System Software

BY : Madhurika Goyal Meenakshi Saharan

Layers of Computer System

Computer

Software

Application Software

System Software

General Purpose

Application Specific

System Management Software

System Development Software

Software
Computer software, or just software, is a collection of computer programs and related data that provides the instructions for telling a computer what to do and how to do it.

System software
System software provides the basic functions for computer usage and helps run the computer hardware and system.

Application software
Application software is designed to help the user to perform specific tasks

System Software

System Development Software

System Management Software

Programming Language Translators Programming Editors & Tools Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE) Packages

Operating System Network Management Programs Database Management Programs Application Servers Performance & Security Moniters System Utilities

System software
System management programs Systems development programs

System management Software

Programs that manage hardware, software, network, and
data resources of computer system during the execution of various information processing jobs of users.
o Operating Systems o Database Management Systems o Systems Utilities o Network Management Software o Performance Monitors o Security Monitors o Application Servers

Operating System
An operating system (OS) is a set of programs that manage computer hardware resources and provide common services for application software .
Integrated system of programs that Manages the operations of the CPU Controls the input/output and storage resources and activities of the computer system Provides support services as computer executes applications programs

Abstract View of System

User 1

User 2

User 3

...

User n

compiler

assembler

Text editor

Database system

System and Application Programs

Operating System
Computer Hardware

Operating System
User
The OS acts like a bridge between the applications software and the computer hardware.

Applications Software Operating System

Computer Hardware

Users need applications software to carry out tasks, the software needs the operating system in order to communicate with the hardware.

Operating System Basic Functions

Operating System.

User Interface
Facilitates communication between the user and the operating system

Three forms
Menu driven interface
Menus Examples: ATM, mobile phones

Operating System.

Command line
Text-based Key commands Examples: MS-DOS, Unix

Operating System.

Graphical user interface (GUI)

Visual images Menus Examples: Windows, Mac OS, Linux It is also known as a WIMP interface because it makes use of: Windows , Icons, Menus, Pointers

Operating System.

Resource management
Part of operating system that manages the hardware and networking resources of a computer system
Includes CPU, memory, secondary storage device, telecommunications, and input/output peripherals For example : memory management programs keep track of where data & programs are stored.

Operating System.

File management
Part of the operating system that controls the creation, deletion, and access of files of data and programs Transfers files between main memory and secondary storage, allocates secondary storage space etc.

Operating System.

Task Management
Part of the operating system that manages the accomplishment of computing tasks of the end users Approaches to Task Management
o Multitasking ( also called multiprogramming or time sharing. Basic types
Preemptive Cooperative

Operating System.

Popular Operating Systems

Windows
GUI, multitasking, networking, multimedia Microsofts operating system Different versions manage servers

Unix
Multitasking, multiuser, network-managing Portable can run on mainframes, midrange and PCs

Linux
Low-cost, powerful reliable Unix-like operating system Open-source

MAC OS X
Apple operating system for the iMac GUI, multitasking, multimedia

Database Management System Definition

A database management system (DBMS) is a software package with computer programs that control the creation, maintenance, and use of a database. It allows organizations to conveniently develop databases for various applications. A database is an integrated collection of data records, files, and other objects. A DBMS allows different user application programs to concurrently access the same database. Ex MS Access, dbase, Oracle

Why do we need a database?

Keep records of our: Clients Staff Volunteers To keep a record of activities and interventions; Keep sales records; Develop reports; Perform research

Database Applications :
Banking: all transactions Airlines: reservations, schedules Universities: registration, grades Sales: customers, products, purchases Manufacturing: production, inventory, orders, supply chain Human resources: employee records, salaries, tax deductions

Utility software
Utility software is system software designed to help analyze, configure, optimize or maintain a computer. A single piece of utility software is usually called a utility or tool. A Utility program is designed to do one or perhaps two tasks very well and nothing else.
For example, you may want to compress a file to let you save it on to a floppy disk. For this task you would choose to use a file compression utility program.

 Quite often, a Utility program is built right in to the operating system.

For example Windows XP has a built in 'Zip' compression utility you can use to compress a file or folder.

