http://en.wikipedia.

org/wiki/Barnala_district Punjab Punjab (pronounced /pndb/ ( listen); Punjabi: (Gurmukhi)) is a state in northwest the Republic of India, forming part of the larger Punjab region. The state is bordered by the Indian states of Himachal Pradesh and Chandigarh to the east, Haryana to the south and southeast and Rajasthan to the southwest as well as the Pakistani province of Punjab to the west, it is also bounded to the north by Jammu and Kashmir. The state capital is Chandigarh, which is administered separately as a Union Territory because it is also the capital of Haryana. Major cities of Punjab includes Mohali, Ludhiana, Amritsar, Bathinda, Patiala and Jalandhar. After the partition of India in 1947, the Punjab province of British India was divided between India and Pakistan. The Indian Punjab was divided in 1966 with the formation of the new states of Haryana and Himachal Pradesh as well as the current state of Punjab. Agriculture is the largest industry in Punjab, it is the largest single provider of wheat to India. Other major industries include the manufacturing of scientific instruments, water meter, electrical goods, financial services, machine tools, textiles, sewing machines, sports goods, starch, tourism, fertilizers, bicycles, garments, and the processing of pine oil and sugar. Punjab also has the largest number of Steel Rolling Mill Plants in India which are located in Steel Town Mandi Gobindgarh, District Fatehgarh Sahib. Contents:- Etymology/ Geography/ Location/Climate and Temperature/ Wildlife/ History/ Ancient History/ Mughal Rule of Punjab/ Banda Singh Bahadur/ Sikh Misls/ The Sikh Empire/ The British in Punjab/ Independence and its /aftermath/ Formation of current Punjab/Demographics/ Religion/ Language/ Education/ Economy/ Government and politics/ Regions and Districts/ Administrative divisions/ Tourism/Transport/Digital Library of Panjab/Culture/ Bhangra/ Punjabi Folklore Etymology The word Doab is a combination of the Indo-Iranian words Doab (two) and b (water), and thus the (land of) two rivers.[2] The two rivers are the Beas and Sutlej. Sometimes, in English, there can be a definite article before the name i.e. the Doaba.[3] The name is also sometimes spelled as Duoab or Douaab or Doaab. Geography The geographical area of Punjab is 50,362 km2, in North-west of India. Its average elevation is 300 m from the sea level. Most of the Punjab is a fertile, alluvial plain with many rivers and an extensive irrigation canal system.[4] The southwest of the state is semi-arid, eventually merging into the Thar Desert. The Siwalik Hills extends along the northeastern part of the state at the foot of the Himalayas. The soil characteristics are influenced to a limited extent by the topography, vegetation and parent rock. The variation in soil profile characteristics are much more pronounced because

of the regional climatic differences. Punjab is divided into three distinct regions on the basis of soil types; southwestern, central, and eastern. Punjab falls under seismic zones II, III, and IV. Zones II and III are referred to as Low Damage Risk Zone while zone IV referred to as high damage risk zone.[5] Location Punjab extends from the latitudes 29.30 North to 32.32 North and longitudes 73.55 East to 76.50 East. It is bounded on the west by Pakistan, on the north by Jammu and Kashmir, on the northeast by Himachal Pradesh and on the south by Haryana and Rajasthan. Due to the presence of a large number of rivers, most of the Punjab is a fertile plain. A belt of undulating hills extends along the northeastern part of the state at the foot of the Himalayas. Climate and Temperature Punjab is situated in the North-Western part of India. The Punjab Climate is determined by the extreme hot and extreme cold conditions. The region lying near the foot hills of Himalayas receive heavy rainfall whereas the region lying at a distant from the hills, the rainfall is scanty and the temperature is high. Punjabs climate comprises three seasons. They are the summer months that spans from mid April to the end of June. The rainy season in Punjab is from the months of early July to end of September. The winter season in Punjab is experienced during the months of early December to the end of February. The transitional Seasons in Punjab are the post monsoon season and the post winter season. The temperature range in Punjab is from 2 to 40 C (min/max), but can reach 47 C (117 F) in summer and 4 C in winter. Climatically, Punjab has three major seasons as under:[4] * Hot weather (April to June) when temperature rises as high as 110 F. * Rainy season (July to September). Average rainfall annual ranges between 960 mm submountain region and 460 mm in the plains. * Cold weather (October to March). Temperature goes down as low as 40 F. Wildlife Male and female Blackbucks The Sivalik area is the richest area of Punjab in terms of floral and faunal diversity and has been identified as one of the micro-endemic zones of India. Amongst the Angiosperms, about 355 species of herbs, 70 tree species, 70 species of shrubs or under shrubs, 19 of climbers and 21 species of twiners have been recorded from the area. Apart from angiosperms, 31 species of Pteridophytes, 27 of bryophytes and one species of gymnosperms (Pinus roxburghii) have also been recorded. The area is also rich in faunal diversity including 396 species of birds, 214 species of Lepidoptera, 55 species of fish, 20 species of reptiles, and 19 species of mammals.[6] There are no natural forests in the plains; extensive tracts occur covered only with grass, shrubs and bushes. The mango fruit is largely cultivated in the south-east of the Punjab and attains a high degree of perfection about Multan and Hoshiarpur. Cultivated fruit trees,

such as orange, pomegranate, apple, peach, fig, mulberry, quince, apricot, almond, and plum are abundant in the region.[7] There are a number of wetlands, bird sanctuaries and zoological parks across Punjab. These include the Hari-Ke-Pattan National Wetland and Wildlife Sanctuary at Harike in Firozepur District, the Kanjli Wetland, the Kapurthala Sutlej Water Body Wetland, the Ropar Zoological Park, Chhatbir, Bansar Garden, Sangrur, the Aam Khas Bagh, Sirhind, the Ram Bagh Garden Amritsar, the Shalimar Garden, Kapurthala and the Baradari Garden at Patiala.[8] Alligators are also commonly found in local rivers. The silkworm is reared with great skill and industry, and bees produce abundant wax and honey. Camels thrive in the hot southern plains, and herds of buffaloes on the grazing lands adjoining the rivers. Horses are reared in the north-east part of the Punjab.[7] Among poisonous snakes there are the cobra and the sangehur, the bite of which causes instant death. Other mammals like the smoothcoated otter, hog deer, wild boar, flying fox, wildcat, squirrel, fruitbat, and mongoose can be seen in the wild and in reserves. The state bird of Punjab is the Baz (Eastern Goshawk)[9] (Melierax poliopterus),[10] the state animal is the Blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra), and the state tree is the Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo).[4] History Main article: History of the Punjab Ancient History Indus Valley Civilization spanned around much of the Punjab region with cities such as Harrapa (modern-day Punjab, Pakistan) and Ropar (modern-day Punjab, India). The arrival of the Indo-Aryans led to the flourishing of the Vedic Civilization along the length of the Indus River to cover most of Northern India. This civilization shaped subsequent cultures in the Indian Subcontinent and Afghanistan. Punjab was part of the great ancient empires including the Gandhara Mahajanapadas, Nandas, Mauryas, Sungas, Kushans, Guptas, Palas, Gurjara-Pratiharas and Hindu Shahis. Agriculture flourished and trading cities (such as Jalandhar and Ludhiana) grew in wealth. Due to its location, the Punjab region came under constant attack and influence from the west. Punjab faced invasions by the Persians, Greeks, Scythians, Turks, and Afghans. This resulted in the Punjab witnessing centuries of bitter bloodshed. Its legacy is a unique culture that combines Zorastrian, Hindu, Buddhist, Persian, Central Asian, Islamic, Afghan, Sikh and British elements. The city of Taxila, founded by son of Taksh the son Bharat who was the brother of Ram. It was reputed to house the oldest university in the world, Takshashila University, one of the teachers was the great Vedic thinker and politician Chanakya. Taxila was a great centre of learning and intellectual discussion during the Maurya Empire. It is a UN World Heritage site.

those of Alexander the Great, Chengiz Khan and Tamerlane. Of particular importance were the periods of contact between Punjab and various Persian Empires when the parts of it either became integrated with the empire itself, or was an autonomous region which paid taxes to the Persian King. In later centuries, when Persian was the language of the Mughal government, Persian architecture, poetry, art and music was an integral part of the region's culture. The official language of Punjab remained Persian until the arrival of the British in the mid 19th century, where it was finally abolished and the administrative language was changed over to English. Mughal Rule of Punjab The Mughals controlled the region from 1524 until 1739 and would also lavish the province with building projects such as the Shalimar Gardens and the Badshahi Mosque, both situated in Lahore. Muslim soldiers, traders, architects, theologians and Sufis flocked from the rest of the Muslim world to the Islamic Sultanate in South Asia and some may have settled in the Punjab. Following the decline of the Mughals, the Shah of Iran and founder of the Afsharid dynasty in Persia, Nader Shah crossed the Indus and sacked the province in 1739. Later, the Afghan conqueror Ahmad Shah Durrani, incidentally born in Panjab, in the city of Multan made the Punjab a part of his Durrani Empire lasting until 1762. The religion of Sikhism began at the time of the Conquest of Northern India by Babur. His grandson, Akbar supported religious freedom and after visiting the langar of Guru Amar Das had a favorable impression of Sikhism. As a result of his visit he donated land to the langar and had a positive relationship with the Sikh Gurus until his death in 1605.[11] His successor, Jahangir, saw the Sikhs as a political threat. He arrested Guru Arjun Dev because of Sikh support for Khusrau Mirza[12] and ordered him to be put to death by torture. Guru Arjan Dev's Martyrdom led to the sixth Guru, Guru Har Gobind, declaring Sikh sovereignty in the creation of the Akal Takht and the establishment of a fort to defend Amritsar.[13] Jahangir attempted to assert authority over the Sikhs by jailing Guru Har Gobind at Gwalior and released him after a number of years when he no longer felt threatened. Sikhism did not have any further issues with the Mughal Empire until the death of Jahangir in 1627. His successor, Shah Jahan "took offense" at Guru Har Gobind's sovereignty and after a series of assaults on Amritsar forced the Sikhs to retreat to the Sivalik Hills.[13] Guru Har Gobind's successor, Guru Har Rai maintained the guruship in the Sivalik Hills by defeating local attempts to seize Sikh land and taking a neutral role in the power struggle between Aurangzeb and Dara Shikoh for control of the Timurid dynasty. The ninth Guru, Guru Tegh Bahadur, moved the Sikh community to Anandpur and traveled extensively to visit and preach in Sikh communities in defiance Aurangzeb, who attempted to install Ram Rai to the guruship. He aided Kashmiri Brahmins in avoiding conversion to Islam and was arrested and confronted by Aurangzeb. When offered a choice between conversion or death, he chose to die rather than compromise his principles and was executed.[14] Guru Gobind Singh, assumed the guruship in 1675 and to avoid battles with Sivalik Hill Rajas moved the gurship

to Paunta. He built a large fort to protect the city and garrisoned an army to protect it. The growing power of the Sikh community alarmed Sivalik Hill Rajas who attempted to attack the city but the Guru's forces routed them at the Battle of Bhangani. He moved on to Anandpur and established the Khalsa, a collective army of baptized Sikhs, on March 30, 1699. The establishment of the Khalsa united the Sikh community against various Mughalbacked claimants to the guruship.[15] In 1701, a combined army composed of the Sivalik Hill Rajas and the Mughal army under Wazir Khan attacked Anandpur and, following a retreat by the Khalsa, were defeated by the Khalsa at the Battle of Mukstar. In 1707, Guru Gobind Singh accepted an invitation by Bahadur Shah I, Aurangzeb's successor to meet in southern India. When he arrived in Nanded in 1708, he was assassinated by agents of Wazir Khan, the governor of Sirhind. Banda Singh Bahadur Banda Singh Bahadur was an ascetic who converted to Sikhism after meeting Guru Gobind Singh at Nanded. A short time before his death, Guru Gobind Singh ordered him to reconquer Punjab and gave him a letter that commanded all Sikhs to join him. After two years of gaining supporters, Banda Singh Bahadur initiated an agrarian uprising by breaking up the large estates of Zamindar families and distributing the land to the poor Sikh, Hindu,and Muslim peasants who farmed the land.[16] Banda Singh Bahadur started his rebellion with the defeat of Mughal armies at Samana and Sadhaura and the rebellion culminated in the defeat of Sirhind. During the rebellion, Banda Singh Bahadur made a point of destroying the cities in which Mughals had been cruel to Sikhs, including executing Wazir Khan in revenge for the deaths of Guru Gobind Singh's sons after the Sikh victory at Sirhind.[17] He ruled the territory between the Sutlej river and the Yamuna river established a capital in the Himalayas at Lohgarh and struck coinage in the names of Guru Nanak and Guru Gobind Singh.[16] In 1716, his army was defeated by the Mughals after he attempted to defend his fort at Gurdas Nangal. He was captured along with 700 of his men and sent to Delhi where he was tortured and executed after refusing to convert to Islam. Sikh Misls Main article: Sikh Confederacy Maharaja Ranjit Singh in 1829 The period from 1716 to 1799 was a highly turbulent time politically and militarily in the Punjab. This was caused by the overall decline of the Mughal Empire.[18] This left a power vacuum that was eventually filled by the Sikhs in the late 18th century, after fighting off local Mughal remnants and allied Rajput leaders, Afghans, and occasionally hostile Punjabi Muslims who sided with other Muslim forces. Sikh warlords eventually formed their own independent Sikh administrative regions (misls), which were united in large part by Ranjit Singh. The Sikh Empire Main article: Sikh Empire

Sikh Empire At the beginning of the fifteenth century, the religion of Sikhism was born, and during the Mughal period gradually emerged as a formidable military force until subjugated and assimilated by the later rising and expanding Sikh Empire. After fighting Ahmad Shah Durrani, the Sikhs wrested control of the Punjab from his descendants and ruled in a confederacy, which later became the Sikh Empire of the Punjab under Maharaja Ranjit Singh. A denizen of the city of Gujranwala, the capital of Ranjit Singh's empire was Lahore.[19] The Sikh Empire (18011849) was formed on the foundations of the Punjabi Army by Maharaja Ranjit Singh. The empire extended from the Khyber Pass in the west, to Kashmir in the north, to Sindh in the south, and Tibet in the east. The main geographical footprint of the empire was the Punjab region. The religious demography of the Sikh Empire was Muslim (80%), Sikh (10%), Hindu (10%).[20] The foundations of the Sikh Empire could be defined as early as 1707, starting from the death of Aurangzeb and the downfall of the Mughal Empire. The fall of the Mughal Empire provided opportunities for the army, known as the Dal Khalsa, to lead expeditions against the Mughals and Afghans. This led to a growth of the army, which was split into different Punjabi armies and then semi-independent "misls". Each of these component armies were known as a misl, each controlling different areas and cities. However, in the period from 17621799, Sikh rulers of their misls appeared to be coming into their own. The formal start of the Sikh Empire began with the disbandment of the Punjab Army by the time of coronation of Ranjit Singh in 1801, creating a unified political state. All the misl leaders who were affiliated with the Army were nobility with usually long and prestigious family histories in Punjab's history.[21][22] Dalip Singh, the last Maharaja of Punjab. The golden throne of Maharaja Ranjit Singh After Ranjit Singh's death in 1839, the empire was severely weakened by internal divisions and political mismanagement. This opportunity was used by the British Empire to launch the Anglo-Sikh Wars. A series of events of the Sikhs being betrayed by some prominent leaders in the army led to its downfall. Maharaja Gulab Singh and Raja Dhian Singh, were Hindu Rajput Dogras from Jammu, and top Generals of the army.[23][24] The Sikh Empire was finally dissolved after a series of wars with the British at the end of the Second Anglo-Sikh War in 1849 into separate princely states and the British province of Punjab, which were granted statehood. Eventually, a Lieutenant Governorship was formed in Lahore as a direct representative of the British Crown. The British in Punjab By 1845 the British had moved 32,000 troops to the Sutlej frontier, to secure their northernmost possessions against the succession struggles in the Punjab. In late 1845, British and Sikh troops engaged near Ferozepur, beginning the First Anglo-Sikh War. The

war ended the following year, and the territory between the Sutlej and the Beas was ceded to Great Britain, along with Kashmir, which was sold to Gulab Singh of Jammu, who ruled Kashmir as a British vassal. The Maharaja's death in the summer of 1839 brought political chaos and the subsequent battles of succession and the bloody infighting between the factions at court weakened the state. Relationships with neighbouring British territories then broke down, starting the First Anglo-Sikh War; this led to a British official being resident in Lahore and the annexation of territory south of the Satluj to British India. Sikhs were the first people of the Punjab to rule their own land since Prithviraj Chauhan's defeat. As a condition of the peace treaty, some British troops, along with a resident political agent and other officials, were left in the Punjab to oversee the regency of Maharaja Dhalip Singh, a minor. The Sikh army was reduced greatly in size. In 1848, out-of-work Sikh troops in Multan revolted, and a British official was killed. Within a few months, the unrest had spread throughout the Punjab, and British troops once again invaded. The British prevailed in the Second Anglo-Sikh War, and under the Treaty of Lahore in 1849, the Punjab was annexed by the British East India Company, and Dhalip Singh was pensioned off. The Punjab became a province of British India, although a number of small states, most notably Patiala, retained local rulers who recognized British sovereignty. In every way, the Punjab was one of Great Britain's most important assets in colonial India. Its political and geographic predominance gave Britain a base from which to project its power over more than 500 princely states that made up India. Lahore was a center of learning and culture under British rule, and Rawalpindi became an important Army installation. The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre of 1919 occurred in Amritsar. In 1930, the Indian National Congress proclaimed independence from Lahore. The 1940 Lahore Resolution of the Muslim League to work for Pakistan, made Punjab the centerstage of a different, bloodier and dirtier struggle. In 1946, massive communal tensions and violence erupted between the majority Muslims of Punjab, and the Hindu and Sikh minorities. The Muslim League attacked the government of Unionist Punjabi Muslims, Sikh Akalis and the Congress, and led to its downfall. Unwilling to be cowed down, Sikhs and Hindus counter-attacked and the resulting bloodshed left the province in great disorder. Both Congress and League leaders agreed to partition Punjab upon religious lines, a precursor to the wider partition of the country. The British Punjab province, which includes present-day Punjab province of Pakistan, and the Indian states of Punjab, Haryana, Himachal pradesh was partitioned in 1947 prior to the independence of Pakistan and subsequently, India. Independence and its aftermath British Punjab Province,before 1947

In 1947 the Punjab province of British India was divided along religious lines into West Punjab and East Punjab. The western Punjab was assimilated into new country of Pakistan while the east Punjab stayed in India. This led to massive rioting as both sides committed atrocities against fleeing refugees. The Partition of India in 1947 split the former Raj province of Punjab; the mostly Muslim western part became the Pakistani province of West Punjab and the mostly Sikh and Hindu eastern part became the Indian province of Punjab. Many Sikhs and Hindus lived in the west, and many Muslims lived in the east, and so partition saw many people displaced and much intercommunal violence. Several small Punjabi princely states, including Patiala, also became part of India. The undivided Punjab, of which Punjab (Pakistan) forms a major region today, was home to a large minority population of Punjabi Sikhs and Hindus unto 1947 apart from the Muslim majority.[25] At the time of independence in 1947 and due to the ensuing horrendous exchange of populations, the Punjabi Sikhs and Hindus migrated to India.[26] Punjabi Muslims were uprooted similarly from their homes in East Punjab which now forms part of India.[27] Approximately 7 million plus who moved to Pakistan, over 6 million settled in Punjab. In 1950, two new states were created; the former Raj province became the state of Punjab, while the princely states were combined into the Patiala and East Punjab States Union (PEPSU). Himachal Pradesh was created as a union territory from several princely states and Kangra district. In 1956, PEPSU was merged into Punjab state, and several northern districts of Punjab in the Himalayas were transferred to Himachal Pradesh. Formation of current Punjab The capital of the undivided Province of Punjab, Lahore, ended up in Pakistan after partition, so a new capital for Indian Punjab was built at Chandigarh. After years of struggle by the Akali leadership(Punjabi Suba Movement) and detention of thousands of Sikhs and loss of many lives Punjab was divided on a linguistic basis. On 1 November 1966, the majority Hindi-speaking southern half of Punjab became a separate state, Haryana. Chandigarh was on the border between the two states, and became a separate union territory but serves as the capital of both Punjab and Haryana. Chandigarh was due to transfer to Punjab in 1986, but this has been delayed due to Indian government's appeasement of neighbouring Hindu majority Haryana. During the 1970s, the Green Revolution brought increased economic prosperity for the Punjab, mainly due to the late Sikh leader, Pratap Singh Kairon. However, a growing polarisation between the Indian National Congress led central government and the main Sikh political party, the Shiromani Akali Dal, began to widen during the 1970s. Hostility and bitterness arose from what was widely seen by the Sikhs as increasing alienation, centralization and discriminatory attitudes towards Punjab by the Government of India. This prompted the Shiromani Akali Dal to unanimously pass the Anandpur Sahib Resolution which among other things called for granting maximum autonomy to the region of Punjab and other states, and limited the role and powers of the Central Government.

Demographics Main article: Demographics of Punjab (India) Religion "PUNJAB" Religion No. of people[28] % of total Total population 24358999[29] 100% Sikhs 16,656,345 63.60% Hindus 7,997,942 34.00% Muslims 382,045 1.57 % Christians 292,800 1.20 % Buddhists 41,487 0.17 % Jains 39,276 0.16 % Others 8,594 0.04 % Population Growth Census Pop. % 1951 9,161,000 1961 11,135,000 21.5% 1971 13,551,000 21.7% 1981 16,788,915 23.9% 1991 20,281,969 20.8% 2001 24,289,296 19.8% source:Census of India[30][31] The Indian state of Punjab is 66% Sikh and 31% Hindu. There is a small Muslim population still living there, especially in Malerkotla.[28] In recent times, there is growing concern in the state about the immigration of labourers from other Indian states such as Orissa, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. Around 15-20% of Punjab's population is now made up of migrants from other states. The literacy rate in Punjab is 75%, male literacy being 80.23% and female literacy is 68.36%. Being an agricultural state, a large part of the population lives in the rural area. Approx. 66% of people live in rural areas while the rest 34% is urban resident. The state has a very skewed sex ratio, according to the 2001 census there are 876 females per 1000 males in Punjab. Religion See also: Sikhism Sikh Flag- The Nishan Sahib Sikhism is the predominant faith in Punjab. More than 60% of the people in the state are Sikhs, while the remaining population mostly follow a dual religious traditions, believing in Sikhism along with their major faith [citation needed]. The holiest of Sikh shrines, the Sri Harmandir Sahib Ji (or Golden Temple), is in the city of Amritsar. The Sri Akal Takht Sahib which resides within the Golden temple complex is the temporal seat of Sikhs. Of the five Takhts (Temporal Seats of religious authority) of Sikhism, three are in Punjab. These are Sri

Akal Takht Sahib, Damdama Sahib and Anandpur Sahib. Anandpur Sahib is where Guru Gobind Singh Ji created the Khalsa in 1699 on the day of Vaisakhi. During major holidays on the Sikh calendar (such as Vaisakhi, Hola Mohalla, Gurpurb and Diwali), many Sikhs gather and march in religious processions through virtually every city, town and village in Punjab. Sikhism is in fact so common that at least one Sikh Gurdwara can be found in almost every village in the state beside towns and cities (in various architectural styles and sizes). Hinduism has a large following in Punjab and is the second most practiced faith in Punjab. A large segment of Punjabis who are now categorized as Hindus or who identify themselves as Punjabi Hindus, continue to live out heterogeneous religious practice that includes spiritual kinship with Sikhism. This not only includes veneration of the Sikh Gurus in private practice, but also visit to Sikh Gurdwaras as well as Hindu temples. This is evident from the continuing propensity to conduct important life cycle ceremonies such as on marriage or death by any of the Hindu or Sikh rites. This is especially true for the Khatri and Arora communities, and even more so among the Kukhrain tribe.Punjabi Hindus go to Hindu temples for worship. In addition to that, they also believe in Sikh Gurus and liberal Sufi saints. It is also very common for Hindus to worship at the Gurudwara. Other religions like Islam(1.5%) and Christianity(1.2%) are also followed by few people in the state,beside Buddhism(0.2%) and Jainism(0.2%). Station sign in the Latin and Gurmukhi scripts Language See also: Punjabi Language See also: Gurmukhi The Punjabi language, written in the Gurmukhi script, is the only official and most commonly used language in the state.[32] The language is now popular across India and the wider world due to large scale migration of Punjabis[33] and the rich Punjabi music.Punjabi has always been an integral part of Indian Bollywood cinema. In recent years a trend of Bollywood songs written totally in Punjabi can be observed. Punjabi is also the most spoken language in Pakistan and is the provincial language of Punjab (Pakistan), the second largest and the most populous province of Pakistan. It is also the second official language in the Indian states of Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and the National capital of Delhi.[34] Apart from India and Pakistan, Punjabi is the second most spoken language in England[35] and fourth most spoken language in Canada according to official census.[36] Among the world languages, Punjabi is the 11th most spoken language in the world.[37] The major dialects of Punjabi spoken in Punjab are Majhi, Malwi, Pwadhi and Doabi.[37] Other languages common in Punjab are English, Hindi, Urdu (mainly in Malerkotla) and Bihari languages.[38] Education The National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research The Ranjit Singh Block at Guru Nanak Dev University

Guru Gobind Singh Bhawan at Punjabi University Main article: Education in Punjab (India) Punjab is served by several institutions of higher education, which provide undergraduate and postgraduate courses in all the major arts, humanities, science, engineering, law, medicine, veterinary science, and business courses. Punjab Agricultural University is a leading institution globally for the study of agriculture, and played a significant role in Punjab's Green Revolution in the 1960s-70s. Among the alumni of the Panjab University, Chandigarh include Manmohan Singh, the current Prime Minister of India, and Har Gobind Khorana, a biochemistry nobel laureate. One of the oldest institutions of higher education is the Christian Medical College, Ludhiana which has existed since 1894. * Aryabhatta group of institutes, Barnala * Adesh Institute of Engineering and Technology, Faridkot * Central University of Punjab, Bathinda * Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar * Punjabi University, Patiala * Panjab University, Chandigarh * Punjab Engineering College, Chandigarh * Chitkara Institute Of Engineering And Technology, Rajpura * Lala Lajpat Rai Institute of Engineering and Technology(LLRIET), Moga * Giani Zail Singh College of Engineering and Technology, Bathinda * Shaheed Bhagat Singh College of Engineering and Technology, Ferozepur * Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana * Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana * Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar * Desh Bhagat Institute of Engineering and Management, Moga * Swami Vivekanand Institute of Engineering and Technology, SVIET, Rajpura * Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot * Regional Institute of Management and Technology, Fatehgarh Sahib * Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana * National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Mohali * Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar * Thapar University, Patiala * Rajiv Gandhi National University of Law, Patiala * Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Sangrur * Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar * Lovely Professional University, Phagwara Economy Main article: Economy of Punjab (India) PCA Stadium under lights

Quark, Mohali According to the India State Hunger Index 2008, Punjab has the lowest level of hunger in India. .[40] According to India Today, Leading magazine in India, Punjab has been awarded best overall state since, 2003 and has been able to retain the top position every year. It also affords best quality of life to its residents.[41] Punjab has the best infrastructure in all of India[42][43] Although it has a huge shortage of electricity due to high demand, all major cities in Punjab benefit from this and have some of the lowest tariffs in India. All of Punjab's villages have been provided electricity and connected to the state electrical power grid since 1974. Punjab (Land of the five rivers) is one of the most fertile regions on earth. The region is ideal for wheat-growing. Rice, sugar cane, fruits and vegetables are also grown. Indian Punjab is called the "Granary of India" or "India's bread-basket".[44] It produces 14% of India's cotton, 20% of India's wheat, and 9% of India's rice.The Firozpur District is the largest producer of wheat and rice in the state. In worldwide terms, Indian Punjab produces 2% of the world's cotton, 2% of its wheat and 1% of the world's rice.[44] The largest grown crop is wheat. Other important crops are rice, cotton, sugarcane, pearl millet, maize, barley and fruit. In Punjab per hectare consumption of fertilizer is 177 kg as compared to 90 kg at national level. Also Punjab State has been awarded National Productivity Award for agriculture extension services for consecutively ten years from 1991-92 to 1998-99 and 2001 to 2003-04. In recent years a drop in productivity has been observed mainly due to falling fertility of the soil. This is believed to be due to excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides over the years. Also a big worry is the rapidly falling water table on which almost 90% of the agriculture depends, which has witnessed alarming drops in recent years. By some estimates, groundwater is falling by a meter or more per year.[45][46] Excluding agriculture other major industries include the manufacture of scientific instruments, electrical goods, machine tools, textiles, tourism, sewing machines, sports goods, starch, fertilizers, bicycles, and the processing of pine oil and sugar. Government and politics Main articles: Government of Punjab (India), Politics of Punjab (India), and List of districts of Punjab (India) Each of the states of India possesses a parliamentary system of government, with a ceremonial state Governor, appointed by the President of India on the advice of the central government. The head of government is an indirectly-elected Chief Minister who is vested with most of the executive powers. The state legislature is the unicameral Punjab Legislative Assembly, with 117 members elected from single-seat constituencies. The capital of Punjab is Chandigarh which also serves as the capital of Haryana, and is thus administered separately as a Union Territory of India. The judicial branch of the state

government is provided by the Punjab and Haryana High Court in Chandigarh.[47] The state of Punjab is divided into four administrative divisions and twenty districts: Regions and Districts Districts of Punjab along with their headquarters The area of Punjab can be divided into: * Malwa is a region of Punjab and parts of Haryana between the Sutlej and Yamuna rivers. People of Malwa are known for being great fighters, and warriors. The Malwa area makes up majority of the Punjab region consisting 11 districts. Cities such as Ludhiana, Patiala, Bhatinda and Mohali located in the Malwa region. * Majha is a historical region of the Indian Punjab comprising the modern districts of Amritsar, Gurdaspur and Tarn Taran. It lies between two of the five great rivers of the Punjab: the Ravi and the Sutlej. This region is also celebrated as being the 'Cradle of Sikhism'. * Doaba is the region of Indian Punjab surrounded by the rivers Beas and Sutlej. The name "Doaba" literally translates to "land of two rivers" ("Do" two, "Ab" river; Punjabi). It is one of the most fertile regions of the world, and was the centre of the Green Revolution in India. To this day, it remains one of the largest per capita producers of wheat in the world. The biggest cities in Doaba are Jalandhar, Hoshiarpur, Adampur, Nawansher and Phagwara. Administrative divisions The Indian state of Punjab is divided as follows: * Ferozepur Division * Jalandhar Division * Faridkot Division * Patiala Division * Ropar Division Each division contains several districts. The state of Punjab has 20 districts which comprise of sub-divisions, tehsils & blocks. Punjab has 20 districts: Districts: * Amritsar * Barnala * Bathinda * Firozpur * Fatehgarh Sahib * Faridkot * Gurdaspur * Hoshiarpur * Jalandhar * Kapurthala * Ludhiana* Mansa* Moga * Mohali * Muktsar * Patiala* Rupnagar * Sangrur * Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar * Tarn Taran The state capital of Punjab is Chandigarh. There are 14 cities and 157 towns in Punjab. Punjab has some very valuable historical, colorful great cities .The major cities in Punjab are Ludhiana, Jalandhar, Amritsar, Patiala, Mohali, Bathinda. The State of Punjab in western India is one of the most fertile regions of the earth. The cities have rich culture of self dependence, self reliance and hard work. Tourism

Main article: Tourism in Punjab, India Moti Bagh Palace in Patiala Harmandir Sahib in Amritsar is a major tourist destination in Punjab Tourism in Indian Punjab centres around the historic palaces, battle sites, great Sikh architecture of the state and the surrounding region. Examples include various sites of the Indus Valley Civilization, the ancient fort of Bathinda, the architectural monuments of Kapurthala, Patiala, and Chandigarh, the modern capital designed by Le Corbusier.[48] The Golden Temple in Amritsar is one of the major tourist destination of Punjab and indeed India, attracting more visitors than the Taj Mahal, Lonely Planet Bluelist 2008 has voted the Harmandir Sahib as one of the worlds best spiritual sites.*49+ Moreover, there is a rapidly expanding array of international hotels in the holy city that can be booked for overnight stays. Transport Infrastructure of Punjab has been rated the best in India. Public transport in Punjab is provided by buses, auto rickshaws and Indian railways.The state has a large network of multimodal transportation system: Air Punjab has six airports . Domestic airports are at Ludhiana, Patiala, Pathankot, Mohali. International airport, Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport in Amritsar is the largest and most important airport in the state and is also the second busiest in North India after Delhi Airport. Prominent Airports in Punjab are: * Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport * Sahnewal Airport * Pathankot Airport * Patiala Airport * Chandigarh Airport Rail Almost all the major as well as smaller cities of the state are linked through railways. Amritsar is the largest railway station having trains connecting to all major cities. Shatabdi Express connects Amritsar to Delhi. The railway junction in Bhatinda is the largest in asia. A DMU Train in Ludhiana Road All the cities ans towns of Punjab are connected with four lane roads, National Highway. The Grand Trunk Road also called as NH1 connect Calcutta to Peshawar passing through Jalandhar and Amritsar. Another major National Highway connect Punjab to Jammu passing through Hoshiarpur and Pathankot. The state road conditions are the finest in India. The national Highways passing through the state is ranked the best in the country with road networks widely spread,covering isolated towns as well as border region. The following National Highways connect major towns, cities and villages:

National Highway 1 (India) National Highway 10 (India) National Highway 15 (India) National Highway 1A (India) National Highway 20 (India) National Highway 21 (India) National Highway 22 (India) National Highway 64 (India) National Highway 70 (India) National Highway 71 (India) National Highway 95 (India) Digital Library of Panjab Launched in 2003 under Nanakshahi Trust, the Panjab Digital Library was a result of the early phase of the digital revolution in Panjab. While most saw the Nanakshahi as a small digitization organization, or as an assemblage of some unknown youth working towards capturing some manuscripts on their digital cameras, its founders saw it as a cornerstone of a fundamentally new approach to preserving Panjabs heritage for future generations. In the shadow of search engines, a Semantic Web approach thought of in the early 2003 reached maturity in 2006. This was when the organization planned to expand its operations from a mere three employee organization to one of the leading NGOs working in the field of digital preservation all over India. Digitized collections include manuscripts held by the Punjab Languages Department, items from the Government Museum and Art Gallery Chandigarh, Chief Khalsa Diwan, SGPC, DSGMC and manuscripts in the Jawahr Lal Nehru Library of Kurukshetra University. It also include hundreds of personal collections. With over 5 million pages digitized it is the biggest repository of digital data on Panjab. Culture Main article: Punjabi culture The culture of the Punjab comprises many elements including music such as bhangra, an extensive religious and non-religious dance tradition, a long history of poetry in the Punjabi language, a significant film industry which dates back to before Partition, a vast range of cuisine which has become widely popular abroad, and a number of seasonal and harvest festivals such as Lohri,[50] Basant, Baisakhi and Teej, all of which are celebrated in addition to the religious festivals of India. A kissa is a Punjabi language oral story-telling tradition that has a mixture of origins ranging from the Arabian peninsula to Iran and Afghanistan.[51] Punjabi wedding traditions and ceremonies are a strong reflection of Punjabi culture. Marriage ceremonies are known for their rich rituals, songs, dances, food and dresses, which have evolved over many centuries. Bhangra Bhangra concert Bhangra (Punjabi: (Gurmukhi),; pronounced [p+) is a form of dance and music that originated in the Punjab region.[52] Bhangra dance began as a folk dance conducted by Punjabi Sikh farmers to celebrate the coming of the harvest season. The specific moves of Bhangra reflect the manner in which villagers farmed their land. This hybrid dance became

Bhangra. The folk dance has been popularised in the western world by Punjabi Sikhs in England, UK[53] and is seen in the West as an expression of South Asian culture as a whole.[54] Today, Bhangra dance survives in different forms and styles all over the globe including pop music, film soundtracks, collegiate competitions and cultural shows. Punjabi Folklore Main article: Punjabi folklore The folk heritage of the Punjab is the traditional urge of thousands of years of its history. While Majhi is considered the standard dialect of Punjabi language, there are a number of local dialects through which the people communicate. These include Majhi, Malwi, Doabi, and Pwadhi. The songs, ballads, epics and romances are generally written and sung in these dialects. There are a number of folk tales that are popular in different parts of the Punjab. These are the folk tales of Mirza Sahiban, Heer Ranjha, Sohni Mahiwal, Dulla Bhatti, and Sassi Punnun. The mystic folk songs includes the Shalooks of Gurbani by Guru Nanak, Baba Farid and others. They also include Baits, Dohas, Lohris, Sehra, and Jugni.[55] The most famous of the romantic love songs are Mayhiah, Dhola and Boliyan. Punjabi romantic dances include Dhamaal, Bhangra, Giddha, Dhola, and Sammi. Amritsar district Amritsar district is one of 20 districts in the state of Punjab in West India. It has a population of 3,074,207 (2001 Indian census) and covers an area of 5075 km. The city of Amritsar is headquarters of this district. Contents:- History/District administration History During British Rule Amritsar was part of Lahore Division and was administratively subdivided into 3 tehsils namely - Amritsar, and Ajnala. Tarn Taran has itself formed into a district headquarters.[1] However as part of the partition of India in 1947 Amritsar district was separated from the rest of the division and awarded to India. During the partition period, the Muslim population of the district, some 46%, left for Pakistan while Hindus and Sikhs from Pakistan migrated in the opposite direction. District administration * The Deputy Commissioner, an officer belonging to the Indian Administrative Service is in charge of general administration of the district. He is generally a middle-level IAS officer of Punjab Cadre. As the District Magistrate, he also effectively the head of the police force. * Administration of departments such as public works, health, education, agriculture, animal husbandry, etc is headed by district officers who belong to various Punjab state services. * The Senior Superintendent of Police, an officer belonging to the Indian Police Service is responsible for maintaining law and order in the district. He is assisted by officers of the Punjab Police Service and other Punjab Police officials.

* The Divisional Forest Officer, an officer belonging to the Indian Forest Service is responsible for the management of forests and wildlife in the district. He is assisted by officers of the Punjab Forest Service, other Punjab Forest officials and Punjab Wildlife officials. * A Municipal corporation is responsible for the management of public works and health systems in the city of Amritsar. The municipal corporation is a democratic body of councilors and is presided over by the Mayor, who is elected by the councilors. At present, there are more than 70 councilors. * The state government's department of Town and Country Planning has a district level office of District Town Planning. Since the formation of this office, the city has not received a comprehensive development plan[citation needed]. Amritsar has been selected by the government of India recently to receive Rs. 1000 Crore in development assistance over the next few years Amritsar (Punjabi: IPA: [mts], also colloquially known as , ambarsar) is a city in the northwestern part of India and is the administrative headquarters of Amritsar district Langar in the state of Punjab, India. The 2001 Indian census reported the population of the city to be over 1,500,000, with that of the entire district numbering just over 3,695,077. Amritsar is situated 217 kilometres (135 mi) northwest of state capital Chandigarh and is 32 kilometres (20 mi) east of Lahore, Pakistan and therefore, very close to India's western border with Pakistan. A typical chilly Amritsar morning It is home to the Harmandir Sahib, known as the Golden Temple, the spiritual and cultural center of the Sikh religion. This important Sikh shrine attracts more visitors than the Taj Mahal in Agra as it has more than 100,000 visitors on week days alone and is the number one destination for non-resident-Indians (NRI) in the whole of India.[1] The city boasts of being the main centre of Sikhs' cultural, religious and political history. Amritsar is also known for the incidents of Jallianwala Bagh Massacre in 1919 under British Rule and Operation Bluestar in 1984 under the late Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi. The main commercial activities include tourism, carpets and fabrics, farm produce, handicrafts, service trades and light engineering. The city is known for its food and culture. Amritsar is also home to Central Khalsa Orphanage, which was once a home for Shaheed Udham Singh, a prominent figure in the Indian independence movement. Contents:- History/Partition of 1947/Gallery/Massacres in the holy city of Amritsar/Jallianwala Bagh Massacre/ Operation bluestar/Modern Amritsar/Geography and climate/Demographics/Transport/Air/Rail/Road History Amritsar city is one of the cities of the Punjab state in India. This city was founded by Guru Ram Das in 1574 on land bought by him for 700 rupees from the owners of the village of

Tung. Earlier Guru Ram Das had begun building Santokhsar Sarovar, near the village of Sultanwind in 1564 (according to one source in 1570). It could not be completed before 1588. In 1574, Guru Ram Das built his residence and moved to this place. At that time, it was known as Guru Da Chakk. (Later, it came to be known as Chakk Ram Das). Since then this city has been known as Amritsar (after the name of the sarovar). The first stone of the foundation of the Darbar Sahib is said to have been laid by Sain Mian Mir Sahib, a Muslim saint from Punjab, at Guru Arjun Dev's request. A story in Sikh lore tells of a mason who then corrected the stone's alignment and was chided by Guru Arjun Dev for doing so with the Saint stating that the re-alignment was symbolic of the complex being continually attacked and rebuilt. Masons worked on laying the foundation on January 3, 1588. Sant Mian Mir was very friendly with Guru Arjun Dev and tried to intercede to prevent the Guru's subsequent torture and death at the hands of the Emperor Jahangir. He continued to be a friend of the next Guru, Guru Hargobind, and again worked on attaining his freedom when he was held for some time at Gwalior Fort. In 1590, Guru Arjun Dev moved to the village of Wadali where Guru Hargobind was born on June 19, 1590. By 1601, the Darbar Sahib was fully ready and on August 16, 1604 the first volume of the Guru Granth Sahib, the Sikh scriptures, was prepared and installed in the Darbar Sahib at Amitsar. It is here that the Akal Takht (The throne of immortality, lit. the never ending throne) the seat of Sikh political power was built by Guru Hargobind in 1609. Two flags representing temporal and spiritual authority and Sikh sovereignty were set up in front of the Akal Takht. Here Guru Hargobind wore two swords of Miri and Piri (temporal and transcendental authority). On April 13, 1634, the Mughal army attacked Guru Hargobind here. From 1635 to 1698, Amritsar remained in the control of the Mina family (descendants of Pirthi Chand). Guru Tegh Bahadur visited the town on November 23, 1664. In April 1698, Bhai Mani Singh was appointed as the caretaker of the shrines of Amritsar. The Mughal chief of Patti tried to occupy Amritsar several times. One such attempt was made in April 1709. The Sikhs, under the command of Bhai Mani Singh and Bhai Tara Singh of Dhillwan, repelled this attack. When Baba Banda Singh Bahadur occupied several areas in the Punjab, Bhai Mani Singh chose to leave Amritsar in order to avoid the Mughal attacks. On December 30, 1711, the Mughal emperor, Bahadur Shah, granted Ajit Singh Palit charge of Amritsar. After the death of Bahadur Shah, Ajit Singh Palit returned to Delhi. In 1721, Bhai Mani Singh returned to Amritsar and re-started regular worship. His first act was to solve a dispute between the Tat Khalsa and the Bandai Khalsa factions for the right to the management of the shrines in Amritsar. On March 29, 1733, a major gathering of Sikhs was held here in front of Akal Takht. During the same time a Sarbat Khalsa gathering was also held. It discussed the Mughal offer of

Nawab-hood. In April 1734, Bhai Mani Singh was arrested and was executed in Lahore on June 24, 1734. In 1740, Massa Ranghar, an official, desecrated the Darbar Sahib. He was killed for this action by Bhai Sukha Singh and Bhai Mahtab Singh, on August 11, 1740. In 1757 an Afghan army of Ahmed Shah Abdali demolished both the Darbar Sahib and the Akal Takht. Baba Deep Singh led several thousand Sikhs against the Afghans. A major battle was fought on November 11, 1757. Baba Deep Singh and several thousand Sikhs were killed. In 1762 the Darbar Sahib complex was demolished by an Afghan army once again. On December 1, 1764, the Afghan army raided again. 30 Sikhs, led by Jathedar Gurbakhsh Singh, fought against the mammoth Afghan army and were killed. In 1765 the Sikhs began reconstruction of the shrines. The central part was ready by 1776. During the eighteenth century, Amritsar, like the Sikh community as a whole, faced great difficulties including the repeated desecration and destruction of sacred monuments. This was ended by the establishment of the sovereign authority of the Sikh misls, or principalities, over the Punjab in 1765. Amritsar was thereafter under the control of several misl chiefs although its surrounding district was held by Sardr Har Sigh of the Bhg misl. Different sardrs or chiefs constructed their own bugs or residential houses around the principal sarovar and also their respective kas or wards, encouraging traders and craftsmen to reside in them and over which each exercised exclusive control. The sacred shrines were administered by a joint council comprising representatives of the chiefs who had made endowments in land for their maintenance. Even prior to the time of Sikh ascendancy, joint councils, known as Sarbat Khalsa (lit. the entire Sikh Panth), had been held at Amritsar to take crucial decisions on political matters. Now, with all misl chiefs having their bugs there, Amritsar became the common capital of the Khls. Devotees from far and near, free to visit the holy city after six decades of persecution, flocked to Gur k Nagar (the Gur's town). Business and trade flourished thanks to the increased pilgrim and resident population and moeetain stability. Trade, commerce and crafts flourished in different kas each having its own markets and manufacturings. By the end of the eighteenth century, Amritsar had become Punjab's major trading center. Yet the town with its multiple command setup remained a confederated rather than a composite habitation until Mahrj Rajt Sigh (17801839) rose to power and consolidated the Punjab into a sovereign State. Ranjit Singh, chief of the Sukarchak misl, first occupied Lahore the traditional capital of the Punjab in 1799 and declared himself Mahrj in 1801. Ranjit Singh extended his hegemony to Amritsar in 1805 when he took over from his traditional rivals, the Bhng chiefs, their fort with its mint striking the Nnakshh rupee, and the famous Zamzam gun. The fort of the Rmgarh misl was occupied in 1815 and with the possessions of Rn Sad Kaur of Kanhaiy misl and Fateh Singh hlwl in Amritsar during the early 1820s, Ranjt Singh's occupation of Amritsar was complete.

Ranjit Sigh then constructed a double wall and moat around the city with twelve gates with corresponding bridges over the moat. Already in 1809 he had constructed the Gobindgarh Fort outside Lahaur Gate complete with a formidable moat, three lines of defense and several bastions and emplacements for heavy guns. Amritsar thus became his second capital. The royal Toshkhn or treasury was kept in Gobindgarh Fort which was also used as the royal residence during the Mahrj's frequent visits to the city before his palace in the city, Rm Bgh, was completed in 1831. Several members of the nobility also raised palatial houses and beautiful gardens in and around the city. Ranjt Singh devoutly provided liberal funds to have the dome and exterior of the Darbar Sahib gold plated and to have the interior ornamented with fine filigree and enamel work and with decorative murals and panels in marble inlaid with colored stone. Sardr Des Singh Majth (died 1832), who had been appointed manager of the holy shrines in the city since its occupation by Ranjt Singh, donated gold for gilding the top of Bb Attal. Around 1830, Ranjit Singh had Muslim goldsmiths to gold-plate some parts of the inner section of the Darbar Sahib. The profusion of gold plating led to it being called the Golden Temple. In 1846, more than six years after Ranjt Singh's death, the British established themselves in the Lahore Darbar with a resident in the Court. In order to keep the sanctity of the city, H. M. Lawrence, the British resident, issued an order, dated March 24, 1847, asking the English people to follow Sikh protocol while visiting Sikh places of worship. In 1858, a municipal committee was set up here. In 1862, train services between Lahore and Amritsar were started. Khalsa College, the first Sikh college was established here in 1892. In 1969 Guru Nanak Dev University was established in Amritsar. In 1913, the city was electrified. In September 1915, the British declared Amritsar a holy City. This order was later annulled after Indian independence on August 15, 1947 by the Indian government. On April 13, 1919, General Reginald Dyer opened fire on the gathering, at Jallianwala Bagh, near Darbar Sahib, killed 379 people and wounded another 1200. The Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee (S.G.P.C.) and the Shiromani Akali Dal were established here in 1920. Pilgrims at the Harmandir Sahib Amritsar is dominated by the history of Hindus and Sikhs and many of their sacred shrines are found in and around the city. It was established by Guru Ramdas. The city has highest temporal seat of Sikhs "The Harimandir Sahib" popularly known as Golden Temple. Amritsar's central walled city has narrow zig zag streets mostly developed in the 17th and 18th century. The city is a peculiar example of an introverted planning system wit unique areas called Katras. The Katras are self styled residential units that provided unique defence system during attacks on the city. The city lies on the main Grand Trunk Road (GT Road) from Delhi to Amritsar connecting to Lahore in Pakistan. The G. T. Road, built by Sher Shah Suri, runs through the whole of the

northern half of the Indian subcontinent, connecting Peshawar, Pakistan to Sonargaon, Bangladesh. The city is also connected to most other major cities such as New Delhi, Mumbai, Calcutta by an extensive network of rail system. The city also provides air connectivity to major Indian cities, as well as international cities such as Birmingham, Toronto, Dubai, Singapore, Tashkent, Ashgabat, London etc. from the Raja Sansi International Airport, recently renamed as Guru Ramdas International Airport. The airport is being developed for increasing demand in future; a new International inbound & outbound terminal is operational and cargo terminal is also under construction. The city is the administrative center for the Amritsar District. Amritsar developed from a small village pool to a business center. However, it did not become the industrial center of Punjab due to its proximity to the volatile Indo-Pak border. Partition of 1947 Partition of British India into India and Pakistan had the most profound effect on the demographics, economics, social structure and culture of Amritsar. The state of Punjab was divided between India and Pakistan and Amritsar became a border city, often on the front lines of India-Pakistan wars. Prior to partition, the Muslim league wanted to incorporate Amritsar into Pakistan because of the Amritsar's proximity to Lahore (a distance of 30 miles) and a nearly 50% Muslim population, but the city became part of India. The Indian National Congress had similar aims of incorporating Lahore into India as Lahore was the cultural, economic, and political capital of undivided Punjab and Hindus and Sikhs constituted nearly 50% of the population, but Lahore became a part of Pakistan. Amritsar and Lahore experienced some of the worst communal riots during the partition of India. Muslim residents of Amritsar left the city en-masse leaving their homes and property behind due to violent anti-Muslim riots in Amritsar. Similar scenes of communal carnage against Hindus and Sikhs were witnessed in Lahore and led to their mass evacuation. Important Muslim dominated villages in Amritsar district prior to partition include Sultanpur, Kala Afgana, Abdul kalan, Rasheed bal, Lahorie, Qadian, Shahpur, Shahkot, Alipur, Aliwal, Allahbad, Fatehbad, Chak, Guza chak, Jattan, Cheema. Massacres in the holy city of Amritsar Jallianwala Bagh Massacre Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, involving the killing of hundreds of unarmed, defenceless Indians by a senior British military officer, which took place on 13 April 1919 in the heart of Amritsar, the holiest city of the Sikhs, took place on a day sacred to them as the birth anniversary of the Khalsa (Vaisakhi day). Jallianvala Bagh, a garden belonging to the Jalla, derives its name from that of the owners of this piece of land in Sikh times. It was then the property the family of Sardar Himmat Singh Jallevalia (d. 1829), a noble in the court of Maharaja Ranjit Singh (17801839), who originally came from the village of Jalla, now in Fatehgarh Sahib district of the Punjab. The family were collectively known as Jallhevale or simply Jallhe or Jalle, although their principal seat later became Alavarpur in Jallandhar

district. The site, once a garden or garden house, was in 1919 an uneven and unoccupied space, an irregular quadrangle, indifferently walled, approximately 225 x 180 metres which was used more as a dumping ground. In the Punjab, during World War I (191418), there was considerable unrest particularly among the Sikhs, first on account of the demolition of a boundary wall of Gurdwara Rakab Ganj at New Delhi and later because of the activities and trials of the Ghadrites almost all of whom were Sikhs. In India as a whole, too, there had been a spurt in political activity mainly owing to the emergence of two leaders Mohandas Karamchand (Mahatma) Gandhi (18691948) who after a period of struggle against the British in South Africa, had returned to India in January 1915 and Mrs Annie Besant (18471933), head of the Theosophical Society of India, who established, on 11 April 1916, Home Rule League with autonomy for India as its goal. In December 1916, the Indian National Congress, at its annual session held at Lucknow, passed a resolution asking the British government to issue a proclamation announcing that it is the aim and intention of British policy to confer self government on India at an early date." On 10 April, Satyapal and Kitchlew were called to the deputy commissioner's residence, arrested and sent off by car to Dharamsetla, a hill town, now in Himachal Pradesh. This led to a general strike in Amritsar. Excited groups of citizens soon merged together into a crowd of about 50,000 marching on to protest to the deputy commissioner against the deportation of the two leaders. The crowd, however, was stopped and fired upon near the railway foot-bridge. According to the official version, the number of those killed was 12 and of those wounded between 20 and 30. But evidence before the Congress Enquiry Committee put the number of the dead between 20 and 30. Crowds react to the intimidation As those killed were being carried back through the streets, an angry mob of people went on the rampage. Government offices and banks were attacked and damaged, and five Europeans were beaten to death. One Miss Marcella Sherwood, manager of the City Mission School, who had been living in Amritsar district for 15 years working for the Church of England Zenana Missionary Society, was attacked by a mob in a narrow street, the Kucha Kurrichhan. Beaten, she was rescued by local Indians who hid her from the mob and moved her to the fort. The civil authorities, unnerved by the unexpected fury of the mob, called in the army the same afternoon. The ire of the people had by and large spent itself, but a sullen hatred against the British persisted. There was an uneasy calm in the city on 11 April. In the evening that day, Brigadier-General Reginald Edward Harry Dyer born ironically at Murree in the Punjab hills, commander of the 45th Infantry Brigade at Jalandhar, arrived in Amritsar incensed at the attack on an English lady, instructed the troops of the garrison regarding reprisals against Indians. Meeting at Jallianvala bagh. He immediately established file facto army rule, though the official proclamation to this effect was not made until 15 April. The troops at his disposal included 475 British and 710 Indian soldiers. On 12 April he issued an order prohibiting all meetings and gatherings. On 13 April which marked the Baisakhi festival, a large number of people, mostly Sikhs, had

poured into the city from the surrounding villages. Local leaders called upon the people to assemble for a meeting in the Jallianvala Bagh at 4:30 in the evening. Brigadier-General Dyer set out for the venue of the meeting at 4.30 with 50 riflemen and two armoured cars with machine guns mounted on them. Meanwhile, the meeting had gone on peacefully, and two resolutions, one calling for the repeal of the Rowlatt Act and the other condemning the firing on 10 April, had been passed. A third resolution protesting against the general repressive policy of the government was being proposed when Dyer arrived at about 5:15 p.m. He deployed his riflemen on an elevation near the entrance and without warning or ordering the crowd to disperse, opened fire. The firing continued for about 20 minutes whereafter Dyer and his men marched back the way they had come. 1650 rounds of .303-inch ammunition had been fired. Dyer's own estimate of the killed based on his rough calculations of one dead per six bullets fired was between 200 and 300. The official figures were 379 killed and 1200 wounded. Operation bluestar Operation Bluestar(3 6 June 1984) was an Indian military operation ordered by Indira Gandhi, then Prime Minister of India [2] to remove armed Sikh separatists from the Golden Temple in Amritsar. Modern Amritsar Amritsar is currently witnessing rapid urban growth. Government of India and Government of Punjab have unveiled a Rs. 3,150 Crore plan to modernize Amritsar.[citation needed]. Money from the plan would fund construction of roads, water and sewage management, and a mass Rapid transit system. Amritsar has witnessed a spurt in high-end residential property and multiplex development, courtesy the governments decision to set up a special economic zone there. Leading property developers from north India have lined up a series of townships containing villas, luxury apartments, service apartments, and penthouses. About a dozen malls are also in various phases of completion. A new city Convention Centre has been planned (as of October 2007), as are four 5-star hotels by the Radisson group (set to open by October 2008), the Taj group of hotels, the Holiday Inn Group and the Marriott group. New localities like Sahej enclave are set up by Puda for the Elite in town. Amritsar lately has become hub for medicare for North India. To protect Amritsar's historical and religious heritage, part of the new budget is dedicated to the preservation of religious shrines in the city[citation needed]. Geography and climate Amritsar Precipitation totals in inches Amritsar is located at 3138N 7452E / 31.63N 74.87E / 31.63; 74.87 [3] with an average elevation of 234 metres (768 ft).

Amritsar has a semiarid climate, typical of Northwestern India and experiences four seasons primarily: winter season (November to March) with temperature ranges from 4 C (39 F) to about 19 C (66 F), summer season (April to June) where temperatures can reach 45 C (113 F), monsoon season (July to September) and post-monsoon season (September to November). Annual rainfall is about 681 millimetres (26.8 in).[4] Since 1970, the lowest temperature, 2.6 C (27 F), was recorded on 21 Jan 2005 *5+ and the highest temperature, 47.7 C (117.9 F), was recorded on 21 May 1978.[6] There are on average 3,200 sunshine hours per year in Amritsar [7] Demographics As of 2007, Sikhism and Hinduism are the main religions followed in Amritsar. Males and females constitute 55% and 45% of the population, respectively. Amritsar has an average literacy rate of 75% (which is higher than the national average of 59.5%). 15% of the population is under 6 years of age. The main spoken language in Amritsar and in the surrounding villages is the Punjabi dialect of Maajhi, considered to be Standard Punjabi. Other languages spoken in the city are Urdu and English and Hindi. Transport Air Amritsar's international airport, Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport, has more than 200 domestic and international flights during the week with daily connections to Delhi, Chandigarh and Jammu. Rail Amritsar Railway Station at night Amritsar is well connected with daily trains from Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Hyderabad, Thiruvananthapuram, Indore, Bhopal, Agra, Gwalior, Jabalpur, Ujjain, Ahmedabad, Pune and other major Indian cities. Amritsar Railway Station is the main station. There is a special train that runs west to Wagah (Attari Border), which is the last station on the border in India before continuing on to Pakistan. Indian Railways has proposed a high speed rail line to serve Delhi-Amritsar via Chandigarh and Ambala. The train is to run at high speeds of 350 km/h, second only in India to the Bhopal Shatabdi Express. It will travel the 445 km between the two cities in 2.5 hours (compared to the current time of 5 hours). Companies from Japan, China, UK and Canada have expressed an interest in the project. The contract for building the line were to be awarded at the end of May 2008. Other lines of this kind have proposed in Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Pune, and Kolkata.[8][9][10] Road Amritsar is located on the historic Grand Trunk Road(G.T Road) also known as National Highway 1 and therefore, very well connected to the road network. Daily bus services run to and from Ambala, Delhi, Chandigarh and Jammu. A sum of Rs 450 crores is being spent to expand the Amritsar-Jalandhar stretch of G.T. Road to four lanes. In 2010, elevated road

with four lanes connected to the National highway for better access to the Golden Temple has been started.[11] For transportation within Amritsar city, rickshaws, autorickshaws, taxis and buses are easily available. Recently, the government of India and Punjab pledged Rs. 2,100 Crore for the development of a Mass Rapid Transport system for the city.[citation needed] It is hoped that this will help in relieving traffic congestion and improving air quality. Amritsar Cantonment Amritsar Cantonment is a cantonment town in Amritsar District in the state of Punjab, India. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Amritsar Cantonment had a population of 11,300. Males constitute 63% of the population and females 37%. Amritsar Cantonment has an average literacy rate of 81%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 66% of the males and 34% of females literate. 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. Ajnala Ajnala is a town and a nagar panchayat in Amritsar district in the state of Punjab, India. Contents:- Geography/Demographics/Indian Rebellion of 1857 Geography Ajnala is located at 3150N 7446E / 31.84N 74.76E / 31.84; 74.76 in western Punjab near to the border with Pakistan.[1] It has an average elevation of 213 metres (698 feet). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Ajnala had a population of 18,602. Males constitute 55% of the population and females 45%. Ajnala has an average literacy rate of 68%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 58% of the males and 42% of females literate. 12% of the population is under 6 years of age. Indian Rebellion of 1857 During the Indian Rebellion of 1857, 282 sepoys of the 26th Native Infantry who had mutinied at Lahore and subsequently surrendered believing they were going to be given a fair trial, were summarily executed without trial by Fredric Cooper--the then Deputy Commissioner of the district. Cooper was a proud Christian of the "true English stamp and mould". The bodies were dumped into a deep dry well located near the police station. The guard that shot the sepoys were made up entirely of Sikhs. Budha Theh Budha Theh is a census town in Amritsar district in the state of Punjab, India. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Budha Theh had a population of 8730. Males constitute 56% of the population and females 44%. Budha Theh has an average literacy rate of 72%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 79% and female literacy of 63%. 12% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Jandiala Guru Jandiala Guru is a town in the Amritsar district of Punjab, India. It is located on the Grand Trunk Road[1] at 31 33' 41N 751'36E and has an altitude of 229 m (754 ft).[2] Contents:- History/Non-Profit Organizations/Jandiala Guru Development/ Gaganmai Thaal Museum: Mecca for heritage lovers History Jandiala Guru was founded by Guru Baba Handal. GURU word comes from Jats Guru and it was named after Jand, the son of the founder.[3] The municipality was created in 1867 during the colonial period of British rule and formed part of Amritsar Tehsil. The town was situated on the route of the North-Western Railway. The population according to the 1901 census was 7,750, the income 1903-4 was Rs. 8,400 mainly from octroi. At the turn of 21st century the population was estimated at about 100,000. Though the population of Jandiala Guru is diverse, it is the original home of Ghangas Jat Sikhs. Other large communities are Jains (mainly Jewellars, Grain Merchants and business people), Thathiars (Steel Utencil makers). Large concentration of these skillful artisans make Jandiala Guru the hub for Jewellary and Utencils for the surrounding areas. Non-Profit Organizations ASK [Association For Social Kause http://www.askause.org/] Founded 2003 Hon. Members: Kawal Parkash Preet Singh Harjai Bakhshinder Harjai Bank Branches HDFC Bank Canara Bank Oriental Bank OF Commerce (OBC) Punjab And Sind Bank Punjab National Bank (PNB) Amritsar Co-operative Bank State Bank Of India Education Sector GITC (Hardware and Networking Institute) Hospitals Jain Hospital Deep Hospital Gupta Nursing House (Sushma Hospital) S.S. Bhullar Hospital Bhai Kanhaiya Ji Cheritable Hospital Jandiala Guru Development Now, Jandiala Guru is one of the developed areas in the Amritsar District There are some places of interest in this area such as TEJ RESORTS, Hotel HEY DAY,OLIVE GARDENS and after that there is a automobiles agency named BABA MOTORS. in field of education there

is some improved condition from the past there are two colleges but only for girls but some schools are co-educational up to senior secondary. And two private ICSE schools also complete the basic need of Jandiala Guru. it also includes some cyber cafes and computer coaching centers among them HAK COMPUTER WORLD "'KJI COMPUTERS " and "ROTARY COMPUTER CENTER" ( Mr Jaspal Singh gehri)is very famous in nearby villages which presently take up many students. About 90% roads are constructed in the year 2009-10 by the rescently elected president of Jandiala Municipal Coorperation, i.e. Mr. Raj Kumar Malhotra which take up the seat from his oldest Opponent Mr. Ravinder Pal Singh (Kukku). Ravinderpal Singh has a deep impact on the Jandiala's political history and win the President seat from many years continuously. But this time Raj Kumar Malhotra after some conflicts win the president seat of municipal coorperation. Gaganmai Thaal Museum: Mecca for heritage lovers A report by The Tribune President :- S. Abnashi Singh Gaganmai Thaal International Mini Museum at Jandiala Guru, about 16 km from Amritsar, has become the Mecca for the heritage lovers of this holy city. What various universities and institutions could not do, it has been done by an individual of a small town by establishing a museum to preserve all handwritten documents along with the photographs of various Gurus, eminent writers and freedom fighters, collected till date. Mr Abinashi Singh, conferred upon with Punjab Rattan award by former President of India Late Giani Zail Singh, has set up a museum in the lobby of his small house displaying photographs of 144 writers, including six Sikh Gurus whose verses are in Guru Granth Sahib. Mr Singh said he was inspired by the rich cultural history of Punjab, where the Rig-Veda was compiled and which was considered as the cradle of most advanced civilization of the world having a rich religious, literary and cultured heritage. He felt its his duty to preserve the handwritten manuscripts along with the photographs of various gurus, writers and freedom fighters. So in the absence of any other alternative, he converted a portion of his house into the museum. On his efforts to spread the glory of the state across the world, Mr Singh said that he had organised about 150 exhibitions across the country and the world including many European and Asian nations. He said his first exhibition was held in Mumbai in April 1992 on the advice of Mr Tarlok Singh Komal, a renowned artiste. Recalling an incident, Mr Singh said that Mr B. Satyanand Reddy, the then Governor of Uttar Pradesh, specially came to his exhibition. After going through his works, Mr Reddy asked him to arrange more exhibitions in various cities of UP. The Punjab Rattan awardee said that he had been able to display only 10 per cent of his collections and rest of the works lie packed in other three rooms of his house due to lack of adequate space.

But Unfortunately He isn't Given any economical help from the government and they die at 27th, January 2010 after failed to recover from an injury and their dream of developing the museum at some higher level remain uncompleted. Majitha Majitha is a town and a municipal council in Amritsar district in the Indian state of Punjab. Majitha holds a distinguished place in the history of Punjab as the well-known Majithia Sirdars (chiefs) came from this region. These were several generals in Maharaja Ranjit Singh's army of the Sikh Empire in the first half of the 19th century. No less than ten generals from Majitha can be counted in the Maharaja's army during the period of 18001849. Chief amongst the Majithia generals during the Sikh Empire were General Lehna Singh, General (aka Raja) Surat Singh, and General Amar Singh. Sons of General Lehna Singh (Sirdar Dyal Singh) and of General Surat Singh (Sirdar Sundar Singh Majithia) had great impact on the affairs of Punjab during the British rule through the latter 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. Hari Singh Nalwa was the most celebrated general of the Sikh Kingdom. His family was known to have migrated to Gujranwala (now Pakistan) from Majitha sometime in the 18th century.Among the present lauretes Prof Ranjit Pal Singh Gill (Majithia) is a well educated figure. He has served the prestigious Khalsa College Amritsar in Botany and Biotechnology Department and also contributed to educate the masses of his home town. Contents:- Majithia Sirdars/Geography/Demographics/Today Position of Majitha/Famous School/ College/ Institutes/Distance Majithia Sirdars The Majithia clans threw in with the rising star of the Sikh misls - Ranjit Singh - during the latter 18th century. As Ranjit Singh established the Sikh Empire around the turn of the 19th century, the Majithia sirdars gained prominence and became very influential in the Maharaja's army. Ten different Majithia generals can be counted amongst the Sikh army during the period of 1800-1849. According to the English historians, the Majithia family was one of the three most powerful families in Punjab under the Maharaja. Best known of the Majithia generals were General Lehna Singh, General Surat Singh and General Amar Singh each representing one of the three main branches of the family. The son of General Lehna Singh, Sirdar Dyal Singh, was perhaps the most significant Punjabi of the late 19th century in the British Punjab. He was the main force behind the founding of Punjab University; was the founder and the owner of The Tribune newspaper - the most respected English-language newspaper in north-western India to this day; and the founder and owner of the Punjab Bank - also the most powerful bank in north-western India until nationalized by Indira Gandhi in the early 1970s. He was also one of the charter members of the Indian National Congress party - which later became the main Indian nationalist political party and the party of Nehru and Gandhi.

