girls whereas Govt. Girls' High School, Janak Yadav Girls High School and Arya Kanya Girls School are good schools for girls, and also the another important government school is Gautam Rishi Uccha vidyalay which is in Revelganj. Apart of it J.M. High School Raipura (Garkha), Islamia High School, Olhanpur, B.N.High School,Mohamadpur. Saran are also the good schools. There is another very popular and having brilliant academic record school.25 km north on Gudari-Baniyapur Road MISHRI LAL DHARMNATH PRASAD HIGH SCHOOL,KANHAULI,BANIYAPUR,SARAN situated on the bank of a very popular pond named Paigambarpur pokhara.-Dharmendra Mohan Srivastava (student of 1967 Batch.) By-Rupesh Kumar (mithepur) Rampurkhoram High School by Surenra Gupta (Student of 1982 Batch.) Notable personalities Chapra is the home of freedom fighter and notable political leader Loknayak Jayaprakash Narayan, Mazaharul Haq. Jaiprakash Narayan University has been opened in the name of Jai Prakash Narayan "stalwart of Indian politics". Renowned author Shailendra Sengar belongs to Sawari Jalalpur near Chapra.

Chitragupta, the famous music composer of Bollywood, hailed from Chapra and his Music Director duo son Anand-Milind are still bringing glory to this place. Pandit Ramavatar Sharma, Acharya Pandit Kapil Dev Sharma (Padma-Vibhushan) who had been the scholar of about 13 languages, Dr Govind Sharan, Pandit Bharat Mishra, and Dr. Harihar Nath Saran, Bindeshwari Prasad Verma, Dr. Katyayan Pramod Parijat Shastri ( Bharatacharya ) who is a well known Astrologer, Mythologist and scholar of Sanskrit, Hindi, Bhojpuri, Bangla, English etc. has contributed his writings in the forms of articles, poems in many leading national newspapers and magazines like Dainik Hindustan, Dainik Jagran, Aaj, Dharmayug, Saptahik Hindustan and Kadambini.He has written many books like Bauddh Darshan, Ajatshatru ( A Biography Of Dr. Rajendra Prasad ), Udte hue Sanyasi aur Kandaraon ki Kalbhairavi and many others.He had also Edited the historical Newspaper of Post Independent era like Gomati.Dr. Shastri is the pioneer to launch the written astrological Predictions in the Indian Newspaper.After spending his 9 years into Rashtrapati bhawan as Being closely associated with President Dr. Rajendra Prasad and Dr. Radhakrishnan he took the name of Chhapra in to new heights.All these notable personalities belonged to the soil of Chhapra. This place had also given 6 Chief Ministers to Bihar State. Great Bhojpuri poet and folk artist Bhikari Thakur who is known as Shakespeare of Bhojpuri is also a son of Chhapra(saran) district. [1] Bidesia, the play entitled by Bhikari Thakur, has made history by its popularity. Bhikari Thakur is the people's poet in Bhojpuri and in his poems are reflected the joys and sorrows, the toils and tears of the simple rural folk of his area. Mithilesh Prasad Srivastava alias Natwarlal(in famous thug) also belongs to Chapra. Among freedom-fighters Ramdeo Singh from Village Thahara West, Maker was one of them who fought for the country against British rule and went to Chapra jail for 3 months. Among NRI's Sabita Singh, a daughter of Chhapras Mukrera village, is judge of the District Circuit Court of Massachusetts in USA. She is the first South Asian judge in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Her grandfather was a senior lawyer in the Chapra district court.chapra is famous district of India. Sidharath Gautam belongs to Chhapra, he is Founder & CEO of SG Group, USA. Recent railway minister of India Mr. Lalu Prasad very famous leader in the world. Dighwara Dighwara is a city and a notified area in Saran district in the state of Bihar, India. Name probably emerged from 'Dirgh-dwar' or literally 'large gate'. This place is said to be the entrance gate of the mythological city of king Daksha. The town is on the banks of Ganges. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 Demographics * 3 Languages spoken in Dighwara * 4 Places of interest o 4.1 In Dighwara o 4.2 Around Dighwara

o 4.3 Education o 4.4 Hospitals of Dighwara + 4.4.1 Temple of Maa Ambika, (Aami) + 4.4.2 The ancient city of Vaishali * 5 How to reach Geography Dighwara is located at 2544N 8500E / 25.73N 85.0E / 25.73; 85.0.[1] It has an average elevation of 43 metres (141 feet). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Dighwara had a population of 27,327. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Dighwara has an average literacy rate of 48%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 59% and, female literacy is 35%. In Dighwara, 19% of the population is under 6 years of age. Villages of Dighwara: * Manupur * Aami * Basatpur * Hematpur * Haraji * Malkhachak * Basti jalal * Farhada * Pipra * Marhavara * Salhan * Mirzapur Languages spoken in Dighwara * Hindi * Bhojpuri Places of interest In Dighwara There are several common temples of various Hindu deities. Also you can have a beautiful scene of sunset from the banks of Ganges. Around Dighwara Around Dighwara, there are many small historical and sacred places. People from far and near come to visit these places. Education * Girls High School * Shankarpur Road * Jai Govind High School, NH 19 Dighwara * Middle School Dighwara

* K N T Collage Dighwara * Y N Collage Dighwara * Ram Jangal Singh College Dighwara Hospitals of Dighwara * Rajkiya Hospital Dighwara Temple of Maa Ambika, (Aami) This is a temple of goddess Durga's Ambika form. The temple is roughly 4 km west from Dighwara town. It is made in an old fort like building on the banks of holy Ganges. The temple is an example of standard north Indian temple architecture. It has a central shrine called 'garvagriha', housing the main idol of goddess Ambika. There is a 'yagya kunda' where still religious acts are done. A large idol of Shiva has been erected recently near the yagya kunda. The ancient city of Vaishali See: Vaishali (ancient city) How to reach Dighwara can be reached by train or by road. Dighwara has its own railway station and the nearest railway junctions are Sonpur and Chapra. Nearest Airport is Chapra. International flights are from Patna. Marhaura Marhaura is a city and a notified area in Saran district in the Indian state of Bihar. Geography Marhaura is located at 2558N 8452E / 25.97N 84.87E / 25.97; 84.87.[1] It has an average elevation of 52 metres (170 feet). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Marhaura had a population of 24,534. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Marhaura has an average literacy rate of 42%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 54%, and female literacy is 29%. In Marhaura, 19% of the population is under 6 years of age. Revelganj Revelganj is a city and the oldest municipality in Saran district in the Indian state of Bihar. Contents * 1 History * 2 Geography * 3 Demographics * 4 References History This is the birth place of Hanuman, the bhakt (devotee) of Ram. This place is also known for Ahalya Udhar. Here, people can find a temple of Maharishi Gautam. This place is also known as Gautam Asthan in the name of this saint. The ashram of Shringi Rishi is here. Geography

Revelganj is located at 2547N 8440E / 25.78N 84.67E / 25.78; 84.67.[1] It has an average elevation of 52 metres (170 feet). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Revelganj had a population of 34,044. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Sonepur, Bihar Sonpur is a town in the Indian state of Bihar, situated on the banks of the River Gandak in Saran district in the Indian state of Bihar. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 Demographics * 3 See also Geography The town is located at 254200N 851100E / 25.7N 85.1833E / 25.7; 85.1833 at an altitude of 42 metres (137 ft). It is the divisional headquarters of the East Central Railway of the Indian Railways. It hosts one of the world's largest animal fairs. It is on the confluence of four rivers. Domesticated animals had been the sole source of all economic activities since ancient times, explaining why the animal fair has been organised. The river Gandak must have been the route of the movement of Budha and his followers from Nepal Tarai to Magadh that is why many of the stupas and similar structures, including Ashokas pillars, are found on the banks of the river. The location of Pathar ki Maszid just opposite the meeting point of the gandak, that is southern bank of the ganga, shows the Muslim influence of trade and commerce in medieval times. The current township Patna is just the modern version of the makeshift headquartrs of military establishments of old Patnacity which in turn was later version of Patliputra, the capital of Marya Empire. Of the seven railway stations in the world having the longest railway platforms, five are in India, Sonepur being the one with the second longest platform in the world at 2,415 ft (736 m). It is connected by two rivers, Ganga and Gundak. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Sonpur had a population of 33,389. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Sonepur has an average literacy rate of 60%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 70%, and female literacy is 48%. In Sonepur, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age. See also * Sonepur Cattle Fair * Hariharnath Mandir Siwan district Siwan district is one of the districts of Bihar state, India. Siwan town is the administrative headquarters of this district. Siwan district is a part of Saran Division since 1972. The town is known for its great past especially for First President of Indian Republic who belonged to

Jeeradei.[2] The district is also known as Aliganj Sawan after the name of Ali Bux. Siwan has historical and mythological importance attached to it. Contents * 1 Nomenclature * 2 History * 3 Blocks Name * 4 Geographical Features * 5 Geography * 6 Agriculture and industries * 7 Education * 8 Famous personalities * 9 Tourism Nomenclature Siwan derived its name from "Shiva Man", a Bandh Raja whose heirs ruled this area until Babar's arrival. Maharajganj, which is another subdivision of Siwan district, may have found its name from the seat of the Maharaja there. Siwan is also known as Aliganj Sawan after the name of Ali Bux, one of the ancestors of the feudal lords of the area. Siwan, situated in the western part of the State, was originally a sub-division of Saran District, which in ancient days formed a part of Kosala Kingdom.The present district limits came into existence only in 1972, which is geographically situated at 2535 North and 841 to 8447 east. The total area of the Siwan district is about 2219.00 Sq. Km with a population of 21,56,428 as per the 1991 census. The district is bounded on the east by the Saran district, on the north by Gopalganj district and on the west and south by two districts of U.P. viz. Deoria and Balia respectively. Siwan, derived its name from "Shiva Man", a Bandh Raja whose heirs ruled this area till Babars arrival. Maharajganj, which is another subdivision of Siwan district, may have found its name from the seat of the Maharaja there. A recently excavated marvelous statue of Lord Vishnu at Village Bherbania from underneath a tree indicates that there were large numbers of followers of Lord Vishnu in the area. As the legend goes, Dronacharya of Mahabharat belonged to village 'DON'in Darauli Block. Some believe Siwan to be the place where Lord Buddha died. Siwan is also known as Aliganj Sawan after the name of Ali Bux, one of the ancestors of the feudal lords of the area. Siwan was a part of Banaras Kingdom during 8th century. Muslims came here in the 13th century. Sikandar Lodi brought this area in his kingdom in 15th century. Babar crossed Ghaghra river near Siswan in his return journey. In the end of the 17th century, the Dutch came first followed by the English. After the battle of Buxar in 1765 it became a part of Bengal. Siwan played an important role in 1857 independence movement. It is famous for the stalwart and sturdy Bhoj -puries, who have always been noted for their martial spirit and physical endurance and from whom the army and police personnel were largely drawn. A good number of them rebelled and rendered their services to Babu Kunwar Singh. The anti pardah movement in Bihar was started by Sri Braj Kishore Prasad who also belonged to Siwan in response to the Non Co-Operative movement

in 1920. A big meeting was organised at Darauli in Siwan District on the eve of the Kartik Purnima Mela under the leadership of Dr. Rajendra Prasad who had thrown away his lucrative practice as an advocate in the Patna High Court at the call of Gandhiji. In the wake of this movement Maulana Mazharul Haque, who came to stay with his maternal uncle Dr. Saiyyad Mahmood in Siwan, had constructed an ashram on the Patna-Danapur road which subsequently became Sadaquat Ashram. The next phase of the Non co-operation movement known as the Civil Disobedience movement of 1930, was fully implemented in Siwan. In connection with the Satyagrah Movement Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru made a whirlwind tour of the different parts of Bihar. One of the famous meetings he addressed was at Maharajganj. A few persons of present Siwan District who played an important role in the attainment of independence were Dr. Rajendra Prasad, Maulana Mazharul Haque, Shri Mahendra Prasad, the elder brother of Dr. Rajendra Prasad, Dr. Sayyad Mohammad, Shri Braj Kishore Prasad and Shri Phulena Prasad. Uma Kant Singh (Raman jee) of Narendrapur achieved martyrdom during the Quit India Movement. Jwala Prasad and Narmedshwar Prasad of Siwan helped Jai Prakash Narayan after his escape from Hazaribagh Central Jail. One of the most renowed literaturer of this country Pandit Rahul Sankritayayana started peasant Movement here between 1937 to 1938. During his visit to Champaran Mahatma Gandhi and Madan Mohan Malviya visited Siwan and Gandhiji even spent a night at Zeradei in the house of Dr. Rajendra Prasad. The chowki on which he slept then is still kept intact there. History Ancient and medieval history of Siwan; Situated in the western part of the State, Siwan was a part of Kosala Mahajanapada during 5th century BC. A recently excavated marvelous statue of Lord Vishnu at Village Sadiha & Bherbania from underneath a tree indicates that there were large numbers of followers of Lord Vishnu in the area. As the legend goes, Dronacharya of Mahabharat belonged to village DON in Darauli Block. Some believe Siwan to be the place where Lord Buddha died. Siwan was a part of Banaras Kingdom during 8th century. Muslims came here in the 13th century. Sikandar Lodi brought this area under his kingdom in 15th century. Babar crossed Ghaghra River near Siswan in his return journey. During the reign of Moghul emperor Akbar, area of Siwan was covered under Saran, which was one of the six Sarkar for collection of land revenue. Modern history At the end of 17th century, the Dutch came here first followed by the English. After the battle of Buxar in 1764, Siwan (Saran) became a part of Bengal in 1765. Siwan played an important role during first independence movement. Since ancient times, the region was famous for the stalwart and sturdy Bhojpuries, who have always been noted for their martial spirit and physical endurance and from whom the army and police personnel were largely drawn. A good number of them rebelled and rendered their services to Babu Kunwar Singh during movement of 1857. The anti pardah movement in Bihar was started by Sri Braj Kishore Prasad who belonged to Siwan in response to the Non Co-Operative movement in

1920. A big meeting was organised at Darauli in Siwan District on the eve of the Kartik Purnima Mela under the leadership of Dr. Rajendra Prasad, who had thrown away his lucrative practice as an advocate in the Patna High Court at the call of Gandhiji. In the wake of this movement Maulana Mazharul Haque, who came in Siwan to stay with his maternal uncle Dr. Saiyyad Mahmood, had constructed an ashram on the Patna-Danapur road, which subsequently became Sadaquat Ashram. The next phase of the Non co-operation movement known as the Civil Disobedience movement of 1930, was fully supported in Siwan. In connection with the Satyagrah Movement Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru made a whirlwind tour of the different parts of Bihar. One of the famous meetings he addressed was at Maharajganj. A few persons of present Siwan District played an important role in the attainment of independence and rose to the national level. Shaheed Sarai formally called Jublie Sarai in British Raj holds an important place in history of Siwan. The sarai was a hub for the pro independence ignited minds and it is the place where three soldiers of independence died in British firing. Hence, it was named Shaheed Sarai. One of the most prolific writers of India, Pandit Rahul Sankritayayana, started peasant movement here between 1937 and 1938. During visit to Champaran Mahatma Gandhi and Madan Mohan Malviya visited Siwan and Gandhiji even spent a night at Ziradei in the house of Dr. Rajendra Prasad. The chowki on which he slept then is still kept intact there. Formation as District The major changes in the jurisdiction of the district were creation of Siwan as district and the changes resulting there from due to implementation of Trivedi Award on 10 June 1970. The award resulted substantial alteration of jurisdiction of the district. Siwan was being declared as a district in 1972 in which it was proposed to include 10 blocks of Gopalganj and 13 blocks of Siwan subdivisions. Two blocks Bhagwanpur and Basantpur of Siwan were declared to be added to the jurisdiction of proposed Marhaura subdivision. But after one year later in 1973 Gopalganj was made a separate district with its 10 blocks included in Siwan earlier and thus Siwan constituted its original 15 blocks including Bhagwanpur and Basantpur blocks. Trivedi Award was implemented on 10 June 1970. Thereby fourteen villages of Siwan having an area of 13,092 acres (52.98 km2) were transferred to U.P. and twelve villages of U.P. with an area of 6,679 acres (27.03 km2) were transferred to Siwan. The basis of this transfer was the position of Ghaghara River in 1885. After 1885, the course of the river changed from time to time resulting in intermixing the areas of U.P. with those of Siwan. Hence, the position of 1885 was taken to be the base and those transfer were made accordingly. Before the Trivedi Award, the boundary of Siwan with U.P. was flexible with the course of the river. After the Award, this boundary was fixed by installing pillars on the conspicuous points, the maintenance of which is done by Govt. of Utter Pradesh and the administration of Siwan as per the provisions of the Awards. Thus after this Awards, the so far flexible boundary of Siwan vis-a-vis U.P. on both banks of Ghaghara river was given a stability. Presently four more blocks have been created namely Lakri Nabiganj, Nautan, Jiradei and Hasanpura block. Out of these newly created blocks Lakri Nabiganj is functional

and rests of the three are not functional. Thus, there are sixteen functional blocks in the district. Blocks Name Mairwa Guthani Goreyakothi Darauli Ander Hussainganj Siwan Sadar Barharia Pachrukhi Basantpur Bhagwanpur Hat Maharajganj Daraunda Siswan Raghunathpur Chanp farooqi nager Nautan Ziradei Hasanpura Ukareri Geographical Features Geographical FeaturesThe District Siwan is spanned over the western part of North Bihar alluvial plain's segment of broader Indo-Gangetic Plain. The geographical location of the district is confined between 250 53' to 260 23' North latitudes and 840 1' to 840 47' East longitude .The Deoria district (U.P.) bound it from west, the Gopalganj district from north, the Saran district from east and by the river Ghaghara (Gogra or Sarayu) from south, beyond which lies the district of Ballia (U.P.). The district is constituted of 15 (1991) Anchals (blocks) covering an area of 2219 km2 (856 miles) with a population of 2,170,971 according to 1991 census. This administrative unit embraces only 1.27 percent of area and 2.54 percent of total population of Bihar. It comprises 1437 inhabited and 101 uninhabited villages. As regards the sex ratio in the district, 1069 female population comes to per 1000 male population. Structurally the district forms a part of the alluvium of the broader Indo-Gangetic Plain. The geological formation of the tract is of recent (Holocene) period. The contribution of the Himalayan Rivers to the formation of the tract is significant. It is estimated that the district covers the deposits of alluvium more than 5000 feet depth. Geo-morphologically it forms the part of the Gandak cone which is the outcome of the discharge and silt-charge of the Himalayan rivers to the plain during the phase of deposition. The whole district bears a featureless terrain having general slope from northwest to southeast. The slope is almost

imperceptible averaging only 8 inches a mile. The datum line of Siwan, the district headquarters, is 64 metres (210 feet) from the sea level. The district is drained by few small rivers like Jharahi, Daha, Gandaki, Dhamati (Dhamahi), Siahi, Nikari and Sona. The southern boundary of the district is formed by river Ghaghara, the main stream of the area. Among these, Ghaghara is the only perennial river because of its Himalayan source and rest rivers bear different origins. The rivers of the district get inundated almost every year. The area is characterised by certain typical features like 'Chaurs', some of which give birth to short length streams locally known as 'Nadi' or 'Sota'. The rivers Jharahi and Daha are the tributaries of river Ghaghara, while Gandak and Dhamati are of river Gandak. The Siahi and Nikari streams drain to Jharahi, while Sona drains to river Daha. These streams play important role in carrying out excess water during rainy season. Siwan, the district headquarters, is located on the eastern bank of river Daha. The southern part of the district along river Ghaghara is marked by Draras, which are typical formation of the sand heaping with thin layer of clay and silt over them. Alluvium and Dilution Rae the important works of river Ghaghara in this part, where by boundary problems are created leading to transfer of land to and from the district. The district of Siwan falls in the area, which occupies an intermediary position between the Bhanger plain of Uttar Pradesh and Khader plain of West Bengal. Bhanger ( or Banger ) is the older alluvium containing heavier soil with greater clay proportion, while Khader is the newer alluvial deposit by rier floods. Both types of soils are found in the district, but Khader is limited to the vicinity of the rivers where it is periodically renewed by fresh deposits, especially in DIARA areas. Khader is locally termed as 'Domat' and Bhanger as 'Balsundari'. The Bhanger contains nodular segregations of carbonate of lime known as 'Kankar'.The soil is in many places is sulfurous and extraction of saltpeter has long been an important industry. The saltpeter industry has disappeared with the march of time and changing phase of development. The district gets its place in the transitional zone of drier climatic condition of Uttar Pradesh and moist climatic condition of West Bengal, but nearness to U.P. gives way to experience comparatively drier climatic condition. The area observes hot westerly winds which start in March and last till May, but in April and May light, damp easterly winds blow intermittently and afternoon storms accompanied with rain take the place of the rainless dust storms of U.P. The summer season experiences 'Loo' during May and June having temperature above 1000F (380C). Since the district is in transitional zone the Monsoon rain starts late here, but earlier than U.P., and persists till September. This period provides maximum rain to the area. July and August are the oppressive months due to heat intermixed with high humidity. The winter season is normally pleasant with low temperature. During this period western depressions sometimes give small quantity of rain, which intensifies the existing coldness into chill. The average annual rainfall for 51 years at Siwan is 120 centimeters (47 inches). Geography The global location of Siwan District is between 25 53' to 26 23' North latitudes and 84 1' to 84 47' East longitudes. Siwan covers an area of 2219 km. The district headquarter of