Other Utility software categories

Anti-virus utilities scan for computer viruses. Backup utilities can make a copy of all information stored on a disk, and restore either the entire disk (e.g. in an event of disk failure) or selected files (e.g. in an event of accidental deletion). Disk defragmenters can detect computer files whose contents are broken across several locations on the hard disk, and move the fragments to one location to increase efficiency. Etc.

Other system software

Network Management Software
It allows an administrator to manage a network and the devices attached to the network. Network Management Software may perform functions such as monitoring and reporting on data transmission.
Ex - Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) protocol can be used to gather the information from devices in the network hierarchy.

Performance monitors
Programs that monitor and adjust computer system to keep them running efficiently

Other system software

Security monitors
Programs that monitor and control use of computer systems to prevent unauthorized use of resources

Application servers
Provide an interface between an operating system and the application programs of users

Middleware
o Software that helps diverse software applications and
networked computer systems exchange data and work together more efficiently.

System Development Software

Software Systems Development is about the design and development of computer systems and the application of technology for all sectors of industry, particularly the business sector. Text Editors Debuggers Assembler Compiler Interpreter CASE tools Programming Languages

Text Editors
An Interactive text editor has become an important part of almost any computing environment
Text editor acts as a primary interface to the computer for all type of knowledge workers as they compose, organize, study, and manipulate computer-based information

Text editors in Windows environment

Edit - MS-DOS editor, menu oriented, options are selected with specified Alphabets Notepad - A basic text editor that you can use to create simple documents. Menu oriented, use of control keys WordPad - We can create and edit simple text documents or documents with complex formatting and graphics, uses menu as well as icons Microsoft Word - A sophisticated word processor, menu as well as use of icons

Editing component

Editing buffer

Editing filter Main memory

Traveling component input

Command language processor

Viewing component

Viewing buffer

Viewing filter

Output devices

Display component

File system

Typical editor structure

Debuggers
A debugger or debugging tool is a computer program that is used to test and debug other programs (the "target" program). The code to be examined might alternatively be running on an instruction set simulator (ISS), a technique that allows great power in its ability to halt when specific conditions are encountered but which will typically be somewhat slower than executing the code directly on the appropriate (or the same) processor. Some debuggers offer two modes of operation - full or partial simulation, to limit this impact.

Assembler
Assembler is a computer program to translate between lower-level representations of computer programs; it converts basic computer instructions into a pattern of bits which can be easily understood by a computer and the processor can use it to perform its basic operations.

COMPILER
A compiler is a program that translates human readable source code into computer executable machine code. To do this successfully the human readable code must comply with the syntax rules of whichever programming language it is written in. The compiler is only a program and cannot fix your programs for you. If you make a mistake, you have to correct the syntax or it won't compile.

INTERPRETER
An interpreter normally means a computer program that executes, i.e. performs, instructions written in a programming language. An interpreter may be a program that either executes the source code directly, translates source code into some efficient intermediate representation (code) and immediately executes this explicitly executes stored precompiled interpreter system. code made by a compiler which is part of the

CASE Tools
Computer-Aided Software Engineering Prerequisites to tool use Need a collection of useful tools that help in every step of building a product Need an organized layout that enables tools to be found quickly and used efficiently Need a skilled craftsperson who understands how to use the tools effectively

CASE Tools
Upper CASE requirements specification planning design Lower CASE implementation integration maintenance

Software Programming Language

Programming Languages
To build programs, people use languages that are similar to human language. The results are translated into machine code, which computers understand. Programming languages fall into three broad categories: Machine languages Assembly languages Higher-level languages

Machine Languages
Machine languages (first-generation languages) are the most basic type of computer languages, consisting of strings of numbers the computer's hardware can use.

Different types of hardware use different machine code. For example, IBM computers use different machine language than Apple computers.

Assembly Languages
Assembly languages (second-generation languages) are only somewhat easier to work with than machine languages. To create programs in assembly language, developers use cryptic English-like phrases to represent strings of numbers. The code is then translated into object code, using a translator called an assembler.

Higher-Level Languages
Higher-level languages are more powerful than assembly language and allow the programmer to work in a more English-like environment.
Higher-level programming languages are divided into three "generations," each more powerful than the last:

Third-generation languages Fourth-generation languages Fifth-generation languages