The son of General Surat Singh, Sirdar Sundar Singh Majithia, also had tremendous impact on the early 20th century Punjab. He was a main force in the Sikh revivalist movement and was one of the founders of the "Chief Khalsa Diwan Society". Amongst his accomplishments can be counted the establishment of the Khalsa College, Amritsar and the founding of the Punjab and Sind Bank. He was knighted by the British - thus often referred to as Sir Sundar Singh Majithia. Sirdar Sundar Singh's brother, Sirdar Umrao Singh, was the father of Amrita Sher-Gil considered by many to be first great female artist of the Indian subcontinent. The Majithia family, although referred to by the name of their village Majitha - which is common in Punjab, in actuality belong to the "Shergill" clan of the Jat Sikhs - itself a subset of the "Gill" clan. In recent times, the most famous member of the Majithia family was Sardar Parkash Singh Majitha. Who was one of the most prominent of the Akali leaders of the 70s, 80s and 90s, and was popularly known as 'Majhe da jarnail'. He remained cabinet minister in many Akali governments holding important portfolios like Irrigation, Transport, Revenue and Rehabilitation. He was elected MLA five times from Ajnala and Majitha constituencies. He also played the steller role during the Anti-Emergency Morcha and the Dharam Yudh Morcha. In the aftermath of Operation Blue Star, he served as the acting President of Akali Dal. Being the senior most Akali leader in the 1990s, he was unanimously appointed the Patron of Shiromani Akali Dal, an honour he retained till he breathed his last. Other prominent Majithias include: Sardar Parkash Singh Majitha's nephew Sardar Rajmohinder Singh Majitha (MP and MLA) and Sardar Bikram Singh Majithia (Minister and MLA) who's the brother-in-law of Sukhbir Singh Badal. Geography Majitha( ) is located at 3146N 7457E / 31.76N 74.95E / 31.76; 74.95.[1] It has an average elevation of 215 metres (705 feet). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Majitha had a population of 13,006. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Majitha has an average literacy rate of 59%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 63%, and female literacy is 54%. In Majitha, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age. Jatt Gill Sikhs dominate Majitha. Today Position of Majitha Current MLA : Bikramjit Singh Majithia[3]. He was a first-time MLA and the youngest Cabinet minister in the Punjab government. An alumunus of the Lawrence School, Sanawar, and St. Stephen's College, Majithia was handling the corporate side of his family-owned Rs. 1000-crore Saraya Group of industries and had a passion for flying, car rallying and basketball. That was before he plunged into Punjab politics. Famous School/ College/ Institutes

* Govt Sen Sec. School(Boys & Girls) * C.M.S. High School * Secret Heart Convent School * Desa Singh Majithia Public School * Computer Points- ISO Certified Computer Institute Banks * State Bank of India with ATM facility * Punjab National Bank with ATM facility * Co-operative Bank * Oriental Bank of Commer Hospitals * Primary Health Centre Distance * Majtha (0km)*4+ * Rayya mandi (40 km) * Sohin Kaln (4.8km) * Shm Nagar (9.9km) * Kthu Nangal (11.4km) * Verka (13.5km) * Fatehgarh Chrin (13km) * Rja Snsi (20.1km) * Kla Afghnn (20.5km) * Alwl (20.9km) * Amritsar (18 km) * Chamiri (21.6km) * Chogawn (22.3km) * Ajnla (27km) * Jandila Guru (29.8km) * Rm Ds (30.6km) * Batla (31.8km) * Chugnwn (36.8km) * Mahta (38.8km) * Der Nnak (40.4km) * Kotla Gjrn (8.8km) * Jaintipur (18km) * Mnnwla (20.5km) * Bhagtnwla (25.3km) * Jandila (25.7km) * Chheharta (26.3km)

* Tangra (33.6km) * Gohlwar Varpl (33.7km) * Khsa (35.8km) Airports close to Majtha * Amritsar(ATQ), Amritsar, India (20.5km) * Allama iqbal international(LHE), Lahore, Pakistan (76.2km) * Pathankot(IXP), Pathankot, India (107.9km) * Jammu(IXJ), Jammu, India (134.6km) * Ludhiana(LUH), Ludhiaha, India (180.4km) Rajasansi Rajasansi is a town and a nagar panchayat in Amritsar district in the Indian state of Punjab. Amritsar International Airport is located on Ajnala-Rajasansi Road. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Rajasansi had a population of 12,131. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. In Rajasansi, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age. Ramdass Ramdass is a city and a municipal council in Amritsar district in the Indian state of Punjab. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Ramdass had a population of 5790. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Ramdass has an average literacy rate of 62%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 67%, and female literacy is 56%. In Ramdass, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age. Ramdass city belongs to the Jat Sikh Bal clan. Rayya Rayya mandi is a town and a nagar panchayat in Amritsar district in the Indian state of Punjab. Rayya is about 35 KM from Amritsar and 45 km from jalandhar. it is 5 km from the River Beas.RAYYA IS KNOWN FOR ITS GRAIN MARKET. it is also known for girls college,Shaheed Darshan Singh Pheruman College for Women and Shaheed Darshan Singh Pheruman Public School. It is situated on GT Road (National Highway). The major towns and villages near Rayya include: Baba Bakala, Beas, Pheruman, Dhianpur and Tangra. Most of the people residing in Rayya have come from the near by villages. Contents:- History/NOW RAYYA/EDUCATION/HEALTH/BANKS/PUBLIC SERVICES/RAYYA AS A BLOCK IN AMRITSAR DISTT/GRAIN MARKET/Religious Places in Rayya/SHAHEED DARSHAN SINGH PHERUMAN RAYYA MANDI History As per a story there were three brothers named Fattu, Feru and Aiya who took over the area almost 200 years ago and made three settlements at different locations. With time these three settlements grew up and became villages which were later on known as

Fatuwal, Feruman and Aiya. The name of Aiya was later on changed to Rayya.now rayya has grown up to big town and have every basic facility to live and satisfy need to live in a city .Rayya is also famous for its grain market which is largest in asia in the aspect of food grain purchase. NOW RAYYA Rayya is a big town in Amritsar distt. it has big grain market. it is situated on national highway it has different bazaars like Darge bazaar, mochi bazaar, lovely sweets wali gali, Bank wali gali Pheruman Road bazaar, lyalpur wali gali, Gurdwara chowk etc. SHANT NAGAR is the one of best area in Rayya mandi it has many schools - S.D.S.P.P. school is one of the best schools in the area. Rayya has many banks, two govt schools separate for girls and boys EDUCATION There are many schools and colleges in Rayya mandi * JANTA MODEL SCHOOL * SHAHEED DARSHAN SINGH PHERUMAN college for women * Montessery college of higher education * SHAHEED DARSHAN SINGH PHERUMAN public school * Guru nanak public school * Govt sen sec school for boys * Govt sen sec school for girls * Montessery public school * Jyoti modal school HEALTH There are many hospitals in Rayya mandi * Govt Hospital * Sharma Eye Hospital * Anand Hospital * Bath nursing home * kapoor Hospital * singhania Hospital * Sehaj Hospital BANKS * Punjab National Bank * State Bank of Patiala * State Bank of India * Punjab and Sind Bank * Axis Bank * OBC Bank * Uko Bank

* Amritsar co. Bank * Gramean bank PUBLIC SERVICES * SHAHEED JASKARAN GAS SERVICE RAYYA AS A BLOCK IN AMRITSAR DISTT Rayya mandi is one of the biggest block in Amritsar distt.it covers about 83 villages.The main villages under Rayya are Baba bakala,Beas,Khalchian,Mehta,Butter,Sathiala,Butala,Dhianpur,Pheruman etc.It is the center point from Amritsar,jalandhar,tarn taran,kapurthala,batala etc it is about 5 km from river Beas It is only Nagar panchayat in Baba bakala tehsil. GRAIN MARKET Rayya have big grain market.it is best known mandi in punjab.Rayya have big storeage godowns. Religious Places in Rayya * Vadda Gurdwara * Ramwara temple * Gurdwara Baba Namdev * Mata Rani temple * Baba Mehar shah * Gurdwara Nanak darbar * Shani temple SHAHEED DARSHAN SINGH PHERUMAN RAYYA MANDI SARDAR DARSHAN SINGH PHERUMAN (18851969), political leader and martyr, was born at the village of Pheruman, in Rayya block of Amritsar district, on 1 August 1885. His father`s name was Chanda Singh and his mother`s Raj Kaur. After passing his high school examination, he joined in 1912 the Indian army as a sepoy. Two years later, he resigned from the army and set up as a contractor at Hissar. He was doing well as a contractor, when a taunt from his mother, who was deeply religious, led him to give up his business and plunge into the Akali movement for the reform of Gurdwara management. In 1921, he was arrested in the morcha launched by Sikhs for recovering from the British deputy commissioner of Amritsar keys of the Golden Temple treasury he had seized, and was imprisoned for one year. In December 1924, he led the 14th ShahidiJatha toJaito, and was jailed for ten months. He also took part in the noncooperation movement launched by the Indian National Congress, serving a 14month term in jail. In 1926, he visited Malaya where he was detained by the British on the basis of his political record in India. While in jail, he went on a fast in protest against the orders forbidding the wearing of kachara, one of the five symbols of Khalsa discipline. He continued the fast for 21 days, ending it only when he had won his point. Returning home, Darshan Singh joined the Civil Disobedience movement and courted imprisonment thrice. He took part in the Quit India campaign during the

Second World War. For a number of years, he was a member of the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee and its general secretary for two terms. He was elected a member of the Rajya Sabha as a nominee of the Indian National Congress and retained his seat up to 1964. In 1959, he severed his connection with the Congress and joined the Swatantra Party of which he was one of the founders. In August 1969, Darshan Singh resolved to lay down his life to atone for what he termed as resilement on the part of some of the Sikh leaders from the solemn pledges they had taken at Sri Akal Takht and to have their default in not being able to secure the inclusion of Chandigarh and some other areas in the newly demarcated Punjab redeemed. So determined, he went on a fast unto death inside the Central Jail at Amritsar on 15 August. He stuck to his vow and stubbornly refused to have any nourishment until his demand for the amalgamation with the Punjab of the Punjabi speaking areas kept out of the new Punjab was conceded. On 27 October 1969, which was the 74th day of his fasting, he died. For the supreme sacrifice he thus made to rewrite the sanctity of a Sikh`s plighted word, his name is honoured among the martyrs of the Sikh faith.Now a school and college is running on his name in Rayya mandi Barnala district Barnala is one of the district of Indian state of Punjab. Earlier Barnala was part of Sangrur district , but now Barnala is a separate district. It is a centrally located district bordered by Ludhiana district on the north, Moga district on northwest, Bathinda district on west and by Sangrur district on all other sides. District Administration * The Deputy Commissioner (DC), an officer belonging to the Indian Administrative Service, is the overall in-charge of the General Administration in the district. He is assisted by a number of officers belonging to Punjab Civil Service and other state services. * The Senior Superintendent of Police (SSP), an officer belonging to the Indian Police Service is entrusted with the responsibility of maintaining law and order and related issues of the district. He is assisted by the officers of the Punjab Police Service and other Punjab Police officials. * The Divisional Forest Officer(DFO), an officer belonging to the Indian Forest Service is responsible for managing the Forests, environment and wild-life related issues of the district. He is assisted by the officers of the Punjab Forest Service and other Punjab Forest officials and Punjab Wild-Life officials. Sectoral development is looked after by the district head of each development department such as PWD, Agriculture, Health, Education and Animal husbandry. These officers belong to various State Services. Barnala Vidhan Sabha Halqa Barnala 103 consists of following cities, towns & villages :1. Barnala City ( including Sanghera Village which is a part of city itself) 2. Dhaula

3. Handiaya ( including Kothe Chungan, Kothe Saran, Kothe Dulat) 4. Amla Singh Wala 5. Bhadalwad 6. Karamgarh 7. Nanagal 8. Thulewal 9. Jhalur 10. Sekha 11. Pharwahi 12. Patti Sekhwan 13. Jodhpur 14. Khuddi Kalan 15. Dhanula Khurd 16. Manna Pindi 17. Jawanda Pindi 18. Rajgarh 19. Uppli 20. Kattu 21. Bhathlan 22. Harigarh 23. Badbar 24. Bhaini Mehraj 25. Dangarh 26. Bhure 27. Barnala Dihati ( Kothe Surjitpura, Kothe Bhathlan, Kothe Rangian, Kothe Ramsar) Barnala is a city in the Punjab state of India which serves as the capital of the Barnala district. It is situated in the heart of the state. Barnala is well known for textile market in the area. Contents:- History and famous people/Demographics/Health/Hotels, Clubs and Health Clubs/Educational institutions History and famous people The common prevalent details reveal that this place was a village named Anahatgarh. In neighbouring village Bhadalwadh Rungarh Muslims used to live who indulged in cattlestealing and plundering acts in surrounding villages grazing cattle in their crops. Following tormentation by Rungarh Muslims, people of Anahadgarh went to Bhadaur for help. Baba Gama was known for his might. When people went to Bhadaur at that time, Baba Gama was not there in his house but his brother Baba Ala Singh came along with them and he forced all Rungarh Muslims to run and started living there planting a tree (it being a Dera at that time marking foundation of a village).

Eminent Sikh historian Giani has recorded the details of setting up of Barnala in the annals of Khalsa in this manner that in the year 1775 Baba Ala Singh after offering Bhadaur (set up by King Padhar Sain) to his brother Duna Singh came to Barnala region which was lying aloof at that time. Setting it up, he made it his capital and took under his control surrounding villages. It too appears that Anahadgarh may be existing before and must have been deserted following attacks of Dharvis. There are different opinions about the nomenclature of Barnala. Some are of the view, Vaaran being a region because of frequent storms was at that time also called Varna. So Barnala was called a land of too many storms which later on became Barnala because of precision of example. Another view reveals that a fort here is said to be built by Baba Ala Singh in which there was a Baahuli (a well which had stairs going down). That too due to precision and Malwai accent was known as Baain. Thus Baain Wala ultimately became Barnala. Thus these are different views only but no historical detail is available that how name Barnala came into existence. Barnala was named after Baba Ala Singh.Baba Ala Singh left Bhadaur with his elder brother(hometown of Patiala State)and settled at Barnala and conquered many areas with the help of his brothers the Bhadaur Sardars. Though it was a district headquarters in erstwhile princely state system, it was later merged in PEPSU (Patiala & East Punjab States Union) and degraded as sub divisional headquarter. Its restored as a district headquarters . Punjabi writers Ram Sarup Ankhi, Om Parkash Gasso, Dr Pritam Singh Rahi, Dr Amar Komal, Pawan Parinda all live here. Some of these writers are credited to have translated Bhagavad Gita into Punjabi. Surjit Singh Barnala(Tamil: ; Punjabi: ; born

October 21, 1925) is the present governor of Tamil Nadu, India. He has held that position since November 2004. During his eventful career in Indian politics he has been Governor of four states, Chief Minister of Punjab, a Minister in the Union Cabinet twice, a VicePresidential candidate. For more Details on Surjit Singh Barnala check Surjit Singh Barnala Demographics Sadar Bazar at Diwali time As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Barnala had a population of 96,397. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Barnala has an average literacy rate of 65%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 68% of the males and 62% of females literate. 12% of the population is under 6 years of age. Sikhs make up 85% of the population in Barnala, and Hindus make up the other 15%. During the 1947 partition Barnala was hit hard with violence and killing. There are a few Muslim families residing in Barnala but majority of them fled or adopted Sikhism. a most famous person mr ravinder jit singh bindi who is chairman ajit rural education and social welfare society also live in this city. Barnala has given birth to many famous

personalities like Late Pt.Som Dutt Sharma who remained the MLA of Barnala also he was Minister of tourism for sometime but left due to some reasons. He was known for his strong will power and has good influence on nearby villages. Health The city has a well established civil hospital and a plenty of private specialists in medicine and surgery. Hotels, Clubs and Health Clubs Barnala has a Rotary club, Lions Club, and Barnala Club. Educational institutions Barnala has got schools like Dayanand Kendriya Vidya Mandir, Sarvhitkari Uch Vidya Mandir, Arya Model School, Baba Gandha Public, Y.S. Public, Gandhi Arya and others along with colleges like S.D. College, Govt. College for Women, L.B.S. college for women. Recently two new Engineering Colleges got affiliation from Punjab Technical University. Colleges are Aryabhata college of engineering and Technology and Kings Group of Colleges. There are some Nursing Schools and Polytechnic colleges also situated in the City of Barnala. Bathinda district Bathinda district is in Punjab, India. The districts encompasses an area of 3,344 square kilometres. It is bounded by Faridkot district on the north, Mukatsar district on the west, Barnala and Mansa districts on the east, and the state of Haryana on the south. Bathinda is cotton producing belt of Punjab. Contents:- History/Demography/Administration History The district of Bathinda came into existence with the formation of the PEPSU in 1948. It had its headquarters at Faridkot, which were shifted to Bathinda in 1953.[1] Demography Bathinda is the ninth largest district in Punjab with a population of 1,183,295[2]. Bathinda has a ratio of 865 females per 1000 males and an overall population density of 390 people per square kilometer. The district also has a literacy rate of 61.51%[3] Important Jatt Clans of Bathinda District are Sidhu, Gill, Brar, Sandhu, Maan, Virk, Ghumman, Dhillon, Sekhon, Waraich, Deol, Randhawa, Sanghera, Gandhar, Aulakh, Bhullar, Romana, Godara, Dhaliwal. Administration The setup of the Indian government down to the municipal level Bathinda is divided into the 3 tehsils of Bathinda,Rampurphul, and Talwandisabo. These tehsils are further divided into the 8 blocks of Bathinda, Sangat, Nathana,Rampura, Phul, Maur, Bhagta Bhaika and Talwandisabo

Bathinda or Bhatinda (Punjabi:

), named after the Bhati Rajput kings, is one of the

oldest cities in Punjab, India and the current administrative headquarters of Bathinda District. It is situated in north-western India in the Malwa (Punjab) Region, 225 km west of the capital city of Chandigarh. Bathinda is nicknamed the city of Lakes and was once known as Tabar-e-Hind(or Tabarhindh),[1] meaning the Gateway to India. The first empress of India, Razia Sultan was imprisoned in the Qila Mubarak fort in Bathinda. Bathinda is home to two modern thermal power plants, Guru Nanak Dev Thermal Plant in the city and the other one, Guru Hargobind Thermal Plant at Lehra Mohabbat.[2] It is also home to a fertilizer plant,[3] a large oil refinery, a Zoo,[2] and the historic Qila Mubarak fort.[4] Bathinda is one of the biggest food grain and cotton markets in northern India, and the area around Bathinda has become a large grape growing area. The railway station of Bathinda is one of the biggest railway junctions in the country. It is one of the leading cities in Punjab for education.[5] Contents:Prehistoric times/History/Geography and climate/Economy/Demographics/Education/Places of interest Prehistoric times Year Events 40,000 BC People began living in man-made shelter huts in northern Punjab and central Asia (Bactria) 7000 BC There is evidence of people growing barley in this area and raising sheep and goats. People began living in mud-brick dwellings in villages, some of which are still in existence. 5500 BC Inhabitants learned to make pottery from burnt clay, a technique that is scarce but still alive today. 3000 BC Farming villages began appearing in the Bathinda area, most of which still exist today. 2600 BC Farmers in the area made use of the plough; exactly as it is still used in some Bathinda areas today. 1500 BC Cities of the area were abandoned, but the rural villages thrived and survived. Indo-Aryans arrived in the area. 800 BC Indo-Aryans spread in the area and began clear-cutting forests. 600 BC Area inhabitants began use of elephants in warfare. 125 BC A Scythian tribe known as Sakas invaded Punjab from Balochistan and Sindh. 15 AD The Kushan Kingdom was restored in the area. History The Etymology of "Bathinda" is uncertain. Although some possibilities exist. According to Khalifa Muhammad Hassan, author of History of Patiala, the ancient name of the city was

Bikramgarh. According to Ibn Battuta it was known as Batrind. It is generally believed that Bathinda was built by Bhati Rajput kings, who were the rulers of Punjab in 6th century AD. They called the city Whatinda or Bitunda after their surname which finally become known as Bhatinda. Bhatinda was changed to Bathinda to conform to the phonetical expression as locally pronounced.[1] According to Henry George Raverty, Bathinda was known as Tabarhindh (Labb-ut-Twarikh). The earliest mention of Tabarhindh occurs in the "Jami-UlHakayat" written about 607 Hijri or 1211 AD. The city was under the rule of Hindu shahi king Jayapala in 965 AD. Emperor Jayapala was challenged by the armies of Sultan Sabuktigin and later by his son Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni. In 1004, Mahmud of Ghazni besieged the local fort, which was located on the route from the northwest into the rich Ganges valley. In 1189, Muhammad Ghori attacked and occupied the fort of Bathinda. Prithvi Raj Chauhan, the ruler of this region, managed to recover possession of the fort thirteen months later in 1191 after the first battle of Tarain. After the death of Muhammad Ghori, Delhi Sultanate was established. The fourth Emperor - Iltutmish, on his death-bed nominated his daughter Raziya as his heiress. Raziya became the next and the first Empress of India and was known as Razia Sultan. Her childhood friend named Malik Altunia, the governor of Bathinda, joined a rebellion by other provincial governors who refused to accept Razia's authority. She was imprisoned at the Bathinda fort in April, 1240. She was released in August and later died in October 1240. The city later came under the control of The Sidhu-Brars, who were thrown out of Bathinda during Lodhi's rule, but were restored to the area by Babur. A few years later, Roop Chand, a Sikh, came into the scene of Punjab history. Phul, the second son of Roop Chand, started the practice of langar(community kitchen) for the people in the Lakhi jungle area. The city of Bhatinda was also visited by the tenth sikh guru Guru Gobind Singh. He halted at the mausoleum of Haji Rattan, a celebrated Muslim saint, which was at a distance of two kilometers outside the city. He also visited and surveyed the strategic importance of the Bathinda Fort. In circa 1754, the town was conquered by Maharaja Ala Singh, the Maharaja of Patiala and since then it followed the history of erstwhile princely state of Patiala. With the dawn of indendence and merger of Patiala and East Punjab States into a division called PEPSU, bathinda become a full fledged district with headquarters at Bathinda city.[1] Geography and climate Bathinda is located in the north-western region of India and is a part of the Indo-Gangetic alluvial plains. The exact cartographic co-ordinates of Bathinda are 3012N 7457E / 30.20N 74.95E / 30.20; 74.95.[6] It has an average elevation of 201 metres (660 ft). Bathinda's climate correspond to semi arid with high variation between summer and winter temperatures. Average annual rainfall is in a range of 20 40 mm.[7] Summer temperaures of 48 C (118.4 F) and winter temperatures of 0 C (32 F) are not unknown in Bathinda.

The weather is generally dry, but is very humid from mid-May to the end of August. Rainfall is primarily from the south-west due to monsoon weather, and is concentrated in the period July to mid-September. The region is very dusty and dust-laden winds often interrupt the normal life during the hot summer evenings. The vegetation is scanty and due to improper planning and lopsided growth traffic jams often take the most of your evening time. The surrounding districts are of Muktsar, Faridkot, Mansa, Moga and Sangrur in Punjab and Sirsa in Haryana. The boundary of the state of Rajasthan is also under an hour's drive from Bathinda. Economy Bathinda is surrounded by 12 small and medium towns, making the city a hub of most industrial activities in the region. a view of Gurunanak thermal plant Bathinda is one of the largest railway junctions of India. More lines extend from it than any other junction on the Indian Railway network. Bathinda cantonment is also said to be the largest in Asia. Bathinda has one of the biggest food-grain and cotton markets in India. The Multinational Corporation Pepsi processes horticultural products grown in Bathinda. Major industries in Bathinda include, National Fertilizers Plant, two power plants: Guru Nanak Dev Thermal Plant and Guru Hargobind Thermal Plant(Lehra Mohabbat), Petrochemical Plants, Yarn & Textiles Plants, Citrus Fruit Belts and Sugar Mills. HMEL is building a Grassroots oil refinery [8] in Bathinda. As part of a massive development programme to make Bathinda a model city of Punjab, the government has proposed to set up a special economic zone (SEZ) for textile, a flying school, an international cricket stadium and academy, a domestic airport and an airconditioned bus stand within three years. Besides, private players are also building new Shopping malls and a five star hotel in the city. Bathinda is also an Educational Hub of this region, especially for competitive exams preparations, which in turn is a source of income for the local residents. Tourism sector in the region has also grown manifold, as Bathinda has some of the oldest monuments, some of them even dating back to 3,000 B.C. to the Harappan period. Demographics According to India's census of 2001,[9] Bathinda had a population of 217,389. Males constitute 54% of the population and females, 46%. Bathinda has an average literacy rate of 70% , higher than the national average of 59.5%; 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. Education One of the few new central universities of India Central University of Punjab is located in Bathinda. Government Rajindra College is located in the heart of the city founded by the Maharaja of patiala. The city also has a government engineering college named, Giani Zail Singh College Of Engineering & Technology. S.S.D. Senior Secondary School (Boys) is one of

the oldest educational institutes and many English medium schools have also come up in the city during the last 30 years. DAV Public School and Delhi Public School have also opened their branches in the city. Many missionary schools are also being run in the city like, St. Xavier's Sr. Sec. School, St. Joseph Sr. Sec. School, St. Paul school, etc. Bathinda is often considered to be an educational hub of this region. Many students from the neighboring towns who intend to pursue medical or engineering come here to prepare for their entrance exams. There are many known private institutes in the city preparing students for various engineering and medical entrance examinations. There is one government funded and nearly ten private colleges in the city. Places of interest Bathinda has a rich religious and cultural heritage. There are a number places worth visiting in and around the city. Many of them are deeply associated with various religious beliefs. 1. Qila Mubarak This is an oldest and highest small brick monument. Qila Mubarak. 2. Bahia Fort This was built in 1930 in front of the main Fort by S. Balwant Singh Sidhu belong to a group of 22 villages, so called Bahia Sahib. It was as official residence of armed forces of Maharaja Bhupinder Singh of Patiala State . Now it has been converted into a Four Star Hotel. 3. Lakhi Jungle This is situated 15 km away from Bathinda and on the way to Mukatsar. A forest having old Gurudwara enjoyed the touches of Shri Guru Nanak Dev who recited one lakh holy Paths of Shri Japuji Sahib.Therefore it was called Lakhi Jungle. Tenth Sikh Guru , Guru Gobind Singh also visited this place. 4. Rose Garden This garden boasts of large number of varieties of Roses. It is very near the city and is visited by large number of people on weekends. The 10-acre (40,000 m2) garden is located close to Thermal Plant. It has a vast variety of rose plants and is a good picnic spot. 5. Zoological garden It is a plant nursery of the forest department located approximately 10 km away from the Cantonment and is a popular picnic spot. This place is a small zoo in the midst of a small forest. 6. Chetak Park A beautiful garden built in Bathinda Cantonment is popular among children's and others. It has a lake and boating facility. 7. Mazaar of Peer Haji Rattan It is one of the most revered place of worship in the city. Bhisiana Bhisiana is a census town in Bathinda district in the state of Punjab, India.

Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Bhisiana had a population of 4775. Males constitute 59% of the population and females 41%. Bhisiana has an average literacy rate of 75%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 78% and female literacy of 69%. 15% of the population is under 6 years of age. Bhucho Mandi Bhucho Mandi is a city and a municipal council in Bathinda district in the state of Punjab, India. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Bhucho Mandi had a population of 13,183. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Bhucho Mandi has an average literacy rate of 63%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 69% and female literacy of 56%. 13% of the population is under 6 years of age. Goniana Goniana is a city and a municipal council in Bathinda district in the Indian state of Punjab. Demographics Goniana Mandi ( ) is small town of district Bathinda. Bathinda is the one of the district of Punjab, India. The laguage speak in this town is Punjabi. This is one of the growing town of district Bathinda. It is located about 13 KM from Bathinda on Bathinda-Amritsar highway. As of 2001 India census Goniana Mandi had a population of 12812. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Goniana has an average literacy rate of 71%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 75%, and female literacy is 66%. In Goniana, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age. Full Name............................... Goniana Mandi Short Name.............................. GONIANAMANDI District................................ Bathinda State................................... Punjab Country................................. India Latitude (decimal degrees).............. 30.3167 Longitude (decimal degrees)............. 74.9 DMS Latitude............................ 30*1900 DMS Longitude........................... 74*5400 Universal Transverse Mercator........... DP95 Joint Operation Graphics................ NH43-06 Kot Fatta Kot Fatta is a city and a municipal council in Bathinda district in the Indian state of Punjab.

The town is the second railway station on the Bathinda-Delhi railway line. In the north is Bhucho Mandi, in south is Tawandi Sabo (Damdama Sahib) and in the east is Maur Mandi. Demographics As of the 2001 India census,[1] Kot Fatta has a population of 6493. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Kot Fatta has an average literacy rate of 51%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 58%, and female literacy is 44%. In Kot Fatta, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age. Overview Kot Fatta has a Govt. Senior Secondary School. It has a small Bazzar, a Health Dispensary, a Bus Stand with shops on Bathinda Mansa Road. The main Jat Sikh Community are Dhillons and it is a agriculture town. Maur Mandi Maur is a city and a municipal council in Bathinda district in the Indian state of Punjab.It has a class II Municipal committee. Contents:History/Geography/Infrastructure/Demographics/Notable residents/Industry/Surroundings History The town is said to have been founded by one Maur, a Jat of Mann sub caste. There exists a gurudwara which is associated with the visit of Sri Guru Teg Bahadur, the ninth Guru of the Sikhs. It is said that the guru stayed here for a few days and got rid the villagers of a ghost. A fair is held here one very Amavas.The town is known for the manufacture of agricultural items and shoes. Geography Maur is located at 3005N 7515E / 30.08N 75.25E / 30.08; 75.25.[1] It has an average elevation of 212 metres (695 feet).Situated on Bathinda Mansa road at a distance of 42 km from Bathinda, the district headquarters, Maur (also called Maur Mandi) is a railway station on the Firozpur - Bathinda - New Delhi railway line. It falls in tehsil Talwandi Sabo, whose headquartersare 18 km from here. It is well connected by road with the State headquarters, Chandigarh (187 km), Patiala (122 km), Talwandi Sabo (18 km) and Bathinda (42 km). Infrastructure The lanes of houses are wider as compared to all other towns of Punjab. Regarding education, there is a Punjabi University campus where Graduate and Postgraduate courses are provided by quality teachers and infrastructure. S.D. High School has produced lot of doctors, engineers, judges, executive officers and many other business tycoons. Lot of people are well settled in foreign countries like England, USA and Africa. But Maur lacks a good library, auditorium, sports stadium and any beautiful park. No person belonging to this town has ever represented the parliament and legislative assembly of India but now Maur, being an independent assembly constituency and Bathinda Parliament seat being unreserved, there is a possibility of having an MLA or MP belonging to Maur.

Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Maur had a population of 27,531. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Maur has an average literacy rate of 78%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 65%, and female literacy is 51%. In Maur, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age. Notable residents 1. Choudhary Dewan Chand * A legend had already matured to a leader popularly known as Chaudhary Sahib, who never headed Municipal, Market, Mahabir Dal, Mandir, Gaushala, School Sports or any other committee but was "Kingmaker" for all these organizations. His representation in these bodies was mostly unanimous choice of the people but if somebody had challenged him people gave a befitting reply, whosoever he may be. One such quotable example is of Municipal Committee elections of 1979 in which he defeated one of the richest man with thumping margin and campaign was so vigorous that even BBC had covered the event. * Very good player of volleyball, remained captain of Maur Volleyball team and people often came to enjoy his style of smashes along the net. * He was helpful to everybody especially the weaker sections of society. He was a man of principles and never compromised on these and never bowed to anybody for his own sake. In spite of being totally illiterate, ministers and senior officers of any level respected him and often took his advice while handling public affairs. * Though he died of heart attack on 7 Dec 1987, but he is so popular amongst the masses even now that people weep whenever they remember him and often say that nobody has matched his leadership till now. * To keep his exceptional work done alive, his son Er. Makhan Lal Garg along with other family members has formed a charitable trust named as Chaudhary Dewan Chand Foundation. It has started working for the uplift of Maur area and its people in every respect to make Maur a well prosperous and developed town. 2. Shri Sohan Lal Kansal - The first president of Municipal Committee of Maur. Also known an Pradhan Ji. Industry Maur area is famous for mustard crop in quality as well as quantity. A hub of mustard oil exists here and if we talk of quality, mustard oil of Maur mills carries more value than any place all over India. Maur falls under the famous Cotton Belt (Malwa Region) of Punjab. So this is becoming the hub of cotton ginning and spinning industry. There are many spinning mills situated here. Out of these one is Shree Hari Spintex Ltd. This mill is equipped with the latest ring spinning machinery from LMW comprising of 18000 Spindles and Auto winding machines from Germany. Of late a new trend has emerged in the industrial development of Maur Mandi. A business consortium led by visionary Sri M.L Mangla planned to upgrade themselves from being cotton ginning giants under the name of Krishna Oil and General

Mills into the cotton spinning. They have rechristened themselves as Rama Krishna Spintex (P) Limited. Both these mills have generated a great opportunity for employment for the region. Surroundings Following are well known around Maur Mandi * Dam-Dama-Sahib (18 kms from Maur), - A famous takht of Sikhs where Guru Gobind Singh Ji had stayed for sometime. * Maiserkhana (5 kms from Maur) - A famous temple called Maiserkhana Mata Temple * Ubhe Wali Mata Mandir (10 kms from Maur). Raman Raman is a city and a municipal council in Bathinda district in the Indian state of Punjab. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[1], Raman had a population of 19,549. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Raman has an average literacy rate of 58%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 61%, and female literacy is 55%. In Raman, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age. Rampura Phul Rampura Phul is a city and a municipal committee in Bathinda district in the Indian state of Punjab. It is located on Patiala-Bathinda State Highway (No. 12). It named so because it is located in between two villages Rampura & Phul Town. Phul Town serves as a Tehsil for villages in nearby area. City is main market for all surrounding villages and education center, since many students from villages come here for education. Contents:- Demographics/Surrounding/Education/Famous for Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Rampura Phul had a population of 42,820. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Rampura Phul has an average literacy rate of 66%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 70%, and female literacy is 61%. In Rampura Phul, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age. It is a town located between two villages of Rampura and Phul and hence its name Rampura Phul. Surrounding Mehraj, the ancestral village of Patiala royal family, is situated 3 km away from the town. 22 villages emerge from Mehraj forming the Bahia group. Other villages near Rampura town are Mandi Kalan, Dahde, Gill and Lehra Mohhbat. Education Recently Punjabi University Patiala has opened a college named University College as a part of Punjabi University Neighbourhood Campus, Rampura Phul (Phul-Mehraj)[2] on May 31, 2005 by converting it from Tapasavi Puran Dass Ji Malwa College (known in area as TPD malwa collage). There are 2 girls college also in the town named Shaheed Smark College and Sarswati College. In addition there are several schools mainly Bharatiya model Senior

Secondary School, St. Xavier High School, DOON Public School, Modern Secular Public School, Saravhitkari Vidya Mandir, Arya Samaj School and few government schools. St. Xavier's High School is run by a group of fathers from Goa belonging to the Pillar's society of Goa.File:DSC01247.jpg Famous for Rampura Phul is well known throughout Asia for blood donation. One of the key promoters of this blood donation effort is Mr. Mahesh Kumar(Romi). It has a big tea market second to Amritsar in the country. It has a large no of rice mills,about 73 in number. Few years back, it was powered with Lehra Mohabbat Thermal Plant. It has a Quila at Phul,which was not preserved and hence fell out of history. This Quila was the origin of Phulkian states(Patiala,Jind,Nabha) and no one ever bothered to preserve it, not even kith and kin of royals. Rampura Phul has its only web designing and developing company named Welkin Web Services, which is located at Maur-Talwandi Sabo road and has its clients from overseas also Sangat Sangat is a city and a municipal council in Bathinda district in the Indian state of Punjab. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[1], Sangat had a population of 5396. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Sangat has an average literacy rate of 52%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 57%, and female literacy is 47%. In Sangat, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age. Firozpur district Ferozepur district is one of the twenty districts in the state of Punjab in North-West India. It comprises an area of 11,142 km. The surface is level, with the exception of a few sandhills in the south and south-east. The country consists of two distinct tracts that are liable to annual fertilizing inundations from the Sutlej, the only river, which runs along the northwestern boundary. The principal crops are wheat, barley, millet, gram, pulses, oil seeds, cotton, tobacco, &c. The manufactures are of the humblest kind, consisting chiefly of cotton and wool-weaving and are confined entirely to the supply of local wants. The other important towns and sea of commerce are Zira, Fazilka, Abohar, Dharmkot, Mallanwalla, Talwandi Bhai and Jalalabad. Geographically it is the biggest district of Punjab. Owing principally to the dryness of its climate (apart from annual rains in September and October), Ferozepur has the reputation of being an exceptionally healthy district. It has second most rice mills in Punjab and used to be big trade centre before partition of India and Pakistan. Firozpur city is the capital of this District. The Firozpur Cantonment adjoining Ferozepur city combines with the city to give the district its most urban hub. It is one of the oldest cantonments in India Contents:- History/Location/Geography/Demographics/Administration History

Firozpur District was part of the Mamdot estate. The capital city, Firozpur, is believed to have been founded by Firuz Shah Tughluq from which the district obtains its name. In 1838, as part of the first Anglo-Afghan war, troops of the British East India Company marched from Ferozepur to Kabul. Seven years later during the Anglo-Sikh War the area was the scene of conflict between the Khalsa army and the British. It has always remained an important place throughout its existence. It has always remained as a border area, earlier between Sikhs and Britishers and now between India and Pakistan.[1] At the time of Partition of India, Firozpur had a Muslim Nawab and had been ruled by the same Mamdot family for centuries, along with the majority which voted to join Pakistan. In a very controversial move, however, British Viceroy Mountbatten the Firozpur district, and the estate of the Nawab of Mamdot to India, forcing hundreds of thousands of Muslims to flee in the chaos of Partition from Firozpur to Pakistan. This was a very controversial move, and many Pakistanis believe this was an attempt by the British to undermine the survival of Pakistan as an independent state. This move would leave the newly established nation without one single military complex. Most importantly, while the bulk of the fertile land remained in Pakistan, the canal head works and water sources are found in the district. This has caused much tensions between the two countries as India has, time and time again, violated the Indus Water Treaty and hindered water flow to Pakistan, creating hurdles for Pakistan's agriculture based economy. Also,the forceful integration of the region into India allowed Indian soldiers to enter Kashmir. This caused the 1947 Indo-Pakistan war and the War of 1965. Today, Firozpur has a Sikh and Hindu majority with a virtually non-existent Muslim population. Most Muslims left for West Punjab, in the wake of Partition of India while and most of the remainder converted to Sikhism in order to escape massacre at the hands of the Sikhs.[citation needed] Location It is located next to the border with Pakistan, the border being to its west. It has the district of Amritsar to its north, and Fazilka and Abohar to the south. Geography It has extreme climate, with the summers being very hot and the winters very cold. The River Sutlej runs through the district and moves over to the Pakistan side through the Ferozpur Pakistan border. There is a large lake made at the Hussainiwala headworks. Due to new district carved out lately on the east of Firozpur district are Moga district and Faridkot district. Towards the south it touches Mukatsar district as well. On the southwest lies Ganganagar district. On the North it is separated from Kapurthala district and in the northwest it is separated from Amritsar district by Satluj River (formerly: Sutlej). Demographics According to the 2001 census, the population of the district was 1,746,000.[2] Administration The district is administratively subdivided into the following tehsils:[2]

* Abohar * Fazilka * Firozpur * Jalalabad * Zira Firozpur (Punjabi: , Hindi: ) (alternatively Ferozepur) is a city in Firozpur

District in Punjab, India. Founded by Sultan Firuz Shah Tughluq (135188) on the banks of the Sutlej River. Accordimg to some other unconfirmed sources it was founded by Feroze a Rajput chief of the Bhatti clan. Ferozpur today is a transportation and administration center and an ancient city located on the banks of the Sutlej River, in the state of Punjab, India. It is a border town on the Indo-Pakistan border with memorials to India's freedom fighters.[1] Three heroic martyrs in India's struggle for freedom, Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev, were hanged in Lahore for their revolutionary activities against the British Government on March 23, 1931. They were cremated and their Samdhi is located in Hussainiwala on the Sutlej river bank. Ferozepur also holds a historic place in Indian history as it was here that British Raj established control over much of North-West India as well as what is now Pakistan through the Anglo-Sikh Wars that were fought in this region. Today it is the headquarters of a brigade of the Northern Corps of the Indian Army. Shaheed Bhagat Singh College of Engg. and Technology is located at Moga road in Ferozepur. It is a Government Engg. College and has an excellent reputation.[2] Firozpur Cantonment is adjacent to and south of the city, during British times it was one of the largest Cantonments in the country. Ferozepur has easy access by road and rail to other places such as Amritsar, Ludhiana, Jalandhar, Delhi, and Chandigarh, the city is a center of numerous holy shrines and historic places. At the nearby city of Zira a beautiful Jain Swetambar Temple with ancient brass icons and beautiful wall murals is located. In addition to cotton and grain cultivation and agriculture-related services, Firozpur has some light manufacturing. Commercial progress has been restricted by its vicinity to the tense border with Pakistan. Normalizing relations between the two nuclear nations promise to raise the city's profile as a potential trade hub. Ferozepur is the oldest British district of the Punjab established in 1833 as district headquarters even well before Ludhiana and Amritsar became districts. Legendry olympian Sanyam Kataria was also born here. Ferozepur district even after Partition included many areas which were later reorganised to be a part of the Faridkot, Moga, Muktsar and Bathinda Districts. The per hectare wheat yields of this district are comparable to best in the world and it matched wheat yields per hectare of Ontario Province in Canada Contents:- Location/Demographics/Education/Places of interest/Shopping Centres Location

Ferozepore is an ancient city situated close to the present day Indo-Pakistan border. It is believed to have been founded by Ferozeshah Tughluq in the 14th century. Another version claims that it was founded by a Bhatti chief called Feroze Khan. However, the first version is more widely accepted as Ferozeshah Tughluq had a passion for building new cities and renaming old ones especially after his own name. He claimed, "Among the many gifts which God bestowed upon me, His humble servant, was a desire to erect public buildings. So I built many mosques, colleges and monasteries, that the learned and the elders, the devout and the holy, might worship God in these edifices and aid the kind builder with their prayers." Ferozepore's strategic position in the northwest of the country has resulted in its being part of many military expeditions in the area. During the first Anglo-Sikh war in 1845, it was due to the negligence of the British commander at Ferozepore that the Khalsa was able to cross the Sutlej unopposed. When Lord Hardinge declared war on the Sikhs, the first battle was fought at Mudki, 20 miles south-east of Ferozepore. In 1838, Ferozepore was the centre from where British troops advanced to Kabul during the first Anglo-Afghan war. Legendry olympian Sanyam Kataria was also born here. Three martyrs of India's freedom struggle Shaheed Bhagat Singh and his associates Shaheed Rajguru and Shaheed Sukhdev have their final resting place on the banks of the river Sutlej in Ferozepur. On March 23, 1931, despite popular protest, the three men were executed in Lahore and were quietly cremated in the dead of night near Ferozepore. They were executed for terrorism against the British. Today, a Shaheed Bhagat Singh Memorial marks the spot and every year on March 23, thousands of people gather to pay homage of these freedom fighters. Ferozepore has another historical memorial, the Saragarhi Gurudwara, commemorating the sacrifice of 21 Sikh soldiers who perished at Saragarhi in Baluchistan. On 12 September, every year, people gather here to pay tribute to the heroic soldiers and celebrate Saragarhi Day. The memorial service also provides an occasion for ex-servicemen to have a reunion. Ferozepur city is to the South-West of Amritsar city and located some 109 km from Amritsar. Another nearby city to the North of Ferozepur is Tarn Taran. To the East is Ludhiana about 135 km away. In the West it has Kasur and Lahore in Pakistan across the International Border at Husainiwala/Ganda Singh Wala. Other nearby cities include Fazilka, Abohar, (located to the South-West of Ferozepur) to the North-East of Ferozepur are Nakodar, Kapurthala and Jalandhar, (located North-East of Ferozepur). The cities of Muktsar and Faridkot are South of Ferozpur. Demographics As of 2001 India census,[3] Ferozpur had a population of 95,451, which increased from 78,738 in 1991. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Ferozpur has an average literacy rate of 71%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 73%, and female literacy is 68%. In Ferozpur, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Ferozpur is among the district where Sikhs do not have a big majority making up only 51% of the population. Education The key schools in the city and the adjoining Cantonment are :1. B.M Jain Sr. Sec. School-Cantt 2. D.P.D. Model Sr. Sec. School 3. Shanti Vidya Mandir School 4. R.S.D. Raj Rattan public school-City 5. Dasmesh Sr Sec Public School, City 6. D.C. Model Senior Secondary School - Cantt 7. Manavta Public Sr.Sec School Firozpur City 8. D.C. Model International School- City 9. Dev Samaj Model School - City 10. Army Public School - Cantt 11. Kendriya Vidyalaya - Cantt. 12. B.S.M. Sr. Secondary School - City, 13. S D Higher Secondary School - City 14. Arya Girls Higher Secondary School - City 15. D.A.V. Public School - City 16. H. M. Senior Secondary School - City 17. St Joseph's Convent School 18. C.K Sr. Sec. School - City 19. Hans Raj Vidya Mandir - City 20. Sai Public School - City 21. Manav mandir senior sec.school 22. M.L.M Senior Secondary School-Cantt 23. G.Sen.Sec. School(Boys)-City 24. G.Sen.Sec. School(Girls)-City 25. Sikh Kanya Maha vidialya-City Colleges in area :1. RSD College - City 2. Dev Samaj College for Women - City 3. Guru Nanak Dev College - Cantt 4. DAV College for Girls - Cantt Professional College:1. Ferozepur College of Engineering & Technology 2. Ferozepur Institute Of Management 3. Shahid Bhagat Singh College of Engineering & Technology 4. Genesis Institute of Dental Sciences & Research

5. Government Polytechnic College 6. Government Industrial Training Institute 7. Shahid Bhagat Singh Nursing College Places of interest Hussainiwala - Apart from a lake, it is also the location of Bhagat Singh and his revolutionary colleagues' Samdhi. The Indo-Pakistani border crossing at Hussainiwala and the change of guards ceremony each evening. Harike waterworks and barrage and its adjoining wetlands. Ferozeshah, a village some 22 km from Ferozepur, has a museum as well as a memorial raised by the British to commemorate the dead of the Battle of Ferozeshah in the AngloSikh Wars. Gandhi Garden, a very beautiful rather peaceful place to pass time in the evening, some fun for kids too it has a small amusement park. Shitala Mata Mandir, a very religious place and a worth seeing statues or sculptures of Hindu gods and goddess Firozpur Cantonment, is a cantonment town in Firozpur district in the state of Punjab, India. It is located adjacent to and south of the city of Firozpur. Shaheed Bhagat Singh Stadium, a stadium with good facilities and a swimming pool, place to do sport. Shopping Centres 1. Amartex Shopping World 2. Adhar Shopping Centre 3. Easy Day Shopping Firozpur Cantonment Firozpur Cantonment is a cantonment town in Firozpur district in the state of Punjab, India. It is located adjacent to and south of the city of Firozpur. During the First Anglo-Sikh War, Firozpur Cantonment played a key role for the British Indian Army. Today, it is the Divisional headquarter for 7th Infanty Division, XI Corps, Indian Army. The district's key adminsitrative offices and residences (Such as the district courts and the Commissioner's office ) are in the Cantt rather than the city. The Mall road is the key road in the Cantonment and runs for most of the Cantt's length, and all key offices and institutions as well as residences are located on or in close proximity to it. Contents:- Demographics/History/Education Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Firozpur Cantonment had a population of 57,418. Males constitute 60% of the population and females 40%. Firozpur Cantonment has an average

literacy rate of 75%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 80%, and female literacy is 68%. In Firozpur Cantonment, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. History Historically this was an important Cantonment for the British, it was a base for the AngloSikh Wars in the 1840s. And continued as an important cantonment that was a base for supporting forward positions in now Pakistan. Till World War two it was one of the largest Cantonment in this region. After Partition the cantt's importance declined. There is an abandoned airstrip of British Vintage in the Cantt. The Battle of Saragarhi Gurudwara is a part of the Cantonment's military history as the men in the battle were mostly from adjoining areas. Education 1. The Army Public School 2. Kendriya Vidyalaya Firozpur Cantt. 3. St Joseph's in the nearby city. Guru Har Sahai Guru Har Sahai is a city and a municipal council in Firozpur district in the Indian state of Punjab. Contents:- Demographics/Administration/History/Attractions in the city/Religious Fair/Private Media Channel/ Education/Schools Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Guru Har Sahai had a population of 14,348. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Guru Har Sahai has an average literacy rate of 61%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 65%, and female literacy is 57%. In Guru Har Sahai, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age. Administration The city is represented by MLA Rana Gurmeet Singh Sodhi (Congress party, UPA), who belongs to family of gurus. District :- Ferozepur Tehseel :- Jalalabad History This place was a waste tract between the territories occupied by the Barars and Dogars, who were constantly quarrelling over its possession. About two centuries ago, one day Jiwan Mal came and pitched his tent upon this waste. He belonged to a Sodhi family, 7th in descent from the celebrated Guru Ram Das. He had been driven from his home at Mohammadpur, near Chunian, in the Lahore District (now in Pakistan), by the Kardar who represented Ahmed Shah s Government. No doubt, he had made himself obnoxious by showing fanaticism towards the religion. The Dogars Chief, Sultan, gave him protection and encouragement to remain in the place, believing that his presence would in a measure stop the incursions of the Barars and put an end to the disputes between the tribes. The Brars also favored him, knowing him to be a priest of their own religion. Therefore, he was,

permitted to establish a number of villages in the plain, and he fixed his boundaries by marking down the tracks of his horses hooves as he made a long circuit one morning along the boundary of the land he fancied. He named the area of Guru Har Sahai after his eldest son, who eventually took his father s place as the head of the Family. Jiwan Mal appears to have made friends later on with Ahmed Shah, because he was allowed to hold his land free of lgaan, and the grant was renewed by Ranjit Singh when the Mohammedans authority disappeared from this part of the Punjab. The religious influence of the family was very great throughout the region of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, and many of the Sodhis of Guru Har Sahai were employed at the court of Lahore and they accompanied the army on expeditions along the frontier, when it was necessary to keep up the enthusiasm of the men at a high pitch. While making these journeys, they seized the opportunity of bringing the followers under their own religious banner from among the scattered Hindu family of the western Punjab and up to the historic Partition of the country in 1947, continued to be revered by a large numbers of the Sikhs, not only in their immediate neighborhood but also in Rawalpindi, Peshawar, Kohat and the Derajat. On the death of Guru Gulab Singh in 1869, only two-thirds of the Jagir was continued to his successor, Fateh Singh on a life-tenure. It was unfortunate that he became involved in quarrels with his own son, and in his time, much of the old influence of the family melted away. Ha was. Moreover, on bad terms with Bishan Singh, his eldest son and to despise him, made a gift of his property and Guruship to his younger son, Kabul Singh. A Lawsuit followed and that Guru Bishan Singh was successful, but the expenses of litigation seriously crippled the property. On the death of Fateh Singh in 1879, the Jagir was temporarily resumed, and it was re-granted to Guru Bishan Singh in 1885 under a samad from the supreme government. Both Guru Gulab Singh and Guru Fateh Singh exercised magisterial powers within the limits of their jagirs but these privileges were not continued to Guru Bishan Singh, who in 1896 was declared, at his own request, unfit to manage his estates, which were placed under the court of Wards. The expenses incurred by the Guru in his case against his brother, Kabul Singh amounted to about one lakh of rupees, and these and other debts were later cleared off and many improvements were effected, so that in 1909, the income from the estate was over Rs 50,000 a year. The family then owned nearly 25,000 acres (100 km2) in nine villages in the Muktsar Tahsil. The guru was a Provincial Darbari. He died in 1910 and was succeeded by his elder son, Jaswant Singh. He had given away to his brother Autar Singh half of the property; expect the Abadi land for his lifetime and the two brothers jointly bestowed a village upon Hira Singh, the son of their sister in perpetuity. As head of the family, Guru Jaswant Singh continued to be guardian of the sacred book and of the rosary which originally belonged to Guru Nanak Dev. These objects are held in high reverence by the people who traveled long distances for the privilege of seeing them. One Pothi was lost in 1970 when Guru Jaswant Singh was traveling from Delhi to Firozpur by

train. Guru Jaswant Singh died on 18 March 1971 and was succeeded by his eldest son Guru Atamjit Singh who died in 1979. He was succeeded by his eldest son Guru Haresh Singh. Guru Haresh Singh abdicated the Gaddi in favor of his eldest and only son Guru Yuvraj Singh Sodhi, who was born on 25 May 1994. Guru Yuvraj Singh is 17th in direct descendent from Guru Ram Das the 4th Sikh Guru and is the present Gaddi Nashin of Pothimala and head of the Guruharsahai Sodhi family.Rana Gurmit Singh Sodhi, member of the family who is presently MLA, Guruharsahai,Punjab holds promonence socialy and politicaly in the region. Attractions in the city Religious Fair A huge, attractive and crowdy fair is held in Guru Har Shai. People from distant places come and join this fair every year. This fair is also associated with Gurus of Pothimala because Guru Yuvraj Singh is 17th in Direct Descent from Guru Ram Das The 4th Sikh Guru and was born on 25 May 1994 and Ascended The GADDI on 1 April 1995 at the age of ten months & five days only, as his father Guru Haresh Singh Abdicated The GADDI during his lifetime. Now Guru Yuvraj Singh is the Present GADDI NASHIN of Pothimala and the head of the Guru Har Sahai Sodhi Family. The Annual Mela of Pothimala is held on the New SAMMAT day every year when worshipers from all over India and as far as from Kabul & Kandhar come to visit the shrine and give their offerings to the Guru. Guru Yuvraj Singh manages the Mela on his own even at this young age. Private Media Channel Guru Har Shai has its own group of media channels by the name of Pothimala Halchal media network. This is a private media channel and is running successfully in sounding area with great popularity. Education Schools 1. Govt. Boys school (Senior Secondary) 2. Govt. Girls school (Senior Secondary) 3. GOVT.primary school 4. R.K.G. DAV Senior Secondary Public School 5. Guru Teg Bahadur Public Senior Secondary School 6. Guru Gobind Singh Public Senior Secondary School 7. JKS Public School 8. Govt. high School Kohar Singh Wala Nr GHS Head Master :- S. jagdev Singh Clerk :- Vinesh Galhotra Comp. Tr. :- Sonia Jalalabad

Jalalabad, (Punjabi:

, Hindi:

, Urdu: Jallbd) is a city

and a municipal council in Firozpur district in the Indian state of Punjab. Contents:Geography/Educational Institutions/Judicial System/Palace/Religious Places/Public Parks Geography Jalalabad is located at 3037N 7415E / 30.62N 74.25E / 30.62; 74.25. It has an average elevation of 176 metres (577 feet). Judicial System: Jalalabad has a very good/matchless judicial complex In judicial system to impart justice there are two judges and about 100 advocates. Davinder Singh Khurana,Advocate/writer/thinker/promoter is practising in this small town. He is practicing in a small town because of his mission. Educational Institutions * Guru ram das b.ed collage * shivalik .sec .scn.school * L.I.D.G D.A.V Senior Secondary Public School ( where rohit took study upto Inter Mediate) * Sacred Heart Convent School * Mata Gujri Public School Chak Suhele Wala * Jiwan jyoti polytechnic collage ff road jalalabad west * Batra Institute of Computer Tech. Jalalabad (west) Ph.9781992661 * BRAR FILLING STATION F F ROAD " M/s M.G.cement pipe industries,gumani wala road jalalabad west Judicial System The judicial complex of Jalalabad is matchless. To impart justice there are two Judges and 100 advocates. Advocate Davinder Singh Khurana thinker/writer/activist/philosopher is among 100 advocates who practice here. The secret mission of Davinder Khurana compelled him to practice at this small town. Palace dreamz palace golden dragon restrobar evergreen restro bar Chaska Restaurant Baba Bachan das Galli (ward 13) Mangal Tikki Wala (MTW) : Shree Ram bricks and pipe industry, chota tiwana road jalalabad Religious Places * Singh sahib gurudwara * Devi Dwara Mandir * Hanuman Mandir

* Shani Dev Mandir * Krishna Mandir * Kalka Mandir * The Art Of Living "GYAN MANDIR" * Smadh Peer Baba Khaki Shah ji Public Parks * Shaheed Udham Singh Park Jalalabad is just represent punjab rich culture and friendly and loveable nature of people.Moreever its progressive area now a days MLA of JBD(Nick name of Jalalabad) is Mr.Sukhbeer Singh Badal and also there is Information Technology Center in GGS D.A.V College where students have thier own freedom to meet technology world wide.(Navpreet Madaan) Makhu Makhu is a town and a nagar panchayat in Firozpur district in the Indian state of Punjab. Geography Makhu has an average elevation of 201 metres (659 feet). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Makhu had a population of 12,173. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Makhu has an average literacy rate of 61%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 65%, and female literacy is 56%. In Makhu, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age. Sidhu Sikhs dominate the are consisting 90% of the population. Talwandi Bhai Talwandi Bhai is a city and a municipal council in Firozpur district in the Indian state of Punjab. Zira Zira is a city and a municipal council in Firozepur district in the Indian state of Punjab. Contents:- History/Zira Bomb Case, 1930/Population/Zira After 61 years of Independence/Economy/Tourism History The neighbourhood of Zira (the headquarters of the tehsil of the same name), in which there are many deserted sites, had been for many years a waste, when in 1508 Sayad Ahmad Shah came from Gugera and founded Zira Khas. He was driven out by Sher Shah Suri, during whose rule nearly all the villages of this ilawa were located. Mohar Singh was, in turn driven out by Diwan Mohkam Chand, Ranjit Singhs General, and the ilaqa was added to the Lahore Demense. It was afterwards divided into two portions, of which the eastern portion, which preserved the name, Zira, was made over to Sarbuland Khan, a servant of the Lahore Government, and the western portion, to which the name, ilaqa Ambarhar, was given was made an appanage of Kanwar Sher Singh, son of the Punjab

sovereign. At a later date, Sher Singh obtained the possession of the whole ilaqa and abolished the subdivision of Ambarhar.[1] www.ziracity.99k.org It is unclear when, exactly, the municipality was founded - one source indicates The Municipality Committee, Zira, was constituted in 1876[2] while another says 1867.[3] Zira was one of the two tehsils of Punjab, (the other one being Firozpur), that was part of a controversy during the partition of India. Sir Cyril Radcliffe created the boundary between India and Pakistan just days before the partition. A draft of the Award was supposedly sent to Evan Jenkins, the provincial governor of Punjab by George Abell, Lord Mountbatten of Burma's private secretary, with a preliminary description of the Punjab boundary. This draft showed the Ferozepur and Zira tehsils being allotted to Pakistan. During partition Zira city had a Muslim majority by 51% Sikhs making up 35% and Hindus 14%. When violence erupted in most Firzopur Zira area was very quiet because most of the residents treated each other like brothers. Many Sikh residents were really close to there Muslim friends and did not want them to leave, but due to so much problems in the Firzopur area they had no choice to leave.[4] The final version of the boundary however awarded the areas to India. This led Mohammed Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan, to proclaim that the Award of the Boundary Commission was unjust, incomprehensible and perverse. He, however, agreed to abide by it.[5] The dispute was settled in 1960 as part of an agreement between the governments of India and Pakistan.[6] In 1947, at the time of partition, almost all the Muslim community who were living in "Zira" migrated to Pakistan. They settled in "Khanewal" district of Western Punjab. They engaged in farming, business and government services. Most of them named themselves as "Zeervi" (which is a sign of love to their "dharti maa"). These people always praised the good behaviour of Sikhs and Hindus at the time of partition. They remember sweet memories of Zira with tears. It reflects that how a calm and prosperous town was that prior to partition where the people lived with harmony. <ref. Muhammad Din Chaudhary, Gree Town, Khanewal, Pakistan> Zira Bomb Case, 1930 The high-handedness of the British rulers in suppressing the rising tide of the freedom movement in the country with the worst type of governmental barbarity produced its reaction in the growth and spread of revolutionary activity to avenge the wrongs done to the people. Ono such incident in the Firozpur District was the Zira Bomb Case of October 1930.[7][8] The Zira Bar Association was formed in the same year.[9] Population As of 2001[update] India census,[10] Zira had a population of 31,350. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Zira has an average literacy rate of 63%, higher than the

national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 66%, and female literacy is 59%. In Zira, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age. Zira's population was 2,702 in 1853.[11] Zira After 61 years of Independence This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2010) Zira has not witnessed a revolution of development after 61 years of independence and before Independence it used to be one of the biggest trade hubs of Punjab. It used to be known that " Lahore toh baad Malwey di Zira Mandi Aaundi hain". But after independence this was forgotten in history. There has been no serious leader elected from Zira prior to 2007 so that he can take up the issues concerning his constituency. Every time there has been a trend of vendetta politics in this constituency and this proves how much illiteracy is relevant in this constituency. The government college set up here is about 5 km from the city and it offers just B.A courses in the world of modern science and technology. The students have to always travel a distance of about 30 40 km to go to a nearest college at moga or ferozepur. The roads are always in bad shape after 812 months they have been built. Basic amenities lack in some areas of the town like Drinking water, Sewerage supply line, Green Belt, cleanliness of streets. There has always been a demand as Zira is more close to Moga it should be joined with Moga District but the present Badal Government attached it to Khadoor Sahib which is about 60 km from the town. This has led to a lot of agitation among the people and leaders from the government always try to console them saying it's a better deal but people don't know the after effects. Zira has a community park called Moti Bagh but it is in bad shape because it has never been allocated with funds to improve it. Many clubs like Rotary Club, Sahara Clubs are giving a helping hand to people in addressing their needs but they are not govt sponsored. They are no major industries set up by government in this area and it is rated in the top 20 backward areas of the Punjab and this has led to not generating employment among youth. This has led to many youths of the area getting into trouble by cheat travel agents who pretend that they can send them abroad but just take away all the money they have. Unemployment is a major issue in this town. In the commerce sector there are just about 8 banks and 3 Atm and this area has about 270 villages adjoining it and the needs can't be addressed by these banks but still there are no steps taken to boost the economy by encouraging private sector banks and industry to roll in. The major issue of this area is that it receives much more electricity cuts than the rest of Punjab taking an example during the summer months MayAugust the electricity cuts totaled to about 810 hours a day and even the farmers were not provided with adequate electricity. This town can be recognized that is something called "Harmony" between the communities. But still people have love in their hearts for their homes where they have families and friends living and hope someday Zira is recognized all over the world.