Siwan, having same pronunciation, is located on the eastern bank of river Daha. Siwan is situated in the western part of North Bihar. It is bordered by Gopalganj District in the north and by the river Ghaghara in the south beyond, which lies the Ballia district of Uttar Pradesh. In the east of Siwan lies Saran District while Deoria District bounds it from the west. According to the 2001 census the population of Siwan District is 27,14,349 out of which rural and urban population are 2,055,466 & 115,505 respectively. The Literacy Rate in the district is 51.65%. Siwan has distinction of having highest sex ratio among districts of Bihar (1069 female/ 1000 male). The district forms a part of the alluvium of the broader IndoGangetic Plain. This region is marked by some typical geographical formations like 'Chaurs' and 'Draras'. The southern part of the district along river Ghaghara is marked by Draras, which are typical formation of the sand heaping with thin layer of clay and silt over them. Alluvium and dilution Rae the important works of river Ghaghara in this part, where by boundary problems are created leading to transfer of land to and from the district. * Rivers: Gandaki and Ghaghara are major rivers. The district is also navigated by few small rivers like Jharahi, Daha, Gandaki, Dhamati or Dhamahi, Siahi, Nikari and Sona. Along with the smaller ones Ghaghara is the perennial river, which flows alongside the district's boundary. Climate The district observes hot westerly winds which start in March and last till May, but in April and May light, damp easterly winds blow intermittently and afternoon storms accompanied with rain take the place of the rainless dust storms of U.P. The summer season experiences 'Loo' during May and June having temperature above 380C), Since the district is in transitional zone the Monsoon rain starts late here, but earlier than U.P., and persists till September. This period provides maximum rain to the area. July and August are the oppressive months due to heat intermixed with high humidity. The winter season is normally pleasant with low temperature. During this period, western depressions sometimes give small quantity of rain, which intensifies the existing coldness into chill. The average annual rainfall for 51 years at Siwan is 120 centimeters. Administrative Division * Sub Divisions: Siwan, Maharajganj * Blocks: Mairwa, Pachrukhi, Raghunathpur, Andar, Guthani, Maharajganj, Darauli, Siswan, Daraunda, Husainaganj, Bhagwanpur, Hat, Goriyakothi, Baraharia, Habibpur, Siwan Sadar, Basantpur, Lakari, Nabiganj, Jiradei, Nautan, Hasanpur, Firozpur. Agriculture and industries Soil The district of Siwan falls in the area, which occupies an intermediary position between the Bhanger plain of Uttar Pradesh and Khader plain of West Bengal. Bhanger (or Banger) is the older alluvium containing heavier soil with greater clay proportion, while Khader is the newer alluvial deposit by river floods, both types of soils are found in the district, but Khader is limited to the vicinity of the rivers where it is periodically renewed by fresh deposits, especially in "Diara" areas. Khader is locally termed as 'Domat' and Bhanger as

'Balsundari'. The Bhanger contains nodular segregations of carbonate of lime known as 'Kankar'. The soil is in many places sulfurous and extraction of saltpeter has long been an important industry. The saltpeter industry has disappeared with the march of time and changing phase of development. * Major crops: Paddy, Wheat, Sugar Cane, Maize * Important Industry: Sugar factories, Jinning factory, Handloom Flora Fauna Siwan district is mainly a plain and fertile agricultural land. It has highest temperature in May and lowest temperature in January. The highest rainfall period is August and September. In summer it often faces cyclones. Plants & Herbs : First of all Mr. M. H. Hens who was then forest conservator collected plants but Siwan District does not appear in his articles. At that time it was a Sub-Division of the Saran District. The land of Siwan cannot be divided into botanical zones. Crops : Crops are cultivated in the district as per the seasons. There are mainly two major crops i.e. Khariff and Rabi. Khariff : Its period is June to September and the main crops are Maize, Paddy, Sugarcane, and Millet etc. Rabi : Its period is October to March and the main crops are Wheat, Grams, Peas, Mustards, Soya beans, Sunflower etc. March - January : During this period mainly Kidney beans and summer paddy is grown. Fruits : The main fruits are Mango, Guava, Banana, and Papaya. The other fruits that are grown are Pomegranate, big and small Lemon. Amla are also found in some places. Vegetables : Vegetables are also grown according to the season. Winter season : Potato, Cauliflower, Cabbage, Reddish, Spinach, Carrot, Brinjal, Tomato, Bottle gourd, Pumpkins etc are grown in this season. Rainy Season : Ladyfinger, Bitter gourd, Ghewara etc are grown during this season. Trees : The district has no forest area. The trees that are found in orchards and roadsides are Mango, Litchi, Eucalyptus, Pipal, Banyan, Shisham, Neem, Ashok, Coconut, Palmyra etc. Flowers : The flowers that are found are Rose, Fern & Cactus, various types of Croton, Jasmine, Lily, Christhemum etc. Education ===Educational Institutions ===[[Media:[[Media: * Siwan Engineering & technical Institute Siwan * Unani Medical College, Nawalpur, Siwan * Islamia High School, Purana Qila, Siwan * D.A.V. P.G. College (Siwan) * D.A.V. Ayurvedic Medical College & Hospital * Z.A. Islamia College (Siwan) * Islamia High & Middle School, Mahabiri Saraswati Vidya Mandir (CBSE) * VM Inter College. VM High & Middle School, DAV High & Middle School, * Vidya Bhawan Mahila College * D.A.V. Public School (CBSE), * Mahabiri Saraswati Shishu Mandir (CBSE)

* Kendriya Vidyalay (CBSE) * Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya (CBSE) * Don Bosco High School * Daroga Prasad Ray College (Ckanil ) D.A.V.Public School (Srinagar * Vatayan school (CBSC)]]]] Famous personalities Freedom Fighters * Khuda Baksh Khan - Born on 2 August 1842 in Ukhai, 7 km from Siwan. His immense collection of books and manuscripts gave birth to Khuda Baksh Oriental Public Library in Patna. * Dr. Rajendra Prasad - A close associate of Mahatma Gandhi and Jawahar Lal Nehru is the icon of Siwan. After independence, he became first president of India. * Maulana Mazharul Haque - Veteran mass leader and Symbol of Hindu -Muslim Unity during independence movement of India. * Shri Braj Kishore Prasad * Shri Phulena Prasad * Bhumitra Prasad Sharma alias 'Vaidya Jee' - Originally from Kanpur, UP was a close associate of Dr Rajendra Prasad. * Uma Kant Singh alias 'Raman jee' of Narendrapur achieved martyrdom on 9 August 1942 during the Quit India Movement. * Shri Zawwar Hussain-He was a freedom fighter and was imprisoned during the British Raj. belonging to the Zamindar Family of Haveli Hussaingang, he joined the Socialist party and later Congress and was the cabinet minister in State Govt form period of 1970-1978 as Finance, Education Road and transport etc. He was also the chairman of the education Committee for the improvement of the education syaytem in Bihar. he was also Vice Chancellor of Bihar and Magadh university. Doctor * Dr. Ashok Thakur * Dr. Arvind sinha (ultra sound specialist) * Dr. Pramod Kumar (Ultra Sound specialist) Advocate * Adv. B.B. Verma, * Adv. Maya Prasad, * Adv. Madan Kumar, * Adv. Srikant singh, * Adv. Lalan Singh, * Adv. Shri Babu, * Adv. Virendra Singh * Adv. Ghanshyam Prasad S Technologist/Engineer:

* Satyendra Dubey:- Though Siwan has given the nation many engineers but nobody in recent history could make an impact on the society as Satyendra. He was a true national hero as he exposed the corruption in the Highway projects among the Officers and Contractors. He was killed in the process, but his cause was highlighted allover the Country. He once believed that the era of robbing the citizens in the name of taxes and giving them to the hands of goons and criminals will no more be acceptable. Siwan is proud of Satyendra Ji * Azad Ansari staying in the pakawalia village,Post:Machakana,via-Hussainganj,Police Stn.: Aanar,Dist:Siwan-841237,works on Embedded System acquired through software design and development, hardware, simulation and modeling, front end development and calibration. Literary * Allama Jamil Mazhari,Renowned Urdu scholar. * Padma Shri Prof. Hasan Askari, Historian. * Paigham Afaqui, Urdu novelist. His novel Makaan is a landmark in Urdu literature. His other books Mafia, a collection of short stories and Darinda (collection of poems) are important contributions to Urdu Literature. * Sant Kumar Verma : His books were, 'Babu' first biography on Dr. Rajrndra Prasad. Ghag aur Unki Kahawatein, and many more books and stories in Bhojpuri * Baidyanath Pandey: "Rayees". The name "Rayees" was the love of Siwan which was been honored to Baidyanth Pandey.The legendary personality who ware always there to needy persons.He belong to Zamindar gharana where there was no lack of wealth.He contributed with his life to provide a better future for the people of Siwan. Some footmarks are still foundable in the form of "Baidyanath Pandey Sanskrit Mahavidyalay" an institute which is dedicated for Sanskrit Study affilited from "Darbhanga University" Wrestlers * Mohammad Alamgir (Kapia Hatta) * M Shakil Khan (20082010) * Sheo Shankar Yadav (Ramgarh) * Sheo Nath Mehto (Ustaad) (Nagai) * Mohammed Tawheed Siddiqui (Heyatpur village) * Shaikh Mohibul Hasan Siddiqi [DHOBI MASTAAN ] Of HATHOURA * Shaikh Mohammad Israil Siddiqui [DADA] of HATHOURA Teacher * Mr.S C Srivastava, * Shri RajBalabh Singh,(Retd.Teacher) President Award winning teacher from Basantpur block,District-Siwan * Miss Rehana Begum(B.A.& B.Ed) of Village: Pakawalia, Post:Machakana,viaHussainganj, Police Stn.:Aanar,Dist:Siwan-841237(Bihar). Journalist * mr. Shubhendu Srivastav, TV Journalist(active in national media). subhampoliticalview.blogspot.com

Tourism * Don: The Don village under Darauli block has remnants of a fort which is said to be connected with the famous Acharya Dronacharya, the guru of both Kaurav's and Pandav's. Dona's stupa is a lesser-known but popular Buddhist pilgrimage site, despite its isolated location. The Buddhist traveler Hiuen Tsang mentions a visit to Don in his account of his travels in India. He describes the stupa as being in ruins. The account of Dona's distribution of Buddha's ashes and being given the vessel is a mentioned in the end of the Mahaparinibbana Sutta, which is described in Maurice Walsh's The Long Discourses. Presently Dona's stupa is a grassy hill and has a Hindu temple built over it. Nearby is an exceptionally beautiful statue of Tara now being worshipped as a Hindu goddess. This statue was carved in the 9th century A.D. After the Buddha's cremation a dispute arose as to how his ashes should be divided. Eventually a Brahmin named Dona was given the task and he did it to the satisfaction of all the eight claimants. As a reward for his services, he was given the vessel in which the ashes had been collected and from which he had divided and he announced that he would enshrine this vessel in a stupa. This stupa later became a popular destination with pilgrims. When Hiuen Tsiang went there it was already in ruins but it still sometimes emitted a brilliant light. Don can be visited by road from Siwan, a major railway station on Gorakhpur Guwahati route. Private vehicle is advised, as road condition beyond Siwan is very bad. Alternatively, this place can be visited by road in a day trip from Kusinara via Gopalganj. * Mehandar: Mehandar (near by Birti village) is in Siswan Blcok has beautiful temples of Lord Shiva & Lord Vishwakarma. The place is visited not only by the people of the locality on the Shivaratri day & Vishwakarma Puja but also by the all over places. It is known for its temple and a pond scatted over an area of more than 500 bighas. It is said that one Nepal king built these and took his bath in the pond and got his leprosy cured. * Amarpur: Amarpur village is situated at 3 km. West of Darauli. Ruins of the mosque of red bricks are still available in this village on the bank of river Ghaghara. This mosque was built during the reign of Mughal Emperor Shahjahan (16261658) under the supervision of the Naib Amar Singh but the work was left incomplete. The village derived its name from the builder of the mosque Amar Singh. * Mahpur: Shaheed Baba Ki Mazar, Purab Tola Bazar, Mahpur settled on a planned way on the banks of River DAHA. * Faridpur: Situated just near Andar, Faridpur is the birthplace of Maulana Mazharul Haque who played an important role during the freedom movement. Sadaquat Ashram in Patna originally belonged to him. He was a symbol of Hindu Muslim unity during freedom movement of India. * Hussain Ganj:9 KM form Siwan, this is a historical resattlements of the Zamindars who escaped from the British annexures from Banda Dist(UP) to Hussianganj. settled on a planned way on the banks of River Gandak. The haveli which is a mini fortess like with its mediaeval construction using red bricks(Lahori Bricks) and massive walls and Structure is maintaind till date by its inhabitants.

* Darauli: A block headquarter now is said to be have been founded after the name of Dara Shikoh the elder son of the Emperor Shahjahan. Its name was Daras Ali, which later on was changed into Darauli. There is reminiscence of Mughal period ruins where a big mela is held every year on the Kartik Purnima. * Hasanpura: It is a village in the Hussainganj block. It is said that Makhdum Sayyad Hasan Chisti, a saint who came from Arabia to India and settled here, found it. He founded a Khankhah too. * Lakri Dargah: It is the place of pilgrimage for the Mohammedans. The village is so called because it contains the tomb (Dargah) of a Mohammedan saint, Shah Arjan of Patria, in which there is some good woodwork. The story runs that the saint, attracted by the solitude of the place, performed a Chila here, i.e., gave himself up to religious contemplation for 40 days. He also set up a religious establishment, which was endowed by the Emperor Aurangzeb. The anniversary of the saint's death is celebrated the 11th of Rabi-us-sani every year which attracts a large crowd. * Mairwa Dham: A block headquarters now, there is a celebrated Brahma Asthan, locally known as Hari Baba ka Asthan, the shrine having been built over the relics of the saint. There is also a mound called Chananriyam Dih from an Ahirni woman who is now worshipped in a shed built in front of the Dak bungalow, which occupies the top of the mound. The shrine is on the bank of the Jharhi River and fairs are held in Kartik and Chaitra months. There is also a leper home at Mairwa known as Kustha Sevasram, which is doing useful work. * Ziradei: It is a village in the Hussainganj Block. Dr. Rajendra Prasad, the first President of the Indian Republic, belonged to this village. * Maharajganj: A block headquarters now, it was also called Basnauli Gangar. It is the largest bazaar in the district. This was the place where great hero of Indian Independence Movement, Shri Phulena Prasad centralised his activity and fought against the British. * Bhikhabandh: A village in Maharajganj Block, there is a big tree under the shade of which Bhaiya-Bahini temple is situated. The story runs that these brother and sister fought Mughal sepoys in the 14th century and died here in course of fighting. * Famous shrines of Siwan Town: Baba Ajagaib peer, Hussain ka karbala, kali Mandir, Mehendra Nath mandir, * Bagaura: Bagaura is village in Darundha police station were encestor of Shri Koslendra Prasad Sahi ruled from centuries. * PIYAUR:Piyaur is situated at a distance of 16 km.south of Siwan. This place is located on the bank of river Daha and comes under Raghunathpur constituency.Piyaur has its own panchayat which includes Deipur,Basantnagar,Jhaua,Kabilpura and Ujraha. According to Census 2001,TRU is Rural,total population is 3054.Census Village Code is 01665700.Piyaur's anchal karyalaya(Block) has been changed from Hussaingunj to Hassanpura.Now the block is Hassanpura and police station is M.H.Nagar(Mazhar-ul haque Nagar)Hassanpura.Mahatma Gandhi said,"India is a country of villages,one needs to see our country,visit to a village of this country".To my mind,Piyaur has become a bright dream of

M.K.Gandhi.Indeed,Piyaur is being to be an ideal village and progressing by leaps and bounds.This village is known for their literacy rate growth. Piyaur has generated a number of persons who have been living abroad such as Canada, London, Iran, Kuwait, UAE and KSA etc.(Written by M.Minhajuddin). * Bilashpur...Bilashpur is 16 km west far Siwan and 2.5 km east to Mairwa Dham. Near by railway line.*CKANIL* * Khalispur-A village,5 km from siwan town, must to visit. There is a very long minaret(13floor height), fully covered with tiles, and that village is having all facilities and maintain all standard which a small city possess. * punak The first Indian chief engineer of bihar's native village punak is one of educated and developed village of siwan district. * Pachlakhi:It is the birth place of Phulena Prasad and situated 10 KM far from the district headquarter * Nadiyon:It is a village known for lala kamala laal, a renowed zamindar of British later came to support of Indian movement.he is also known for his quarrel with benipuri and rahul sanskrityan * Bhawrajpur:It is panchayat under Ander block,this village is Famous for the temple of Goddess Kali,LORD Shiv & Lord Hanuman ,Lord KEshavNath Brahma.The story runs in this area that any body who goes in thease temple for worship with some wish god Fullfill that man wish( ) . This village is also marketing place for neighbouring village.other village pepole use to come here for marketing.lot of pepole of this village are staying in U.A.E,IRAK (More Details www.atozsiwan.blogspot.com. Sarari: It is the place of pilgrimage for the Hindus.where a big mela is held every year on the Dashhara (Navratra).which attracts a large crowd. and big mela is held every Friday (Mohammad Alamgir, Kapia Hatta. * Ukareri it village near 1k.m. from ghaghra river.a big fair every year organise in this village after seven days of dipawali.this fair called name is 'chhath pooja'.it is very big festival of north-east women. Narhan: It is situated in southern part of Siwan near bank of Ghaghra River(30KM from Siwan city). It's a hindu pilgrim place.Peoples come here for holy bath in Ghaghra river on Kartik Purnima, Makar sakranti, Mauni Amavasya & worship in various holy temples. On this occasions a big fair has organised which attarcts a big crowd. Some famous temples are Shree Nath Ji Maharaj Temple, Maa Bhagwati Temple, Ram Janki Temple, Maa Kali Temple & Thakur Ji Temple which has surrounded all parts of this village. It is also famous for great Joloos Samaroh which organised by local people after Durga Puja (VijayaDasmi)on ashwin purnima. Education Colleges: 1.DAV College (under J.P. University), 2.Z A Islamia College 3.Daroga Rai College 4.VidyaBahwan(for women)

Medical Colleges 1.Unani Medical College and Hospital 2. Dayanand Ayurvedic Medical College 3.Siwan Homeopathic Medical College Engineering College 1.Siwan Engineering and Technology Institute Schools: 1.DAV High School Siwan 2.Z a Islamiya high School Siwan 3.M.S.V.M.School Siwan 4.Maghar High School 5.Basantpur high School 6.Vatayan School 7.Donbasco School 8.D.A.V.Public School,kabir math kandhwara,siwan 9.D.A.V. Public School,gaushala road,siwan 10.Delhi Public School,siwan Best places * Best Places: 1.Shanti but briksh,siwan 2.sonar toli chowk,siwan 3.purani bajaji,siwan 4.hafizy chowk,siwan 5.badi masjid,siwan 6.hanuman mandir,shukla toli 7.kachhari mandir,siwan 8.town hall,siwan 10.ekta indoor stadium,siwan 11.rajendra stadium siwan 12.babuniya more,siwan 13.darbar cinema 14.Krishna cinema,siwan Shops 1.Kumar Sweets 2.vishal mega mart 3.swarn mandir jewellers,siwan 4.Fashion house 5.Photo Gallery 6.Apoorva sweets 7.kalkatta nursing home 8.Jain sweets

