Carter, an anti-socialist, tightened the embargo placed on Pakistan and placed a pressure through the United States Ambassador

to Pakistan, Brigadier-General Henry Byroade.[22] The socialist orientation, and Bhutto's proposed left-wing theories, had badly upset the United States With Carter's election, Bhutto lost all links to United States administration he had through President Nixon. Bhutto had to faced the embargo and pressure from the American President who was totally against the political objectives which Bhutto had set forth for his upcoming future plans. In 1974, with India carried out the test of nuclear weapons near the Pakistan's eastern border, codename Smiling Buddha, Bhutto sought United States to impose economic sanctions in India.[21] Though it was unsuccessful approach, in a meeting of Pakistan's Ambassador to United States with Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, a fait accompli and that Pakistan would have to learn to live with it, the Pakistan's ties with United States were better and improved. In December 24, 1979, the Soviet 40th Army crossed borders, rolling into Afghanistan, President Carter issued his doctrine (see Carter Doctrine). The silent features offers the creation of the Rapid Deployment Force (RDF), increasing the deployment of United States Naval Forces Central Command (NAVCENT), a collective security framework in the region and a commitment to the defence of Pakistan by transfer of significant amount of weapons and Monetarism. In 1981, Pakistan and the United States agreed on a $3.2 billion military and economic assistance program aimed at helping Pakistan deal with the heightened threat to security in the region and its economic development needs. With US assistance, in the largest covert operation in history, Pakistan armed and supplied anti-Soviet fighters in Afghanistan who successfully kept the Soviets at bay. In the 1980s, Pakistan agreed to pay $658 million for 28 F-16 fighter jets from the United States; however the American congress froze the deal citing objections to Pakistani nuclear ambitions. Under the terms of the American cancellation, they kept both the money and the planes, leading to angry claims of theft by Pakistanis. After Ronald Reagan came to office, defeating Carter for the US Presidency in 1980, all this changed, The Reagan administration and Reagan himself was a great supporter of Pakistan's military regime, American officials visiting country on a routine basis he U.S. political intelligentsia in Pakistan had effectively curbed down the liberals, socialists, communists, and democracy tendency in the country in 1983, instead advising Zia to hold the non-partisans elections in 1985.[8] General Akhtar Abdur Rahman of ISI and William Casey of CIA worked together in harmony, and in an atmosphere of mutual trust.

he U.S. intelligence community also helped Zia to expand the idea of Establishment, in the national politics of Pakistan, approving the sell of F-16 Fighting Falcon, nuclear technology, naval warships and furthermore intelligence training and efforts After the restoration of democracy after the disastrous and mysterious death of Zia and U.S. Ambassador in an aviation crash. The relations quickly deteriorated with upcoming prime ministers Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif. The United States took tough stand on Pakistan's nuclear development, passing the Pressler amendment, while significantly improving the relations with India Both Benazir and Nawaz Sharif also asked the United States to take steps to stop the Indian nuclear programme, feeling that United States was not doing enough to address what Pakistan saw as an existential threat In 1992 US Ambassador Nicholas Platt advised Pakistan's leaders that if Pakistan continued to support terrorists in India or Indian-administered territory, "the Secretary of State may find himself required by law to place Pakistan on the state sponsors of terrorism list."[27] When the US decided to respond to the 1998 United States embassy bombings in Africa by firing missiles at an al-Qaeda camp in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan, five Pakistani intelligence agents present at the camp were killed n 1989, Benazir Bhutto made a quick visit in the U.S. asking U.S. to stop financing the Afghan mujahideen to President George H. W. Bush, which she marked "America's Frankenstein".[28] This was followed by Nawaz Sharif who visited the U.S. in 1990, but U.S. gave cold shoulder to Pakistan, asking Pakistan to stop developing the nuclear deterrence. In 1990, Prime minister Nawaz Sharif travels to U.S. to solve the nuclear crises after the U.S. had tightened its economic embargo on Pakistan, prompting Sharif and then-Treasure Minister Sartaj Aziz to held talks on Washington.[29] It was widely reported in Pakistan that the U.S. Assistant Secretary of State Teresita Schaffer had told the Foreign Minister Shahabzada Yaqub Khan to halt the uranium enrichment programme In 1995, Prime minister Benazir Bhutto made final visit to U.S. urging President Bill Clinton to amend the Pressler Amendment and emphasized United States to launch a campaign against the extremism, with Pakistan allying with the United States In 1998, Prime minister Nawaz Sharif ordered to conduct first nuclear tests after Benazir Bhutto called for the tests (see Chagai-I and Chagai-II), in response to