Economy * The Jain Upasru Trust, Zira was founded in 1933. * Punjab co-op Society Sugar Mill * There are 40 Rice mills in the area and about 1200 commission agents serving the vast network of about 280 villages in the area * There is one distillery situated near mansoorwal village on the side of zira talwandi road. It is the private owned alchohl mill of malhotra brothers of faridkot. Tourism An ancient Jain Swetambara temple with ancient icons and wall paintings is located in Zira. The idols there are claimed to be more than 1200 years old. In 1896, A.D Vijayanand Surishwar ji Maharaj, who was also a scholar poet and social reformer of his time, performed the holy 'partishthan' ceremony at this temple. It is said that the temple is named after the 23rd Tirthankra Shri Parsavnathji Maharaj. The main idol is believed to be one of most sacred and ancient idols found anywhere. This temple underwent a total renovation process in 2006 and was reopened by huge anniversary ceremony in 108 th year of its existence by the holy Jain saint Shri Nityanand surishwar ji Maharaj and was attended by a large number of people related with Zira from all sects. This place is symbol secularism of this great town Zira. About 5 km from Zira on the NH-15 is the village of Lehra rohi Gillan. It is a birth place of the Jain Saint Shri Atmanand Surishwar ji Maharaj popularly known as Vijayanand ji Maharaj. He was the first saint for Murtipujak sect in the swetambar Jain. Interestingly, all the Jain preceptors and Acharyas (teachers) were recluses and did not have a family or maintain a place of their own. To the native villagers here, it feels like any Temple or Gurudwara for worshipping everyday. he visits made by people from all backgrounds and faiths, makes it a place where devotees learn the first lesson of communal harmony every morning. This place is planned to be constructed as a big tirath sthal for the jains. Fatehgarh Sahib district Fatehgarh Sahib district (Punjabi: , Hindi: ) is one of

the twenty districts in the state of Punjab in North-West India, with its headquarters in the city of Fatehgarh Sahib. District of Fatehgarh Sahib came into existence on 13 April 1992, Baisakhi Day, deriving its name 'Fatehgarh Sahib' from Sahibzada Fateh Singh, the youngest son of 10th Guru Gobind Singh, who were bricked alive by the orders of Suba Sirhind, Wazir Khan in 1705 [1], and the place is now the site a famous 'Gurudwara Fatehgarh Sahib'.[2] Contents * 1 Important cities and towns * 2 Professional colleges * 3 References

* 4 External links Important cities and towns * Mandi Gobindgarh * Sirhind-Fategarh * Bassi Pathana * Nogawan * Amloh * Khamanon * Mehmadpur * Khera * Bahadurgarh * brass * chunni majra * Khera-Hansali Sahib Professional colleges * Baba Banda Singh Bahadur Engineering College * Baba Banda Singh Bahadur Polytechnic College Sirhind-Fategarh Sirhind-Fatehgarh is a city and a municipal council in Fatehgarh Sahib district in the Indian state of Punjab. It is often simply called Sirhind[1]. This is the city where Guru Gobind Singh's 9 and 7 year old little sons Sahibzada Fateh Singh and Sahibzada Zorawar Singh were buried alive by constructing a brick wall around them by the Mughal rulers of that time. Contents * 1 Demographics * 2 Etymology * 3 History * 4 Further reading * 5 See also * 6 References * 7 External links Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Sirhind-Fategarh had a population of 50,788. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Sirhind-Fatehgarh has an average literacy rate of 71%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 74%, and female literacy is 67%. In Sirhind-Fatehgarh, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age. Etymology According to popular notion, the present name of the city, Sirhind, comes from Sar -i hind, meaning the Frontier of Hind, as Mughal invaders saw it as the gateway to

Hindustan.*3+*4+ Though, a 5th century AD tribe 'Sairindhas Aryans, which inhabited this area, might have also lead to its present name [5] History Main article: History of Sirhind Sirhind has been known as a small township from the beginning of the Christian era. Varahamihira (505 587) in his Sanskrit treatise, Brihat Samhita, mentions the city as 'Satudar Desh', later it was inhabited by a tribe of 'Sairindhas Aryans, leading to its present name [5]. According to Huan Tsang, the Chinese traveller who visited India during the seventh century, Sirhind was the capital of the district of Shitotulo, or Shatadru (the present day River Sutlej) [6]. Entrance to the Ramgarh Fort near Sirhind In 1012, it became the capital of the 'Hindushahi' dynasty and remained so till the end of the 12th century, when it was taken over by the Chauhans [7]. Later during the rule of Prithvi Raj Chauhan (11681192), the last Rajput ruler of Delhi, it became his military outpost. It further rose in glory during the Mughal Empire, when it became its provincial capital, controlling the Lahore-Delhi Highway, the Grand Trunk Road. During the Mughal era, Sirhind was the name for Malwa, since it was the area's capital city. Sirhind was the headquarters or the Mughal administration in Eastern Punjab. Many European travellers describe its splendours, and it also developed into a center of cultural activity[8]. Ruins of Daulat Khana-E-Khas at Aam Khas Bagh', built by most probably, Sultan hafiz Rakhna, during the reign of emperor Akbar Sirhind was known for the dozens of saints, scholars, poets, historians, calligraphers and scribes who lived there. A large number of buildings survive from this period, including the fort named 'Aam Khas Bagh'; it is said that in its heyday, the city had 360 mosques, gardens, tombs, caravansarais and wells. It has also been home to 16th century saint of the Naqshbandi order, Ahmad Sirhindi (~1564-1624), whose mausoleum, the Rauza Sharif is situated in Sirhind [3]. Consequently, this small Indian city is also famous in the territories of the former Ottoman Empire, particularly in Turkey, as Serhend. Beginning with the first decade of the eighteenth century, with the Mughal hegemony on the wane, Sirhind was plundered repeatedly by the Sikhs, Marathas and Afghans. An important event in the history of the city, was the live entombment of the two sons of the tenth Guru of the Sikhs, Sri Guru Gobind Singh on 12 December 1705, by the Governor of Sirhind, Wazir Khan [9], the place is the today commemorated by Gurdwara Fatehgarh Sahib, 5 km. north of the Sirhind.[10] This action further soured relations between the Sikhs and the Mughal and the city faced many attacks. Finally it was completely destroyed in February 1761 in an [11] attack by the Sikhs, led by Jassa Singh Ahluwalia, who had already captured Lahore in 1758 [12], and now extended his

territory to Taran Taran. The conquest of Sirhind followed the defeat of the Mughal governor in a pitched battle, mosques were destroyed, a massacre of the population occurred and even the bodies of the dead were dug up.[13] Further reading * Subhash Parihar, History and Architectural Remains of Sirhind, 2006, Aryan Books International. ISBN 8173053111. Subhash Parihar, "Medieval Sirhind and its Monuments", Marg (Mumbai), vol. 55, no. 4, June 2004, pp. 4257. Subhash Parihar,Historic Mosques of Sirhind. Islamic Studies, 43(3)(2004): 481-510. Subhash Parihar,"Arabic and Persian Inscriptions from Sirhind". Islamic Studies, 38(2)(1999): 255-74. Amloh Amloh is a town and a municipal council in Fatehgarh Sahib district in the state of Punjab, India. Amloh town was originally founded by Faiz Baksh, the Governor of Sirhind. After the fall of Sirhind in 1763, Amloh was annexed by Raja Hamir Singh, the ruler of Nabha State. It was developed by the erstwhile ruler of Nabha State. The fort in the town was got constructed by Raja Hira Singh of Nabha. It was given the status of Nizamat (District) Headquarters. After the creation of District Fatehgarh Sahib in 1992, Amloh was given the status of Sub Divisional headquarters. Some part of the old building of the fort is now occupied by government offices. However, the major portion of the fort is in a dilapidated condition. Amloh town is also a Block as well as Tehsil Headquarter. This block consists of 100 (Revenue Estates) villages. The total area of the block is 26,893 hectares. Paddy and wheat are the main crops of the block. A sugar mill viz. Nahar Sugar & Allied Industries Ltd. has started functioning at village Khumna near Amloh on Khanna - Amloh road, due to which the cropping pattern of the block has changed. The block has adequate irrigation facilities. All the villages of the block have been allotted among 13 branches of commercial banks under Service Area Approach. Besides, 11 branches of commercial banks are functioning at Mandi Gobindgarh. The block has 5 branches of Fatehgarh Sahib Central Coop. Bank Ltd. and 1 branch of Primary Agricultural Land Development Bank at Amloh. There are 43 rice shellers in the town. Geography Amloh is located at 3037N 7614E / 30.61N 76.23E / 30.61; 76.23.[1] It has an average elevation of 259 metres (849 feet). Computer World,Share Market, Education, health and other facilities == Agriculture Companies. 1.Gobind Agriculture Works. Computer Zone 1.Sai Computers 2.Cal-C Computer Education

Education 1. Amloh Public School, Amloh 2. St. Farid Public School, Amloh Commodity Market 1.Bhadson Commodity(Ph 9463737827) Medical Aid 1.Sukhvir Medical Hall 2. Shukla hospital 3. J.P. Nursing Home 4. Preet Nursing Home 5. Civil Hospital 6. Goyal Clinic Chemists 1. Ashoka Medical Hall 2. Verma Medical Store 3. Bhambri Medical Store Furniture Showrooms1. Mangewal Furniture N TENT HOUSE 1.PURI TENT CATERS AMLOH NEAR BUGGA BUS STAND ==Demographics== Amloh have the judicial court complex middle in the city & so many peoples are selected in officer line so many people are qualified and entered the bright future Also have everything is available in Amloh constituency Bassi Pathana Bassi Pathana is a historical city and a municipal council in Fatehgarh Sahib district in the state of Punjab, India. Contents * 1 Demographics * 2 History o 2.1 Industry * 3 References Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Bassi Pathana had a population of 18,547. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Bassi Pathana has an average literacy rate of 77%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 54% of the males and 46% of females literate. 10% of the population is under 6 years of age. History According to legend, Bassi Pathana was founded in 1540. As the name suggests, it was a city of Muslim Pathans. Bassi Pathana was visited by 9th Sikh master Guru Teg Bahadur Ji and 10th Sikh Master Guru Gobind Singh Ji. There are two Gurdwaras in the city in their

memory. A Temple of Sh. Namdev ji is also situated in this city. This historic city has one temple named as Brahmghat, where a sage called Rishi Ajgawanand is said to have meditated here for years. During one of those meditaion sessions he accidentally put his leg in the Agni (Fire) which is traditionally lit while meditating. He was so involved in meditation that he did not realize that he had lost his leg in the fire. When his disciples saw that he had lost his leg, they made a leg of wood and brass. He was so delighted with this gesture that he blessed this city and said that no misfortune can ever strike this city. If a misfortune is sensed then this leg (after his death) should be moved through each house and misfortune will go away. Industry Bassi Pathana is known for manufacturing of industrial sewing machine parts. India's first sewing machine was manufactured in this historical city in pre-independence area. This factory was established by Pt. Ramji Dass Dhiman in 1925. This factory is situated on Sirhind Road opposite to Block Development Panchayat Office. The famous brand of this factory is "Eye Brand". Some of industrial houses like M.P.(Manshah Singh And Prem Singh) in M.P. colony etc. are still manufacturing a wide range of industrial sewing machine parts that are being traded in the whole country. A lot of people have shifted their business to other nearby towns like Sirhind and Morinda. The most popular Light sewing Machine Company. Since 1983, the company named M.P. sewing Machine Company And New Titus mechanical Works has been synonymous producing the sewing machine parts. But now in 2011 Bassi pathanan peoples are moving to more developed areas because there is now no such Scope left. No such development is there in many years. Nearby cities & Towns are developed but not This city. Educated peoples are leaving the Town for better Future to Big cities like Chandigarh, patiala & More places. Government is Requested to look into Issue as there is no Big Industry in Town. Business class peoples are also leaving this Place as no scope for Expand their Business Here. Local Politicians are requested to raise this issue to Senior Politicians for better future of Town. Mandi Gobindgarh Mandi Gobindgarh is a city and a municipal council in Fatehgarh Sahib district in the Indian state of Punjab. It is also sometimes referred to as Steel City (or simply Loha Mandi ("Iron Market") because of a large number of steel mills and factories. Contents * 1 History * 2 Demographics * 3 Education and health services * 4 Local facilities History When Guru Har Gobind visited this area along with his army, he had a tough fight with Lala Beg, the army chief of Phul Maharaj the ruler of this region. Lala was killed in the village of

Saunti near Amloh. Soldiers killed during the war were brought to Gurdwara 6th patshahi and cremated. Legends say[citation needed] that during the war, the use of metal was required for horseshoe repair and for other needs. The soldiers couldn't locate any metal in and around the city; then Guru Har Gobind blessed this city to be the city of iron. Since then the iron (metal) business has flourished in this region.[citation needed] This was originally a walled town with four gates. One was near Modi Mills, another was near Munilal Om Prakash, the third near the present main post office and the fourth near Krishna Mandir. All these gates used to be closed by sunset till 1950. After 1950, the gates were demolished one by one. The first industry started here was cotton ginning. It was also famous for its gram trade, as the Maharaja[who?] had declared it as the free trade zone in the region. Utensils like enamel-plated plates and mugs were also manufactured in Gobindgarh. The first school was a co-educational primary school situated at the present municipal market. It was a part of SNAS Higher Secondary School. The building was pulled down in 1965-66. Modern amenities like telephones, electricity and water supplies made their first appearance in Gobindgarh during 1955-57. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Gobindgarh had a population of 55,416. Males constitute 56% of the population and females 44%. Gobindgarh has an average literacy rate of 69%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 72%, and female literacy is 67%. In Gobindgarh, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age. Education and health services Mandi Gobindgarh has many educational institutes, * Gobindgarh Public School * Gobindgarh Public College * Punjab Institute of Management & Technology(P.I.M.T) * Gobindgarh College of Education * S.G.H.G.School. * Regional Institute of Management and Technology (R.I.M.T.) * SNAS Higher Secondary School * St. Farid Public School * Om Prakash Bansal Modern School * Manas Public School * Sacred Heart Senior Secondary School * Shaheed Bhagat Singh Senior Secondary School * City College Of Accounts. There are various hospitals and other modern facilities available in the city: * Kanta Nursing Home

* Bajaj Nursing Home * Gurpreet Nursing Home * Civil Hospital * Prabhatpuri Charitable Hospital * Arashdeep Singh Sidhu (Technical Support)9478585003(M) * Gobindgarh Dental Hospital * Poonam General Hospital * Shree Krishna Homoepathic charitable dispensary * Better Vision,Vision care and optical centre Local facilities There are many public parks in Mandi Gobindgarh viz. Rose Garden, Green Park and most famous Ladies' Park exclusively for women. Most of the banks are present in Mandi Gobindgarh. Khamanon Khamanon ( : ) is a town and a nagar panchayat in Fatehgarh Sahib district in the Indian state of Punjab. Geography Khamanon is located at 3049N 7621E / 30.82N 76.35E / 30.82; 76.35.[1] It has an average elevation of 254 metres (833 feet). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Khamanon had a population of 8876. Males constitute 55% of the population and females 45% Faridkot district Faridkot district is one of the twenty districts in the state of Punjab in North-West India. According to Punjab's Geo-Area, Faridkot is a Malwa District. It is one of the biggest cotton markets in South-East Asia. The name 'Faridkot' is derived from Baba Farid, a god-lover who wanted see the God. Faridkot was feudlist province under British rule, but now it is a district in Punjab in independent India. Few part of District Moga & Mukatsar were also taken from Faridkot. Government body Prior to independence large part of the district was under the princely rule of Maharaja Faridkot and later it became part of the Patiala & East Punjab States Union (PEPSU ) in 1948. Faridkot was carved out as a separate district on 7 August 1972 out of the areas of Bathinda District (Faridkot Tehsil) and Ferozepur District (Moga and Muktsar Tehsils). However in November 1995, the Faridkot District was trifurcated when two of its sub divisions viz Muktsar and Moga were given the status of independent districts. Faridkot district is surrounded by district Ferozepur in the North-West, Muktsar in the South-West, Bathinda in the South and Moga in the West. The District covers an area of

1469 km2. which is 2.92% of the total area of the State and accommodates a population of 552,466, which is 2.27% of the total population of the State. It has two Sub divisions/ Tehsils namely Faridkot and Jaito and two Sub Tehsils namely Kotkapura and Sadiq comprising a total of 171 villages. Faridkot District has two development blocks namely Faridkot and Kotkapura. Overview The Faridkot district contains a number of small towns. More than 7 villages are quite notable in Faridkot area. Faridkot is a hub for premier educational institutions. North India's only Medical University, also named after Baba Farid is in Faridkot besides Medical, Engineering and Dental Colleges. Faridkot majority population is dominated by Jatts. Faridkot (Punjabi: ; Hindi: ) is a small city and a municipal council in

Faridkot district in the state of Punjab, India.It's a division with headquarter at Faridkot consists of three Districts Faridkot, Bathinda and Mansa. There are 8 Sub Divisions, 8 Tehsils and 9 Sub-Tehsils within these Districts.Total area of the District is 1475.70 Sq. K.M. Prior to independence large part of the district was under the princely rule of Maharaja Faridkot and later it became part of the Patiala & East Punjab States Union (PEPSU ) in 1948. Faridkot was carved out as a separate district on 7th August 1972 out of the areas of Bathinda District (Faridkot Tehsil) and Ferozepur District (Moga and Muktsar Tehsils). However in November 1995, the Faridkot District was trifurcated when two of its sub divisions viz Muktsar and Moga were given the status of independent districts. Contents * 1 Etymology * 2 History * 3 Geography * 4 Climate * 5 Demographics * 6 Education * 7 Transport * 8 Sports * 9 Tourism Etymology It has been named after the great Sufi Saint Baba Sheik Fariduddin Ganjshakar, whose verses are mentioned in Guru Granth Sahib the holy book of Sikh religion.In 13th century,this town was founded by Raja Mokalsi, the grandson of Rai Munj, a Bhatti Chief of Rajasthan and named Mokalhar after his name. A famous Sufi Saint Hazrat Baba Sheikh Farid happened to pass through this town during the same time. Baba Farid was captured by the soldiers of Raja Mokalsi and put to bonded labour for the ongoing construction work of the fort at Faridkot. The basket full of earth while being carried by Baba Farid was seen

floating over his head. On seeing this miracle, Raja touched the feet of Baba Farid and begged pardon. Baba Farid pardoned the Raja and meditated at a place near the fort, where he penanced for forty days. From that day the name of Mokalhar was changed to Faridkot.The place, where he stayed, is still called, Tilla Baba Farid, and Baba Sheikh Farid Aagman Purb Mela is celebrated each year in the month of September, commemorating his arrival in the city [1][1] The main crops of the city are wheat, paddy and cotton. Industries of the town include cotton handling, from ginning to baling, as well as manufacture of machine tools, sewing machines. History Main article: Faridkot State The history of the Faridkot District pertaining to the ancient period has been traced to the Indus Valley Civilization. A few sites explored in the Moga Tehsil(Now a separate District) link it with Indus Valley Civilization sites explored in the Rupnagar District. A vast area, including the present area of Faridkot District was under the influence of Indus Valley Civilization. [2][3]. Princely flag of Faridkot The ruling dynasty of Faridkot State claimed descent from Rawal Jaisal, who founded Jaisalmer in Rajasthan in 1156. The town was founded in the 16th century by his descendant Bhallan of the Burai Jats.The ancestor of the Faridkot principality, Bhallan was an ardent follower of 6th Sikh Guru Har Gobind. He helped the Guru Har Gobind ji in the battle of Mehraj. He died issueless in 1643. Kapura, who was a nephew of Bhallan, succeeded him. Kapura founded the town of Kotkapura in 1661. Nawab Kapura was the Chaudhry of eighty-four villages. He was a Sikh but did not want to earn the ire of the Mughals and help Guru Gobind Singh Ji and fight with Mughals. The famous last battle of Muktsar (Khidrane Di Dhaab) now a historic town, happened after Nawab Kapura declined Guru Gobind Singh's request to use his fort to fight Mughal Army. Otherwise the last war between Mughals and Guru Gobind Singh Ji was destined to happen at Kotkapura. Guru ji moved from Kotkapura to Dhilwan Kalan from there to Talwandi sabo via Guru ki Dhab. However, later in the battle of Muktsar in 1705, Nawab Kapuray, helped Guru Gobind Singh Ji in an underhand manner. Kapura was slain by Isa Khan Manj in 1708. He had three sons named Sukhia, Sema and Mukhia. Mukhia killed Isa Khan and took control of the entire area. Sema was also killed in this battle in 1710. Kapuras elder son Sukhia again came into power in 1720. Faridkot State Stamp A dispute between grandsons of Kapura (sons of Sukhia) led to the division of the state in 1763. The older brother, Sardar Jodh Singh Brar, retained control of Kotkapura, and his younger brother, Sardar Hamir Singh Brar, was given Faridkot.

The state was captured in 1803 by Ranjit Singh, but was one of the Cis-Sutlej states that came under British influence after the 1809 Treaty of Amritsar. During the Sikh wars in 1845, Raja Pahar Singh aided the British, and was rewarded with an increase of territory. The state had an area of and its 642 square miles (1,660 km2), and a population of 124,912 in 1901. It was bounded on the west and northeast by the British district of Ferozepore, and on the south by the state of Nabha. The last Ruler of Faridkot was Lt. HH Farzand-i-sadaat Nishan Hazrat-i-kaisar-i-hind Raja Sir Harindar Singh Brar Bans Bahadur. Before partition there was majority Muslim population in Faridkot. There are many mosques in Faridkot which are taken care of by Sikh villagers. Faridkot has played a leading role in the politics of the state of Punjab with a number of chief ministers and even a president hailing from the area. Although the separation of Moga and Muktsar left this district considerably smaller, the area remains an important political arena. Geography Faridkot is located at 3024N 7427E / 30.40N 74.45E / 30.40; 74.45[4]. It has an average elevation of 196 metres (643 ft).It lies in south west of the state and is surrounded by Ferozepur District in the north west, Moga and Ludhiana Districts in the north east and districts of Bathinda and Sangrur in the south.It has two Sub divisions/ Tehsils namely Faridkot and Jaito and two Sub Tehsils namely Kotkapura and Sadiq comprising a total of 171 villages. Faridkot District has two development blocks namely Faridkot and Kotkapura. The topography of the district is plain, with only 1.4% of its area under forest cover. There are no rivers or natural drains flowing through the district. There is, however, a vast network of canals flowing through the district. Sirhind Canal system has been taking care of the irrigation and drinking water needs of the District since a long time. Climate It is located on the Punjab Plain which in a macro regional context forms a part of great Satluj Ganga plain. It is a low lying flat area. The surface of the district is depositional plain which was formed by alleviation by the rivers in the remote past. No river is flowing through the district, butthere are some drains which flow during heavy rains and serve as natural drainage. There is a vastnetwork of canals i.e.Bikaner, Sirhind feeder and Rajasthan Canal passes through district Faridkot.Sirhind feeder, Rajasthan Canal and Abohar Branch of Sirhind canal run through the entire length ofdistrict in north-south and northeastsouthwest directions respectively. Sirhind Canal system hasbeen serving the district for irrigation since long times.The climate of the Faridkot District is mainly dry, characterized by a very hot summer, a short rainy season and a bracing winter. The year may be divided into four seasons. The cold season is from November to March. This is followed by the summer season which lasts up to about the end of June. The period from July to the middle of September constitutes the southwest monsoon season. The later half of September and October is the post-monsoon or transition period. There is no meteorological observatory

in the district. The Temperatures increase ra.pidly beginning with the end of March till June, which is generally the hottest month, with the mean daily minimum temperature about 41 degree celtius and the mean daily minimum about 26.5 degree celtius. It is intensely hot during the summer, and the dustladen winds which blow, especially in the sandy parts, are very trying. The maximum temperature may go beyond 47 degree celtius on individual days. With the onset of the monsoon by about the end of June or early July, there is an appreciable drop in the day temperature. However, during breaks in the monsoon during latter part of July and in August the weather becomes oppressive due to increase in day temperatures. By about the second week of September, when the monsoon withdraws from the district, both day and night temperatures begin to decrease. The fall in the night temperatures even in October is much more than that in the day temperatures. After October both the day and night temperatures decrease rapidly till January which is the coldest month. The mean daily maximum temperatures in January is about 20 degree celtius and the mean daily minimum about 4.5 degree celtius. In the cold season the district is affected by cold waves in the wake of passing western disturbances and the minimum temperature occasionally drops down to about a degree or two below the freezing point of water. The average annual rainfall in the district is 433 mm. about 71 percent of the annual rainfall in the district is received during the monsoon months July to September, July/August being the rainiest months. Some rainfall occurs during the pre-monsoon months, mostly in the form of thundershowers and in the cold season. Skies are moderately clouded during the monsoon season and for short spells of a day or two during cold season in association with the passing western disturbances. During the rest of the year the skies are mostly clear or lightly clouded. Winds are generally light in the district, and are northerly to northwesterly, at times southeasterly, throughout the year. But, during the summer and monsoon seasons winds from directions between north-east and south-east blow on many days. Thunderstorms and more frequently duststorms occur during the hot season. Rain during the monsoon season is also sometimes accompanied with thunder. Fog occurs occasionally in the cold season. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[5], Faridkot had a population of 5,52466. Males constitute 53% (293637) of the population and females 47% (258829). Faridkot has an average literacy rate of 63.34%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 68.92%, and female literacy is 57.09%. In Faridkot, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age. 79% of the population follows Sikhism and 21% follows Hinduism.There are also a few families of muslims living here in perfect harmony,based on the rich values of brotherhood left by sikh Gurus and baba Farid. Education * Baba Farid University of Health Sciences Telephone: +91-01639-257885, 250060, 256232, 256236, 252233, 257885, 251121.

Web: http://www.bfuhs.ac.in * Adesh Institute of Engineering & Tech., Sadiq Road. Telephone: +91-01639-240414, 240206. Web: http://www.aiet.in * Baba Farid Law College Telephone: +91-01639-251400,98140-71535. Web: http://bflcfdk.com/ * Malwa Polytechnical Institute * Govt. Brijindra College Telephone: + 91 - 01639 - 250753 Web: http://www.gbcfaridkot.org/ * Dasmesh Institute of Research & Dental Sciences. Telephone +91-01639250257,255291,253099 Web: http://www.dasmeshinstitutes.com * B.Ed. College. Telephone: +91-01639-250031 * G.G.S. Medical College. Telephone: +91-01639-250098, 251111 Transport Faridkot's nearest Airports are (1) Amritsar International Airport (125km) (2) Delhi International Airport (425km). Faridkot is well connected to cities like New Delhi, Ferozepur, Bathinda and Jaipur by Train.It is also connected by road with Chandigarh (218 km), Ludhiana (105 km),Firozepur (32 km),Muktsar (45 km) and Bathinda (65 km). Faridkot, Kot Kapura and Jaitu Towns are linked by railway stations as well as by road. Faridkot is connected to all major cities of Punjab, Haryana and Himachal Pradesh (Shimla) by Bus. Motor-cycle or Rickshaw is helpful to move within city (Main Bazar, Line Bazar and Mall Road Areas). Sports * Wrestling Faridkot is home to many international and national level wrestlers. City has olympic style facility for young wrestlers to practice. It produces some Olympian Players as well. * Swimming * Hockey Faridkot does not have any international level hockey ground but still city has produced many Olympians ,International and national level players. * Football Tourism * Gurdwara Tilla (Chilla) Baba Farid This is as old as the town-self. This place is situated near the Qilla Mubarak. Baba Farid remained at this place in meditation for 40 days before proceeding to Pakpattan. Besides place of Tilla Baba Farid. A sacred piece of wood with which Baba ji wiped his hands littered with mud has been preserved to - date. Shabad-Kirtan is recited get daily and Langer is also served every day to the people visiting this place. The poor also get daily langer, larger

number of people visit this holy place on every Thursday to pay their obeisance to the great Sufi Saint. * Gurdwara Godari Sahib This place is situated on the out skirts about 4 K.M. on Faridkot-Kotkapura road. It is believed that Baba Sheikh Farid left his godari (Jacket) there before entering Faridkot town. A beautiful gurdwara was constructed in 1982 and a Sant Sarover was later constructed at this place. Large numbers of people visit this place every Thursday and also take bath in this Sarover. * Qilla Mubarak The fort with its impressive architecture still adorns the city of Faridkot. Its foundation is believed to have been laid by Raja mokalsi, Raka Hamir Singh renovated it and got it extended. Later ruler like Raja Bikram Singh. Raja Balbir singh got constructed many new buildings. It housed the royal Place. Tosha Khana, Modi Khana & Treasury Buildings. There is a garden within the four walls of the fort. All the buildings are very well build and well furnished. It's not open to public as repair is going on. * Raj Mahal Raj Mahal (royal Palace) was built during the reign of Maharaja Bikrama Singh during 1885-1889 under supervision of the, then Crown Prince (Later Maharaja) Balbir Singh, who incidentally was the first to move in and start living in it. Spread over nearly 15 acres (61,000 m2), it presented a magnificent look with French design, dominating grassy lawns a mid semi desert area of the State. Its entrance called Raj Deori itself is a heritage building of a vintage and now houses Balbir Hospital. * Darbar Ganj This beautiful bungalow is a well laid out garden place. All the rooms are finished in the most modern style. The guests from the sisterly states used Darbar Ganj for stay. The building has now been converted into Circuit House. * Fairy Cottage This cottage is situtated 7 K.M. from Faridkot on Chahal Road. This beautiful cottage is constructed by Maharaja Brijinder Singh in 1910-11. * Check Tower This tower is made at the entrance of the Fairy cottage which is also constructed by Maharaja Brijinder Singh. * Sheikh Farid Agman Purab Sheikh Farid Agam is celebrated from 15 September to 23 September. This festival starts with Live Theater competition, Qwali competition, other art and culture programs. This is followed up by Sports events such as National level wrestling, Hockey, Volleyball and football matches. Nagar kiran is on 23rd September. More than 1,00,000 people attend this festival every year. Jaitu

Jaitu is a city and a municipal council in Faridkot district in the Indian state of Punjab. Contents * 1 Demographics * 2 Climate * 3 Economy * 4 Politics * 5 Etymology of Jaitu * 6 Health Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Jaitu had a population of 32,898. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Jaitu has an average literacy rate of 62%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 67%, and female literacy is 56%. In Jaitu, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age. Climate Summer temperatures can be as high as 45C (122F); and winter temperatures as low as 5C (41F). The weather is generally dry but will be highly humid from mid May to end of August due to farmers irrigating the fields. Rainfall is primarily from the southwest, due to the monsoon, and lasts from mid-July to mid-September. Economy Jaitu's main economy is agriculture. It is known for its mandis which is local word for market, they are famous for wheat and cotton trade. There are different processing industrial units. There are around 30 rice mills and 3 cotton factories. In jaito first industry of punjab of steel wire is established "Maa Chintpurni Steel Wire industry" at kotkapura road near ware house. Politics Jaitu is an independent constituency for state assembly. Presently it is part of Fardikot MP constituency. Paramjit Gulshan of Shiromani Akali Dal (SAD)is the MP. Etymology of Jaitu "Gangsar" Jaitu takes its name from a folk story in which Guru Gobind Singh Ji visited the town and was siting on a sand dune when he saw a saint crying. The guru asked him why he was crying and the saint replied that he was crying because he lost his bowl in the Ganges river. After hearing his misfortune, the Guru fired off an arrow which struck the ground and opened a water source. Later Gurdwaras were constructed on both the sites, on the sand dune where the Guru was sitting and where lake was opened. Health There is a Civil and Other Private Hospitals.and patanjali arogya centre which is very famous hospital in jaito Kotkapura

Kotkapura is a historic city some 50 km from Bathinda, in the state of Punjab, India. It is the largest city in the Faridkot District and has a large cotton market, considered one of the best in Asia.It takes around 5 hours by bus from Chandigarh and 2.5 hours from Ludhiana,and 7 hours from New Delhi by train to reach the city.It is a central city on route to Ganganagar,Ludhiana,Bathinda,Firozpur. Kotkapura takes its name from its founder, Nawab Kapura Singh, and the word "kot", meaning a small fort literally the "fort of Kapura". Contents * 1 Demographics * 2 History * 3 Kotkapura today Demographics As of the 2001 Indian census,[1] Kotkapura has a population of 80,741. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Kotkapura has an average literacy rate of 61%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 65%, and female literacy is 57%. In Kotkapura, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age. Alternatively, Kotkapura has a population of 128,000, not including significant floating population due to seasonal work demands in the cotton market and fields. History Bhallan, founder of the Faridkot principality, was an ardent follower Guru Har Gobind, the 6th Sikh guru. He helped Guru Har Gobind-ji in the Battle of Mehraj, but died issueless in 1643. He was succeeded by his nephew, Kapura, who founded the town of Kotkapura in 1661. Nawab Kapura was the chaudhry of eighty-four villages. Guru Gobind Singh, the 10th guru of the Sikhs, en route from Machhiwara, after staying at Dina and after short stopovers at various other places, reached Kotkapura and asked Nawab Kapura Brar for his fort to fight the pursuing Mughal army. Kapura was a Sikh, but did not want to earn the ire of the Mughals by helping Guru Gobind Singh openly in his war with them; otherwise, the famous last battle of Muktsar (Khidrane Di Dhaab; now a historic town) between Guru Gobind Singh and the Mughal army would have been fought at Kotkapura. However, Nawab refused the fort to the guru. After refusal from Kapura Brar, Guru Gobind Singh-ji reached the village of Dhilwan Kalan (at that time called Dhilwan Sodhian), where his relatives received him with great cordiality. At Dhilwan Kalan, one of the Prithi Chand's descendants, Kaul Sodhi, presented Guru Gobind Singh with new clothes. The guru took off his blue robe which he had been wearing since he left Machiwara, and tearing it piece by piece burned it in fire. The historic words that Guru Gobind Singh-ji are said to have uttered on this occasion are memorable: "I have torn the blue clothes which I wore, and with that the rule of the Turks and Pathans is at an end". Some historians think that the guru said "Turks, Pathans and Kapuras". It is believed that Guru Gobind Singh-ji stayed a couple of days at Dhilwan Kalan in the house of Sodhi

Kaul on his request. On Kaul's request, Guruji also discarded his blue dress and changed to white dress. Descendants of Kaul Sodhis family claim that the guru gave a "syeli topi" believed to be of the first guru, Nanak Dev-ji, and a "chola" (cloak), socks and turban, two daggers believed to belonging to Guru Gobind Singh-ji, which is still in their custody. Guru Gobind Singh's clothes can still be seen at Dhilwan Kalan. Nowadays, the village is approximately 2566 hectares in area, with a population of around 7000. In memory of Guru Gobind Singh-ji's visit to Dhilwan Kalan, "Gurdwara Godavari Sahib" is situated about 200 m east of the village. Guru Gobind Singh-ji bathed in the sarover and changed cloths provided by the residents of the village. He named the village sarover "Godavari Sar". Guru Gobind Singh-ji announced that dipping in this sarover, now the "Holy Sarover of Gurdwara", will bear the same pilgrimage as taking a holy dip in the Godavari River, a sacred river in central India near Nanded. The Godavari River has been held as a special place of pilgrimage for many thousands of years in central India. A dip in the holy Godavari River is considered sacred in central India, similar to taking a holy dip in the Ganges River in northern India by Hindus. Chaudhry Kapura, being repentant of his disgraceful act of not helping Guru Gobind Singh, later came to see the guru and asked for his forgiveness. The guru moved from Kotkapura to Dhilwan Kalan, and then to Talwandi Sabo via Guru ki Dhab. Later, in the battle of Muktsar in 1705, Nawab Kapura helped Guru Gobind Singh-ji in an underhand manner. In 1708, Kapura was slain by Isa Khan Manj. Kapura had three sons: Sukhia, Sema and Mukhia. Mukhia killed Isa Khan and took control of the entire area. Sema was also killed in this battle in 1710. Kapuras eldest son, Sukhia, again came into power in 1720. A dispute between the sons of Sukhia, grandsons of Kapura, led to the division of the state in 1763. The older brother, Sardar Jodh Singh Brar, retained control of Kotkapura, while his younger brother, Sardar Hamir Singh Brar, was given Faridkot, which later became known as Faridkot Ryast during the British Raj. Nawab Kapuras state was captured in 1803 by Maharaja Ranjit Singh. In 1808, Ranjit Singh captured the principality of Faridkot up to Muktsar. But Ranjit Singh vacated this area on the behest of the British. During the First Anglo-Sikh War in 1845, Pahara Singh Brar, from Kapuras ancestral background, aided the British by providing secret intelligence to the British army. Pahar Singh Brar was rewarded with more territory of Faridkot Ryast being placed under his control after the British capture of the Sikh kingdom of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Raja Harinder Singh Brar was the last king of Faridkot Ryast before the independence of India in 1947. Raja Harinder Singh Brar had four issues, a son and three daughters; his son died issueless as did his youngest daughter years later. His eldest daughter Rajkumari Bibiji Amrit Kaur Sahiba and second eldest Rajkumari Bibiji Deepinder Kaur Sahiba live with issues. There is currently a legal dispute over the Raja's assets. Kotkapura today

Despite its natural beauty, Kotkapura, like many other small towns in India, is going through "modernization" as never before. Shastri Market is one of the most populous and largest markets in the Punjab. Kotkapura is also called 'City of White Gold' due to the its cotton market. Kotkapura was the largest cotton market in the Asia. Faridkot is a little smaller than Kotkapura but due to existing infrastructure of erstwhile Fardikot Riyasat. Kotkapura is famous for its ever-closed railway crossing gate on the KotkapuraMuktsar road. However, a much-delayed flyover has saved the town from this notorious landmark. Important villages near Kotkapura are Panjgraian, Harinaon , Madhak ,Khara ,Matta , Romana Ajit Singh etc. Gurdaspur district Gurdaspur district is a district in the state of Punjab, situated in the northwest part of India. Gurdaspur is the district headquarters. It borders Narowal District of Pakistani Punjab, Kathua District of Jammu and Kashmir, the Punjab districts of Amritsar and Hoshiarpur, and Chamba and Kangra districts of Himachal Pradesh. Two main rivers Beas and Ravi passes through the district. The Mughal emperor Akbar is said to have been enthroned in a garden near Kalanaur, a historically important town in the district.[1] The current member of Parliament of Gurdaspur is Pratap Singh Bajwa . Contents * 1 History * 2 Tehsils * 3 Towns * 4 Population * 5 Notable people History During British Rule the district of Gurdaspur was a subdivision of Lahore Division, the district itself was administratively subdivided into four tehsils: Gurdaspur, Batala, Shakargarh and the disputed claimed Pathankot. According to the 1881 census the population of district was 823,695 this had risen by over 100,000 to 943,922 in the 1891 census. However the 1901 census recorded a fall in population - 940,334, this was largely due to emigration - some 44,000 settlers settling in Chenab colony. According to the 1901 census there were 463,371 Muslims (49%), 380,636 Hindus (over 40%) and 91,756 (10%) sikhs. Mirza Ghulam Ahmad who founded the Ahmadiyya movement had followers here.[2] In 1947 as part of the partition of India - Punjab was divided between Pakistan and India, Shakargarh Tehsil became part of Sialkot District which was part of the West Punjab province of Pakistan whilst the rest of the district, retaining the name Gurdaspur, became part of India's East Punjab state.[3] The division of the district was followed by a population transfer between the two nations, with Muslims leaving for Pakistan and Hindus and Sikhs arriving. Tehsils

1. Gurdaspur 2. Pathankot 3. Batala 4. Dera Baba Nanak 5. Dhar Kalan Towns * Pathankot * Dina Nagar * Batala * Gurdaspur * Kalanaur * Dera Baba Nanak * Sri Hargobindpur * Fatehgarh Churian * Qadian * Dhariwal * Mukerian Population Total population in Gurdaspur is 2104011 out of which 1113077 are males and 990934 are females. Urban population is 535223; rural population is 1568788. Literacy rate is (63.95%). Notable people Former Air Chief of India Dilbagh Singh was from Gurdaspur * Air Chief Marshal Dilbagh Singh[4], former chief of Indian Airforce * Prabhjot Singh, Indian hockey player[5][6] * Iqbal Bahu, Pakistani Sufi singer, born in Gurdaspur but migrated to Pakistan after Independence. Awardee of the Tamgha-i-Imtiaz honor by the Government of Pakistan in 2008. * Dev Anand[7], famous Indian actor * Vijay Anand * Chaudhry Niaz Ali Khan (of Jamalpur) founder of the Dar-ul-Islam Trust Institutes in Pathankot, India and Jauharabad, Pakistan, migrated to Pakistan after Independence in 1947 * Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (of Qadian), founder of the Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam * Al-Hajj Hakim Noor-ud-Din, Khalifatul Massih I of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community * Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad, Khalifatul Massih II of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community * Ghulam Ahmed Pervez, founded Tolu-e-Islam movement, migrated to Pakistan

* Sobha Singh (painter) * Teja Singh Akarpuri * Ishfaq Ahmad, born in Gurdaspur, migrated to Pakistan * Mohammadi Begum * Gurpreet Ghuggi * Jasbir Jassi, popular Bhangra singer * Manpreet Gony, cricket player Gurdaspur (Punjabi: ) is a city in the state of Punjab, situated in the northwest part of the Republic of India. It is located in the center of and is the administrative head of Gurdaspur District. It was the location of a fort (later turned into a Hindu monastery) which was famous for the siege it sustained in 1712 from the Mughals. Contents * 1 Demographics * 2 Further reading Demographics According to the 2001 India census,[1] Gurdaspur had a population of 67,455. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Gurdaspur has an average literacy rate of 78%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 80%, and female literacy is 75%. In Gurdaspur, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age. Sikhs make up about 47% of the population in Gurdaspur & Hindus are 45% and rest are Christian and others. Further reading * Chester, Lucy P. Borders and Conflict in South Asia: The Radcliffe Boundary Commission and the Partition of Punjab. Manchester UP, 2009. Batala Batala is a municipal council in Gurdaspur district in the state of Punjab, India. It is located about 30 km from Gurdaspur, the headquarters of the district. Batala is an important place for Sikh devotees. Guru Nanak Dev, the founder of the Sikh religion was married here to Sulakhni, the daughter of Mul Chand Chauna in 1485.[1] Many temples and Gurdwaras related to the Guru's marriage attract devotees from near and far. Every year celebrations are conducted on the anniversary of Guru Nanak's marriage. Batala once called as Iron bird of Asia as it produced highest amount of C.I.Casting, Agricultural and mechanical machinery. Batala is still one of the leading cities in northern India in maufacturing of C.I Casting and agricultural and mechanical machinery. It's an agricultural marketplace and industrial centre. Cotton ginning, weaving, sugar refining, rice milling, and manufacturing are some of other business taking place here. Contents * 1 History * 2 Landmarks

* 3 Transport o 3.1 Road o 3.2 Rail o 3.3 Air History The city was founded in the year 1465 CE by Raja Ram Deo, a Bhati Rajput, during the reign of Bahlul Lodi on a piece of land given by Tatar Khan who was the Governor of Lahore. Later, during the Mughal rule, Akbar gave it in jagir to his foster brother, Shamsher Khan. The city grew and developed under him. The whole city was lying within a fort. It had 12 gates as entrance and exit. These gates are still known by their old names e.g. Sheran wala Gate, Khajuri Gate, Bhandari Gate, Ohri Gate, Thathiari Gate etc. Some of them still survive and are pleading for their condition. During the Political integration of India, Batala was included in the Punjab state.[2] Other historic Places in Batala are Gurdwaras where Guru Nanak stayed during his lifetime. There are also numerous other gurdwaras of significant importance to Sikhs and therefore attracts thousands of Sikhs from around the globe. Landmarks A Sikh ceremony in Batala Located in Gurdaspur district, 38 km from Amritsar on the Kashmir Grand Trunk road. One of the older towns in the province of Lahore in the earlier times, Batala is home to many monuments of religious and historic importance. These monuments are connected with Sikh history and the Mughal period. The city consists of several churches constructed during the British Raj. The Jal Mahal and the palace of Maharaja Sher Singh were built by the Maharaja (CE 17801839). The palace is under the control of the authorities of the local Baring Union Christian College. The administrative offices of the college are housed in it. Jal Mahal is said to be under the control of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI). Jal Mahal (Baradari) and the palace of Maharaja Sher Singh were connected through a tunnel. According to some senior citizens Shamsher Khan Tank of Jal Mahal used to filled with water through the tunnel which was further connected by a long tunnel (canal) to the Beas near Kahnuwan. The remnants of the tunnel can be seen near Baring Christian College. Batala2.jpg Maharaja Sher Singh used to hold meetings of his courtiers in Jal Mahal. The water reservoir was built by Shamsher Khan while the beautiful Baradari in the centre of the tank was constructed by Maharaja Sher Singh. It has a square room in the centre of a pavilion with a passage. The entry to the first floor is by a staircase with concave-shaped steps on the north-eastern canal. Jal Mahal has eight doors in the lower part of the building and four in the upper storey. The inner wall contained beautiful art glass carvings and wall paintings. However, major parts of the paintings have been erased or damaged. The roof of the pavilion has also fallen. The Municipal Council had provided a tubewell to fill up the tank till

the eighties. All sides of the reservoir were lined with Nanakshahi bricks. However, with the passage of time the brick lining has been destroyed. Nowadays, on one side of the tank is located a vridh ashram owned and managed by the Dainik Prarthana Sabha. There also exists Bhadr Kali Mandir and Shivala. The upper portion of Jal Mahal is in a dilapidated condition and the time is not far when this magnificent structure will pass into oblivion. Locally known as Hazira, structure is near Baring College and was built by Shamsher Khan. The tomb stands on a raised platform surrounded by a low wall having bastions in the corners. The tomb is an octagonal structure crowned with a low dome. The spandrels of the arches have painted arabesque and geometrical designs. Hazira is now a recreational park and tourist attraction. The interior wall as well as the exterior of the tomb is richly adorned with paintings depicting floral, geometrical and calligraphic designs. The decoration is intact on the interior but on the exterior only its traces survive. Recently,[when?] the ASI had undertaken repairs. Preservation work has been done on its interior as well as exterior walls. The surroundings of this monuments, too, have been beautified. The palace of Maharaja Sher Singh reminds one of the love of rich architectural structures by Sikh rulers. This beautiful building with mud plastering was known to be part of Anarkali which was initially built along with Baradari as an imitation of Shalimar Garden of Lahore. The remnants of wall paintings and carvings can seen. Batala is the home town of Sardar Bhupinder singh Mann, Ex Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha and National President of Bharti Kisan Union. Transport Batala is an important industrial town famous for the manufacture of machine tools and woolen products. Therefore, it is well connected with the other cities and towns of Punjab by road and railways. Road National Highway 15 connecting Kandla in Gujarat with Pathankot in Punjab passes through Batala and connects it with Pathankot, Amritsar, Bhatinda, Sri Ganganagar, Bikaner, Jaisalmer, Barmer and Kandla. Rail Batala Junction (station code BAT) is on the AmritsarPathankot railway line of the Firozpur division of the Northern Railway zone of the Indian Railways. Amritsar Junction Railway Station located about 38 km from the town is the nearest major railway station. Train to Qadian is the another diversion from Batala. Ministry of Railways has accepted in 2010 Budget plan to connect the Batala-Quadian rail link to Jalandhar via Beas Junction. The project would start soon. Air

Pathankot Airport in Pathankot, situated 70 km away from Batala is the nearest military airport. Raja Sansi International Airport serving the city of Amritsar is the nearest International airport and is located about 40 km from the town. Bharoli Kalan Bharoli Kalan is a census town in Gurdaspur district in the state of Punjab, India. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Bharoli Kalan had a population of 3369. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Bharoli Kalan has an average literacy rate of 66%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 73% and female literacy of 59%. 14% of the population is under 6 years of age. The village belongs to the Deol jats which are decents of Baba Deep Singh ji family. Dera Baba Nanak Dera Baba Nanak is a city and a municipal council in Gurdaspur district in the state of Punjab, India. Contents * 1 Demographics * 2 Historical facts * 3 Famous personalities * 4 See also Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Dera Baba Nanak had a population of 7493. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Dera Baba Nanak has an average literacy rate of 75%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 78% and, female literacy is 72%. In Dera Baba Nanak, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age. Historical facts Two famous Gurudwara at Dera Baba Nanak are Sri Darbar Sahib and Sri Chola Sahib. Dera Baba Nanak, one of the most sacred places of the Sikhs, is situated on the banks of river Ravi. Guru Nanak Dev, the first Sikh Guru, settled and died near the village Pakhoke, opposite to the present town and named it Kartarpur. The Bedis, descendants of Guru Nanak Dev built a new town and named it Dera Baba Nanak after their great ancestor. The town has a number of Sikh temples. Pilgrims come to this holy town in large numbers. Dera Baba Nanak was made the headquarter of newly created Tehsil of Dera Baba Nanak. Dera Baba Nanak is a historical town and has many lanes and houses that have been preserved since the time of Guru Nanak. Also from this town pilgrims can see across the border into Pakistan and see the Gurudwara at Kartarpur. Gurudwara Sri Darbar Sahib was built in commemoration of Sri Guru Nanak Dev. He came here after his first Udasi (tour) on December 1515 AD to see the members of his family. His wife Mata Sulakhni and His two sons Baba Sri Chand and Baba Lakhmi Chand had come to stay here in their maternal home at Pakho-Ke-Randhawa, near Dera Baba Nanak, where

Lala Mool Raj, fatherinlaw of Guru Nanak Dev was working as Patwari. At that time this village was situated across the river Ravi. Famous personalities Bishan Singh Bedi Kabir Bedi Dr. Punit Bedi [[JAGDEEP SINGH WAHLA(JAGGA) See also * Dehra anil dogra Dhariwal Dhariwal is a city and a municipal council in Gurdaspur district in the state of Punjab, India. Dhariwal is most famous for its woolen mill. This town is situated on the banks of river Upper Bari Duab and is 13 km away from Gurdaspur on Gurdaspur-Batala highway. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Dhariwal had a population of 18,706. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Dhariwal has an average literacy rate of 74%, higher than the national average of 59.5%. Male literacy is 78% and female literacy is 70%. In Dhariwal, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age. History During British rule, the New Egerton Woollen Mills (established in 1880) produced woollen worsted and hosiery of all kinds - in 1904 the company employed 908 people.[2] These mills were famous throughout colonial India[3] and were the only mills in Punjab at that time Dina Nagar Dina Nagar is a city and a municipal council in Gurdaspur district in the state of Punjab, India. It takes its name after Dina Beigh, one of Akbar's loyalists to whom the emperor granted Jagirs ( big land holdings ) in this area.[citation needed] The town came up during Akbar's regime and old buildings, bazaars and walled portion of the town and it's gates are a witness to all this.[citation needed] Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Dina Nagar had a population of 21,494. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Dina Nagar has an average literacy rate of 75%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 78% and, female literacy is 69%. In Dina Nagar, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. this part gurdaspur district has better sex ratio as compare to some other parts of punjab. Fatehgarh Churian Fatehgarh Churian is a city and a municipal council in Gurdaspur district in the state of Punjab, India. Contents * 1 Demographics

* 2 History * 3 Description * 4 Notable people * 5 Notable places Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Fatehgarh Churian had a population of 15,879. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Fatehgarh Churian has an average literacy rate of 72%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 75%, and female literacy is 68%. In Fatehgarh Churian, 12% of the population is under six years of age. History Not much is known about the history of this town except that in 17th century Bandesha's Jats dominated in this area. In 18th century the kanhiya missal after looting Kasoor and other towns they setteled in Sangatpura District, Amritsar, 7 km from Fatehgarh Churian, and after that they forcefuly took possession of entire area from Bandesha's . It is said that the son of Maharaja Ranjit Singh was married here to the daughter of this missal. Before partition ths village was a Muslim dominated area. This fact is quite evident from the number of old mosques (which now are converted into Gurudwaras). Description Situated on the boundary between Gurdaspur and Amritsar districts, it is the last village in Gurdaspur district although it is closer to Amritsar than Gurdaspur. It is well connected to other towns by the road network. It is surrounded by towns like Amritsar (26 km), Batala (25 km), Ajnala (21 km), and Dera Baba Nanak (19 km). It is on the railway line between Amritsar and Dera Baba Nanak. It is divided into eleven wards. The area is roughly 55% Hindu and 45% Sikh. Along with these other communities also have a sizeable number. Although various communities reside here yet this little town has never witnessed any communal violence. Although not yet fully developed it is paving its way towards development. Basic education facilities are excellent with prestigious schools like St. Francis Convent School, Captain School of Excellence and Divine Desciples International School. In case of further studies i.e. after class 10, it still is far behind. Most of the Muslim families belong to the Syed family. They had their own graveyard in the town. Syed Jaffer Hussain Shah and Syed Abdulhaq Shah both police officers belong to this family. This family migrated to Pakistan in 1947. Notable people Pt Mohan Lal Former Home, Finance and Education Minister under Karion singh belonged to the same village. Syed Shabbir Hussain Naqvi, who migrated from this village to Pakistan, was the first secretary general of the largest Shia political party of Pakistan, Tehreek e Nifaz e Fiqh e

Jafria (TNFJ) and later became the advisor to the president of Pakistan Muhammad Zia-ulHaq. Dr Varun Nanda' is one of the famous kid of this small town who is working now as a General Practitioner in Brisbane. In his school days he used to be very good cricket player and played professional cricket before choosing medical field.He is still remembered as one of the most destructive batsman on leg side town had ever seen. Navneet Kaur is other personality belongs to same village. She is one of the most brilliant scientists of India nowadays. Notable places Famous religious places are Gagranwala mandir, Tahli Sahib Gurudwara, Talab Wala Mandir, and Gurudwara Takhia Wala. Recently a church has been constructed by Catholic Missionaries near St. Francis Convent school. Most of the religious functions in the town are held by the Su Shree Radha Krishna Dramatic Club (reg); for example Ramnavmi, Shivratri, Janamashtmi, Radha ashtmi, and ramleela. Every year SHOBHA YATRA & sant sammelan organized by Su Shree Radha Krishna Dramatic Club with the help of some other societies like Shree Ram Naam Parchaar Samiti, Shree Hari Darbaar Premi Mandal, Shree Bawa Lal G Sewak Sabha etc. In this shobha yatra many saints come from different locations and bless the town Fatehgarh Churian. Famous saints are Shree Shree Maa Sudarshan ji 'haridasi' from Shree Hari Darbaar, Kahnuwan Road, Gurdaspur, Pandori waley sant, Dhyanpur waley sant etc. This Shobha Yatra is the biggest shobha yatra held in town every year. Jugial Jugial is a census town in Gurdaspur district in the Indian state of Punjab. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Jugial had a population of 16,664. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Jugial has an average literacy rate of 79%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 81%, and female literacy is 76%. In Jugial, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. Jugial lies 13 k.m. north of Pathankot and 6 k.m. east of Madhopur,it lies near Shapurkandi village,which is the last town of Punjab, before entering the state of Jammu and Kashmir while traveling on Amritsar-Jammu National Highway. Jugial is situated on the road to the Ranjit Sagar Dam Project from Pathankot, Punjab. While, Ranjit Sagar Dam Project is further 15 k.m. from Jugial,various fabrication unit & other workshops and the staff colony of the project is located in the land adjoining Jugial. Kalanaur Kalanaur is a town and a nagar panchayat in Gurdaspur district in the Indian state of Punjab. Contents

* 1 Demographics * 2 Geography * 3 Culture Demographics As per the 2001 census of India[1], Kalanaur has a population of 12,915. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Those under 6 years of age constitute 13% of the population. The average literacy rate is 65%, which is higher than the national average of 59.5%. Male literacy is at 69%, and female literacy at 61%. Kalanaur houses a women's college.There is a famous Lord "SHIVA"Temple and Baba LAL JI Temple.There is a Govt.Senior Secondary School and D.A.V.High School,And ITI ,There is also a LAHORI GATE.There is also a KALANAUR PUBLIC SCHOOL. Geography Kalanaur is located at 3201N 7509E / 32.02N 75.15E / 32.02; 75.15[2]. It has an average elevation of 243 metres (797 feet). The town is situated about 25 km to the west of Gurdaspur city, on the banks of the Kiran, a minor rivulet that merges into the Ravi river. ==History==Mohiudin Rao Advocate...Haroon Abad...Punjab... PAKISTAN. According to Imperial Gazetteer of India, Kalanaur was founded by two Muslim brothers named Kala and Noor. According to the historian Mohammad Latif, the town was founded by the Noor tribe of Rajputs who probably migrated from South India. It is also possible that the town took its name from the Kaleshwar temple, consecrated to Shiva, which stands within a local fort. The history is incomplete if without authentication. Kalanaur existed much before 13th century. It is probably late 7th or early 8th century that Raja Nakay Rao established its rule over the territory. Later, the Raja of Kalanaur Raja Saheb Rao Sena was one of the 150 Rajas who had participated in both the battles of 1191 & 1192 at Tarain (Thanessar) alongside Prithviraj Chauhan against Mohammad Ghour. He adopted religion of Islam after the defeat and Prithviraj Chauhan was captured and killed by Mohammad Ghour under captivity. They migrated to the hills near Peer Panchaal after becoming Muslims as other Rajput broke relations with this family. To elaborate further: Emperor Janamejaya (Sanskrit: ) was the son of Maharaja Parikshit and greatgrandson of Arjuna the valiant warrior hero of the Mahabharata epic. He took up the Kuru throne following the death of father. His significance comes as the listener of the first narration of the Mahabharata, narrated by Vaishampayana, student of Vyasa. Emperor Janamejaya's younger brother, Prince Kakshasena established a separate independent kingdom at Indraprastha, which later rose to become a dominant force in its own right.[1] With the passage of time, the Bactrian and Scythian invasions of Northern India, Emperor Janamejayas youngest brother Raja Nakay Rao established a kingdom at Kalanaur in

Northern Punjab establishing the first capital of the his Dynasty. Modern day political boundaries today locates Kalanaur City in the district of Rohtak in Haryana, India. The very name Jarral was named after their apical ancestor, Raja Jir Rao, a Rajput direct descendant of Emperor Janamejaya and the Pandavas of the Mahabharata. Meaning by this Rajput Dynasty started calling itself Jarral Rajput somewhere in the 8th century. During the 14th-16th centuries, Kalanaur was a major urban centre and several historical events are associated with the town. Firuz Shah Tughluq (135288) built a beautiful palace on the banks of the Kiran rivulet. During the reign of Sayyad Mubarak Shah (142135), Kalanaur was ruled by the Khokhar tribe. In February 1556, Mughal Emperor Akbar, was enthroned in a garden near the Kalanaur by Bairam Khan. The masonry platform, where he was crowned can be visited even today, as can a mosque that was built during the his reign [3]. During a period of anarchy in latter half of the 18th century, the Kanhaiya Misl, a militia under Sardar Haqeeqat Singh Kanhaiya, occupied Kalanaur. His son Jaimal Singh extended his territory up to Fatehgarh Churian and shifted his residence there. Jaimal Singhs daughter Chand Kaur was married to Kharak Singh, eldest son and heir of Ranjit Singh, in 1812. Later, when the area was annexed by Ranjit Singh, he granted it to Kharak Singh. It was later granted in fief to one Diwan Dina Nath, and was finally annexed into British India after the death of Dina Nath in 1857.There is also a ITI Culture Kalanaur was at one time a centre of art, trade and cottage industry. A local saying has it that "a person who has not seen Lahore should see Kalanaur." The town houses a famous temple of Lord Shiva. The Shivalingam enshrined in the temple is in horizontal form and bound with the ground, with the sanctum sanctorum above it. An annual three-day fair coinciding with the Shivaratri festival is held in the vicinity of the temple. Free kitchens are organised and thousands of devotees come to pay obeisance to the lord. The Gurudwara Banda Bahadur, built on the site of a well excavated by order of Banda Bahadur, is another landmark of the town. There is also a temple of Shiva, Pathankot Pathankot (Punjabi: , Hindi: [panko]) is a city and a municipal

committee in Gurdaspur district in the Indian state of Punjab. It was a part of the Nurpur princely state ruled by the Rajputs prior to 1849 AD. It is a meeting point of the three northern states of Punjab, Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir. Due to its ideal location, Pathankot serves as a travel hub for the three northerly states. Pathankot is the fifth largest city in the state of Punjab in terms of population. It is the last city in Punjab on the national highway that connects Jammu and Kashmir with the rest of India. Situated in the foothills of Kangra and Dalhousie, with the river Chakki flowing close by, the city is often

used as a rest-stop before heading into the mountains of Jammu and Kashmir, Dalhousie, Chamba, and Kangra, deep into the Himalayas. Pathankot is also used as a gateway for Chamba & Kangra Valley in Himachal Pradesh. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 History * 3 Economy * 4 Transportation * 5 Demographics * 6 Places of interest & Stay * 7 Transportation Geography Pathankot has an average elevation of 332 metres (1,089 feet). Pathankot is green town with Ravi and Chakki rivers on either side. Himachal foothills kissing on South and East and snow capped Himalayas in the back drop in North. History According to Sikh History (Sakhian), the town of Pathankot was established by First Guru, Guru Nanak Dev Maharaj during one of his journeys. Pathankot litrally translated means, Fort of Pathans. Economy Pathankot is economically well off city compared to many other towns of Punjab or Himachal Pradesh. The exact data on per capita income is not available. Historically its economy was dependant upon Timber Trade. Good quality forest wood from Himachal used to come to Pathankot from where it was cut and distributed to different parts of Northern India. In early 1990s, timber trade shifted to Jammu, when the railroad was extended to Jammu Tawi. After liberalization of Indian Economy Pathankot has emerged as hub of wholesellers and distributors of all sorts of consumer goods and services catering to Himachal Pradesh and North-West Punjab. Pathankot being in foothills of Himachal Pradesh, and nearest rail link to Himachal Pradesh and on National Highway No 1, is demographically located at economically important location. Pathankot is only 30 km from Indo-Pak border and only rail and road link between rest of India and strategically important and sensitive Jammu & Kashmir. This means a lot of Army and Air Force personnel are stationed at Pathankot and nearby areas. They contribute heavily into the local economy. Army and Air force award a lot of contracts to local vendors. And, their personnel consume local goods and services. Transportation By Air Pathankot is connected to Delhi. A civilian airport was estaqblished by the efforts of turned MP, Mr. Vinod Khanna who represented Gurdaspur district in Parliament for 10

years. Deccan Airlines flew a flight to Pathankot from Delhi for two years. But nowadays no flight flies on this route. By train Pathankot is a major railroad junction. Lines from Amritsar (2 hrs) and Delhi (8 hrs) merge here, and all services to Jammu (2 hrs) pass through. In addition to Pathankot station itself, there is a second station called Chakki Bank just 4 km away, which serves some express trains that do not stop in Pathankot station. Nowadays the majority of the Jammu trains stop only at Chakki Bank and not at Pathankot. In addition, Pathankot is also served by the narrow-gauge Kangra Valley Railway built by the British, which crawls 128 km to Joginder Nagar via Palampur and Kangra (near Dharamsala). However, the luxury Kangra Queen services were terminated back in 2003, leaving about 6 departures daily of slow, often packed second class trains, taking over six hours. Bookings for these can only be done locally at Pathankot station. Some of these trains run to Baijnath Paprola and a few to Joginder Nagar. To Know More about Pathankot Trains & their schedules Click Chakki Bank Railway Station & Pathankot Railway Station By bus The main bus stand has been renovated. Its close to the railway station. Formerly, there were two bus stations: a small one right next to the train station (for Himachal buses) and the main bus stand a few km away. Public HRTC buses to Dharamsala take 3 4 hours and cost Rs.75, while buses to Amritsar take 3 hours and cost about 62 Rs. Pathankot is situated at the entry point of Jammu & Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh. The famous Hindu Pilgrimage Vaishno devi is just 160 km from pathankot.From Chandigarh you can reach here in just 6hrs. It is well connected with bus services from Punjab roadways, Haryana Roadways, Himachal Roadways and J&K transport. For more information about Pathankot Bus Stand Click Maharana Pratap Inter State Bus Terminal Pathankot & To get Schedule of Buses Click Time Table Demographics As of 2001[update] India census, Pathankot had a population of 159,559. Males constitute 55% of the population and females 45%. Pathankot has an average literacy rate of 87%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 90%, and female literacy is 83%. In Pathankot, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. In Pathankot, Punjabi is the main spoken language although Urdu, Hindi and Dogri are also spoken . 60% of the population are Hindus, 32% are Sikhs, 8% are Christians, 0.4% Muslim (Tribal and Sunni). Pathankot and its people are very warm and cozy. The city itself reflects the affection of its people.Probably the only city in Punjab which was not affected by the dark period of terrorism during the eighties. Its one of the city of Punjab's golden triangle i.e. Amritsar, Jalandhar and Pathankot are at a distance of 100 km to each other. Places of interest & Stay Places worth visiting near Pathankot include Shahpur Kandi with a hanging resthouse, Ranjit Sagar Dam which is the highest gravity dam in Asia, Madhopur headworks which date back

to the Mughal era. Church, Head works of Upper Bari Doab, Shahpur Kandi are the attractions of this area. There are two mosques in the city presenting the city of its name. Pathankot Club is situated in Adhunik Vihar. There are some caves on the way to Shahpur Kandi which date to the time of the Mahabharata. According to a legend, the Pandavas stayed in those caves for a night during their "Agayatwas". A carnival or mela, called Mukesran da mela is held there each year in the month of April to mark Baisakhi. The ancient Shiva temple- 'Kathgarh'. is approximately 25 km from PTK, During "Naag panchami" gap between two shiva parvati holy stones reduces and during "shivrathri" the gap increases. There is no clue as to how that happens. But truly it's a magic of its own. To reach there one has to go to Indora (HP), which is 20 km away from ptk. Don't miss this temple if you visit Pathankot. India's foremost hydraulic research stations is situated at Malikpur which is 7 km from Pathankot, where various models of dams and irrigation canal are made before actual work upon them starts. There is a fort, called the Nurpur Fort built by the Pathania Rajputs, more than 900 years ago. It was damaged due to the great earthquake which struck this region early in 1905 AD 25 km from Pathankot. It is quite famous in North India, and the temple inside attracts tourists from all across. It is 25 KM away from Pathankot. Shahpurkandi fort is also one of the main attractions of Pathankot city. It was built in 1505 AD by a Rajput chief Jaspal Singh Pathania. It was strategically located to have control over the Kangra and Nurpur region. The fort is in ruins, and is famous for its temples and the view it commands over the Ravi river. The famous road/colony that forms the heart of city are mission road, Jodhamal colony, green heaven colony and Patel chownk road. Famous temples are Ashapurni mandir, Kali mata ka mandir, Shani Dev mandir, Hanuman Mandir near railway station, Ramlila ground. Also devotees visit CNI church. One can stop over in Pathankot en-route to Mukerian (40), Dharamshala (100 km), Dalhousie (70 km), Amritsar (108), Palampur (100 km), Chamba (100 km) & Jammu (100 km), Hoshiarpur (100 km), Kangra (100 km), Jalandhar (108 km) all in different directions from Pathankot. Transportation Pathankot City is well connected by Air, Road and Rail with the rest of the country. Despite being the city of such a strategic importance the road conditions are worse in the city. Pathankot has direct train links with Mukerian, Delhi, Jammu, Amritsar, Jabalpur, Ludhiana, Mumbai, Indore and other Indian cities. Except for a few trains, most of the trains stop at Chakki Bank .

Super fast trains like Jammu Tawi-Mumbai Express do not enter city Pathankot. They stop at outer Railway Station called 'Chakki Bank'. The distance from main Railway station & Chakki Bank is just 4 km. This city also has a narrow line station just next to main city station from where trains to Kangra valley can be caught. Pathankot is also connected by a vast network of private and public-sector bus services to other cities in Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Delhi, Haryana, Jammu and Kashmir. Important destinations include Mukerian, Jammu, Shimla, Chandigarh, Delhi, Dharamsala, Dalhousie, and Amritsar. To Find distances from Pathankot Click Here Qadian Qadian (Punjabi: , ; Hindi: , IPA: [qadian+) is a small town and a

municipal council in Gurdaspur District, north-east of Amritsar, situated 18 kilometres (11 mi) north-east of Batala city in the state of Punjab, India. Qadian is perhaps best known as the birthplace of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, the founder of the Ahmadiyya Movement. Contents * 1 History * 2 Geography * 3 Demographics * 4 References History Members of the Ahmadiyya Movement who spoke in 47 different languages in Qadian. Qadian was established in 1530 by Mirza Hadi Baig, a religious scholar dedicated to Islam and the first Qazi within the area. Because of his religious beliefs, he named the new town 'Islam Pur Qazi'. Over time, the name of the town changed to 'QaziMaji' (the word "Maji" means Bull referring to the animal still found in abundance in Qadian). Later, it was named just 'Qadi' and eventually, it became known as Qadian. In 1834, during the rule of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the region consisting of Qadian and five other adjoining villages were given to Mirza Ghulam Murtaza Ahmad, father of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad. A remote and unknown village, Qadian emerged as a centre of religious learning in 1889, when Mirza Ghulam Ahmad established the Ahmadiyya Movement. Qadian remained the administrative headquarter and capital of the Ahmadiyya Caliphate until the partition of India in 1947. Geography Qadian is located at 3149N 7523E / 31.82N 75.39E / 31.82; 75.39. It has an average elevation of 250 metres (820 feet). Since the city is located east of Damascus, it holds

significance to the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community who believe that the Mahdi rose from this city.[1][2] Demographics As of India's census in 2001,[3] Qadian had a population of 20,827. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Qadian has an average literacy rate of 75%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 78%, and female literacy is 70%. In Qadian, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age. Before the partition of India, the town of Qadian had a majority Muslim population because of the many religious materials belonging to the Islamic faith. Since 1947, Qadian's population is mostly Sikh based with some members of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community staying behind to care for the Community's buildings and mosques. The vast majority of the Community migrated to Pakistan during the partition of India. Sri Hargobindpur Sri Hargobindpur is a city and a municipal council in Gurdaspur district in the Indian state of Punjab. Situated on the banks of the Beas River, the city is also the erstwhile capital of the Ramgarhia Misl. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Sri Hargobindpur had a population of 3993. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Sri Hargobindpur has an average literacy rate of 66%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 69%, and female literacy is 63%. In Sri Hargobindpur, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age. Sujanpur Sujanpur is a city and a municipal council in Gurdaspur district in the Indian state of Punjab. It is 6Km from Pathankot towards Jammu on Jallandhar - Jammu National Highway (NH-1A). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Sujanpur had a population of 21,743. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Sujanpur has an average literacy rate of 71%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 75%, and female literacy is 66%. In Sujanpur, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age Hoshiarpur district Hoshiarpur District (Punjabi: , Hindi: ) is a district of Punjab

state in northern India. Districts of Punjab along with their headquarters The district has an area of 3,365 km and a population of 14,78,045 (2001 census); Hoshiarpur is the district capital. The district is bounded by Kapurthala, Jalandhar, Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar district and Gurdaspur districts of Punjab state and Kangra and Una districts of Himachal Pradesh state. Contents

* 1 Overview * 2 History * 3 Jaijon * 4 Area * 5 District administration * 6 Sub-Divisions o 6.1 Administrative Divisions + 6.1.1 Development Blocks + 6.1.2 Municipal Councils + 6.1.3 Notified Area Committee Overview It falls into two nearly equal portions of hill and plain country. Its eastern face consists of the westward slope of the Solar Singhi Hills; parallel with that ridge, a line of lower heights belonging to the Siwalik Range traverses the district from south to north, while between the two chains stretches a valley of uneven width, known as the Jaswan Dun. Its upper portion is crossed by the Sohan torrent, while the Sutlej sweeps into its lower end through a break in the hills, and flows in a southerly direction until it turns the flank of the central range, and debouches westwards upon the plains. This western plain consists of alluvial formation, with a general westerly slope owing to the deposit of silt from the mountain torrents in the sub-montane tract. The Beas has a fringe of lowland, open to moderate but not excessive inundations, and considered very fertile. A considerable area is covered by government woodlands, under the care of the forest department. Rice is largely grown, in the marshy flats along the banks of the Beas. Several religious fairs are held, at Anandpur Sahib, Mukerian and Chintpurni, all of which attract an enormous concourse of people. The district, owing to its proximity to the hills, possesses a comparatively cool and humid climate. Cotton fabrics are manufactured, and sugar, rice and other grains, tobacco and indigo are among the exports. Hoshiarpur is also known as a City of Saints. There are many Deras in this district. The District Govt. College was once a campus for Punjab University. History The country around Hoshiarpur formed part of the old kingdom of Katoch in Jalandhar. The state was eventually broken up, and the present district was divided between the, rajas of Datarpur and Jaswan. They retained undisturbed possession of their territories until 1759, when the rising Sikh chieftains commenced a series of encroachments upon the hill tracts. In 1815 Maharaja Ranjit Singh, forced the ruler of Jaswan to resign his territories in exchange for an estate on feudal tenure; three years later the raja of Datarpur met with similar treatment. By the close of the year 1818 the whole country from the Sutlej to the Beas had come under the government of Lahore, and after the First Anglo-Sikh War in 1846 passed to the British government. The deposed rajas of Datarpur and Jaswan received cash pensions from the new rulers, but expressed bitter disappointment at not being restored to

their former sovereign position. Accordingly the outbreak of the Second Anglo-Sikh War, in 1848 found the disaffected chieftains ready for rebellion. They organized a revolt, but the two rajas and the other ringleaders were captured, and their estates confiscated. Hoshiarpur is an ancient centre of Hindu epics and culture itself. In Bajwara (4 km east on Una road from present city) ruins of ancient culture can still be found. Mythologically, Teh Dasuya of this district is estimated to be King Virat's kingdom where Pandavas spent their one year exile. Jaijon Among the numerous ancient cultural centers in Hoshiarpur was town Jaijon. Said to be Founded by Jaijjat rishi around 11th century at the Shivalik foothills, Jaijon was a flourishing trade centre. It was also known as a centre for oriental studies. Noted scholars and exponents of Sanskrit, Astrology, Ayurveda and music visited this place for meeting. Music composers Pandit Husan Lal and Bhagat Ram and noted Pakistani poet Tufail Hoshiarpuri belonged to the same place. The late Ayurveda scholar Pandit Govind Ram and the late Sanskrit laureate Acharya Vishwanath belonged to Jaijon. Over the years when Chandigarh came into existence Jaijon lost its glory and now its a sleepy town on the border of Punjab and Himachal in the foothills of Shivaliks. Area At present, Hoshiarpur has an area of 3198.2 km. * Total area ( km.) 3,365 * Total No. of villages. 1,449 District administration * The Deputy Commissioner, an officer belonging to the Indian Administrative Service, is in-charge of the General Administration in the district. He is assisted by a number of officers belonging to Punjab Civil Service and other Punjab state services. * The Senior Superintendent of Police, an officer belonging to the Indian Police Service, is responsible for maintaining law & order in the district. He is assisted by the officers of the Punjab Police Service and other Punjab police officials. * The Divisional Forest Officer, an officer belonging to the Indian Forest Service, is responsible for the management of the forests, environment and wildlife in the district. He is assisted by the officers of the Punjab Forest Service and other Punjab forest officials and Punjab wildlife officials. * Sectoral development is looked after by the district head/officer of each development department such as PWD, Health, Education, Agriculture, Animal husbandry, etc. These officers are from various Punjab state services. Sub-Divisions The District of Hoshiarpur comprises four sub-divisions, ten development blocks, eight municipal councils and one notified area committee, as per details given below:

Administrative Divisions * Hoshiarpur * Dasuya * Mukerian * Garhshankar Development Blocks * Hoshiarpur-I * Hoshiarpur-II * Bhunga * Tanda * Dasuya * Mukerian * Talwara * Hajipur * Mahilpur * Garhdiwala * Garhshankar Municipal Councils * Hoshiarpur * Garhdiwala * Hariana * Tanda * Khudda * Dasuya' * Mukerian * Shamchurasi Notified Area Committee * Mahilpur * Hoshiarpur shamchurasi kadiana ASHRAM & TEMPLES IN HOSHIARPUR * SAKET ASHRAM ( Raghvendra Sewa Trust- Chairman Sant Bhagwan Dass ji Maharaj) at street no. 1, Shivalik Avenue, Ashlamabad, Chandigarh Road, Hoshiarpur (PB)Ph:00911882240897 * Shiv Mandir & Brahmachari Ashram ( Raghvendra Sewa Trust- Chairman Sant Bhagwan Dass ji Maharaj) at Nangal Shahinda,Chandigarh Road, Hoshiarpur (PB)Ph:00911882272108 Contents * 1 Sant Bhagwan Dass Ji Maharaj * 2 Geography

* 3 Demographics * 4 Distinctive aspects * 5 Climate * 6 Rainfall * 7 Landmarks * 8 Education * 9 History * 10 Notable people from Hoshiarpur Sant Bhagwan Dass Ji Maharaj There are so many Saints and Priests in Hoshiarpur , It is land of Saints , Sant Bhagwan Dass ji Maharaj is a great Sant or Priest in Hoshiarpur, He has dedicated his life for others. He is founder and Chairman of Shri Raghvendra Sewa Trust and He is doing Religious ,Cultural,and many other Social Activities through his Public Charitable Trust in all over India and abroad. Shri Raghvendra Sewa Trust is working form Saket Ashram in Ashlamabad and from Shiv Mandir in Nangal Shahinda , Hoshiarpur. Hoshiarpur (Punjabi: , Hindi: ) is a city and a municipal council in

Hoshiarpur district in the Indian state of Punjab. It was founded, according to tradition, during the early part of the 4th century. In 1809 it was occupied by the forces of Maharaja Karanvir Singh and was united under the greater state of Punjab. Geography Hoshiarpur bus stand Hoshiarpur is located at 3132N 7555E / 31.53N 75.92E / 31.53; 75.92.[1] It has an average elevation of 296 metres (971 feet). Hoshiarpur district is located in the north-east part of the Indian state of Punjab. It falls in the Jalandhar Revenue Division and is situated in the Bist Doab portion of the Doaba region. Its coordinates lie at North Latitude 30 Degree-9 and 32 degree-05 and East Longitude 75 degree -32 and 76 degree -12. Hoshiarpur shares a common boundary with Kangra and Una districts of Himachal Pardesh in the north east. In the southwest, it borders Nawashaher (Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar), Jalandhar and Kapurthala districts of Punjab and in the northwest it borders Gurdaspur District (of Punjab). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Hoshiarpur had a population of 148,243. The 2007 Hoshiarpur population was 547,987. Hoshiarpur is also known as "City of Mangoes". Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Hoshiarpur has an average literacy rate of 78%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 81%, and female literacy is 76%. In Hoshiarpur, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. * Females per 1,000 males 935 * Density of population ( per km.) 439

* Percentage increase in population (19912001) 13.81 The Scheduled Caste population is more than 35%. Distinctive aspects * It is called the land of choes (Seasonal rivulets). They bring floods in the heavy raining season of Monsoon. * It has always been very famous for Wooden and Ivory handicrafts. Of course, the ivory is replaced by synthetic alternatives. * Its location comes in 'Kandi area' i.e. it is situated in the foothills of Himalayan mountains (Shivalik ranges). Climate The district of Hoshiarpur has a mild climate compared to other districts in the state of Punjab. Much of this is due to the abundance of hilly terrain and sizeable forest cover. Temperatures drop as low as -5oC in the winter. The pattern of seasons in the district is similar to that of other districts in Punjab, except slight variations at the terminals. The year may be divided into three main seasons in the district of Hoshiarpur. The summer season sets in April and lasts up to end of June, to be taken over by the rainy season (during which time it becomes hot and humid). The rainy season sets in the beginning of July and lasts up till September's end. The winter season starts after the rains are over from October and lasts up until March's end. May and June are the hottest months of the year in Hoshiarpur (during which time mercury is known to cross 45 C). Moreover, the local climate here is very suitable for citrus fruit cultivation and a large area is covered with the same. Although, Hoshiarpur has always been known for the distinctive variety of Mangoes (As is referred in this popular Punjabi song: "Ambiyaan nu tarsengi chadd ke des doaba"). Rainfall The total average rain fall within Hoshiarpur is 1125 mm. Broadly speaking, 75% of the rainfall is experienced within the period between July and September. 15% of the total rainfall is experienced in the winter months of January and February during which time the climate is under the influence of western disturbances in the Persian Gulf. Hail storms may occur in the closing period of winter. Landmarks * District Administrative Complex (Mini secretariat). * Sheesh Mahal Building in the city. * Kila Baroon at Bajwara village. This Kila is built by Share Shah Soori. This is called as BejuBabra Village in the time of Akbar. * District Outdoor Sports Complex off Bharwain Road. * New Mall near Bus Stand with multiplex. * Clock Tower

Education * Government College, Hoshiarpur was home to part of the Panjab University for a short duration after partition until its relocation. One of its well-known students and alumni is Dr Manmohan Singh, the present Prime Minister of India. * S.D. College , D.A.V college, Sanskrit College for Girls are also reputed educational institutions. * The town is home to the Vishveshvaranand Institute of Sanskrit and Indological Studies (VSIS) at Sadhu Ashram on Hoshiarpur Una road which may receive university status in the future. * Hoshiarpur has engineering, pharmacy and law colleges as well. Rayat - Bahra Institute of Engineering & Nano- Technology, Rayat - Bahra College of Engineering & NanoTechnology for Women, Rayat - Bahra Institute of Pharmacy. * S.S.G. Panjab University Regional Centre has three professional courses i.e. Engineering degrees, M.C.A degree, LL.B as well as B.A LL.B. * BAMS college and national level Ayurveda university is proposed in Hoshiarpur city. * Shri Guru Ram Dass College of Nursing is providing nursing courses in the city. * Government Polytechnic, Government I.T.I. institute and G.E.S Polytechnic college provide various trades and vocational level courses. Some of famous schools are St. Joseph's Convent School and Mount Carmel School History Hoshiarpur was a part of Indus Valley Civilization. Recent excavations at various sites in the district have revealed that the entire area near the Shivalik foothills was selected for habitation not only by the early Paleolithic man but also by those in the historic periods. In the explorations, seven early Stone Age artifacts have been found. Besides these excavations, among the archaeological remains in Hoshiarpur District, the remains of temples at Dholbaha, 24 km north of Hoshiarpur, and especially the local legends throw light on the ancient history of the district. The legends associate several places in the district with Pandavas. From the Shivalik frontal range in Hoshiarpur District, 16 sites have been reported to have yielded Stone Age tools. The archaeological excavations carried out at Dholbaha, situated at a distance of about 30 km to the north-west of Hoshiarpur; reveal its relationship with the pre-historic period. This area has been a place of habitation right form the very early times; the archaeological discoveries have related its antiquities to the Pleistocene period. Presence of fossils and beautiful sand stone sculptures of medieval period underline the importance of Dholbaha and tend to establish the fact that Dholbaha valley was occupied by the affluent iconolatry at various intervals. According to the medieval history of Hoshiarpur District, the plains of the present Hoshiarpur District probably came under the Mohammedan rule on the fall of Jalandhar in 1088 AD but the hills, however, remained under the Hindu Chieftains. It is said that before

the first Mohammedan invasion, Raja Shankar Das built a fort on the site of the present town of Garhshankar, but it was taken by Mahmud Ghazni and subsequently given by Emperor Shahab-ud-Din Ghori to Man Singh of Jaipur. The whole of the Shivalik Hills along with the principalities of Ghuram, Hansi, Sarusti, Samana and other tracts were subjugated by Sultan Muhammad Ghori. During the return journey of Amir Taimur from Delhi in 1398-99 AD, the district faced a great devastation. Taimur wished to capture Nagarkot, but did not penetrate so far in the interior of the hills. The Hindu Rajas gave him tough fight. He passed through Bajwara and Dasua in the district. In 1432 AD, Mubarak Shah transferred Jalandhar and Lahore from the charge of Nusrat Khan to that of Malik Allahabad Kaka Lodhi. Lodhi, who was yet on his way to Lahore to take over the charge, was attacked by Jasrat, who was compelled to seek shelter at Kothi situated between Jaijon and Mahalpur about 16 km to the south of Bajwara in Hoshiarpur District. Jaijon in the Hoshiarpur District was once the seat of Jaswal Rajas. After the death ofAurangzeb in 1707, Punjab was divided into six Doabs. Jalandhar Doab had 69 Mahals. In this Doab, the most important towns, falling in the Hoshiarpur District, were Sham Churasi, Tanda, Mukerian and Hoshiarpur. Further, history also states that Hoshiarpur District was annexed by British at the close of the First Anglo Sikh War. John Lawrence became the first Commissioner of the trans-Satluj states in March 1846, and the division was administered by him in direct correspondence with the Supreme Government until 1848, when the Commissioner was made subordinate to the Resident at Lahore. When the Second Sikh War began in 1848, the Rajas of Jaswan, Kangra and Datarpur revolted against the British rule. The Sepoy Mutiny, 1857 did not affect Hoshiarpur District. However, a number of precautionary measures were taken by the British authorities. Unpopular policies of the British government raised a political storm in Punjab including Hoshiarpur District. With a view to stimulate the political activities in Punjab, District Congress Committees were set up in all the districts. Accordingly, the District congress committee, Hoshiarpur was formed in 1917. The delegated of this Committee attended the Provincial Political conference held at Lahore the same year. The District Congress committee, Hoshiarpur arranged a public meeting at Hoshiarpur on 23 July 1920 in favour of Non Cooperation Movement. The Indian National Congress passed the Quit India Resolution on 8 August 1942. Thus, history of Hoshiarpur District shows that this district played a significant role in the freedom movement of the country. Notable people from Hoshiarpur Freedom Fighters and Gallantry awardees: * Sardar Bhagat Singh, Shaheed-e-azam, the best known revolutionary in the freedom struggle of India had his roots in Khatkar Kalan village (now in Nawanshaher district). * Harnam Singh Saini (Indian Revolutionary),Participated in Ghadar Conspiracy. {Belongs to Fatehgarh Village, Hoshiarpur}

* Brig Kuldeep Singh Chandpuri was decorated with India's second highest gallantry award, the Maha Vir Chakra for conquering battle of Longowal during 1971 Indo-Pak war. * Sgt. Major Ujagar Singh Pannu was one of 170 soldiers decorated by the British Army for his gallant services during the second World War. Sports achievers: * Mr. Telu Ram one of the glittering Football Player famous for his activeness in the Game {He could not continue his participation on football because of thigh Hurt} * Premchand Degra, He won the "Mr. Universe" title in the short-height 80 kg category in 1988 * Baljeet Singh Saini, former member of national Hockey team of India hails from Hoshiarpur. * Balwinder Singh Saini (Brother of Baljeet Singh Saini), former member of national Hockey team of India hails from Hoshiarpur. Music personalities: * Debi Makhsoospuri, a popular Punjabi lyricist and singer belongs to Makhsoospur village. * Manmohan Waris, a renowned Punjabi singer hails from a village near Mahilpur town. * Kamal Heer, a Punjabi singer hails from a village near Mahilpur town. * Dr. Satinder Sartaaj (Born as Satinder Pal Singh Saini), a Punjabi singer, writer, poet and stage performer hails from Bajrawar village near Mahilpur town. * Shankar Sahney, a Punjabi singer hails from Kamalpur mohalla in Hoshiarpur. * Late Kulwinder Dhillon, a Punjabi singer hailed from a village near Mahilpur town. * Late Soni Pabla (Tejpal Singh Pabla), (Pabla is a Saini gotra) Punjabi singer belonged to Bilaspur Village, Hoshiarpur. * S. Tarsem Singh Moranwali, a world renowned Dhadi hails from Village Moranwali. Medical: * Dr. Vijayendra Singh, Surgeon , only Punjabi to be working with Robotic endourology and renal transplant in Fortis Hospital Delhi Political leaders (in no particular order): * Smt.Ambika Soni, Union Cabinet Minister, India. * Sh. Tikshan Sud, Cabinet Minister ,Punjab. * Sh.Shiv Kumar Sood,President Municipal Council ,Hoshiarpur. * Late Dilbagh Singh, Former Agriculuture Minister of Punjab Born in pre-partition times: * Abdul Aziz Khan, an Urdu poet who moved to Lahore, Pakistan after partition. * Muneer Niazi, an Urdu and Punjabi poet. * Habib Jalib, an Urdu poet of Pakistan. * Choudhary Rahmat Ali Gorsi, who suggested the name "Pakistan" * Ch. Maj. Tufail Shaheed, Nishan-e-Haider holder of Pak Army.