9.kanak mandir 10.jhon dresses 11.Amrapali hotel 12.Jipsey Caf Maharajganj Maharajganj is a city and a notified area in Siwan district in the Indian state of Bihar. Maharajganj is also a city and district in Uttar Pradesh state in India Geography Maharajganj is located at 260627N 843009E / 26.1075N 84.5025E / 26.1075; 84.5025.[1] It has an average elevation of 66 metres (216 feet). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Maharajganj had a population of 20,878. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Maharajganj has an average literacy rate of 50%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 61%, and female literacy is 40%. In Maharajganj, 19% of the population is under 6 years of age. Mairwa Mairwa is a city and a notified area in Siwan district in the Indian state of Bihar. Mairwa is just 10 km west to the Birthplace of the first President of India, Dr. Rajendra Prasad. One of the most popular places of Mairwa is the Hari Ram temple. In addition to this two villages which is very near to Mairwa is of great historical importance one is done and the other is Kanhauli as the name suggests Done which is originated from the word Drona is considered to be the birth place of the Dronacharya the famous guru of the Pandava's and the Kaurava's during the Mahabharata time and Kanhauli was earlier named as kanhaiya wali baawali (small pond) and as time passed this village got its present name the people of this area tells that during Mahabharata when lord Krishna was coming to join the battle his army halted at this place and found themselves into great danger as there was no water and the army started dehydrating but lord Krishna came to there rescue and ordered them to dig a small pond and to there surprise the army got water just after digging a small pond, today also in the south of this village there is a small area known as Taal(pond)and this is the only place which is considered as that kanhaiya wali baawali. Geography Mairwa, situated in the western part of the State, was originally a block of Siwan District, which in ancient days formed a part of Kosala Kingdom. which is geographically situated at 2535 North and 841 to 8420 east. Mairwa is bounded on the east by the Siwan district head quarter, on the north by Gopalganj district and on the west and south by two districts of U.P. viz. Deoria and Balia respectively. East Champaran East Champaran (Hindi: , Urdu: Mariq apra Zil) is an administrative district in the state of Bihar in India. The district headquarters are

located at Motihari. The district occupies an area of 3969 km2 and has a population of 3,933,636 (as of 2001[update]). East Champaran is a part of Tirhut Division. Contents * 1 Places of interest in East Champaran * 2 Notable personalities Places of interest in East Champaran Mehsi is an entry point of East Champaran if you are travelling from Patna, Muzaffarpur to Raxaul, connected both by railway and roadway. This small community has a number of places of interest at the east side of railway station. These include Mirza Halim Shah mosque, dargah, a very old library 'Nagrik Pustakalaya', an old High School (Tirhut Vidyalaya) of the English period, orchards of lichi and mangoes and other places of interest. There are many button factories, a small scale industry, although most of the people depend upon agriculture and commerce. Mehsi was the birthplace of the writer and intellectual, Rajkamal Chaudhary. The last sentence about the birth place of Rajkamal Chaudhary is not at Mehsi of District East Champaran, but it is at Saharsa district of Bihar. The mazar of Hazrat Maulana Mohammad Abdul Aziz is in the Kodaria village, Post: Kodaria, via Phenhara. He is a very powerful saint of Awaisiya silsila. His Urs is celebrated every year on 11th and 12th Fasli Vaishakha (according to the Hindu calendar). On the evening of 11th Fasli Vaishakha, there is a Miladun Nabi after the Magrib nimaz, then Salat-o-Salam and dua. On the 12th Fasli Vaishakha at 10:30 am, the chaders are taken from his room, where he died, to his Mazar Sharief. Then there is Chader Poshi and Milad-eNabi. After Milad there happens Salat-o-salam and dua. After dua, a lunch for all the devotees. Phenhara is a small town in this district. It has a very old middle school, which was established before 1930. Mahatma Gandhi once visited this place. Phenhara provides an example of Hindu and Muslim unity. Phenhara is a well educated and politically aware town. This town has a sangam of Middle School, H F High School and Madrasa Islamia. Kesariya is in the south eastern portion of the district. It is the location of the Kesariya Stupa, locally known as Deura, one of oldest stupas. Dhaka is one of the towns in the district. Siraunais a village of East Champaran. Kasturba Gandhi once visited here to teach the people the basic educational concepts of Mahatma Gandhi. Raxaul is a major town in the district of East Champaran. It is the border town of India with Nepal. This town is known as the Gate way to Nepal. It is connected by NH28A and is 32 km away from Chhapawa (on NH28A), 52 km from Motihari (the District Town) and 60 km from Bettiah - the District town of West Champaran. Now this town has been made the Subdivisional town under the District of East Chaparan. Manjur Alam the famous advocate of Madras High Court, who studied at Eton College England is from Raxaul town. Birganj - the Second Big City of Nepal is just 3 km away from this town. Adapur is a famous town with Police Station, Block, Prakhand and Railway Station of same name. It is located on the northern tip of East Champaran district bordering Nepal and is situated at a distance of 13 km by rail from Raxaul.

Lauria is a popular historical place, the site of a great Ashokan pillar. It has a reputation as the place of the world's first democracy[who?], which we know as Luchhawi Ganrajay. NGO in Motihari "KHWAB FOUNDATION" Notable personalities * Madhurendra Kumar Singh (Congress Leader) * Suresh Kumar Mishra (Congress Leader) * Radhamohan Singh (B.J.P Leader) George Orwell, a great writer was also born in the district headquarter, in 1903. There are many developed village in motihari district.DUDHIYAWA SAREYA(OJHA TOLA) is one of the developed village in motihari. Areraj Areraj (Hindi: ) is a town and a notified area in East Champaran district in the state of Bihar, India. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 Demographics * 3 Education * 4 Notable people * 5 Places of interest Geography Areraj is located at 263301N 844048E / 26.55031N 84.68013E / 26.55031; 84.68013 Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Areraj had a population of 20,245 with males constituting 52% of the population and females 48%. Areraj has an average literacy rate of 45%, lower than the national average of 59.5%; with 64% of males and 36% of females literate. 20% of the population is under 6 years of age. Education Areraj is the educational hub in the East Champaran. This town is a mini BHU in Bihar. One can can can Middle School, High School, Sanskrit College and Degree college with a Saraswati temple in the same campus. A famous play ground is available which is the centre of all these educational institution. Instead of a poor maintenance it has not lost its importance. If you come to Arera j dont forget to have a look of this unique spot. There are a dozen of private educational institutes are available in this small town. One of them is Rashtra Bharti Avasiya Vidyalay which was started on 2nd October 1986. Sri Rama Shankar Pandey is the Co- founder of this excellent institute. He is a well reputed person. He has contributed more and more for the Department of Education in Bihar Government. After retirement he established this School and still contributing much more than his last professional job. This school is unique because of its own rules and regulations.This school got the more importance due to its locality. School was started in this location by the respected director

due to its historical importance. Our one of great Ashoka pillar is behind of this school. Ashoka pillar is the symbol of the strength and this school has contributed and still my school is contributing in national strength. Notable people Ramarshi Dev Trivedi (190576). He is one of the most renowned freedom fighter of Champaran. He was nicknamed as "RUKHIJI"- 'a squirrel' because Britishers could not catch him and he would flee away after executing his task during the freedom struggle. A special task force was formed by the Britishers to arrest him. He was later arrested and was sentenced 58 years of imprisonment but spent only 8.5 years in jail during the national freedom movement because India got independence.He was also given KALA-PANI jail, but before his departure to Andaman India got freedom. Post independence he ran Khadi Gramudyog (a small khadi industry). He donated all his property for land reform movement carried by Vinoba Bhave and refused to take pensioner pass (A pass given to all national freedom fighter) because he believed that he had not participated in the freedom struggle for personal gain. He died in 1976. Places of interest Areraj is a holy city of North Bihar which is 28 km. south West of Motihari, The district headquarters and the nearest railway station, linked with a double length road now designated a state highway. The Someshwar Nath Shiv Temple attracts lakhs of pilgrims from other districts as well as Nepal on the occasion of Shrawani Mela (During July-August) and is enshrined to Shiva as the presiding deity. Chakia Chakia is one of the important and commercial towns and a Nagar Panchayat in Purbi Champaran district in the state of Bihar, India. The associate post office is called Barachakia, Pin Code 845412. It is served by a broad gauge train. The Sugar cane mill is now defunct. The railway station is called Chakia. It is also the closest railway station to Kesaria Stupa, a Buddhist pilgrimage site. Contents * 1 River * 2 Demographics * 3 Buddhist tourism River This town has a river Budhi Gandak flowing by it.Budhi Gandak is branch of Gandak. chakia is sub divisional headquarter town and also block headquarter. During the British rule the champaran sugar mill was founded in 1905, right now the sugar factory is closed since 1995. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[1], Chakia had a population of 16,618. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Chakia has an average literacy rate of 51%, lower

than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 60% and female literacy of 40%. 20% of the population is under 6 years of age. Buddhist tourism Kesaria Stupa This Buddhist stupa is the largest in the world, with a height of 104 ft. Kesaria is located at a distance of 110 km from Patna, in the Champaran (east) district of Bihar. You can reach here by flying to Patna, & driving for another 34 hours from there. Alternatively, you can take a direct train "SaptKranti Express" to Chakia, from Delhi\New Delhi, & drive a 30 minutes further. Dhaka, East Champaran Dhaka is a town and a notified area in the district of East Champaran in the state of Bihar, India. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 Demographics * 3 Education * 4 Notable people * 5 Politics Geography Dhaka is located at 2641N 8510E / 26.68N 85.17E / 26.68; 85.17[1]. It has an average elevation of 55 metres (180 feet). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[2], Dhaka had a population of 32,618. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Dhaka has an average literacy rate of 38%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 47% and, female literacy is 28%. In Dhaka, 20% of the population is under 6 years of age. Education Mahatma Gandhi Antrastriya Vidyapith is located at Sri Krishna Nagar Motihari. Notable people Madhurendra Kumar Singh Senior Congress Leader, Member A.I.C.C,a dedicated Congressman from Bihar. * Madhurendra Kumar Singh [Congress Leader] * Sitaram Singh [R.J.D.Leader] * Raghunath Jha [R.J.D.Leader] * Late Motiur Rahman [R.J.D.Leader] * Mrigendra Kumar Singh [Youth Congress Leader] * Faisal Rahman [J.D-U Leader] Politics Dhaka is part of Sheohar Parliamentary Constituency and is itself an Assembly Constituency,leaders such as [1] Late Ram Dulari Sinha,[2] Late Thakur Jugal Kishore Sinha and currently their son Prof. Madhurendra Kumar Singh who is leader of the Congress party has an influence in this area, and he is the face of Congress Party in this and adjoining areas.

Mrigendra Kumar Singh (Youth Congress Leader) and Faisal Rahman (Youth J D-U Leader), both are the future of this Constituency and Bihar.They have the potential of becoming great leaders of the future. Faisal Rehman at such a young age became the President of youth wing of J D-U and on the other hand Mrigendra Kumar Singh President, Sheohar L.Y.C is the future of Sheohar Lok-Sabha Constituency. Nek mohammad (mukhiya) the other old congress party worker last 20 year,a devoted worker of congress party in dhaka. Lauthaha Lauthaha (Hindi: ) is a city and a notified area in Purba Champaran district in the Indian state of Bihar. Geography Lauthaha is located at 263747N 845435E / 26.62961N 84.90964E / 26.62961; 84.90964 Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[1], Lauthaha had a population of 7744. Males constitute 63% of the population and females 37%. Lauthaha has an average literacy rate of 75%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 78%, and female literacy is 70%. In Lauthaha, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age. Motihari Motihari (Hindi: ) is the headquarters of East Champaran district (Purvi Champaran district) in the Indian state of Bihar. Contents * 1 History * 2 Geography * 3 Demographics * 4 Cultural heritage o 4.1 Bhojpuri and Hindi o 4.2 Tallest Buddha Stupa in the world * 5 Mahatma Gandhi and Motihari * 6 Noted personalities of Motihari o 6.1 Ramarshi Deo Trivedi 'Rishi ji' o 6.2 George Orwell o 6.3 Azizul Haque and Fingerprint Science * 7 Education o 7.1 R.N.M. Ayurved College o 7.2 Dhanwantari Ayurved Bhawan o 7.3 M. S. College o 7.4 Dr. S. P.Singh College of Teacher Education * 8 Heritage History

In 1866 Champaran was made into a district with Motihari as its headquarters. On 1 December 1977 the Champaran district was divided into two and Motihari became the headquarters of East Champaran district. The municipality of Motihari was established in 1879. Though no authentic data is available, one of the oldest structures in Motihari appears to be the Briksha Sthan Math, a temple of the guardian deity of Motihari, dating back to 1805. During the British era the town flourished and it became one of the important centers in North Bihar. To know more about Motihari, go to ApnaMotihari.com Geography Motihari is around 165 km from Patna, the capital of Bihar, 50 km from Bettiah, and 82 km from Muzaffarpur. The city is very close to Nepal. Birgunj, the second largest city of Nepal, is 55 km away. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[1], Motihari has a population of 101,506 with 54% males, 46% females, and 15% of the population is under 6 years of age. Motihari has an average literacy rate of 69%, higher than the Indian national average of 59.5%. Cultural heritage Bhojpuri and Hindi The languages of Motihari are Bhojpuri and Hindi. Bhojpuri is one of the oldest languages of India.[citation needed] but some part of the disdrict like Jihuli & Police Station Patahi areas use Vajjika. Maithili is also spoken in few districts. Tallest Buddha Stupa in the world Motihari is reported[who?] to have the tallest and the largest Buddhist stupa in the world, following its discovery in 1998 through excavation by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI). Rising to a height of 104 feet, and much reduced from its reported original height, it is still one foot taller than the famous Borobudur stupa in Java. The Kesaria stupa is located near the town of Kesaria, 120 km from Patna, capital of Bihar. According to the National Informatics Centre of East Champaran (Motihari), the Kesaria stupa was 123 feet tall before the 1934 earthquake in Bihar. Originally the Kesaria stupa was reported to have been 150 feet tall, 12 feet taller than the Borobodur stupa, which is 138 feet, according to the A.S.I. report. At present Kesaria stupa is 104 feet and Borobodur stupa is 103 feet. The height of Sanchi stupa, a world heritage site, is only 77.5 feet. Legend states that Buddha, on his last Journey, is reported to have spent a memorable night at Kesaria. Mahatma Gandhi and Motihari Motihari was the place where Mahatma Gandhi started his 'Satyagrah' (Quest/Search for Truth). According to the All India Congress Committee (AICC) ([2], the farmers of Champaran were forced to sow Opium and/or Indigo on a certain portion of their farm plots. They then had to sell the same at a fixed price to the English Traders/Planters. This would cause losses and subsequent hardships to farmers.[3] Furthermore, these crops would render the soil infertile and further increase the woes of the helpless farmers.[4][5]

Raj Kumar Shukla, a farmer in the region, invited Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (who had only recently returned from South Africa) to come help them in their plight. Thus, Mahatma Gandhi decided to come to Motihari. On 10 April 1917, the AICC report states that "a large crowd of people of Champaran witnessed the greatest architect of Indian Freedom Struggle in Motihari." The British, fearing unrest, ordered him to leave the district. His refusal to do the same led to his arrest. He was offered bail on the condition that he would leave the district. Gandhi reportedly refused to leave the district or put up bail. In his statement to the Court Gandhi reportedly said, "As a law-abiding citizen my first instinct would be, as it was, to obey the order served upon me. But I could not do so without doing violence to my sense of duty to those for whom I came. I feel that I could just now serve them by remaining in their midst. I could not therefore voluntarily retire. Amidst this conflict of duty I could only throw the responsibility of removing me from on the administration". Subsequently, when mass disapproval of his arrest became evident, he was released. A museum and a stone pillar have been laid down in the memory of Mahatma Gandhi's presence in Motihari. It also contains Gandhiji's courageous statement given before the Magistrate inscribed on a stone. According to Sri Chandra Bhusahan Pandey, National Informatics Center: East Champaran, Motihari, "The foundation stone of this Gandhi memorial pillar was laid on June 10, 1972 by the then Governor, Mr. D.K.Barooch, and it was dedicated to the nation by Mr. Vidyakar Kavi, a grandson, on 18 April 1978.... The 48 foot long Chunar stone pillar stands exactly on the place where Mahatma Gandhi was produced before the court of the then S.D.M., Motihari in violation of orders under section 144 Cr. P. C. as far back as April 18, 1917. Mahatma Gandhi first Satyagrah was experimented on this soil of Motihari in Champaran and so Champaran has been starting point of Indias independence movement launched by Gandhi ji." Ramarshi Deo Trivedi "Rishi Ji" [1900-1976] from Mamarkha (8 km from Areraj) became influenced by Gandhiji. When Gandhiji left for the national movement, Ramarshi Dev Trivedi continued the freedom movement in Champaran. Noted personalities of Motihari Abenezer Inder " " Abenezer Inder is an indian film maker[screen & dialogue writer-editor-Director]he is a associate member of Western India Film Producers Association,Mumbai,India & proprietor of various film banner "God creations".Champaran Motihari is a petarnal home of Abenezer Inder,presently he is working in a film project CHUNAAV.these film is based on 1970's JP Aandolan,India Ramarshi Deo Trivedi 'Rishi ji' Rishi ji was one of the most renowned freedom fighters of Bihar. He was a very close associate of Dr. Rajendra Prasad and Vinoba Bhave, who addressed him as 'Rishi ji'. He was also known as Badshah as he established a parallel government in Champaran which was known as Badshah ki Sarkar. A special task force was formed by the Britishers to arrest him. He was arrested in 1942 and was sentenced 58 years of imprisonment. He was released in 1947, after independence, and later he spent his days in his Ashram in Malaahi where he ran

a Khadi Gramudyog (A small industry). He donated all his property for land reform movement "Bhoodan Movement" carried by Vinoba Bhave and refused to take pensioner pass (A pass given to all national freedom fighter) because he believed that he had not participated in the freedom struggle for personal gain. He died in 1976. George Orwell George Orwell George Orwell, author of books Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four, was born in Motihari in 1903. His father Richard Walmesley Blair was a deputy posted in the opium department in Bihar. However, when he was one year old, George left for England with his mother and sister. Until recently, the town of Motihari was largely unaware of its connection to Orwell. In 2003, Motihari discovered its role in Orwell's life when a number of journalists arrived in the city for Orwell's hundredth birthday. Local officials are making plans for the construction of a museum on Orwell's life.[6][7] Azizul Haque and Fingerprint Science Azizul Haque (Khan Bahadur Azizul Huq) was one of the two Indian police officers who worked with Edward Henry in the development of fingerprint classification, known as Henry Classification System, still widely used in the world. "It was Khan Bahadur Azizul Huq who evolved a mathematical formula to supplement Henry's idea of sorting slips in 1024 pigeon holes, based on fingerprint patterns. Rai Bahadur Hem Chandra Bose made further contribution to the fingerprint science by evolving an extended system of subclassificaiton, a telegraphic code for finger impression and a system of single-digit classificaiton.[8] Both Haque and Bose eventually received honoraria and recognition from the Government of India. At the time of final approval of the honorarium for Haque, the Home Department (Government of India) noted, "It appears from the information now received that he (Haque) was Sir Edward Henry's principal helper in perfecting the scheme and he actually himself devised the method of classification which is in universal use. He thus contributed most materially to a discovery which is of worldwide importance and has brought a great credit to the police of India.[9] Upon retirement from the Police service in Bengal and Bihar, Khan Bahadur Azizul Huq settled in Motihari, and he is buried there. Education Motihari has many educational institutions like Munshi Singh mahavidyalaya affiliated to B.R.A.Bihar University one of the oldest degree college in champaran which was used as jail in the British rule, Zila Government School is one of the best and oldest secondary high schools of Bihar and was established in 1911 by British government. Other notable schools are Mangal Seminary (1927), Gopal Sah Vidyalaya (1918), M.J.K. Girls High School, Gopal sah Vidyalay ( previously this was Hakok academy in this hostel Goerge orwell bornt). There are also several colleges for higher learning such as Mahila College (college for females), S.N.S. College, L.N.D. College, K.T.College near Singhiya gumti. All are affiliated to B.R.A.B.U. an engineering college named as Motihari Engineering College was esablished by Bihar Government as well as College of Ayurvedic and Unani Medicine