Indian nuclear tests (see Pokhran-II). Nawaz Sharif's ordering the nuclear tests was met with great hostility and ire in the United States after President Clinton placing the economic embargo on Pakistan. The relations were also refrained and strained after Nawaz Sharif became involved with Kargil war with India, while India's relations with Israel and U.S greatly enhanced. Soon after the tests, Benazir Bhutto publicly announced her believe that her father was "sent to the gallows at the instance of the superpower for pursuing the nuclear capability After the September 11 attacks in 2001 in the United States, Pakistan became a key ally in the war on terror with the United States. In 2001, US President George W. Bush pressured the government into joining the US war on terror. Pervez Musharraf acknowledges the payments received for captured terrorists in his book: We've captured 689 and handed over 369 to the United States. We've earned bounties totaling millions of dollars. Former President of Pakistan Pervez Musharraf In 2003, the US officially forgave US$1 billion in Pakistani debt in a ceremony in Pakistan as one of the rewards for Pakistan joining the US war on terror. In October 2005, Condoleezza Rice made a statement where she promised that the United States will support the country's earthquake relief efforts and help it rebuild" after the Kashmir Earthquake n 2008, NSA Director Mike McConnell confronted ISI Director Ahmad Shuja Pasha, claiming that the ISI was tipping off jihadists so that they could escape in advance of American attacks against them On 11 June 2008, the Gora Prai airstrike, on the Afghan-Pakistani border, killed 10 members of the paramilitary Frontier Corps. The Pakistani military condemned the airstrike as an act of aggression, souring the relations between the two countries. The United States and Pakistan have experienced several military confrontations on the Durand Line. These skirmishes took place between American forces deployed in Afghanistan, and Pakistani troops guarding the border. On November 26, 2011, 24 Pakistani soldiers were killed in an aerial attack on Pakistani positions near the border. The attack further damaged US-Pakistani relations with many in Pakistan calling for a more hardline stance against the United States On 14 September 2009, former President of Pakistan, Pervez Musharraf, admitted that American foreign aid to Pakistan had been diverted from its original purpose of fighting the Taliban to preparing for war against neighboring India.[58] The United States government has responded by stating that it will take these allegations seriously.[59] However Pervez Musharraf also said, '"Wherever there

is a threat to Pakistan, we will use it [the equipment] there. If the threat comes from al-Qaeda or Taliban, it will be used there. If the threat comes from India, we will most surely use it there. n October 2009, the US Congress approved $7.5 billion of non-military aid to Pakistan over the next five years via the Kerry-Lugar Bill. In February 2010, US President Barack Obama sought to increase funds to Pakistan to "promote economic and political stability in strategically important regions where the United States has special security interests".[46] Obama also sought $3.1 billion aid for Pakistan to defeat Al Qaeda for 2010 Osama bin Laden, then head of the militant group al-Qaeda, was killed in Pakistan on May 2, 2011, shortly after 1 a.m. local time[87][88] by a United States special forces military unit. The operation, codenamed Operation Neptune Spear, was ordered by United States President Barack Obama and carried out in a US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) operation by a team of United States Navy SEALs from the United States Naval Special Warfare Development Group (also known as DEVGRU or informally by its former name, SEAL Team Six) of the Joint Special Operations Command, with support from CIA operatives on the ground.[89][90] The raid on bin Laden's compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan was launched from Afghanistan.[91] After the raid, U.S. forces took bin Laden's body to Afghanistan for identification, then buried it at sea within 24 hours of his death.[92] Al-Qaeda confirmed the death on May 6 with posts made on militant websites, vowing to avenge the killing.[93] Bin Laden's killing was generally favorably received by U.S. public opinion;[94][95] was welcomed by the United Nations, NATO, the European Union, and a large number of governments;[96] but was condemned by some, including Fidel Castro of Cuba[97] and Ismail Haniyeh, the head of the Hamas administration of the Gaza Strip.[98] Legal and ethical aspects of the killing, such as his not being taken alive despite being unarmed, were questioned by others, including Amnesty International.[99] According to Obama administration officials, US officials did not share information about the raid with the government of Pakistan until it was over.[92] [100] Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Michael Mullen called Pakistan's army chief Ashfaq Parvez Kayani at about 3 a.m. local time to inform him of the Abbottabad Operation.[101] According to the Pakistani foreign ministry, the operation was conducted entirely by the US forces.[102] Pakistan Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) officials said they were also present at what they called a joint operation;[103] President Asif Ali Zardari flatly denied this.[104] Pakistan's foreign secretary Salman Bashir later confirmed that Pakistani military had scrambled F-16s after they became

aware of the attack but that they reached the compound after American helicopters had left