* Ashfaq Ahmad, famous Pakistani writer * Intikhab Alam, Former Pakistan cricket team captain and current coach Chohal Chohal is a census town in Hoshiarpur district in the state of Punjab, India. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Chohal had a population of 7433. Males constitute 59% of the population and females 41%. Chohal has an average literacy rate of 71%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 78% and female literacy of 62%. 16% of the population is under 6 years of age. Dasua Dasuya (Dasua) is a city and a municipal council in Hoshiarpur district in the state of Punjab, India. The city name was derived from its historical events as it was destroyed and rebuilt ten times, hence the name Dasuya (Da meaning Ten and Suya Built). Contents * 1 Geography * 2 Location * 3 History * 4 How to reach Dasuya * 5 Economy * 6 Politics * 7 Demographics * 8 Places of interest * 9 Driving Routes * 10 Education hub * 11 Administration * 12 Villages in Dasuya Geography Dasuya is located at 3149N 7540E / 31.82N 75.66E / 31.82; 75.66.[1] It has an average elevation of 240 metres (787 feet) from sea level. Location Dasuya (Dasua) is located on the National highway 1A which connects Jammu and Kashmir (Kargil) to rest of the India (via Jalandhar). It is located in the district Hoshiarpur of Punjab state in India. The city is well connected with rail and road with rest of India. Major cities in the vicinity of Dasua are Hoshiarpur (48 km), Jalandhar (56 km), Gurdaspur (40 km), Amritsar (90 km) and Pathankot (56 km). State highways running through Dasua connect Hoshiarpur, Talwara, and Hajipur to the town. Other connecting roads link Dasuya with Amritsar through Shri Hargovindpur, Daulatpur through Kamahi Devi and Kapurthla through Miani and Begowal. The Holy Shrine of Mata Chintpurni(Chinnmastika) can also be reached via Hajipur-Talwara route.

River Beas flows in the west and seasonal rivers flows on the north (Takkar Sahib, Ghoghra region) and south (Odhra, Garna Sahib region). There are two major canals (upper doaba) and Uchchi bassi irrigating the fields of Dasua region. History It is believed that it was once surrounded by a huge wall, which had various gates. We used to live in a house directly opposite the railway station. In 1947, when we left Dasuya, http://www.dasuya.info there were still remains of the gates, about 3 or 4 miles towards the north of the city. Abdul Majid Khan, Resident of Dasuya before the Partition. Dasuya is a very ancient city - it is situated on a old mound which corroborates this. It is believed that it was known as Virat Nagar in the Mahabharata and the Pandavas spent last one year of their exile in Virat Nagar in the service of its king. Dasuya also finds mention during the Guru Nanak's time. It is believed that Guru Nanak went to Himachal Pradesh (Manikaran) via Dasuya (Sakhi of Guru Nanak by Bhai Bala). How to reach Dasuya There are regular, round the clock bus services to Delhi via Hoshiarpur or Jalandhar, Chandigarh, Jammu, Pathankot, Amritsar, Ambala, Ludhiana, Ferozpur, Faridkot, Moga, Hissar, Kapurthala, Shimla, Haridwar, Jaipur and other major cities of North India operated by Punjab Roadways, PEPSU, Haryana Roadways, CTU, DTC, Himachal Parivahan Nigam, J&K SRTC, Rajasthan Roadways and UP Roadways apart from several private operators. Dasuya serves as a major transportation hub towards Himachal from Northern and Central Punjab. Dasuya railway station is well connected with all parts of India and is the busiest station in Hoshiarpur district. Trains towards Kanyakumari, Chennai, Thiruvananthapuram, Mangalore, Mumbai, Guwahati, Kolkota, Indore, Delhi, Patna, Jaipur, Ahmadabad, Lucknow, Kanpur, Haridwar, Ambala, Amritsar, Jalandhar, Pathankot, Udhampur and Jammu passes through Dasuya. Airports near Dasuya are in Pathankot (Deccan air service to Delhi and Kangra, Air India to Delhi via Ludhiana), Raja Sansi International Airport (UK, Canada, Singapore, middle east, central asia, Slovenia and rest of India), Ludhiana (domestic), Chandigarh (domestic) and Mohali (international under construction). Nearest helipad is in Uchi bassi but temperory arrangements are done in Stadium behind Girls college. Economy Dasuya is one of the key towns of Hoshiarpur. The per capita income of Dasuya is higher than rest of Punjab which in turn is leading within India. Main banks in Dasuya are State Bank of India, Punjab National Bank, Punjab and Sind Bank and Oriental Bank of commerce. Dasuya is a agriculture-centered community. Apart from routine rice, wheat, maize and sugarcane, farmers also grow sunflower, pulses, potatoes, sesame, peaches, oranges, papaya, grapes, melons and mangoes. Dasuya is located in the Basmati belt of India which extends from Karnal to Jammu region.

Majority of the population is employed in agriculture and are serving in Indian Defense forces in several capacities. Dasuya is a permanent base of the Indian Armed forces and its northern part hosts Uchi Bassi cantonment. Region hosts majority of military exercises and war games of Indian army. Most of the families in Dasuya have members settled outside India (including but not limited to Canada, UK, Australia, USA, New Zealand, Spain and Germany) which results in large amount of influx of foreign remittance in this region. Several MNCs are looking forward to open their branches in this prosperous region of Punjab. McDonalds (a US fast food enterprise) is the first major establishment in this region. National (Reliance) as well as International enterprises (WalMart) are exploring their options to invest in this region. Since independence Dasuya is known for its brick kilns which are located in Odhra and Bhangala clusters. Bricks for constructions are supplied throughout Punjab and Himachal region from these clusters. Randhawa sugar mill and distillery is the major employer in the region. It consumes majority of the sugarcane grown in Dasuya region and is a major supplier of sugar to other parts of India. Recently, Hash Biotech Ltd. has opened their farms in the southern parts of Dasuya. Hash Biotech pvt Ltd., is an official partner of IIMSAM (United Nations) and is a leading firm in the South Asia. Hash Biotech provides both high and low end jobs to the local population. Animal husbandry and poultry industry is another driving force of Dasuyas economy. Dasuya was a top poultry producer until 1970s. After 2000, Poultry industry has regained its position and now several big (Dhir Poultry and Kahlon Poultry) and small players have invested in this sector. In recent days farmers in Panwan region of Dasuya has started investing in commercial pisciculture. Dasuya is a major supplier of the timber to North India. Eucalyptus, Ashok and Poplar are the main plantations. Northern Railways have a special yard for timber loading in the region. Politics A traditional congress hub Dasuya always voted Mr Ramesh Chandar Dogra surprised everyone by voting S Amarjit Singh Sahi of BJP as MLA from Dasua constituency in recent elections. This may be attributed to the stunted growth of city during congress era and rising of rival town Mukerian. On redrawing of Punjab and Himachal borders, Una which was part of Dasuya was transferred to Himachal and made as a district but Dasuya was left as a tehsil under Hoshiarpur.Numerous unsuccessful attempts has been made to get district status for Dasua. Municipal Concil Dasuya is a second class council & it was established in the Year 1885 as per following notification No. 1041 Dated 19th August, 1885. MC Dasuya has 13 councilors. Local MLA has also right to caste vote in every meeting . The last election was held on 30-06-2008.

Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Dasuya had a population of 20,118. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. The average literacy rate of 76%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 79% and, female literacy is 73%. In Dasuya, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. Places of interest PLACES IN / AROUND DASUYA CITY Dasuya has a historical significance and it is believed that this town dates back to the great Indian epic Mahabharata. There are many temples belonging to the Pandavas which are still in existence. * Dasuya Cantt. (Unchi bassi) * 'Shiva Temple' (Talab)[1] dug by Pandavas during agatvaas. * Old fort around Imli chowk * Beas River in the west * Garna Sahib Gurudwara (Bodal village), visited by 6th Guru Shri Hargobind Sahib * Kamahi Devi, the temple for Kamakshi Devi in the hills on Dasuya-Sansarpur Road * Pong Dam on Beas River near Talwara, very beautiful views * Mandir Baba Nand Lal, Sahora Dadial near Nangal Ghogra on Dasuya-Hajipur Road. * Gagan Ji da Tilla temple on a hill in Sahora Kandi near Nangal Ghogra on Dasuya-Hajipur Road, visited by the Pandavas during their exile, on the advise of Shri Krishna * Khankhan Odhra NEARBY PLACES IN PUNJAB * Dholbaha (35 km) near Hariana, earth filled dam and a lake which is a home for different species of birds and animals. Archaeological site nearby dating back to Kushana period, ancient temples. * Dera Baba Nanak (80 km): Guru Nanak Ji spent his last days hereby. Many old gurudwaras and others historical monuments nearby such as Kalanaur city (once rated equal to Lahore), place where Akbar was crowned, Ram Das city, Gurudwara Chola Sahib, Indian-Pakistan Border (2-3 km) * Batala (70 km) Kand Sahib Gurdwara related to the marriage of Guru Nanak * Amritsar City (90 km) NEARBY PLACES IN HIMACHAL PRADESH * Baba Balak Nath ji Mandir (Shah Talai, Himachal Pradesh, approx 150 km) * Chintpurni Temple (Himachal Pradesh, 67 km via Talwara) * Jawalaji Temple (Himachal Pradesh, 90 km via Talwara) * Hills Station Nearby:- Dharamshala (150 km), Dalhousie (150 km) Driving Routes Scenic and adventure driving routes Uchi bassi(Dasuya Cantt.) canal road Dasuya Miani Tanda Dasuya

Dasuya Odhra Bagalipur Jalota Balgan Dasuya Dasuya Kamahi Devi Talwara Dasuya Education hub Lack of technical institutes doesnot affect the output from Dasuya colleges and school. The literacy rate of Dasuya is 76%, which is higher than the national standard, which is 59.5%. the male literacy rate of the town is 79% and the female literacy rate is 73%. 'Main colleges in Dasuya are' J C DAV College Dasuya [2] G.T.B.Khalsa College for women Dasuya www.gtbwomendasuya.org Technical Institute: Punjab Technical University's Learning Centre Doaba Institute of I.T and Management www.doaba.org Main Schools in Dasuya are: Dayanand Adarsh Viyalya Dasuya. Affiliated to Punjab board. Govt High School, Kallowal www.ghs-kallowal.co.nr. Affiliated to Punjab board. St Paul's convent School Dasuya. Affiliated to ICSE Guru Nanak Public School. Affiliated to CBSE. DAV Senior Sec.School,Balgan. Affiliated to Punjab board. Kids Complex, Mission road. Sukh Sagar International Public School, Saidowal. Affiliated to CBSE. S.V.J.C.D.A.V. Public School. Affiliated to CBSE. DAV Public School for girls. Affiliated to Punjab board. Cambridge International School Dasuya.Affiliated to CBSE and ICSE. Government Sen.Sec.School Dasuya. Affiliated to Punjab board. Guru Hargobind Public High School Dasuya. There are several small institutes being run in Dasuya and most of them concentrate on Information technology and computer education. Administration Dasuya is divided into 13 administrative Wards. Dasuya on broader terms could be divided into Old town consisting of Kasba, Kaironwali, imli chowk, talab road, Langarpur and Kainthan. This region historically significant and house many ancient buildings (Mahabarat era). New town consisting of Arjuna Avenue, Krishna Colony, College Road, Banta Singh Colony, Moti Nagar and several new residential areas in the outskirts on Miani road, Odhra road, Panwan road, Balgan road, Talwara road and National highway 1A. In addition, several villages in the vicinity of Dasuya are now considered within the city limit. They are Khairabad, Balgan, Bodal, Bersha, Garna Sahib, Odhra, Jalota, Saglan,Panwan, Randhawa and Uchchi Bassi(Dasuya cantt.). Uchchi Bassi(Dasuya cantt.) is a cantonment area of Dasuya and house one of the largest Indian Army ammunition depot in the region.

Villages in Dasuya Abdullapur, Ado Chak, Aglaur, Ajmer, Aki Tunda, Alampur, Alar Pind, Alawal Isa, Ambala (Jattan), Ambwara, Argowal(Malhi's Village), Ashrafpur, Awan Ghore Shah, Babak, Badala Pukhta, Badhaya, Badial, Badla, Bagha, Baghiari, Bagol Kalan, Bagol Khurd, Bahadurpur, Bahla, Bahtiwala, Baich, Baja Chak, Bajwah, Bala, Balala, Balhra, Balla, Ballagan, Bangalipur, Banial, Baranda, Barohi, Basa, Basoya, Bassi Jajal Khan, Beb Nowal, Begpur, Berchha, Bhagaotipur, Bhagian, Bhaini Mirza Khan, Bhains Awan, Bhambowal, Bhana, Bhanowal, Bhatalu, Bhatian, Bhatoli, Bhatoli, Bhattida Pind, Bhekhowal, Bhogia, Bhuchhan, Bhulpur, Bija Bhatoli, Birampur, Biru Chak, Bisso Chak, Bodal, Brarowal, Budhi Pind, Budhu Barkat, Chahal, Chahang Basoya, Chak Alam, Chak Bamun, Chak Kasim, Chak Mehra, Chak Nurali, Chak Phala, Chak Suleman, Chanalta, Chandidass, Chhangial, Chhangla, Chhaurian, Chhaurian, Chipra, Chittowal, Chohak, Chohan, Chotala, Dadial, Daffer, Darapur, Darga Heri, Darya, Dasua (M Cl), Data, Data, Dehriwala, Dehriwala, Dhaddar, Dhadiala, Dhamian Khurd, Dharamkot, Dholia, Dholowal, Dhugga Kalan, Dhurian, Doburji, Dugari, Duggal Dawa Khri, Dulminwal, Dumana, Fatehgarh, Fatehpur, Fatehullapur, Feroze Rolia, Gag Jallo, Gag Sultan, Gahot, Galowal, Galowal, Gambhowal, Gandhowal, Ganga Chak, Gangian, Gardhiwala (M Cl), Garhdiwala, Garjeli, Gazi Bhatoli, Ghaian, Ghanipur Badhan, Ghogra, Ghorewaha, Ghull, Gill, Gilzian, Golara, Gondpur, Gorsian, Granthpur, Gujar Basoya, Haizam, Haler, Hambran, Hamza, Hardo Neknama, Hardo Patti Braich, Hardothala, Harsi Pind, Himmatpur, Ibrahimpur, Ibrahimpur, Jagal, Jaja, Jakowal, Jalal Chak, Jalal Nangal, Jalalpur, Jalota, Jamsher Chathial, Jand, Jandaur, Jandi, Jaura, Jhaj, Jhajji Pind, Jhambowal, Jhans, Jhawan, Jhingar Kalan, Jhingar Khurd, Jhojhar Chathial, Jia Natha, Jia Sahota Kalan, Jia Sahota Khurd, Jio Chak, Jitabaid, Johal, Kadari Chak, Kahlwan, Kaira, Kakoa, Kakrali, Kalajhingar, Kalewal, Kalianpur, Kalowal, Kalowal, Kaloya, Kalra, Kaluwal, Kaluwal Kotla, Kalyanpur, Kamalpur, Kan Dhalian, Kandhala Jattan, Kandhala Sheikhan, Kandhali Naurangpur, Kang, Kathana, Katohar, Kattowal, Kaulian, Kawan, Keharwali, Keshopur, Khakh, Khangwari, Khanpur, Kharl Khurd, Khepar, Khera Kotli, Kherabad, Khiala Balanda, Khokhar, Khokhar, Khokhar, Khokhar Dawa Khri, Khuda, Khun Khun Kalan, Khun Khun Khurd, Khun Khun Sarki, Khurd, Koi, Kolar, Korala Kalan, Korala Khurd, Kotli, Kotli, Kotli, Kotli, Kotli Khurd, Kumpur, Lalewal, Laminpur, Litt, Littar, Lodhi Chak, Ludhiani, Machhian, Madda, Mahal, Mahdipur, Makhowal, Makoowal, Malakpur Bodal, Malhewal, Malhian, Manak, Mand, Manga, Mangarh, Mangat, Manhota, Mannowal, Manpur, Masit Palkot, Mastiwal, Mehar Bhatoli, Mian Ka Pind, Miani, Miani Mewan, Mirpur, Mirzapur, Mohan, Mohkamgarh, Mokh, Morian, Munak, Munak Kalan, Munak Khurd, Munan, Mundian, Muradpur Narial, Musa, Nagre, Nai Chak, Nainowal Baid, Nandewal, Nangal, Nangal, Nangal, Nangal Farid, Nangal Jamal, Nangal Khunga, Naraingarh, Narur, Nathupur, Neknama Sanso, Neknampur, Nihalpur, Nussa, Odhra, Pakhowal, Pander, Pandori, Pandori Araian, Pandori Atwalan, Pandori Malhian, Panwan, Passi Bet, Passi Kandi, Pawen, Pindi Khair, Prompur, Pul Pukhta, Qharpur, Raghowal, Raghwal, Rai Chak, Raipur, Raj Dhan, Raj Palwan, Raja Kalan, Rajpur, Rajpur, Rajpur, Rajpur,

Raju Dawa Khri, Ralhan, Ramdaspur, Rampur, Ramtatwali, Rana, Randhawa, Randian, Rani Pind, Rara, Rasulpur, Rattre, Rawan, Rupowal, Sadarpur, Safdarpur, Saggal, Sagran, Sahu Ka Pind, Saidowal, Saidupur, Sajjan, Sakrala, Salahpur, Salempur, Salempur, Salohar, San Chak, Sanghwal, Sansarpur, Sarain, Sarhala, Sarinpur, Sehge, Sehjowal, Serak, Shahpur, Shehbazpur, Sheikh, Shekhpur Khurd, Shekhupur Kalan, Shink Chathial, Sikri, Sohian, Sud, Sundia, Tahli, Takipur, Talla, Talwandi Dadian, Talwandi Jattan, Talwandi Salhan, Tandial, Terkiana, Thaker, Thakri, Thana, Thiara, Thinda, Toe Makhowal, Tulluwal, Tund, Tur, Unchi Bassi(Dasuya cantt.), Urmar, Urmar Tanda (M Cl), Usman Shahid, Zahura Gardhiwala Gardhiwala is a city and a municipal council in Hoshiarpur district in the state of Punjab, India. Demographics Gardhiwala is situated on GT-Road or Defense Road, 30 kilometers away from the city of Hoshiarpur. As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Gardhiwala had a population of 6263. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Garhdiwala has an average literacy rate of 79%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 83%, and female literacy is 74%.it is famous for producng great soldiers like colonel bachhiter singh sahota who laid down his life fighting militants in kashmir Garhshanker Garhshankar is a city and a municipal council in Hoshiarpur district in the state of Punjab, India. Contents * 1 Etymology o 1.1 Education o 1.2 Festivals o 1.3 Other locations connected * 2 Demographics Etymology The town was founded by Doad king shankar sahai. Hence the name: garh (Home of) shankar (Founders' name).Garhshankar was founded in 1000.AD by Shankar Sahai Doad, that time king.Garhshankar was converted as a Tehsil in the year of 1844 by British Govt. Doad is the surname that belongs to Rajput Caste.Majority of them live in Block number 22 of Garhshankar, especially in the upper villages of Garhshankar popularly known as BEET.In old times this area was under one king ( Shri Tikka Rana Saheb, Eldest son of the King is normally called Shri Tikka Saheb) who controlled all villages from Garhi Mansowal. In 1775, the Tika of The Ghorewahas conquered Garhshankar, killing the Doad King. Later during the reign of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, when he wanted to conquer the sub-mountainous region of Kandi, the Doads of Mansowal sent fifteen horse riders to help Maharaja Ranjit Singh in

order to avenge their massacre by the Ghorewahas. In return, Maharaja granted the Doads the property of the lands of Mansowal. The British Empire also granted the property of eight villages to Doad Rajputs of Mansowal. This information is recorded on page 67 in Final Report of Revised Settlement, Hoshiarpur District, 1877-1884, by J. A. L. Montgomery, published 1885, Calcutta Central Press Co. After the slaughter of Doads at Garh Shankar, five grandsons of the last Doad King survived. The youngest grandson of the last Doad King, who was also killed Korewans, was married to a girl from Ajnoha. During the Garhshankar tragedy, the wife of the youngest prince was at her parents house in Ajnoha because she was expecting a baby. She gave birth to a son. In those days, it was not considered good to keep the son of a daughter in the village. Therefore, when the young prince became an adult in 1800, the villagers of Ajnoha built a house for him in the land of another village, Panchhat. In the course of time, his cousins, the sons of his two uncles, who were homeless until then, finally came to live with him in Panchhat. The son of his third uncle, whose name was Ghamandi, also came to live in with him. The brother of Ghamandi, named Jattu, went to live in Thakarwal. Education Garhshankar is home to a number of educational institutes. A number of schools have recently opened in the city which have provided the students opportunities to have good education. Some of the notable schools are: * Mount Carmel School * SBS National High School * Doaba Public Senior Secondary School * Hans Raj High School * S. D Public School * Government Senior Secondary School * ST. SOLDIER Divine Public School BAM Khalsa College provides a variety of bachelor courses in Commerce, Science and Arts. Festivals In Garhshankar City many festivals and fairs are organized throughout year. Holla Mahalla , Viswkarma Divas , MAHASHIVRATRY & KRISHAN-JANAMASHTAMI are among the most famous festivals celebrated in this historic City. Specially a big MELA has been organized every year near Janamashtmi known as "Raja Kans ka Mela". Raja Kans was uncle of Lord Shri Krishna. Other locations connected Garhshankar is a city, near by the Shivalik Valleys, and having Punjab Himachal border near by. Distance of other notable places from Garhshankar is as given below: * Khatkar Kalan = 18 KM (Birthplace of Shaheed Bhagat Singh) * Hoshiarpur = 40 KM

A photograph of the entrance gate of Khatkar Kalan village, just next to Shaheed-e-Azam Bhagat Singh Museum on Nawanshahar-Banga road * Nangal = 42 KM * Jalandhar = 62.5 KM * Ludhiana = 62.8 KM * Chandigarh = 92 KM * Amritsar = 143 KM * Sadarpur = 4 KM And some religious places: * Shri Anandpur Sahib = 40 KM * Mata Naina Devi = 55 KM * Mata Chinta Purni = 85 KM Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Garhshankar had a population of 15,094. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Garhshankar has an average literacy rate of 73%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 76%, and female literacy is 70%. In Garhshankar, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. Hajipur Geography Hajipur is located at 3159N 7546E / 31.98N 75.76E / 31.98; 75.76.[1] It has an average elevation of 288 metres (944 feet).Farming is the main occupation. It is located alongside the range of Shivalik hills. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Hajipur had a population of 5366. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Hajipur has an average literacy rate of 78%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 81%, and female literacy is 75%. In Hajipur, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. Hariana Hariana is a city and a municipal council in Hoshiarpur district in the Indian state of Punjab. Hariana is named after Guru Hari Sen; the guru of the singer Tansen. It was a famous music gharana once. Gujjar Mal Vasudev raagi & Pandit Telu Ram were singers & residents of hariana. When the mugals entered into India; they made a Quila in a place called Malot nearby Hariana & Hariana was their tehsil at that time. The city has provided a lot of freedom fighters like Pandit Jagat Ram, Lala Lachman Das and Sardar Partap Singh. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 Demographics * 3 Education * 4 Religious and historical factors

Geography Hariana is located at 3138N 7550E / 31.64N 75.84E / 31.64; 75.84.[1] It has an average elevation of 300 metres (984 feet). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Hariana had a population of 7813. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Hariana has an average literacy rate of 76%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 79%, and female literacy is 73%. In Hariana, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. This town is about 100 km from Amritsar International Airport. Education This a center of education for various surrounding villages. GGDSD College is a college which gave educations after independence. Before partition formally it is Hindu National College in Gujrawala (now in Pakistan). After partition with the efforts of great freedom fighter Goswami Ganesh Dutt ji it shifted to small town Hariana. Since then this college is a landmark to provide good education. In these days Dr. Gurdeep sharma is principal of this college and he is running this college successfully. There are many other school listed as below: * Sukhdev Driving Training School, Hariana * Sir Marshal Convent School Janauri Road Bhaliala * D A V Sr Secondary School Shamchourasi Road * Hdn Sr Secondary School * Dayanand Puplic School * Baba Manj Convent School Kanga * Mai Bhagwati Girls Sr Secondary School * Kallar Khalsa Sr Secondary School * S D School * Guru Nanak Dev Educational Trust. Religious and historical factors This is famous for many religious factors. This is place of temples and guruduwaras. Sitla temple is the biggest temple of the town. Gebi Ram Ji Da Mandir, Sita Ram Mandir,Meera Ji Da Baag, Gugga Pir Mandir, Dharam Sabha Mandir, Satya Narayan Mandir, Lakh Data Ji Nkkiwal are the beautiful temples of this area. The Ram Lila is famous of Hariana. At the time of Dushera this is a center of main attraction. People of the different area visit here and see the Ram Leela. Trusts in Hariana * snatan dharamsabha,Hariana * Smriti Janj Ghar Smriti janj ghar Hariana was built by some non-political personalities like late Sh.Brij Mohan pathak, Sh.Balbir kapila, Sh.jagmohan Kapila, Sh.joginderpal Ranghra,Sh.Sham LalSaini, Sh.Avinash Sabherwal, Sh.Onkar Nath, Sh.Boota Ram Ohri, Sh.Rajive Kumar

Sabherwal,Sh.Sanjive Kumar Sabherwal.The trust is dedicated to Late Sh.Muni Lal Sabherwal, Late sh.Rakesh Kumar Maingi,Late Sh.Hira Lal Killed by terrorists near village Bhikhowal. This place has some historical values also. This is the place where sikh king Baba Baghel Singh Ji lived his last days. Baghel Singh (c. 1730 1802) was an important military general in turbulent times of Eighteenth century Punjab. Several dozen Misls had sprung up in countryside, which filled the power vacuum after decline of once formidable Mughal Empire. In March 1776, Baghel Singh's forces were defeated by imperial Army of Mughal emperor, Shah Alam II near Muzaffarnagar. The Sikh forces had joined with those of Zabita Khan to march on Delhi but found the Mughals too strong. Further afield at Panipat, they tried joining battle but after several hours of hard struggle had to sue for peace terms. In late 1778, The Sikhs revolted and defeated the Mughal faujdar of Sirhind, Maulah Ahmad Dad, killing him and driving back Mughal forces. The Sikhs then raided further east all the way up to Delhi whose suburbs were sacked. The red fort was captured by the silk soldiers. The sikhs hoisted their sikh flag, the nishan sahib over red fort. Baghel Singh established an octroi post in Chandni Chowk outside the Red Fort in Mughal capital Delhi in March 1783. Baghel Singh Dhaliwal died around 1802 at Hariana. Famous Arya Samaji leader Mahatma Hans Raj was also born in Hariana. Mai Bahgwati school is the first girls school in whole of United Punjab which includes Indian Punjab, Pakistani Punjab, Himachal and Haryana. Mahilpur Mahilpur is a town and a Nagar Panchayat in Hoshiarpur district in the Indian state Punjab. It is situated on Hoshiarpur Chandigarh Road 23 kilometres (14 mi) from Hoshiarpur. It is famous for the game of football in the region. Contents * 1 Demographics * 2 Schools & Colleges * 3 Industry Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Mahilpur had a population of 10,019. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Mahilpur has an average literacy rate of 77%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 80%, and female literacy is 73%. In Mahilpur, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age. Profession of the most of the persons are agriculture based. Mahilpur is the NRI hub of the Punjab state. Schools & Colleges * Govt, Sr Secondary School, Mahilpur (Boys) * Govt, Sr Secondary School, Mahilpur (Girls) * S.G.G.S. Khalsa College, Mahilpur * Home Overseas Institute, Mahilpur

* Guru Nanak National Public Senior Secondary School, Mahilpur * Doaba Public School, Mahilpur * K.D. School, Mahilpur Industry * Tinab Products, located on Garhshanker Road, is a manufacturer of high quality Temporary Rust and Corrosion Preventives for the Engineering industry. More details at www.tinabproducts.com * Mahip Industries, is a manufacturer of Premium Salt Spray Testing equipment for accelerated corrosion testing of various organic and metallic coatings on OE automobile components, hand tools, aluminium components, etc. More details at www.mahipindustries.com Mukerian Mukerian is a city and a municipal council in Hoshiarpur district in the Indian state of Punjab. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 Demographics * 3 Distance from other cities Geography Mukerian is located at 3157N 7537E / 31.95N 75.62E / 31.95; 75.62 [1]. It has an average elevation of 245 metres (803 feet). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Mukerian city had a population of 321379. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Mukerian has an average literacy rate of 77%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 80%, and female literacy is 74%. In Mukerian, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. It is an industrial hub. Mukerian has some 30 rice mills (including Chajju Ram Muni Lal Rice and General Mills and Ohri Rice Mills) from which almost all the rice is exported to The Middle East and Europe. It is also a main market for the surrounding area. Chajju Ram Muni Lal Rice & Gen and Namdhari rice mill. Mill a well known rice mill esteblished at MUKERIAN CITY. Mukerian is the city for about 150 villages around it. Located on NH-1A , Mukerian is a very harmonious community where people mostly belong to different sects of Sikh and Hindu religion. Youngsters get very good education and Mukerians are spread through out the world. There is a very famous Sikh Gurudwara that was earlier the Fort of Maharaj Ranjit Singh's in-laws known as "Qila Atallgarh". There are many good education centers in Mukerian. Army School in Unchi Bassi is one of the early English medium schools in the district and before the turn of new century was major hub for kids from families in the neighbouring areas. Now there are many good schools in close vicinity of Mukerian, Dashmesh Public School being at forefront of them.

Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi, the school is under management of SGPC and situated 3 km from Mukerian in a village named Chack Alla Baksh. St Augustine School (ICSE affiliated day boarding institute about 6 km from Mukerian) is known for providing a high standard of education and bringing its students to national and international level. This institution has been highly ranked. Victoria International School is one of the most famous schools in Mukerian. Mukerian Hydel Project is the one of the biggest irrigation project in India. The Pong dam across river Beas is about 35 km from Mukerian. Mukerian is located on National Highway 1A and about 450 km north of New Delhi. Mukerian City is a junction for Gurdaspur, Pathankot, Talwara and Jalandhar by road. A "miraculous" famous Lord Shiva temple is in the village of Kathgarh/Mirthal, about 20 km from Mukerian city. There is a natural Shiva ling in the temple. Shiva-Parbati "PINDIES" (the holy stone) get apart in summer & get attached in the winter season. Thousands of devotees come here for worship and prayer. Another famous temple is in the village of Dagan near Mukerian. Mukerian falls under Hoshiarpur parliamentary constituency. Many famous leaders are associated with Mukerian. The late Dr Kewal Krishan, former Speaker in the Punjab Legislative Assembly, was from Mukerian. The Chief Parliament Secretary, Mr Anuresh Shakar, is Mukerian's current representative(MLA) in Punjab Legislative Assembly. The current President of the Municipal Committee of Mukerian is komi jain. Manglesh Kumar (Judge) was one of the former Presidents. Mukerian is renowned for the education system all around the area and the Institution making the honour of the city for good education is SRI GURU GOBIND SINGH EDUCATIONAL TRUST, which is having a great reputation for its education. It has many education institution in the town. Dasmesh Public School, Dasmesh Girls College and Dasmesh Girls College are the institution by SRI GURU GOBING SINGH EDUCATIONAL TRUST. Mukerian is situated near the banks of river Beas due to which it hold a big chunk of a very fertile land which can be harvested 3 to 4 times in a year. Budhabarh, near the river Beas, is largest village of Punjab, BUDHABARH is a Rajput village 18 km from Mukerian City, at the boarder of Punjab and Himachal Pradesh. It is a village of gardens. Every summer litchies, mangoes and alutcha export to different cities of India & all over the world . Anglo Sanskrit School was founded by Hon'ble Philanthropist of the area Hakim Sh.Ram Sharan Ji Dass in year 1914. The institution is located on the Mukerian-Talwara road. It is at a distance of 500 metre from national highway(NH-1) & 1 km from Mukerian Railway station. The institution is providing education to near about 2000 students from First Primary up to Class Twelfth.It is recognised & Government aided institution. It is our pleasure & Honour that Ex-Minister Late Sh. B.N. Makkar , Ex-F.M & Ex-Speaker of Punjab Late Dr.Kewal Krishan have been students of this institution. This school has produced

successful Doctors, Engineers. This School has been renovated by its NRI alumni Hon'ble Dr.Krishan Kant Joshi & his family. The school is providing education in Humanities & Science subjects. Mandeep Singh Student of Tenth Class stood First in Punjab in 2003 and Miss Nitu Uppal Stood First in Punjab in 10+2 class Non-Medical in 2005 . Recently three students of this School Got admission in M.B.B.S. & many more selected in Engineering, Army, Navy, Air Force B.D.S, Police & many other fields. Besides it, there are two degree colleges in the city - S.P.N COLLEGE and DASHMESH GIRLS COLLEGE. Distance from other cities Mukerian is a city, near by the Shivalik Valleys, and having Punjab Himachal border near by. Distance from other cities is as given below:- Jalandhar = 69 KM , Amritsar = 80 KM, Ludhiana = 119 KM, Dharmshala = 125 KM, Chandigarh = 174 KM, Hoshiarpur = 55 KM. Shamchaurasi Shamchaurasi is a city and a municipal council in Hoshiarpur district in the Indian state of Punjab. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Shamchaurasi had a population of 4221. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Shamchaurasi has an average literacy rate of 69%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 75%, and female literacy is 63%. In Shamchaurasi, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age. Talwara Talwara is a census town in Hoshiarpur district in the Indian state of Punjab. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 Demographics * 3 Facts * 4 Description * 5 Attractions * 6 History pages * 7 Location * 8 Education Geography Talwara is located at 3157N 7552E / 31.95N 75.87E / 31.95; 75.87.[1] It has an average elevation of 326 metres (1069 ft). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Talwara had a population of 22,580. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Talwara has an average literacy rate of 80%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 83%, and female literacy is 76%. In Talwara, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. Facts

The first mobile court in Punjab was inaugurated at Talwara by Chief Justice of Punjab and Haryana High Court Vijender Jain and Chief Minister Parkash Singh Badal on October 2, 2007 the birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi. The Rock Garden Talwara was inaugurated on May 16, 2006. Description Talwara is a beautiful modern township in the lap of nature and blessed with very pleasant climate. It gained importance with the starting of construction of the Pong Dam on the Beas River in 1964. Now it is a flourishing township with multi-purpose Project which includes, apart from Pong Dam, the Shah-Nehar Barrage, Shah-Naher Hydel Channel, and various Power Houses. This township was developed to provide accommodation for the Pong Dam workers. Luckily, the architects of this township were also the same who designed the beautiful City of Chandigarh. Talwara is divided roughly into two parts, one is the township area, created and maintained by Bhakra Beas Management Board; other is private area known as Old Talwara comprising Subhash Nagar, Model Town, Indra Colony, Sandpur Mohalla etc and main bazaar. The old one is stereo-type semi-hill town and the modern one is well-planned and is divided into four sectors with underground drainage. Talwara Township area is divided into four sectors following the pattern of Chandigarh. Talwara is a mono-functional town without any industry. Goods are imported usually from other places to meet the daily needs of the residents-mostly employed in Beas Dam or other hydel projects. View of 2 km long Pong Dam The township area is inhabited with people from various parts of Indian States. They are employees of BBMB, Shah Nehar, Mukerian Hydel Project and various other government departments viz education, health, forest, local bodies etc. Attractions Talwara is situated on the banks of the river Beas and is surrounded with beautiful Shiwalik hills. Surrounded by a river and hills Talwara is a place once having dense forests. Those forests are still visible in its two forest ranges. Talwara is known for world famous Pong Dam, fresh water lakes and its salubrious surroundings and other many natural and religious attractions. Hindu Goddess Chintapurni Temple is also near to Talwara. Maharana Pratap Sagar lake, 42-km-long lake is just 8 km away from township. The lake is famous for water sports and bird sanctuary. 52 Gates Barrage made on river beas in Talwara Pong Dam, an earth cum rockfill dam is the highest of its kind in the country. It comprises five tunnels and a power house with an installed capacity of 240 MW (4 units each of 60 M W) in the first instance and 2 more units each of 60 MW at a later state. At present it is under the control of the Beas Project Power Wing. The township itself is well planned and beautiful. The Shah-Nehar-Barrage is constructed at the down stream of Pong Dam situated at the River Beas . The Barrage has 50 gates ( but

known as '52 Gates ') and thus a huge artificial lake of holding capacity of 3,404 acres (13.78 km2) feet has been created which feeds the Mukerian Hydel Channel. Rock garden created by Nek Chand (creator of Rock Garden, Chandigarh) of the Talwara has proved to be a major tourist attraction. Many Herbal Garden have been created on wasteland of BBMB at Talwara . There is an old Shiv temple in village Sri Pandain near Talwara Township. It is said to have been constructed by the Pandavas. There is also a typical well, near the temple said to be constructed by the Pandavas. One has to go 50 steps down to fetch water from this well. The well is still in use. A mela is held at the temple annually on Shivratri Day and is visited by a large number of people. Just around 2 km from here there is very famous temple of Shri Baba Dyalu Ji Maharaj. People have a lot of faith in this. Every year there is one very Big Mela arranged there. The Management which manages this darwar is very true to their work and in last three to four years they did so much construction for the Darwar that it has become the white marble Darwar. In About 7-8 Miles Radius many prehistoric and religious shrines can be visited such as Seat Of his holiness Baba lal Dyal ji maharaj at datar pur, Ghati tample etc. Being very peaceful demographies Talwara has often attracted many saints in and around, those blessed this little town in in great Himalayan foothills as their Tapobhumi. Nearly about45km towards Shiwalik hills there is a temple of Hidimba devi wife bhim of "mahabharta" located in village dhar of dharwall gotra. gurnam dharwall. History pages Talwara as a fort: The peace of the Punjab was disturbed by an adventured, who appeared at Bajwara and pretended to be Sarang Khan from multan in 1396, a little before Taimurs invasion. There was a big rising at Bajwara. Sarang Khan was pursued, but he escaped to the Shiwalik Hills. At Timurs death in 1405 AD. Jasrat Gakhar (however the majority of historians consider jasrat to have been a Khokhar[3]), ruler of Gakhar (or Khokhar) Dynasty regained his freedom, returned to the Punjab and reestablished the Gakhar state. Meanwhile Timur's governor Khizr Khan seized the Delhi Sutanate for himself. Khizr Khans son, Mubarak Shah, spent much of his reign trying to defend Delhi against the Gakhar ruler Jasrat who was growing stronger. Around AD 1420. Jasrat defeated the army of Kashmir. When Mubarak Shah reached Samana in July 1421, he heard that Jasrat Gakhars had raised the siege of Sirhind and had returned to Ludhiana. Mubarak Shah advanced to Ludhiana in the second half of September and found that Jasrat had abandoned the side of river Satluj. After the rains had ceased, Mubarak Shah also crossed the river a little higher up. Jasrat hastened back to his strongest fort at Talwara. Mubarak Shah followed him and with the help of Raja Bhim of Jammu captured the Talwara fort and razed it, but not before Jasrat had escaped further into the mountains. AD1520-1525 During these years, the Punjab remained disturbed, when Babar, the first Mughal Emperor, started his expeditions against Hindustan. Babar crossed the river Beas opposite Kahnuwan and encamped at the mouth of

the Valley of the Shiwalik Hills in which lies the Fort of Malout. Babar took the fort and made Daulat Khan prisoner. Babar marched via Bajwara, Rupnagar, Sirhind and Sunam on way to Delhi. 1530-1556 In 1555, on arriving at Kalanaur in the Gurdaspur District from Lahore, Humayun despatched a strong body of troops under Bairam Khan and Tardi Beg to attack Nasib Khan, the Afghan General, who lay encamped at Panj Bhain near Hariana in the Hoshiarpur District . Bairam Khan pushed on to Hariana, which after a slight skirmish was surrendered by Nasib Khan. Bairam Khan marched to Jalandhar from Hariana via Sham Chaurasi where the afghans had taken up position.e. On 17 December 1557, the imperial forces advanced through Jalandhar to the Shiwalik Hills and encamped at Dasua in the Hoshiarpur District and moved further to Nurpur. The hill Rajas, who had sided with Sikandar Sur, deserted him and submitted to Akbar. After Bairam Khan was defeated by the imperial forces at Gunachaur, he went to Talwara, the capital of Raja Ganesh. There was a great battle fought between the imperialist and Bairam Khans troops. The royal troops besieged the fortress at Talwara. Bairam Khan after a brief resistance surrendered at Hajipur in October 1560 and threw himself at the mercy of the Emperor Akbar. He was pardoned by the emperor at Hariana and thereafter, he left for Mecca. After that we don't find any evidence of Talwara and its Fort in History. Then Talwara again came into sight in 1960's with the BBMBs Pong Dam project and construction of Talwara township. According to Punjab revenue records, one Talu of Awan Caste owned the land and after his name the village was known as Talwara or Talwara. He died issueless and the village was deserted. Subsequently, a Raja brought certain persons from villages Namoli of Namol got. One Rajput of Jaryal got came and settled in village Budhawar tahsil Dasuya. He married away his daughter to Raja Kamand Chand of Datarpur. The area around Talwara was given by Raja as a jagir to his Rani. She carved out certain areas from the adjoining villages. On account of this, talwara was also known as Barapind. It was also cynically called as Chandarpind as it was the place for which the adjoining chiefs constantly fought. Talwara township was born in 1964. Location Talwara is approachable by road only. The work on Talwara-Nangal rail link is under construction from few decades now but still a long way to go. Rail link between Mukerian and Talwara township has been removed by the project authorities after completion of the dam. Talwara town is in MUKERIAN City The closest railway stations are:Mukerian- 25 km Dasuya- 32 km Distance from the main cities:Distance from New Delhi:- 440 km Distance from Chandigarh:- 190 km Distance from Amritsar:- 110 km

Distance from Pathankot:- 55 km Distance from Una:- 75 km Distance from Hoshiarpur:- 84 km Distance from Jalandhar:- 100 km Distance from Nangal:- 90 km Distance from Mukerian:- 25 km Education Major educational institutions of Talwara BBMB DAV Public School Sec 2 Govt. Sr. Sec. School Sector 1.. APRAJITA intl. co-ed school to be soon afftd. to C.B.S.E (BHATER) 3.5 km from Talwara Govt. Girls Sen. Sec. School Sector 3 Dr. Amit Bhalla and Dr. Kumud Bhalla studied at this school. Govt. Model High School Sector 2 Sri Guru Harkishan Public School Sec 2 Shivalik school Vashisht Bharti School Public High School Old Talwara Govt. Arts and Science College Talwara I. T. I. Talwara Urmar Tanda Urmar Tanda is a city and municipal council in Hoshiarpur district, Punjab, India. Demographics In the 2001 Indian census,[1] Urmar Tanda had a population of 22,115. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Urmar Tanda has an average literacy rate of 74%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 77%, and female literacy is 71%. In Urmar Tanda, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. Urmar Tanda lies on the National Highway 1A from Jalandhar to Srinagar, in the northern part of the country in the State of Punjab. Since olden times it consisted of four kasbas viz: Urmar, Tanda, AhiyaPur & Darapur. However, due to recent expansion of the area some new mohallas like Dashmesh Nagar and Lahorian Mohalla have been added to the urban area. All these are under the jurisdiction of Local Municipal Corporation. There is sub Tehsil Office in Tanda which falls under the District Magistrate of HoshiarPur which is about 22 km. The Chandigarh - HoshiarPur - Urmar Tanda - SriHargobindpur - Amrtisar Highway, startegic route passes though it. The city has a Police Station, Government Hospital and about ten private Nursing Homes/Clinics, three Post Offices, BSNL Telephone Exchange, PSEB sub station; one of the oldest Railway Station on the UdhamPur - Jalandhar-New Delhi-Kanya Kumari strategic Railway route of the country and a Bus terminal. It has a large number of shops and

restaurants to cater for the local food, fast foods and the daily and personal needs of the neighbouring 40-50 villages. It has one Fresh vegetable market near the police station and wholesale Vegetable Sabzi Mandi on the national highway. There is small highground in the middle of the city called "Shimla Pahari" where the old Ramlila Mela used to be held and was converted to a park by Mr Baldev Mitter Bijli, eminent citizen. Now it is a common sight in this park to see people running yoga programs on a regular basis. Ahiyapur, which also falls under the local municipality has an old religious temple known as Gaddi Baba Puran Gir. There is a annual celebration of Gugga Navmi( the day after Sri Krishan Janamashtami) and the people from the surrounding areas and of all communities come together to celebrate this festival. Holy Sharine Of Hazrat Hassan Muhammad Gunjh Bakhsh Jhangi Walay Son of Ameer Muneer Teerandaaz Hazrat Khawaja Bakhat Jamal Jhangi walay Tehsil Batala Distt Gurdaspur.. Events in the city Tanda celebrates annual events like Diwali, Deshehra, Holi,Tarksheel Mela, Seminer by Tarksheel Society Punjab (Regd.) Unit Tanda Birthdays of Guru's, and also local events such as Salana Ikotri Samelan (annual holy meeting) or Ram Leela (dramatic show of holy Ramain), Mela Baaba Zahira Peer (an annual festival at a holy place), Mela Baba Boota Bhagat (an annual holy fair) and Vaisakhi Mela (a harvesting feast held near the city). More than ten public Jagrans are held around the city in one calendar year, all run by public donation at public places.Eye Camp, Blood Donation Camp, 24hour Ambulance service, Free medical Mobile Service & other Free donation Camp by Bhai Ghaniya Charitabnle Trust.There are Different Social clubs like Rotary club,Lions club and City club in the city. Banks State Bank Of India, Punjab National Bank, Punjab and Sind Bank, Canara Bank, HDFC Bank. Educational Institutions GKS Govt College; Governament Senior Secondary School; Governament Girls Senior Secondary School; DAV School. Daulatpur Daulatpur is a census town in Hoshiarpur district in the state of Punjab, India. Geography Daulatpur is located at 3148N 7559E / 31.8N 75.98E / 31.8; 75.98[1]. It has an average elevation of 521 metres (1709 feet). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[2], Daulatpur had a population of 4544. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Daulatpur has an average literacy rate of 74%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 78% and, female literacy is 70%. In Daulatpur, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Jalandhar district Jalandhar district (Punjabi: , Hindi: Jalandhar Zil) is one of the

twenty districts in the state of Punjab in North-West India. The capital is Jalandhar City. Nawanshahr district excluding the Balachaur sub-division was part of the original Jalandhar district until the mid-1990s when a separate district of Nawanshahr was created including Nawanshahr and Banga areas of Jalandhar district and Balachaur area of Hoshiarpur district. The district has an area of 2,632 km2 and a population of 1,962,700 inhabitants (2001). Contents * 1 Geography * 2 Administration * 3 History Geography It occupies the southern part of the doab called Bist Jullundur, i.e. the country between the Beas River and the Sutlej; this great river forms its southern boundary, the Beas is west, the center (north) is an enclave of District Kaphurtala derived from a territory that was the Maharajas. Administration 5 tehsils: Jalandhar I Jalandhar II Nakodar Phillaur Shakot There are also four subtehsils (Adampur, Bhogpur, Kartarpur, and Goryan Nurmahal), 10 development blocks (East Jalandhar, Jalandhar West Bhogpur, Adampur, Nakodar, Shahkot, Phillaur, Nurmahal, and Rurka Lohian Kalani), 11 cities and 954 villages. The District Nawanshahr was part of Jalandhar district until September 1, 1997 when it was separated, being formed by the subdivision of Balachaur District from Hoshiarpur, and Nawanshahr and Banga areas of Jalandhar History The first time the country is mentioned in a story about a Buddhist council at Kuvana near Jalandhar in the beginning of the Christian era, sponsored by Kanishka. Six Buddhist Councils were said to be held at Jalandhar in the fourth century and have established Buddha as God. According to the Chinese pilgrim Fa Hien, who traveled India between 399 and 411, there were many Buddhist places (viharas obviously) (about 50) and Buddhism was practiced by many people.

Hiuen Tsang visited the area in the seventh century when Jalandhar was the capital of the Rajput kingdom of Trigarta which was integrated into the modern districts of Jalandhar, Nawanshahr, Hoshiarpur and Kangra and native states Chamba, Mandi and Suket; Harshavardhana then reigned in India, And the kingdom of Jalandhar was headed by his Trigarta feudatory Utito Raja (whom Alexander Cunningham identifies with the Rajput Raja Attar Chand dynasty of Katoch. According to Hiuen the kingdom extended some 270 km from west to east and about 215, north to south, Jalandhar was a big city and capital of the kingdom of the Katoch dynasty. The Katoch maintained their control over the region with few interruptions until Lal Sefle XII, with his capital in Jalandhar, and Kangra as a fortress. Rajatarangini the end of the ninth century mentions the defeat of Prithwi Chandra, Raja of Trigarta at the hands of Chandra Sankara Kashmir. Between the eighth and tenth century it was the center of the great Nath movement, one member of which was the chief saint Jalandhar Nath. At the end of the tenth century until 1019 the territory was in the hands of Shahi Punjab. In 1088 (Or 1188) the city was conquered by Ghaznevid Sultan Ibrahim ben Massoud, (or Ibrahim Shah Ghur), and it seems that it later became under Muslim rule generally dependent on the province Lahore within Delhi Sultanate. During the Sayyid dynasty (1414 1451) Delhi's authority waned and the area was theater of numerous rebel movements and especially the head Khokhar Jasrath. In Jalandhar Mughal forces were concentrated in 1555 when Humayun returned to deliver the battle that allowed him to regain the throne and the kingdom in the vicinity saw the defeat of the forces of Bairam Khan at the hands of the imperial forces in 1560. Under Akbar the Great I it was the center of a Sarkar. Adina Beg, the last and most famous rulers of Jalandhar played a prominent role in the end of Muslim rule in Punjab, oscillating between the emperor of Delhi, the Sikhs and Ahmad Shah Durrani. The latter sacked Nurmahal and Kartarpur and Sikhs in revenge burned in Jalandhar in 1757. In 1758 the Maharaja Ghamand Chand of the Katoch dynasty was named Nizam of Jalandhar by Ahmad Shah Durrani. The Sikh rebellion against the Mughals found much support in the district and a small number of leaders soon established themselves by force of arms along with independent sovereigns throughout the doab The 1766 Jalandhar city fell into the hands of the misl of Faizullahpuria, led by Khushal Singh. His son and successor Budha Singh, built a fortress in the city, other Sikh leaders built forts on the outskirts of the city. Phillaur was occupied by Budha Singh and became the capital of a very important state. The Muslim Rajputs of Nakodar (who held this city and county as jagir from Jahangir) were expelled by Sardar Tara Singh Ghaiba, who built a fort and became the owner of the land around, while in the south Ranjit Singh was consolidating his power and took Phillaur in 1807 and made the Seraglio into a fort dominating the Sutlej. In 1811 Dewan Mokham Chand was sent to annex the domain of the Faizullahpuria confederation in the doab of Jalandhar. Budha Singh fled across the Sutlej and although his forces tried to resist the army Ranjit Singh it ended up winning in the fall of that year. In 1816 Ranjit Singh

took Sardara Nakodar; the small gentry were gradually expelled, the whole country passing under direct control of the governor sent by the court of Lahore. Sikh administration was tough, with heavy taxes, especially under Shaikh Ghulam Muhi-ud-din, the last appointed official in the area, who had a tyrannical government and claimed regular and irregular rates. He entrusted the land to his son Imamud-din, but usually neither father nor son had lived in the district, commissioning work to lieutenants, the best-known being Sandhe Khan in Hoshiarpur and Karim Bakhsh in Jullundur (Jalandhar). At the end of First Sikh War (1846) the territory was annexed by the British by the treaty of Lahore, March 9, 1846. Sir John Lawrence was appointed as first Commissioner of the Trans Sutlej states. For two years they depended on the general government, and from 1848 on the resident of Lahore; after the annexation of the Punjab 1849, on the Governor of the province based in Amritsar. Initially (1849) the districts of Jalandhar, Hoshiarpur and Kangra were created. Jalandhar had 3424 km2 (1881) and 3706 km2 (1901). Phillaur was established as a store of artillery and a major headquarters was established in Nakodar. The first was abandoned 1857 and the second 1854. In 1857 troops in Jalandhar and Phillaur mutinied and joined the rebels in Delhi. Raja Randhir Singh Kapurthala loyally served the British troops and used his influence to preserve peace in the doab. The population under British rule: 1868: 794 418 1881: 789 555 1891: 907 583 1901: 917 587 Divided into four tehsils: Jullundur, Nawashahr, Phillaur, Nakodar, The tehsil of Jalandhar or Jullundur measuring 1013 km2 with a population of 305,976 inhabitants in 1901 (295,301 in 1881) and 409 villages. The main cities were Jullundur, the capital with 67,735 inhabitants in 1901, and the municipalities of Kartarpur, Alawalpur, Phillaur, Nurmahal, Rahon, Nawashahr, Banga and Nakodar. 45% were Muslims, 40% Sikhs and 14% Hindus. The main language was Punjabi. The main Tribe are Jatt (20%). Important Jatt Clans of Jalandhar District are Chahal, Khangura, Bains, Sangha, Gill, Sidhu, Sandhu, Dosanjh, Cheema, Goraya, Maan, Deo, Deol, Virk, Rai, Lidhar, Hayer, Malhi, Mahal, Mahil, Grewal, Johal, Aulakh, Waraich, Bajwa, Lalli, Hanjra, Basra, Bassi, Bhullar, Bhangu, Bal, Sahota, Sohal, Samra, Dhaliwal, Dhariwal, Sanghera, Dhillon, Mangat, Ghumman, Dhindsa, Chhina, Kang, Bath, Kahloon, Garcha, Randhawa, Brar, Purewal, Nijjar, Tarar, Atwal, Dhammi, Khaira, Dhesi The most important places are the remains of the tombs in Nakodar and the Seraglio of Nur Jahan in Nurmahal. Jalandhar (Punjabi: , Hindi: About this sound (helpinfo)) is a city in Jalandhar

District in the state of Punjab, India. It is located 144 km northwest of the state capital,

Chandigarh. In Hindu mythology, Jalandhara was the eponymous kingdom of a devil in Satyuga. It was also known as Prasthala at the time of the Mahabharta and as Jullundur in British times. Contents * 1 History * 2 Geography * 3 Economy * 4 Demographics * 5 Media * 6 Education * 7 Jalandhar Cantonment * 8 Notable persons * 9 Villages around Jalandhar History Lush greenery after a shower BMC Chowk Jalandhar and Multan are the oldest surviving cities of the Punjab region, with historical references as far back as A.D. 100.[2] The Jalandhar Doab (the region surrounding the city between the Beas and Sutlej rivers) also marked the easternmost territory of the empire of Alexander the Great. He erected giant altars in this area to mark the eastern most extent of his empire and also founded a city named Alexandria in the vicinity and left many Macedonian veterans there. In the 7th century, when the famous Chinese traveller and pilgrim Hiuen Tsang visited India during the reign of Harsha Vardhana, the Kingdom of Jalandhara or Trigarta was under the rule of Raja Utito (whom Alexander Cunningham identifies with the Rajput Raja Attar Chand of the Katoch dynasty). The kingdom was said to have extended 167 miles (269 km) from east to west and 133 miles (214 km) from north to south, thus including the hill states of Chamba, Mandi and Suket (Himachal Pradesh) and Satadru or Sirhind in the plains. The city proper of Jalandhar was, when visited by Hiuen Tsiang, a large city, miles in circuit, and functioned as the capital of a Rajput kingdom.[3] Raja Utito was a tributary of Harsh Vardhana. The Rajput Rajas appear to have continued to rule over the country right up to the 12th century, with occasional interruptions, but their capital was Jalandhar and Kangra formed an important stronghold. According to the Chinese pilgrim Fa Hien, who traveled India between 399 and 411 C.E., there were a great many Viharas of Buddhism in India. In the Jalandhar Doab, there were as many as 50 Viharas of Buddhism. The Buddhist religion was adopted by a large number of people. As per some historians and scholars the fourth Buddhist Council out of total six Buddhist Councils took place in Jalandhar in the first century AD during the reign of King

Kanishka. The fourth council of Mahayana Buddhism took place here, and placed Buddha as a God at the council.[4] Jalandhar became the seat of Nath movement from 8th to 10th century AD, one of its greatest saint was Jalandhar Nath, whose samadhi later became the site of the existing shrine of Imam Nasir-ud-din Chishti in the fifteenth century.[5] From the later half of the tenth century up to AD 1019, the district was included in the Shahi Kingdom of the Punjab and Jalandhar was an important city in the region. In about 1188 it fell to the control of Ibrahim Shah of Ghor.[2] Under the Mughals Jalandhar was the capital of a sarkar.[3] In 1758 Maharaja Ghamand Chand of the Katoch dynasty was made the (first ever Rajput) Nizam of Jalandhar by the Durranis. Many Rajputs lived in and around the surrounding areas of Jalandhar before the partition in 1947. With the partition of the country, many like the Manj and Rawal Rajputs went to settle in the Pakistan side of the Punjab, whilst some went to other countries. Jalandhar was captured by the Sikhs in 1757[citation needed] and captured by the Faizullahpuria confederacy in 1766. Ranjit Singh annexed it in 1811, and in 1846 Jalandhar became the headquarters of the territory acquired by the British after the first First AngloSikh Wars.[3] During British rule Jalandhar became the headquarters, of the Division and District of the same name.During 1939 to 1945 C.M. Ormerod was the Deputy Commissioner of Jalandhar district. He was in charge of Land Revenue department and chairman of District Board to administer Roads, Hospitals, and schools in the four subdivision of Jalandhar district, namely Jalandhar, Nakodar, Philaur, and Nawanshahr. District Board was composed of committee mebers nominated by DC from each subdivision. The secretary of District Board was Sardar Narinder Singh from village Shankar and popular members were Sardar Santa Singh Zaildar from Jalandhar subdivision and Sardar Gurbachan Singh Zaildar from village Garhpadhana subdivision Nawanshahr. The last commissioner of Jalandhar in 1949 was Mr Fletcher before an Indian national took over this position. According to the 1901 census, the population of the town was 67,535 of whom 14,715 were Hindus, 40,081 Muslim, 901 Sikhs, and 1,543 Christians.[3] In 1947 with the independence and partition of India the Muslim population left for Pakistan while Hindus and Sikhs arrived from the other direction.[6] Geography The city has a humid subtropical climate with cool winters and hot summers. Summers last from April to June and winters from November to February. Temperatures in the summer vary from average highs of around 48 C (118 F) to average lows of around 25 C (77 F). Winter temperatures vary from highs of 19 C (66 F) to lows of 5 C (23.0 F). The climate is dry on the whole, except during the brief southwest monsoon season during July and August. The average annual rainfall is about 70 cm. Economy People take an active part in the city's public celebrations.