(Homeopathy Medical Collge, Motihari) is also there to provide medical education. Many people from Bihar and India attend these educational institutions. R.N.M. Ayurved College Ravindra Nath Mukharjee Ayurved Mahavidyalaya, the second oldest medical college in Bihar, was established in 1955. This College is under Baba Saheb Bhim Rao Ambedkar Bihar University and recognised by CCIM (Central Council of Indian Medicine). Dhanwantari Ayurved Bhawan Dhanwantari Ayurved Bhawan, an ayurvedic medicine manufacturing company on the karma bhumi of Rashtra Pita Mahatma Gandhi. This group has been serving ayurveda science 1978, started in guidance of Dr. K. M. Jha M.D. (Ay.) B. H. U. M. S. College This is one of the oldest college of Motihari. It is on the name of freedom fighter Shri Munshi Singh. It comes under Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar University, MUZZAFARPUR. Along it there are five more colleges in this town. The present college building was a jail earlier but converted to college in 1948. There are several industries in Motihari sub-division, which comprise of small-scale industries such as a paper plant factory, a sugar mill, and some other small-scale industries. In a recent development a Sugar factory is under development in sariyatpur which will produce sugar, ethanol & power in several Megawatt, Motiharis sugar mill is considered to be one of the biggest in Bihar. Motihari is well connected by road and rail. The local railway station there is Bapudham Motihari which is connected to all metropolliton cities and national capital with trains. With educational institutions, mills and factories, and historical sites like Gandhi Sangrahalaya, jheel, Gandhi maidan, and natural scenery of the surrounding country side bordering the foothills of the Himalayan range, Motihari is an attractive place for people to live, work, attend educational institutions, and it is also a delightful place for visiting. In surrounding villages of Motihari, most people's livelihood depends on agriculture and dairy. Motihari area is also famous for its Litchi fruit and Mitha Alua (sweet potato). Dr. S. P.Singh College of Teacher Education This college is recognised by NCTE in Oct'2009 to run a B.Ed. Course with an annual intake of 100 students. It is affiliated to Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar University, MUZZAFARPUR. It is the only college in this town for B.Ed. Course. www.drspsinghcollege.com Heritage * Someshwar Nath Temple o Location-Areraj, Motihari o It is one of the oldest temples in Hindu mythology and its importance can be seen in the holy month of sawan. * Kesariya Stupa o Largest Buddhist Stupa in the world located in kesariya. * Gandhi Sangrahalaya o Location-Motihari near Town thana * Jheel-also known as Motijheel

o Location-Motihari o It divides the city in two parts. * Motihai Civil Court o Location-Motihari * M.S.(Munsi Singh)College o Location-Motihari * S.N.S.(Shri Krishna Narayan Singh)College o Location-Motihari * Libraries o Urdu Library + Location-Motihari + It is one of the oldest libraries from the British rule * Navyuvak Pustakalaya o Location-Motihari Gaytri Mandir Location- Motihari Raxaul Raxaul (Hindi: ) or Raxaul is a sub-divisional town in the East Champaran district of the Indian state of Bihar. It is situated on the India-Nepal border with Birganj (in Nepal) on the other side of the border. Contents * 1 Demographics * 2 Places of interest o 2.1 Jama Masjid o 2.2 Sun Temple o 2.3 Border crossing to Nepal * 3 Transport o 3.1 Rail o 3.2 Roads o 3.3 Air * 4 Hospital * 5 Education * 6 Business * 7 Life Style Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[1], Raxaul Bazar had a population of 41,347. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Raxaul Bazar has an average literacy rate of 58%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 66%, and female literacy is 48%. In Raxaul Bazar, 18% of the population is under 6 years of age. Places of interest Jama Masjid

The Raxaul Jama Masjid is a very old mosque situated on the National Highway NO. NH28A beside the Raxaul Police Station. It is the central mosque of Raxaul sub-division. Hundreds of worshippers offer daily prayer in this mosque. On Fridays, the mosque is packed with devotees from all parts of the town. Sun Temple The Sun temple is a temple to the sun god, which is surrounded by water. It is near the police station, situated just beside the market.others temples like Mata Mandir, Ramjanki Mandir,Sato mai Mauje and Naga Math are also famous. a very well situated KALI MANDIR is also famous here from where we can see whole of raxaul.it is one of the biggest temple of RAXAUL. Border crossing to Nepal This is the only official international border crossing in India through which anyone can pass with no requirement for a visa or even a passport. But it's possible only for Indians and not for foreigners. Transport Rail Raxaul is connected to major Indian cities by rail. There are direct trains to Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Bengaluru, Indore, Bhopal, Jabalpur, Patna, Lucknow and many cities. One can reach Raxaul by train from Delhi by Satyagraha Express, Saptkranti Superfast or Sadbhavana Express. After the completion of the Darbhanga to Narkatiaganj broad gauge route under Unigauge, most trains from north-east states will run along the Raxaul route. Roads Raxaul is connected to major cities of India by National Highway no. 28A. The capital of Nepal, Kathmandu is connected through this highway. There is a new bus terminal, named the "Baba Bhim Rao Ambedkar Bus Terminal". Air There is a civilian airport which is not operational. Raxaul can be reached by flying to Birgunj. That airport is 27 km from Raxaul and has direct flights to Kathmandu. Hospital In Raxaul, The Duncan Hospital is the only secondary referral centre run by the voluntary sector for 3 districts in North Bihar (6 million people) and Southern Nepal (5 million people). The service priorities of the hospital are Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medicine, Surgery, Orthopedics, Pediatrics, Ophthalmology, Dentistry and Radiology. The Hospital was started by Dr. H. Cecil Duncan in 1930, and later set on its present course by Dr. Trevor Strong and his wife Patricia, establishing a fine surgical and obstetrical. The biggest Leprosy Hospital in Bihar is situated at Raxaul in Sunderpur Village. Little Flower Leprosy Hospital was started by Baba Christdas in the year 1981. Education Khemchand Tarachand College, recognized by Baba Bhim Rao Ambedkar University, Muzzafarpur is the only government recognized institution of higher learning in this region,

Now citizens of Raxaul are aware about the importance of study. Therefore some new English medium schools like DPS, GDS Academy, S.A.V.,K.H.W have been opened and S.V.M is also contributing with an Indian cultured education in Raxaul.Manjur Aalm, renowned advocate of Madras High Court and international scholar of Eton College, England, is from Raxaul. Manjur Alam is president of Human Rights Association and Chairman of Vision India 2047 Foundation.baby land academy is the one of oldest school of Raxaul(estb-1973)it is situated in koiriya tola. Hazarimahal High School which has given a number of scholars to Raxaul is situated in the heart of town. Business Nearly 60% people are depend upon Nepal, Mainly person does have their own shops with full of Nepalies customers, Transport business is also Life Style Life Style of Raxaul is Pretty good. Sugauli Sugauli is a city and a notified area in East Champaran district in the Indian state of Bihar. It is the setting for Rudyard Kipling's story "Rikki-Tikki-Tavi". Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[1], Sugauli had a population of 31,362. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Sugauli has an average literacy rate of 42%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 51%, and female literacy is 32%. In Sugauli, 20% of the population is under 6 years of age. Muzaffarpur district Muzaffarpur District (Hindi: , Urdu: ) is one of the thirtyseven districts of Bihar state, India, and Muzaffarpur town is the administrative headquarters of this district. Muzaffarpur district is a part of Tirhut Division. Muzaffarpur is one of the largest commercial and educational centres of North Bihar. It is famous for litchis which is a fruit famous for its juicy taste. Muzaffarpur is an administrative district in the state of Bihar in India. The district headquarters are located at Muzaffarpur. The district occupies an area of 3173 km and has a population of 3,743,836 (as of 2001). Mark Twain, while on way to Kathmandu, stayed in the local Muzaffarpur Club and relished this beautiful East Indian town. History Muzaffarpur district, The Land Of Leechi was created in 1875 for the sake of administrative convenience by splitting up the earlier district of Tirhut. The present district of Muzaffarpur came to its existence in the 18th century and named after Muzaffar Khan, an Amil (Revenue Officer) under British Dynasty. Purbi Champaran and Sitamarhi districts on North, on the South Vaishali and Saran districts, on the East Darbhanga and Samastipur districts and on the West Saran and Gopalganj districts surround Muzaffarpur. According to the mythological epic 'Ramayan' King Janak, the father of Sita ruled Videha, which is a traditional name for the entire region including eastern Nepal and northern Bihar.

Sitamarhi, a town in this region, ascribes to the Hindu mythological belief where, Sita (other name Vaidehi: The Princes of Videha) sprang to life out of an earthen pot while Rajarshi Janak was tilling the land. Sita was to become the wife of Lord Rama, the central figure in the Ramayan. As per recorded history the Vrijjan Republic was a confederation of eight clans of which the Licchavis were the most powerful and influential. Even the powerful kingdom of Magadh had to conclude matrimonial alliances in 519 B.C. with the neighboring estates of the Licchavis. Ajatashatru invaded Vaishali and extended his sway over Tirhut. It was at this time that Patliputra (the modern Patna) was founded at the village Patali on the banks of the sacred river Ganga and Ajatashatru built an invincible fortress to keep vigil over the Licchavis on the other side of the river. Ambarati, 40 km from Muzaffarpur is believed to be the village home of Amrapali, the famous Royal court dancer of Vaishali. Vaishali, a center of religious renaissance, Baso Kund, the birth place of Mahavir, the 24th Jain Tirthankar and a contemporary of Lord Buddha continue to attract visitors from across the international borders. From the visit of the Chinese traveller Hieuen Tsangs till the rise of the Pala Empire, Muzaffarpur was under the control of Harsha Vardhan. After 647 A.D. the district passed on to the local chiefs. In the 8th century A.D. the Pala kings continued to have their hold over Tirhut until 1019 A.D. Later Chedi kings of Central India ruled till they were replaced by the Sena dynasty in 11th century. Between 1210 & 1226, Ghais-u-ddin Iwaz, the ruler of Bengal, was the first Muslim invader of Tirhut. He, however, could not succeed in conquering the kingdom but extorted tributes. It was in 1323 that Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq established his control over the district. The history of Muzaffarpur will remain incomplete without a reference to the Simraon dynasty (in the north-east part of Champaran) and its founder Nanyupa Deva who extended his power over the whole of Mithila and Nepal. During the regime of Harasimha Deva, the last king of the dynasty, Tughlaq Shah invaded Tirhut in 1323 and gained control over the territory. Tughlaq Shah handed over the management of Tirhut to one Kameshwar Thakur. Thus, the sovereign power of Tirhut passed from the Hindu chiefs to the Muslims but the Hindu chief continued to enjoy complete autonomy. By the end of the 14th century, the whole of North Bihar including Tirhut passed on to the Rajahs of Jaunpur and remained under their control for nearly a century until defeated by Sikandar Lodi of Delhi. Meanwhile, Hussain Shah, the Nawab of Bengal, had become so powerful that he exercised his control over large tracts including Tirhut. The emperor of Delhi advanced against Hussain Shah in 1499 and got control over Tirhut after defeating its Raja. The power of the Nawabs of Bengal began to wane and with the decline and fall of Mahood Shah, north Bihar including Tirhut formed a part of the mighty Mughal Empire. Though Muzaffarpur with the entire north Bihar had been annexed yet the petty powerful chieftains continued to exercise effective control over this area till the days of

Daud Khan, the Nawab of Bengal. Daud Khan had his stronghold at Patna and Hajipur and after his fall a separate Subah of Bihar was constituted under the Mughal dynasty and Tirhut formed a part of it. The East India Company, after the battle of Buxar in 1764, controlled over whole of Bihar. The success of the insurgents at Delhi in 1857 caused grave concern to the English inhabitants in this district and revolutionary fervor began to permeate the entire district. In 1908 the young Bengali revolutionary, Khudi Ram Bose, an 18 year-old, was hanged for throwing the bomb at the carriage of Pringle Kennedy who was actually mistaken for Kingsford, the District Judge of Muzaffarpur. After Indian independence in 1947, a memorial to this Bose was constructed at Muzaffrapur. The visit of Mahatma Gandhi to Muzaffarpur district in December 1920 and again in January 1927 had political effect in arousing the people and the district continued to play a prominent role in the countrys freedom struggle. The significance of Muzaffarpur in Indian civilization arises out of its position on the frontier line between two most spiritual influences and is a meeting place of Hindu and Islamic culture and thoughts. Muzaffarpur fostered political leaders and statesmen alike among whom were Mahatma Gandhi, Dr. Rajendra Prasad, George Fernandis and Acharya Kriplani etc. The language of the region is Vajjika,-a close mix of Maithili and Bhojpuri. Coordinates: 2610N 8525E / 26.167N 85.417E / 26.167; 85.417 Influential Leaders * Rajni Ranjan Sahu [Senior Congress Leader] * Capt. Jaynarain Pd. Nishad [Present M.P] * Madhurendra Kumar Singh [Senior Congress Leader] * Amar Pandey [R.J.D Leader] * Vinita Vijay [Congress Leader] * Prof. Mahanth Shyam Sunder Das[Ex. MP,Member of Various Parliamentary Committee,Professor of Economics in L.S.College] Muzaffarpur (Hindi: , Urdu: About this sound pronunciation (helpinfo)) is a town in Muzaffarpur district in the Indian state of Bihar. It is the capital of the district. Muzaffarpur, famous for Shahi lychees,[1] is the largest city of northern Bihar. It is situated on the banks of the perennial Burhi Gandak River, which flows from the Himalayan foothills. Muzaffarpur is one of the many gateways to Nepal. Clothes and food-grains are traded between Nepal and Muzaffarpur. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 History * 3 Climate * 4 Economy * 5 Lichi * 6 Demographics

* 7 Cuisine * 8 Transit o 8.1 Railway o 8.2 BUS o 8.3 AIRPORT * 9 Education o 9.1 Institutions of Higher Education * 10 Prominent people of Muzaffarpur o 10.1 Politics o 10.2 Others * 11 References * 12 External links Geography Muzaffarpur is located at 2607N 8524E / 26.12N 85.4E / 26.12; 85.4.[2] The town lies in a highly active seismic zone of India. In the disastrous earthquake on 15 January 1934, much of the town suffered severe damage and many lives were lost.[3] It has an average elevation of 47 meters (154 feet). This saucer shaped, low-centered town lies on the great Indo-Gangetic plains of Bihar, over Himalayan silt and sand brought by the glaciers and rain-fed meandering rivers of the Himalayas. The soil of the town is highly fertile, well drained and sandy, white colored and very soft. The landscape is green all year round. The town is surrounded by the flood plain dotted with ponds and oxbow lakes, with sparkling sandy river banks and clean air and water. Numerous private fruit orchards and idyllic rivers are also nearby. The city has a water-table just 20 ft. below ground level. The city has a nonoperational civil Aerodrome, Patahi, belonging to the Airport Authority of Indiawhich is now somewhat damaged. Muzaffarpur now is a rapidly growing city. The growth in the last decade has been phenomenal, but a lot is yet to be done. Thousands of villagers migrated to this town from nearby villages in the rapid urbanization of post-independence India, but this has created serious law and order problems. The drainage system and garbage disposal system is disorderly and practically non-existent. The downtown areas of Muzaffarpur are Tilak Maidan Road, Kalyani and Saraiyagunj. These areas are densely populated with small shops selling a plethora of goods and services. Motijheel is the main shopping area. Chakkar Maidan has a small encampment of members of the Territorial Army [4] non-departmental unit 151 Inf Bn (TA) JAT. Muzaffarpur Town has ancient temples like Baba Garib Nath (Shiva Temple) [2], Chaturbhuj-sthan, Raj Rajeswar Devi Kali (Durga)build by darbhanga maharaj, Temple of Raj Darbhanga and Kalibari, the Kali temple. There are also several large and small places of worship of other religious communities like the Sikhs (Gurudwara at Ramna), Rama Krishna Ashram (in Bela Mithan Pura), Muslims (Badi Masjid at Company Bagh, Data Kambal Shah Mazaar near Purani Bazaar, Bada Imambara near Banaras Bank Chowk & Badi Karbala at Sariyagunj), Buddhists, Jains, Christians, and others. History

Main article: Muzaffarpur district Muzaffarpur district, The Land of Lychee, was created in 1875 for the sake of administrative convenience by splitting up the earlier district of Tirhut. The district is named after Muzaffar Khan, an Amil (Revenue Officer) under the Raj. It is bounded by the Purbi Champaran and Sitamarhi districts to the north, the Vaishali and Saran districts to the south, the Darbhanga and Samastipur districts to the east and the Saran and Gopalganj districts on the West. It has won international encomiums for its delicious Shahi Lychee and Chinese Lychee fruits. The recorded history of the district dates back to the rise of the Vrijjan Republic, when the center of political power shifted from Mithila to Vaishali. The Vrijjan Republic was a confederation of eight clans of which the Licchavis were the most powerful and influential. Even the powerful kingdom of Magadh had to conclude matrimonial alliances in 519 B.C. with the neighboring estates of the Licchavis. Ajatshatru invaded Vaishali and extended his sway over Tirhut. It was at this time that Patliputra (the modern Patna) was founded at the village Patali on the banks of the sacred Ganges river, and Ajatshatru built an invincible fortress to keep vigil over the Licchavis on the other side of the river. Ambarati, 40 km from Muzaffarpur is believed to be the village home of Amrapali, the famous Royal court dancer of Vaishali. From the visit of the Hieuen Tsang until the rise of the Pala dynasty, Muzaffarpur was under the control of Maharaja Harsha Vardhan, a powerful sovereign of North India. After 647 A.D. the district passed to the local chiefs. In the 8th century A.D. the Pala kings gained control over Tirhut and kept it until 1019 A.D. Chedi kings of Central India also exercised their influence over Tirhut until they were replaced by the rulers of the Sena dynasty towards the close of the 11th century. Sometime between 1211 and 1226, Ghais-u-ddin Iwaz, the ruler of Bengal, became the first Muslim invader of Tirhut. However, he could not succeed in conquering the kingdom, merely extorting tributes. It was in 1323 that Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq established his control over the district. The history of Muzaffarpur would be incomplete without a reference to the Simraon dynasty (in the north-east part of Champaran) and its founder, Nanyupa Deva, who extended his power over the whole of Mithila and Nepal. During the regime of Harasimha Deva, the last king of the dynasty, Tughlaq Shah invaded Tirhut in 1323 and gained control over the territory. Tughlaq Shah handed over the management of Tirhut to Kameshwar Thakur. Thus, the sovereign power of Tirhut passed from the Hindu chiefs to the Muslims. Towards the close of the 14th century the whole of North Bihar, including Tirhut, passed to the kings of Jaunpur and remained under their control for nearly a century, until Sikandar Lodi of Delhi defeated the king of Jaunpur. Meanwhile, Hussain Shah, the Nawab of Bengal, had become so powerful that he exercised his control over large tracts including Tirhut. The emperor of Delhi advanced against Hussain Shah in 1499 and got control over Tirhut after defeating its Raja. The power of the Nawabs of Bengal began to wane and, with the decline and fall of Mahood Shah, north Bihar formed a part of the mighty Mughal Empire. Though

