CHAPTER 1: NUMBER BASES

1.1 Important concepts

Number Bases

Number in base
two

Number in base
eight

Only use digits 0

and 1.

Only use digits 0,

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and
7,
Place value :
838 28180

Place value :
23222120

1.2

Number in base
five
Only use digits 0,
1, 2, 3 and 4
Place value :
53525150

Number in base two

1.2.1

State the value of a digit of a number in base two.

Example :

1.2.2

11012
The value of a digit 1 is 1 23 = 8

Conversion of numbers in base two to the number in base ten.

Example : 1102 = (1 22) + (1 21) + (0 20)
=4 + 2 + 0
= 610
8

1 0

Example : 10012 =
= 8+1
= 910
1.2.3

Conversion of numbers in base ten to the number in base two.

Example : 2510
2
2
2
2
2

25 remainder
12
1
6
0
3
0
1
1
0
1

2510 = 110012
Example : 1210
8

1 1

1210 = 11002
Number Base

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1.3

Number in base eight

1.3.1

State the value of a digit of a number in base eight.

Example :

142

The value of a digit 4 is 4 8 0 = 4

1.3.2

Conversion of numbers in base eight to the number in base ten.

Example : 268 = ( 2 81) + (6 80)
= 16 + 6
= 2210
51

Example : 458 =
= 32 + 5
= 37
1.3.3

Conversion of numbers in base ten to the number in base eight.

Example : 1910
8
8

19 remainder
2
3
0
2

1910 = 238
Example : 1710
8

512

64

1710 = 218

1.4

Number in base five

1.4.1

State the value of a digit of a number in base five.

Example : 225
The value of a digit 2 is 2 5 1 = 10

1.4.2

Conversion of numbers in base five to the number in base ten.

Example : 1425 = ( 1 52) + ( 4 51) + ( 2 50)
= 25 + 20 + 2
= 4710

Number Base

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125

25

Example : 1245 =
= 25 + 10 + 4
= 3910
1.4.3

Conversion of numbers in base ten to the number in base five.

Example : 2810
5
5
5

28 remainder
5
3
1
0
0
1

2810 = 1035
Example : 1210
5

12

1210 = 225

1.5

Conversion of number in certain base to a number in another base.

1.5.1

Conversion of number in base two to the number in base eight.

Example : 111012
4

4 2 1

1 1
3
1.5.2

10 1
5

111012 = 358
Conversion of number in base eight to the number in base two.
Example : 278
2
7
4

0 1 0
1.5.3

4 2

1 1 1

278 = 101112
Conversion of number in base five to the number in base two.
Example : 145
2
2
2
2
2

9 remainder
4
1
2
0
1
0
0
1

145 = 5 + 4
= 910
910 = 145 = 10012

Number Base

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1.5.4

Conversion of number in base five to the number in base eight.

Example : 145
8
8
145= 5 + 4
= 910

1.5.5

9 remainder
1
1
0
1
14 5 = 910 = 118

Conversion of number in base two to the number in base five.

Example : 1112
5
5
1112 = 4 + 2 + 1

7 remainder
1
2
0
1
7 10 = 125

= 710

1.5.6

Conversion of number in base eight to the number in base five.

Example : 168
5
5
168 = 8 + 6
= 1410

1.5.7

14 10 = 245

Perform computations involving addition of two numbers in base two.

Example :
+

1.5.8

14 remainder
2
4
0
2

1 0 0 12
1 0 12
1 1 1 02

Perform computations involving subtraction of two numbers in base two.

Example :

1 0 0 12
- 1 0 12
1 0 02

Objective Questions
1

State the value of underlined digit in the in the

number 10101012 .
A 4
B 8
C 16
D 32
State the value of underlined digit in the number
13240 5.
A 75
B 375
C 1875
D 3

Number Base

Express 1101112 as a number in base ten.

A 1310
B 3110
C 5510
D 11010

Express 1548 as a number in base ten.

A 8010
B 10810
C 86410
D 192510

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Express 4235 as a number in base ten.

A 84610
B 42310
C 11310
D 76510

16 Express 27 + 22 + 1 as a number in base eight.

A 198
B 1338
C 2058
D 7208

Express 126 10 as a number in base two.

A 1111102
B 11101102
C 11111102
D 11111112

17 Express 10 110 1012 as a number in base eight.

A 2358
B 2648
C 2658
D 5518

Express 342810 as a number in base eight.

A 5448
B 4288
C 27428
D 65448
Express 93210 as number in base five.
A 1435
B 2125
C 22125
D 122125

18 Express 53 + 4 as a number in base five.

A 1045
B 3045
C 10045
D 30045

19 If y5 = 110 1112 , then y =

A 205
B 515
C 1605
D 2105

Express 110102 as a number in base eight.

A 268
B 328
C 1228
D 11018

20 If 20008 = x 10 which is x is integer, find the value

of x.
A 1600
B 2500
C 1024
D 8192

10 Express 10 110 1012 as a number in base eight.

A 2358
B 2648
C 2658
D 5518

21 If x5 = 758 , then x =
A 61
C 221

11 Express 4028 as a number in base two.

A 1100102
B 1100100102
C 10000102
D 1000000102

22 Given that

12 Express 101102 as a number in base five.

A 225
B 425
C 445
D 40445

x10 = 112 + 115 + 118 , find the value of x.