Jalandhar Bus Stand Jalandhar has numerous hospitals, including Mahajan Eye Hospital, Thind Eye Hospital, Patel Hospital, Tagore Hospital, Oxford Hospital, Pruthi Hospital, Guru Nanak Mission Hospital, Ruby Hospital, and Ghai Hospital. Although each hospital has its own identity, Mahajan Eye Hospital and Thind Eye Hospital are on the world map for their Lasik treatments. Jalandhar is also the world's biggest manufacturer of leather tool pouches and aprons; major American and European customers buy from factories in Jalandhar. It is the biggest supplier of sports material in the country. Jalandhar was a hub of the Gandhi government's green revolution of India in the early 1960s. Dr. Dilbag Singh Athwal, a renowned scientist in plant breeding, developed India's first high-yield wheat, Kalyan. The wheat he named after his native village Kalyanpur, 6 miles (9.7 km) southwest of Jalandhar. Later, Dr. Athwal headed the International Rice Research Institute and the International Agricultural Development Service. Dr. Athwal took early retirement from his position as senior vice president Rockefeller Institute. The village Kalyanpur (now part of Jalandhar) has produced prominent scientists including Dr. Raghbir Singh, Dr. Rajbir Kaur, and Dr. Iqbal Singh Athwal. Jalandhar also has an electrical goods industry. Manufacturers like Hazel India, Standard Switchgears and Apex Electricals are located in Jalandhar. An international sports market is situated in Jalandhar. Major sports brands such as BAS Vampire, Bhaseen's Baspo, JJ Jonex, and Syndicate Sports come from this part of the world. Jalandhar is also known for thrust bearings and ball bearings; brands such as BKE, IBI and KKK belong to the city. Demographics The first language of most people in the city is Punjabi. The World Panjabi Meeting in 2007 was held in Jalandhar, and attendees noted the Panjabi language was losing its viability.[7] However, many in the Panjab exhibit linguistic pride, and some scholars have opinion that Panjabi may actually be gaining popularity as an indigenous medium of decolonization.[8] Since English is taught in Jalandhar schools from the first grade, it has been gaining in popularity in the city as well, and there has been an explosion in English language education in the state.[9] According to the 1991 census, the predominant religions of Jalandhar city are Hinduism (54.54%) and Sikhism (45.46%). Other religions make up around 2.17% of the population. The city is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Jullundur. Media The city serves as the region's headquarters for newspapers, national television and radio stations. * Daily Nawan Zamana * Rozana Ajit (Daily Ajit) * Akali Patrika * Amar Ujala

* Dainik Jagran * Dainik Bhaskar * Punjab Kesari * Jagbani * Hind Samachar (Urdu) * Doaba Headlines * Hindustan Times * The Tribune Local radio stations include: * Radio Mantra 91.9FM * Radio Mirchi 98.3FM * 94.3 My fm * BIG FM 92.7 * All India Radio 102.7FM Education Main article: List of educational institutions in Punjab Jalandhar city has a big book market where a variety of books can be bought or sold. This market area is known as Main Hira Gate or Adda Tanda Road. Modern Book Depot, Subhash Book Depot and Gupta Book Depot are some of the oldest bookshops. Jalandhar Cantonment Vajra Go Karting, which is also open to civilians, is a big attraction. Cantonment (also called Cantt) is dotted with buildings dating back to British era. The community gets together at markets, amusement parks, etc., especially on weekends. Construction on Jalandhar Cantonment began in 1848. It is notable not only for its age, as it among the oldest cantonments in the country, but also for its proximity to Pakistan. It figured in the 1920 Connaught Rangers mutiny when Irish soldiers replaced the Union Flag with the Irish Republic's flag.[10] Notable persons * Hafeez Jullundhri, writer, poet, composer of the National Anthem of Pakistan * General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, ex-Chief of Army Staff, Chief Martial Law Administrator and President of Pakistan. * Bashir al-Najafi al-Jalandhari, one of the few grand ayatollahs of the Iraqi Shias * Diwan Bhai Abdul Hamid, chief minister of the princely state of Kapurthala * Lawrence Durrell, writer, born in Jalandhar * Harjinder Singh Dilgeer, National Professor of Sikh History, former Director Sikh History Research Board, born in Jalandhar; author of 60+ books, including the Encyclopedia of Jalandhar * Ujjal Dosanjh, former Canadian health minister and Premier of British Columbia, born in Dosanjh Kalan, educated in Jalandhar

* Bapu Sarup Singh, freedom fighter and ex-minister of the Punjab government * Kundan Lal Saigal, Bollywood actor and singer * Baba Kashmira Singh, religious leader * Jagjit Singh, ghazal singer who studied in DAV College, Jalandhar, where his room is still preserved * The Great Khali (Dalip Singh Rana), professional wrestler with World Wrestling Entertainment * Yash Chopra, Bollywood director and writer * Paul Nischal, first Indian candidate for the Conservative Party (UK) * Hans Raj Hans, Punjabi singer * Swraj Paul, first Indian member of the British House of Lords * Remi Clair, also known as Remi Kaler, Canadian Actor * Ranbir Singh Kanwar, director of Sugarcane Research Station who revolutionized sugarcane research during the green revolution * Kartar Singh, wrestler * Gurmit Singh, from Sansarpur,olympian hockey player, team mate of Dhyan Chand legend * Balbir Singh, Sr., Olympian, hockey player * Gurdev Singh Kullar, Olympian, hockey player, originally from Sansarpur * Darshan Singh, Olympian, hockey player, originally from Sansarpur * Ajit Pal Singh, Olympian, hockey player * Surjit Singh, Olympian, hockey player * Pargat Singh, Olympian, hockey player * Udham Singh, Olympian, hockey player village Sansarpur * Dharam Singh Uppal, international athlete * Inder Kumar Gujral, former Prime Minister of India * Sardar Swaran Singh, Home Minister of India during the 1960s * Harbhajan Singh, member of Indian national cricket team * Lala Amarnath, famous Indian cricketer * Chaudhry Muhammad Ali, fourth Prime Minister of Pakistan * Swami Shraddhanand, educationist and Arya Samaj missionary * Wazir Ali, prominent figure in early Indian cricket * Sukhbir, Bhangra singer * Arun Shourie, journalist, author and politician * Sheikh Anwarul Haq, ninth Chief Justice of Pakistan * Karan Kundra, TV actor * Amrish Puri, film actor and a theater personality * Pirzada Muhammad Hasan Shah, Dewan of Baoni and Charkhari States * Pirzada Amir Hasan Shah, Dewan of Kurwai State

Villages around Jalandhar Sansarpur, Jamsher Khas, Talhan, Salempur Masanda, Parasrampur, Gillaan, Gakhal and Kukar Pind Jalandhar Cantonment Jalandhar Cantonment is a cantonment town in Jalandhar District in the Indian state of Punjab. It is one of the oldest cantonments in India, the construction of which was started in 1848 after the first Anglo-Sikh War, when the British settled in Northern India. The original scope of this cantonment was limited to troops to quell disturbances from adjoining States for the maintenance of peace and order. In 1920 the cantonment was the scene of mutiny by Irish soldiers, who took down the Union Flag and replaced it by the flag of the Irish Republic, proclaimed at the time in Dublin (See The Connaught Rangers#Mutiny in India, 1920). Vajra Go Karting which is open to civilians also, is a big attraction Jalandhar Cantonment Cantonment is dotted with buildings dating back to British era The departure of British from India and subsequent partition of the country changed the complexion of the Cantonment. It has gained tremendous importance on account of its nearness to the border with Pakistan. The Cantonment is located between latitude 30 18' and longitude 75 37' on the southwest and at a distance of 2 km from Cantonment Railway Station and 5 km from City Railway Station. It is situated beside Grand Trunk Road at a distance of 89 km from Amritsar and 371 km from Delhi. It covers an area of 5.87 square miles (15.2 km). It is on Amritsar-Delhi Broad Gauge Main Line. A Class-I airfield at Adampur is situated at a distance of 19 km. The airfield is linked with Jalandhar Cantonment by rail and road. It has a Recruiting Office located on Kothi #1. This Recruiting Office was responsible for enlisting the soldiers for Army, Navy and Air Force. The first Recruiting Officer who held this post until 1952 was Col. Dilbagh Singh Minhas of Jallandhar Doab. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Jalandhar Cantonment had a population of 40,521. Males constitute 59% of the population and females 41%. Jalandhar Cantonment has an average literacy rate of 81%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 85%, and female literacy is 75%. In Jalandhar Cantonment, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age. Adampur Doaba Adampur Doaba (Punjabi: , Hindi: ) is a city and a municipal

council in Jalandhar district in the Indian state of Punjab. Contents * 1 Geography

* 2 Education * 3 Demographics Geography Adampur Doaba is located at 3126N 7543E / 31.43N 75.72E / 31.43; 75.72.[1] It has an average elevation of 233 metres (764 feet). The nearest hill station is Dharamshala which is the headquarters of the Dalai Lama. Another noteworthy hill-station around Adampur is McLeodganj. The airforce base at Adampur Doaba is the second largest in India. There is also a Khadi Bhandar innagurated by Mahatma Gandhi Education There are many popular schools and colleges in Adampur, out of which Saint Antony's Convent School is the most prominent one. Others include Ramgarhia Girls College, R S Public School, Ashoka Balfulwadi School, S D Public School, Govt. Girls High School Govt. High School (Co Education),SD Public School,Kendriya Vidyalaya No 1 & 2( in Air Force Station)and many more. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Adampur had a population of 16,620. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Adampur has an average literacy rate of 76%, higher than the national average of 59.5%. 12% of the population is under 6 years of age. Sarabjit Singh Makkar is the MLA from Adampur. The town has a humid subtropical climate with hot summers and cool winters. Summer last from April to June and winter from November to February. Temperatures in summer vary from average highs of around 47 degrees Celsius to average lows of around 25 degrees Celsius. Winter temperatures vary from highs of 19 degrees Celsius to lows of -6 degrees Celsius. The climate is on the whole dry except during the brief south-west monsoon season during July-August. The average annual rainfall is about 72 cm. Alawalpur Alawalpur (Punjabi: , Hindi: ) is a city and a municipal council in

Jalandhar district in the state of Punjab, India. Alawalpur is named after Alawal Khan, a Pathan who ruled the area during the time of Maharajah Ranjit Singh. Sardar Himmat Singh Jallewalia, a General in Ranjit Singh's army later conquered Alawalpur. His descendants still live in a fort that is located in the middle of the city. Geography Alawalpur is located at 3126N 7539E / 31.43N 75.65E / 31.43; 75.65.[1] It has an average elevation of 232 metres (761 feet). Alawalpur is mainly surrounded by agricultural land. Many people make their living from farming. Wheat, rice, sugarcane, sunflower, maze, potato are some of the major crops in the Alawalpur area. Demographics

As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Alawalpur had a population of 7172. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Alawalpur has an average literacy rate of 73%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 55% of the males and 45% of females literate. 12% of the population is under 6 years of age. Bhogpur Bhogpur is a town and a nagar panchayat in Jalandhar district in the state of Punjab, India. Geography Bhogpur is located at 3133N 7538E / 31.55N 75.63E / 31.55; 75.63.[1] It has an average elevation of 232 metres (761 feet). It is about 25 kilometres from Jalandhar City on National Highway NH1A to Srinagar. The town is also known as Bhogpur Sirwal. An interesting thing about Bhogpur is that India's first sugar mill was established here. and here is a historical place near bhogpur called shri nandachaur dham people must see this place Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Bhogpur had a population of 13,893. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Bhogpur has an average literacy rate of 75%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 79% and female literacy of 70%. 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. Bhogpur was one of the first town in India to have a co-operative sugar mill established in 1956 and it has also become India First town which has its own multimedia web site www.bhogpursirwal.com. The MLA from this area is Sarabjit Singh Makkar of Shromni Akal Dal. Goraya Goraya is a town in Jalandhar District in the Indian state of Punjab. It is present on G. T. Road NH-1, which connects Amritsar and Delhi and lies between Jalandhar and Ludhiana. It comes under the Phillaur Tehsil and is known for its industry. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 Sports * 3 History * 4 Markets * 5 Education o 5.1 Schools o 5.2 Colleges * 6 Villages near Goraya o 6.1 Famous Industries Geography Goraya is located at 3108N 7546E / 31.13N 75.77E / 31.13; 75.77.[1] It has an average elevation of 240 metres (790 ft). The city has a humid subtropical climate with cool winters and hot summers. Summers last from April to June and winters from November to

February. Temperatures in summer vary from average highs of around 44 C (111 F) to average lows of around 25 C (77 F). Winter temperatures vary from highs of 19 C (66 F) to lows of 5 C (23.0 F). On the whole, the climate is dry except during the brief southwest monsoon season during JulyAugust. The average annual rainfall is about 70 centimetres (28 in). Sports Cricket is the most popular game in Goraya; it is played by almost every child. Other games played here include badminton, football, kabaddi, and kushti (wrestling). The town has produced famous Canadian powerlifter Harnek Singh Rai, who represented Canada in the 39th annual IPF world powerlifting championship, held at Delhi from Nov 1 to Nov 7, 2009, as an International referee and Canadian team manager wearing a red turban to match the Canadian flag. Rai is a member of Canadian powerlifting Hall of Fame. ATTA Ground is one of the only few playing grounds around Goraya, this place is being used by the locals to organise different sports tournaments, especially cricket. It is used as a football and cricket ground on a regular basis. It is also a venue for many kabaddi and football district-level events. History Manchester of Punjab Goraya - 144 409 Punjab, INDIA After their arrival in India, the people of Goraya ( Manchester of Punjab ) of Jats founded another village on G.T, Road between Ludhiana and Jalandhar, and named it after old principal city in Central Asia as Goraya. These people are still residing in the same area. There is a religious place in a village named Sang Dhesian. Rishi Kutiya Ram Mandir is a temple in the town. Recently two other temples Shiv Mandir in Atta and Baba Balak Nath Mandir along G.T, Road have been constructed. The area used to have a number of factories but very few of them survived as time passed. The area has many NRI's who reside overseas and come down on occasion, with Kaushal,Sharma,Bahra, Punj and Dhillon families as dominant participants. Markets Goraya has few small markets at which to shop. Ram Bazaar (near the main railway crossing ) is the midpoint of the town, with many small but busy shops. Matka Bazzar oldest shop Sharma Cloth House Shah Purian de hatti and Bara Rurka Road (Rupal Market) are the other developing points in the town. There are also very nice shops of Glass & Plywood. There is one shop which completed more than 30 years named New Way Hardware Store. G.T.Road Goraya. Mostly famous by Ghai Ki Hatti.also a famous studio...ramesh studio at rurka road side Education There are many government and public schools and colleges in Goraya. Schools * Brilliant Convent School

* Excelsior Convent School * JSFH Khalsa Senior Secondary School Atta, Goraya (Pritam mankoo went there) * Govt. Girls Senior Secondary School Goraya * Vinayak Public High School * Sohna Model school * Liberty Public School * Govt High School Boparai * Govt. Girls Senior Secondary School Bara Pind * New English Model Sr. Sec. School & tech. College , V.P.O. MahaH * Govt. sen. sec. school Goraya (boys) * BABA DEEP SINGH JI PUBLIC SCHOOL, RURKA KHURD * 5H PUNJAB RURAL ACADEMY BARA PIND * DASHMESH CONVENT SCHOOL, MANSOORPUR * A.S. DAY BOARDING SCHOOL, TEHANG PHONE NO. 93568-11603 Colleges * Guru Nanak Girls College (Baba Sang Dhesian) Students still go to surrounding towns like Phagwara or Jalandhar for higher education Villages near Goraya Boparai is now part of Nagar Panchayat Goraya. It is an industrial village with many factories. Bara Pind is located 4 km east to Goraya. It is one of the most developed villages in the area. Sargundi is located 2km to Goraya Dholeta is adjacent to Bara Pind. Johal village is about 7 km from NH1. Other villages: Paddi Khalsa, Mouli, Chachrari,Paddi Jagir and (gohawar).and Rurka Khurd Some other villages : Mahal, Paddi Jagir, Gohawar, Sargoondi, ghurka, Chak Des Raj etc. Rurka Khurd is 2 KM far away from the city Goraya. There have two Govt. School since 1970.atta is a famous village near goroya. Famous Industries * Makhan Chaff Cutter ( www.makhan.in ) * Makhan Toka Special ( www.makhantoka.com ) * Bahra Engineering Foundry * Lion * Rishi auto agencies * Pritam Toka * Pardesi Toka * Mela Toka * Mankoo Indian Corporation * GNA Goraya * Jodh Singh Sehmbey & Sons

* Darshan Singh & Co. (Kisancom Chaff Cutter Manufacturer) * Zither industries * Kundi industries * S.S.engineering works (gohawar) * Ajaco industries * Jot Parkash Cottage Industries * Taj Switchgear * Amrit Engg. & Foundry Works * King Foundry (India) (Spl. in True Chucks) Jandiala Jandiala is a village in Jalandhar district in the Indian state of Punjab. Jandiala is also known as Jandiala Manjki, (A part of a small area known as Manjki region). Jandiala is a big village as compared to the surrounding villages. The post office opened in around 1910. Till this day the mail to the neighboring villages is routed via Jandiala. At present Jandiala has 6 scheduled and 1 cooprative Banks. Jandiala is the only village in the Jalandhar district to have a Government College. There are many educational institutes in the village from primary to graduation degree level. Geography Jandiala is located at the centre of a circle with its curvature passing through many major towns such as Nakodar (14 km), Jalandhar (20 km), Phagwara (16 km), Goraya (14 km), Phillaur(21 km) and Nurmahal (8 km) Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Jandiala had a population of 23,829. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Jandiala has an average literacy rate of 67%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 70%, and female literacy is 62%. In Jandiala, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age. Majority of the residents in the village follow Sikhism. The most common surname in the village is Johal or Jouhal. Majority of population works in Agriculture industry. Kartarpur Kartarpur (meaning: The City of God), is a town near the city of Jalandhar and is located in the Doaba region of the state. It was founded by the fifth Guru of Sikhism, Guru Arjan Dev. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 Demographics * 3 Attractions * 4 Banks * 5 Education Geography

Kartarpur is located at 3126N 7530E / 31.44N 75.5E / 31.44; 75.5[1]. It has an average elevation of 228 metres (748 feet). It is situated at a distance of 15 km from Jalandhar towards Amritsar on G.T. Road (National Highway 1). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[2], Kartarpur had a population of 25,152. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Kartarpur has an average literacy rate of 69%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 72%, and female literacy is 66%. In Kartarpur, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age. Attractions The town is famous for its furniture industry in world. The quality of the wood works is internationally acknowledged and accepted. While passing through the town on G.T. Road, one can see many lavishly built furniture showrooms on both sides of the road. There are many Gurudwaras in this town, the most famous gurudwaras are Gurudwara Shri Tham Ji Sahib, Gurudwara Shri Gangsar Sahib, Gurudwara Mata Gujari Ji, Gurudwara Baba Vadhbhag Singh Ji. Baisakhi fair is held annually here. The Shri Adi-Granth (an ancient version of Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji) Which is may be found in Kila Kothi. there is also gurudwara of shre guru ravidass ji maharaj MLA From Kartarpur Is SHRI AVINASH CHANDER. Circle President S. Ranjit Singh Kahlon(SHIROMANI AKALI DAL). S. Joga Singh Sangha is a Lambardar of Kartarpur. S. Rajinder Singh Nagra is a circle President(SHIROMANI AKALI DAL) of circle Sadar Jalandhar. S. Manjit SIngh Athoula (President Local Gurudwara Parbandhak Committee)Athoula Are From Halka KARTARPUR. Banks Punjab National Bank State Bank of Patiala Oriental Bank Of Commerce HDFC BANK State Bank Of India Jalandhar Central Cooperative Bank Icici bank Bank Of India Indian Overseas Bank Education There are many educational institutes for primary as well secondary education. Major institutes are SCHOOLS:- Arya Girls High School DAV Senior Secondary School Govt. Senior Secondary School Mata Gujri public school S.D. High School St. Fransis Convent School

Shri Guru Arjun Dev Senior Secondary School COLLEGES:- Janta College COMPUTER CENTERS:- The main higher education institution of Kartarpur is the CAL-C Computer Centre. Lodhian Khas Lodhian Khas is a town and a nagar panchayat in Jalandhar district in the Indian state of Punjab. There are 9 Wards in it. Bus Stand and Railway Station (Jn.) also situated here. By Train people go to Makhu, Ferozpur, Sultanpur Lodhi, Kapurthala and Nakodar, Ludhiana. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Lohian Khas had a population of 8546. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Lohian Khas has an average literacy rate of 66%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 69%, and female literacy is 63%. In Lohian Khas, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age. Mallian Kalan Mallian Kalan (Punjabi: , Hindi: , ) is a village tehsil Nakodar Jalandhar

district in the Indian state of Punjab. The village is almost 431 km from Delhi, 33 km from Jalandhar 9 km from Nakodar and about 103 km from Amritsar. Surrounding villages include[Talwandi slame](jahangir)mallian khurd, Heran, Husainpur, Gill, Nur Pur Chatha, Ugghi and Khanpur Dhadda. The Town is of considerable antiquity and had been held in succession by three different races, the JATTS , , and then by the hindu, traces of whom still exist in the extensive ruins by which the town is surrounded Nakodar Nakodar (Punjabi: , Hindi: , pronounced Nuh-Koh-Durh) is a city and a

municipal council in Jalandhar district in the Indian state of Punjab. The city is almost 424 km from Delhi, 24 km from Jalandhar, 45km from Ludhiana, and about 114 km from Amritsar. Surrounding villages include[Mehatpur](Hari pur)Nawan Pind Jattan, Heran, Bir Pind, Shankar, Nur Pur Chatha, Sarih and Khanpur Dhadda. The Town is of considerable antiquity and had been held in succession by three different races, the JATTS , Kambohs( Kamboj) and then by the muslim Rajputs, traces of whom still exist in the extensive ruins by which the town is surrounded. The town was anciently founded by the Hindu Kamboh, according to Sir William Wilson Hunter and others [1][2][3][4][5][6]. The Kamboh settlements lay to the west of present town and the sites are still marked by extensive ruins and two old fine tombs, now called the Black and Red Domes, from the color of the material. Tradition attributes the Kamboh expulsion to the Nawab Kutb Khan who came with an army from Indor near Nuh in 1570 AD [7]. As a consequence, the lordship of the town thus passed over to the Khanzadaas from the Kamboj tribe. Within two generations, the Rajputs got the town in jagir from Emperor Jahangir, in later sixteenth century, apparently divesting the Khanzadahs, the successor race to the Kambohs. The

Rajputs were themselves later ousted during Sikh period by one Sardar Tara Singh Ghaiba who made a fort and made himself the master of the surroundings. From Ghaiba, the town was seized by Maharaja Ranjit Singh in 1816. The town is well pave and has thriving appearances and currently forms a Tehsil of District Jalandhar. Outside the town, there are two large and handsome tombs dating at least from the times of Emperor Jahangir, later one of them is said to be the burial place of the adviser of Emperor Shah Jahan, but it is known who stand buried in the earlier tomb. Nakodar is the homeland of many popular Punjabi bhangra singers like Sai Hans Raj Hans ( Chief Darvesh of LAL Badshah Darbar Nakodar ), (Ardent Follower of Baba Muradshah Ji Darbar), Malkit Singh, Kaler Kanth, K.S Makhan, Lehmber Hussainpuri and popular Punjabi lyricists like Vijay Dhammi.Jassi Sidhu is another famous singer hailing from the Nakodar area, attending college in the city.Nakodar is also known for one of the best modern Punjabi poets Hardial sagar. Contents * 1 Name of the Town * 2 Newspapers in Nakodar * 3 Colleges in Nakodar * 4 Schools in Nakodar * 5 Geography * 6 Popular Religious Places * 7 Popular Historical Places * 8 Popular Eating Point * 9 Demographics * 10 Villages in Nakodar Tehsil Name of the Town The name Nakodar, according to one account, is a said to be derived from the Persian words Neki ka dar, which mean 'Gate of Goodness or Virtue' and it was named so by the Persian Kambohs. According to another version, the town was so-named after Nikudari legion of the Mongols[8]. Newspapers in Nakodar * Doaba Headlines * Ekta Lehar Colleges in Nakodar * K.R.M.D.A.V. college * Guru Nanak National college. * Satyam Institute of management and Technology * Bharat College of Nursing, Vill. Mudhan(Nakodar) * Sri Ram Ji College Schools in Nakodar

* Kidsvilla Kindergarten School * St. Jude's Convent School * State Public School * Tagore Model School * M.d.Dayanand Model School Geography Nakodar is located at 3108N 7528E / 31.13N 75.47E / 31.13; 75.47[9]. It has an average elevation of 223 metres (731 feet). Popular Religious Places * Dargaah of Baba Murad Shah Ji, * Dargaah of Baba Lal Baadshah Ji, * Baba Mall ji Malri Popular Historical Places * The Tomb of Mohammed Momin * The Tomb of Haji Jamal Popular Eating Point * R.K Vaishno Dhaba (Best budget and delicious food) * Kartar Club * Saroor Hotel Demographics As of 2001 India census[10], Nakodar had a population of 31,422. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Nakodar has an average literacy rate of 73%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 77%, and female literacy is 69%. In Nakodar, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. Villages in Nakodar Tehsil Haripur (Harjinder Singh and Joga Singh Mattu), Malri, Shankar, Aulakh, Mohem, Bath Kalan, Maheru, Pandori Khas, Khurshaidpur, Bal kohna, Tutt Kalan, Heran, Gohir, Bopa Rai Kalan, Sianiwal, Dherian, Nangal Jivan, Mundh, Sohal Khurad, Hussainabad, Sarih, Chak Kallan,Chack Khurd, Chak Vendhal. jafrapur(tangatori) Hussainpur Nurmahal NurMahal or Noor Mahal (In Punjabi) (In Hindi)(31 06N 75 36 E) is a

city and a municipal council in Jalandhar district in the Indian State of Punjab. It is a small town located near the Lohian Khas-Nakodar -Ludhiana line in Punjab. This town is also connected with its sister towns of Phillaur and Nakodar by a road which goes side by side with the railway lines. Nurmahal is situated 13 km from Nakodar, 33 km from Jalandhar. Contents * 1 History * 2 Serai Nurmahal

* 3 Demographics History Nurmahal was built on a place where an ancient town, called Kot Kahlur, was located which was proven by the bricks and many coins found beneath the soil of this town. It is believed that the ancient city was abandoned or destroyed around 1300 for an unknown reason. Maharaja Jassa Singh Ahluwalia Took This City Under His Control. Nurmahal is named after Noor Jahan, the wife of Mughal emperor Jahangir (1605-1627) as she was brought up here, and is thought to have spent her childhood here. The town then came under the rule of Talwan Rajputs and Ahluwalia Sikhs before the East India Company gained control. Serai Nurmahal The Nurmahal Sarai Main article: Serai Nurmahal Major point of tourist interest in Nurmahal is the Mughal Serai constructed by Noor Jahan. It is a striking example of oriental architecture. This historical monument is looked after by the Archaeological Department. The whole structure of the sarai is in the form of quadrangle consisting of 140 cells, spread over the four sides of the structure. The best way to reach Serai Nurmahal is to go to Nakodar Junction, which is the nearest railway station. The junction is served by the Northern Railways. Nurmahal has its own railway station and a huge grain market. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] NurMahal had a population of 12,630. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Noor Mahal has an average literacy rate of 71%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 73%, and female literacy is 68%. In Noor Mahal, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age. Phillaur Phillaur is a town and a municipal council in Jalandhar district in the Indian state of Punjab. Contents * 1 Overview * 2 Geography * 3 Demographics * 4 Composition of Jai Jagdish Hare * 5 Bara Pind * 6 Villages in Phillaur Tehsil Overview Phillaur is the railway junction on the border line of Ludhiana and Jalandhar Cantonment(older spelling: Jullundar). It was a junction for Lohian and Ferozepur. In prepartition days, it was the main timber market of Punjab Region. It is situated on the banks of River Satluj (Sanskrit word: Shatuddru), one of the seven rivers of Sapt Sindhu river

system. The timber cut in higher regions of Shivalik range was thrown into the River Satluj and then collected at Phillaur for further transportation. The dedicated railway line survives to this day but it is not functional. The town stands on the highway of traditional Grant Trunk Road (G. T. Road or Sher Suri Marg, now National Highway 1 - NH. 1). The actual G. T. Road passes through Phillaur. The older path of actual G. T. Road still survives along the railway bridge which crosses over to Ludhiana. This town was named by a Sanghera Jut called Phul who named it earlier is Phulnagar. However the Naru Rajputs, sent by Rai Shahr, occupied this town when Shahr's son Ratan Pal left Mau and settled in Phillaur. During Sher Shah Suri times (1540-1545 A. D.), a Sarai (for trading and military purpose) was raised at Phillaur. The Sarai was again revived by Mughal Emperor Shahjahan (16271657 A. D.)and used as Postal Center (Dak ghar) and Military camp. After the Amritsar Treaty of 1809 between Maharaja Ranjit Singh and the British East India Company, it became the border post of the Lahore Empire of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. It was kept under Raja Dhanpat Rai who also acted as his munshi for the lands across the River Sutluj which fell in Ludhiana (made military cantonment by British in 1842.)The Sarai was converted into a fort as an outpost. Presently, the fort is called Maharaja Ranjit Singh Fort. It is now being used as Police Training Academy (PTA). The Finger Print Bureau (1892) in police academy is one of the oldest institution in the region. Geography Phillaur is located at 3102N 7547E / 31.03N 75.78E / 31.03; 75.78[1]. It has an average elevation of 234 metres (767 feet). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[2], Phillaur had a population of 22,228. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Phillaur has an average literacy rate of 28%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 24%, and female literacy is 33%. In Phillaur, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. Composition of Jai Jagdish Hare Main article: Jai Jagdish Hare The popular Hindu hymn, Jai Jagdish Hare was composed by local scholar Shardha Ram Phillauri from Phillaur some time in 1870s. The exact date is not known. Shardha Ram Phillauri also wrote what is generally considered to the first novel in Hindi. There is a memorial commemorating him. Bara Pind Bara pind is one of the most developed villages of the area. It is situated 12 km from Phillaur. Sarhal Mundi is situated 5 miles south of Behram in the Tehsil. Villages in Phillaur Tehsil NangalThalla, Goraya, Bara Pind, Nagar, Ramgarh, Haripur Khalsa, Uppal Jagir, Jalandhar and Paddi khalsa. taggar,pasla,rurka kala,pharwala,bundala, SAMRAI shahpur most

developed village of Phillaur tehsil, Amrit milk is produced here, it is first time when organic milk is launched in pUnjab , that initiative is from shahpur kamboj , tehang , bhattiya,SAMRAI Sansarpur Sansarpur is a census village in Jalandhar district in the Indian state of Punjab. Contents * 1 Demographics * 2 History * 3 Sports * 4 World Famous Field Hockey Players Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Sansarpur had a population of 4061. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Sansarpur has an average literacy rate of 75%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 79%, and female literacy is 71%. In Sansarpur, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. History This village is around 300 years old. Five families at that time came to this village and descendants of them are called 'Kullar/Kular'(Jatsikh). Sports The village in its heyday produced 14 Hockey Olympic players, who reperesented India, Kenya and Canada at the Olympics. All olympians from Sansarpur.Sansarpur has the rare distinction of having produced the largest number of Olympians from India and hence is known as the "Mecca of Indian Hockey". In one particular Olympics, 7 players from Sansarpur represented their respective countries. 5 from India and 2 from Kenya. In present day Sansarpur though due to the lack of support from the Indian government and lack of facilities like astro turf , the standard of Hockey players emerging from this village is falling. World Famous Field Hockey Players * Sardar Gurjit Singh Kullar,(1958) Asian games * Sardar Gurdev Singh Kullar, Olympian * Late Sardar Udham Singh Kullar, Olympian * Sardar Darshan Singh(field hockey), Olympian * Sardar Ajit Pal Singh Kullar, Olympian * Sardar Balbir Singh Kullar, Olympian Shahkot Shahkot (Punjabi: , Hindi: ) is a small town near Dist. Jalandhar, Punjab,India.

Shahkot is situated on the Jalandhar - Moga road. It is administrated the Municipal Committee. The town is surrounded by many small and big villages like "Dhandowal", "Kotla Suraj Mal"," kakra kalan ", "Tut Sher Singh","Kania Kalan", "Nangal Ambian"

"Mianwal" "Nawan Qila" ,"Chack Bahmanian" "Sandanwal" amongst others. About 250 villages belongs to Shahkot tehsil. Shahkot is famous for its Red Chillies. Red roofs are a common site in Shahkot during chilli producing season. Contents * 1 Website * 2 Geography * 3 Demographics * 4 V.I.P. Award Winners * 5 Shahkot Administration * 6 Major Shops * 7 Famous Personalities * 8 Schools in Shahkot * 9 Colleges in Shahkot * 10 Hospitals in shahkot * 11 Social Organizations * 12 Petrol pump * 13 Press reporters in Shahkot * 14 References Website http://www.shahkotcity.com website maintained by http://www.activeideas.net, Activeideas is a local website development firm. in www.shahkotcity.com website, every single business exist, you can search any shop contact details, important numbers like ambulance, police, doctors etc. you can see shahkot city map also on the following link: http://www.shahkotcity.com/map.php Geography Shahkot is located at 3105N 7520E / 31.08N 75.34E / 31.08; 75.34.[1] It has an average elevation of 210 metres (688 feet).... It is a Tehsil now. Pin Code of SHAHKOT is 144702.Shahkot is now subdivison and Tehsil too. Shahkot is famous for its red chilli market. It has also large number of rice mills in Punjab. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Shahkot had a population of 12,631. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Shahkot has an average literacy rate of 70%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 73%, and female literacy is 67%. In Shahkot, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age.Famous singer Master Salim is also from this town and son of Puran shahkoti(teacher of hans raj hans ,jasbir jassi and many more),Barkat sidhu also spend his childhood in kania kalan village near Shahkot. Rustame Hind The great wrestler Mehardin also belongs to Shahkot. Hinduism and Sikhism are the most predominant religions in Shahkot as Hinduism(66%) and Sikhism (33%) and Others(1%) shahkot is near the Satluj river which divide Doaba and Malwa.

V.I.P. Award Winners * Prof. Kartar Singh Sachdeva (State & National Award Winner, Life Time Education Achievement Award winner, National Status Award For Intellectual Development 2006 With Medal) * S. Bachan Singh Sachdeva (State Award Winner) * S. Balkar Singh Sachdeva (State Award Winner) * S. Vir Singh Sachdeva (State Award Winner & Ex M.C NAC Shahkot) * Smt. Jasbir Sachdeva (State Award Winner) Shahkot Administration * President Of Nagar Panchayat Mr.Pawan Kumar Puri * Ruling Party Indian National Congress Major Shops * Chandan Boot House, Main Bazaar * Friends Electronics, Main Bazaar Famous Personalities * Master Saleem (Famous Punjabi and Bollywood Singer) * Puran Shahkoti (Famous sufi singer) * Mehar Deen (National Wrestler [Awarded as Rustame Hind) Schools in Shahkot As of 2008[update] Shahkot has the following schools: * Sri Guru Ram Das Public School Shahkot * Navyug Public School * Public Senior Secondary School * Govt.High School (Boys) * Govt. High School (Girls) * Ramgarhia Public School * State Public school * Divya Jyoti Public School * St. Jude Convent School * Guru Teg Bahadur Model High School * Sky Way public School Colleges in Shahkot * Mata sahib kaur (SGPC based) women college Dhandowal * Ramgarhia college for girls * S.P. college for girls * SDM Public Co-ed College Hospitals in shahkot

* Patanjali Chikatsalya Main Bazar 9815188103 * Dr. Dalip Singh Clinic Civil Hospital Road Shahkot * Bhandal Hospital Moga Road * Jain Hospital Moga Road * Civil hospital * Tagore Hospital Slaichan Road * Pannu homoeopathic clinic Near Civil Hosp. * Chandigarh Dental Saidpur Road * Shahkot Mission hospital * Surindra hospital * Sadana cardic hospital * Chopra Hospital Saidpur Road * Bhagwati Hospital and Nursing Home Slaichan road * Bawa Hospital * Thind Hospital * Sukhmani Bone Hospital * Harjai Dental Hospital Main Bazzar * Naresh Hospital Civil Hospital Road * Bansal Homoepathic Clinic * Arora Hospital Moga Road * Kanwal Dental Clinic Social Organizations * Citizen Welfare Club (Regd.) Shahkot. Chairman Azad Singh Sachdeva, President Dr. Surinderpal Singh Kalra * Helpline Group Shahkot (Regd) President Mr. Sita Ram Thakur * Youth welfare club (R) Shahkot, President Mr. Davinder Singh Ahluwalia * Sikh Students Federation, President Mr. Amandeep Singh Ahluwalia * Niskam welfare club shalapur shahkot President Mr.Rajwinder singh dhanju .shri krishna medical hall shahkot <dr ravi gupta> Petrol pump * Shahkot filling station * RR filling station * Puri filling station Press reporters in Shahkot * Sen. Reporters * Azad Singh Sachdeva (Desh Sewak, Akali Patrika) * Ramesh Kumar Saggar (Danik Jagran) 9815480839 * Arun Chopra (Jagbani,Punjab Kesari) 9815894638 * Sukhdeep Singh Sachdeva (Ajit Samachar, Chetna Shakti)

* Gian saidpuri(Nawan Zamana) * Navdeep Singh Sachdeva (Sach Di Pattari) * Gautam Puri (Aaj Di Aawaz) 9465955631 * Pritpal Singh (Ajit,Doordarshan) * Daljit Singh Sachdeva (Daily Pehredar) * Naginder Bansal (Ajit) * Simranjit Singh (Ajit) * Gurmit Singh (Punjabi Tribune) Kapurthala district Kapurthala district is a district of Punjab state in northern India. The city of Kapurthala is the district headquarters. Kapurthala District is one of the smallest districts of Punjab in terms of both area and population, with 754,521 people by the 2001 census. The district is divided into two noncontiguous parts, the main Kapurthala-Sultanpur Lodhi portion and the Phagwara tehsil or block. The Kapurthala-Sultanpur Lodhi part lies between north latitude 31 07' and 31 22' and east longitude 75 36'. In the north it is bound by Hoshiarpur, Gurdaspur, and Amritsar districts, in the west by the Beas River and Amritsar district, and in south by the Sutlej River, Jalandhar district, and Hoshiarpur district. Phagwara tehsil lies between north latitude 31 22' and east longitude 75 40' and 75 55'. Phagwara lies on the National Highway No 1, and the tehsil is much more industrially developed than the remainder of Kapurthala District. Phagwara is situated at a distance of 19 kilometers (12 miles) southwest of Jalandhar, and the tehsil is bounded on all sides by Jalandhar District except in the northeast, where it is bounded by Hoshiarpur district. The district has three subdivisions/tehsils: Kapurthala, Phagwara, and Sultanpur Lodhi. The total area of the district is 1633 km (630 mi) of which 909.09 km (350.91 mi) is in Kapurthala tehsil, 304.05 km (117.36 mi) in Phagwara tehsil and 451.0 km (174.1 mi) in Sultanpur Lodhi tehsil. The economy of the district is still predominantly agricultural. The major crops are wheat, rice, sugarcane, potato and maize. The major portion of Kapurthala district lies between the Beas River and the Kali-Bein River and is called the BET area. This area is prone to floods. Water logging and alkalinity in the soil is the major problem of the area. A flood protection bundh called Dhussi Bundh has been constructed along the left bank of the Beas River, and it has saved the area from the ravages of flood. The entire district is an alluvial plain. To the south of the river Black Bein lies the tract known as Dona meaning the soil formed of two constituents i.e. the sand and clay. The climate is typical of the Punjab plains i.e. hot in summers and cold in winters. It has sub-tropical continental monsoon type climate. Intensive cultivation in the district leaves no scope for forest cover and the wild life is practically nonexistent.

Kapurthala (Punjabi:

, Hindi:

) is a city in Punjab state of India. It is the

administrative headquarters of Kapurthala District. It was the capital of the Kapurthala State, a princely state in British India. The secular and aesthetic mix of the city with its prominent buildings based on French and Indo-Saracenic architecture self-narrate its princely past. It is also known as city of Palaces & Gardens. Contents * 1 Kapurthala Principality * 2 History * 3 Demographics * 4 Monuments & Buildings o 4.1 Sainik School (Jagatjit Palace) o 4.2 Elysee Palace o 4.3 Moorish Mosque o 4.4 Jagatjit Club o 4.5 Shalimar Gardens o 4.6 Panch Mandir (Five Temples) o 4.7 The State Gurdwara o 4.8 Gurudwara Ber Sahib o 4.9 Kanjli Wetlands o 4.10 Pushpa Gujral Science City * 5 Education * 6 Transport * 7 Industries * 8 Rail Coach Factory * 9 Some Villages in Kapurthala District Kapurthala Principality Kapurthala Principality was in the Punjab ruled by the Ahluwalia dynasty, which is commonly known as the "Walia dynasty" in urban areas and had an area of 652 square miles (1,690 km2). The 1901 population was 314,341, showing an increase of 5% over the previous decade. At the time, estimated gross revenue was Rs 178,000 year.[1] History Main article: Kapurthala State Princely flag of Kapurthala The history of the Town of Kapurthala goes back as early as the 11th Century when it is said to have been founded by Rana Kapur, a scion of the ruling house of Jaisalmer (Rajasthan)[citation needed][discuss]. The present royal family of Kapurthala is descended from Nawab Jassa Singh Ahluwalia, a contemporary of Nadir Shah and Ahmad Shah, who by his intelligence and bravery made himself the leading Sikh of his day.[2][3]

At one time it held possessions on both sides of the Sutlej, and also in the Bari Doab. The cis-Sutlej estates and scattered tracts in the Bari Doab were forfeited owing to the hostility of the chief in the First Sikh War; but the latter were afterwards restored in recognition of the loyalty of Raja Randhir Singh during the mutiny of 1857, when he led a contingent to Oudh which did good service. He also received a grant of land in Oudh, 700 m in extent, yielding a gross rental of 89,000. In Oudh, however, he exercises no sovereign powers, occupying only the status of a large landholder, with the title of Raja-i-Rajagan.[4] Major-General H.H. Farzand-i-Dilband Rasikh- al-Iqtidad-i-Daulat-i-Inglishia, Raja-i-Rajagan, Maharaja Sir Jagatjit Singh, Bahadur, Maharaja of Kapurthala, GCSI , GCIE , GBE Raja Sir Jagatjit Singh, K.C.S.I., was born in 1872, succeeded his father in 1877, and attained his majority in 1890. During the Tirah expedition of 1897-98 the Kapurthala imperial service infantry took a prominent part. The territory is crossed by the railway from Jalandhar to Amritsar. The state has a large export trade in wheat, sugar, and cotton. The hand-painted cloths and metal-work of Phagwara are well known. Demographics As of 2001 India census[5], Kapurthala had a population of 84,361. Males constitute 55% of the population and females 45%. Kapurthala has an average literacy rate of 65%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 67%, and female literacy is 62%. In Kapurthala, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. Monuments & Buildings Sainik School, Kapurthala The City of Kapurthala has several buildings and places of interest linked to its local history such as the Sainik School (Formerly Jagatjit Palace), Shalamar Bagh (Gardens), District Courts buildings, Moorish Mosque, Panch Mandir ("Five Temples"), Clock Tower, State Gurudwara, Kanjli Wetlands, Guru Nanak Sports Stadium, Jagjit Club, and the NJSA Government college. Sainik School (Jagatjit Palace) The much renowned Sainik School, formerly known as Jagatjit Palace, is housed in what was formerly the palace of the erstwhile Maharajah of Kapurthala state, HRH Maharajah Jagatjit Singh. The palace building has a spectacular architecture based on the Palace of Versailles and Fontainebleau spread over a total area of 200 acres (0.81 km2). It was designed by a French architect M. Marcel. Its magnificent Durbar Hall (Diwan-E-Khas) is one of the finest in India and the Plaster of Paris figures and painted ceilings represent the finest features of French art and archiecture. The construction of this palace was commenced in 1900 and completed in 1908. Elysee Palace The Elysee Palace was built by Kanwar Bikrama Singh in 1862. This magnificent building with its imposing and elegant facade has now been converted into MGN School of Kapurthala.

Moorish Mosque A spectacular example of the secular history of Kapurthala is the Moorish Mosque, a famous replica of the Grand Mosque of Marakesh, Morocco, was built by a French architect, Monsieur M Manteaux. Its construction was commissioned by the last ruler of Kapurthala, Maharajah Jagatjit Singh and took 13 years to complete between 1917 and 1930. It was then consecrated in the presence of the late Nawab of Bhawalpur. The Mosque's inner dome contains decorations by the artists of the Mayo School of Art, Lahore. The Mosque is a National Monument under the Archeological Survey of India. It was one of the monumental creations in the State during the premiership of late Diwan Sir Abdul Hamid Kt., CIE, OBE. It was his keen interest with Maharaja's blessings that the mosque was completed. Its wooden model lay at the entrance of the Lahore Museum.some people believe that there is any relation between sanik school and mgn public school . Jagatjit Club Jagatjit Club, Kapurthala Jagatjit Club is an elegant building situated in the heart of the city based on the Greek Revival style of architecture. Its design loosely resembles the Acropolis of Athens and features the Coat of Arms of the erstwhile ruling family of Kapurthala with their royal motto "Pro Rege et Patria" (For King and country) on its pediment. The building has been used for a variety of purposes since it was constructed, it was used as a church in the early nineteenth century, as a cinema hall in the 1940s and now houses a local club. Shalimar Gardens Shalimar Gardens are situated in roughly the centre of the city and provide an escape from the hustle-bustle of the city. The Shahi Samadhs (The Royal Cenotaphs) in the Shalimar Gardens emphasise the traditions of its ruling Dynasty. Marble obelisks inside the red sandstone Chambers, are Memorials to the former Rulers and their families. Nearby, a grand structure built in 1880 and built on a marble plinth, houses the Samadhs of Maharajas Kharak Singh, Jagatjit Singh and Paramjit Singh. Panch Mandir (Five Temples) Panch Mandir of Kapurthala is a place of reverence for all faiths. The temple complex has a spectacular construction and is home to five small temples. Built during the reign of Sardar Fateh Singh, an extraordinary feature of this temple is that from the entry door, one can view all the five idols and pay obeisance to all. The State Gurdwara The large and imposing red sandstone building (now painted white) of the State Gurudwara was consecrated in 1915. Built in the Indo- Saracenic style, it has vast expanses of marble haloed by the feet of the hundreds of devotees. Gurudwara Ber Sahib The famous Gurdwara Ber Sahib is situated at Sultanpur Lodhi, which is one of the four subdivisions (Tehsil) of Kapurthala. This historic site is of great importance to Sikhism as it is

said to be the very place where the First Guru of Sikhs, Guru Nanak, spent 14 years of his life and attained enlightenment whilst bathing in a small rivulet, the Bein. The place derives its name from a Ber tree (Zizyphus Jujuba) said to be planted by Guru Nanak himself and under which he first uttered the Mool Mantra or the "Sacred Word or Revelation" of Sikhism. Kanjli Wetlands Kanjli Wetlands, on the western Bein rivulet at the outskirts of the city, has been included in under the Ramsar Convention. It is a very popular site for bird watching and boating. An enormous project is currently being undertaken here to develop it into a destination for bird watching replete with modern day facilities. Sadly the Kanjli Wetlands have been in a state of neglect lately with little attention being given by the authorities to the condition of flora and fauna and its surrounding infrastructure. Pushpa Gujral Science City In 2005, the Governor of Punjab, Lt. Gen (retd) S.F Rodrigues, inaugurated the Pushpa Gujral Science City or simply known as the Science City. A joint venture between the state government and the Government of India,located on Jalandhar-Kapurthala, Highway. This project has been designed as an institution of excellence, for meeting both educational and recreational purposes. Despite being a recent development, it is now fast promoting itself as a tourist attraction, providing facilities for an informal science education through a more recreational aspect. Some of the attractions range from purely recreational adventure sports such as rock-climbing, aero-ballooning, boating to demonstrating learning in the field of nano-technology, micro-machines, levitation and genomics etc. Pushpa Gujral Science City is also coming up as Entertainment Capital having 23 meter diameter Dome Theatre showing Large Format Films (IMax) on 10 times larger screen than ordinary cinema hall screens. Other world class attractions are Flight Simulator, 3D Cinema, LASER Show, Earthquake Simulator and more than 200 interactive exhibits on Physics, Mechanical, Optics, Health, Space, Aviation, Fun Science etc. Education The main higher education institutions of Kapurthala are the NJSA Government College popularly known as the Randhir College and the Hindu Kanya College for women. Recently Lord Krishna Polytechnic has also been set up nearby. There are numerous Primary and Secondary schools in Kapurthala, notably the Sainik School, Anand Public Sr. Sec. School, Kapurthala Public High School, Bawa Lalvani Public School, MGN Public School ,Little Angels Co-Ed School, Kendriya Vidyalaya (Kapurthala Cantt.), the Sanik School and the only ICSE pattern based convent school, Christ King Convent School and Bawa-Lalvani Public School. Transport The City of Kapurthala is well connected with the main transport routes of the Punjab and Northern India. It is situated 19 km away toward South-West of its closest neighbouring city

of Jalandhar, a main road and railway junction of the Punjab region. Nearest international Airport is approximately 66 Kilometers away at Amritsar. Industries Kapurthala is home to several medium-to-large scale industries. Some of these are the Rail Coach Factory (see below); JCT Mills Phagwara (a sub-division of Kapurthala district) which is one of the most successful textile mills in India; SSK, one of India's oldest and biggest manufacturers of Electrical wiring accessories, founded in 1935, is also based in Kapurthala . Other prominent industries include the Oswal Agro (Sugar) Mills and the Jagatjit Industries Limited (JIL), the latter being set-up under the patronage of Maharajah of Kapurthala in 1944 and remains one of the largest breweries of alcoholic beverages and manufacturer of dairy products in India. It was the site of Rehman Automobile and Works, established there in 1935. Apart from the heavy engineering and ancillary units coming up in the city to carter the needs of Rail Coach Factory, Agro processing industries have been in the city from 1950's, these mainly consist of Oil extraction from oil seeds like sunflower, mustard, cotton seed and rice bran. There are maximum number of Rice Mills in Kapurthala city due to its proximity to huge surrounding fertile agriculture fields. Kapurthala is now a prominent market in Punjab for buying rice paddy both Basmati & non Basmati rice along with it the city is a big market for rice - sela rice, parboiled rice, raw rice in both varieties of Basmati & non Basmati rice. Multinational companies have finally found this city and the quality and quantity of rice they can get from this district and therefore all big players have started to enter this city of royals, this process has increased the hopes of farmers and traders of the city of getting good bargains for their products and it has also educated the people how to ake export quality rice and by products so this city is going to be hot property in the rice trade in coming times. Thind Eye hospital, a premier eye institute in northern India, is just 19 km from here,also serve quality eye treatme there is two science city India 1 is in kapurthala Rail Coach Factory Kapurthala boasts of having one of the most innovative large scale hi-tech manufacturing units dedicated to building railway carriages for Indian Railways. Popularly known as RCF, the Rail Coach Factory was established in 1986 by the Government of India and has been important to the district's economy. RCF is located in a serene and green environment and is ISO 14001 certified. ekamjot singh lubana Some Villages in Kapurthala District Amar Kot, Tibba, Lakhpur, Sahni (Lakhpur-Sahni), Chak Prema, Panchhat, Narur, Jagpalpur, Ranipur, Khajurla Khatti, Kala Sanghia, Rawalpindi, Kapurthala, Sangatpur, Domeli., Babeli, Bhawanipur , Nanakpur , wadala kalan,PHIALI

maseetan is most famous village of kapurthala Begowal Begowal is a town and a Nagar Panchayat in Kapurthala district in the state of Punjab, India. = Begowal is located at 3137N 7531E / 31.62N 75.52E / 31.62; 75.52.[1] It has an average elevation of 225 metres (738 feet). Begowal is called NRI's area (Lubana), the town is mostly covered with Lubana's. HOSPITALS incude: * Sat Kartar Hospital * Thind Eye Hospital (Branch) Cloth showrooms include: * Gurdip cloth house and garments * Bacha Jiwi cloth house * Hydrabad cloth house * He She cloth house, * Amar Garments Restaurants include: * Kapil restaurant * Ranjit restaurant Medical stores include: * Karamjot medical store (of Satnam Singh) Medical labs include: * Karamjot Clinical Lab (of Pardeep Singh) Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Begowal had a population of 9612. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Begowal has an average literacy rate of 67%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 54% of the males and 46% of females literate. 12% of the population is under 6 years of ag Bhulath Bhulath is a town and a nagar panchayat in Kapurthala district in the state of Punjab, India. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Bhulath had a population of 10,079. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Bhulath has an average literacy rate of 70%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 75% and female literacy of 65%. 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. Bholath is a fast development town. It is mainly recognize as NRI Area. Many of persons from this surrounding area go abroad for good earning. There are some good school in The Bholath as Christ King Convent School, Sabharwal International School, Ajanta Model School( Sh. ved parkash ji), Shishu Model senior secondary School (Sh. Krishan Lal Sharma), Young Petals Public School.

from : Sunil Sharma Rampal M.A., M.ED. PRINCIPAL SHISHU MODEL SEN. SEC. SCHOOL. Dhilwan Dhilwan is a town and a nagar panchayat in Kapurthala district in the state of Punjab, India. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 Dhilwan Kalan * 3 Demographics * 4 Important Personalities Geography Dhilwan is located at 3131N 7521E / 31.52N 75.35E / 31.52; 75.35 in Punjab.[1] It has an average elevation of 219 metres (718 feet). Dhilwan Kalan Please note Dhilwan and Dhilwan Kalan in Sikh History Books are two different places. Dhilwan Kalan is also written as Dhilwan, or Dhilwan Sodhian sometimes, which cause confusion among readers. Dhilwan Kalan is near Kotkapura in Faridkot District. Other few villages have same names and resemblance same like this, Dhilwan Khurd(District Faridkot), Dhilwan Wala(District Moga), Dhilwan(District Barnala) Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Dhilwan had a population of 7980. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Dhilwan has an average literacy rate of 68%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 72% and, female literacy is 63%. In Dhilwan, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age. Hussainpur Hussainpur is a census town in Kapurthala district in the Indian state of Punjab. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Hussainpur had a population of 15,343. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Hussainpur has an average literacy rate of 76%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 78%, and female literacy is 75%. In Hussainpur, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age. Phagwara Phagwara is a city and a municipal council in Kapurthala district in North India, in the central part of the Punjab. Contents * 1 Location * 2 Geography * 3 Demographics * 4 History * 5 Industry * 6 Education

o 6.1 Colleges o 6.2 Universities o 6.3 Schools * 7 Festivals * 8 Notable residents or former residents * 9 Main Villages of Phagwara Tehsil Location Phagwara lies on the DelhiAmritsar national highway No.01 and is also served by the rail link between Delhi and Amritsar. It is located between the two big cities of Ludhiana and Jalandhar. Phagwara is 76 miles away from Chandigarh and 220 miles (355 km) from Delhi. Phagwara is a junction, with rail and road links to other cities as well. Most major trains stop here, e.g. the Shatabdi Express. Geography Phagwara is located at 3108N 7528E / 31.13N 75.47E / 31.13; 75.47.[1] It has an average elevation of 234 metres (767 feet). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Phagwara had a population of 95,626. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Phagwara has an average literacy rate of 81%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 80%, and female literacy is 73%. In Phagwara, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age. Scheduled Caste population in Phagwara is over 40%. History Phagwara was built by Shah Jahan as a market town. Over time, some people of Phagwara started farming and Phagwara took on a rural character. Phagwara Sharki covers the original rural Phagwara, which now is only covered by the area surrounding Sukhchainiana Gurdwara (Sukhchain Nagar) where some people continue to farm the land.In 1772 it became Part of the Ahluwalia Sikh Dynasty of Kapurthala. Industry Phagwara is the main industrial centre in the Kapurthala District because of its good location on the national highway. This city has many different types of manufacturing industries, the main ones being textiles, auto components, machine tools and agricultural implements as well as agriculture services. Education Phagwara is one of the educational hubs of Doaba Area. It boasts of having many prestigious schools and colleges. * St. Sai Ram Sunrise High School, Basant Bagh. Managed by A.K. Dhir, U.K. * New Sunflower High School (co-ed). Establishedd 1986. Mansa Devi road Phagwara. official website * Saffron Public School

* Tagore Public High School * Shri Mahavir Jain Model School * St. Joseph's Convent School (ICSE) * Sant Sarwan Dass Dass public school * Cambridge International School * Shree Mahavir Jain model Public School * Kamla Nehru Public School Phagwara is the one of the cities that is has better schools in Doaba Area of Punjab. About 70% of student are studying in CBSE schools. Colleges * D.A.V. COLLEGE * Guru Nanak College * Ramgharia College * Kamla Nehru College * GNBL College * St. Soldier Institute * Ramgharhia Institute Of Engineering & Technology * GNA-IMT (GNA Institute of Management & Technology) * G.H.K. Institute of Technology & Management * Ramgarhia Polytechnic * Arya Infotech Institute PTU Learning Center * Guru Hargobind College * St. Soldier college The first hi-tech village of North India named Palahi is situated close to the city. Facilities include a community Ramgharia Polytechnic, a college for girls, a football ground, parks, street lights, underground sewerage and a historical gurdwara dedicated to Guru Hargobind Sahib. This village was among a few villages adopted by the central government to be developed as a model village. Universities Lovely Professional University, Phagwara Schools * New Sunflower High School (co-ed). Establishedd 1986. Mansa Devi road Phagwara. official website * Kamla Nehru Public School (co-ed). * Swami Sant Dass Public School * St. Soldier Divine Public School, Hadiabad * Saffron Public School, Senior Secondary, Day Cum Residential Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi Code 1630261 Saffron Road, Khotran, Phagwara -144401 * New Public High School, Banga Road

* St. Sai Ram Sunrise High School, Basant Bagh * New Public High School * Shri Mahavir Jain Model Senior Secondary School (School created history in year 1997, when Chetanbir Kaur, Shikha Goyal and Jaskiran Kaur topped the Matriculation, with Ist, IInd and IIIrd rank, respectively, in Punjab) * R.S Model High School * SD Model School * Govt. Sr. Sec. School (Boys) * Govt. Sr. Sec. School (Girls) * St. Joseph's Convent School * Tagore Public High School * G.H.K.N. Model school * T.W.E.I. High School, JCT Mills, Phagwara * Victoria International Public School * Sun Computer Education, Khothran Road * New B.C.S.Sr. Secondary School (Boys+Girls) * Guru Gobind Singh Model School Shivpuri Road Phagwar Festivals Phagwara is home to people of different religions and therefore celebrates many festivals such as * Lohri * Dussehra * Diwali * Guru Nanak Dev Ji's birthday * Ram Naumi * Eid * Christmas * Shri Krishna Janam Ashtmi * New Year Various villages are also famous for holding annual festivals such as * Dussehra of * Lakhpur, * Baisakhi of * Panchhat * Baba Shah Fateh Ali Mela of Sangatpur. Notable residents or former residents * Dharmendra, a star Bollywood actor, was born in this city. * Gunjan walia, Bollywood actress. * Inder Singh Football Player (Arjun Award Winner).

Main Villages of Phagwara Tehsil * Lakhpur * Jagpalpur * Ranipur * Palahi * Narur * Panchhat * Gandhwan * Athouli * Sangatpur * Chak Prema * Dhadday * Dhadoli * Bir Dhadoli * Rawal Pindi. * Khatti * Rampur Sunra * Malikhpur * Domeli. * Babeli * Khera, Nangal * Bir Puadh * Rehana Jattan * Khangura * Chak Hakim * Virk(Bohodipur) * Mouli * Jagat Pur Jattan * Chaheru Sultanpur Lodhi Sultanpur Lodhi is a city and a municipal council in Kapurthala district in the Indian state of Punjab. The town is named after its founder, Sultan Khan Lodhi who was a general of Mahmud of Ghazni in AD 1103, which has been also mentioned in Ain-e-Akbari. Sultanpur Lodhi is located on the south bank of a seasonal rivulet called Kali Bein, which runs 6 miles (9.7 km) north of the intersection of Beas and Sutlej Rivers, two of the Five Rivers of Punjab. The word Punj - ab, literally means five river - land. Contents * 1 History o 1.1 Ancient

o 1.2 Medieval Times o 1.3 Modern o 1.4 Post Independence and Present * 2 NGOs * 3 Education * 4 Health & Medical Aid * 5 Demographics * 6 Historical Gurudwaras o 6.1 Gurudwara Shree Ber Sahib o 6.2 Gurudwara Shree Hatt Sahib o 6.3 Gurudwara Shree Kothri Sahib o 6.4 Gurudwara Shree Guru Ka Bagh o 6.5 Gurudwara Shree Sant Ghat o 6.6 Gurudwara Shree Antaryamta o 6.7 Gurudwara Shree Sehra Sahib o 6.8 Gurudwara Shree Bebe Nanki Ji * 7 Recent developments History Sultanpur Lodhi is one of the most ancient cities of India, estimated to be established in around 1st century AD. This city, in the period of centuries, witnesses the ups and downs in terms of politics, religion, literature, trade and commerce. Ancient Sultanpur Lodhi, from 1st century to 6th century, was a major place of meditation and knowledge for Buddhism. In that period, the city was known by the name Sarwmanpur. Many statues, coins and other such objects of that time have been found during the archeological research and digging of the city. It is also believed that the ancient Buddhist book of Abinav-Prastava was authored here by Katiyana. In 8th century, this place was established as a great empire of Hinduism and Buddhism. Medieval Times When the Afghan Ruler Mahmud of Ghazni invaded this area, this city was burnt to ashes by his army, as being a Hindu - Buddhist city, . The proof of this the layer of black soil, found few meters below the ground level here. City of Sarwmanpur after that was nothing but a bunch of peoples living in destroyed city. This was the end of ancient city of "Sarwmanpur". During 12th century, Nawab Wali Muhammad Khan, cousin of the Emperor of Delhi Nasir-udin Muhammad Shah was appointed as the Hakim {Ruler} of Punjab. During this period , one of the two sons of Hakim, Sultan Khan on his way saw the remains of this city and was attracted by beauty of the surroundings of the city. He decided to re-establish this city by his name. This was the complete death of "Sarwmanpur" and the birth of new city of Sultanpur Lodhi.