Muzaffarpur with the entire north Bihar had been annexed, the petty chieftains continued to exercise effective control over this area until the days of Daud Khan, the Nawab of Bengal. Daud Khan had his stronghold at Patna and Hajipur, and after his fall, a separate Subah of Bihar was constituted under the Mughal dynasty, with Tirhut forming a part of it. The victory of East India Company in 1764 at the battle of Buxar gave them control over the whole of Bihar and they succeeded in subduing the entire district. The success of the insurgency in Delhi in 1857 caused grave concern to the English inhabitants in this district and revolutionary fervor began to permeate the entire district. Muzaffarpur played its role and was the site of the famous bombing case of 1908. The young Bengali revolutionary, Khudi Ram Bose, a boy of barely 18 years, was hanged for throwing the bomb at the carriage of Pringle Kennedy, who was mistaken for Kingsford, the District Judge of Muzaffarpur. After independence, a memorial to this young revolutionary patriot was constructed at Muzaffarpur, which still stands. The political awakening in the country after the First World War stimulated nationalist movement in Muzaffarpur district as well. The visit of Mahatma Gandhi to Muzaffarpur district in December 1920 and again in January 1927 had tremendous political effect in arousing the latent feelings of the people and the district continued to play a prominent role in the country's struggle for freedom. Muzaffarpur played a very significant role in the history of North-Eastern India. The peculiarity of Muzaffarpur in Indian civilization arises out of its position on the frontier line between two most vibrant spiritual influences. To this day, it is a meeting place of Hindu and Islamic culture and thoughts. All sorts of modified institutions, representing mutual assimilation, rise along this border line. It has undoubtedly been this highly diversified element within her boundaries that has so often made Muzaffarpur the birthplace of towering geniuses. In August 1934, a colossal 8.1 magnitude earthquake struck the area, completely demolishing the city. Damage was extensive not only in the region but also in Kolkata and Kathmandu. The region was shaken strongly again in the 1988 Bihar earthquake. Climate The summer, between April and June, is extremely hot and humid (28/40 deg C,90% Max.) and winter is pleasantly cool, around 06/20 deg C. The air pollution is lower than in other areas, so the air is comparatively clean. The best months to visit are October through March. It is best to avoid visits in the summer and the monsoon season (Mid June to September) due to prolonged power cuts, the heat, and flooding in the town. Economy Muzaffarpur is famous for exporting Lichi. Long ago, the area was famous for hand-woven textiles, sugar cane, indigo, opium and other products. The district has a few sugar mills, which are now old and dilapidated. It is the commercial hub of North Bihar and the wholesale market for Mumbai, Surat and Ahmedabad. Textile mills in the famous Marwari community dominate Suta Patti. The commercial hub of the town is Motijheel. The area around Muzaffarpur is largely agricultural. The principal crops are rice, wheat, pulses, jute, maize and oil seeds. Cauliflower, cabbage, tomato, radish, carrot, beetroot,

among others, are also grown. Rice and wheat account for most of the area under cultivation. Maize is the next important crop for the district. Sugar cane, potato and barley are some of the non-cereal crops grown. The district is famous for its delicious mangoes, and its lychee, which are exported to other parts of the country and even abroad. The main livestock of the town are cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, pigs and poultry. Muzaffarpur Town has several industries, big and small. The railcar industry is one of the town's most important industry. Muzaffarpur is a important centre for the wholesale cloth trade. Lichi The lichi crop, which is available from May to June, is mainly cultivated in the districts of Muzaffarpur, Vaishali, Sitamarhi, West & East Chaparan, Darbhanga and Samastipur, an area of about 25,270 hectare. Total lichi production is about 3 Lakhs tonnes. This area produces roughly 70% of national output in 54% of the area under cultivation in the country. The quality of lichi exported from India is considered to be the highest, though India's share of the world lichi market amounts to less than 1%. The name of the lichi produced in Muzaffarpur is "Shahi Lichi" which is famous all over the world. The another specialty about Muzaffarpur lichi is that here lichi is sold in terms of numbers i.e. per hundred while every where lihi is old per kg. Demographics As of the 2001 India census,[5] Muzaffarpur had a population of 305,465. Males constituted 54% of the population and females 46%. Muzaffarpur had a literacy rate of 60%, close to the national average of 59.5%. Male literacy was 62%, and female literacy was 57%. Thirteen percent of the population was under 6 years of age. Many languages are spoken in Muzaffarpur. The major dialect of the region is Vajjika a mix of Maithili and Bhojpuri. Hindi and Urdu are the official languages. Other dialects spoken, from various regions of Bihar, include Angika, Bhojpuri, Maithili and Bengali. Cuisine There is no specific, authentic and purely "Muzaffarpur cuisine" as such: most of the cuisine can at best be termed regional cuisine. The basic ingredients are rice, wheat flour, lentils (green and yellow), root and leafy vegetables, Indian spices, ground nut oil, Mustard seed oil, ghee, sugar and jaggery, among others. The traditional breakfast includes jalebi, poori, samosa or potato curry served hot with any of a variety of chutneys and finished with milk tea. Indianised Chinese dishes such as noodles, Tandoori dishes and South Indian dishes are also eaten. Most of the ethnic cuisine and special dishes are cooked during festivals, religious functions and marriages. In modern Muzaffarpur, ethnic cuisines have given way to the oily, hot and spicy foods of the Pan-Indian type. Toddy is a fermented juice of the palm tree which has about 5%8% alcohol and is very popular as "Poor Man's Beer" in Muzaffarpur. A variety of spicy dry, baked, fried, deep fried or curried mutton, chicken, fish and shellfish are prepared and eaten. Mughalai and a few Continental dishes, such as macaroni or

spaghetti, duly Indianised, are home cooked and relished by some people. Pre- and postdinner Betel nut(Paan) chewingv is very popular, along with chewing tobacco. Transit 3 Types of connectivity available in City Railway Muzaffarpur Railway Station is a main railway junction. Ram Dayalu Nagar & Narayanpur are small Stations. Trains for the all the major cities of India are available from here. BUS Bariya, Bhagwanpur, & Ram Dayalu Bus Stands are main Bus Station and many more small stands are there for Connecting Bihar To Bihar or Interstate. AIRPORT Patahi Airport is Proposed for full time in few years. Education Muzaffarpur is the 2nd leading centre of education in Bihar after Patna. It has a medical and an engineering college and is seat of one of the oldest universities of Bihar (Bihar University, now known as B. R. Ambedkar Bihar University). The first President of Indian Republic "Dr Rajendra Prasad" was a teacher in the Greer Bhumihiar Brahman College, Muzaffarpur. Institutions of Higher Education * Muzaffarpur Institute of Technology (1954): Muzaffarpur Institute of Technology is one of the premier technical institutions of eastern India. It is under administrative control of the Department of Science and Technology and wholly funded by the Government of Bihar. It is affiliated with B.R.A. Bihar University, and offers UG courses in seven streams of engineering, with postgraduate specialisation in Machine Design and Thermal Engineering. The institute caters to the research and development activities of the state of Bihar. * S.K.Medical College (1969) * B. R. Ambedkar Bihar University: Bihar University is a public university located in the north prime of Bihar state in the city of Muzaffarpur in India. This university has 37 constituent colleges. Distance education courses are also offered, and the university also organizes symposia, seminars and workshops. The university is a premier institution of teaching and learning in the city and has various full-time and part-time offerings ranging from undergraduate to postgraduate and research level courses. The university also acts as a link between colleges and institutes located across the state in providing higher education. The following colleges are associated with Bihar University. o Langat Singh College: This is the oldest college of Muzaffarpur. Affiliated to the University of Bihar, it has had the likes of Dinkar, a famous Hindi poet, Dr. Rajendra Prasad the first President of India, and Acharya J. B. Kripalani as its faculty members. o Vaishali Institute of Business & Rural Management. o L.N.Mishra College of Business Management. o L. N. T. College o Mahant Darshan Das Mahila Mahavidyalaya

o Ram Dayalu Singh College: This college is named after the first assembly speaker of Bihar. It is now one of the premier colleges of Bihar. Students study Science, Arts, Commerce, and Geography. Students from West Bengal, Assam, Orrissa and Kerala come to study commerce and English. o Mahesh Prasad Sinha Science College o Ram Manohar Lohia College o Shri Shreekrishna Singh Law College: This college is named after the first chief minister of Bihar. Established in year 1948, it is one of the premier law colleges in the state of Bihar. College has always attracted some of the greatest lawyers of Bihar as its faculty like Mr. Pramod Kumar Shahi. o Nitishwar Singh College o ABCD Prominent people of Muzaffarpur * DR.MANAZIRUDDIN,a renound acadmecian. * Ramvriksh Benipuri, a prominent Hindi writer * Janki Ballabh Shastri, a prominent Hindi poet.. * [MD. Farooque] , a Deputy Director of account in BSEB * [Vikas Kumar], Businessman, Parashar Automobiles Politics * Padma Bhushan Vindhyeshwari Prasad Varma * Sri Digvijay Narain Singh, politician and grandson of Langat Singh * George Fernandes * Rameshwar Prasad Sinha, politician and member of the Constituent Assembly of India * Raghunath Pandey * Suresh Kumar Sharma * Jai Narain Prasad Nishad Others * Jankijivan Prasad, freedom fighter * Freedom Fighters Khudi Ram Bose, Jubba Sahni and Bhama sah * Sir Chandeshwar Prasad Narayan Singh, India's first ambassador to Nepal and later an ambassador to Japan (from 1958). He was also the second Governor of Punjab in 1953 and then governor of Uttar Pradesh from 1980 to 1985.[6] * Dr.Shyamnandan Sahay, First V.C. of Bihar University. A college of B. R. Ambedkar Bihar University is named after him. * Rai Bahadur Tunki Sah, famous philanthropic businessman * Sri. Langat Singh Founder of Langat Singh College * Sanjay Kumar Singh, Name changed to Sanjay Soni Singh is a first player from this district to play for India in U-19 Level cricket Kanti Kanti is a city and a notified area in Muzaffarpur district in the Indian state of Bihar. Demographics

As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Kanti had a population of 20,873. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Kanti has an average literacy rate of 48%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 57%, and female literacy is 38%. In Kanti, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age. Motipur Motipur is a town and a notified area in Muzaffarpur district in the Indian state of Bihar. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Motipur had a population of 21,933. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Motipur has an average literacy rate of 43%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 52%, and female literacy is 33%. In Motipur, 19% of the population is under 6 years of age. Sheohar district Sheohar is an administrative district in the state of Bihar in India. The district headquarters are located at Sheohar, and the district is a part of Tirhut Division. This district was carved out of Sitamarhi district in 1994. The district occupies an area of 443 km and has a population of 514,288 (as of 2001). This district has mixed population of Hindus and Muslims. Agriculture is the main stay. It is one of the most flood affected district in Bihar. Due to over flooding of the Bagmati and Budhi Gandak rivers. Dekuli (Dhancoul) is a holy place popular for ancient temple of lord Shiva. SINGAHI-INDERWA is located on BAGMATI river and frequently devastated by its flood. Literacy rate is low. Main occupation is agriculture.Rudimentary form of feudalism is still visible. People focus less on earning and education.They are more interested in Netagiri.Inhabitants are frequently involved in petty quarrels among themselves. ADAURI is most populated village of Sheohar District and it is a most educated village too. It has five Polling Booths starting from Booth no 1. ADAURI has given the political birth of veteran leader Raghunath Jha who caused the creation of this District. FATMA CHAK: A well educated village situated at a distance of 4 km from district head quarter, Sheohar. Fatma Chak is situated on the bank of river Bagmati which is not alive for the last one decade. People lost a lot due to this ferocious Bagmati river as its name appears bagh mati means tiger mind. However this village has a mixed population of Hindu and Muslim. Its an examlpe of peace and harmony tending to composite culture. Most people of this village are in teaching job and who are not in job are well educated and cultured due to Madrasa Islamia Arabia Dumri founded by Late Haji Mubarak Hussain in 1956 on the boarder of Fatma Chak and Dumri village. When it was instituted thousands of thousand students came here from different distant districts of Bihar to attain knowledge. Haji Mubarak Hussain, founder of this madrasa alone instituted this madrasa to educate muslim students specially poor students of the society and to a greater extent he got success in his mission. Outstanding quality of this madrasa is that one child can learn from primary to M.A. in the same premises. Besides, one can can get higher degree in different subjects without any hindrance. As of now Md. Shamsul Hasan, the grand son of Late Haji Mubarak

Hussain, is the secretary of Madrasa Islamia Arabia Dumri. He has done a lot to renovate this madrasa and consequently after a long interval students are coming to this madrasa in large numbers because besides food and lodging clothes, books and copies are provided to the poor students by Md.Shamsul Hasan, secretary of the madrasa Dumri.Despite all these there is derth of schools and colleges in the district,even a small hospital is not seen for the villagers in 10 kilometer radius for the except a single hospital in the head qaurter. All the villagers can do nothing but only look forward to the govt. and any angel. Sheohar is around 150 km in the north and east from Patna, the capital of Bihar. The buses to Sheohar passes through Muzaffarpur. It is 55 km from Muzaffarpur. Sheohar is connected to the adjoining districts (East Champaran headquartered at Motihari, Muzaffarpur, Sitamarhi) by road. Sitamarhi lies to the east of Sheohar. To the west is East Champaran. To the southeast is Muzaffarpur. Buses connect to Chapra & mehassi. There are no railways connecting these districts. The main occupation of the people of this district is agriculture. All types of crops are produced. Varieties of rice, wheat, and a number of rabbi crops are produced. The nearest airports are : Jaiprakash Narayan International Airport, Patna (174 km) Gaya International Airport, Gaya (~244 km) The nearest railhead : Sitamarhi. Local Transport : Auto-rickshaws, Cycle-Rickshaws, Tangas, Jeeps, Bus. Locals use bicycles, scooters, motor cycles Tourist Season : October to March. Festivals : Chat, Durga Pooja, Holi Clothing : Light cotton in summer and heavy woolen in winter (specially during November to February). It is very cold in winter and very hot in summer. Weather in Sheohar : Weather in Sheohar Facts and figures : Year of formation : 06-10-1994 Area 443 : km2 Latitude : 260 2N Longitude : 850 3 E Population (2001) : 5,14,288 Males : 2,71,261 Females : 2,43,027 Population density : 1161 Per km2 Sex Ratio : 896 Literacy Rate : 37.01% STD Code : 06222 *River: Bagmati. Population: Total: 377699 Rural: 363784 Urban: 13915 Blocks: Sheohar, Tariyani, Piprahi, Dumri-katsari.

CHRISTIANS IN SHEOHAR' Bro.V.PETER ROYAN From Bangalore was the first Christian Missionary sent to Sheohar District from Gospel Echoing Missionary Society (GEMS) in the year 2000 Influential Leaders * Madhurendra Kumar Singh [Senior Congress Leader] * Ms. Rama Devi [B.J.P. MP] * Md. Sharfuddin [M.L.A. JD(U)] * Hari Kishore Singh [J.D(U). Leader]. * Md Anwarull haque [Ex MP SHEOHAR] * Mrigendra Kumar Singh [Youth Congress Leader] * Raghunath Jha [R.J.D Leader] * Ajit Kumar Jha ( RJD Leader). * Sanjay Kumar Gupta [ M.L.A. Belsand) * Shiv Shanker prasad gupta [1st chairman of sheohar nagar panchayat] Influential Leaders in past * Late Thakur Jugal Kishore Sinha [Freedom-Fighter & Member.1st Lok-Sabha, Father of Cooperative movement in Bihar] * Late Ram Dulari Sinha [Freedom-Fighter, Former Union Minister & Former Governor] * Late Thakur Girija Nandan Singh [Former M.P] * Late Bujhawan Sah [ Freedom Fighter', M.P. Candidate] Sheohar Sheohar is headquarters of Sheohar district. Contents: - Geography/Demographics/Politics Geography Sheohar is located at coor 26.52N, 85.3E.[1] It has an average elevation of 53 metres (173 feet). The district contains five blocks: Piprahi, Purnahiya, Sheohar, Taryani and Dumri Katsari. The district was carved out of the district of Sitamarhi in 1994. After Indias independence the 1st parliamentary elections were held in 1952. Sheohar was part of Muzzaffarpur NorthWest parliamentary constituency, after the first delimitation Sheohar became part of Sitamarhi Parliamentary constituency. After the 2nd delimitation process the name of this particular constituency was changed to Sheohar, realizing the important role played by Sheohar in this part of Bihar. And since then the name of this particular constituency has remained to be Sheohar. Earlier Sheohar was a Block, but somehow the government realized and declared it a district. Sheohar is the smallest District of Bihar. Sheohar is part of Sheohar Parliamentary constituency. Sheohar Parliamentary constituency consists of six-assembly segments; Riga, Belsand, Sheohar, Madhuban, Chiraia and Dhaka assembly segments. Demographics The district occupies an area of 443 km and has a population of 514,288 (as of 2001 census). Politics

In particular Sheohar Parliamentary constituency is dominated by Rajputs so the natural leadership of this constituency has been mostly with the Rajputs. [1]Thakur Jugal Kishore Sinha was the first Member of Parliament from this particular constituency, was elected in 1953 (lok-Sabha) from Muzzffarpur North-West {Sheohar was part of the same constituency}. Thakur Jugal Kishore Sinha was involved in the freedom struggle and was prominent leader of the cooperative movement. Thakur Jugal Kishore Sinhas wife [2] Smt.Ram Dulari Sinha like him was also involved in the freedom struggle and was elected Member of Parliament several times in 1980 and 1984 respectively. She was also Member of Parliament from Patna Parliamentary constituency in 1962. Ram Dulari Sinha brought this constituency into limelight, when she became Union Minister and held important portfolios which includes I&B, Industry Steel&Mines, commerce, Labour Home and so on, was also Cabinet Minister in the State Government, nonetheless was elected Vice-Chairman of International Labour Organisation.Later on she became the Governor of Kerela. Before joining electoral politics she was a principal of a reputed college. Thakur Jugal Kishore Sinhas and his wife Smt. Ram Dulari Sinhas legacy does not end here. As of today their son Prof.Madhurendra Kumar Singh is holding the command of Sheohar Parliamentary constituency. An educated leader like his parents.A congress party loyalist like his mother contested the [3] 1989 Parliamentary elections on congress ticket. Madhurendra Kumar Singh Prof.Madhurendra Kumar Singh entered politics during his student life and became the VicePresident of National Students Union Of India and Bihar Pradesh Youth Congress successively, Sitamarhi District Congress Committee President, Secretary of Bihar Congress Committee and held several other posts within the organization. He came into limelight from the student politics and co-operative movement.Currently he is [4] member of All India Congress Committee and also a Professor in Psychology. Recently he has been inducted in the Committee for Flagship of the Congress Party. This Committee is formed to keep a check on the Central Government policies and schemes in the Non-Congress ruled states and to make sure that these policies are followed and implemented by the state Government. Other than Madhurendra Kumar Singhs family Sheohar has given opportunity to one of the leaders of his time Thakur Girjanandan Singh who was elected Member of Parliament (1977) once. But unlike him his son Thakur Prabhakar failed to provide leadership and the electorate of Sheohar rejected him in 1980 and [5] 1984 Parliament elections, as he failed to save his security and lost to Smt. Ram Dulari Sinha both the times. Another important leader who managed to become union minister once was Hari Kishore Singh, he represented this constituency twice in 1989 and 1991 respectively. Later he became Indian Ambassador to Syria. But ultimately the electors of Sheohar rejected him, as he has never been loyal to any party, he kept hopping from one political party to another. Another important leader was Raghunath Jha, due to his efforts the Bihar Legislature declared Sheohar as a District.Has represented Sheohar assembly constituency several times from different political parties and was elected to parliament from Goplganj and Bettiah