A 15
C 17

13 Express 4135 as a number in base two.

A 10010112
B 1000010112
C 1011002
D 11011002

B 211
D 111 101

B 16
D 18

23 If x 2 = 2 5 + 2 3 + 2 0 , then x =
A 101 0002
B 101 0012
C 110 0012
D 110 0112

14 Express 5468 as a number in base five.

A 3345
B 4135
C 24135
D 3415

24 100102 + 1112 =
A 111012
B 110012
C 101012
D 100012
25 Given that x2 = 1012 + 1015 , find the value of x.
A 11112
B 10 1112
C 11 1112
D 101 1112

15 Express 7( 82 ) + 5 as a number in base two.

A 111000112
B 110001012
C 11101012
D 1110001012

PAST YEAR QUESTIONS

PAPER 1
SPM 2003
1. Express 11010101 2 as a number in base eight.
A. 651 8
B. 625 8
C. 325 8
2. 11101 2 + 1110 2 =
A. 100011 2
C. 101111 2
Number Base

D. 221 8

SPM 2004
3. Express 5 3 + 3 as a number in a base five.
A. 103 5
B. 303 5

B. 111001 2
D. 101011 2

4. 11011 2 +111 2 =
A. 100010 2

C. 1003 5

D. 3003 5

B. 101100 2
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C. 110011 2

D. 111101 2

16. 110010 2 1101 2 =

A. 101101 2
C. 100101 2

SPM 2004 (July)

5. What is the value of the digit 3, in base ten, in the
number 3728?
A. 48
B. 64
C. 192
D. 512

17. Given 3 x 5 3 + 4 x 5 2 + 5y = 3420 5 , find the value

of y.
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

6. Convert 22 + 2(23 + 1) to a number in base eight

A. 158
B. 268
C. 228
D. 628
7. 110112 1012 =
A. 10102
B. 11102
C. 101102
D. 100102
SPM 2005
8. 110001 2 1011 2 =
A. 100100 2
C. 111010 2

SPM 2007(July)
18. It is given that k10 = 1100012, where k is an integer.
Find the value of k.
A. 48
B. 49
C. 97
D. 98

B. 100110 2
D. 111100 2

9. What is the value of the digit 2, in the base ten, in the

number 3241 5 ?
A. 25
B. 50
C. 200
D. 250
SPM 2005 (July)
10. 100102 - 11012
A. 1012
C. 10112

SPM 2008
20. 10101 2 - 11 2 =
A. 10000 2
C. 10100 2

B. 10010 2
D. 10110 2

D. 4031 5

SPM 2008 (July)

22. Convert 324 8 to a number in base two.
A. 100001011 2
B. 100010011 2
C. 11001100 2
D. 11010100 2
23. 101002 11112 =
A. 1012
B. 1112
C. 10012
D. 10112
SPM 2009
24. State the value of the digit 5 in the number 1536 8 ,
in the base ten.
A 40
B. 64
C. 320
D. 500

B. 1101 2
D. 10100 2

25. 11100 2 - 1010 2 =

A.10000 2
C.10100 2

SPM 2006(July)
14. It is given that k10 = 1100012, where k is an integer.
Find the value of k.
A. 48
B. 49
C. 97
D. 98

B.10010 2
D.10110 2

SPM 2009 (July)

26. State the value, in base 10, of the underlined digit in

B. 11002
D. 100112

the number 101102.

SPM 2007
Number Base

B. 11002
D. 100112

C. 2101 5

B. 1112
D. 11112

SPM 2006
12. What is the value of the digit 2, in the base ten in the
number 1203 5 ?
A. 10
B. 50
C. 200
D. 250

15. 1012 + 10012 =

A. 11102
C. 100002

19. 1012 + 10012 =

A. 11102
C. 100002

21. Express 204 8 as a number in the base five.

A. 1012 5
B. 1304 5

11. Express 11101002 as a number in base eight

A. 1218
B. 1648
C. 4618
D. 7208

13. 11001 2 - 101 2 =

A. 1001 2
C. 10000 2

B. 11000 2
D. 10101 2

A 2

B 4

C 6

D 8
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A 25
C 125

27 11012 + 1112 =
A 111002

B 111102

C 1000002

D 1001012

SPM 2010
28 Express
A 30105
C 10305

31 101102 + 1112 =
A 101012
C 110112

B 110012
D 111012

SPM 2011 (July)

32 Convert 200 to a number in base five.
A 135
B 1305
C 13005
D 130005

as a number in base five.

B 30015
D 10035

29 110012 1102 =
A 100012
C 101012

B 75
D 375

33 1001102 + 11102 =
A 1010002
C 1100002

B 100112
D 101112

B 1011002
D 1101002

SPM 2011
30 Which is the value of the digit 3, in base ten, of the
number 13025?

ANSWERS
Chapter 1: Number Bases
Objective questions
1. C
2.
6. C
7.
11. D
12.
16. C
17.
21. C
22.

SPM QUESTIONS
1. C
2. D
7. C
8. B
13. A
14. B
19. A
20. B

Number Base

B
D
B
C
D

3.
8.
13.
18.
23.

3. C
9. B
15. A
21. A

C
D
D
A
B

4.
9.
14.
19.
24.

4. A
10. A
16. D
22. B

B
B
C
D
B

5. C
11. B
17. C
23. A

5.
10.
15.
20.
25.

C
C
D
C
A

6. B
12. B
18. D

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