This new city of Sultanpur Lodhi was also the center point of the old trade route between Delhi and Lahore. It was a major trade center of north India at that time. It consisted of 32 major markets and about 5600 shops (Figures are mere estimates. No proof, as yet, with the Author). At that time the city was spread over in an area of 8 miles (13 km). The black rivulet (Kali Bein) at ran through the center of the city. These features are more than enough to take that Sultanpur Lodhi was a big city in old times. Sultanpur Lodhi was mentioned as important place in famous "Ain-e-Akbari". The city in those times had many Royal Gardens and farms. At present, relics of these royal buildings built at that time, are still present. One of these is "Hadera". It was once a marvelous building used as place of rest for the royal family on their way to royal gardens. It was also used as place of entertainment for royal family and to organize dances and other royal functions. This place is now just an old & neglected building. Sultanpur Lodhi, in those days was not only famous for its surrounding or trade, but also for its education. City had many Islamic schools of education known as "Madarasas". The two princes of Delhi, Aurengzeb and Dara-sekoh completed their studies in one white mosque of Sultanpur Lodhi. At the end of the 14th century, the governor of Lahore was Daulat Khan Lodhi. Sultanpur Lodhi was also called Perran Puri ,city of monks-. Many religious personalities were related to the city at that time & some of the tombs {Makbaras} of these monks are still present in the city. After Nanakana Sahib {now in Pakistan}, Sultanpur Lodhi is perhaps the most related to life of the first Guru. In 1475 AD elder sister of Guru Ji, Bibi Nanki Ji was married to Shri Jai Ram of Sultanpur Lodhi. In 1483 Guru Jis father sent Guru Ji to the custody of Shri Jai Ram. Guru Ji was employed as the Modi {Person In-charge} of the Modi Khana {Civil supplies store}. In June 1488, Guru Nanak Dev Ji was married to Bibi Sulkhani ji in Sultanpur Lodhi. And here, in this city Guru Ji begot two sons, in July 1494 Shri Chand Ji and in Feb 1497 Lakmi Chand Ji. In this very city Guru Ji spent more than 14 years and in 1497 Guru Ji disappeared in holy Rivulet (Kali Bein) flowing along the North end of the city and then Re-Appeared after three days with the teaching of "na koi hindu, na koi muslman" {no one is Hindu, no one is Muslim}. This led to the birth of a new religion, Sikhism. There after Guru Ji left his job and the City to start with the First Udasi {Sacramental Journey}. After Guru Nanak Dev Ji, Fifth Guru Arjen Dev Ji, on the occasion of his marriage in a nearby village Dhala rested at Sultanpur Lodhi. A Gurudwara having Sehra and wedding costume of Guru Ji, is built at that place. Modern In 1739 Nader Shah, the famous invader, on his way to Delhi, invaded Sultanpur Lodhi and almost destroyed it. After looting the whole city, it was set on fire. After that Ahemd Shah Abdali again destroyed it. Later Sardar Jassa Singh Ahluwalia, after taking the historic monuments under his custody, re established this city ab-initio. But it could not re-gain its

old prestige and glory. One of the reason has been, the development of Amritsar-Jalandhar G.T. Road as the main route for commutation to Delhi. One of the accomplice of Maharaja Jagajit Singh of Kapurthala was Dewan Ramjas, of Sultanpur Lodhi; later his sons worked for the Kapurthala Royal family, Dewan Mathura Dass, Dewan Daulat Ram & Dewan Jarmani Dass( 18951971) who wrote the book "Maharaja & Maharani" in 1970. Dewan Ramjas and family were given many villages for the services. Post Independence and Present The Present day Sultanpur Lodhi is a Sub-Division and Tehsil of District Kapurthala of Punjab. It is small town, connected by the Road & Rail. It falls under Ferozepur Division of Northern Railway. It is a Legislative Constituency and Municipal Council. This City now houses a Civil cum Judicial Court {ACJ (Sr. Div.)}, Civil Hospital (SMO), Police Station {DSP}, BDEO Office {BDEO}, BEO Office {BEO}. NGOs Now various NGOs are working in the Modern Day Society of the City. Ones with International affiliations are Rotary International and Lion Club. Whereas, local ones include PLUS Endeavour, Punjabi Sahit Sabha, Citizens welfare Forum etc. Education Two Degree Colleges and a College for Education (B.Ed.), Two Government Senior Secondary Schools, Many Affiliated Schools ..... . Now, A Multidisciplinary College is provisioned at a nearby village "Jabbowal". Overall the Education standard is mediocre. Health & Medical Aid City houses a Civil Hospital under charge of SMO and has specialiity medical care in Ortho., Ophthalmology, Gynaecology, Paediatrics and Dentistry. A trauma Care Centre is also running there. Many private practitioners offer good medical services. The Nearest Medical Colleges are CMC & DMC at Ludhiana or Govt. Medical College, Amritsar. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Sultanpur Lodhi (Town Code 4591 and Tehsil Code 03 03 0003) had a population of 15,653. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Sultanpur Lodhi has an average literacy rate of 71%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 73%, and female literacy is 68%. Here, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. This town extends only to 4 square miles (10 km2) and it is 26 miles (42 km) away from Jalandhar and 17 miles (27 km) from Kapurthala. Ashutosh Paul - Author is a resident of the City Historical Gurudwaras Sultanpur Lodhi holds a high significance in Sikh history. It has many historical and nonhistorical Gurudwara (a Place of worship for Sikhs) Gurudwara Shree Ber Sahib Gurudwara Ber Sahib

Gurudwara Ber Sahib, the principal shrine at Sultanpur, is situated on the bank of the rivulet Kali Bein, half a kilometre to the west of the old town. Guru Nanak performed his morning ablutions in the Bein and then sat under a Ber (Zizyphus jujuba) tree to meditate. Guru Ji meditated at this tree daily for 14 years, nine months and 13 days. It was during one such ablution that Guru Nanak had what is described, in the Janam Sakhis, as a direct communion with the Divine. As the Janam Sakhis narrate the details, Guru Nanak one morning disappeared into the stream and was not seen for two days. When he reappeared at a spot, 2 km upstream, now known as Sant Ghat, the first words he uttered were, "No one is Hindu, No one is Musalman (Muslim)." Guru Nanak was now ready to embark on his long journeys. Gurudwara Ber Sahib is built by the side of an old ber tree which is believed to be the one under which Guru Nanak would sit in meditation. The present building of Gurudwara Ber Sahib was built by Maharaja Jagatjit Singh of Kapurthala. The cornerstone was laid by Bhai Arjan Singh of Bagarian on 25 February 1937, and the Gurudwara was on completion dedicated by Lieutenant General Maharaja Yadavinder Singh of Patiala on 26 January 1941. Standing on a high plinth and entered through a portico, supported by octagonal columns, and a small entrance gallery is the high ceiling, marble floored hall. At the far end, marked off by a high archway decorated with floral designs in stucco, is the sanctum sanctorum, where the Guru Granth Sahib is seated on a white marble canopied throne. Besides the daily services and observance of important Sikh anniversaries, a largely attended fair takes place each November to mark the birth anniversary of Guru Nanak. Gurudwara Shree Hatt Sahib Gurudwara Hatt Sahib Measuring Stones used by Guru Nanak Dev Ji As a young man Guru Nanak was convinced by his family to accept employment here as the accountant of the provisions of Nawab Daulat Khan Lodhi. Guru Nanak got the job on the recommendations of his brother-in-law Jai Ram. The Nawab was very much impressed by the young Guru who would work diligently in the day and spend the evenings and night singing the praises of God with his friends. Gurudwara Shree Kothri Sahib Gurudwara Kothri Sahib Kothri(holding cell) in which Guru Nanak Dev Ji was kept Guru Nanak worked for Nawab Daulat Khan Lodhi in charge of his accounts. The Guru was temporarily jailed here on the orders of the Nawab while all the accounts where checked. It had been reported to the Nawab by jealous elements that the Guru was stealing from the inventory as his predecessor had. When the inventory was checked and found to be intact, the Nawab released Guru Nanak & apologized profusely, even offering Guru Nanak a promotion to Prime Minister of the state. Guru Nanak refused to accept the position as he had decided to dedicate his life to the spread of Sikhism. Gurudwara Shree Guru Ka Bagh

Gurudwara Guru Ka Bagh Guru Nanak spent 14 years in Sultanpur Lodhi as a young man working for Nawab Daulat Khan Lodhi. This was the house of Guru Nanak where his two sons Baba Sri Chand and Baba Lakhmi Chand were born. Guru Nanak tested his two sons, but neither proved worthy of being his successor. Baba Lakhmi Chand was too involved in worldly affairs while Baba Sri Chand chose the path of renunciation and became an aesthetic. Guru Sahib used to have Langar prepared by Bibi Nanaki ji. Well(Khooh) is also located here, from which water was used for Langar Preparation. Gurudwara Shree Sant Ghat Gurudwara Shri Santghaat Sahib It is situated on the bank of Bein river. From Ber sahib, Satguru nanak dev ji dived into Bein & disappeared. He came out after 3 days. On reaching nirankar's place Sachkhand, he got satnaam's updesh " mool mantar" from nirankar which he gave the to the whole world, it is a blessing of this bein only. The big reason for this place to be named sant ghaat is that maharaaj guru nanak dev ji meditated here to the akaal purakh & went from here to serve the world. Gurudwara Shree Antaryamta Gurudwara Antaryamta sahib GurThe Muslims asked Shree Guru Nanak dev Ji that whether he was hindus guru or Muslims? Guru Nanak dev Ji replied that he is common to them. Then the muslims said that in case you are common then come with us to offer namaaz. Sat Guru Ji went along. Everyone stood in the mosque in order to offer namaaz & started offering prayers but Shree guru nanak dev ji kept standing straight. After offering namaaz, they asked with anger as to why didn't he offer prayers to which guru ji said that even you didn't offer prayers. Nawab said that they did offer prayers. Guru ji said that your heart was away to get horses from kandhar. You were physically present here & so was i, but not mentally. On hearing this khan said that you should have offered prayers along with the priest. Satguru ji replied that even he was physically present here but his mind was taking care of the new born female calf at home which might not fall into the well. Then everybody bowed to guru ji's feet in adoration & said that he is a saint with divine powers. Gurudwara is suited at the same place where this incident happened. Gurudwara Shree Sehra Sahib Gurudwara Sehra Sahib Gurudwara Shree Sehra Sahib is situated in mohalla Dhiraan. This Gurudwara is dedicated to Guru Arjan who passed through Sultanpur in 1604 on his way to Dalla for the marriage of his son, Har Gobind, the future Guru Hargobind (revered for his concept of miri and piri). According to tradition, the marriage party stayed overnight at this place and the sehra, or ceremonial wreath was fastened round the bridegroom's head here. The Gurudwara, within a brick paved walled compound, is an octagonal domed room in which the Guru Granth

Sahib is seated. All these shrines at Sultanpur Lodhi with the exception of Gurudwara Bebe Nanaki JI, which is under the management of the Trust, are administered by the SGPC through a local committee. Gurudwara Shree Bebe Nanki Ji Gurudwara Bebe Nanaki Ji constructed in 1970's, honours the memory of Bebe Nanaki, elder sister of Guru Nanak. The actual house, a three storeyed old building where Bebe Nanaki is believed to have lived with her husband, Jai Ram, is inside the old town in Mohalla Chhimbian. But the premises being in private possession, a public monument (cornerstone, laid on 13 November 1970) was raised in the form of a gurdwara by Bebe Nanaki Istri Satsang Charitable Trust under the chairmanship of Bibi Balvant Kaur of Birmingham (United Kingdom). The Gurdwara Bebe Nanaki Ji comprises a central hall, with the Guru Granth Sahib seated in a white marble palaki at the far end. The Guru Granth Sahib is also seated in a small side room symbolizing Bebe Nanaki's own lodging. Over the sanctum, above the hall roof, is a square domed room with arched copings. Bulbous domes adorn the corners of the hall roof. Recent developments Kali Vain Few years back Kali Vain At present Cleaning process Kali Vain At present Kali Bein, a 99-mile-long (160 km) river considered sacred by the state's majority Sikh population. Over the past couple of decades it was reduced to a filthy drain into which six towns and more than 40 villages emptied their waste. Parts of the river dried up, leaving neighbouring farmlands parched. Its polluted waters also seeped underground, contaminating the groundwater and causing lethal diseases. Seechewal, a Sikh holy man, set out to clean up this mess. Drawing on the Sikh tradition of kar sewa (voluntary service) he and his followers taught locals why they should clean the Kali Bein, enlisting volunteers to do the physical work and raising funds for equipment. At the height of his movement, people from more than two dozen villages were pitching in. The scale of the task was gigantic volunteers cleared the entire riverbed of water hyacinth and silt, and built riverbanks and roads alongside the river. When appeals to government and municipal bodies failed to stop dirty water flowing into the river, Seechewal launched a publicawareness campaign to encourage villagers to dispose of their sewage elsewhere. Some villages revived traditional methods of waste disposal and treatment, and farmers lined up for a share of the treated water. A government order to divert water from a nearby canal was eventually obtained. As the riverbed was cleared, natural springs revived and the river began to fill up. Since then, trees have been planted along its banks and fishing has been banned to preserve biodiversity. Today, the Kali Bein is thriving. Families head there for picnics and the devout bathe during religious festivals. Seechewal has turned his sights onto

the tanneries and other factories that dispose of untreated waste in rivers. He is also leading efforts to get residents and the government to clean up rivers and creeks in a more systematic way across the state. "We have proved that it is possible to restore our rivers to a pristine condition if we all come together," says Seechewal. "It is time to do that on a bigger scale." Ludhiana district Ludhiana district is one of the 20 districts in the state of Punjab in North-West India. Ludhiana city which is district headquarters is the hub of industry in Punjab. The main industries are bicycle parts and hosiery. Contents * 1 History * 2 Location * 3 Topography * 4 Climate * 5 Rainfall * 6 Rivers and drains * 7 Demographics History Ludhiana gets its name from the Lodhi Dynasty, which is believed to have founded the city in 1480. During the reign of the Mughal emperor Akbar the area formed part of the Sarkar or Sirhind. In the latter period of Mughal rule the western part of the district was leased to the Rais of Raikot, by the early eighteen century they had become semi independent of the Mughals. In 1747 Ahmad Shah Durrani invaded and battled the imperial army near Khanna, although the Mughals were able to stop Ahmad Shah - his subsequent invasions weakened the Mughals, which allowed the Rais to take control of Ludhiana town in 1760.[1] Chakar, Talwandi Rai in 1478 AD, Raikot in 1648 AD and Jagraon in 1688 AD were founded by the Rai family of Raikot. Ref-Ludhiana Dist. Gazetteer 1888-89&1904. Chiefs of Punjab 1890,1909 & 1940 During the reign of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, Ludhiana became an important British cantonment. Initially, in 1805, Ranjit Singh occupied Ludhiana. However, in 1809, the British decided to curb his advance eastward and sent troops to confront him. Ranjit Singh was forced to sign the treaty of 'perpetual friendship' with the British, which confined his activities to the right bank of the Sutlej. British troops were permanently stationed in Ludhiana and the Cis-Sutlej states came under British protection. According to the 1901 census, Hindus numbered 269,076, or 40 per cent of the total; Muslims, 235,937, or 35 per cent; and Sikhs, 164,919, or 24 per cent.[2] In 1947 due to violence and strife between the communities the Muslim population were compelled to leave for Pakistan.[3] Location

Ludhiana is one of the centrally located cities of Punjab, which is located on the Grand Trunk Road from Delhi to Amritsar at latitude 30.55 North & longitude 75.54 East in the state of Punjab in Northern India. Ludhiana is the most centrally located district which falls in the Malwa region of the state of Punjab. For administrative purposes it has been placed in the Patiala Division. It lies between north latitude 30-34' and 31-01' and east longitude 75-18' and 76-20'. It is bounded on the north by the Satluj River, which separates it from Jalandhar district. The river also forms its northern boundary with Hoshiarpur district. On other sides it shares common boundaries with Rupnagar district in the east, Moga district in the west, and Barnala, Sangrur and Patiala districts in the south and southeast, respectively.[4] Topography The topography of the district is typical representative of an alluvial plain. It owes its origin to the aggravation work of the Satluj River. The alluvium deposited by the river has been worked over by the wind, which gave rise to a number of small dunes and sand mounds. Most of these dunes have been leveled by farmers of the district. The district can be divided into the flood plain of the Satluj and the upland plain. Climate The climate of the district is characterized by dryness except a brief spell of monsoon season, a very hot summer and a bracing winter. The cold season is from mid-November to the early part of March. The succeeding period until the end of June is the hot season. July, August and half of September constitute the southwest monsoon. The period of midSeptember to about the middle of November may be termed as post-monsoon or transitional period. June is generally the hottest month. Hot and scorching dust-laden winds blow during summer season. December and January are the coldest months. Rainfall The rainfall in the district increases from the southwest toward the northeast. About 70% of the rainfall is received during the period of July through September. The rainfall between December and March accounts for 16% of the rainfall the remaining 14% rainfall is received in the other months of the year. Rivers and drains The Sutlej and its tributary, the Buddha Nala, constitute the chief hydrographic features of the district. A brief description of these is as follows. Sutlej River originates from Mansarovar Lake in Tibet. After flowing through Himachal Pradesh, it debouches from the Shivaliks. Just about Rupnagar, 32 km east of the boundary of Samrala Tehsil, it flows due west along the top of the district for 96 km and turns, as it leaves Jagraon Tehsil, slightly north toward its junction with the Beas at Harike. It maintains an east-west direction. It can be devastating during floods. The Sutlej has experienced a westward drift during recent times. Old towns and villages, such as Bahlulpur, Machhiwara,

and Kum Kalan, were built on its banks. The river has since been dammed at Bhakhra, which has considerably checked its flooding menace in the district. Buddha Nala It runs parallel to the Satluj on its south for a fairly large section of its course in the district and ultimately joins the Satluj at Gorsian Kadar Baksh in the northwestern corner of the district. It floods during the rainy season, but in the dry season it can be crossed on foot at certain points. Ludhiana and Machhiwara are situated to the south of the Buddha Nala. The water of the stream is polluted after it enters Ludhiana City. Demographics Total geographical area of the district is 3767 km. The total population of the district as per 2001 census is 3,030,352 (rural: 1,339,566; urban: 1,690,786). The density of population per km is 804 persons. * Area (in km): 3,767 * Total population: 3,030,352 o Male: 1,661,329 o Female: 1,369,023 o Females per thousand males: 824 * Density of population (per km): 804 * Literacy%: 76.54 * % of workers in total population: * % increase in population (198191): 24.79 * % of SC population: Ludhiana Ludhiana (also Ludhyana) (Punjabi: is a city and a municipal corporation in Ludhiana district in the Indian state of Punjab. It is the largest city in Punjab, with an estimated population of 1,398,467 in 2010. The population increases substantially during the crop harvesting season due to immigration of laborers from states like Eastern Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Orissa and Delhi. It has an area of about 310 km. The city stands on the Sutlej River's old bank, 13 km south of its present course. It is a major industrial center of northern India. Ludhiana is located 100 km west from state capital Chandigarh on NH 95 and is centrally located on National Highway 1 from Indian capital New Delhi to Amritsar, and is well connected to New Delhi by road, frequent train service and by air. Contents * 1 History * 2 Geography * 3 Climate

* 4 Demographics * 5 Commerce * 6 Industry * 7 Education * 8 Transport * 9 Media * 10 Notable people from Ludhiana * 11 References * 12 External links History This translation from Urdu of a passage of Gulm Sarvar Lhaur's (alias Bute Shah) Tar-i mazan-i Panjb (History of the Punjab), written in the mid-19th century, is given in the Gazetteer for the Ludhiana District 1888-89: It was originally known as Lodi-Ana (The Lodi's Place) during the Lodi Dynasty under which the city was created. "In the reign of Sikandar, son of Bahlol Lodi, the people about Ludhiana were oppressed by the plundering Baluchis, and applied to the Emperor for assistance. Sikandar, in answer to their prayer, sent two of his Lodi chiefs, by name Yusaf Khan and Nihang Khan, with an army. These chiefs fixed on the present site of the Ludhiana city, which was then a village called Mir Hota. Nihang Khan remained at Mir Hota as the Emperor's Lieutenant; and called the place Ludhiana. He was succeeded by his son a grandson. The latter, Jalal Khan, built the fort of Ludhiana out of the bricks found at Sunet. He saved the town from invaders and treated all its citizen equally. His two sons partitioned the country round about Ludhiana, which was then lying in waste, amongst the people of the town, and distributed them in villages. In the time of Jalal Khan's grandsons, Alu Khan and Khizr Khan, the Lodi dynasty was overthrown by Babar; and the Lodis of Ludhiana sunk to the position of ordinary subjects of the Mughal empire. They are said to have lived close to the fort for many generations, but all traces of them have now disappeared, and even the tombs of Nihang and his immediate descendants have been lost sight of, although they are said to have been standing some years ago." The Lodi dynasty lost control of the throne of Delhi in 1526. The Mughals established a strong government at Sirhind, which itself was a sarkar (division) of the Delhi subah (province), and attached Ludhiana as a mahal or parganah. The century and a half following the death of Akbar (a Mughal emperor) in 1605 was dominated by the rise of Sikhism as a power, and the decline of the Mughal empire. By this time the Mughal empire was tottering to its fall, and various local powers began to assert their independence. The Rais of Raikot who until then had held a considerable tract of land around Ludhiana in lease from the emperors were some of the first to assert their independence. Raja Ala Singh of Patiala, the representative of the crumbling Delhi Sultanate and Rai Kalha II were the principal actors contenders for power in the region. "Rai Kalha III,who appears to have been a ruler of very great ability, extended his power up to

Ludhiana. He established independent power over the whole of the Jagraon(the place of the Rais)and the greater part of Ludhiana Tahsils, and a large portion of the Ferozepur District."Khan Bahadur Rai Inayat Khan of Raikot(the custodian of Guru Gobind Singh ji's Ganga Sagar) was the Chief of Rai family at the time of partition of India 1947. Hatur, Chakar, Talwandi Rai in 1478 AD,Halwara and Raikot in 1648 AD and Jagraon in 1680 AD were founded by the Manj Rai family of Raikot and their ancestors-Ref:Ludhiana Dist Gazetteer 1888-89,1904,1935. Chiefs of Punjab 1890,1909,1940., Mahan Kosh p. 311 by Bhai Kahan Singh Nabha, Encyclopaedia of Sikhism by Prof Harbans Singh-Vol 2, p 416, The Sikh Ref Book by Dr Harjinder Singh Dilgeer p 464, 196 In 1741, Ala Singh defeated Rai Kalha III and chased him out of the country, but he soon recovered the territory. Thinking to take advantage of this power struggle, Nadir Shah invaded, and crossed the Sutlej at Ludhiana, which was then on its banks, and marched through the district along what is now the Grand Trunk Road. Nadir Shah is said to have ordered a general massacre of the inhabitants of Ludhiana on the account of some petty fault, but it seems doubtful that he did. His successor, Ahmed Shah Durrani, invaded in 1747. On reaching the Sutlej at Ludhiana, he found his passage opposed by the son of the emperor, Kamardin, with a huge army that had advanced from Sirhind. Durrani avoided the conflict but ended up in direct confrontation with him very near Khanna. While Ahmad Shah Bahadur was defeated, the losses were very heavy on both sides. The subsequent invasions of Ahmad Shah were not resisted by the Mughal troops from Sirhind, but they were constantly harassed by the Phulkian chiefs and the Rais. It was some time about 1760 that the Rais were permitted by Ahmed Shah to take possession of the town of Ludhiana and to extend their power over the country about. Although Zain Khan was appointed by Ahmad Shah as Governor of Sirhind in 1761, he was defeated and slain in 1763 by huger armies of Sikhs. They took possession of Sirhind, which they leveled with the ground. The fall of Sirhind marked the last vestige of Mughal control over the area, and Ludhiana was left in possession of the Rais. The Malaudh Sirdars belonging to the Phulkian stock had already established themselves in the south of Ludhiana in the Jangal villages and the country about Malaudh;[1] and Sudha Singh Gill, an adventurer from Loharu in the Ferozepur district, secured a few villages around Sahnewal. In 1767 Ahmed Shah reached Ludhiana on his last expedition but got no further. Around 1785, the Sutlej changed in course so that Ludhiana was no longer situated on its banks. The condition of the country during the latter part of the 18th century was one of considerable prosperity. The rule of the Rais is still spoken of as being very mild; and it is said that they fixed only one-fourth of the produce as their due.

In 1798, Ludhiana was attacked by the Sikhs under Bedi Sahib Singh of Una. At the time, the ruler of the Rais, Rai Alias was a child. His agents Roshan and Gujar made a good stand against the Sikhs at Jodh, ten miles (16 km) southwest of Ludhiana. Roshan was the killed in the fight, and Rai's army was dispersed. However, the Phulkian chiefs, who were on good terms with the Rais, had no intention of allowing the Bedi to establish himself in their midst and came to their aid, driving the invaders out of the villages. Upon the Bedi's siege of Ludhiana, the Rais called in British mercenary George Thomas to help with the defense of the city. On Thomas's approach, Bedi retreated to the other side of the river. Having recently consolidated the new Sikh Empire, Maharaja Ranjit Singh crossed the Sutlej in 1806 in his first expedition against the Cis-Sutlej states and stripped the Rais of all their possessions, including Ludhiana. The city was occupied but not immediately annexed to the Lahore state. By 1809 Ranjit Singh was completing his third expedition and was again on the west bank of the Sutlej ready to attack Ludhiana. Fearing further expansion that was coming closer to their headquarters in Delhi, British imperialist forces occupied the Cis-Sutlej states east of the Sutlej. The British sent Colonel David Ochterlony with a force to occupy Ludhiana. By the end of 1809, The Treaty with the Rajah of Lahore was signed in which the Rajah agreed to remain north and west of the Sutlej. British troops were permanently stationed in Ludhiana, and they established a cantonment to further consolidate their occupation. Compensation was paid by the British to the Raja of Jind. In 1835, the Jind family, who technically still ruled Ludhiana, were left without any heirs. By the British doctrine of lapse, Ludhiana came under official control of the imperialists. Following the First Afghan War, Ludhiana became the residence of the exiled family of Shah Shuja. The British cantonment was abandoned in 1854. During the Indian Rebellion of 1857 Deputy-Commissioner Ricketts crushed a rebellion in Ludhiana with the assistance of the chiefs of Nabha and Maler Kotla. Maulana Habibur Rehman, a leader of the Indian Independence Movement, was born in Ludhiana. Geography Ludhiana is located at 3054N 7551E / 30.9N 75.85E / 30.9; 75.85.[2] It has an average elevation of 244 metres (798 ft). Ludhiana City, to its residents, consists of the Old City and the New City (or the residential and official quarters of the Colonial British encampment, traditionally known as Civil Lines; this is as opposed to the Army Lines, which are no longer extant as the British Cantonment was abandoned in 1845). The land dips steeply to the North and the West, where prior to 1785 the river Sutlej used to run: this whole area is now mostly unplanned residential communities, with many polluting industries set up in houses due to lack of enforcement of zoning laws.

The Old Fort was situated at the banks of the Sutlej (and now houses The College of Textile Engineering) and legend has it that an underground tunnel connects it to the Fort in Phillaur - although why this should be is debatable, as the Sutlej was the traditional dividing line between the two principalities, often occupied by enemy forces (see History section) The ground is of yellow sandstone and granite, forming small hillocks, plateaus and dips. The tree of largest natural extraction was the kikar, or Acacia indica but has been supplanted by the Eucalyptus, transplanted from rural Australia in the late 1960s by the government of Chief Minister Pratap Singh Kairon. Gulmohars and Jacarandas were planted by the British along the avenues of Civil Lines, as were other flowering trees, while the Old City contains almost no vegetation or parks, except for a few isolated pipal trees, holy to the Hindus, as it is supposed to be the abode of Lord Shiva. Demographics As of 2001 India census,[4] Ludhiana City had a population of 1,395,053. Males constitute 57% of the population and females 43%. Ludhiana has an average literacy rate of 70%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 72%, and female literacy is 68%. In Ludhiana, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age. Punjabi is the official language of the city of Ludhiana. Due to warm and enterprising nature of Punjabis, people from different cultures are settling here, enriching the city with new languages such as Hindi, English, Rajasthani, Himachali etc. Commerce Ludhiana suffers from the same haphazard, disorderly growth of its boundaries, as most industrial moffusil towns of this burgeoning country of 1 billion. Recently there has been a proposal to extend the Octroi Posts (check points officially under the Deptt. of Commerce but actually manned privately by goons of local politicoes, who dish out annual leases) about 8 km.s in each direction. Although the Government designated an Industrial Area in the 1970s, it is common for many ancillary, and even primary, industries to be located in residential neighborhoods. Ludhiana also boasts of best retail malls. The World Bank ranked Ludhiana as the city in India with the best business environment in 2009.[5] Ludhiana is also home to the Ludhiana Stock Exchange Association. Industry Question book-new.svg This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2011) Ludhiana is known as the "Manchester of India" because it is the industrial hub of Punjab. There are 8 large integrated knitwear factories, roughly 6,000 small to medium sized knitwear factories , 10 big hosiery yarn mills and 150 small- to medium-sized worsted and

woolen yarns.Due to wide expansion of industry Ludhiana is counted in high capita income cities of India.Ludhiana has most Mercedes cars as compare to other cities of India. Education Ludhiana is home to the largest agricultural university in Asia, Punjab Agricultural University[citation needed]. The College of Veterinary Sciences at PAU which, recently had been upgraded to the Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science University (GADVASU). Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Bhutta College of Engineering And Technology and Ludhiana College of Engineering & Technology are three main colleges offering quality education in engineering. Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College is a very old and renowned institution offering best available facilities and education for engineering students. PCTE Group of Institutes Baddowal, SDP College for Women , Khalsa College,Gujranwala Guru Nanak Institute Of Management & Technologies (Co Educational), Arya College for Boys, Kamla Lohtia College, Sri Aurobindo College of Commerce and Management and SCD Government Colleges for Boys and Girls are some of the other reputed colleges for higher education in this region. S.C.D Government College for Boys is named after Satish Chander Dhawan - a renowned Space Scientist, who like many of his disillusioned compatriots migrated to the USA, and had a long & illustrious career at MIT, Massachusetts. Other famous people from Ludhiana include the well-loved poet Sahir Ludhianvi, the renowned Punjabi literaturer Dr Vidya Bhaskar Arun, economists M S Gill and SS Johl, union HRD minister Kapil Sibbal, the retired police chief KPS Gill, and film-director David Dhawan . Ludhiana also has one law school, The University Institute of Laws. Ludhiana is also home to some of the region's best medical institutions like the Christian Medical College Ludhiana, Dayanand Medical College & Hospital. DMCH with a dedicated ancillary for cardiology is counted among the best hospitals in the region along with the more famous Apollo Hospital. Ludhiana too has two Homeopathic Medical Colleges, Lord Mahavira HMC and H and the other one Sri Guru Nanak Dev HMC and H. Both colleges produce Bachelors in Homeopathic medicine.It has one physiotherapy colllege-All saints medical college Ludhiana also has a very sound primary education system with a couple of notable primary and government schools imparting quality education. Ludhiana also takes pride of having the Panjab University Extension Library which has a huge collection of Books, Periodicals, Journals and Newspapers for the enthusiasts. Transport Ludhiana is well connected by air and rail as it is on main Delhi-Amritsar route and is an important railway junction with lines going to Jalandhar, Ferozepur, Dhuri and Delhi . The city is very well connected with daily or weekly trains to most places in India including the major cities of Jammu, Amritsar, Jalandhar, Mukerian, Pathankot, Delhi, Mumbai and Kolkata. For administrative reasons the station is under Ferozepur Railway Division. There is

also a proposal to construct a railway line between Ludhiana and Chandigarh. The government has even passed a dedicated freight track between Ludhiana and Kolkata. Ludhiana is connected by air with Delhi. Air India and Kingfisher flies daily between New Delhi and Ludhiana Airport.[6] Moving inside the city is done mostly by mini-buses, auto-rickshaws, and pedal rickshaws, loosely licensed by the Municipal Corporation. The government has signed a Memorandum of Understanding with Delhi for construction of a Ludhiana Metro. The government is looking at purchasing another 500 acres (2.0 km2) of land to construct the new international airport.[citation needed]. Ludhiana's status as a large industrial hub is cited as a reason for another international airport in Punjab after Amritsar. Ludhiana is also known as "Merc City" Media * 7StarNews.com * Daily Suraj * Punjab Infoline * Mahua TV Notable people from Ludhiana * Majid Khan (cricketer) * Pankaj Kapur * Bobby Deol * Dharmendra * Sunny Deol * Abhay Deol * Divya Dutta * Ishmeet Singh * Juhi Chawla * Simi Garewal * Tiger Jeet Singh * Sunil Bharti Mittal * Raman Mundair * Sahir Ludhianvi * Kartar Singh Sarabha * Sukhdev Thapar * Udham Singh * Priyanka Sharma * David Dhawan * Anand Mahindra * Jay Ranade Akalgarh

Akalgarh is a census town in Ludhiana district in the state of Punjab, India. Geography Akalgarh is located at 2949N 7553E / 29.82N 75.88E / 29.82; 75.88.[1] It has an average elevation of 214 metres (702 feet). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Akalgarh had a population of 6600. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. The three major clans of the town is Gill, Grewal, and Chauhan. Doraha Doraha is a city and a municipal council in Ludhiana district in the state of Punjab, India. Contents * 1 Demographics * 2 Political history and background * 3 Education * 4 Transport Facilities * 5 Business Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Doraha had a population of 18,975. Males constitute 56% of the population and females 44%.The main clans that dominate the city are Sidhu, [Gill], Bector, Ablish . Doraha has an average literacy rate of 71%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 74% and, female literacy is 66%. In Doraha, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age. Sikhism (55%) Hinduism (45%) Political history and background This city has a great political background. This area has given two Chief Ministers. First was S. Gian Singh Rarewala and the other was S. Beant Singh Ji Kotli. His son S. Tej Parkash Singh Ji M.L.A., Ex-Tpt. Minister Punjab, is looking after the area. S. Mihan Singh Gill was minister in the Govt. of S. Gian Singh Rarawala, S. Harnek Singh Mangewal was minister in the Govt. of S. Harcharan Singh Brar. S. Bhag Singh M.L.A., Smt. Nirlep Kaur M.L.A., S. Sadhu Singh Ghudani M.L.A., S. Malkit Singh Dakha all belong to this city. Municipal Council Doraha S. Lakhvir Singh Lakha ( Payal ) President Of Youth Congress has fixed the Statue of S. Beant Singh, C.M. Punjab recently.[2] This city has the foot touch of the 6th Guru of Sikhism Sh. Hargobind Ji. Relating to him here are four places known as: Gurudwara Damdama Sahib, Ber Sahib, Sarai Sahib, and Bauli Sahib. Education The Doraha city has a college named Guru Nanak National College. It was founded by Dr. Ishwar Singh in 1974. Before this college the boys and girls went to Khanna and Ludhiana for higher education. There is another college also known as G.T.B. College. There is a Govt.

Senior Secondary School, 2 Govt. Primary Schools and a Municipal Primary School. Except these Govt. schools other private educational institutions are also working which are known as Aryaputri Pathshalla, Khalsa Girls High School, Saraswati Model School, Shakti Model School, Dashmesh Model School, Guru Nanak Model Senior Secondary School. The new schools opened in Doraha are Mehta Gurukul Senior Secondary School, Doraha Public School. Even two new colleges have opened namely Doraha College of Education and Doraha Institute of Management and Technology. Transport Facilities Doraha is connected with bigger cities like Ludhiana and Khanna through a six lane highway (under construction). Trains are also available as the Ludhiana Delhi railway line goes through Doraha, but it is not a preferred mode of transportation for shorter distances. Business Majority of population in Doraha is self employed. Recently Bee keeping business has flourished showing steep growth. Industrialization of the town is picking pace because of ease access to bigger markets like Ludhiana, Jalandhar, Amritsar, Chandigar and Delhi. The first highway outlet of McDonalds, opened its operation on 25 March 2002, it is serving travellers and, Ludhianivis and is the first drive through restaurant in the region at Doraha (15 km from the town) on National Highway No.1. Recently American fast food chain Subway also opened its outlet in the vicinity. After deliberating whether to open McDonalds in Chandigarh or Ludhiana, it was decided by the company that a Highway McDonalds at Doraha was a better choice in terms of space. Jagraon Jagraon is a city and a municipal council in the Ludhiana district in the Indian state of Punjab. Jagraon is more than three centuries old. It has been thought by some that the city's original name was Jagar aon, meaning A place of great flooding, although this flooding has since ceased. It could also be argued that Jagraon actually derives from a source with a suffix -graon being a development of the Sanskrit Grama, meaning Village as found in the Hindi word Gaon. Jagraon is located at almost the geographical center of Punjab state, only 16 kilometres from the River Satluj. Contents * 1 History and religious significance * 2 Geography and connectivity * 3 Demographics * 4 Industry o 4.1 Education History and religious significance Jagraon is an important religious center for Hindus, Sikhs, Muslims as well as Jains. Jagraon (Jagrawan - The place of the Rais) was founded by Rai Kamaluddin father of Rai Kalha III of

Raikot in 1688 AD. Gurdwara Nanaksar Sahib is one of the important places of worship for the Sikhs. Gurdwara Mehdiana Sahib is known for its unique depiction of scenes from Sikh history, especially those of atrocities committed on the Sikhs by various Mughal rulers, in the form of life-sized statues. There are also many Hindu temples in Jagraon. Muslim places of worship include the famous Khangah and the mausoleum of Mai Jeena, where a threeday annual fair, called the Roshni Mela is held in the third week of February every year. Before 1947 there was a large Muslim presence in this area. Gurudwara Nanaksar, a gurdwara built as a memorial for of the Saint, Baba Nand Singh The Jain temple in Jagraon is considered as one of the most holy places for Jains in the region. The temple has a peaceful ambience and lush green gardens and attracts thousands of pilgrims from the Jain community all over the world, for the annual Diksha Mahotsav in the third week of March. The old walled city, with its four gates is known locally for its Mughal period architecture. Even the local market within the walled city is known as Anarkali bazaar, after the title of a beauty at Mughal Emperor Akbar's court. Jagraon is also the home of Late Lala Lajpat Rai, a well-known figure in the Indian Independence movement, who greatly influenced patriots and great freedom fighters like Shaheed Bhagat Singh. His house is now a municipal library. The Chiefs of Jagraon according to Major Charles Francis Massy's 'Chiefs and Families of Note in the Punjab' were the Chandravanshi Rajputs, the last being Rai Inayat Khan,the custodian of Guru Sahib's Ganga Sagar at the time of the Partition of India in 1947. Rai Aziz Ullah Khan ex-MP (MNA) in Pakistan is the grandson of Rai Inayat Khan.[1] Geography and connectivity Jagraon is located at 3047N 7529E / 30.78N 75.48E / 30.78; 75.48.[2] It has an average elevation of 234 metres (767 ft). The geographical center of present day Indian state of Punjab lies only around 8 miles north of the city. The tehsil of Jagraon is bound to the North by River Satluj, which separates it from District Jalandhar. To the West lies District Moga, Raikot lies 13 miles to the South and Ludhiana city is 24 miles East. Jagraon is connected by Rail to Ludhiana and Firozpur. It is located at the junction of National Highways No. 95 and 71. The nearest airports are: Halwara (16 km), Sahnewal (45 km) and Adampur (70 km). The nearest international ports are Guru Ram Das International Airport, Rajasansi (150 km), Wagah Landport (Border with Pakistan) (162 km) and Indira Gandhi International Airport, New Delhi (360 km). Demographics As of 2001 India census,[3] Jagraon had a population of 60,106. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Jagraon has an average literacy rate of 68%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 71%, and female literacy is 65%. In Jagraon, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. Besides this, the city has a large seasonal and migrant population which remains unaccounted. There is a distinctive mix of rural and sub-

urban population in Jagraon. The city has a good mix of people from many faiths, including Sikhs, Hindus, Muslims, Jains, Buddhists, Mazhabis etc. Before the Partition of India in 1947, the city was home to a sizeable Muslim population. Industry The Jagraon Vegetable and Grain Market is the second largest Grain Market of Asia after Khanna. The city's major industry, besides agriculture, is rice husking, with more than 100 rice shelling facilities. Jagraon hosts the second largest animal market in Punjab, the largest being Vallah, near Amritsar. The proposed green field international airport project at Halwara was shelved owing to differences among the Civil Aviation Ministry and the Indian Air Force. Education There are several schools in Jagraon affiliated to different national as well as state education boards. Swami Roop Chand Jain Sr. Sec. public School and Sanmati Vimal Jain Sr. Sec. public School are famous for their prestigious history of producing PSEB toppers in the region as well as the state. Others include Sacred Heart Convent School and DAV Public School. There are two main centres of higher education in the city, namely, Govt. College of Science Education and Research, popularly known as the Science College, and Lala Lajpat Rai D.A.V College. Science College attracts students from many different regions of Punjab and nearby states. Lala Lajpat Rai D.A.V college is also very popular in jagraon & other cities. B.C.A, B.B.A, MSC(I.T), FASHION DESIGN AND many more courses are available here. The cluster of educational institutions at Sidhwan, 7 kilometres from Jagraon, (in which the College of Law is the latest addition), is a centre for higher professional and vocational education for women in the state of Punjab. Khanna Khanna is a city and a municipal council in the Ludhiana district of the Indian state of Punjab. Contents * 1 Etymology * 2 Demographics * 3 Trivia * 4 Politics * 5 Notable people * 6 Schools of Khanna Etymology Khanna is a Punjabi word, which means One Quarter (1/4th or 0.25). The city was named thus because of its size, which used to be just a quarter of what a normal city should be. In other words, it used to be a very small city. Khanna the biggest Grain Market of Asia followed by the Grain Market of Rajpura Punjab is on internet. Khanna is an ancient town which came into existence 500 years back. History reveals that Sher Shah Suri built a

number of sarais (inns) at every 12 to 15 miles along the Delhi-Lahore road. One of the sarais was built in this area which is still known as the Purani Sarai. After the decline of Mughal rule in the Punjab, Banda Bahadur captured the area from Sirhind to Hoshiarpur. After that a Jathedar of Dahedu controlled and occupied the whole of the area from Dahedu to Nabha. He married his daughter Daya Kaur to King of Nabha. When a family dispute arose between King of Nabha and Rani Daya Kaur she left Nabha for good and came back to Dahedu to her parental home. According to Indian conventions she could not remain with her parents forever. Therefore, her father cut out a KANN which signifies a Small Portion of the territory between Dahedu and Nabha.It is well known for its agriculture. With the passage of time, the word KANN came to be known as KHANNA. khannagobindgarh tv on net For Latest News about khanna please visit www.khannagobindgarh.com The city is located at a distance of 40 km from the city of Ludhiana on the Grand Trunk Road (National Highway 1) and is home to Asia's largest grain market. Its area is about 70 km2. Villages nearby include Payal, Ikolaha, Rahoun, Isroo, Harion Kalan and Boothgarh,Bulepur,rasulra. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census"Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 2004-06-16. http://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.p hp?stad=A&state5=999. Retrieved 2008-11-01. , Khanna had a population of 103,059. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. According to the censuses 35% are Muslim or follow Islam, 20% are Hindu, 50% follow Sikhism and 5% are classified as 'other'. Khanna has an average literacy rate of 72%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 75%, and female literacy is 68%. In Khanna, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age. Khanna has Following colleges: 1. A. S. College for Women 2. College Main 3. A.S. College of Education 4. R. V. College for Women 5. Gulzar Group of Institutes 6. Sanskrit College Khanna 7. Sanjeevni nursing college khanna You can also read latest news about khanna at www.khannagobindgarh.com Trivia A popular market in Khanna Khanna is also a Punjabi Khatri clan/surname common with Hindu, Sikh and Muslim families. It belongs to the top of the Khatri pyramid, called the Dhai Ghar (which means 2)

consisting of: Khanna, Kapoor, Malhotra & Seth. The large number of Banias residing in Khanna have a huge impact on the city. Politics S.S. Dullo, the Ex-President PPCC is a resident of Khanna. The Congress President of Dist. Ludhiana, Mr. Bhalinder Singh Bhandal also resides in Khanna. Sukhdev Singh Libra is the MP. The president of Municipal council Khanna is Iqbal singh channi. Notable people Sardool Sikander,also a well known personality in singing, is a resident of the village Bullepur near Khanna. Schools of Khanna Surkhaab Public High School, sacred Heart Convent School, Radha Vatika, A.S Modern School, Atam Manohar Jain Modern School, Hindi Putri Pathshala, D.A.V Public School, Lala Sarkaru Mal Sarvhitkari vidya mandir, Green Grove School, Swami Chhagan lal school, Spring Dale Public Senior Secondary School (khanna khurd), Walia High School, Robin Public School, khalsa High School, A.S. High school, D.A.V. Sr. Sec. Model School Khanna, G T B High School Model Town, Inderprasth Public School, Himalaya Public School Bija Bija or Beeja is a village in District Ludhyana in India. It is situated about 30 km from Ludhiana city. See also * Ludhiana district Machhiwara Machhiwara ( : ) is a village and a nagar panchayat in the Ludhiana district of the Indian state of Punjab. Machhiwara is famous for Gurudwara Sri Charan Kanwal Sahib named after the Guru's feet that are compared to the lotus flower. When Emperor Aurangzeb's army attacked the fortress of Chamkaur Sahib, Guru Gobind Singhji successfully resisted their onslaught and slipped away into the forests of Machhiwara. The Mughal forces got wind of his whereabouts and Guru Gobind Singhji was saved by two of his Muslim devotees who disguised him as their Muslim prophet. The place where the Guruji rested is where the Gurudwara stands today. This town was owned by Rana Udho Singh Ghorewaha who received Rahon as a Jagir from Akbar the Great in return for his capturing of the rebel General Bairam Khan. This town and many surrounding it were owned by Ghorewaha Rajputs. Geography Machhiwara is located at 3055N 7612E / 30.91N 76.2E / 30.91; 76.2.[1] It has an average elevation of 262 metres (859 feet). Demographics

As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Machhiwara had a population of 18,363. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. The major Jat clan in the town is Dhaliwal, and Waraich. Machhiwara has an average literacy rate of 60%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 64%, and female literacy is 56%. In Machhiwara, 14% of the population is under 8 years of age. Sikhism (49%) Hinduism (48%) Others (2%) Maloud Maloud is a town and a nagar panchayat in Ludhiana district in the Indian state of Punjab. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Maloud had a population of 7160. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Maloud has an average literacy rate of 69%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 74%, and female literacy is 63%. In Maloud, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age. Many Deol, cheema and Dhillon jats are resided. Mullanpur Dakha Mullanpur Dakha is a town and a nagar panchayat in Ludhiana district in the Indian state of Punjab. Dakha is a pind which is separate from mullanpur Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Mullanpur Dakha had a population of 14,607. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Mullanpur Dakha has an average literacy rate of 69%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 74%, and female literacy is 63%. In Mullanpur Dakha, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. Sikhism (60%) Hinduism (40%) Payal Payal is an Old Town and has municipal council in Ludhiana district in the Indian state of Punjab. Payal pronounced (pie 'al) is a popular Indian name that means anklets in Hindi. Its an ancient City, Very old temples more than 64, built in time or mugal times, and also find ancient art pictures in temples (Mahadev Mandir, Ganga Sagar, Nainda Devi, Ram Mandir and others), also has Gurudwaras about 6 and few mosques. Contents * 1 Demographics * 2 Accessory * 3 People Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Payal had a population of 7267. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Payal has an average literacy rate of 65%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 68%, and female literacy is 63%. In Payal, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Accessory A payal is an Indian accessory, traditionally worn by women, on their feet. It is best described as an anklet. It's intricacies differ from region to region across the country. Originally made of gold or silver, they have changed over time to accommodate the trends and are also found made of threads of different fibers, plastic and leather. While originally they were made of only pure metals, with intricate designs carved in them, or 'filigri' work, they are also found with semi-precious and precious stones embedded in them. They would also have tiny bells hanging from them, that made a sound as the wearer moved. Used in different forms of dance, they are similar to 'ghungroos' but quieter, and perhaps more "delicate". They are worn as part of every Indian dress. People * Payal Rohatgi (Indian actress) Raikot Raikot is a city and municipal council in Ludhiana district in Indian state of Punjab. Contents * 1 History * 2 Demographics * 3 Geography History Raikot, the walled city,[clarification needed] was founded by Rai Ahmad in 1648.[citation needed] One story about the leader of the city Rai Kalha III, the Muslim Rajput chief of Raikot, says that he once had the opportunity to offer his hospitality to Guru Gobind Singh, the founder of Sikhism, in 1705, at the risk of losing everything, including his life and that of his family. In appreciation and gratitude,Guru Gobind Singh gave him a Ganga Sagar[1][clarification needed], a sword, and a wooden rehel[clarification needed] (used for reading religious scriptures) as personal gifts for his brevity and courage.[citation needed] During the era of the British Raj, the Kuka movement in August 1871 led to the hanging of three persons in the city for trying to get cow slaughter houses closed.[citation needed] Demographics As of the 2001 Indian census,[2] Raikot had a population of 24,738. Males constituted 53% of the population and females 47%. Raikot has an average literacy rate of 66%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 70%, and female literacy is 62%. Population is a mixture of Hindus, Sikhs, Jains and Muslim. Geography Raikot is located at 3039N 7536E / 30.65N 75.6E / 30.65; 75.6.[3] It has an average elevation of 235 metres (770 feet) Sahnewal

Sahnewal is a town and a nagar panchayat in Ludhiana district in the Indian state of Punjab. Contents * 1 Demographics * 2 Industry * 3 Religious Places * 4 Famous Residents Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Sahnewal had a population of 17,248. Males constituted 54% of the population and females 46%. At that time, Sahnewal had an average literacy rate of 61%, lower than the national average of 70%: male literacy was 35%, and female literacy was 27%. In Sahnewal, 12% of the population was under 6 years of age. Industry This town has good commercial and industrial activity also. The main bazaar is situated on Kohara to Delhon Road. Ward No. 6 & 8 comprise of old village Sahnewal and old Sahnewal bazaar which was a prospering business centre before partition. The town has a good number of educational and Medical facilities, Post Office, Telephone Exchange, FCI Godown and an office of the Market Committee. In addition to it, there is a Railway Station also. Even narrow streets of old village have C.C. Flooring. Ward no. 1 Prem Colony and ward no. 9 New Settlement are the slum areas of the town. But these colonies have been provided with 100 percent C.C. Flooring and street lights. Religious Places This place has a historical gurdwara, Damdama Sahib, associated with Guru Gobind Singh. While leaving Chamkaur Sahib, the great Guru passed through, Machhiwara, Ghulal, Katana Sahib, Reru Sahib, Kanech Village reaching Sanehwal on 27th Dec, 1704. Here he leaned against a Karir tree to take rest and called for the village panchayat. But none turned up saying that there was no panchayat over here. The great Master ordered that there would be none in future also. Saying this the Guru started on his onward march, when a few of the village folk approached him asking for forgiveness and served the Guru. The Guru said that elder and wise people would do justice in the absence of a Panchayat. Such is the situation and it goes on. Another historical Gurudwara Reru Sahib (Nandpur) is situated here. Gurudwara Reru Sahib (Nandpur) is also associated with Guru Gobind Singh. While on his way to Khidrana Dheh (Muktsar) from Chamkaur Sahib, Guru Ji stayed here on the night of 27/28 December, 1704, spent a night under the reru tree. That Reru tree is still here. That is why, this gurudwara is called Reru Sahib. Majaar of peer baba BOHRI SHAH is also of great importance. Famous Residents

Famous Bollywood star, Dharmendra is from Sahnewal.[citation needed] divya dutta film star is from sahnewal Samrala Samrala is a city and a municipal council in Ludhiana district in the Indian state of Punjab. It is about 35 km east of the district headquarters Ludhiana, on the highway to Chandigarh. Samrala is a Class III Municipality. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 Demographics Geography Samrala is located at 3050N 7611E / 30.84N 76.19E / 30.84; 76.19.[1] It has an average elevation of 249 metres (816 feet). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Samrala had a population of 17,610. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Samrala has an average literacy rate of 72%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 76%, and female literacy is 68%. In Samrala, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age. The town has a mixed Hindu-Sikh population. The city is dominated mainly by the [Kang], [Dhillon],[Shahi], [Tiwari],[Sidhu],[Dhaliwal],[Khullar],[Toor] Urban: Hinduism (75%) Sikhism (25%) Rural: Sikhism (42%) Hinduism (58%) Mansa district Mansa district is situated in Punjab, India. The main town is Mansa. It was formed on 13 April 1992 from the erstwhile Bathinda district. The district has an area of 2174 km and a population of 688,630 (2001 census), with a population density of 317 persons per km. The district is roughly triangular in shape, and is bounded on the northwest by Bathinda district, on the northeast by Sangrur district, and on the south by Haryana state. The district is divided into three tehsils, Budhlada, Mansa, and Sardulgarh. The Ghaggar River flows through Sardulgarh tehsil in the southwestern corner of the district. It is situated on the rail line between Bathinda-Jind-Delhi section and also situated on the Barnala-Sardulgarh-Sirsa road. The population is Punjabi-speaking and is wedded to the culture of the Malwa belt of Punjab. Contents * 1 Agriculture and industry * 2 History * 3 Major cities and towns o 3.1 Budhlada * 4 How to reach

Agriculture and industry Mansa is situated in the cotton belt of Punjab and therefore popularly called the "Area of white gold". Indeed agriculture forms the backbone of the district economy. During the months of November and December a visitor to this part of Punjab can witness the pristine, milky white blooms of cotton. Industrially, the district is very deficient, yet some trade and industry is being carried out in urban areas. History Mansa district has pre-harappan,harappan and late harappan sites which prove that region was inhabited by people as late as 2800 BC.According to the gazetteer of bathinda district harappan sites in this region were mapped by archaeologist B.B Lal in the year 1981-82 Harappan sites found in mansa district Pre-Harappan Period 1. Alipur Manoran 2. Bagliande-Theh 3. Bare 4. Chhoti Mansa 5. Dhalewan 6. Gurni Kalan 7. Hasan Pur 8. Hirke 9. Lakhmir Wala 10. Naiwala Theh Harappan Period 1. Alipur Mandran 2. Baglian-de-Theh 3. Dalewan 4. Chhoti Mansa 5. Gurni Kalan 6. Hassanpur 7. Hirke 8. Karanpura 9. Lakhmir Wala 10. Lallian Wali 11. Lalu Wala 12. Ali-Da-Theh 13. Naiwala Theh Late Harappan Period 1. Alipur Mandran 2. Chhoti Mansa 3. Ali-Da-Theh 4. Bare 5. Bhikhi 6. Danewala 7. Dalewala 8. Nehriwala 9. Sahnewali. The town of mansa is said to have been founded by Bhai Gurdas who hailed from Dhingar, District. Mansa. He is said to have married a member of the Dhaliwal Jat Sikh clan at this place. Once he came to his in-laws to take his wife along with him but they refused to send her. At this, Bhai Gurdas sat in meditation before the house of his in-laws. After some time, the parents of the girl agreed to send their daughter with Bhai Gurdas. But he refused to take her along with him, stating that he had now renounced the worldly way of life. In his memory, his Samadh was constructed where a fair is held every year in March-April. People in large numbers attend the fair and offer Laddus and gur at the Samadh. The town has been categorised as a Class A municipality since 1952. During the late 80's many attacks on Hindus occurred by Sikh militants and was increasingly growing until army order was issued by the New Delhi government in the early 90's. Major cities and towns Budhlada Budha and Ladha were allegedly two brothers who were khatri by caste. The village was purportedly named after thes two brothers. Some of the population of the village was of Mazhabi and Ramdasia caste origins. It was a part of the former Kaithal state. The ruler of the Kaithal state did not help the British during the insurgency of 1857. So the British annexed the kingdom. Later on, it was merged with Karnal District. It was the largest market of East Punjab. It was a very big recruitment centre for military personnel - which was second to only to Rohtak in India. The prestigious Ashoka Chakra Award was conferred on Hawaldar Joginder Singh Datewas who was recruited from Budhlada. Budhlada city is 70km away from Bathinda and is situated on Bathinda-Delhi rail line. The border of Haryana

state is 25km away from the city. As per 1991 census, the total population of the city is 18,123. The sub division came into being on 1992-04-13. It has an Industrial Training Institute, JBT School, Guru Nanak College, Indira Gandhi College for Women, Govt. Senior Secondary School, DAV Model School and DAV Public School, Manu Vatika Day Boarding Senior Secondary School. CAL-C Computer Education etc... But now these days its still backward Area region. Its development is going down. How to reach Mansa is well linked to other cities, particularly the national capital, New Delhi, by an efficient rail and transport system. The nearest airports are located at New Delhi and Chandigarh which are 248 km and 180 km away by road respectively. It is connected by rail and situated on the DelhiBathinda branch line of the Northern Railway. A few trains from the New DelhiBathinda Intercity Express and Punjab Mail service to Mansa station. Besides, there are several passenger trains running between New Delhi and Mansa at regular intervals daily. Bhaini Bagha is a village located on the Mansa-Bathinda road 10 km from Mansa. Mansa is a city and a municipal council in Mansa district in the Indian state of Punjab. It is the administrative headquarters of Mansa district. The population is Punjabi-speaking and is wedded to the culture of the Malwa belt of Punjab. The district has an area of 2174 km and a population of 688,630 (2001 census), with a population density of 317 persons per km. The district is roughly triangular in shape, and is bounded on the northwest by Bathinda District, on North by Barnala District on the northeast by Sangrur District, and on the south by Haryana state. The district is divided into three tehsils, Budhlada, Mansa, and Sardulgarh. The Ghaggar River flows through Sardulgarh tehsil and Bhakhda river near Jhunir in the southwestern corner of the district. It is situated on the rail line between Bathinda-Jind-Delhi section and also situated on Barnala-Sardulgarh-Sirsa Road. Contents * 1 Agriculture and Industry * 2 History of town Mansa * 3 Geography * 4 Education * 5 Major Cities/Towns * 6 Sports * 7 How to reach * 8 Demographics Agriculture and Industry Mansa is situated in the cotton belt of Punjab and therefore fondly called the "Area of white gold". Indeed agriculture forms the backbone of the district economy. During the

months of November and December a visitor to this part of Punjab shall be the proud witness to the pristine, milky white bloom of cotton, as nature blossoms in her full glory. The view is indeed breath taking. While traversing the countryside, one gets a feeling of sailing through clouds. Industrially, the district is very deficient, yet some trade and industry is being carried out in urban areas. Major Project of Thermal Power Plant is going to construct soon in 2008 which will start producing power by 2012. History of town Mansa The town is said to have been founded by Bhai Gurdas who hailed from Dhingar, Distt. Mansa. He is said to have been married at this place among the Dhaliwal Jat Sikh. Once he came to his in-laws to take his wife along with him but they refused to send her. At this, Bhai Gurdas sat in meditation before the house of his in-laws. After some time, the parents of the girl agreed to send their daughter with Bhai Gurdas. But he refused to take her along with him, stating that he had now renounced the worldly way of life. In his memory, his Smadh was constructed where a fair is held every year in March-April. People in large numbers attend the fair and offer Laddus and Gur at Smadh. Class A municipality has been functioning in the town since 1952. Geography Mansa is located at 2959N 7523E / 29.98N 75.38E / 29.98; 75.38[1]. It has an average elevation of 212 metres (695 feet). Education Mansa is a rural town basically with the lowest literacy rate in the state, still the students of this town has done well in medical/engineering areas. Lack of colleges and institutes forces students to go out and study, which might not be possible for all the families, thus it compounds to the existing educational problems. It poses serious problems specially for the education of girls, where parents are reluctant to send their girls out of the town, thus even if the girls have potential to perform well, due to lacking facilities they are forced to stay at home. Mansa comes under classified backward areas of Punjab state and students get reservation in the govt quota for jobs or for higher studies. Town needs serious attention from the government for the growth and development. The roads are in bad state, sewage water is another big problem and specially in rainy season, posing threat for disease outbreak. In the past, there have been increased number of cancer cases in the area for which various governments have "said" and promised to do a lot, but practically nothing has been done to find out what is the actual cause of problem. Past few years have seen some changes with opening of new schools and B.Ed colleges but still a lot remains to be done and the area needs a strong leader who can advocate the voice of the people and work in the true sense for the development of area. Major Cities/Towns Budhlada

Budha and Ladha were two real brothers who were khatri by caste. The village has got its name from the name of these two brothers. Some of the population of the village was of Majhbi and Ramdasia. It was a part of Kaithal state_name. The king of the Kaithal state did not help the British during the insurgency of 1857. So the British annexed the kingdom. Later on, it was merged with Karnal District. It was the largest market of East Punjab. It was a very big recruitment centre of military personnels which was second to only to Rohtak in India. Prestigious Ashoka Chakra Award was conferred on Hawaldar Joginder Singh Datewas who was recruited from Budhlada. Budhlada city is 70 km away from Bathinda and is situated on Bathinda-Delhi rail line. The border of Haryana state is 25 km away from the city. It is 17 km away from Mansa. A popular Gurudwara Brahm Bunga is situated in Dodra 10 km from Budhlada. Every year, three main samagams are held at DODRA in the months of March, September and December. Sangat from all over the world comes over during these samagams to take laha.As per 1991 census, the total population of the city is 18,123. The sub division came into being in 13-4-1992. Sardulgarh The ancient name of Sardulgarh town was Rori Dhudal. It was a part of Patiala princely state before independence. The son of Maharaja Patiala, Mr. Sardul Singh came here for a hunting. There is a fort of Maharaja Patiala in a neglected state in which the office of the police station of Sardulgarh has been serving. The name of Sardulgarh town was named after Sardar Sardul Singh from Rori Dhudal. Initially Sardulgarh was a Sub tehsil. It was graded as a Sub Division in 1993 when tehsil headquarters were shifted from Jhunir to Sardulgarh. Earlier, there was a Gram Panchayat. It was upgraded to Nagar Panchayat on 1996-12-12. Joga This is the town about 20 minutes away from Mansa on Mansa Barnala Road and notably famous for the Freedom fighter Jangeer Singh Joga, belonging to Communist Party of India. He wasa national level freedom fighter and was the man who built the sleepy village of Joga to a bustling town with senior secondary schools for Girls & Boys,Library, Public School, Girls College, Civil Hospitals among other facilities. Principal K.D. Vashist and Mrs Bhupinder Kaur(who later retired as District Education Officer,Mansa) were among the notable principals of the Girls School Joga. Bhikhi This town is on Mansa-Patiala Road and emerging as major town of the District. Chotti Mansa It was actually village mansa in older times but these days due to developments it has become the part of Mansa city itself. Mainly famous for the Manshahia clan..... Sports Cricket

There is CRICKET academy in mansa. Which provides coaching facilities for young cricketers. Academy has a large no. talented crickets. MR. Jagmohan Singh dhaliwal is the coach of academy. How to reach Mansa is well linked to other cities, particularly the national capital, New Delhi, by an efficient rail and transport system. The nearest airports are located at New Delhi and Chandigarh which are 248 km and 180 km away by road respectively.New airports will be in working soon at ludhiana, International Airport at Mohali, Bhatinda. It is connected by rail and situated on the DelhiBathinda branch line of Northern Railway. Many trains like New DelhiBathinda Intercity Express,Ferozepur Mumbai Janta Express, Bikaner Guwahti Express and Punjab-Mail come to Mansa station. Besides, there are several passenger trains running between New Delhi and Mansa at regular intervals daily. Mansa is well connected to all the cities of punjab by bus routes. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census"Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 2004-06-16. http://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.p hp?stad=A&state5=999. Retrieved 2008-11-01. , Mansa had a population of 72,608. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Mansa has an average literacy rate of 65%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 70%, and female literacy is 59%. In Mansa, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age. Baretta Bareta is a city and a municipal council in Mansa district in the Indian state of Punjab. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[1], Baretta had a population of 14,882. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Baretta has an average literacy rate of 56%, lower than the national average of 59.5%; with 59% of the males and 41% of females literate. 14% of the population is under 6 years of age. Bareta, is one of the most underdeveloped areas in punjab.with no degree college ,students have to go to others cities.But again,this phenomenon has helped the students to get good jobs in the fields of ENGINEERING,IT,PHARMACY etc. In the field of industry again it has just to contain with rice milling,leather and cotton only. EMINENT PERSONALITIES late sh S.R. GARG I.A.S , Nand singh victoria, victoria cross,mvc , Mangat rai bansal m.l.a . sh. tara chand Registrar Punjab and Haryana high court ( retd ) . Mohan lal garg ex. chairman improvement trust bathinda Bhikhi Bhikhi is a town and a nagar panchayat in Mansa district in the state of Punjab, India. Geography

Bhikhi is located at 3004N 7532E / 30.07N 75.53E / 30.07; 75.53.[1] It has an average elevation of 219 metres (718 feet). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Bhikhi had a population of 15,078. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Bhikhi has an average literacy rate of 53%, lower than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 57% and female literacy of 48%. 14% of the population is under 6 years of age. Budhlada Budhlada is a city and a municipal council in Mansa district in the state of Punjab, India. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 Demographics * 3 History Geography Budhlada is located at 2956N 7534E / 29.93N 75.57E / 29.93; 75.57.[1] It has an average elevation of 211 metres (692 feet). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Budhlada had a population of 23,499. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Budhlada has an average literacy rate of 68%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 73% and female literacy of 62%. 13% of the population is under 6 years of age. Sikhism and Hinduism are the major religions studied in Budhlada making up 99% of the population. History Budhlada was a riyast, British police station before freedom. Famous "LOK NIKE" (Lok Nike means HERO OF PEOPLE) Jiauna Maur's brother Kishna Maur was arrested by Budhlada Police station. Both brothers helped the poor people. Another Hero Sucha Singh Soorma's village Samauo is almost 18 km away from Budhlada. But it remained neglected after the freedom of India, due to political reasons. Budhlada has been home to the great martyr Capt K. K. Gaur and the great social reformer Babu Hitabhilash and also connected by rail and road ways to other cities of punjab, haryana and more the famous places of city are Krishna Mandir, Shiva Mandir, Hanuman Mandir,Gurudwara Guru Teg Bahadur, Guru Nanak College, Beer Bar, Pubs, Jagat Palace, Pool Center, New court complex, ITI stadium, Punjab Technical University Study Center, Sips & Bites restaurant. CHOURI GALI which is main place in Budhlada city....say model town of budhlada city.... Sardulgarh Sardulgarh is a town and a nagar panchayat in Mansa district in the Indian state of Punjab. Geography

Sardulgarh is located at 2942N 7515E / 29.7N 75.25E / 29.7; 75.25.[1] It has an average elevation of 210 metres (688 feet). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Sardulgarh had a population of 16,315. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Sardulgarh has an average literacy rate of 54%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 59%, and female literacy is 48%. Moga district Moga district is one of the nineteen districts in the state of Punjab in North-West India. It became the 17th district of Punjab State on 24 November 1995. It is also known as NRI district. Most Punjabi Non-resident Indians (NRIs) belong to rural areas of Moga District, who immigrated to the USA, the UK and Canada in the last 30-40 years. 40-45% of the population of NRIs from Canada, the US and the UK belong to Moga district. Moga District is among the largest producers of wheat and rice in Punjab, India. People from Moga City and Moga District belong to the Malwa culture. Numerous attempts were previously made to make Moga a district but all were unsuccessful. Finally the then Chief Minister of Punjab S. Harcharan Singh Brar agreed to the public demand to make this a district on 24 November 1995. Before this, Moga was the subdivision of Faridkot district. Moga town, the headquarters of the district, is situated on Ferozpur-Ludhiana road. Contents * 1 Towns * 2 Villages * 3 Notable people Towns The towns of Bagha Purana, Dharamkot and Nihal Singh Wala are situated in Moga District. Bagha Purana lies on the main road connecting Moga and Faridkot and thus is a major hub for buses to all across Punjab. Bagha Purana's police station has the largest jurisdiction in Punjab; over 65 "pinds" or villages are within its control. The town is basically divided into 3 'pattis' or sections: Muglu Patti (the biggest one), Bagha Patti, and Purana Patti. The town has its fair share of rich people and thus the standard of living is above average as compared to the surrounding towns and villages. Dharamkot is a city and a municipal council in Moga district. Seetal Singh is a present Akali MLA from Dahrmkot in Punjab Vidhan Sabha. Villages Villages in the district include: Ajitwal, Badhni Kalan (Rural), Badhni Khurd, Bagha Purana Paindu, Baghele Wala, Bambia Bhai, Bara Ghar, Barewala, Basti Sandhwa Urf Patti S, Baude, Bhagike, Bhekha, Bahona, Bhullar, Bilaspur, Bir Badhni, Bir Rauke, Bishan Pura, Budh Singh Wala, Bughipura, Bukan Wala, Burj Dona, Burj Hamira, Burj Sahiba, Buttar, Chak Bijasar,

Chand Nawan, Chand Purana, Chanuwala, Charik, Cheeda, Chhota Ghar, Chotian Kalan, Chotian Khurd, Chotian Thoba, Chugawan, Chuhar Chak, Chuhar Singhwala, Chumata, Chup Kiti Sandhuan Wala, Dadahoor, Dagru, Dala, Daluwala, Darapur, Daroli Bhai, Daudhar East, Daudhar West, Daulatpur Newan, Daulatpur Uncha, Demru Kalan, Demru Khurd, Dhaleke, Dharam Singh Wala, Dhilwan Wala, Dhudike, Dhurkot Charat Singh, Dhurkot Kalan, Dhurkot Ranshin, Dhurkot Tahli, Didare Wala, Dina, Dosanjh, Duneke, Gajjanwala, Gaziana, Ghal Kalan, Gholia Kalan, Gholia Khurd, Gill, Gulab Singh Wala, Hariewala, Himat Pura, Jai Singh Wala, Jaimal Wala, Jhandewala, Jhandiana East, Jhandiana Garbi, Jita Singh Wala, Jogewala, Kahan Singhwala, Kaleke, Kalike Wala, Kapure, Khai, Khera Sawad, Khosa Pandooke, Khote, Khukhrana, Kili Chahlan, Kishan Garh, Koera Kalan, Koera Khurd, Kokri Heran, Kokri Kalan, Kokri Vehniwal, Kokri Phula Singh, Bhinder Kalan, Bhinder Khurd, Kokri Buttran, Talwandi Malhian, Daya Kalan, Kishanpura Kalan, Danuwala, Lohgarh, Datta, Rauli, Jalalabad East, Badduwal, Kotla Mehar Singh Wala, Kotla Raike, Kussa, Lande, Landeke, Langeana Nawan, Langeana Purana, Lapaike, Lohara, Lopon, Machhike, Maddoke, Madhoke, Mahlan Kalan, Mahlan Khurd, Malke, Mallian Wala, Malliana, Mangewala, Manoke, Mari Mustfa, Matwani, Maur Nau Abad, Mehasri, Mehna, Mehron, Minian, Moga Ajit Singh, Moga Nawan, Mothanwali, Mundiran Wala, Nahal, Nangal, Nathewala, Nathoke, Nathuwala, Nathuwala Jadid, Nidhanwala, Nihal Singh Wala, Panj Grain Khurd, Paranewala, Pathangarh, Patti Diwan, Patto Didar Singh, Patto Hira Singh, Patto Jawahar Singh, Phulewala, Rajiana, Raman, Ramuwala Harchoke, Ramuwala Kalan, Ramuwala Nawan, Ranian, Ranshin Kalan, Ranshin Khurd, Rattian, Rauke Kalan, Rauli, Rauta, Rode, Sadda Singhwala, Safu Wala, Sahoke, Saidoke, Salina, Samadh Bhai, Sangat Pura, Sekha Kalan, Sekha Khurd, Singhan Wala, Sivian, Smalsar, Sosin, Sukhanand, Takhan Wadh, Takhtupura, Talwandi Bhangerian, Tatarie De Wala, Thaman Wala, Tharaj, Thathi Bhai, Uggoke, Veroke, and Wander. Notable people * Babu Rajab Ali, poet from Sahoke * Lala Lajpat Rai, author and politician from Dhudike Moga (Punjabi: ) is a city and a municipality in Moga district in the Indian state of Punjab.Also known as NRI City of Punjab. It became part and headquarter of 17th District in the state, Moga district of Punjab State on 24th day of November 1995, by then Chief Minister Harcharan Singh Brar. Before this, Moga was a part of Faridkot District as a tehsil. Moga town is situated on the National Highway 95 (NH-95 Ferozpur-Ludhiana road). The area of Dharamkot block with 150 villages has been merged into Moga district, which falls under the jurisdiction of Ferozpur division. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 Demographics * 3 Religion and Culture

* 4 NRI City * 5 Famous people * 6 Education * 7 Places to visit * 8 Industry Geography Moga is located at 3048N 7510E / 30.8N 75.17E / 30.8; 75.17.[1] It has an average elevation of 217 metres (711 ft).Moga district is bordered by Jalandhar district in the north, Ludhiana district in the East, Sangrur in the South and Faridkot and Ferozpur in the West. It stretches between longitude 75 degree - 15, 75 degree - 25 east and latitude 30 degree - 35 and 31 degree 15 North. It spreads over an area on 2230 km2, which comes to 4.42 % of the Punjab State. The average annual rainfall of district was 234.5 mm by the year 1999. It is located 368 km from New Delhi,184 km from Chandigarh,67 km from Ludhiana,110 km from Amritsar,85 km from Bathinda and 1600 km from Mumbai. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] the town of Moga had a population of 124,624. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Moga has an average literacy rate of 68%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 71%, and female literacy is 66%. In Moga, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. Sikhs roughly make up 90% of the Moga population. The population of NRIs living aboard from Moga is approximately 40%-45% By the provisional figures of same 2001 census the Moga District ranks 11th with in Punjab with a population of about 886313, which is 3.65 percent of the total population of Punjab State. There are 883 females per thousand male in Moga district by census 2001, which is one less than found in 1991 census, that was 884. Although rate of population growth is low but the density of population has increased, which is 400 per km2. as compared to 351 by 1991 census. In Moga District 63.94 percent population is literate , whereas the rate for male & female literacy is 68.40 & 58.96 percent respectively.[3] Religion and Culture Sikhism is the predominant religion in the district.The district has the highest percentage of sikh population among all the districts of punjab. According to 2001 census sikhs form around 87.5% of the total population in moga with Hindus, dev smajis, nanakpanthis, dera sacha Saudis and ravidasis forming the remainder. The 2009 estimates shows sikh population around 90% due to migration of the urban Hindu population to major cities in punjab. People of Moga,belong to Malwa Culture NRI City Moga city is also known as the NRI city of Punjab. Many people from Moga city and Moga District emigrated to Canada, UK and the USA during the last 3040 years. Many people

have also emigrated to European countries such as Italy, Germany, Norway, Spain and recent waves of students have left for Australia and New Zealand. Majority of them are Jatt-Sikhs belonging to rural areas of Moga district and Moga city. Prominent NRI's from Moga district in Canada and the UK include: Gurbax Singh Malhi (He is currently the Liberal Member of Parliament for BramaleaGoreMalton, riding which he has been representing in the Canadian House of Commons since 1993), Darshan Kang (current Alberta provincial level politician and serves as the Member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta for Calgary McCall) and Prof. Raj Bhopal (a world renowned figure in Public Health and Epidemiology, whose research, most notably into coronary heart disease and diabetes prevention, has been awarded with a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) and an honorary BSc from Queen Margaret University. He is the current holder of the Alexander Bruce and John Usher Chair of Public Health. Dr Jaswinder Brar (He is periodontist (Dental Specialist, first Turban sikh to be fellow of RCDC(C)) and is currently Associate Prof in University of Manitoba, Winnipeg. Canada) [1] at the University of Edinburgh.) Famous people Piyush Grover the father of MOGA Father of Fiber Optics " Mr. Narinder Singh Kapany" Narinder Singh Kapany was born in Moga city, Punjab, India and educated in India and England, Kapany has lived in the United States for forty-five years. In 1952, this earlier work led Mr. Kapany to conduct studies that led to the invention of optical fiber. A graduate of Agra University in India, he completed advanced studies in optics, and Ph.D. degree at Imperial College London in 1955. Moga district has the proud of being the birth place of Ghaderi Baba Nidhan Singh Chugga .he was a famous leader of Ghadar party. he was a great freedom fighter.he was born in village chugga kalan (10 km from Moga city) falls in Moga District. Sant Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale . Sant Bhindranwale was born in the village of Rode, in the Now in Moga District located in the region of Malwa (Punjab).he was a famous Sikh leader. Lala Lajpat Rai , the great freedom fighter.His native village Dhudhike (21 km from Moga city) falls in Moga District. The famous kavisher Karnail Singh Pars and his son Balwant Singh Ramuwalia (ex mp) president of lok bhalai party are born in the village Ramuwalia Nawan. Thekedar Baba chanan singh Brar Mangewal. Srpanch Malkit singh Johal Puranewala. Jathedar Tota Singh who is senior most Akali leader also belong to Moga distt . He was the first politician from moga who served as Cabient Minister in Govt of Punjab. He has strong following in all the four vidhan sabha seats that fall in moga district. and Darshan Singh Brar is Congress leader from Moga. Gursewak singh sanyasi is socail worker current president of samaj sewa society regd. Moga and vishavkarma Auto union regd. Moga Education

Engineering,Pharmacy,Nursing Colleges Desh Bhagat Institute of Engineering and Management (DBIEM) is yet another Stepping stone of the Desh Bhagat Group of Institutions, Which has emerged as a leader in nurturing and flourishing world standard Professional institutions : DBIEM is established by the Desh Bhagat Group to further its unending for excellence in providing quality education along with solemn service to society. The Group which has now 17 institutions is governed by Desh Bhagat Group.DBIEM MOGA offers following Courses - ENGINEERING COURSES - Civil, Mechanical, Computer Science , Electronics & Communication. POST GRADUATE COURSES M. Sc (IT) , MBA OTHER COURSES - BBA, BCA, B.Sc (IT) , B.Sc (FT) . Baba Isher Singh Institute of Sciences & Technology Gagra (Moga), The premier-most institute of higher learning, was established by Dr. J S Dhaliwal. Baba Isher Singh Institute of Sciences & Technology Gagra (Moga) promoted by Baba Isher Singh Educational Society, is a self supported and self financed institute.They were inspired by the lofty ideals of the great Gurus.Baba Isher Singh Institute have been established in the sacred memory of Great Saint Baba Isher Singh Ji Kaleran Wale. (http://www.bisinstitutes.com/) LLRIET - Lala Lajpat Rai Institute of Engineering and Technology, Moga is a premier technical institution of Punjab, which was established by Shiva Educational Trust, MOGA in 1998. LLRIET is affiliated to Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar and approved by A.I.C.T.E., New Delhi.(http://www.llriet.ac.in/) North West Institute of Engineering and Technology - It is located at Dhudike, Distt. Moga.(http://www.northwest.ac.in/Pages/) ISF College of Pharmacy- ISF, Indo Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy is a fruition of insaminal visionaries and ardent efforts of the founding founder Shri Baldev Krishan who happened to be president of Indo Soviet Friendship society Moga.It was subsequently upgraded to B.Pharm course on recommendation of Pharmacy council of India in 2000. It is now established in 2000 as a unique centre of excellence at all levels of Pharmaceutical Education, located at Moga-Ferozepur, G.T. Road - Moga, Punjab in a pollution free environment spread over 5-acre (20,000 m2) of conjugated land. It ideally offers excellent infrastructure for education.(http://www.isfcp.org/) Baba Mangal Singh Nursing Training Institute- It is located near Bhugipura,Moga. Dr. Gomti Parshad Thapar Hospital - It is located on main GT Road, Moga. Dr Shyam Lal Thapar College of Nursing- It is located on main GT Road,Moga. Indo-American School of Nursing - It is located on Amritsar road,Moga. Lala Lajpat Rai School of Nursing - It is located on Moga-Ferozpura GT Road. Shiraz School of Nursing - It is located near Kotkapura bypass,Moga. Lala Lajpat Rai Institute of Management and Technology- Dhudike,Moga. Sri Satya Sai Murlidhar Ayurvedic CollegeD M College - Dayanand Mathradas College is the Oldest Institution for College studies in Moga. This college is located on Street No 9, New Town. D M College was once the most

prestigious college in this part of Punjab and people from far and wide used to come and study here,which had the best of Faculty. Arts and Sciences are the key areas this college imparts education.Time has taken its toll on this institution and the Prestige is lost now. Other sister concern of these college are D M College for Women and D M College for Education. SD College for WomenKhalsa college for Women Guru Nanak CollegeProminent convent schools areCambridge International School is having magnificent infrastructure includes a separate building for kinder-garten classes. School is running classes from Pre-Nursery to X in its fifth academic session 2009-10. School is providing transport facilities for the students residing at a radius of about 3040 km including Baghapurana, Badnikalan, Rammuwala, Charik etc. CIS focuses on respect for traditional values and sanskars while imparting the latest state of learning. Blooming Buds Sen. Sec. School located on Amritsar Byepass road is one of the most prominent, flourished, affordable and prestigious schools of the Moga. This school is located in lush green, pollution-free surrounding. The main aim of this school is to give more education in less expenditure. This school is regarded best in academics, sports and extra co-curriculars. This is the only school of Moga with an Olympic-Standard Shooting Indoor Range and Internal Standard Lawn Tennis ground. This school has a vast playground of 5.5 acres. It has Boxing, Golf, Lawn Tennis, Table Tennis, Billiards, Handball, Volleyball, Football, Cricket, Badminton, Chess, Carrom, Swimming, Shooting, Throw Ball, Basketball, Kabbadi, Hockey, Kho-Kho etc. All classes are digital. Although it is not one of the oldest school of Moga but it is giving competition to other schools and raising the standards of education. Laying standards on English speaking it is one of the best schools of Moga. For more information visit" www.bbsmoga.com" D N Model Senior Secondary School - Dayanand Model Senior secondary School is the Most Prestigious and widely regarded as the best School in Moga. The School has best Academics standards and the Students studying consistently brought outstanding results in CBSE Exams.This School is located next to D M College in 9- New town, Moga. Sacred Heart High School - Lacated on Dosanj Road,Moga. It is one of the prominent convent school in the Moga city.The institution was founded by Mr. G A Abraham and Mrs.Vasantha Abraham on April 5, 1971 with a mission to impart quality education to the children of this region. Mr. GA Abraham an able administrator and a visionary, is a retired Indian Army Officer and Mrs. Vasantha Abraham a veteran teacher and an eminent educationalist.Today,Sacred Heart School Moga is a family of over 3200 students 110 staff members. The school is located in an lush green surroundings and the school campus is

spread over 3 acres (12,000 m2) with modern buildings and an excellent educational infrastructure.(http://www.shsmoga.com/) Summer Field High School Oxford High School Cambridge International School Places to visit 1. Gurudwara Mehdeyana Sahib - The Religious and Historical Gurdwaras, named as : Mehdeyana Sahib, Dina Sahib, Takhtupura and lopon are located at block Nihal Singh Wala, Whereas Daroli Bhai located in block Moga II. 2. Baag Gali - The famous and old market in moga. 3. Geeta Bhawan - A great temple is a at South of Moga City, next to Kashmiri park.The Mirror mosiac work is major attraction here. Swami Vaidantanand ji Maharaj is the moving force behind this Institution. Geeta Bhawan Trust also runs a School- Geeta Bhawan Public School. 4. Sanatam Dharam Mandir - Partap Road Moga : This temple is most Sacred and most visited by the Devotees of Moga. The Temple is bustling with People on Tuesday Evenings. There are many popular eating joints near the vicinity of the temple complex. 5. Moga has parks known as Kashmiri Park, Nehru Park and Shahidi Park which adds to the beauty of Moga city. 6. Nestle Moga - Nestle Moga, is an International level factory. This factory is as food processing Plant of its own kind in North India. Industry Nestle Moga, dairy plant established in 1961, located on the west border of the town of Moga, is one if the most prestigious and hi-tech milk plant in the country. The plant procures dairy milk from the local farmers and also provides executive, technical and blue collar jobs to the local population. The main occupation of the region is Agriculture. Other main industries include cold stores and trucking. Truck Body Building is a major small scale industry is located in Moga City.It is one of the largest Bus and Truck Body Building Market/Industry in Punjab. Moga city is also known for its custom Jeep trimming industry. More industry is located on the east side of the town in Focal Point. Moga city is also famous for the biggest Tractor Bazar and also for the second hand Car and Jeep Market. Bagha Purana Bagha Purana or BaghaPurana is a town and a nagar panchayat in Moga district in the state of Punjab, India. Contents * 1 The town * 2 Demographics

* 3 Neighboring Villages The town Bagha Purana It lies on the main road connecting Moga and Faridkot and thus is a major hub for buses to all across Punjab. BaghaPurana's police station has the largest jurisdiction in Punjab as a chain of over 65 "pinds" or villages are within its control. The town is basically divided into 3 'pattis' or sections: Muglu Patti (biggest one), Bagha Patti, and Purana Patti. The town has its fair share of rich people and thus the standard of living is above average as compared to the surrounding towns and villages. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[1], Bagha Purana had a population of 21,617. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Bagha Purana has an average literacy rate of 62%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 55% of the males and 45% of females literate. 13% of the population is under 6 years of age. Bagha Purana was a small village till the early 70s primarily consisting of three pattis namely Bagha Patti, Purana Patti and Mughlu Patti. This small village located on the intersection of Moga- Kot Kapura road and Mudki-Nihal Singh Wala road got prominence after a Government Polytechnic was established, a few kilometres away in Village Rode. Thereafter it became a trade centre of the villages around it and developed into a small town. The village got a status of town when a Nagar Pachayat (smallest form of urban local self government unit) was formed in 1974 which was upgraded to a Municipal Council, a few years ago. In 2000, it got the status of a sub-division headquarter which facilitated the establishment of all tehsil level offices of the Government. Earlier, the majority of the population thrived on agriculture, as such most of the other economic activity is driven by agriculture like agro based industry (rice-mills, cold stores etc), commission agents etc. The tertiary activities include the transport and related businesses like finance etc. Many banks have opened their branches due to enhanced economic activity over the years, as well as the needs of the non-resident Indian community from this region, especially in Canada. The town also boasts of being the home-town of some of the great personalities. To name a few, Major Malkit SIngh Brar, who was awarded the Mahavir Chakra (posthumously) in 1948 was born and educated here. He laid down his life fighting for the country in Poonch sector during the Indo-Pak war in 1948 and was the first in erstwhile Punjab (comprising present Punjab, Haryana, H.P and Delhi) and second in the country to be honored with Mahavir Chakra (the highest decoration award of the country). He is survived by his widow Smt. Balbir Kaur who resides in Chandigarh. Neighboring Villages Rajiana, Gill, Chand-nawan, Kotla Mehar Singh Wala, Rode, Landhe, Sekha Kalan,kale ke kothe Dharamkot

Dharamkot is a city and a municipal council in Moga district in the state of Punjab, India. Demographics Gaddi woman cutting grass, Dharamkot. By Alfred Hallett c. 1980. As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Dharamkot had a population of 15,399. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Dharamkot has an average literacy rate of 62%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 70% and, female literacy is 59%. In Dharamkot, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age. Badhni Kalan Badhni Kalan is a town and a nagar panchayat in Moga district in the state of Punjab, India. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Badhni Kalan had a population of 6373. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Badhni Kalan has an average literacy rate of 58%, lower than the national average of 59.5%; with 53% of the males and 47% of females literate. 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. Badhni Kalan is Nanka Pind of Baba Nand Singh Jee Nanaksar Wale. You could get information about Badhni Kalan on www.badhni.com hosted by Manpreet Singh. Mohali district Mohali district is one of the twenty districts in the state of Punjab in North-West India. It is the most recently created district in the state of Punjab introduced in 2006. Contents * 1 Community development blocks in the district o 1.1 Kharar block o 1.2 Majri block o 1.3 Dera bassi block * 2 Various areas under Mohali district Community development blocks in the district Kharar block This block consists of 154 villages and 2 towns namely S.A.S. Nagar and Kharar and there 4 un-inhabited villages. As per 2001 census the total population of the block is 369,798. The rural population of the block is 196,044 out of which there are 106,688 males and 89,356 females. The total S.C. Population in the rural area is 55,544. The block is having total area of 411.32 km2. Out of which the rural area covers 383.26 km2. Under the service area approach, all the villages have been allocated among 17 branches of commercial banks and 4 branches of RPBs. There are total 86 branches are functioning in the block which comprises 57 commercial banks, 13 private banks. 11 Coop. Banks, 4 Punjab Gramin Banks and 1 Agricultural Development bank. S.A.S. Nagar has emerged as an Industrial Focal Point and designated as District Head Quarter. It has become a satellite town of Chandigarh and has registered a fast rate of growth.