parliamentary constituencies in 1999 and 2004 respectively, but lost from Sheohar parliamentary constituency once in 1991 against Hari Kishore Singh. Presently his son Ajit Jha represents sheohar assembly constituency. Anand Mohan, the only leader with criminal background in the history of Sheohar Parliamentary constituency,was elected twice in 1996 and 1998 respectively.this was the period when criminal elements entered politics and won. Here was a man convicted of serious criminal offences, gained the sympathy of electors in 1996 and won the election from jail and was later released on Bail. Currently serving life-imprisonment, convicted in the murder of a Government Officer, was barred from contesting 2009 elections. Due to his criminal Background and outsider tag (he hails from a different District) was rejected in 1999 and 2004 elections and in [6] 2004 General Elections his security was forfeited. In 2009 elections his wife contested on this seat and like her husband failed to save her security deposit. Their chapter is over as the electorate of not only Sheohar, but also whole Bihar rejected the candidates from criminal background. In [7] 2004 Sitaram Singh of R.J.D represented Sheohar parliamentary constituency, but as of the electorate of Sheohar rejected him, his security was forfeited and stood 3rd. The electorate of Sheohar chose Rama Devi of B.J.P who is currently Member of Parliament from Sheohar. This is for the 2nd time in the history of Sheohar Parliamentary Constituency; The electorate has chosen somebody other than Rajputs. Main reason being that the political parties did not put up a better option for the electorate, so there was minimal voting from the Rajput community. Sitamarhi district Sitamarhi is one of the districts of Bihar state, India, and Sitamarhi town is the administrative headquarters of this district. Sitamarhi district is a part of Tirhut Division. Population: Total: 2682720[2] Rural: 1894203? Urban: 119593? Agriculture: Paddy, Wheat, Sugar cane, Maize, Lentils Industry: Sugar Factory, Rice and Oil Mills. Rivers: Bagmati, Lakhandei Contents :- History/Politicians/Details of district History This is the place where Sita was born, the main character of the epic Ramayana. The district is situated along the border of Nepal. In 1875, a Sitamarhi subdistrict was created within the Muzaffarpur district.[3] Sitmarhi detached from Muzaffarpur and became a separate district as of December 11, 1972.[4] It is situated in the northern part of Bihar. The district headquarters are located in Dumra, five kilometers south of Sitamarhi. Sitamarhi is a sacred place in Hindu mythology. Its history goes back to Treta Yug. Sita, the wife of Lord Rama sprang to life out of an earthern pot, when Raja Janak was ploughing the field somewhere near Sitamarhi to impress upon Lord Indra for rain. It is said that Raja Janak excavated a tank at the place where Sita emerged and after her marriage set up the

stone figures of Rama, Sita and Lakshman to mark the site. This tank is known as Janakikund and is south of the Janaki Mandir. In course of time, the land lapsed into a jungle until about 500 years ago, when a Hindu ascetic, named Birbal Das came to know the site by divine inspiration. He came down from Ayodhya and cleared the jungle. He found the images set up by Raja Janak, built a temple over there and commenced the worship of Janaki or Sita. The Janaki Mandir is apparently modern and is about 100 years old only. The town however contains no relics of archaeological interest. It has witnessed communal violence lead by local politicians in the past but on the whole both the leading communities here a good rapport. This district is often bereaved by natural calamities. One of the most devastating is excess flooding due to mis-management of the banks by both civilians and government officials. Politicians Late Thakur Jugal Kishore Sinha [Former MP & Freedom Fighter] Late Ram Dulari Sinha [Former Union Minister & Governor & Freedom Fighter] Madhurendra Kumar Singh [Senior Leader,Congress Party] Mrigendra Kumar Singh [Youth Congress Leader] Mahesh Ram [Dalit Leader from Congress Party] Sitaram Yadav [Former M.P] Details of district Headquarters: Sitamarhi Area: Population: Total: 2682720[2] Rural: 1894203? Urban: 119593? Sub Divisions: Sitamarhi Sadar, Belsand, Pupri Blocks (Taluks): The district is divided into 17 blocks: Bairgania, Bajpatti, Bathanaha, Belsand, Bokhra, Chorout, Dumra, Majorganj, Nanpur, Parihar, Parsauni, Pupri, Riga, Runni Saidpur, Sonbarsa, Suppi, Sursand.[5] Four of these blocks were created more recently: Parsauni, Suppi, Chorout and Bokhra.[4] Villages: Pokhraira,Bath Asli, Akhta,koily, Dumari, Sahiyara, Mahuain Pathrahi,(Bajpatti)Kharka, Ajamgarh, Andahara, Bhasepur, Gosaipur, Tilaktajpur, Sarhachia, Kodhiyar, Rasalpur, Bela, Dheng, Maniyari, Madhopur, Amanpur, Rudauli, Matiyar, Baduri, Hanuman Nagar, Punaura, Ratwara, Paktola, Mehsaul, Madhuban, Chakmahila, Dumra, mohanpur, bhavdepur, Bhairokothi, Bhupbhairo, Bariyarpur,jainagar,dostia, Chhaurahiya, Janipur, Madhesra. School/college: Shabnam Academy, SRK Goenka College, [MKS College Chandauna Pupri],Thakur Jugal Kishore Singh College,Lakshmi High school,Delhi Public School,S.H.B.S. Boarding school D.A.V. Public School, Mathura high school, J.B. HIGH SCHOOL MAJORGANJ Agriculture: Sugarcane, Paddy, Wheat, Maize, Lentils Industry: Sugar Factory (Riga Sugar Mill is an important industrial set up at Riga), Rice and Oil Mills.

Rivers: Bagmati, Lakhandei Connectivity: National Highway 77 connects the area to the Muzaffarpur district and Patna to the South. State highways link it to the Madhubani (to the east) and Sheohar (to the west) districts. Railroad lines connect Sitamarhi to Darbhanga (Broad-Gauge) and Raxaul and Narkatiaganj (meter-gauge). Sports: Heman Trophy (cricket) is organised every year at the Goenka College Ground, which adds some zeal to the life of the youths. Cricket is played in every nook and corner of the district. Festivals: Deepawali, Eid, Chhath Puja, Durga puja, Vishwakarma puja, Sarswati puja, Maha-shivratri, Holy deep in Baghmati on kartik Purnima and other festivals are celebrated with great enthusiasm. Fairs: Maha Shivratri Mela, Vivah-Panchami Mela & Ramnavami Mela (huge market of cattles, horses and elephants are the main feature of these fairs) Languages: Vajjika, Maithili, Hindi, Urdu Temple: Maa Vaishno Devi Mandir& Maa Janki Madir. Sitamarhi is a town and the district headquarters of Sitamarhi district, Bihar, India. Contents:History/Geography/Climate/Connectivity/Market/Tourism/PunauraDham/HaleshwarSthan/P anth Paakar/Education/Educational&ResearchInstitutes/Schools/Colleges/Politics/Influentialpoliti cians/Media personality from Sitamarhi History The name Sitamarhi, derives from "Sitamahi", meaning "hermitage of Sita"[citation needed]. It is the mythological birthplace of Sita, and the spiritual centre of many sages and saints. This district is often bereaved by natural calamities. One of the most devastating is excess flooding[2][3][4] due to mis-management of the banks by both civilians and government officials.[5][6] This town was almost completely destroyed by the earthquake of 1934. Geography Sitamarhi is located at26.6N 85.48E.[7] It has an average elevation of 56 metres (183 feet). sitamarhi district is drained by rivers such as baghmati, aghwara, lakhandei (lakshman rekha), manusmara & few other minor streams. the northern portion of sitamarhi falls in foothills of himalaya. here elevation increases as one goes from south to north. Climate Sitamarhi has a monsoon type of climate. Like most parts of northern India it receives maximum rainfall by southwestern monsoon. Connectivity Sitamarhi is connected by road network from the adjoining districts.Major roads are NH 77 & NH 104. Sitamarhi is situated on "Darbhanga Narkatiyaganj" railway line with sitamarhi being the biggest railway station of district.Another broad gauge line between Muzaffarpur & Sitamarhi is under construction. Sitamarhi has direct train service for Varanasi,Kanpur & New Delhi.

Market Sitamarhi market is good for farmers. They send their spices and food product to Nepal. Mahanth sah chowk is the main centre of market. Gudri bazar is known for spice market and fresh fish. Sonnapati is the place of Goldsmith. The city has a sufficient market to cater the daily needs of the people. Sitamarhi is one of the best raising districts of bihar. All the products available in market comes from Muzaffarpur and Patna. Markets near to Nepal border has abundance of Chinese products. All kind of digital products can be found here. Many youths in the border area are involved in smuggling items from Nepal. The illegal import is too difficult to check, as the international border is not fenced. Locals grow vegetables in abundance and there is gudri market, which provides them a good place to get good price. Tourism Sitamarhi has been pointed as a great hindu religious site as per survey done on general maps of india. Some great places include punaura, jaankisthan and haleshwarsthan. Punaura Dham Punaura Dham is the birth place of Maa Sita, as per the Hindu mythology, Sita came out of a vessel when Raja Janak was ploughing field. Mithila state was facing the situation of drought, to overcome the drought, Raja Janak started ploughing field, when the plouging reached Punaura, the plough struck a vessel, due to the strike of the lower portion of the plough, the vessel broke and Sita came out of it. The place was the karmabhoomi for maharishi pundarik. Raja Janak offered him the new baby but he denied the offer. As he was a saint he had no consistency in living. Raja Janak brought the baby child to his palace in Janakpur. The baby was named Sita, as the lower portion of the plough SIT had struck the vessel and she was born. Punaura Dham has nothing of archaeological interest presently but as per the locals they saw some buildings buried inside the ground during 1934 earthquake.[8] Haleshwar Sthan Haleshwar sthan is the place from where Raja Janak started ploughing the field. This place is having a Shiva temple, which is believed to be the first shiva-linga established in the state of Mithila. This place can be good for the archaeological survey, the old mandir parishar was having stone shikhara, which dates back to treta yuga. Presently, no archeological survey has been made, but the manuscripts on the stones found are probably 7,000 years old. The Savan mela of this place is famous in northern Bihar and Nepal. The temple was in ruins until 2000 but the then District Magistrate Mr. Arun Bhushan Prasad took initiative for the renovation. He start coming to this place and started to clean the nearby areas, it ignited enthusiasm to the locals. People started giving their service without any incentive. The temple got renovated. Stones were found in the course, these stones are kept in the mandir parishar.[8] Panth Paakar

This is the place which is believed to be the staying place of Maa Sita, when she was going from Sitamarhi to Janakpur. The place is having a big PAAKAR tree, its the belief of locals that the tree dates back to treta yug. Raja Janak sat here while in way.[8] Education The holy land of Sitamarhi is blessed by some of the most prestigious schools and colleges of Bihar which includes, Educational & Research Institutes Primary Schools 1479 Middle Schools 619 High Schools 64 Basic Schools 9 Madarsas 26 Sanskrit Vidyalayas - 20 Graduate Colleges - 25 Industrial Training Institutes 1 SC Residential High School 1 Project Girls High School - 17 Kendriya Vidyalaya 1 Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya - 1 Schools N.S D.A.V Public school Saraswati vidya mandir Delhi Public School St.joseph's mission school Hellen's school Front-age Acharya sudarshan public school Jawahar Navodaya school Central School Gayatri Gyan Mandir Mathura High School M.P High School L.M.H.S. Pupri Government Middle School, Awapur Colleges S.R.K Goyenka college Thakur Yugal Kishore Singh College Sri Laxmi Kishori College Raghunath Jha College Ram Sewak Singh Womens College Sri Madhuri Yadav College

RSS Science College RSS Mahila College JS College Politics This district has produced leaders such as Late Thakur Jugal Kishore Sinha[9] (freedom fighter, member of 1st Lok-Sabha and popularly known as the father of co-operative movement in Bihar), and [10] Late Smt.Ram Dulari Sinha (freedom fighter, member of Indira Gandhi's Council of Ministers and Rajiv Gandhi's successively.) Late Smt. Ram Dulari Sinha later became the Governor. She was also elected Vice-Chairman of the International Labour Organisation.Currently the leadership of Sitamarhi and adjoining areas is held by Madhurendra Kumar Singh of Congress Party. Madhurendra Kumar Singh Senior Congress Leader, Member A.I.C.C,a dedicated Congressman from Bihar. Arjun Rai is the present Member of Parliament(Lok Sabha) from Sitamarhi Lok Sabha Constituency from JD(U).[11] While Sunil Kumar Alias Pintu is Member of Bihar Legislative Assembly from BJP.[12] Influential politicians Madhurendra Kumar Singh [Congress Leader] Arjun Rai [M.P., J.D-U Leader] Sunil Kumar'Pintu' [ M.L.A., BJP Leader] Smt.Kiran Prasad [BJP Leader] Sitaram Yadav [Senior R.J.D Leader] Navalkishore rai [Ex-M.P from J D-U] Media personality from Sitamarhi Adarsh Kumar Inqalab, Associate Producer and writer, STAR NEWS, Delhi. Divya Tomar, Assistant Producer & Singer, National News Channel IBN7, Delhi. Vijay Chandra jha, Chief reporter of INDIA TV & SAHARA SAMAY. Navneet ji , Reporter of AAJ TAK & DANIK JAGRAN. Salman Sagar, Crime Reporter of Star News. Bairgania Bairgania (Hindi: ) is a town and a notified area in Sitamarhi district in the state of Bihar, India. Geography Bairgania is located at 26.75N 85.2833E Demographics As of 2001 India census,[1] Bairgania had a population of 34,821. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Bairgania has an average literacy rate of 43%, lower than the national average of 59.5%; with 66% of the males and 34% of females literate. 20% of the population is under 6 years of age. Belsand

Belsand is a town and a notified area in Sitamarhi district in the state of Bihar, India.since it lies in a plain which is prone to flood so ample amount of alluvium is there ,so agriculture is mainstay here. A sugar mill was to establish here which unfortunately couldn't turn in reality. Secondary activities here are those for which local production acts as raw material. Main market areas(pertaining to tertiary sector)are around kothi bazaar and belsand chauraha (square) Contents 1 Geography 2 Demographics 3 Festival 4 Cuisine 5 Crops 6 How to reach 7 Tourism 8 Education 9 Sports Geography Belsand is located at 26.45N 85.4E.[1] It has an average elevation of 55 metres (180 feet).it has also few ruined buildings of British time which are collectively said kothi(mansion).there is a bazaar near the kothi.it is about 22 kilometers from the district headquarter(sitamarhi).the area is flood prone as it lies amid 2 rivers .the first being baghmati & other one is a minor stream. The Belsand block lies in the southwestern portion of the Sitamarhi district. To the south and east, is it bordered by the Runni Saidpur block. On the north, it borders the Parsauni block. Demographics As of 2001 India census,[2] Belsand had a population of 17,821. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Belsand has an average literacy rate of 33%, lower than the national average of 59.5%; with 66% of the males and 34% of females literate. 19% of the population is under 6 years of age. Festival The major festival of this area is Chhath puja in which people offer their prayer to Lord Sun.Almost all the people wherever they are, their major desire is to celebrate Chhath puja at their home with their family members and villagers.Holi and Diwali are other two festivals celebrated with so much of gaiety. Other festivals such as Dusshera, makar sakranti,Id, Christmas and others are also celebrated with full enjoyment. Among all festival celebrated here what remains common is enjoyment , co-operation and brotherhood. Cuisine "Khichdi", the both of rice and lentils, seasoned with spices, and served with several accompanying items like curd, chutney, pickles, papads, ghee (clarified butter) and chokha (boiled mashed potatoes, seasoned with finely cut onions, green chilies) constitutes the lunch for most on Saturdays and is a staple food here. Afternoon meals mostly consists of Rice and

vegetables while the dinner will consist of Rotis (flatbread) and lentils. Belsand is also known for the sweet delicacies of Bihar including chena ka jalebi, Kala Jamun. Crops The major food crops are rice, wheat and maize. Apart from it this area is major producers of sugarcane, tobacoo and other cash crops. People here are very laborious. Lentils, sun flower and mustard is also grown in this area. Crop and agriculture has given rise to many agro based industries in this area. How to reach The town is 50 km from Muzaffarpur, which is the biggest town of north Bihar and 22 km from Sitamarhi, its district headquarters. 24 hour bus service, both private operators and government, run BSRTC buses to provide connectivity to the village from Muzaffarpur, Patna and Sitamarhi. Nearest railway stations are: Muzaffarpur jn:50 km Sitamarhi :22 km One can find a large number of trains from Muzaffarpur junction to almost all parts of India. People prefer to go to Muzaffarpur for catching a train. Nearest airport - Patna :125 km Tourism A large number of tourist places are there in nearby area. Janki Mandir at Janki Asthan: 22 km from here It is located in western part of Sitamarhi.The temple is nearly 100 years old.A large number of tourist visit this place. Punaura Dham :20 km This is the birth place of Goddess Sita.It is said that once Raja Janak ploughed the field for rain. It is now declared as Religious Tourist Spot by Government of Bihar. other famous tourist places in nearby area are: Vaishali, Garib Sthan,Muzaffarpur Education Belsand is one of the oldest major centres of learning in Bihar. This is the educational hub of nearby area. Many private schools have come up. Good Government school and colleges here. It provides good education to the students. Nearby villagers are also coming up for education here. Sports As in the rest of India, cricket is the most popular sport in Belsand. There are several cricket grounds (or maidans) located across the village. Dumra Dumra is a town and a notified area in Sitamarhi district in the state of Bihar, India. Geography Dumra is located at 25.02N 83.97E.[1] It has an average elevation of 86 metres (282 feet). Demographics As of 2001 India census,[2] Dumra had a population of 14,538. Males constitute 57% of the population and females 43%. Dumra has an average literacy rate of 77%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 80% and, female literacy is 73%. In Dumra, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Dumra is the Head Quarter of district Sitamarhi. District Magistrate, District Judge and Supritendant of Police are based at Dumra with their residence and offices. Janakpur Road Janakpur Road is a city and a notified area in Sitamarhi district in the Indian state of Bihar. Demographics As of 2001 India census,[1]Janakpur Road had a population of 13,341. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Janakpur Road has an average literacy rate of 64%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 72%, and female literacy is 55%. In Janakpur Road, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age. Pupri, an agro-based industrial town, is located in Sitamarhi District in Bihar. It is around 30 km south-east of Sitamarhi. The town is noted for the famous Baba Nageshwarnath temple, dedicated to Lord Shiva. Janaki Temple, dedicated to Goddess Sita, is a nearby attraction. The town is directly connected with Nanpur (8 km south), Bajpatti (17 km north-west) and Jaynagar (34 km north-east) by road. Madhubani (south-east), Benipatti (north-west) and Sitamarhi (northwest) are ideal tourist destinations. Nearest airport is Patna Airport. Janakpur Road Railway Station, of Eastern Railways, serves this town Runni Saidpur Runni Saidpur is a town and a block located in Sitamarhi district, Bihar, India. It is situated on the southern bank of the Lakhandei River. National Highway 77, the main national highway connecting Sonbarsa-Muzaffarpur-Hajipur passes through Runni Saidpur. Thus it is a gateway to Sitamarhi and parts of Nepal. This town is basically a block headquarter. Even though it is managed by gram panchayats, it is far more developed than many small town run by nagar panchayat. Even this is far bigger than belsund which is a near by sub-division.Local people say it as just saidpur. Runni is name of another village which is a mile south of it. The name of this block is combinedly Runni Saidpur. Out siders know it as Runni Saidpur only.In early days this area had large number of mango orchards. Contents :- Geography 2 Culture 3 Festival 4 Crops 5 Fruits 6 Market 7 How to reach 8 Education 9 Tourism Geography The village town is situated between Lakhandei river in the north and the Bagmati river to the south. This area has been hit by flood many times, though the land is very fertile. It is basically gangetic plain with alluvial soil. The whole area lies to the south of the Someswar

mountain range of the southern Himalayas in its north and the holy Ganges in its south. Summer is moderate and the winter is chilling cold. Runni Saidpur is located at 26.383N 85.4833E.[1] It has an average elevation of 47 metres (154 feet). The Runni Saidpur block lies in the southwest corner of the Sitamarhi district. It is bordered by the Belsand and Parsauni blocks to the northwest, Dumra to the north, Bajpatti to the northeast, and Nanpur to the east. On the south, it borders the Minapur and Aurai blocks of the Muzaffarpur district. Culture It is located in at the confluence of Mithila, Vajji(Licchvians) and Bhojpur region of Bihar. Most of the people are either Maithils or Vajji. But their culture is deeply affected by Bhojpur too. Language spoken is Hindi, English, Bajjika (Vajjika), bhojpuri and Maithili. But the local people used to talk in Bajjika which resembles with Maithili, bhojpuri and Hindi which is a consequence of its location being surrounded by these regions. People give importance to their family before their personal interest. The area has got a rich culture. They respect their guests too much. Education is first preference among the people. Their culture festival such as Sama which is played by girls of the area for their brothers good wish is one of the most famous one. It is really enjoyable to see this festival in the chilling cold of the winter season. The major cultural event is marriage in this area which takes a large amount of preparations and arrangement with many cultural rituals. Festival The major festival of this area is Chhath puja in which people offer their prayer to Lord Sun.Almost all the people wherever they are, their major desire is to celebrate Chhath puja at their home with their family members and villagers.Holi and Diwali are other two festivals celebrated with so much of gaiety. Other festivals such as Dusshera, makar sakranti Id, Christmas and others are also celebrated with full enjoyment. Among all festival celebrated here what remains common is enjoyment , co-operation and brotherhood. Crops The major food crops are rice, wheat and maize. Apart from it this area is major producers of sugarcane, tobacoo and other cash crops. People here are very laborious. Lentils, sun flower and mustard is also grown in this area. Crop and agriculture has given rise to many agro based industries in this area. Fruits This area is famous for litchi sahi and china. The litchi crop is available from May to June only.There are large number of mango and litchi orchards in this area. Export of these licthi bring a large amount of foreign currency to the country. At the same time it is boosting the economic scenario of the whole area. Market This is one of the biggest market in nearby area. Better it can be called the wholesale market of southern sitamarhi. Balusahi (locals say balsahi) of runni saidpur is famous across the country and is supplied up to delhi. The market is very cheap and well developed one. The market provides most of the need of local people.

How to reach The town is 35 km from Muzaffarpur, which is the biggest town of north Bihar and 25 km from Sitamarhi, its district headquarters. 24 hour bus service, both private operators and government, run BSRTC buses to provide connectivity to the village from Muzaffarpur, Patna and Sitamarhi. Nearest railway stations are: Muzaffarpur jn:35 km Sitamarhi :25 km One can find a large number of trains from Muzaffarpur junction to almost all parts of India. People prefer to go to Muzaffarpur for catching a train. A new railway line is being constructed between Sitamarhi and Muzaffarpur. After its completion the town will have its own railway station. Nearest airport - Patna :120 km Gaya :210 km Varanasi:370 km Education This is the educational hub of near by area. Many private schools have come up including DAV group of educational institutions.Other private run conevent schools are also there. Government run schools are also there.Gyan Bharti Morsand is the best educational institution of the area, providing good education on very low fee. Tourism A large number of tourist places are there in nearby area. Janki Mandir at Janki Asthan: 25 km from here It is located in western part of Sitamarhi.The temple is nearly 100 years old.A large number of tourist visit this place. Punaura Dham :25 km This is the birth place of Goddess Sita.It is said that once Raja Janak ploughed the field for rain. It is now declared as Religious Tourist Spot by Government of Bihar. other famous tourist places in nearby area are: Vaishali Garib Sthan,Muzaffarpur Talkhapur Talkhapur is a town in Sitamarhi district in Bihar in India. The population of the town is 15961. The sex ratio is 53% male and 47% female. Literacy rate is 57% in males and 39% in females. Vaishali district Vaishali District is a district in Bihar state, India. It is named after the Vaishali (ancient city). The history of Vaishali district is thus very ancient, and finds mention in the Indian classic Mahabharata, as well as in Buddhist and Jain tradition. Contents 1 Ancient Vaishali

2 Current-day Vaishali 3 Influential people Ancient Vaishali Main article: Vaishali (ancient city) Vaishali derives its name from King Vishal of the Mahabharata age. Even before the advent of Buddhism and Jainism, Vaishali was the capital of the vibrant republican Licchavi state since before the birth of Mahavira (c. 599 BC), which suggests that it was perhaps the first republic in the world, similar to those later found in ancient Greece.[2] In that period, Vaishali was an ancient metropolis and the capital city of the republic of the Vaishali state, which covered most of the Himalayan Gangetic region of present-day Bihar state, India. Very little is known about the early history of Vaishali. The Vishnu Purana records 34 kings of Vaishali, the first being Nabhaga, who is believed to have abdicated his throne over a matter of human rights and believed to have declared: "I am now a free tiller of the soil, king over my acre." The last among the 34 was Sumati, who is considered a contemporary of Dasaratha, father of the Hindu god, Lord Rama. Numerous references to Vaishali are found in texts pertaining to both Jainism and Buddhism, which have preserved much information on Vaishali and the other Maha Janapadas. Based on the information found in these texts, Vaishali was established as a republic by the 6th century BC, prior to the birth of Gautama Buddha in 563, making it the world's first republic. In the republic of Vaishali, Lord Mahavira was born. Gautama Buddha delivered his last sermon at Vaishali and announced his Parinirvana there. Vaishali is also renowned as the land of Ambapali (also spelled as Amrapali), the great Indian courtesan, who appears in many folktales, as well as in Buddhist literature. Ambapali became a disciple of Buddha. A kilometre away is Abhishek Pushkarini, the coronation tank. The sacred waters of the tank anointed the elected representatives of Vaishali. Next to it stands the Japanese temple and the Vshwa Shanti Stupa (World Peace Pagoda) built by the Nipponzan Myohoji sect of Japan. A small part of the Buddha's relics found in Vaishali have been enshrined in the foundation and in the chhatra of the Stupa. Near the coronation tank is Stupa 1 or the Relic Stupa. Here the Lichchavis reverentially encased on of the eight portions of the Master's relics, which they received after the Mahaparinirvana. After his last discourse the Awakened One set out for Kushinagar, but the Licchavis kept following him. Buddha gave them his alms bowl but they still refused to return. The Master created an illusion of a river in spate which compelled them to go back. This site can be identified with Deora in modern Kesariya village, where Ashoka later built a stupa. Ananda, the favourite disciple of the Buddha, attained Nirvana in the midst of the Ganga outside Vaishali. Current-day Vaishali Vaishali district is a part of Tirhut division and Hajipur town is the district headquarters. The district of Vaishali came in to existence on 12/10/1972. Earlier it was the part of old Muzzafarpur district. The district covers an area of around 2036 km and the population is around two million. Agriculture is the main activity and banana, paddy, wheat, maize , tobacco and lentils are the major crops.

Headquarters: Hajipur Area: 2,036 km? Population: Total:2718421 Rural:2531766 Urban:186655 Subdivisions: Hajipur, Mahnar, Mahua Blocks: Mahnar, Sahadai Buzurg, Vaishali, Bidupur, Goraul, Raghopur, Lalganj, Hazipur, Mahua, Jandaha, Patepur, Sahdeibuzurg, Rajapakar, Bhagwanpur, Chehrakala, Premraj, Patedhi-Belshar, Desari, Taiyyopur, Sarai, Manibhakurahar Agriculture: Banana, Paddy, Wheat, Maize, Lentils. Industry: Sugar Factory Rivers: Ganges, Gandak, Nun, Kadane, Baya, Dumari Wala Nadi etc. Influential people Raghubansh Prasad Singh [Present M.P, R.J.D leader] Jagannath Rai [Former M.L.A & M.L.C, Congress leader] L.P.Shahi [Former M.P., Congress leader] Late Hemant Shahi [Former M.L.A., Congress leader] Veena Shahi [Former M.L.A.,JDU leader, former minister in R.J.D Govt.] Munna Shukla [Former M.L.A., LJP and JDU leader] Nityanand Rai (M.L.A.of Hajipur & BJP Leader) Satish Kumar (JDU MLA of Raghopur) Goraul Goraul is a town in Vaishali district in the state of Bihar, India. The local language spoken by the people is Vajjika. Goraul Sugar Mill was one of the most productive sugar mills in this area once upon a time. The adjoining catchment area used to grow huge amount of sugarcane. The sugar mill has shut down since. The agriculture land use pattern has shifted from sugarcane to other cash crops like tobacco and traditional food crops and vegetables. This place has a rich talent pool and has contributed immensely to various professions and industries like bureaucracy, engineering, management and information technology (most of whom have migrated to urban centres in India and beyond) Goraul is very close to Vaishali garh( Vaishali or Vesali (Pali) was a city, the capital of the Licchavis and the Vajjian Confederacy. It is one of the first governments in the world to have elements of what we would today consider democracy. At the time of the Buddha, Vesali was a very large city, rich and prosperous, crowded with people and with abundant food. There were seven thousand seven hundred and seven pleasure grounds and an equal number of lotus ponds. Its courtesan, Ambapali, was famous for her beauty, and helped in large measure in making the city prosperous. The city had three walls, each one gvuta away from the other, and at three places in the walls were gates with watch towers. Buddhaghosa says that Vesali was so called because it was extensive. ) Goraul is well connected with rail, road and air.

Goraul railway station which used to facilitate movement of sugar from the sugar mill to the markets now facilitates the seasonal movement of migrant agricultural labourers and movement of educated in search of employment to urban centres. Goraul has immense potential as a centre for horticulture and agro-processing (fruit pulp) industries. The entire region is dotted with plantations of 1) Mango - delicious local varieties which are increasingly getting lost in targeted marketing campaigns of alphonso and dussehri 2) Lychee - amazing varieties which lose much of their temper in transportation and need to be tasted straight from the plantations 3) Betel leaf - which is considered to be an addiction (when taken with tobacco) and as a digestive when taken with cardamom and cloves. 4) Banana - amazing varieties of banana can be found here. Area is filled with banana trees. Contents 2 Politics 3 Festivals Politics Goraul plays a major part in Bihar as well as in Indian politics. Late Sri Vindhyeshwari Prasad Varma(a.k.a. Binda Babu) of Manpura village was the first speaker of Bihar assembly after independence(1946-1962). His contribution to public affairs earned him the recognition of Padma Bhushan in 1961. He spent his last years with his eldest son Late Sri Ram Chandra Prasad Varma in the village till his demise on 22nd Jul 1968.His eldest grandson Shri Ishwar Chandra Varma presently resides here. Festivals Holi, Shiv Ratri, Durga Pooja, Dussehra, Deepawali and Chath Pooja are the prime festivals. Local Muslims take out Taziya processions that go to even the Hindu households and celebrate other Muslim festivals in a very congenial environment. Hajipur Hajipur (Hindi: ) is the headquarters of Vaishali district in the Indian state of Bihar. It is famous for producing bananas, and has a modern railway zonal office. Patna, the capital of Bihar is only 10 km from Hajipur. Mahatma Gandhi Setu, one of the longest bridges in the world, links it to Patna. Contents 1 Origin of name 2 History 3 Geography 4 Demographics 5 Places of interest 6 Transport 7 Education 7.1 Schools 7.2 Colleges & institutes

Origin of name The town is known by the name of Hajipur as it was founded by a King of Bengal named Haji Ilyas Shah who ruled between 1345 to 1358 A.D. Inside the fort built by this king in Hajipur there is a mosque called Jami Masjid, a plain building measuring 84.5 ft (25.8 m) long and 33.5 ft (10.2 m) broad. In ancient times it was called Ukkacala. This place is near about 18-19 KM far from Capital of State(Patna). History In the ancient time, it was known as Ukkacala and was the first village to come after crossing River Ganga at Patna. The village of Hajipur gained significance, as it was the venue of one of the discourses given by Lord Buddha. Buddha preached the Cula Goplalaka Sutta, a Middle Length Discourse, here. Along with that, it is also of interest because a portion of Ananda's ashes were enshrined in the town, the closest disciple of Lord Buddha.Ananda acted as the Buddha's personal attendant for twenty years and outlived him by several decades.[1] Hajipur, earlier in British India was a small town in muzaffarpur district of bengal situated on the confluence of ganges and gandak. Hajipur figures conspicuously in the history of struggles between Akbar and his rebellious Afghan governors of bengal. Hajipur(Vaishali)-find its origin way back in history from the mahabharata period. It is the place where democracy found its origin around 600BC.Ancient Lichhavi republic was established in this land only. It is the place where Lord Mahavir took birth and Gautam Buddha delivered his last sermon and announced his Parinirvana. It is also renowned as the land of Ambapali (Amrapali), the great Indian courtesan. Geography Hajipur is located at 25.68N 85.22E.[2] It has an average elevation of 46 metres (150 ft). Hajipur is the district headquarter of Vaishali after its separation from Muzaffarpur on 12/10/1972. The district has 3 subdivisions, 16 blocks, 191 Gram Panchyat & 1638 villages and is surrounded by Muzaffarpur (East), Patna (South), Samastipur (East) and Saran (West). The Hajipur town being bounded by Narayani Gandak river in the west and holy Ganga in the south, has scope of further expansion in east and north direction only. Very Good network of rail, road and water transport exists in the town connecting it with other parts of district as well as state and country. Famous Mahatma Gandhi Setu (5575m long, Prestressed box culvert type RCC bridge) over river Ganga connects it with Patna, the state capital while another rail and road bridge over Gandak connects it with Sonepur, headquarter of a railway sub-division under ECR, . The plain terrain of town and its nearby places is famous for banana, Litchi and mango plantations. The region looks green with plants and trees growing in semi-tropical monsoon climate. However, months of MayJune are extremely hot and DecemberJanuary are very cold. Demographics As of 2001 India census,[3] Hajipur had a population of 119,276. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Hajipur has an average literacy rate of 60%, close to the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 67%, and female literacy is 51%. In Hajipur, 16%

of the population is under 6 years of age. Hajipur is a small town,headquarter of vaishali district Hindi and Urdu is language used by Hajipurians,Bajjika being the local language. Agriculture is main activity and banana, paddy and wheat are the major crops. After formation of Eastern Cenral Railway Hajipur became its headquarter since 1 October 2002. Hundreds of staff of railway and its supporting agencies has their temporary home at Hajipur and many have settled themselves from outside. Places of interest Ramchaura Mandir.[4] A Hindu temple, Pataleshwara Nath is situated on the western outskirts of Hajipur. Go to the centre of town and ask for the way to Ramchaura. The temple on the top of the stupa is called Ramchaura Mandir. A famous temple named Budi Maai is in Ismailpur (Harauli) village of Hajipur. Mahadev Math in Rajason situated on the bank of river Ganges. it is also a historical temple. Maamu Bhanja (Mazaar of maamu bhanja) a muslim pilgrimage near jadhua on hajipur mahnar road has many old history. every year an urs celebrates here. Kaun Haara Ghat.[5] It is considered one of the main ghats of Ganga-Gandak, where worshiping and cremation has been performed for centuries. This ghat has got its name based on an ancient legend. According to this legend, "The famous fight of Gaja(elephant)-Graah (crocodile), which is well covered in Indian scrdiptures, is the reason behind people asking -kaun haara. Hence the name. Scriptures tell that Lord Vishnu had to interfere in the fight to save his devotee Gajaraj, who was being drowned by crocodile. Both Gaja and Grah were gandharavas. But due to some curse they became Gaja and Graah. Lord Visnu killed Graah to give him instant salvation, and saved life Of Gajaraj. The depiction Of fighting Gaja Graah is an emblem for the city, and is prominently shown on the Hajipur railway station's dome, and other notable places. Nepali Mandir.[6] West of Hajipur, on the confluence of the Gangas and the Gandak is situated this unique Shaivite shrine. Made in the late medieval period (18th century), by (Mathabar Singh Thapa) one of the army commanders of Nepal, the temple brings-in a fresh pagoda-style architecture of the Himalayan Kingdom to the plains of the Ganga. This temple is built largely of wood. Another distinctive feature of this temple is its fine wooden carving, which includes, of others, generous erotic scenes. Both in style and finish, largely drawn in from the Himalayan world of architecture, Nepali Temple at Hajipur remains quite singular and inimitable. Mahatma Gandhi Setu.[7] The Mahatma Gandhi Setu (bridge) is the important link between north and south Bihar. It has been constructed over the Ganga near village Jadhua and connects Hajipur with Patna. This is one of longest river bridge having length of 6.75 km. The four lane prestressed RCC bridge was commissioned into service during the year 1982. Traveller get an enthralling experience and panoramic view of lush green banana plantations by Crossing the bridge. Sonepur Fair.[8]

Located opposite Hajipur, is a small place of Sonepur where fortnight long cattle fair is held every year starting from Kartik full moon day (October/November). The place goes lively at the onset of winter with the mass holy deep in river Gandak by Hindu at Kaun-hara Ghat. Besides being claimed as the biggest animal fair in Asia, the fair entertain visitors with circus, Tamasha (folk plays), Nautanki (folk dances) and sell everything from elephants to birds; agricultural equipments to vanity items; winter garments to wooden furnitures. Government Department of Rural Development, Department of Agriculture etc. organises training and exihibitions for the farmers coming from all over. The visitors can stay in hotels at Hajipur or they can hire luxury Swiss cottages erected on sand dunes beside river Gandak. The tent and cottages are provided by State Tourism Department only during fair. Vaishali Mahotsava.[9] Ancient village of Vaishali is located 35 km North-West of Hajipur. The place can be reached by road and offers many archeological places to see which includes Buddha Stupa, Ashokan Piller, Abhisek Puskarani (coronation Tank of Vajji Rulers) etc. All the places can be seen during day long visit by arranging a private transport. Vaishali Mahotsava (great celebration) is held every year on Baisakh Purnima (Full Moon Day of 1st Hindu Month) during mid-April to celebrate the birth anniversary of 24th Jain Tirthankar Lord Mahavir who born here in the village Kundalpur, 4 km from Vaishali. The soil of this land is blessed by the visit of Lord Buddha twice during 3rd century BC. Transport Rail link Hajipur is the headquarters of East Central Railways. Three rail lines connect it to Muzaffarpur, Chhapra, and Barauni. Important trains like Guwahati Rajdhani Express(2235/2236), Vaishali Express(2553/2554),Bihar Sampark Kranti Express(2565/2566), Garib Rath Express (2203/2204), Swatantrata Senani Express(2561/2562), Sabarmati Express, Lohit Express, Lichhavi Express(4005/4006) and all other trains passing through this route have stoppages here. Air Patna Airport - 13.2 miles (21.2 km). Patna airport is well connected through road. Buses , taxis, auto available 24*7. Roads Buses and auto-rickshaws connect the city with the state capital Patna. Buses are also available to Muzaffarpur, Goraul, Samastipur, Raxaul, Motihari, Bettiah, Siwan, Chhapra, and Siliguri. Education Schools G.A.Inter School,Jai Govind High School,Pekauli,Gyandeep Central School.Jadhua,Green Field Public High School,Jadhua, Oasis Public School, Sri Mulkjada Singh High School, Guru Vasisth Vidyayan, Gyan Jyoti Public School, St. Paul's High School,Baghmali, St Paul's School, Izra, Surajdeo Memorial School, Indian Public School, St. John's Public School, DAV Public School, Kendriya Vidyalay, Town High School, Xavier's School, Dighi

High School, Hajipur Girls High School, Oxford High School, Vaishali Central School Rajason, Vikas Vidyala, Prem High School, SKS Seminary, Raj Kishor High School(Badi yusufpur), B.D.Public School,R.S.PUBLIC SCHOOL,R.S.Kids,Sagar Academy School,saraswati vidya mandir,Jay Mata Di Public School(M.P.colony),Maunt Carmel Public School(Near Kakrahata Bhawan),Hi-Tech Public School,Children's paradise, P.K.Jha residential high School,Sahyogi High School,Christ Church High School,Royel Model Residential School,Juhari Bajar, Green Garden Public School(Hathsarganj),r.k middile school (imadpursultan sahdullahpur),St.joseph's public school, (sarai)Residential Students' Academy(Raj Bhawan,Bagdulhan).. Colleges & institutes S N S College, R.N. College,B. M.D. College, Deo Chand College, Jamunilal College, Vaishali Mahila Mahavidyalaya,Women's College, RBS college Ekara, Sukhdew Mukhlal College Jadhua,Chaurasiya Raj Kishore Mahavidyalaya Yusufpur,Teachers Training College Dighhi,B.S. Inter-College, ANM Training School, Kent Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Industrial Training Institute (ITI), Institute of Hotel Management & Applied Nutrition, Central Institute of Plastic Engineering and Technology (CIPET), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER). Lalganj Lalganj is a city and a municipality in Vaishali district in the Indian state of Bihar. Contents 1 Geography 2 Demographics 3 References 4 See also Geography Lalganj is located at 25.87N 85.18E[1]. It has an average elevation of 42 metres (137 feet).The one of the famous temple in the city is 'Surya Mandir' which is located in the mid of the city. Demographics As of 2001 India census[2], Lalganj had a population of 29,847. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Lalganj has an average literacy rate of 51%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 60%, and female literacy is 42%. In Lalganj, 18% of the population is under 6 years of age. Mahnar Bazar Mahnar Bazar (Hindi: ) is a city and a municipality in Vaishali district in the Indian state of Bihar. Demographics As of 2001 India census[1], Mahnar Bazar had a population of 37,354. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Mahnar Bazar has an average literacy rate of 43%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 52%, and female literacy is 33%. In Mahnar Bazar, 20% of the population is under 6 years of age.