Majri block Majri Block comprises 116 villages out of which 1 village is un-inhabited. This block forms part of Kharar sub division. The total population of the block is 111,598 as per 2001 census. The population in rural area is 88551, out of which 47,892 are males and 40,659 are female. The S.C. population in rural area is 25,531. Kurali is the only town in the block and has population of 23,047. This block is spread over an area 274.84 km2. The block comes under dark category. All the villages numbering 116 have been allocated among 8 branches of commercial banks and one branch of P.G.B.. There are 16 branches operating in this block which comprises 9 branches of commercial banks. 1 Pvt. Sector Bank, One branch of PGB and SAS Nagar central co-operative bank is having 5 branches. Due to certain incentives being initiated by the Govt. many large and small-scale industrial units have been established around Kurali. Dera bassi block This block consists of 144 villages and 2 towns namely Zirakpur and Dera Bassi and there are 6 un-inhabited villages. As per 2001 census the total population of the block is 216,921. The rural population of the block is 170192 out of which there are 93,116 males and 77,076 females. The total S.C. population lin the rural area is 48,683. This block is having total area of 406.48 km2. Out of which the rural area covers 371.17 km2. Dera Bassi block has a good number of small scale units. Chemical paints, Steel tubes, plywood, handlooms and kntting of daris are some of the industries which have koffered good employment to a number of persons. The soil of the block is sandy to sandy loam. There are total 25 branches are functioning in the block which comprises 19 commercial banks, 1 private banks, 3 coop. banks, 1 Malwa Gramin Bank & 1 agricultural development bank. Zirakpur and had a very fast development and has become a part of Greater Chandigarh. Various areas under Mohali district * Kharar or Mundi Kharar * Zirakpur * Bakarpur * Bhankharpur * Banur * Daon * Dhakoli * Mohali * Sohana * Kurali * Kumbhra * Morinda * Mattaur * Tewar (Tiaur)

* Mullanpur Garib Dass * Lalru Mohali Mohali (Punjabi: , mhl) is a city adjacent to Chandigarh, 18th District in Punjab, India. It is officially named after the eldest son of Guru Gobind Singh, Sahibzada Ajit Singh (SAS Nagar, or "House of Sahibzada Ajit Singh"). It along with Chandigarh and Panchkula form a part of the Chandigarh Tricity or Chandigarh Capital Region. It was earlier a part of the Rupnagar District, and was carved out into a separate district in the recent years. Contents * 1 Background * 2 Location * 3 Climate * 4 Demographics * 5 Languages * 6 City design * 7 Cricket stadium * 8 Corporate investment * 9 District administration * 10 Places of interest * 11 Historical places * 12 Education * 13 See also Background Mohali was conceived after the trifurcation of Punjab and its capital Chandigarh becoming a Union Territory in late 1966. Today, Mohali and Chandigarh are contiguous areas with only the boundary of Punjab and UT of Chandigarh dividing this area. The original plan of Mohali is in fact a mere extension of the road and design system of Chandigarh without any unique planning. The development earlier was only till Phase VII. The development of sectors and phases from Phase 8 onwards started in late 1980s, and the city got its own bus stand in Phase 8 in mid 1990s. In 2006, Mohali's population is near 200,000, approximately 1/5 of Chandigarh's. The region has been targeted by an increasing number of outsourcing IT companies, who look to capitalize on the rich investment opportunities the city offers. Mohali comes under the jurisdiction of Punjab State while Punchkula is a part of Harayana. This urban area is now popularly known as the Tri-city. Nowadays Mohali is a separate district of Punjab. Location

Mohali is located to the West of Chandigarh. It is almost a continuation of the Chandigarh city. To its north is Rupnagar district. To its south are Fatehgarh Sahib and Patiala. Due to fast urban growth, Mohali has almost merged into the Chandigarh city. Chandigarh, Panchkula, Zirakpur, Pinjore, Kharar, Mohali, Kalka, Kurali, Ropar, and Morinda, Banur] are nearby locations Climate Mohali has a sub-tropical continental monsoon climate characterized by a seasonal rhythm: hot summers, slightly cold winters, unreliable rainfall and great variation in temperature (-1 C to 44 C). In winter, frost sometime occurs during December and January. The average annual rainfall is recorded at 617 mm. The city also receives occasional winter rains from the west. Average temperature Summer: The temperature in summer may rise to a maximum of 44C. Temperatures generally remain between 35C and 42C. Autumn: In autumn, the temperature may rise to a maximum of 36C. Temperatures usually remain between 16 and 27 in autumn. The minimum temperature is around 13C. Winter: Average temperatures in winter (November to February) remain at (max) 7C to 15 C and (min) -2C to 5C. Spring: spring temperatures vary between (max) 16C and 25C and (min) 9C and Demographics As of 2001 India census,[1] Mohali had a population of 123,284. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Mohali has an average literacy rate of 83%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 85%, and female literacy is 81%. In Mohali, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age. Languages Punjabi is the main spoken language in Mohali. Hindi and English are also prevalent. City design Following the success of Chandigarh's sector design, Mohali was similarly planned into identical 800-by-1200 m sectors. Many have yet to be fully developed, as is the case of sector 62, which is earmarked for a future commercial City Centre. Its proximity to the PCA Stadium, as well as unrivaled transportation links to Chandigarh make it a suitable choice. Mohali has also been divided into phases. The recent Master Plan of Mohali has been recently extended up to 114 sectors. * The iconic PUDA Bhawan-official headquarters of the Punjab Urban Planning and Development Authority[1], initiated by KBS Sidhu, an IAS officer, signifies the towering role of PUDA vis-a-vis Mohali. Now, PUDA's functions of planning and urban development have been transferred to the Greater Mohali Area Development Authority (GMADA); initially DC Mohali had been named as its Chief Administrator, but now a separate and full-time IAS officer has been so appointed. Cricket stadium

PCA Stadium under lights Main article: Punjab Cricket Association Stadium In 1992, the Punjab Cricket Association (PCA) unveiled a plan to build a state of the art facility complete with a separate practise ground - to be built in a swampy area in Mohali . The PCA invested heavily in the ground, a swimming pool, health club, tennis court, library, restaurant, and bar and outdoor & indoor cricket practice nets were incorporated into the plans. Most of the Punjab-based national cricketers train in Mohali, including Yuvraj Singh, Harbhajan Singh, Dinesh Mongia, Manpreet Gony and Punjab cricket team. Corporate investment While Mohali houses many state-local companies like PTL (Punjab Tractor Limited), ICI Paints, and the Godrej Group, its reputation as a home for large, multinational corporations is growing. Quark, Mohali Infosys, the well-known Indian IT services major, had a development center in Mohali, which has now moved to Chandigarh Technology Park. Global tech giants like Dell, Quark, Philips, Sebiz Infotech, SCL (Semiconductor Complex Limited), and PUNCOM have followed. Denver-based Quark has created the $500M, 46-acre (190,000 m2) QuarkCity in Mohali, complete with a residential complex comprising 30% of the 'city'; the shopping, entertainment, medical, and educational district consume another 10%. It is expected to generate 25,000 direct, and 100,000 indirect jobs. QuarkCity is a 51-acre (210,000 m2), multi-use development that includes a Special Economic Zone (SEZ). QuarkCity is located in the district of Mohali, Punjab, within the extended grid of Le Corbusiers modern city of Chandigarh, 265 km (166 miles) north of Indias capital city of New Delhi.*2+ District administration The Deputy Commissioner, an officer belonging to the Indian Administrative Service, is the overall in-charge of the General Administration in the Districts of India Places of interest Places of Tourist interest in this region include the following:* Sukhna Lake- Chandigarh * Nada Sahib Gurdwara, Nada, Panchkula * Punjab Cricket Association Stadium * Sector 17 shopping area Chandigarh * Bhakra Nangal Dam * Anandpur Sahib Historical places * Gurudwara Amb Sahib, Phase - 8 * Angitha Sahib, Phase - 8

* Gurudwara Singh Sahidaan Gurudwara Singh Sahidaan - Sohana * Lalan Wala Peer - An Old Dargah, Phase - 1 * Gurudwara Puddha Sahib Gurudwara Puddha Sahib - Zirakpur * Gurudwara Nabha Sahib - Zirakpur Education * IISERM (Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali),Knowledge City,SAS Nagar,Sector-81,Phase-11,Mohali. * TCIL-IT MOHALI (A GOVT OF INDIA ENT), TCIL IT MOHALI (NEAR PCA STADIUM MOHLI), SCF 45 , Phase 10, Mohali. * IIPM * Mata Sahib Kaur College of Nursing, Chandigarh-Kharar Highway Balongi, Mohali (MSKCON) http://www.matasahibkaurcollegeofnursing.com * Shaheed Udham Singh College of Engineering & Technology, Tangori, Mohali * Chandigarh College of Education for Women (CCEW) * Chandigarh College of Engineering (CEC) * Chandigarh College of Pharmacy (CCP) * Chandigarh College of Hotel Management and Catering Technology (CCHM) * Chandigarh Engineering College (CEC) * GGS College of Modern Technology * National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) * SAS Institute of Information Technology and Research(SASIITR),http://www.sasiitmohali.com. * Gian Jyoti Institute of Management & Technology, Phase-2, Mohali [3] * C-DAC, C-DAC Mohali that is engaged in research on state of the art topics including Telemedicine. * The British School Sector 70, Mohali. Affiliated with University of Cambridge International Examination Centre and C.B.S.E., Delhi. [ www.thebritishschool.org ] * Sacred Souls' School is located at village Gharuan, dist. Mohali (15 km from mohali, Chandigarh-Ludhiana Highway). The school is spread over an area of 18 acres. Its a coeducational, English medium school. The school provides A.C hostels for both boys and girls. The school imparts quality education through qualified and experienced teachers. Also Sports like cricket, football, hockey, volleyball, fencing, horse-riding, archery, table-tennis, badminton, etc. are played by the students to help in their overall development. See also Chandigarh Capital Region Dera Bassi Dera Bassi is a city and a municipal council in Mohali district in the state of Punjab, India. Zirakpur comes under tehsil Dera Bassi. Contents

* 1 Demographics * 2 Education * 3 Economy * 4 See also Demographics As of the 2001 India census,[1] Dera Bassi had a population of 15,690. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Dera Bassi has an average literacy rate of 76%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 80% and, female literacy is 72%. In Dera Bassi, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age. Education The main engineering institute in Dera Bassi is the Sri Sukhmani Institute of Engineering & Technology (SSIET ) founded in 1998. and A Govt College Combination of Commerce & Arts[2] A DAV School located in the heart of city, has well known in northern India. DAV School started in the year 1949.Ishwar Chander Gupta was the first person to have a masters degree in the state of Haryana in English. On a rough survey, every 3rd citigen of the city, is the student of this school.[3] Economy The main industries in the region are:[citation needed] * Nectar Lifesciences * PRS Suraksha TMT * Winsome Yarns bds college new school in derabassi aarjain school See also Chandigarh Capital Region Hella India Lighting Limited JYOTI HOTEL, DERA BASSI Ranbir Rano -> Serial set in Dera Bassi Kharar Kharar is a city and a municipal council in Mohali district in the state of Punjab. It is at a distance of about 10-15 kilometres from Chandigarh and about 4 kilometres from Mohali. Kharar, which has been shifted from Rupnagar District to Mohali District, is getting developed fast. As it has the advantage of proximity to both Chandigarh and Mohali. Also because the Punjab Government is encouraging development in Kharar. This has given shape to a lot of colonies approved by GMADA being developed in the city, prominent among these being Model Town, Shivalik Enclave, Sunny Enclave and Gillco Valley. Kharar has 1 Engineering college and 2 nos. polytechnic as well as B.Ed & Law College . A major area of Kharar has been allocated to the GMADA (Greater Mohali Development Authority) for further development in 2006. Contents * 1 Geography

* 2 Languages * 3 Demographics Geography Kharar is located at 3044N 7639E / 30.74N 76.65E / 30.74; 76.65.[1] It has an average elevation of 297 metres (974 feet). Languages Punjabi is the main spoken language. Hindi and English are also spoken. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Kharar had a population of 39,410. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Kharar has an average literacy rate of 75%, higher than the national average of 59.5%. The male literacy rate is 79%; the female literacy rate is 72%. In Kharar, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. Zirakpur Zirakpur (Hindi: , Punjabi: , PIN 140603) is a satellite town of Chandigarh

located in the Mohali district of Punjab. It is set on the foothills of Aravali hills. Located on the Chandigarh-Delhi highway, it shares its border with Panchkula (Haryana). It is part of the tehsil Dera Bassi.After assessing cities on the basis of five key parameters real estate, people, physical infrastructure, social infrastructure and business environment a recent study concluded that Indias hottest emerging city is Chandigarh. India's first planned city got top ranking for the potential of its real estate market, physical infrastructure and business environment. While there is little space left within the city itself, Chandigarh scores because of the rapid development taking place on its outskirts, in areas like Panchkula, Mohali, Zirakpur and Dera Bassi on the Chandigarh-Ambala highway. Good connectivity, low operational costs and high disposable income also contributed to it being declared Indias hottest emerging city. Contents * 1 History * 2 Geography * 3 Demographics * 4 Wedding industry * 5 Civic Amenities * 6 Health facilities * 7 Education * 8 Public transport * 9 Residential societies * 10 Notable residents * 11 Malls * 12 Hotels

o 12.1 Temples o 12.2 Gurudwaras * 13 Tourist attractions * 14 See also * 15 Gallery * 16 Issues that concern Zirakpur History Zirakpur got its name from a small village, which is now a part of the present Zirakpur town. For long it remained a bunch of small villages located along the Chandigarh-Ambala highway. Then Chandigarh started to expand and these villages started to seem like a part of Chandigarh. Before the year 2000, the city had a population of less than twenty thousand. Soon a small village Baltana, which is a part of Zirakpur now, started having some population growth being near to Panchkula and Chandigarh. From 2004 ownwards the city's population started to increase rapidly, with booming property prices and the arrival of a large number of residential projects in the suburbs. The city's estimated population as of 2010 is nearly 1.5 lacs. Geography It is situated in the foothills of the Shivalik range, with Panchkula on one side, Chandigarh on the other and Mohali city. With Completion of the Aerocity road it will become equidistant from Chandigarh, Mohali City and Panchkula City, making it prominent central part of the region. Some of the towns and villages in the Zirakpur municipal council are Zirakpur, Baltana, Dhakoli, Lohgarh, Pabhat, Himmatgarh (Dhakola), Bishangarh, Bishanpura, Pir Muchhaila, Gazhipur, Kishanpura. Demographics As per the 2001 India census,[1] Zirakpur had a population of 25,006. Males constitute 57% of the population and females 43%. Zirakpur has an average literacy rate of 63%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 69%, and female literacy is 56%. In Zirakpur, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age. As of year 2010, the estimated population of Zirakpur is 1.5 lakhs (150,000); the exact number will be revealed once the official counting survey conducted by government of India gives out exact figures. Majority of the population is either Hindu or Sikh. Members of other religions are also present. Wedding industry Zirakpur is the 'Wedding capital' of the region. About 80% of the wedding banquets and resorts of the Chandigarh tri-city are located in Zirakpur. Wedding fireworks in the sky are a routine occasion in the town. Some of the wedding venues are: * AKM resorts * Sohi Banquets * Westwood Banquets and resorts

* Sekhon Banquets * Bristol * Sharma Farm * Laguna Banquets * Highway Palace * Ashirwad Banquets * Grace Banquets * Oasis Banquets * Occasion Banquets * Chimney Heights * Fort Resorts Civic Amenities The town is administered by a municipal council consisting of councilors and a President. All the future developments in the town will be governed by the zirakpur master plan, which has been approved by PUDA, the urban development authority of Punjab. The NHAI have made one of the longest flyovers of the regions passing through Zirakpur on Chandigarh Delhi highway. On the Zirakpur-Shimla highway, the railway over-bride will improve the connectivity with Panchkula further and is expected to complete by end of year 2010, though it have overpassed many earlier deadlines due to various reasons. The Four laning of Zirakpur-Patiala road has been approved, but the actual work on the site has to start yet. The Aerocity Road will make a trip to Mohali even shorter and is expected to be completed by early 2012. The street lighting of the internal roads is quite good. Severage has been laid in 90% of the Zirakpur colonies and road carpeting has been done in most of the colonies. The rain water drainage system is yet to be developed for whole of the region Health facilities Zirakpur has a number of small and medium sized hospitals catering to its primary health needs. For the specialized health requirements, the town depends on the super speciality institutes in the region like the GMCH-32 Chandigarh, the PGIMER Chandigarh, Government Medical College, Patiala etc. Education Zirakpur has a business school named Fountainhead School of Business. It also has some private schools, including St Joan School in Lohgarh. A few engineering colleges are located close by, including Chitkara Institute of Engineering and Technology, Swami Vivekanand College of Engineering, Gyan Sagar Medical College, Shaheed Udham Singh College of Engineering & Technology. Various schools in the town are * Kendriya Vidhyalaya, K Area, Zirakpur * DPS Play school, Vip Road, Lohgarh * Euro Kids, Green Enclave, Lohgarh * Mountview, Kalgidhar Enclave, Baltana

* Kendriya Vidyalya, High Ground, Zirakpur * Maruti Suzuki Driving School,Tricity Autos, Zirakpur * Saint Solider Dhakoli * Dikshant Dhakoli * Gurukul Royale Estate Zirakpur Public transport Zirakpur is well connected through local buses with Chandigarh, Panchkula and other neighbouring areas. The Inter-state buses going from Chandigarh to Delhi, Patiala, Rajpura, Bathinda and most of the northern cities of Hayrana pass through Zirakpur. There is scope for improvement for connectivity to other neighboring cities. The Chandigarh Metro is also planned to connect Zirakpur with other parts of the region in second phase. Mass rapid transport system is the urgent requirement of the Zirakpur to decongest the ever growing road traffic and jams. Zirakpur is located on the Ambala-Chandigarh highway and the Patiala-Shimla highway. At the intersection of these highways, a new flyover has been built mainly to cater to the Ambala-Chandigarh traffic. The bridge under area is poorly designed, as the road under the flyover turns to single lane while the same road before and after the flyover is two-lane, leading to a major chaos at times. The bridge was constructed by GMR constructions. There is no railway station of its own in Zirakpur. The nearest railway station is Chandigarh, which is around 8 km from here. For those traveling to the town by air, the nearest airport is situated in Chandigarh at around 5 km from here.[2] Residential societies A number of housing societies provide luxurious dwelling place in Zirakpur. Renowned builders and major players of real estate in the region have realized the potential of this town and are coming up with numerous world class projects. A testimony to this is Krishna Enclave & Royale Estate. New Generation Apartments and the Spangle Heights apartments are also one of the best residential societies in the Zirakpur area. Both of these societies were built up early in 2006-07 and occupied. Most of these societies are equipped with all modern amneties within campus. With development of IT park in Chandigarh, demand for residential flats have increased in the area. This has escalated the costs of flats as well. Some new projects have started coming up on Ambala Road area. Spangle Condos and Sushma Urban Views are few of them. But connectivity and narrow roads remains a problem in these areas and hence flats are less sold. Zirakpur has seen much faster development on Ambala road with new malls and commerial hotels starting up there. Notable residents * Abhinav Bindra : India's ace shooting champion and a Gold medal winner in shooting at the 2008 Beijing Olympics Malls A number of malls are under construction in Zirakpur:

* Best Price (Bharti Walmart) * Paras Downtown Square (Big Bazaar) * City Centre, Ambala-Chandigarh Road * Cosmo Plaza, Ambala-Chandigarh Road * Global Mall Hotels * ITDC Alliance (The Chandigarh Ashok) * Bristol hotel and resorts * Hotel Mittaso * Motel Kanish * Disco Devil * Hotel Bhalla Residency * Hotel manas * Kingston Hotel * Hotel Sunpark * Hotel Silky Resort * Shagun Hotel * Mark Royale * Gobind Regency * Metro Hotel Temples * Shiv Mandir, Badal Colony, Lohgarh * Sanatan Dharam Mandir, Lohgarh * Shiv Mandir, Green City * Shiv Shakti Ekta Mandir, Palam Enclave * Shanni Mandir, MS Enclave, Dhakoli Gurudwaras Local gurudwaras include: * Nabha Sahib Gurudwara * Bhudda Sahib Gurudwara * Bauli Sahib Gurudwara Tourist attractions * The Mahendra Chaudhary Zoological Park, also known as Chhat Bir Zoo locally, located in Chatt Village near Zirakpur. See also Chandigarh Capital Region - CCR Issues that concern Zirakpur The town is developing and there are plenty of issues that need to be addressed.

* The jams under the Chandigarh-Ambala flyover[3] There is only a single lane under the flyover, that needs to be widened. Moreover the central divider can be used as a parking, thus further clearing the road of blockages. The worst affected stretch is the one between Patiala chowk and Kalka chowk. The buses should not be allowed to stop anywhere in that stretch. The Octroi post on the Chandigarh road is another reason for the chaos. Shift it elsewhere. * Theft and robbery need to be addressed[4] * The ROB on Panchukla Zirakpur highway needs to be completed early. Banur Banur is a small town about 25 km from Chandigarh, the capital of Indian Punjab, on the Chandigarh-Patiala National Highway, NH 64. Its history dates back to ancient times, when it was called Pushpawati. This name was derived from the abundance of flowering plants in the region (Pushp means flower in Hindi, Pushp + wati means a place where flowers are in abundance). The name "Banur" is from the name of a local deity, Mai Banno. A temple to Mai Banno stands in the town and is revered by all, irrespective of their religion. A legend has it that Mai Banno was a better musician than Tansen, the great musician in the court of the Mughal Emperor Akbar. She could cause rains by singing Raga Megh Malhaar, and could light lamps by singing Deepak Raag. It is a legend that once Mata Banno defeated Tansen in music competition. During Mughal times, it was a sizeable town along with its neighbour Chatt. Banda Singh Bahadur reduced it to ruins on his way to Sirhind. Some people call it a 'theh' or ruin. Its varying topography above the surrounding countryside is a tell tale sign of the tumultuous event. There used to be a sizeable Muslim population before partition. There is a grave of a pir in the town and the fields were dotted with dilapidated structures. The mosque fell during 1990s due to ravages of time and weather. A historic Gurudwara is situated in the south of the town. In the past, the parts of the town were known by localities (Mohallas). For example- Mohalla Kaurian, Mohalla Mehtian, Mohalla Saini, Jainian etc. Though called a town, Banur had a feel of a village life and in reality, was more like a large village. A medium size market, with about more than 150 shops, provided basic amenities. There were many wells in and around the town which were source of water for the people in the past. Almost all these wells have now been filled up. The language spoken by natives is the Puadh dialect of Punjabi with sprinkling of Manjhi brought in by West Punjabis after the partition. The Mahendra Chaudhary Zoological Park at Chatt Village near Banur is a famous tourist attraction. Banur has many old temples in various mohallas which is a testimony to its rich religious and cultural heritage. Many old temples in the town are, Mai Banno temple, Basanti Devi temple, Gugga Mari, Radha Krishan Mandir also called ladies temple and many Shiv dvalas. A three day mela(Fair) is organised every year at Gugga Mari on Naumi of Shravan month.

People offer onions and Wheat at the Mari. A mela is also organised at Shitla Mata temple every year where people offer Chana, Dal and water. Pleople bring their kids to this mela for blessings of shitla mata which keeps the children disease free. Banur has a very big Gurudwara on Chandigarh Patiala Highway near to Bus Stand. The Gurudwara organizes various religious functions every year . Banur was also an assembly constituency of Punjab. It has lost its assembly constituency status after reorganisation. Colleges Chitkara Institute of Engineering and Technology [1] SVIET ( Swami Vivekanand Insitute of Engg. and Tech.) SVIET Gian Sagar medical college and hospital Shaheed udham singh college of engineering & technology; banur [2] Dr. I.T. Business School,banur [3] and also big gurdwara sahib the memory of baba banda singh bhadur Places of interest The Mahendra Chaudhary Zoological Park at Chatt Village near Banur is a famous tourist attraction. Banur is also famous for its gian sagar medical college that offers 24hrs emergency facilities in the area SANDHU RESIDENCY, JASWANT LASSI SHOP, LYALPUR SWEETS are worth visiting. There is also an old house on top of a hill worth seeing. It is really old now. Donot writen by page Lalru Muktsar district Sri Muktsar Sahib district is one of the nineteen districts in the state of Punjab in northwest India. Its capital is Muktsar; other towns include Malout, the largest town by population, and Gidderbaha. Districts of Punjab along with their headquarters The district is known for its many Sikh temples (gurudwaras), including Darbar Sahib, Shaheedi Gurudwara, and Tibbi Sahib. A huge fair, "Maghi mela" is celebrated in Janauary every year at Muktsar town. Sri Muktsar Sahib ( dee dhab ( Contents * 1 Demographics * 2 Geography * 3 History * 4 Fairs and Festivals )[2]. )[1] is a city and a municipal council in Sri Muktsar Sahib district in the Indian state of Punjab. Sri Muktsar Sahib's historical name was Khidrane

* 5 Gurudwaras Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[3] Sri Muktsar Sahib has a population of 3,96,030. Rural areas constitute 54.10% of the population and Urban 71.63. Sri Muktsar Sahib has an average literacy rate of 50.67 %: male literacy is 65.94 %, and female literacy is 50.57%. In Sri Muktsar Sahib, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age. Sikhs consist about 92% of population in Sri Muktsar Sahib. Geography It is located in the South Western Zone of Punjab and is bounded by the States of Rajasthan and Haryana in the South. The district of Faridkot lies to its North, Firozepur to the West and Bathinda to the East.It lies between 30 69 and 29 87 latitude and 74 21 and 74 86 longitude.[4] Climate is determined by the Western Himalayas to the North of Punjab and Thar desert to the South. The South-western monsoon brings the rain bearing depression during summer(July to September). Nearly 70% of rainfall is received during the months of July to September. The extreme type of climate is present with temperature varying from 45C in June to as low as 2C in January. The major part of the district has aridic moisture regime. Soil moisture regime computations employing the Newhall mathematical model indicate that the area has 'weak aridic' moisture regime(Van Wambeke, 1985).[5] History Sri Muktsar Sahib has a proud heritage. It is known as the last battlefield of Guru Gobind Singh in 1705 A.D., which proved to be a most decisive conflict in the military history of the Sikhs. Literally the name of this city means "the pool of liberation". The forty Sikh warriors who fought to death here against the Mughal Empire more than three centuries ago are remembered by a grand festival held here every January, which attracts devotees from all over the world. Fairs and Festivals The Famous Mosque at Sri Muktsar Sahib. After Partition it was accorded into a gurudwara, but then in 1996 it was handed over to Wakf Board under an arrangemet between the Wakf and SGPC. Now namaz is read all five times a day and the considerably growing populace of Muslims at Sri Muktsar Sahib have it as their paramount religious and cultural centre. Photograph by Jagmohan Singh Khurmi The Mela Maghi ( )[6] held in the town of Muktsar, a day after Lohri (13 January) is very famous. Held every January it is to commemorate the valour of 40 Muktas, (or the liberated ones), who laid down their lives following Sri Guru Gobind Singh into the battlefield of Khidrana ( ). In other words, Muktsar( Mukt & Sar) means land of 40 martyrs i.e. 40 muktyaa di dharti(sar). The city is blessed with the holy gurudwara Tutti

Gandi Sahib. All the roads entering into the city have beautiful entrance gates on the outskirts. The huge Mela is held at an open space mainly on the Bathinda & Malout roads. People from all over the world, come to Muktsar on this day to take a dip in the holy sarovar. Muktsar is a very hot battlefield for political parties namely Congress and SAD-BJP. The 2 prominent CMs of Punjab have their origins from Muktsar district.Harcharan Singh Brar and Parkash Singh Badal. Traditionally a horse fair was also held on this occasion but it is not held anymore. Schools and Colleges: 1. Bhai Mastan Singh Public School, Muktsar 2. Little Flower Convent School, Muktsar 3. New Vision Academy (CBSE English Medium School, Sarainaga) 4. New Vision Girls College (BA, MA, BSC-IT, PGDCA) 5. Desh Bhagat Dental College & Hospital, KKP.Rd. Muktsar 6. Mai Bhago Ayurvedic Medical College, Muktsar 7. Saint Soldier convent School, Muktsar 8. National Public School, Muktsar 9. Government girls school 10. Government Boys school 11. Akal Academy 12. D.A.V Public School 13. Shivalik Public School 14. Sarvhitkari Public School 15. Rama Krishna Middle school 16. Bhai Maha Singh Engineering College, Muktsar 17. Rama Krishna School 18. Gurunanak College For Girls 19. Dasmesh Khalsa College. 20. Government College ,KKp Road..Muktsar 21. Saint Farid Convent School, Muktsar Gurudwaras * Shri Darbar Sahib * Rakab Ganj sahib * Shaheedan da gurudwara * Tambu Sahib * Taran taran Sahib * Tibbi Sahib A few years ago, a new monument was built in the shape of Khanda Sahib. Bariwala

Bariwala is a town and a nagar panchayat in Muktsar district in the state of Punjab, India. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Bariwala had a population of 7545. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Bariwala has an average literacy rate of 41%, lower than the national average of 59.5%; with 45% of the males and 55% of females literate. 13% of the population is under 6 years of age. Giddarbaha Giddarbaha is a town and a municipal council in Muktsar district in the Indian state of Punjab. Contents * 1 History * 2 Demographics * 3 place's to visit * 4 Commerce * 5 Geography * 6 Notable people from Giddarbaha History Giddarbaha in its earliest stage was known as 'Pepali', named after the tree 'pipal. Giddarbaha, meaning Pepali of that time, was a small village. When Shri Guru Gobind Singh ji visited Pepali, they saw ladies of the village disturbed by the 'giddar' when they went to fetch water from the well. When Guru ji saw this, he enquired about the problem to which the villagers replied that every body in this village is married except him(giddar). After knowing the problem, Guruji arranged the marriage of giddar. From there that village was renamed by the locals as 'Giddar vivah'. When Britishers reached the city they were not able pronounce the name properly and they called it as Giddarbaha. Village Giddar vivah was changed to the town Giddarbaha by Britishers and they designed a planned town,this new city is fully walled and beutiful with the broad ways which are well conected with other cities such bathinda,chandigarh,amritsar,muktsar,dabawali,sirsa,delhi,faridkot,abohar,fazilka,gangana gar,malout,sangat,ramma,etc.They renamed it as 'Giddarbaha city' and this new name was written on the stones by the Britishers at the gates of the new planned city.The town was walled and consists of 6 gates. In 1917, the British government established the Bathinda Karachi railway line, to transport the goods from this part of India to Karachi. Giddarbaha Railway Station was established on the line in 1918. kulguru of the city:shree baba ganga ram ji,who bless each and every vistor in the city,evey year a festive is celebrated on grand scale in the city at barsi of its kulguru.his contribution to the city &pepole of area cann't be expressed in the words,it can only be seen in the city & in the hearts of pepoles in the region,whose faith in him bring them again and again in the city.

Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Gidderbaha had a population of 36,593. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Gidderbaha has an average literacy rate of 63%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 68%, and female literacy is 56%. In Gidderbaha, 12% of the population was under 6 years of age. Gidderbaha was once a walled town and a famous cotton market. Giddarbaha subdivision has a population of 2,05,118 and covers an area of 68,028 hectares. There are 44 villages in the subdivision with Doda being a sub-Tehsil.[2] place's to visit 1.clock tower 2.shree durga mandir 3.dera baba shree ganga ram ji 4.city gate(near durga mandir) 5. mandi wala gurudwara sahib 6.nava parak 7.shree gaushalla mandir 8.samadha 9.purana parak 10.Aggarwal peerkhana Commerce Giddarbaha is known and famous for its snuff industry.It is one of largest producer of snuff in India.Other than snuff, it is acts as an agricultural market i.e. mandi for nearby villagers. Geography It is located in the South Western Zone of Punjab and is bounded by the States of [[Rajasthan[[ and Haryana in the South. The district of Faridkot lies to its North, Firozepur to the West and Bathinda to the East. There is wide seasonal temperature variation in Giddarbaha area. In summers the temperature reaches as high up as 48-50C and in winters as low as 1-2C. The Western Himalayas in the north and the Thar Desert in the south and southwest mainly determine the climate conditions. The south-western monsoon brings the much needed rain bearing depression during summer (July to September). Nearly 70% of rainfall is during these months. The major part of the district qualifies for aridic (tropic) moisture regime according to the criteria laid down in soil taxonomy. Soil moisture regime computations employing the Newhall mathematical model indicate that the area has a 'weak aridic' moisture regime (Van Wambeke, 1985). In the aridic (torric) moisture regime, the moisture control section in most of the year is dry in all parts for more than half the time (cumulative). Notable people from Giddarbaha 1. S. Parkash Singh Badal, the present Chief Minister of Punjab previously represented Giddarbaha in the Punjab assembly 2.S.Manpreet Singh Badal, was the erstwhile finance Minister[3], is the Member of Legislative Assembly from Giddarbaha consituency 3.Gurdas Maan(singer) 4.Hakam Sufi(singer) 5.Mr.Darshan Monga (Lions Disttict Governor) 6.Ashok Masti(singer) 7.Baljinder "honey"

Malout Malout (Punjabi: ) is a city and a municipal council in Muktsar district in the Indian state of Punjab. Located in southern Punjab, it is a prominent town in the cotton belt where production per unit area is one of the highest in India. a view of national highway 10 in Malout,you can see a welome signboard in Punjabi. Malout is a well known city of Punjab established on NH-10 with a 4 lane Grand Trunk (GT) road, which is the pride of the city. This highway connects New Delhi to Fazilka through the city. This town is at the border of three Indian states (Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan) and two countries (India and Pakistan). The boundaries of Haryana and Rajasthan are just 30 and 65 km away from Malout. On the other hand, it is only 45 km from Pakistan, so the area was highly active in emergency time due to military actions. Contents * 1 History * 2 List of Major Villages * 3 Climate * 4 Education * 5 N G O Malout History Malout city is 4-5 centuries old. The origin of the name of Malout city is disputed, but the most famous suggestions are the following: - People of Maan cast founded a fort here, Kacha Kot, leading to popular name Mankot Nagar. With the passage of time people stated calling the city Manout and later Malout. - After a popular wrestler (Mall) who was very helpful to people, so the name of this city became Maal-di-out then Malout. - The British set up a base there to import and export stuff which Indians call normally Mal to Karachi. At that time this city was very famous as Mal out centre, so people started calling this city as Malout. In 1917, the British government established the Bathinda - Karachi railway line, to transport the goods from this part of India to Karachi. Malout Railway Station was established on the line in 1918. Choudhry Harji Ram of Malout village, one of the richest persons of the time, established a new town near the railway station at west side, which was called Mandi Harji Raam. (Mandi means small town in Punjab). With the growth of the area due to trading established by the railways network, other rich people wanted to establish their business base in Malout near the railway station. But Choudhry Harji Ram refused to provide them land in his area, leading to the new Malout establishment coming into existence on 19 March 1920. Under the leadership of Seth Thakur Das, traders from the nearby villages and town established another small town opposite the old town. A seven member committee purchased land of 100 Beghas of

Shekhu villages with the cost of 1lac 40 thousand 163 Rs and 38 paisa, which was then divided in a planned and modernized way into shopping and residential areas. On 17 November 1921, the District Commissioner of Ferozpur District, J. C. Koldsitrimiu, established large water storage and purification tank system in the town. This was the same day when the future King-Emperor Edward VIII came to this part of the India for survey. The new establishment was named in his honour as Edward Ganj Malout Mandi. With the passage of time, the small town started growing and by the end of 1940 a post office, telephone exchange, guest house, rest house and graveyard Shamshan Bhumi were establsihedd. Because of high cotton cultivation many cotton factories and agricultural machinery industries came into existence in the city and the nearby village area and hence this area was recognised as the cotton capital of Punjab. Just to give more organised form to the association it was renamed the Edward Ganj Public Welfare association in 1942.[1] List of Major Villages There are many villages fall under tehsil (zone) Malout; Fateh Pur Manian is one of them. This is approximate 15-16 km away from Malout. Many people from this village are now settled in Canada, America and other oversea countries. There are families who belong to "Nakai Missal" - one of 12 missals of "Maharaja Ranjit Singh" (last Sikh emperor). There use to be "Nakai Bunga" near "Shree Akal Takhat Sahib, Shree Harmandir Sahib, Amritsar (Golden Temple). Most of the village population was migrated originally from Pakistan during 1947 division. People residing are very hardworking - and most of them depending on farming though some are in government jobs such as teaching profession. There is a government and a private high school in there to educate local students. Mr. Raghbir Singh Sandhu (Nakai) s/o S. Sobha Singh Nakai family is one of the pioneer families to bring moderation to the village. Presently Harjinder Singh Nakai (Sandhu) is keeping the traditions alive in the village. There is a common Sikh Temple for all religions and caste. Fateh Pur Manian is connected with surrounding areas, villages and cities with many link roads. Following are More Villages: Alam Wala major village malout to fazilka road 10 km tolal vote in this village 4200.people in setted in italy yadwinder singh sekhon(italy)from 5years in italy . Khema Khera Aspala Khunan Kalan Aulkh Koliyan Wali Bloch kera Kothe Badiyan Bhai Ka Kera Kurai Wala Bhoondar Kabar wala Bodi wala Lakkar Wala Bhagwan Pura Mahni Khera Burja Sidhwa Mal Wala Dabwali Dhab Midha Dabwali Malko Mohlan Dhola Kingra Pakki Tibbi Fakarsar Paniwala Fatta Ghumiyara Ram Nagar Sauke Gurusar Jhoda Rani Wala Enna Khera Rathiria Jhorar Ratta Tibba Jhandwala Charat Singh Sham Khera Kangan Khera Sher Garh Karamgarh Sarawan Bodla Karampatti Tarkhanwala Karni wala Theri Katiya wali Urang Khane Ki Dhab Virk Khera Climate

There is wide seasonal temperature variation in Malout area. In summers the temperature reaches as high up as 48-50C and in winters as low as 1-2C. The Western Himalayas in the north and the Thar Desert in the south and southwest mainly determine the climate conditions. The south-western monsoon brings the much needed rain bearing depression during summer (July to September). Nearly 70% of rainfall is during these months. The major part of the district qualifies for aridic (tropic) moisture regime according to the criteria laid down in soil taxonomy. Soil moisture regime computations employing the Newhall mathematical model indicate that the area has a 'weak aridic' moisture regime (Van Wambeke, 1985). In the aridic (torric) moisture regime, the moisture control section in most of the year is dry in all parts for more than half the time (cumulative). Education * Malout Institute of Management and Information Technology (MIMIT) * Guru Teg Bahadur Khalsa College of Engineering and manegment * Govt Sr. Secondary School, Malout * Govt Girls Sen. Sec. School, Malout * D.A.V. College * Maharaja ranjit singh college * Kalgidhar college of Education * Sacred heart convent school * GTB Khalsa Sen. Sec. School * D.A.V Edwardganj Public School * M.R. Oswin High School * S.D.Public Sen. Sec. School * GGS College of Education ( Director/ Chairman - S. NAIB SINGH JATANA ) * DASMESH NURSING INSTITUTION JANDWALA * S.D.institute of higher edu. * CAL-C Computer center, Loha Bazar. * Kalgidhar Industrial Training Institute ( Chairman- S. Naib Singh Jatana ) N G O Malout * Bharat Vikas Prishad * Lions Club * Guru Nanak mission * Shaheed Baba Deep Singh Welfare Society * Guru Nanak mission,samaj sewi sanstha * Shah Satnam Ji Welfare Society * Aashirwad Jansewa Samiti(President)Varinder Bajaj * Sehyog jansewa Sanstha(President)Manoj Asija * Akasdeep Yadgari Sanstha(President)Dayal Singh sandhu * Parminder Yadgari Sports Club(President)Hardev Singh Jhorar

* Sahara Sewa-(President)Naveen Goyal * Guru Gobind Singh Mission-(President)S S Gill Patiala district Patiala district is one of the twenty districts in the state of Punjab in North-West India. Districts of Punjab along with their headquarters Patiala District lies between 29 49 and 30 47 north latitude, 75 58 and 76 54' east longitude, in the southeast part of the state. It is surrounded by Fatehgarh Sahib, Rupnagar and Mohali to the north, Fatehgarh Sahib and Sangrur districts to the west, Ambala and Kurukshetra districts of neighbouring Haryana state to the east, and Kaithal district of Haryana to the south west. Patiala having a population of 1,844,934 is the 6th most populated district of the Punjab after Amritsar, Ludhiana, Gurdaspur, Sangrur and Jalandhar as per 2001 census. Patiala About this sound pronunciation (helpinfo) (Punjabi: ) is a city in the Punjab state of India. Patiala district is one of the erstwhile princely cities of Punjab. Located in the south-eastern part of the state, 65 km from the state capital of Chandigarh, it lies between 2949 and 3047 north latitude, 7558 and 7654' east longitude. Patiala means Pati (land) of Baba Ala Singh, who founded the State of Patiala. It is the administrative headquarters of Patiala District, and was the capital of the premier princely state in the former Punjab Province of British India, headed by the Sidhu dynasty. Patiala is famous for being the home of Patiala Gharana of Hindustani classical music and for its turban (traditional headgear), paranda (tasselled tag for braiding hair), peg (Patiala Peg - a double or large peg of whiskey), and Jutti (traditional Punjabi footwear) and "patialashahi" salwaar.Famous Punjabi singer Pammi Bai has sung a song on the famous Patialashahi turban. Capt. His Highness Maharajadhiraj Amarinder Singh is the current Maharaja of Patiala. Any serving of alcohol which is double than the normal serving, or unusually large, is referred to as the Patiala Peg. This term is understood in most parts of India. There are multiple stories behind this epithet, most related to the opulent and hedonistic lifestyle of one of the maharajas of Patiala - Maharaja Bhupinder Singh, who was a heavy drinker. Patiala is home town of many eminent personalities like cricketers Navjot Sidhu, Mohinder Amarnath, Reetinder Sodhi, Bollywood Stars Jimmy Shregill, Om Puri, Punjabi Singer Harbhajan Mann, Jet Airways Chairman Naresh Goyal & Sq Ldr Rakesh Sharma, the first Indian in space. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 History * 3 Education * 4 Demographics

* 5 Culture and traditions * 6 District Administration * 7 Notable People from Patiala Geography Patiala is located at 3020N 7624E / 30.33N 76.4E / 30.33; 76.4.[1] It has an average elevation of 250 metres (820 feet). During short existence of PEPSU, Patiala served as it capital city.Patiala is also famous as the city of newspapers and 2nd media hub of Punjab state of India. Central place of media, Press Club Patiala is situated at Baradari garden near 20 no railway crossing headed by Mr. Parveen Komal President. History Main article: Patiala State Maharaja Bhupinder Singh of Patiala In 1752, a General of Ala Singh, Sardar Gurbaksh Singh Kaleka won possession of eightyfour villages, one of which was Patiala. The Afghan Ahmad Shah Abdali conferred the title of Maharajah on Ala Singh during the formers eighth invasion between 1764 & 1765. The territory of Patiala continued to grow right up to the death of Maharajah Ala Singh on August 22nd 1765. He was succeeded by his only legitimate son, Amar Singh.[2] The history of Patiala state starts off with the ancestor of the Sikh Patiala Royal House, Mohan Singh being harassed by neighbouring Bhullars and Dhaliwals (tappedars of the terrirtory). They would not allow Mohan to settle there. He was a follower of Guru Hargobind and the Guru appealed on behalf of Mohan, but to no avail. The result was an armed struggle and the Bhullars and Dhaliwals were defeated by the Guru's men, which allowed Mohan to establish the Village of Meharaj in 1627.[3] The Phuara Chowk (lit. the Fountain Crossing) is the central landmark of Patiala Gates of Patiala Walled City * Darshani gate - Main entrance of Qila Mubarak * Lahouri gate * Nabha gate * Samana gate * Sirhindi gate * Sheranwala gate * Safabadi gate * Sunami gate * Top Khana Gate Moti Bagh Palace, Patiala now houses the National Institute of Sports Education The first printing press of Patiala called "Munshi Nawal Kishore Printing Press" was established in 1870s. Since then Patiala has emerged as a center for Punjabi language.

Punjab State Government 'languages department' is headquartered in Patiala city near 'Sheranwala Gate'. Since Indian independence in 1947, Patiala has emerged as a major educational center in state of Punjab. The city houses the Punjabi University,[4] Thapar University,[5] Rajiv Gandhi National University of Law,[6] Mohindra College, Government Medical College, Patiala, Multani Mal Modi College, Government College for Girls, Bikram College of Commerce, Government College of Education, Government College of Physical Education, Khalsa College, Government Ayurvedic College and Yadavindra Public School. Netaji Subhash National Institute of Sports, Patiala is a sports hub of North India. Rajiv Gandhi National University Of Law, Patiala[7] was the first national law school of north region established under Punjab Government Act of 2006. Patiala city has many playgrounds, including Polo Ground on Lower Mall Road; which houses an indoor stadium. Other sports facilities include Yadavindra Sports Stadium for athletics, Rink Hall for roller skating, and National Institute of Sports, Patiala. Punjabi University has its own sprawling sports grounds, including a velodrome. Patiala is seat of many important administrative offices of Punjab state, including Punjab State Electricity Board, Punjab Public Service Commission, Punjab Pollution Control Board, Excise and Taxation Commissioner Office, Chief Engineer PWD (B & R), Punjab Languages Department, and State Bank of Patiala. Higher education Rajindra Kothi, Patiala located in the Baradari Gardens File:Vmc.jpg * Punjab Aircraft Maintenance Engg. College (One of the two Govt.Colleges for A.M.E ) * Vaishnoo Maa Computers[8] * Mohindra College Est. 1875. * National Defence University of India (Proposed) * Punjabi University Est. 1962. * Thapar University Established 1956. * Rajiv Gandhi National University of Law[6] * Multani Mal Modi College, Lower Mall est. 1967. * Bikram College of Commerce, Patiala. * Government Medical College, Patiala. * Khalsa College, Patiala. * Govt Ayurvedic College,Patiala * GCG,Patiala * Physical Education College,Patiala * B.Ed Collage * Govt. Polytechnic, Patiala patiala patiala is the best city

Reputed Schools * Rajwindra Pre School (103/4 Old Bishan Nagar,patiala) * Senior Secondry Model School, Punjabi University, Patiala. * Apollo Public School ( Urban Estate,patiala) * The British Co-Ed High School, Devigarh Road, Patiala * Budha Dal Public School, Lower Mall, Patiala * Sri Aurobindo International School Patiala. * Veer Haqiqat Rai Model Senior Secondery School,Patiala * Army Public School ,Tarapur Enclave, Patiala Cantt , Patiala * Sri Guru Teg Bahadur Public School, Tripuri, Patiala. * Sun Flower Model High School, Tripuri, Patiala. * Ryan International School, Urban Estate, Patiala. * Modern Senior Secondary School Patiala. * St.Peter's Academy Patiala. * Our Lady of Fatima Convent High School Patiala. * Yadavindra Public School Patiala Est. 1948. * Pheel Khana, Patiala Est. 1955. * Play Ways High School Patiala. * Senior Model School, Civil Lines Patiala Est. 1956. * D.A.V Public School, 22 No. Phatak Patiala. * New Daffodils Public School Patiala. * Modern Senior Secondary School, Patiala * Kendriya Vidyalaya, Patiala. * Spring Dale Public School, Patiala. * Malwa Senior Secondary School, Bhadson Road, Patiala * Shivalik Public School, Patiala * S.Teja singh kandhari public school, Patiala * Shri Guru har Krishan High School ( Sher-e-Punjab Market Patiala) * Guru Nanak foundation public school(G.N.F)(Sular road, Patiala) Computer Education * Vaishnoo Maa Computers[8] * Royal Technologies,Patiala * GTEC Patiala Computer Education, Chotti Baradari Patiala Other * National Institute of Sports, Patiala. (Actual name "Netaji Institute of Sports") * Punjab State Archives * North Zone Cultural Centre, Patiala. * Government I T I Patiala * PSEB Engineers' Association

* N.I.F.C and P.A.C oldest flying clubs in INDIA est.in Lahore (now PAKISTAN) Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[9] Patiala had a population of 302,870. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Patiala has an average literacy rate of 77%, higher than the national average of 64.9%: male literacy is 79%, and female literacy is 73%. In Patiala, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age. Culture and traditions Phulkari from Patiala Patiala's sway over the Malwa area extended beyond merely political influence. Patiala was equally the set of religious and cultural life. Educationally, Patiala was in the forefront. Patiala was the first town in this part of the country to have Degree College - the Mohindra College - in 1870. The famous printing press of Munshi Nawal Kishore was also established here in the seventies of the 19th century. Patiala has had a culture of its own, evolving into a distinct "patialavi" culture. Patiala has also seen evolution of a distinct style of architecture. Borrowing from the Rajput style, its beauty and elegance are, however, moulded according to the local traditions. Main article: Patiala Gharana Phul Cinema on The Mall facing the Fountain Chowk is built in Art Deco style With the active patronage of the erstwhile rules of Patiala, a well established style of Hindustani music called the "Patiala Gharana" came into existence and has held its own up to the present times. This school of music has had a number of famous musicians, many of whom came to Patiala after the disintegration of the Mughal Court at Delhi in the 18th century. At the turn of the century, Ustad Ali Bux was the most renowned exponent of this Gharana. Later his sons, Ustad Akhtar Hussain Khan and Ustad Bade Ghulam Ali Khan achieved world wide fame and brought glory to the Patiala Gharana. This school of music continues to get the patronage of the State though the North Zone Culture Centre - NZCC established at Patiala. After partition of India, a lot of Bahawalpuri people migrated from Bahawalpur (Pakistan) and settled in Patiala. This Community has developed a vibrant, lively and happening colony known as Tripuri Town within Patiala. Most of the residents here in this colony speak their ancestral language "Bahawalpuri", which is similar to Pakistani language Multani. Main article: North Zone Cultural Centre District Administration * The Deputy Commissioner, an officer belonging to the Indian Administrative Service, is the overall in-charge of the General Administration in the district. He is assisted by a number of officers belonging to Punjab Civil Service and other Punjab state services. * The brand new Mini Secretariat on Nabha Road, which houses all the major offices including that of the DC and the SSP, was completed in record time, owing to the initiative of the member of parliament of Patiala and local administration.

* The Senior Superintendent of Police, an officer belonging to the Indian Police Service, is responsible for maintaining Law & Order and related issues in the district. He is assisted by the officers of the Punjab Police Service and other Punjab Police officials. * The Divisional Forest Officer, an officer belonging to the Indian Forest Service, is responsible for the management of the Forests, Environment and Wild-Life in the district. He is assisted by the officers of the Punjab Forest Service and other Punjab Forest officials and Punjab Wild-Life officials. * Sectoral development is looked after by the district head/officer of each development department such as PWD, Health, Education, Agriculture, Animal husbandry, etc. These officers are from various Punjab state services. * The Patiala Railways station is a historical place, with many big movies like Love Aaj Kal (Saif, Deepika) shot in Patiala. Notable People from Patiala Mohindra College, Patiala at night * Shaheed-i-Azam Sardar Udham Singh socialist revolutionary * Captain Amarinder Singh 29th Chief Minister of Punjab * Maharani Parneet Kaur - Member of Parliament * Randhir Singh - Member of Indian Olympics Commission * Surjit Singh Dhaliwal - Former Member of Legislative Member and active as a Business Tycoon * Prince Raninder Singh * Jimmy Shergill - actor * Abhinav Bindra - the first Indian to win an individual gold medal at the Olympics * Gul Panag - actor * Om Puri - actor * Wing Commander Rakesh Sharma the first Indian and 138th person to travel in space * Naresh Goyal - chairman of jet airways * Daler Mehndi Punjabi music artist * Gurdas Mann - Punjabi singer and actor * Gursewak Mann- Punjabi singer * Harbhajan Mann - Punjabi singer and actor * Babbu Mann - Punjabi singer and actor * Pammi Bai - Punjabi singer * Deepak Arora - Manager ASSL * Satwinder Bitti - Female Punjabi Singer * Mika Singh - Punjabi music artist and active in Bollywood * Bhagwant Mann - comedian * Rana Ranbir - comedian, writer and actor * Father of Sher Ali & Mehar Ali the famous Qawals

* Navjot Singh Sidhu cricketer, actor, commentator and politician * Mohinder Amarnath - cricketer * Reetinder Sodhi - cricketer * Major Sandhu television presenter in London * Roop Bhinder - Contestant of Roadies 6 Banaur Banaur is a city and a municipal council in Patiala district in the state of Punjab, India. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Banaur had a population of 15,005. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Banaur has an average literacy rate of 61%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 58% of the males and 42% of females literate. 15% of the population is under 6 years of age. Also see Banur Bhankharpur Bhankharpur is a census town in Mohali district in the state of Punjab, India. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Bhankharpur had a population of 9118. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Bhankharpur has an average literacy rate of 71%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 74% and female literacy of 67%. 13% of the population is under 6 years of age. HOLY PLACES * Guruduwara shri babe saheb * Markanda mandir * Khera mandir Ghagga Ghagga is a town and a municipal committee in Patiala district in the state of Punjab, India. It is located on the Patiala - Patran road and is very near to the border of Haryana. Ghagga falls in the Shutrana constituency of Punjab.Its is famous for The Ghagga Kothi previously owned by the erstwhile royal family of Patiala, it is presently under the control of Punjab Police. Prominent Personalities Sardar Ridha Singh Ji Akali of Ghagga village was the vice president of the Riyasat Parjamandal Party. Sardar Sewa Singh Thikriwala of Thikriwala village, was the president. This party was a part of the freedom struggle and wanted equal rights for the common man. At that time, the British and the monarchy had imposed a lot of restrictions against the people of Punjab. There was no freedom of movement on the roads, which connected the villages to the main towns and cities. The Maharaja, on the other hand used these roads for his hunting pursuits and other expeditions. This, and numerous other violations against the

lot of the Punjabi people, led to the formation of the Riyasat Parjamandal Party, which demanded basic rights for the natives of Punjab. Sardar Ridha Singh Ji Akali Pannu was actively involved in numerous activities for demanding basic rights for the common man in Punjab. Dr. Kartar Singh Dang (commonly known as "Papa Ji" in this village) was the lone doctor in this village, served with dedication for more than 40 years helping out poor and needy. Master Hamir singh Ghagga [former minister] also belongs to this village Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Ghagga had a population of 25000. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Ghagga has an average literacy rate of 49%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 56%, and female literacy is 41%. In Ghagga, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age. Ghagga had many resturents. Ghanaur Ghanaur is a town and a nagar panchayat in Patiala district in the state of Punjab, India. Geography Ghanaur is located at 3020N 7637E / 30.33N 76.61E / 30.33; 76.61.[1] It has an average elevation of 255 metres (836 feet). The block voice-chairman of Ghanaur grain market as well as NIRANKARi PARMUKH Mr.Amar singh(EX Sarpanch) Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Ghanaur had a population of 5754. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Ghanaur has an average literacy rate of 64%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 68%, and female literacy is 60%. In Ghanaur, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age. Nabha Nabha is a city and municipal council in the Patiala district to the south-west of the Indian state of Punjab. In 1998, the annual income of Nabha state was Rs 1,50,000/-. [1] Contents * 1 Princely State of Nabha * 2 Geography * 3 Demographics * 4 Landmarks of the City * 5 People * 6 Modern Nabha * 7 Wild Life Princely State of Nabha Main article: Nabha State Princely flag of Nabha

Nabha (Gurmukhi:

, Devanagari:

) was a state of the Sikh Royal House of Siddhu Jat

origins founded by the grandson of Chaudhary Phul Singh. Chaudhary Phul Singh (under the patronage and protection of Sikh Guru's Guru Har Gobind and Guru Har Rai) [2] had six sons namely [3], 1.Tiloka 2.Ram Singh 3.Rudh 4.Chunu 5. Jhandu and 6.Takhtmal. Annual income of Nabha state was Rs 1,50,000/-. [4] Claiming descent from the Jaisal, founder of Jaisalmer State in 1156, the founder of this Sikh dynasty, Phul, was Chaudhri (Governor) of a country located at the south east of Delhi. Phuls descendants founded 4 States: Patiala State, Jind State, Faridkot State and Nabha State. Nabha was founded by the great-grandson of Phul in 1755. Sir Hira Singh, Raja of Nabha (c.1843-1911). Tiloka had two sons namely, 1. Gurudutta 2. Sukh Chain. Sukh Chain's descendants ruled Jind state and Gurudatta's descendants ruled Nabha state. Gurudatta's only son was Surat Singh. Surat Singh died in 1742 prior to Gurudatta in 1744. Surat Singh had two sons 1. Hamir Singh (1755-1783 ) and 2. Kapur Singh. Hamir Singh's son Raja Jaswant Singh (17831840) became the ruler. He had two sons namely 1. Maharaja Devendra Singh and 2. Ranjit Singh. Maharaja Devendra Singh had two sons namely, Maharaja Bharpur Singh and Maharaja Bhagwan Singh. Maharaja Bharpur Singh died in 1863 prior to Maharaja Devendra Singh. Maharaja Bhagwan Singh ruled from 1864-1871, he also died without an heir. According to tradition, Hira Singh a distant relative in a neighbouring village was deicided upon as the next in line according to the Maharaja of Patiala and Jind. Maharaja Hira Singh (1871-1911), who ruled from 1871-1911. He was honoured with G.C.S.I. and G.C.I.I. titles by British. His only son was Maharaja Ripudman Singh (1911-1923), who became ruler in 1912 after Maharaja Hira Singh. His son was Maharaja-Tika Pratap Singh (1923-1995) born in 1919. The town of Nabha was formerly the capital of the eponymous princely state in the British Raj. Its territories were scattered; one section, divided into twelve separate tracts, was interspersed among the territories of Patiala and Jind, in the east and south of the Punjab; the other section was in the extreme southeast of that province. The whole of the territories physically belonged to a plain; however, they varied in character from the great fertility of the Pawadh region to the aridity of the Rajputana desert. The ruling dynasty of Nabha are Sikh the state was founded around 1763 by a member of the Phulkian family. The first relations of the state with the HEIC occurred in 1807-08, when the Raja obtained protection against the threatened encroachments of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. After British India's independence, the Princely state of Nabha united with four other Phulkian states to form the Patiala and East Punjab States Union (PEPSU), which later merged into Punjab state following the merging of other Princely states after 1949. Colour nabhi (Maroon) is named after state of Nabha. Nabhi colour use to be state's official colour for turban. The old part of the city, sometimes termed 'Purani nabhi', is a veritable

maze of narrow winding alleys which astonish you by emerging at the most unexpected places. This is the first city which still has the Rolls Royce in the shape of animals, specially crafted for the kings of this city. These were used by the kings and are preserved in the Nabha museum.This is the city which has given us HansRaj as a very noble and respectable inspector. Geography Nabha is located at 3022N 7609E / 30.37N 76.15E / 30.37; 76.15[5]. It has an average elevation of 246 metres (807 feet). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[6], Nabha had a population of 61,953. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Nabha has an average literacy rate of 74%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 79%, and female literacy is 69%. In Nabha, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age. Landmarks of the City 1. Hira Mahal: Residence of the royal family. The gardens and orchards surrounding it have developed into the Hira Mahal Colony 2. Qila Mubarak: Situated at the heart of the city, it has housed various government offices, including the courts 3. Hira Singh Park: Now known as municipal park, near Duladdi Gate. The park is home to the statue of Maharaja Hira Singh 4. Royal Samadhis: on circular road, built in memory of deceased rulers of Nabha, now in a state of disrepair 5. The Courthouse of Nabha, the original residence of Wazir Ishwari Singh Katoch, Prime Minister of Kangra, father of Maharani Lilavati and cousin of Maharaja Sansar Chand of Kangra (father-in-law of Maharaja Ranjit Singh). 6. Old Temple of Attharan Bhuji (goddess with eighteen arms statue) 7. Vedas Mandir in Sadar Bazar Please note that there are two locations of Royal Samadhis, one is for the family of Hira Singh, the other, the original rulers of Nabha is located on the grounds of Punjab Public School, near the water tank, on what was originally known as Shyam Bagh (near Jamunawali Sark (Road)), there rests Maharaja Devinder Singh, his two sons, his wives, Maharani Lilavati, Maharani Mann Kaur and "Cheteanwali" Rani. Dr. Sumerendra Vir Singh Chauhan, from the family of Maharani Lilavati, and uncle of the present Rajkumari of Nabha wife of Maharaja Pratap Singh's second son, is negotiating with the present authorities to allow for repairs to take place of the Royal samadhis of the original rulers. Also the Samadhi of Maharani Lilavati's mother is located in the Ram Temple near Hira Mahal. People The descendants of famous General of Ranjit Singh, Hari Singh Nalwa, reside in Nabha.