West Champaran district West Champaran (Hindi: , Urdu: Marib apra Zil) is an administrative district in the state of Bihar in India. It is a part of Tirhut Division. The district headquarters are located at Bettiah. The district occupies an area of 5229 km and has a population of 3,043,044 (as of 2001). It is known for its porous border with Nepal, as well as the high levels of crime and smuggling that accompany this. It was the main transit point for Ganja and Weapons travelling between India and Nepal, however the new government in Bihar has led to a significant reduction in kidnapping and smuggling in the area. Contents 1 Statistics 2 Notable people Statistics Headquarter: Bettiah Area: 5,228 km2 Population: Total: 2,333,666 Rural: 2098298 Urban: 235,368 Sub Divisions: Bettiah, Bagaha, Narkatiaganj Blocks: Bettiah, Sikta, Mainatand, Chanpattia, Bairia, Lauria, Bagaha - 1, Bagaha - 2, Madhubani, Gaunaha, Narkatiaganj, Manjhaulia, Nautan, Jogapatti, Ramnagar, Thakraha, Bhitaha, Piprasi Agriculture: Rich paddy fields, Sugar Cane, Cane reeds Industry: Sugar Factories Rivers: Gandak Notable people Mahatma Gandhi started Satyagrah Andolan from here. Valmiki Rishi wrote Ramayana here. Famous hindi poet Gopal Singh Nepali who became the one man army was born in Bettiah. Sarayu Dwivedi was born in Bhitaha Nizamat. He was highly qualified in Shanskrit. Bagaha Bagaha (Hindi: ) is a city and a municipality in Pashchim Champaran district in the state of Bihar, India. Contents 1 Geography 2 Demographics 3 General information 4 Attractions 5 Bagaha Panchayat 6 Industries Geography Bagaha is located at 24.53N 85.03E. It has an average elevation of 135 metres (442 feet). Demographics

As of 2001 India census,[1] Bagaha had a population of 91,383. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Bagaha has an average literacy rate of 38%, lower than the national average of 59.5%; with 66% of the males and 34% of females literate. 19% of the population is under 6 years of age. General information Bagaha is on the banks of the Gandak river. The area is very fertile due to its location in the terai of the Himalayas. The main crops grown here are sugarcane, wheat and rice. The place was infamous for its crime and a flourishing kidnapping industry, but, after the change of government in the state, the crime is nullified. Development has been seen. The road connecting to Patna is now National Highway 28B. Electrical supply has drastically improved with six hydroelectric plants, of which two are already working. Bagaha itself is a Police district with its own superintendent of police. Town has three cinema halls, one civil court, one subdivisional hospital, and government and private high schools and colleges. Bagaha is divided into two blocks Bagaha-1 and Bagaha-2. Bagaha-1 includes the main market of Bagaha, i.e., Bagaha Bazar, hospital. Bagaha-2 includes Bagaha Civil Court, Railway Station, Sugar mill. One cinema hall named Chitrangada is in Bagaha-1, the other two lie in Bagaha-2, named Kamla Talkies and Dhruv Talkies. The town is well connected to Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Amritsar,Deharadoon, Haridwar, Delhi, Porbandar Gandhinagar and Varanasi with superfast trains. Some of the trains run through bagaha are Awadh(Bandra) Exp., Saptakranti Exp., Satyagrah Exp., MotihariPorbandar Exp., Bapudham Exp., Awadh Asam Exp., Dehradoon Exp., Purvanchal Exp., Jannayak exp. etc A person who lives in a village(Banchahari) of Bagaha district, named "Harendra Kumar Singh" is the a great ideologiest personality in this area. He has deep knowledge in every fields like Astrology, Geography, History, Litrature, Political Science, Society, familly relations etc. He is a Teacher in Government School in Banchahari. Attractions Bagaha is the newest district of Bihar. Bagaha is well known city in West Champaran district, Bagaha and the areas nearby are full of natural beauty and historical significance. Around 10 km away from Bagaha, is the Valmikinagar Wildlife Sanctuary. The forest is full of subtropical trees like sal, sagwan, bamboo, and cane. It is also full of royal Bengal tigers, black bears, pythons, leopard, and many species of deer and birds. The Department of Tourism in Bihar state is now giving special packages for this area for better tourism options. The Valmikinagar area is in Bagaha police district, and is now gaining popularity with its motels and Guest houses on the bank of Budhi Gandak with the boundary of Nepal. In present time Bagaha becomes a very fast developing district. A village named Banchahari have not a well identitty but there are some important peoples are living in this village. A person of Banchahari named Kundan Singh is now the part of the one of the Best Industry in world. He is working as a HR manager in Deloitte.

About 35 km from Bagaha bazar (bagaha-1) is a small hamlet called Valmikinagar, a place of strategic as well as mythological importance. It is said that this was the place where Sita stayed with her two sons when banished from Ayodhya by Lord Rama. Two temples are their with remnants of the Hawan Kund, etc. After Valmikinagar, Nepal starts and there is a large barrage on the Gandak river that is the border between the two countries. The forest area is full of old temples of religious significance. Valmikinagar forest is taken under tiger reserved project.There is an old Saligram Temple in the middle of the town it is believed that the Saligram was brought in a Chunauti and the size of the Saligram stone has enlarged in bigger size. The Temple has very large premises.Bagaha and the regions close to it are full of scenic beauty and historical significance. Around 10 km from Bagaha is the Valmikinagar wildlife sanctuary. The forest is full of subtropical trees like sal, sagwan, bamboo and cane and is home to animals like the royal bengal tiger, black bear, python, leopard and many species of deer and birds. About 35 km. from Bagaha is the small village of Valmikinagar, a place of strategic as well as legendary importance. It is believed that this was the place where Sita resided with her two sons after being banished from Ayodhya by Lord Rama. From the point where Valmikinagar ends, Nepal starts and there is a big barrage on the Gandak River, which acts as the border between the two countries. The forest region has many old temples of religious significance. The Valmikinagar forest has been registered under tiger reserved project. The nearest famous town to bagaha is Gorakhpur, which can be easily reached through railway, as a number of trains run via bagaha for Gorakhpur. In the way to Gorakhpur there is a famous religious place named "Madanpur Wali Mata(Maa Durga)". It is said that wishes are fulfilled there if wished with deep heart. There is a historical place in NandanGarh where the Ashok pillar was found. Bagaha Panchayat Bagaha is divided into two Block (Parakhand), Bagaha-I and Bagaha-II. mc Village Panchayats of Bagaha-I: Bansgawn Manjhariya, Bargawn,Baswariya, Bhairoganj, Bhaisahi Padar Khap, Bibi Bankatwa, Chandra Pur Ratwal, Chandraha Rupbaliya, Chautarwa Lagunaha, Hardi Nadawa, Inglisiya, Kolahua Chautarwa, kuuti, Mahipur Bhathaura, Majhauwa, Mehura, Nadda, Parsa Banchahari, Patilar, Raibari Mahuawa, Salaha Bariyarwa, Singari Pipariya, Siswa Basantpur, Tesrahiya Bathuwariya, Bairagi Sonbarsa, Bairati Bariyarwa, Bakuli Pachgawa, Balmiki Nagar, Balua Chhatraul, Belahawa Madanpur, Bharchhi, Binwaliya Bodsar, Borwal Narwal, Champapur Gonauli, Chamwaliya, Devariya Taruanwa, Dholbajwa Laxmipur, Harna Tanr, Jimari Nautanwa, Kharhat Trivawni, Laxmipur Rampurwa, Mahuawa Katharwa, Mangalpur Awsani, Naurangiya Dardri, Nayagaon Rampur, Paikwaliya Marjadpur and Santpur Sohriya Village Panchayats of BAGAHA-II: Bairagi Sonbarsa, Bairati Bariyarwa, Bakuli Pachgawa, Balmiki Nagar, Balua Chhatraul, Belahawa Madanpur, Bharchhi, Binwaliya Bodsar, Borwal Narwal, Champapur Gonauli, Chamwaliya, Devariya Taruanwa, Dholbajwa Laxmipur, Harna Tanr, Jimari Nautanwa, Kharhat Trivawni, Laxmipur Rampurwa, Mahuawa

Katharwa, Mangalpur Awsani, Naurangiya Dardri, Nayagaon Rampur, Paikwaliya Marjadpur, Santpur Sohriya, Semara Kathkuiya and Yamunapur Tarbalia Industries Sugar factory Distillery (Under Construction) Bettiah Bettiah (Hindi: , Urdu: ) is the headquarters of West Champaran district in the state of Bihar, near the Indo-Nepal border, 225 Kilometres north-west of Patna. Bettiah, pronounced as 'Betiya', derived its name from 'baint' (A special type of plant which is similar to cane; used for furniture making and also finds its application during festivities). It was grown here extensively in the past but not at present. Its spelling - Bettiah was first used during British period and it remains so. [1] Contents 1 History 2 Geography 3 Prominent places 4 Prominent Villages 5 Demographics 6 Education 7 Banks 8 Notable people 9 Temples 10 Masjids 11 Churches 12 Ponds 13 Cinema halls 14 Transportation History The city inherits a very rich culture. It is the birth place of famous poet Gopal Singh 'Nepali'. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi started the Satyagraha movement from here in 1917. In 1959, when The Prime Minister Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru visited Bettiah, said that "This city will be the fifth Metro City of the country.". During The British rule, the entire region surrounding Bettiah was extensively used for indigo plantation. Indigo cultivation yielded quick benefits to the British colonizers but frequent cultivation of indigo even for few years ruined the entire subsoil decreasing the possibility of any further cultivation of any kind. Even now, the regions of Indigo cultivation in the past are barren & have only scrub vegetation in stark contrast. Bettiah Raj was well known for its eighteen hundred square miles of land, yielding a rental of almost 2 million rupees which was second largest in BIHAR. In India the land rental system was termed as zamindari, which was later banned by the government and all the rented land was acquired. Geography

Bettiah is located at 26.8N 84.5E.[2] It has an average elevation of 65 metres (213 feet). Bettiah has hot summers and chilling winters. In summers the temperature goes up to 44-46 degrees Celsius while in winters the temperature goes as low as 2 5 degrees Celsius. It has heavy annual rainfall of about 200240 cm which often causes floods. Bettiah lies in the alluvial plains of gandak basin. It is located near the River Gandak. A small rainfeeded river name Kohda ( Means Red Pumpkin in Hindi) crosses this city near K R High School. The region faces mild thunders during the change of season. There is a huge forest reserve area near Bettiah which is called 'Udaypur forest area' (Udaypur Jungle), which comes under the tiger saving project called 'Valmiki Vyaghra Pariyojana'.There is one most famous village namely 'Jagirahan' 9 kilometers in west from Bettiah. It was well known since 1976 due to foundation of Madarsa Nurul Islam (Islamic Awareness School). This School was founded by Mr. Abdul Aziz who is the first Islamic scholar in the Baghi & Pipra Panchayet. Toward that day, It has been running properly & bringing up many students. Prominent places Bettiah has two notable open fields known as "Bada Ramana"("Ramana" means field in local vernacular) and "Chota Ramana" respectively. Bada Ramana also home to the football stadium known as "Maharaja Satadium" and an orphanage known as "Anathalaya" It borders with a "math"("Math" means spiritual place) known as "Santawan Das Math". Chota Ramana is home to the city centre known as "Town Hall". It is a venue for important meetings and functions. Chota Ramana borders with the "Saat Saheed Sthal"("The Seven Martyrs") and the city library. Notable markets in Bettiah are Meena Bazar and Lal Bazar. Prominent Villages 1. Jagirahan 2. Pipra Nawrangia 3. Belbanwa 4. Harpurwa , 5. Machcharganwa 6. Mahabir Pur Demographics As of 2001 India census[3], Bettiah had a population of 116,692. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Education Schools 1. Alok Bharti Sikshan Sansthan 2. K.R.(Khrist Raja) High School 3. Assembly of God Church School 4. Saraswati Sishu Vidya Mandir 5. St.Michael Academy 6. St.Xavier's Higher Secondary School 7. St .Teresa Girls' High school 8. Notre Dame Public School

9. Natarhat Public School 10. Raj Inter College 11. Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya 12. Bipin High School 13. Kendriya Vidyalaya 14. National Public High School 15. Amna Urdu High School 16. Madrasa Islamia 17. Yatimkhana Bagariya 18. Radha Dulari Sarswati Sisu mandir 19. Holly Mission Public School 20. Gyanoday Bharti School 21. St. Marry Public School 22. St. Remigious Public School 23. St. Jhon Girls High School 24. Tirwah National Public High School 25. Madrasa Nurul Islam Jagirahan founded in 1976 Alok Bharti Sikshan Sansthan: It was founded by Late Mr. Hari Babu in 1965. It is well known for Education and Discipline. The alumini of this school have joined the top universities/IITs/NITs/Medical/MBA/C.A/UPSC in India. There are many successful Engineers, Doctors, IAS Officers and NDAs. Some of them are A. Devnath, Sajjad, R.K.Barnawal, Md. Nehal, P.K. Gupta, J.K. Gupta, P.R. Dubey, A.K Pandey and many others. Assembly of God Church School: The school is well known for its education quality and discipline. Students from here are well placed in almost each of the top university/C.A/IITs/Medical/MBA Colleges in India. K.R.(Khrist Raja) High School: It was established in the year 1927 and was a boys school till 1998, when co-education started in this school. The alumni of this school have joined almost each of the top universities/IITs/ medical colleges in India. There are many successful Actors, Engineers, Doctors. Some of them are Satrudhan Sinha, Manoj Bajpai, A.K Roy, C.K Gupta, R.C Ram and many others. St.Xavier's Higher Secondary School: It was established in the year 1999, in the K R High School campus and has emerged as one of the best schools of the town. Saraswati Sishu/Vidya Mandir: It was built in the year 1989 and is located in Dr. Hedgewar Nagar which is 5 km east of Bettiah. The school has established itself as an important place for learning. Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya: It is another premier school for learning in the district. It is located in Vrindavan (6 km from Bus Stand). Colleges 1. Maharani Janki Kunwar College (named after late Maharani Janki of Bettiah Raj) 2. Ram Lakhan Singh Yadav College (RLSY College, Bettiah)

3. Mahila College (Woman's College) 4. Gulab Memorial collage (named after Shaikh Gulab ,a freedom fighter). Maharani Janki Kunwar College: There is a plan to convert Maharani Janki Kunwar Hospital (biggest hospital in North Bihar) into a Medical college and also to establish engineering and management colleges. Ram Lakhan Singh Yadav College: This college transformed into a reputed educational institution from small college started from one room in early eighties. It's the first college to offer BCA Degree(Bachelor of Computer Application) in West Champaran. Madarsa Nurul Islam Jagirahan: It was founded by Late Mr. Abdul Aziz Sahib in 1976 to bring religious revolution in Muslim people. Mr. Abdul Aziz was neither renowned person nor big scholar but he was only awarded Mowalwi degree from Bihar Urdu Madras Board. Mr. Abdul Aziz had been working to make this fruitful for Muslim people as he could educationally & financially. Very soon, Rich persons of the village started to extend their hands to help him to educate the generation. Some of them, devoted their lands to establish a hut for this education place. Many people were getting interest gradually to improve it. Banks Due to developing market and business, many banks have come forward to provide with loans and facilities. Lists of bank currently operating in Bettiah: 1. State Bank of India 2. Canara Bank 3. Axis Bank 4. Punjab National Bank 5. Allahabad Bank 6. ICICI Bank 7. ING Vysya 8. HDFC Bank 9.Bank Of Baroda 10.Union Bank of India Notable people Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, started Satyagrah Yatra from Bettiah in 1917 Gopal Singh Nepali, famous poet from Bettiah Manoj Bajpai, famous bollywood actor Temples 1. Durga Badi Mandir 2. Durga Bagh Temple 3. Kali Mandir 4. Shiv Mandir ITI colony 5. Santoshi Mata Mandir 6. Santawan Das Math 7. Joda Shiwalay Mandir

8. Shri Rani Sati Mandir Masjids 1.Jangi Masjid 2.Madarsa Islamia Masjid 3.Kalibagh Masjid 4.Mansa Tola Masjid 5.Baswaria Masjid 6.Mahawat Toli Masjid Churches 1. Catholic Church Ponds 1. Sagar Pokhra 2. Uttarwari Pokhra 3. Haribatika Pokhra Cinema halls 1.Ajanta 2.Janta 3.Liberty 4.Supriya 5.Urvashi 6.Pitambra Transportation Bettiah is well connected by roads and railways and by airplane to all major cities. Railways provide with cheap transport and trade. Due to the opening of broad gauge and new trains, Bettiah has got new lease of life. There is a non - operative airport in Bettiah which was operated in the past during old British time. Chanpatia Chanpatia (Hindi: ) is a city and a notified area in Paschim Champaran district in the state of Bihar, India. Demographics As of 2001 India census,[1] Chanpatia had a population of 22,029. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Chanpatia has an average literacy rate of 49%, lower than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 58% and female literacy of 39%. 19% of the population is under 6 years of age. Chanpatia is 17 kilometres from Bettiah. Farming is the main industry in the area. The Budhi Gandak river runs through the town. Narkatiaganj Narkatiaganj is a city and a notified area in Pashchim Champaran district in the Indian state of Bihar. Contents 1 Demographics

2 Major places of Narkatiaganj 3 Educational Institutions 4 Places of interest 5 References Demographics As of 2001 India census[1], Narkatiaganj had a population of 40,830. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Narkatiaganj has an average literacy rate of 59%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 68%, and female literacy is 49%. In Narkatiaganj, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age. Major places of Narkatiaganj Narkatiaganj Railway junction is a part of north-east railway. It is well connected with major cities of India like Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata. There are many trains which connect these places to NarkatiaGanj. Major areas include Shanti Nagar,Poorani bazar,Shivganj,Naya tola,Prakash Nagar,Marwari Moohalla,Suman Vihar,Professor's Colony,Pokhra Chowk,Alok Vihar,Pandey tola,Hardia Chowk etc.Sujoy Dutta a prominent personality in legal field, once used to live in this very place of Narkatiaganj. Educational Institutions TP Verma college is situated at the outer part of the town which has curriculum for graduations and intermediates. High School Narkatiaganj is the biggest school of the town with more than two thousand students. There are two more schools in the town, namely,Railway boys high school and Matisara kunwar girls high school. Places of interest This section may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Please improve this section if you can. The talk page may contain suggestions. (January 2011) Narkatiaganj is a subdivision of west champaran, a district of North Bihar. Here, historical "CHANAKI GARH",which is said to be a palace of CHANAKYA in the period of MAURYA Chandragupta, is situated.Very near to Narkatiaganj an "IRON PILLAR" established by King Ashoka is also present, representing the glorios history of India. A witness of 1917 SATYAGRAHA movement,the famous "BHITIHARWA ASHRAM" also represents the sacrifices of Mahtma Gandhi. NEW SWADESHI SUGAR MILLS Ltd,a SUGAR COMPANY of Birla group, is important source of for the economy of this town.various temples such as Birla Mandir,GOPALA BABA Mandir,Satyanarain mandir,and Big mosque represent the religious faith of the people of this town. A river known as Harbora river show the natural beauty. The Main market place is situated very near to the Police station as well as the Railway Station, hence is very crowded. The market showcases a good mix of modern as well as traditional stuff. For the movie buffs, the town offers three Cinema halls - Himalaya,Bhagwati,Jaishree. Hindi, Bhojpuri films are the main attractions here.

In this town, T.P.Varma College(Bhim Rao Ambedakar University,Muzaffarpur) is the centre for higher studies situated in Gopala Sthan. Nowadays lots of institutions are coming forward for the educational development of this city. People of this town are very petriotic and religious. Durga Puja & Chhatth Puja are the main festivals which celebrated in great spirits. Ramnagar, Paschim Champaran Ramnagar is a city and a notified area in Pashchim Champaran district in the Indian state of Bihar. Demographics As of 2001 India census[1], Ramnagar had a population of 38,549. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Ramnagar has an average literacy rate of 48%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 57%, and female literacy is 38%. In Ramnagar, 19% of the population is under 6 years of age. Neha Pathak an illuminary in legal field use to live in this very place of Ramangar