The descendants of Wazir Ishwari Singh Katoch, former Prime Minister of Kangra during Maharaja Sansar Chand (Father-in-Law of Maharaja Ranjit Singh), once lived in Nabha and have now emigrated to Canada. Wazir Ishwari Singh's daughter was Maharani Lilavati of Nabha w/o Maharaja Devinder Singh. Wazir Ishwari Singh was the close friend of Hari Singh Nalwa and was thus given refuge in Nabha upon the fall of Kangra. The last known descendant Dr. Sumerendra Vir Singh Chauhan, cousin to the present Maharaja, grandson of Colonel Shivraj Singh Katoch of the Royal Army of Nabha, is negotiating with local authorities to repair old tombs and other places of historical significance. The rest of the descendants have moved to Nepal and Canada. The Nagar Brahmin family protected Maharaja Hira Singh and allowed him to come to the throne of Nabha. For saving his life he gave the Nagar family "Nagara Chownk" or the Chowk of Nagar Family, located in old Nabha. There is still the family of Dr. Inderjit Nagar and his brother's descendents staying there. This is the city where freedom fighter S Bhan Singh and social worker Late Sh. Prem Kumar Shahi lived .He had spent time with the first prime minister of India (pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru), when the later had come to spend time in park bagh. The room still exists there in park bagh nabha. This room is in poor condition. Modern Nabha In 1947, Nabha formed a part of Patiala and East Punjab States Union (PEPSU). At a subsequent reorganization, Patiala was created as a district and Nabha formed a subdivision in Patiala District. The modern Nabha is a thriving, if somewhat dusty town (about 30 kilometres from Patiala). Nabha boasts of several institutions which are somewhat unusual for a town of this size: 1. Punjab Public School (PPS), Nabha is one of the more well known "public schools" in India (other notable schools of this league being YPS Patiata and Mohali, Scindia School, Gwalior, MNSS, Rai and Sainik School, Kapurthala, Lawrence School Sanawer and Doon School in Dehradun. 2. A factory of Glaxo Smith Kline (better known as Horlicks factory). 3. A high security jail which was used to house terrorists in the height of Khalistani movement in the late 1980s. (Jawahar Lal Nehru served a prison term in this jail during India's freedom movement against the British.) 4. Like many other cities of India, Nabha has landmarks called "gates" which roughly circumscribe the city. In Nabha, these are named Patiala Gate, Alhoran gate, Dulladi Gate, Mehs Gate and Bouran Gate. 5. Indian Oil Gas Plant is situated at the outskirts of city on the Nabha - Bhawani garh Road. 6. Punjab Scooters Ltd in Focal Point, now known as Swaraj Automotives Pvt Ltd Doing direct business with Maruti Suzuki, Tata Motors,Eicher, Swaraj Tractors, Swaraj Mazda etc. Wild Life

With respect to its population and residential area Nabha is rich with wild life. It has a small jungle (or forest) along its boundary. As you travel along "Malerkotla to Patiala" road, Nabha is located on left side and jungle is on right side of the road. This small jungle starts from Mehas Gate crossing through playgrounds of Punjab Public School to Rohti Pul. A canal goes with its boundary. Pattran Pattran is a town and a nagar panchayat in Patiala district in the Indian state of Punjab. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Patran had a population of 22,170. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Pattran has an average literacy rate of 65%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 69%, and female literacy is 60%. In Pattran, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age. Patran is big marketplace for rice. This town has more than 100 Rice Shellers.This city is known for car palaces.Patran is attached with Delhi,Jind,Ludhiana,Jalandhar,Patiala and Sangrur by well maintained roads.So this city has good relations with these cities because of exporting of rice.This is developing city of Punjab with fertile land. Rajpura Rajpura is a city and a municipal council in Patiala district in the Indian state of Punjab. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 Industry o 2.1 Integrated IT/ Knowledge Industry Township at Rajpura * 3 Demographics * 4 Holy Places o 4.1 Famous Churches o 4.2 Famous Temples o 4.3 Famous Gurdwara o 4.4 Schools o 4.5 Colleges * 5 Climate Geography Rajpura is located at 3029N 7636E / 30.48N 76.6E / 30.48; 76.6.[1] [1] It has an average elevation of 259 metres (849 feet). Rajpura is situated nearly 36 km south east of Chandigarh, the capital city of Punjab. Besides being an important industrial town of Punjab, it also has historical importance. Geographic location of Rajpura is very ideal,as two National Highways cross through it viz. NH-1 & NH-64. Rajpura is surrounded by a number of major cities like Chandigarh(38 km North), Patiala(20 km South), Ambala(20 km East) andLudhiana(80 km West). And Rajpura

acts as middle point between Amritsar and Delhi on NH-1 as both these cities are 225 km away from Rajpura in oppossite Directions. Rajpura is also known as Gate Way of Punjab. Industry Rajpura is an industrial town. There are number of large scale industries like HUL (Formerly known as HLL) , Amrit Banaspati Company Limited, Siel Chemicals Limited, Amber Enterpsises Limited, and there are large number of small scale industries like The Herbs (India) Remedies - Manufacturer of Quality Ayurvedic Medicines. In small scale industries, Rajpura is a hub of soap factories, Biscuit machines industry and steel works. L&T is constructing 1400MW Rajpura Thermal Power Plant near Village Nalash under power purchase agreement. The first unit, according to the power purchase agreement signed in January 2010, will be commissioned by January 2014 followed by the second in May that year. Also there are plans to further add 700-mw power capacity to the Rajpura Power Plant in Punjab making it 2100MW project. This project marks the L&T's entry into the power generation segment as a developer. This would be the first plant of this country to use supercritical technology that with high temperature and pressure of steam, making it the only green thermal plant in India. Grain market of Rajpura is one of the biggest grain market of Asia, it acquires near about 120acres of area and comprises more than 250shops. The municipal council of RAJPURA is the RICHEST municipal council of PUNJAB. Integrated IT/ Knowledge Industry Township at Rajpura Rajpura SEZ is one of the first Integrated IT/ Knowledge Industry Township in Punjab spreading over an area of 1,276 acres at the location in Patiala adjoining Mohali and Chandigarh. In few months, it will be Punjab's Biggest IT Hub that will be inaugurated by Mr. Nitin Dehra. The total contiguous land of 1,276 acres is already in the process of acquisition and will be developed in phased manner.[citation needed] Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Rajpura had a population of 82,551. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Rajpura has an average literacy rate of 74%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 78%, and female literacy is 70%. In Rajpura, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. Rajpura is situated on the National Highway No. 1 which has been stretched from Kolkatta to Amritsar. Rajpura can be regarded as 'Gateway of Punjab' as all road and rail transport needs to touch Rajpura for the routes going to other major cities of Punjab as well as Jammu & Kashmir. Rajpura is the first Railway Junction in Punjab. The rail lines are diverted from here to 2 major lines catering to Punjab. One is to Amritsar and J&K; and the other towards Bhatinda and Rajasthan. This is one reason that Rajpura has become one of the largest timber market in Punjab.

The name of Rajpura goes down in the history as Emperor Sher Shah Suri "The Lion King", and founder of the Suri Dynasty built a "Sarai" (Inn) in Rajpura for travellers and for his army when ever he passed through Rajpura. This Sarai was built during Suri Dynasty in the years 1540 and 1545. The more than 450 years old Sarai is almost in shambles now but still stands bold. This Sarai today houses the offices of SDM, Tehsildar and DSP of police. The Sarai needs urgent attention of ASI (Archeological Survey of India) so that this historical monument of Rajpura can be preserved as a mark in the history. Rajpura as a tehsil includes 198 villages under its municipal limts and is biggest tehsil in Punjab). Rajpura has north India's only orphanage center "SOS". We can divide Rajpura in three parts. one is Rajpura Township, the second is Old rajpura and third is focal point. The Township was developed post independence to re-habilitate the people who migrated from Pakistani province of Bhawalpur. Majority of the people residing in Rajpura Township are Bhawalpuris. These people worked very hard and made their mark in Rajpura town. Most of the business in township area is controlled by them. Now Rajpura has also become a major Educational Hub of North. Chitkara, Swami Vivekanand, Gyan Sagar etc. are the Institute where students from various places, some even from South India and from other countries,come here to study. Not only Rajpura has emerged in higher eductaion but parents from others areas are also sending their children to study in schools here due to the presence of some prestigious schools such as Patel,Holy Angels, ICL, Mukat, Scholars Home etc. Rajpura has a close proximity to the proposed International Airport. Presently a new company named Cargill India pvt ltd has open its animal feed production unit in Rajpura. Holy Places Famous Churches * Christ Church Rajpura (CNI) Church of North India Mission ( Rev: Makhan Masih ) * St Thomas Church Rajpura (Patiala Highway )( Father Domonic ) * Baptist Church Rajpura ( Chandigrah Highway)( Pastor Neeraj ) * Pentecostal Church Rajpura (Delhi Highway )( Pastor Vargis ) Famous Temples * Nalas Mandir * Durga Mandir * Ganesh Mandir * Santoshi Mata Mandir * Satya-Narayan Mandir * Shiv Mandir * Sanatan Dharam Mandir * Mahavir Mandir * Sheetla Mata Mandir * Hanuman Mandir

* Shanti Kutiya Mandir, K.S.M. Road * Shani Dev Mandir * Devi Mandir * Jai maa Ashram * Hari Mandir * Neelkanth Mahadev Mandir * Geeta Bhawan * Hindu Panchyati Dharamshala Famous Gurdwara * Gurdwara Sahib Jassa Singh Ramgarhia * shree Dudhathari Gurudwara * Shree Singh Sabha Guruduwara * Shree Suhkmani Sahib Guruduwara * Guruduwara Bhai Mati Dass * Guruduwara Shri Guru Teg Bahadar * Guruduwara Sant Baba Balwant Singh Ji Dhudadari (Railway Station) * Guruduwara Sant Baba Tulsi Dass Ji (Said Kheri Village) * Guruduwara Jyoti Sarup Focal Point (Urban Estate) * Gurudwara Singh Sabha Pachranga Chowank Dashmesh Colony * Gurudwara Jap Sahib Gobind Colony Schools Rajpura offers quality of education in CBSE,ICSE and PSEB(local board) affiliation and various schools are: * Patel Public School (A school run by Patel committee, it has around 2500 enrolled students. This is also the school where Miss Pooja,a Punjabi singer,taught for 2 years) * ICL Public School(jasper school) * Aadharshila public school * Mukat Public School * Holy Angels School[2](A prestigious school affiliated to the ICSE Board and managed by Holy Angels, a registered Catholic lay organization) * DAV Public School * DBVM School (Biscuit Factory) * CM Model High School * KK Public School * SD Public School, Said Kheri * Malhotra Public School * Rishi Model School * Scholars Public School * White Bird Public School

* Public Modern Senior Secondary School * NTC-1 * NTC-2 * NTC-3 * Govt. School for Girls,,Rajpura Town * Govt. School for Girls,,Kalka Road * Kidzee Playway School for Children * Holy Heart Public School * Gurukul Public School * Saraswati Vidya Kender, Mandoli * Bachpan School Colleges Rajpura offers quality education in professional courses such as Bachelors in Physiotherapy (B.P.T.) B.tech, M.tech, MBA, B.com, M.com, B.pharma, D.pharma , PGDM, PGDCA, BDS, MBBS, ENT, MD, BCA and MCA. Some of the important institutes of Rajpura are: * Gian Sagar College of Physiotherapy www.giansagar.org/physiotherapy * PMN College.[3] * Chitkara Institute of Engineering and Technology [4] * Swami Vivekanand Institute of Engg. & Tech.[5] * [Gyan Jyoti Institute of Engg. & Tech.] * Gurukul Vidyapeeth Institute of Engg. & Tech.[6] * Gyan Sagar Medical College & Hospital.[7] * Swift institute of Nursing and Pharmacy.[8] * Dr. IT Institute of Management.[9] * Surya Group of Institutes of Engg. & Tech.[10] * Regional Telecom Training Centre of BSNL.[11] * Kasturba College for Girls. * ITI for Boys. * ITI for Girls. * NSIC. * Upcoming Government Institute Engg. & Tech for Girls at Work Center Colony, inauguration in 2011. * swift institute of engineering and management Rurki Kasba Rurki Kasba is a census town in Patiala district in the Indian state of Punjab. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Rurki Kasba had a population of 8186. Males constitute 55% of the population and females 45%. Rurki Kasba has an average literacy rate of 69%,

higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 74%, and female literacy is 63%. In Rurki Kasba, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age. Samana Samana is a city and a municipal council in Patiala district in the Indian state of Punjab. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 Demographics * 3 Samana Constituency * 4 Famous politicians from Samana * 5 Places to Visit Geography Samana is located at 3010N 7611E / 30.16N 76.19E / 30.16; 76.19[1]. It has an average elevation of 240 metres (787 feet). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Samana had a population of 46,509. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Samana has an average literacy rate of 66%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 70%, and female literacy is 61%. In Samana, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age. Tomb of Prophet's "descendant" discovered By Zafarul-Islam Khan The Milli Gazette Online Samana (Patiala): This sleepy north Indian town is all set to become a major pilgrimage centre for Shia Muslims following the chance discovery of a tomb said to belong to Imam Sayyid Mash-had Ali, a son of Imam Ali Raza, the eighth descendant of Prophet Muhammad. Samana is located 28 kilometers from Patiala in the Indian state of Punjab. According to scholars of Muslim history, the discovery of the mazar is significant in that there is no mazar of any Imam in South Asia. Scholars are of the view that Imam Sayyid Mash-had Ali was buried here about 1200 years ago and the town of Samana also takes its name from his mother. Facts related to this have been confirmed with old religious books, sources claimed. But we do not find Mash-had as one of the sons of Imam Ali Raza who, according to historical sources, had only two sons: Ali (the ninth Imam) and Moosa. According to some sources, he also had a third son called Yahya. (http://www.imamjawad.net/htm/ara/ library/mosoa_imam_jawad/m2_ 3.htm#m4). The Samana tomb was discovered by chance during the visit of Lahore High Court Judge, Shabbar Rizvi, about three months ago, when the stone at the shrine was cleared. Judge Rizvi, whose family emigrated from Samana at the time of Partition, told the local administration that a great saint lies buried at the place and he asked them to clear the place. Upon clearing it the inscription emerged. Since its discovery, the mazar has been thronged by a host of important Shia dignitaries, including clerics from Lucknow and diplomats from the Iranian embassy in Delhi. They are now working on plans for its restoration and renovation.

A team comprising of Lucknows Maulana Kalbe Jawwad and two functionaries of the Iranian Embassy in Delhi accompanied by Dr Nasir Naqvi, a teacher of Punjabi University, visited the tomb. The Iran Cultural House in Delhi is planning to hold a seminar on this discovery in Chandigarh. Maulana Kalbe Jawwad informed MG that while visiting Delhi recently he was told that there existed a tomb of a saint who is said to be a pedigree of the Eight or the Ninth Imam of the Shiites. During his visit to the place, he was told that Sayyids were living at the place but after Partition it was ruined as the Muslim inhabitants emigrated to Pakistan. Sikh Nihangs told him that they tried to build a Gurudwara on the spot but whenever they erected any structure it crumbled. Owing to superstition, they left the place untouched and asked the Punjab Waqf Board to grant them some other land and the same was granted to them at a distance of 200 meters from the site of the grave. Maulana Jawwad added that the tomb exists from the time of Emperor Akbar. He said that he would be leaving for Iran on 11 July to track the history of the tomb and if proved it would be the greatest religious site of Muslims in the Subcontinent as there is no proof that any descendant of the Prophet is buried in South Asia. Maulana Jawwad also said that he is thinking of facilitating the transfer of about 5000 Shiite families to Samana in order to inhabit the place and take care of the tomb. In Samana, Sant Kirpalji of Gurudwara Thada Saheb (situated at a distance of a kilometer from the tomb) told MG that the Sikh order called Buddha Dal took care of the tomb after Partition. Earlier the place was served by Thambi Baba who disappeared one day. Now a Brahmin called Mangat Ram takes care of the place and keeps it clean out of love. Sant Kirpalji also said that he has seen a book in Urdu about the history of Samana. According to him Persians of Samanat caste came here and inhabited the place centuries ago. They were cloth merchants. According to Sant Kirpalji and others in the area, the important tomb belongs to Chauda Peer (Wide Saint) who is considered the most important saint in the area. The adjacent tomb, according to them, belongs to his brother or wife. A third tomb to the right belongs to his maternal uncle who is addressed by the villagers as Imam Saheb or Bada Peer (Big Saint). Around 80 kela land (about 320 bighas) is attached to the tomb but most of it has been usurped by the villagers. Only five kelas is left for the tomb which is used for agriculture and the income is utilised for the upkeep and repair of the tomb. Sant Kirpalji keeps a separate register for this purpose. The tomb is located in a large compound which is about four kilometers outside Samana town. It has an impressive Mughal style gate but the structures inside are in need of urgent repair. A number of graves are found all over the place (see sketch where G denotes graves; 1 is for Chauda Peers grave, 2 for his brother or wifes grave, and 3 for the grave of his maternal uncle). The Persian epitaph planted in the wall facing the grave seems to be recent and made by a novice (see above). It reads: Tomb of Hazrat Imam Mash-had Ali son

of Hazrat Ali Moosa Raza. Built by Ajruddin Khan Mughal son of Bakhsh Allah Khan in the month of Blessed Ramadan 967 Hijri corresponding to Year 4 of Emperor Akbar. The Chief Minister of Punjab, Captain Amrinder Singh, has ordered the concerned authorities to start working on the site immediately so that it could be declared a sacred place. Samana Constituency Samana is one of the 117 Vidhan Sabha Constituencies of Punjab. There are 237457 voters (122932 males and 114525 females) under Samana constituency. List of MLAs of Samana Constituency * 1956 : Harchand Singh Fatehgarh channa (INC) * 1977 : Gurdev Singh (SAD) * 1980 : Sant Ram Singla (INC) * 1985 : Hardial Singh Rajla(SAD) * 1992 : Amrinder Singh (SAD) * 1997 : Jagtar Singh Rajla (SAD) * 2002 : Surjit Singh Rakhra (SAD) * 2007 : Brahm Mohindra (INC) Famous politicians from Samana * Harchand Singh Fatehgarh Channa - M.P. Ropar, Former MLA (Samana, Banoor, Amloh Punjab) * Vijay Inder Singla - M.P. (Sangrur, Punjab), President of Punjab Youth Congress * Surinder Singla - Former Finance Minister of Punjab, Former MLA (Bathinda, Punjab) * Sant Ram Singla - Former Chairman of Punjab Mandi Board, Former MLA (Samana, Punjab) * Ajinder Pal Singh Fatehgarh Channa - Member PPCC,Secretary PPCC (Punjab) Chairman District Handball Association. * Ch.Bhajan Lal - Ex MLA Samana Places to Visit Bir Gurdialpura Wildlife Sanctuary: Bir Gurdialpura Wildlife Sanctuary is about 15 Km from Samana. It was one of the important hunting reserves of the erstwhile rulers of Patiala state. It was declared a protected forest and then as a sanctuary under the Fauna of Patiala Act. The sanctuary has good ecological value has a good habitat for number of wild animals. == 'Panchmukhi Mandir: [[File:Panchmukhi Mandir Samana]] Panchmukhi Mandir is one of the ancient temples of Samana. It is a large and beautiful temple devoted to Lord Shiva. Every year, a grand festival is celebrated in this temple on the occasion of Mahashivaratri.Mata Naina Devi Mandir is also there inside this mandir .This is the one of famous temple .Now u can C here a NAVGRAH Mandir. == Gurudwara Thada Saheb: Thada Saheb is a beautiful Gurudwara.

Panj Peer Mazar: It is a major pilgrimage centre for Shia Muslims. Sayyid Mash-had Ali was buried here about 1200 years ago and the town of Samana also takes its name from his mother. According to scholars of Muslim history, the discovery of the mazar is significant in that there is no mazar of any Imam in South Asia. Sanaur Sanaur is a city and a municipal council in Patiala district in the Indian state of Punjab. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 History * 3 Demographics Geography Sanaur is located at 3018N 7628E / 30.3N 76.46E / 30.3; 76.46.[1] It has an average elevation of 253 metres (830 feet). History The Town Sanour lies 4 miles South-east of Patiala. It lies on a high mound. The town is of some antiquity. In the time of Babar, Malik Baha-ud-Din Khokar became the chief of this pargana which was called Chaurasi, having 84 villages. In 1748, it came into the possession of Baba Ala Singh. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Sanaur had a population of 17,938. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Sanaur has an average literacy rate of 63%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 67%, and female literacy is 58%. In Sanaur, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age. Eminent People. THE Place has produced great people like sardar.Lal Singh former Finance minister of punjab and six times MLA of sanour constituency(rsk), Om Puri who is one of the few Indian Actors who have been recognized globally and Justice Sarkaria who is a former judge of Supreme Court. K.P. who is being dubbed as the new sensation in bollywood also hails from this place.He will make his directorial debut in 2011. Shekhpura Shekhpura is a census town in Patiala district in the Indian state of Punjab. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Shekhpura had a population of 1932. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Shekhpura has an average literacy rate of 68%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 75%, and female literacy is 61%. In Shekhpura, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age. Rupnagar district Rupnagar district is one of the twenty districts in the state of Punjab in North-West India. The town of Rupnagar (formerly known as Rupar or Ropar) is said to have been founded by

a Raja called Rokeshar, who ruled during the 11th century and named it after his son Rup Sen. It is also the site of an ancient town of the Indus Valley Civilization. The major cities in Ropar District are Morinda, Kurali, Anandpur Sahib. Morinda is also known as Baghawala "The City of Gardens." Morinda is located at Chandigarh-Ludhiana Highway. Contents * 1 Rupar o 1.1 Period I o 1.2 Period II o 1.3 Period III To V o 1.4 Period VI * 2 Location * 3 Climate * 4 Tehsils in Rupnagar District Rupar Rupar is a 21 metre high ancient mound overlaying the Shiwalik (also spelt as Sivalik or Shivalik) deposition on the left bank of the river Sutlej where it emerges into the lains. It has yielded a sequence of six cultural periods or phases with some breaks from the Harappan times to the present day. The excavations were carried out by Dr. Y.D. Sharma of Archaeological Survey of India. The migration of the Harappans to Rupar has been postulated through the lost Saraswati River to the Sutlej as both the river once belonged to one system. Period I At Rupar excavation, the lowest levels yielded the Harappan traits in Period 1, which falls in the proto-historic period. A major find was a steatite seal in the Indus script used for the authentication of trading goods, impression of seal on a terracotta lump of burnt clay, chert blades, copper implements, terracotta beads and bangles and typical standardized pottery of Indus Valley Civilization. They flourished in all the Harappan cities and townships. The dead were buried with head generally to the north and with funerary vessels as unearthed in cemetery R-37 at Harappa (Sind, Pakistan). What led the Harappans to desert the site is not known. Period II Period II belongs to Painted grey ware people who followed the Harappans. Typical pottery of this period consisted of fine greyware painted black, terracotta bangles, semi precious stones, glass, bone arrowheads, ivory kohl sticks and copper implements. This period is identified as the period belonging to the Great War Epic - Mahabharata. A new settlement sprang up here by about 600 BC - chronologically Period III at Rupar. Grey pottery of Period II still continued. This period belongs to circa 600 BC to 200 BC. It yielded the earlier coins (punch marked and uninscribed cast coins), copper and implements. An

important find was an ivory seal inscribed in Mauryan Brahmi script (4th and 3rd century BC) Minutely carved and polished stone discs with a figure and motif associated with the cult of the Mother goddess of fertility have also been unearthed in the excavations from Taxila (now in Pakistan), Patna in the state of Bihar and other Mauryan sites. Houses of mud and kiln burnt bricks were by no means rare. A 3.6 metre wide burnt brick wall traced to a length of about 75 mts probably endorsed a tank which collected water through inlets. The upper levels have soak wells lined with terracotta rings of Sunga and Kushana periods. Period III To V From Period III to V there are fairly rich dwelling complexes with houses of stone and mud bricks. The full plans of the houses could not be exposed owing to the vertical nature of excavations carried out. Period VI The next phase, Period VI revealed the evidence of the Sungas, Kushanas and Guptas and their successors. Excavations also revealed successive building levels of various dynasties. In the upper levels a hoard of copper coins of Kushan and Gupta rules were found. This includes a gold coin issued by Chandragupta-Kumerdevi of the Gupta dynasty, which is also known as the golden age in ancient Indian history. A large number of terracotta figurines of Sunga, Kushana and Gupta periods were also discovered. Amongst them was a Yakshi figure with cherubic expression and a beautiful seated figure of a lady playing on the lyre reminiscent of Samudraguptas figure in a similar position on the famous gold coins of the Gupta dynasty. A set of three silver utensils for ritualistic purpose with Greek influence depicts the fine craftsmanship of the Gupta dynasty in its chased decoration. The pottery of this period in the upper levels is for the most part red ware and is frequently decorated with incised motifs. After a short break, there is evidence of a fresh occupation identified as Period V commencing around the early 6th century and continuing for three or four centuries. The coins of Toramana (circa AD 500) and Mihirakula (circa 510-40) have been recovered from these levels. The spacious brick building of the fifth period were constricted neatly and evidences showed a good measure of prosperity during this period. Probably after desertion, a new town sprang up here around 13th century AD on the same site named Period VI and it continues to flourish to the present day. An archaeological site museum has been set up to house some of the antiquities of Rupar along with the photographs displaying excavation material. Location Districts of Punjab along with their headquarters Rupnagar district, included in the Patiala Division of Punjab falls between north latitude 30-32' and 31-24' and east longitude 76-18' and 76-55'. Rupnagar (formerly known as Ropar) town, the district headquarters is 42 km from Chandigarh, the state capital. The

district adjoins Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar (formerly known as Nawanshahar), Mohali and Fatehgarh Sahib Districts of Punjab. The district comprises 3 Tehsils, Rupnagar, Anandpur Sahib and Chamkaur Sahib and includes 617 villages and 6 towns namely Rupnagar, Chamkaur Sahib, Anandpur sahib, Morinda, Kiratpur Sahib and Nangal. All the towns except Chamkaur sahib fall on railways line. The Satluj river passes close (2 to 5 km) to the towns of Nangal, Rupnagar and Anandpur Sahib. Climate The climate of Rupnagar District is characterized by its general dryness (except in the southwest monsoon season), a hot summer and a bracing cold winter. The year may be divided into four seasons. The period from about middle of November to February is the cold season. This is followed by the summer season from March to about the end of June. The south-west monsoon season commences late in June and continues up to about middle of September. The period from mid September to the middle of November constitute the post-monsoon or transition season. The temperature ranges from minimum of 4C in winter to 45C in summer. May and June are generally hottest months and December and January are the coldest months. Relative humidity is high, averaging about 70 percent during monsoon. The average annual rainfall in district is 775.6 mm. About 78 percent of the annual rainfall is received during the period from June to September. The soils of the District vary in texture generally from loam to silty clay loam except along the Sutlej River and chos where some sandy patches may be found. Chamkaur Sahib and Kharar blocks have sodic soils. The soils of Anandpur Sahib and Rupnagar blocks are undulating. Tehsils in Rupnagar District * Anandpur Sahib * Chamkaur Sahib * Nangal * Rupnagar Rupnagar Rupnagar is a town and a municipal council in Rupnagar district in the Indian state of Punjab. It was formerly known as Ropar. The town of Rupnagar is said to have been founded by a Raja called Rokeshar, who ruled during the 11th century and named it after his son Rup Sen. It is also the site of an ancient town of the Indus Valley Civilization. The major cities in Ropar District are Morinda, Kurali, Anandpur Sahib and Chamkaur Sahib. The town of Mohali was once part of Ropar District before it became a separate district in 2006. The Bhakra dam in Nangal lies on the boundary with the neighbouring state of Himachal Pradesh. Rupnagar is nearly 50 km to the northwest of Chandigarh (the nearest airport). It is bordered by Himachal Pradesh to the north and Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar district (formerly known as Nawanshahr district) to its west. Contents

* 1 Roparwitness to six ancient civilizations o 1.1 Period I o 1.2 Period II o 1.3 Period III To V o 1.4 Period IV * 2 Geography * 3 The climate * 4 Soils * 5 Demographics * 6 District Administration * 7 Education * 8 Transport * 9 Important cities and towns * 10 Statistical Data Of Ropar District Roparwitness to six ancient civilizations Ropar is a 21 metre high ancient mound overlaying the Shiwalik (also spelt Sivalik) deposition on the left bank of the river Satluj where it emerges into the plains. It has yielded a sequence of six cultural periods or phases with some breaks from Harappan times to the present day. The excavations were carried out by Dr. Y.D. Sharma of the Archaeological Survey of India. The migration of people from Harappa to Ropar has been postulated through the lost Saraswati River to the Satluj as both rivers once belonged to one system. Period I At Ropar excavations at the lowest levels yielded Harappan traits in Period 1, which falls in the protohistoric period. A major find was a stealite seal in the Indus script used for the authentication of trading goods, impressions of seals on a terracotta lump of burnt clay, chert blades, copper implements, terracotta beads and bangles and typical standardised pottery of the Indus Valley civilization. They flourished in all the Harappan cities and townships. The earliest houses at Ropar were built with river pebbles available in abundance but soon they made use of cut slabs of lime with the same ratio of 4:2:1. Sun baked bricks were sometimes used in the foundations. Houses were built to suit climatic conditions. Walls were plastered with water repelling sticky clay. In the north, flat roofs were common but deep-pitched roofs were used along the west coastBengal and Assamdue to heavy rainfall. The dead were buried with the head generally to the north and with funerary vessels as unearthed in cemetery R-37 at Harappa (Sindh, Pakistan). What led the Harappans to desert the site is not known. Period II

Period II belongs to the Painted Grey Ware period which followed the Period I. Typical pottery of this period consisted of fine greyware painted black, terracotta bangles, semi precious stones, glass, bone arrowheads, ivory kohl sticks and copper implements. This period is identified as the period belonging to the Great War EpicMahabharata. A new settlement sprang up here by about 600 BCchronologically Period III at Ropar. Grey pottery of Period II still continued. This period belongs to circa 600 BC to 200 BC. It yielded early coins (punch marked and uninscribed cast coins), copper and implements. An important find was an ivory seal inscribed in the Mauryan Brahmi script (4th and 3rd centuries BCE) Minutely carved and polished stone discs with a figure and motif associated with the cult of the Mother goddess of fertility have also been unearthed in the excavations from Taxila (now in Pakistan), Patna in the state of Bihar and other Mauryan sites. Houses of mud and kiln fired bricks were by no means rare. A 3.6 metre wide fired brick wall traced to a length of about 75 metres probably encompassed a water tank which collected water through inlets. The upper levels have soak wells lined with terracotta rings of the Sunga and Kushana periods. Period III To V From Period III to V there are fairly rich dwelling complexes with houses of stone and mud bricks. Full layouts of buildings could not be exposed owing to the vertical nature of excavations carried out. Period IV The next phase, Period IV revealed evidence of the Sunga, Kushan (also spelt as Kushana) and Gupta periods. With a hoard of copper coins from the Kushan and Gupta periods being found. This includes a gold coin issued by Chandragupta Kumardevi of the Gupta dynasty, which is also known as the golden age in ancient Indian history. A large number of terracotta figurines of the Sunga, Kushana and Gupta periods were also discovered. Among them was a Yakshi figure with cherubic expression and a beautiful seated figure of a woman playing the lyre reminiscent of Samudraguptas figure in a similar position on gold coins from the Gupta dynasty. A set of three silver utensils for ritualistic purpose with Greek influence depicts the fine craftsmanship of the Gupta dynasty in its chased decoration. The pottery of this period in the upper levels is for the most part red ware and is frequently decorated with incised motifs. After a short break, there is evidence of a fresh occupation identified as Period V commencing around the early 6th century and continuing for three or four centuries. The coins of Toramana (circa 500 CE) and Mihirakula (circa 510CE-40CE) have been recovered from these levels. The spacious brick building of the fifth period were constricted neatly and evidences showed a good measure of prosperity during this period. Probably after desertion, a new town sprang up here around 13th century CE on the same site named Period VI and it continues to flourish to the present day.

An archaeological museum has been set up to house some of the antiquities found along with photographs displaying excavation material. Geography Rupnagar is located at 3058N 7632E / 30.97N 76.53E / 30.97; 76.53[1]. It has an average elevation of 260 metres (853 ft).Town lies on bank of Satluj river ,low Shivalik hills are present on opposite bank of the river. Rupnagar district, included in the Patiala Division of Punjab falls between north latitude 30-32' and 31-24' and east longitude 76-18' and 76-55'. Rupnagar (formerly known as Ropar) town, the district headquarters is 42 km from Chandigarh, the state capital. The district adjoins Nawanshahar, Mohali and Fatehgarh Sahib Districts of Punjab. The district comprises 4 Tehsils, Rupnagar Nangal Anandpur Sahib and Chamkaur Sahib and includes 617 villages and 6 towns namely Rupnagar, Chamkaur Sahib, Anandpur Sahib, Morinda, Kiratpur Sahib and Nangal. All towns except Chamkaur Sahib have railways connections. The Satluj river passes close (2 to 5 km) to the towns of Nangal, Rupnagar and Anandpur Sahib.there are many historical and holy places in ropar.most of them are gurdwaras likeBHHATHA SAHIB, TIBBI SAHIB, SADABARAT SAHIB etc. in ropar. Also in surrounding villages like BRAHMAN MAJRA, BOOR MAJRA, BINDRAKH, KHIZRABAD and many more which are built very beautiful by religious people.because ropar is very near to SHRI ANANDPUR SAHIB {the established place of SIKHISM } The climate The climate of Rupnagar District is characterized by its general dryness (except in the south west monsoon season), a hot summer and a bracing cold winter. The year may be divided into four seasons. The period from about middle of November to February is the cold season. This is followed by the summer season from March to about the end of [June]. The south-west monsoon season commences late in June and continues up to about middle of September. The period from mid September to the middle of November constitute the post-monsoon or transition season. The temperature ranges from minimum of 4 C in winter to 45 C in summer. May and June are generally hottest months and December and January are the coldest months. Relative humidity is high, averaging about 70% during monsoon. The average annual rainfall in district is 775.6 mm. About 78% of the annual rainfall is received during the period from June to September. Soils The soils of the District vary in texture generally from loam to silty clay loam except along the Satluj River and chos where some sandy patches may be found. Chamkaur Sahib and Kharar, Mohali blocks have sodic soils. The soils of Anandpur Sahib and Rupnagar blocks are undulating. Demographics As of 2001 India census[2], Rupnagar had a population of 48,165. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Rupnagar has an average literacy rate of 75%, higher than

the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 78%, and female literacy is 82%. In Rupnagar, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. District Administration * The Deputy Commissioner, an officer belonging to the Indian Administrative Service, is the overall in-charge of the General Administration in the district. He is assisted by a number of officers belonging to Punjab Civil Service and other state services. * The Senior Superintendent of Police, an officer belonging to the Indian Police Service is entrusted with the responsibility of maintaining law and order and related issues of the district. He is assisted by the officers of the Punjab Police Service and other Punjab Police officials. * The Divisional Forest Officer, an officer belonging to the Indian Forest Service is responsible for managing the Forests, environment and wild-life related issues of the district. He is assisted by the officers of the Punjab Forest Service and other Punjab Forest officials and Punjab Wild-Life officials. * Sectoral development is looked after by the district head of each development department such as PWD, Agriculture, Health, Education and Animal husbandry. These officers belong to various State Services. Education Rupnagar district houses one of the prestigious technological institutes in the country, IIT Ropar. The corresponding region has received a major boost due to the setup of the institute in year 2009. The other technical education institute includes Ropar Institute Of Management And Technology, Shekhupur on Ropar-Bela road and various other reputed schools and colleges. Transport Ropar is well connected with all the major cities of Punjab and to National Capital. National Highway 21 pass through Ropar linking making it a important milestone. There is state bus depot (new and old) in the city located near the Satluj bank. Also there are many private bus operators in Ropar, namely ABC(The Ambala Bus Company). Important cities and towns * Anandpur Sahib * Chamkaur Sahib * Kiratpur Sahib * Morinda * Nangal * Rupnagar * Kamalpur Anandpur Sahib

Anandpur Sahib (Punjabi:

, Hindi:

) is a city and a municipal

council in Rupnagar district in the state of Punjab, India. Known as "the holy City of Bliss," it is a holy city of the Sikhs and is one of their most important sacred places, closely linked with their religious traditions and history. It is located on the lower spurs of the Himalayas surrounded by picturesque natural scenery, with the river Sutlej forming a shimmering and shiny blue border on the south west barely four miles away. Contents * 1 History * 2 Demographics * 3 Festivals and Fairs * 4 Landmarks * 5 Five Forts of Guru Gobind Singh Ji * 6 Sacred sites near Anandpur Sahib * 7 Other Places * 8 See also History Anandpur Sahib was founded in the year 1665 by the ninth Sikh Guru, Guru Tegh Bahadur, near the ruins of an ancient place, Makhowal. On May 13, 1665, Guru Tegh Bahadur went to Bilaspur to attend the mourning for Raja Dip Chand of Bilaspur State. The Dowager Rani Champa of Bilaspur offered to give the Guru a piece of land in her state. The Guru bought the site on payment of five hundred rupees. The land consisted of the villages of Lodhipur, Mianpur and Sahota. Here on the mound of Makhowal, Guru Tegh Bahadur raised a new habitation. The ground was broken on 19 June 1665, by Baba Gurditta Randhawa. The new village was named Chakk Nanaki after the Guru's mother, Nanaki. The place later came to be known as Anandpur Sahib. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Anandpur Sahib had a population of 13,886. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Anandpur Sahib has an average literacy rate of 73%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 56% of the males and 44% of females literate. 13% of the population is under 6 years of age. Festivals and Fairs Anandpur Sahib comes to life every year on the occasion of Hola Mohalla. This tradition dates back to the times of the 10th Guru, Sri Guru Gobind Singh . The Guru decreed that the occasion of the festival of Holi be the occasion for the display of the martial spirit of his people and he gave this festival of Holi the Sikh name of 'Hola Mohalla'. Each year Hola Mohalla marks the congregation of up to 100,000 devotees from all over the country for a festival of colour and gaiety.

Thousands of devotees from various parts of the country throng to Anandpur Sahib to participate in the fair which lasts for three days. The Gurudwaras are specially decorated for the occasion. During Hola Mohalla Anandpur Sahib wears a festive appearance and hums with activities in the month of March every year. Community conferences and religious functions are also organized. On this occasion, Nihangs from all over the country gather for the celebrations of the Hola Mohalla. The highlight of the festival is a huge procession by the Nihangs, clad in their traditional dress and weapons, on the last day of the fair. The procession starts from the headquarters of the Nihangs, opposite Gurudwara Anandgarh Sahib, and passing through the bazar goes to village Agampur and reaches the fort of Holgarh, the place where Guru Gobind Singh used to celebrate this fair. Thereafter, the procession proceeds to the sandy bed of Charan Ganga, where demonstration of martial games including riding, tent pegging, sword wielding etc. are witmessed by a large number of people. [2] Baisakhi in 1999, at Anandpur Sahib marked the completion of 300 years of the birth of the Khalsa. It was on Baisakhi day in 1699 that Sri Guru Gobind Singh baptised the Panj Pyaras at the place where Takht Sri Keshgarh Sahib stands. Landmarks Gurudwara Takht Sri Keshgarh Sahib * Gurudwara Takht Sri Kesgarh Sahib: In 1699, on the occasion of the festival of Baisakhi, Guru Nanak's mission was fulfilled by the 10th Guru when, through baptism of the doubleedged-sword the Sikh was deemed as the Khalsa-Saint Soldier- in direct commune with the Guru and God. Still more astonishing is the fact that the Guru had got himself baptised by the Panj-Pyaras, the five beloved ones, who had offered him their heads to uphold Dharma - the moral duty and religion. Gurudwara Sisganj Sahib * Gurudwara Sisganj Sahib: In November of 1675, the head of the martyred 9th Guru which was brought by Bhai Jaita ( Rechristened Bhai Jivan Singh according to Sikh rites) in defiance of the Mughal authorities was cremated here. * Gurudwara Bhora Sahib: Residence of Sri Guru Teg Bahadur, the 9th guru, which was inherited by Sri Guru Gobind Singh. The sahibzadas - the holy sons of the 10th Guru were born here. There is an underground room cut off from the din of life where the 9th Guru used to meditate. * Gurudwara Thara Sahib: The 9th Guru used to deliver sermons from this Gurudwara. There is a marker to indicate the spot where the Kashmiri Brahmins came to seek protection from the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. They were forcibly being asked to adopt Islam as their Religion. * Gurudwara Akal Bunga Sahib: After cremation of the holy head of his father, followed by a prayer to the Almighty, the 10th Guru had rested here with his relations and followers.

* Gurudwara Damdama Sahib: The 10th Guru was given the Guru Gaddi (seat of Sikh religious leadership), here. It was from here that he had declared the end of the institution of the Masands-the priestly agents of the former Gurus. * Gurudwara Manji Sahib: The Sahibzadas received their education and military training at this spot. Military exercises were also rehearsed here. Five Forts of Guru Gobind Singh Ji 10th Sikh Guru Guru Gobind Singh Ji made five forts on the border of the city to protect it from the external invasions. The fort is called Qila (Punjabi: , Hindi: ) in the

Punjabi and Hindi languages. * Qila Anandgarh Sahib: This was the main fort, after which the city was also named Anandpur Sahib. The Army once resided here. * Qila Holgarh Sahib * Qila Lohgarh Sahib: Here the weapons for the Army were made. * Qila Fatehgarh Sahib * Qila Taragarh Sahib Sacred sites near Anandpur Sahib * Guru-Ka-Lahore: It is situated about 11 km on Sri Anandpur Sahib-Ganguwal route leading to the state of Himachal Pradesh, India. On 25 January, 1686, the 10th Guru's wedding to Mata was celebrated here. Two trickling springs, claimed to be dug out from the stony mountain-side by the 10th Guru, still exist today. * Gurudwara Mata Jito Ji : Not far from Holgarh Fort, this Gurudwara was where Mata Jito Ji was cremated. * Bhai Ghanaiya : Bhai Ghanaiya offered first aid to friendly and enemy forces alike across the area spanning the now-almost dried up rivulet Charan Ganga and below the Taragarh hill. His unbiased service has been compared to the functions of the Red Cross. Other Places * Khalsa Heritage Memorial Complex Sri Dasmesh Academy See also * Sikhism * Nankana Sahib * Amritsar * Khalsa Bhabat Bhabat is a census town in Rupnagar district in the state of Punjab, India. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Bhabat had a population of 5794. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Bhabat has an average literacy rate of 68%, higher than

the national average of 59.5%; with 57% of the males and 43% of females literate. 14% of the population is under 6 years of age. Karoran Karoran is a census town in Rupnagar district in the Indian state of Punjab. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Karoran had a population of 20,351. Males constitute 56% of the population and females 44%. Karoran has an average literacy rate of 65%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 73%, and female literacy is 56%. In Karoran, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age. Mullanpur- Garibdas Mullanpur- Garibdas is a small town in Mohali district in the Indian state of Punjab. History This town was founded by a commander of a king of this area. His name was Garibdass. The complete name of the town is "Mullanpur Garibdass Da". The king (Hathnoria Raja) was crual. It is a belief that Jayanti Devi (Roop of Durga) asked Garibdass to fight against the King so as to save civilians. During the war, everything got damaged. Garibdass won the war and founded Mullanpur as the first village of his empire. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Mullanpur- Garibdas had a population of 6143. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Mullanpur- Garibdas has an average literacy rate of 72%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 76%, and female literacy is 67%. In Mullanpur- Garibdas, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age. Nangal Nangal is a town 60 km from Rupnagar in the state of Punjab in northwest India. It sits at the foot of the Shiwalik Hills and is surrounded by beautiful hills, the Satluj River and canals. It is an important center for tourists.[1] Contents * 1 Description * 2 Attractions * 3 Geography * 4 Demographics * 5 Accommodations Description The town was named Nangal when it acquired the land of the villages of Nangal Nikku, Hambewal and Dubbeta.It gained in importance with the starting of construction of the Bhakra Dam on the Satluj River in November 1955.It is a flourishing township in the foot of the Shivalik hills - The Mountain chain of Himalayas. Every year, the mighty multi-purpose Bhakra Project which includes, apart from Bhakra Dam, the Nangal Dam, Nangal Hydel

Channel, and the Ganguwal and Kotla Power Houses surronded with the natural beauty attracts the vast number of tourists from all parts of India and abroad as well. There are different markets in it i.e. Jawahar Market, Main Market, Adda Market, GTB Market & Pahari Market. More interesting is that the residential areas of the city are well organized in Block system.The blocks e.g G-block have fixed number of apartments known as Quarters. The second form of residential area which is a private residential area is the proprietary owned by the public.The well organized government colonies give a harmonized view to the new comers visiting the city. Nangal is home to Late Captain Amol Kalia . He is the hero of Nangal who laid down his life fighting Pakistani intruders in Kargil in 1999. He was posthmously awarded shaurya chakra. Local school where he did his high school is named after him as Captain Amol Kalia Fertilizer Model School. A garden in Nangal Township is also named after Capt Amol Kalia, in honor of his gallantry. Nangal has number of schools namely BBMB DAV Public School, NFL senior secondary school, Capt Amol Kalia school, Govt Model School, Govt girls school,Shivalik Model Sr. Sec. School and some private schools as well. The town is divided into two parts: Nangal Township and Naya Nangal Township. Nangal Township is blessed with great scenic beauty which is further enhanced by the fact that it is surrounded by water on three sides and foothills of shivaliks on the fourth side. Naya Nangal serves mainly as a fertilizer complex of National Fertilizers Limited (NFL), a public sector undertaking of the Government of India, and from point of view of amenities, natural beauty and cleanliness. It is perhaps the best town in whole India. The Nangal Fertilizer and Heavy Water Factory located here started production in 1961 and was the single largest consumer of electricity from the Bhakra Power House till some years ago. The Heavy Water Plant was shut down later primarily due to national security considerations. Besides this there is a chemical factory named as Punjab Alkalies and Chemicals Limited, Naya Nangal. These two factories has given rise to some more small factories in their vicinity. Due to presence of NFL & PACL Nangal is proud to have biggest Truck and Tanker Unions in India. The free train service by BBMB Nangal Township goes till Bhakhra dam gives a beautiful views when crawls through the forests and hills. Primarily it is meant for the workers to go to dam but it is open for public use free of cost. Typically it has the pilgrims of 'Baba Balak Nath' shrine who chant the hymns and there is a separate ladies compartment. Attractions Overlooking Nangal is the Gurudwara Bhabour Sahib, a Sikh place of worship. This Gurudwara, located 5 km from Nangal, presents a majestic view. Guru Gobind Singh is said to have mediated at this spot. Prachin Temple and 1008 Swami Sevanand Giri Maharaj Ashram and are also here. There is Gurdwara Dhan Dhan Baba Buddha (Budha) Sahib Ji at Village Barari, Jawahar Market, Nangal Town Ship. Here Simran & Nitnem is done daily early in the morning i.e. 2 am to 4 am.

Located 4 km from Nangal Township is a temple of Shiva, known as 'Shiv Ashram' situated on the outskirts of the village Mojowal on the Nangal-Bhallan road. This Ashram was founded by Swami Giangiri who is said to have first lived in a small hut near the bank of the Satluj River. There is a free Ayurvedic dispensary as well as a dental clinic in the Ashram. Fairs are held on Maha Shivratri, Nirjale Ekadashi Vyas Puja every year. There is a Dharamshala known as Shri Balbahadur Mal Kuthiala Dharamshala situated on the bank of the Satluj River which freely allows visitors. Inside the Dharamshala there is a temple of Lakshmi Narain which is run by the Sanatan Dharam Sabha, Nangal Township. A vivid example of secularism is the existence of Lakshmi- Narain Temple and Gurudwara Ghat Sahib with a common wall. The Gurudwara also houses a school on its campus. A few kilometres away from Gurudwara Shri Bhabour Sahib is Gurudwara Shri Nanaksar. On the 7th of each month there is a well attended function in the Gurudwara Sahib. Nangal is a city and a municipal council in Rupnagar district in the Indian state of Punjab. On the bank of Satluj is situated a small but beautiful township Naya Nangal where employees of the National Fertilizer Limited (NFL) live. This township was built in 1950's by a British architect.[citation needed] Geography The states benefiting from it are Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh as well as New Delhi. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[2], Nangal had a population of 40,644. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Nangal has an average literacy rate of 78%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 82%, and female literacy is 74%. In Nangal, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. Accommodations Suitable facilities have been provided in various rest houses for the boarding and lodging of visitors. Punjab Tourism Development Corporation runs a Tourist Bungalow known as Kadamba. Nehon Nehon is a census town in Rupnagar district in the Indian state of Punjab. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Nehon had a population of 10,158. Males constitute 56% of the population and females 44%. Nehon has an average literacy rate of 79%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 83%, and female literacy is 73%. In Nehon, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. Sangrur district Sangrur district is in the state of Punjab in North-West India. Earlier Barnala was part of Sangrur district, but now Barnala is a separate district. Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar district

Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar district (Punjabi:

, Hindi:

; formerly Nawanshahr district) is one of the districts in the state of Punjab in North-West India. It consists of two Sub -Divisions Nawanshahr and Balachaur. There are three legislstive seats in the district, Nawanshahr, Balachaur and Banga. They fall under the Anandpur Sahib Lok Sabha Constituency. Contents * 1 History * 2 Political and religious background * 3 Geography * 4 Area and population * 5 Prominent Villages in Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar District History Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district was carved out of Hoshiarpur and Jalandhar districts of Punjab on November 7, 1995, as the sixteenth district of Punjab State named from the headquarters town of Nawanshahr. Nawanshahr town is said to have been built by an Afghan Military Chief, Nausher Khan. Previously it was called "Nausar" but with the passage of time, the town came to be known "The Nawanshahr". Nawanshahr has been the stronghold of the Ghorewaha Rajputs. The Scheduled Caste population is more than 40%, one of the highest percentage in India. Nawanshahr became the District in 1995 during S.Harcharan Brar Govt., with the strong efforts of Late S.Dilbag Singh, Former Cabinet Minister and the then MLA of Nawanshahr. People of this district are economically sound. Large numbers of families from the district have settled abroad. Consequently huge remittance is being received back in India which contributes to the district's economic development and prosperity. The prosperity of Doaba area can be appreciated by the fact that price of land here is sky-scraping and almost far more than most of the districts in the state except Ludhiana, and Chandigarh. Nawanshahr is rising due to the currency coming from NRI Punjabi people who have settled abroad. Nawanshahr also has a rail track connecting it with Jalandhar, Rahon and Jaijon. Many landmarks have been set up in this district by prominent people like S. Balkar Singh Dyal, S. Sadhu Singh Shergill, Dr. Amarjit Singh, S. Gurcharn S. Shergill. Two organisations have been set up by them like Sadhu Singh DAV Public School at Mukandpur, Amardeep Singh Shergill Memorial College Mukandpur, Dhahan Kaleran Charitable Hospital, the Sai College at Jadla,Guru Nanak College for girls Urapar etc. Sikh National College Banga is very good college in this district and the topper students of this college has Jaspreet Nagra, Jaswant Sandhu, Simranjit, Jatinder, Gurinder and Dalwinder . They also stand as prototype model for other rural areas of Punjab. Shivalik Public School & K.C.Group of institutions also add to the Glory of Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar.

This region has abundant health facilities. Here Private clinics and Nursing homes not only surprise with their numbers but also some of them claim to have latest medical equipments. There are adequate number of Government Hospitals, Dispensaries and Primary Health Centers in this area. The hospitals in Nawanshahr have capacity of 64 beds and are equipped with latest medical tools. Banga and Balachaur hospitals are having capacity of 30 beds each. Also Mukandpur, Urapar, Sujjon, Saroya and Muzzaffarpur are provided all kinds of health services. Even for every village of the district health services are available. Veterinary hospitals are available in Nawanshahr, Rahon, Saroya and Balachaur. On September 27, 2008 at Khatkar Kalan, eight km from Nawanshahr, the Punjab government announced that a district in the state would be named after freedom fighter Bhagat Singh. The announcement was made by Punjab Chief Minister Parkash Singh Badal at the ancestral village of the Shahid Bhagat Singh to mark his 101st birth anniversary and Nawanshahr district was renamed Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar. Political and religious background Gurdwara Charan Kanwal where Sixth Guru, Guru Hargobind Sahib Ji resided for a month is situated in Banga City(village Jindowal) on Nawanshahr-Phagwara Highway. Mazara Nau Abad Village near Banga is one of the Popular villages in Doaba Region as it is the Holy Place where Shri Nabh Kanwal Raja Sahib chanted the name of God. Other Religious Places to visit in District S.B.S. Nagar are Gurdwara Nanaksar (Hakimpur), Gurdwara Sri Hargobind Sahib Ji (Laroya), Roza Sharif Mandhali, Peer Gulami Shah (Banga).Shahid Babbar Karam Singh, one of the Frontline Leaders of Akali Babber Movement was from Daulatpur on Nawanshahr-Chandigarh Highway. Late Master Sudhagar Singh Dhindsa, one of Sikh missionary from Banga, baptized (Amrit Chakhna) more than fifty thousand people and cherished his role as volunteer social reformer throughout his life. He laid down stone of Gurudwara Charan Kanwal Langar Hall in 1999. He was one of founder and member of KALGIDHAR SEWAK JATHA, Doaba, Banga, which is active Sikh missionary organisation, publicly funded and group of volunteer members. KALGIDHAR SEWAK JATHA organize lots of local and nation-wide religious procession, cultural and social reform projects and also respond to any nationwide natural crisis like earthquake, flood,landslide and any other natural disaster. Political Personalities of the District include Late S. Dilbag Singh, Late Ch. Jagat Ram, Late S.Parkash Singh Saini Ex-MLA, Ch. Swarna Ram Cabinet Minister., S.Sukhdev Singh Bhaur General Secretary SGPC., Sh. Harbhajan Lakha Ex-MP., S. Satnam Singh Kainth Ex-MP, S. Charanjit Singh Channi Ex-MP, S.Jatinder Singh Kariha, Ch. Nand Lal, Ch. Mohan Lal (all MLAs).,Sh. Tarlochan Singh Soondh Ex-MLA, Sh.Som Parkash (Former IAS) Vice-President, BJP Punjab, S. Pakhar Singh Nimana (Senior Congress Leader), S. Kuljit Singh Dhindsa(VicePresident and Legal Advisor Karamchari Dal Council, India) & Pandit Buta Ram Qasir (Longest serving municipal councillor of Rahon)

Famous International Punjabi Singer Jazzy Bains (Jazzy B.) also hails from Vill. Durgapur near Nawanshahr but currently he resides in United Kingdom. Prominent Lyricist Jasvir Gunachauria also hails from Vill. Gunachaur near Banga. Apart from him Amrita Virk, Parveen Bharta, Buta Mohammad have also made their mark in Singing. Geography Nawanshahr district is located at 3148N 7642E / 31.8N 76.7E / 31.8; 76.7.[1] Area and population * Total area (km.) 1,258[2] * Total population (2001 Census) 587,468[2] * Male 306,902[2] * Female 280,566[2] * Female per 1000 male: 913[2] * Density of population (per km.) 439[2] * Percentage increase in population (19912001) 10.43[2].. Prominent Villages in Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar District Jabbowal, Bheen, Uchi Palli, Ghataron, Manguwal, Kriha, Bhangal, Urapar, Hakimpur, Rattewal, Behram, Jadla, Naura, Mahil Gehlan, Karnana, Sujjon, Durgapur, Mallupota, Katthgarh, Sahlon, Sahabpur, Katarian, Sandhwan, Mandhali, Karyam, Daulatpur, Laroya, Garcha, Mukandpur, Katthgarh, Jindhowal, Ladhian, Katarian, Jandiala, Heon, Khatkar Khurd, Khatkar Kalan, Poonia, Karnana, Kamam, Thandian, Bhoota, Bains, Naura, Mussapur, Chak Kalal. Balachaur Balachaur is a teshil town and a nagar panchayat in Nawanshahr district in the state of Punjab, India.Birth place of Choudhary Rahmat Ali (founder of word PAKISTAN) and was barrister at law in England. Contents * 1 History * 2 Demographics * 3 Commerce * 4 Transport History In 16th century a Kachwaha Rajput named Raj Dev along with his family came here. He was related with the family of the King of Jaipur. He started meditating here and named this place after the name of his son Balraj as Balachaur. Raj dev died in 1596. People made his tomb here and worshiped him as Baba Balraj. A committee named as "Balraj Mandir Committee" was created in 1949 and its President was Zaildar Balwant Singh. Present President is Rana Purshotam Singh. In 1539 Sher-Shah-Suri before attacking Himayun took the blessing of Raj Dev. Demographics

As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Balachaur had a population of 18,106. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Balachaur has an average literacy rate of 68%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 56% of the males and 44% of females literate. 12% of the population is under 6 years of age. Balachaur being the tehsil, is very important place for the many villages it covers. It has the Punjab Government offices which serve the villagers for their needs. Due to absence of any collage in Balacahur people are suffered for higher education. Commerce There is no big industry or industrial zone in Balachaur. Main source of income for villagers is Agriculture, wheat and Maize being the two main crops. most people who are not staying in villages are working in government or private sectors, their office being located in Nawanshahr, Ropar ,ludhaina and Chandigarh. There is a big market which serves the people of nearby villages and also there is a big grain market(anaaj mandi) where the field produce is sold at market rates.Balachaur is a beautiful place surrounded by foothills of shivaliks on one side , river SATLUJ on other. There is also one (only one) cinema hall in Balachaur which is located near the grain market, its called KC cinema where latest Hindi and Punjabi movies are screened. Recent years has seen some marvellous growth in terms of no. of shops, opening up of many English speaking schools, Internet cafes, Wine shops etc. but on a broader term nothing substantial has changed for Balachaur and its people. There is still no Bus Depot, no big name industry being set-up and most importantly lack of a good higher education institute in the area. There are however many private educational institute opened up mostly Modern Schools and Engineering colleges.round about 25-30 km away from balachaur (Engineering colleges) Transport Balachaur is well connected by road transport to all the major cities in Punjab. It is on the main highway to Jallandhar and other highway which goes to Pathankot/Jammu. Nearest Railway station is Garhshankar and nearest Airport is Chandigarh. From Balachaur there are buses (both private and public) are available for passengers to go to major cities of Punjab as well as of Himachal, Haryana and Delhi. Also for going to nearby villages there are various modes of transport available. Balachaur as a tehsil situated right between the equal distance of nawanshahr(20km)-roper(25km)-garshankar(25km)-nurpur bedi(24km) and same in between ludhaina (70km)-chandigarh(68km)-hushyarpur(70km)-anadpur sahib(68km) Banga Banga is a City and a Municipal council in the Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar district of Punjab, India. It is located on the Punjab Plain. In 1961, its population was 10,212 which grew to 11,885 in 1971. It is currently estimated to have a population of about 20,000 and is

classified as a Class 2 Municipality. The City consists of the former villages of Banga and Jindowal. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 Demographics * 3 Banking Facilities * 4 Religious Places * 5 Notable people Geography The City is situated at approximately 325 km from New Delhi, 150 km from Amritsar and 1400 km from Mumbai. It is in the North-West part of India; a few hundred kilometres south of Kashmir and to the west of the Himalayan foothills of Punjab and Himachal Pradesh. On a clear day, the snow clad peaks of the Dhauladhar range is visible in the distant horizon. The Banga Railway station is located on the Jalandhar City/Jaijon Doaba Line of the Northern Railway at 13 km from Nawanshahr and 44 km from Jalandhar. It is also linked by road with Nawanshahr on one side and with Phagwara on the GT Road on the other side. It is located on the main Amritsar-Phagwara-Banga-Nawanshahr-MohaliChandigarh and Amritsar-Phagwara-Banga-Garhshankar-Anandpur Sahib route on NH-1. The Main Road of Banga Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[1], Banga had a population of 18,892 of which 52% were men. Banga has an average literacy rate of 75%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 79% of the males and 73% of females literate. 10% of the population is under the age of six. Banga is a Sub-Tehsil with a post of Deputy Superintendent of Police (DSP) & a Naib Tehsildar. Banking Facilities Banga is a hub of NRIs, so as Banks. Every Nationalised Government Sector Bank as well as Private Sector Bank is situated here namely SBI, PNB, Bank of Baroda, Axis Bank, ICICI Bank, UCO Bank, Oriental Bank of Commerce, HDFC Bank, Allahabad Bank, Syndicate Bank, SBoP, Bank of India, Corporation Bank, IDBI Bank etc. Religious Places Gurdwara Charan Kanwal Sahib, Peer Baba Gulami Shah, Shiv Mandir on Mukandpur Road,mata chintapurani mandir adarash nagar,mata naina devi mandir mukandpur road,sheetla mandir are the frequently visited Religious Places of the City. Notable people * The Ancestral village of Shaheed-e-Azam Shaheed Bhagat Singh is also situated near Banga. Nawanshahr

Nawanshahr (Punjabi:

, Hindi:

) is a city and it became district in 1995. now

it is a municipal council in Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar district in the Indian state of Punjab. It is the headquarters of Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar District. It is said to have been built during the reign of Alauddin Khilji (1295-1316) by his Afghan Military Chief Nausher Khan. Previously it was called "Nausar" but with the passage of time, the town came to be known as "Nawanshahr". Nausher Khan had constructed five forts known as Havelis, whose remains still exist. On September 27, 2008 in Khatkar Kalan 7 kilometres from Nawanshar, for honoring freedom fighter Bhagat Singh, the Punjab government announced that a district in the state will be named after him. The announcement was made by Punjab Chief Minister Prakash Singh Badal at a function ancestral village of the martyr to mark his 101st birth anniversary. Nawanshahr district would be renamed as Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar. it is very fast expanding city. it has one govt. hospital , but lots of private hospital with new technology, and very good doctors from all professions. Nawanshahar has co-ad college " R.K.Arya" and one only girl college as well. Contents * 1 History * 2 Demographics * 3 Notable residents History The Ghorewaha Rajputs were propertiers or part propertiers of Most of Nawanshahr including Rahon, Bhaddi, Jadla et al.Langroya is very famous village just five kilometers away from nawan shahr. There is a famous religious place in memory of Sant baba KARAM SINGH Ji,CHITTI KUTIA. Their Rule started in 1070 with Raja Hawaha Singh and held huge territories in Nawanshahr, Jallandhar, Ludhiana and Hoshirapur and continued as Raja of Machiwara till a long time.[1] Demographics Nawashahr Bus Stand As of 2001 India census[2], Nawanshahr had a population of 30,933. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Nawanshahr has an average literacy rate of 75%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 79%, and female literacy is 71%. In Nawanshahr, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. Sikhs constitute about 78% of the population in Nawashahr. The Scheduled Caste population is more than 40%, one of the highest percentage in India. Notable residents * Jazzy B (Punjabbi singer) * B.R. Chopra (Film Director and Producer) * Yash Chopra (Film Director and Producer)

* Amrish Puri (Indian actor) * Madan Puri (Indian actor) * Sukhshinder Shinda (Punjabi singer, music director and producer) * Shaheed Bhagat Singh (Freedom fighter) Rahon Rahon is a city and a municipal council in the Nawanshahr district of the Indian state of Punjab. Contents * 1 Geography * 2 History * 3 Places of interest * 4 Demographics * 5 Industry Geography Rahon is located at 3103N 7607E / 31.05N 76.12E / 31.05; 76.12.[1] It has an average elevation of 250 metres (820 feet).Situated on the Jullundur City Jaijon Doaba line of the Northern Railway, Rahon is 7 KM from Nawashahr, the tahsil/subdivision headquarters, and 65 KM from Jalandhar, the district headquarters. It is also connected by road with Nawashahr (8 KM), Jadla (12 KM), Ludhiana (51 KM), and Phillaur (37 KM), Machhiwara (18 km). Its population was 12,046 in 2001. It is a Class-III municipality. History It is said to have been founded about 2000 years ago by Raja Raghab, who called it Raghupur, by which name it continued to be called in correspondence by the Pandits of the place till early in the present century. After that it came into the possession of Gujars, who were driven out by the Mahton Rajputs, who in their turn succumbed to the Ghorewaha Rajputs, whose conquest of the country is put down as having occurred in the time of Muhammad Ghori (d. 1206 AD). Their Ruler Raja Rajpal, renamed the town Rahon, after a certain lady called Raho. In support of this derivation may be quoted the opinion entertained by some that, it is unlucky to speak of this town by its proper name, in the morning, when fasting. Till breakfast it is called Zanana shahr, or Women town. In the time of Ibrahim Lodhi (15171526 AD), the town is reported to have a population of 145000 and was a flourishing trading center on the route to Tibet and Central Asian Countries. The art of shoe making attained a high degree of skill and a pair prepared by one Mian Khaki Shah of Rahon is said to be still lying in the museum at Lahore (Pakistan). Towards the beginning of the Mughal period, the town was occupied by the Ghorewaha Raja of Machhiwara, Rana Udho. He actively assisted Akbar (1556-1605 AD). During his fight for the Delhi throne and defeated and captured the rebellious Bairam Khan. As a reward, the Raja allowed to retain the jagir of Rahon. In Akbars time, Rahon was the capital of the Dardhak Mahal and gave its name

to one of the two tarafs into which the Mahal was divided. In Aurangzebs reign (1658 -1707 AD) a brick fort was built here. The Rajputs of Rahon were Chaudhris and men of much influence during the Muhammadan rule.After the Raja of Rahon converted to Islam, he was beheaded and territories seized by the Rana of Jadla who belonged to the same clan. In 1710 AD, Rahon fort was conquered by Banda Bahadur, while on his way to Jalandhar, from Shams Khan, the local Mughal governor. Later, it fell back into the hands of Mughals. In 1759 AD, Rahon was seized by Dhallewali Confederacy Sikhs led by Tara Singh Gheba, and remained in their possession till Tara Singh's death, when it was added to Maharaja Ranjit Singhs dominions but domination of Pandits continued in local administration. Pandit Sardars ran the administration for centuries. After the collapse of the Sikh Empire, the descendants of the Rana of Rahon came to prominence again and the Rana of Rahon, Chaudhry Abdul Rehman Khan of Rahon was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Punjab from the Unionist Party before Indian Independence. Until independence in 1947 the Rana of Rahon and the Rajrana of Jadla controlled most of the estates, while the Muslim Rana of Rahon fled to Pakistan first moving to Sahiwal and later settled in Rehamnabad Khanqa Dogran. After Partition; Pandit Buta Ram Qasir Jagirdar continued to serve as Municipal Councilor and local leader of Rahon for next two and half decades after independence. It is evidently a very old town and, from its commanding situation on an eminence overlooking the low valley of the Satluj, must have been a place of importance. Rahons importance was primarily due to its location on the ancient trade route to Tibet and Central Asia and it began to fall in importance as soon as a new route through Kabul was opened during the Mughal times. Its proximity to big marsh made it a victim of periodic out breaks of malaria in an epidemic form. Consequently, its population has greatly declined. It was said to be 69000 when the British took over the place after the First Anglo Sikh War in 1846 and it was 6607 in 1971. After the division of the country in 1947 the Muslim population of Rahon had to go to Pakistan and the Hindu and Sikh population that came from Pakistan started living here.The Muslim population of Rahon got settlemen primarily in a village called Rahwali near Gujranwala city and Sanatsinghwala in Faislabad. It was also the hometown of Yash Chopra, Owner of yash raj films in his early years. Chaudhary Wali Muhammad (Gujjar), a well-known Muslim lawyer, was born in Rahon in 1911. He was a close friend of Choudhary Rahmat Ali; an active Muslim nationalist. Places of interest There are several places of historical interest in Rahon. There is the Panch Tirthian tank which was got excavated by Rana Udho as a place of pilgrimate for his five sons who could not proceed on pilgrimage due to the illness of his father. The samadh of Rana Udho also exists at Rahon. There is another tank, called Ramsar, adjoining the samadhs of Tara Singh Gheba and his brave widow which was constructed by their son Jhanda Singh. There is also

an old serai, said to have been built in the reign of Shah Jahan (1627-1658 AD). Another holy place in the town is Suraj Kund which is said to have been built by one Bawa Aughar during the period of Pathan rule. There is also a tomb, built during the rule of the Tughluq dynasty, which is said to contain the ashes of a saint.there is very famous piligrimate of baba ram ratan ji.it is 'chaten samadh'. Demographics In the 2001 Indian census,[2] Rahon had a population of 12,046. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Rahon has an average literacy rate of 81%, higher than the national average of 65.38%: male literacy is 88%, and female literacy is 75%. In Rahon, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. Industry Rahon is a booming industrial town with a large amount of textile, rice mills and other industries in the city, and its juridiction area (approx 32 Km) including all nearby towns and villages. The most famous industry in Rahon is Rhythm Textiles, part of the Saluja group which produces thread for many clothing brands like Octave, Spykar and Koutons. A large amount of rice is processed in numerous rice mills in and around Rahon. Tarn Taran district Tarn Taran district is one of the districts in the state of Punjab in North-West India. Some of its main cities are Tarn Taran Sahib which is located near Amritsar and Patti, City of Taran Taran is a holy place for Sikhs of India and abroad. Tarn Taran district was formed in 2006. The declaration to this effect was made by Captain Amarinder Singh, Ex-Chief Minister of Punjab, during the celebrations marking the martyrdom day of Sri Guru Arjan Dev Ji. With this, it became the 19th district of Punjab. It has three tehsils, which are Patti, Khadur Sahib and Tarn Taran. The District Headquarters is headed by the Deputy Commissioner, along with a Senior Superintendent of Police, the Additional District and Sessions Judge, the Chief Judicial Magistrate, Civil Surgeon, district Education Officer, Improvement Trust and a Municipal Council. Some villages and towns of Tarn Taran* Patti * Khadur Sahib * Kairon * Chabal Kalan * Naushehra Pannuan * Sarhali * Bhikhiwind * Khalra * Jandoke * Khem Karan * Gharyala

* Rattoke * Varpal * Gohtwar Varpal