Medida de Descargas Parciais Omicron

Diagnostic Measurements on Power Transformers
Introduction
Partial Discharges (PD) "localized electrical discharges that only partially bridge the insulation between conductors" [IEC 60270:2000] can harm insulation systems generate electromagnetic signals PD Measurement General specifications: IEC 60270:2000
o
measurable
Transformers: IEC 60076 (and others)
INTRODUCTION INTO PARTIAL DISCHARGE (PD) PHENOMENA AND PD MEASUREMENT
detection of critical defects recognition of defects assessment of risk
Dr. Michael Krger
May 10
PAGE 2
PD Inception and Extinction Voltage
PD Classification
Internal PD has hystersis External corona has normally no hysteresis
a) corona discharge c) discharge in laminated material

IEC 60034-27
b) surface discharges d) cavity discharge
e) treeing
PAGE 3 May 10 PAGE 4
May 10
Electrical Treeing in PE
Electrical Treeing in PE
May 10
PAGE 5
May 10
PAGE 6
Michael Krger e Marcelo Paulino - So Paulo maio/2010
Detection of PD
Equivalent Circuit Diagram

A
Ut(t)
2CS
Chemical (DGA) Optical (e.g. UV camera for corona) Electrical (narrow band or wide band) according to IEC 60270 Acoustical UHF
CP/2
CF 2CS
r
CP/2
Uz UL -UL -Uz
U1(t)
U'1(t)
Is(t) I2(t) CS R1
I1(t)
I3(t) Ut CP
U1 CF
I1(t) S
q = U 1 .C F
May 10
q = i1 (t ).dt
PAGE 8
May 10
PAGE 7
Apparent Charge
Apparent charge q , of a pulse is that charge which, if injected between the terminals of the test object, would give the same reading on the measuring instrument as the PD current pulse itself. Expressed usually in pC. The apparent charge is not equal to the amount of charge locally involved at the site of the discharge, which can not measured directly.
May 10 PAGE 9
When to measure?
Factory test:
Standard measurement during the AC withstand test for every new (or repaired) transformer. Usually low ground noise level.
On-site test:
After indication of DGA results. Usually high ground noise level and other disturbances.
May 10
PAGE 10
The classical visualization
PRPD Phase Resolved Histogram
May 10
PAGE 11
May 10
PAGE 12
Calibration of the PD Instrument

Z
Conventional Coupling of the Measuring Device
Q= C = *k U smax .q
Calibrator
C0
I(t) A Ct
CK
Smax
U~
U0
Transformer under test

M
Coupling capacitor IPD
Amp.
Filter
Um Zm Measuring Impedanc e
Cc
Testing transformer Fault (discharge) PD
May 10
PAGE 13
May 10
PAGE 14
Typical PD Measurement in a Test Lab

Coupling capacitor Testing transformer Test object Faraday cage PD instrument
Noise Filtering
- High bandwidth desirable for sensitive measurement and high pulse repetition rates - Low bandwidth improves interference rejection - Always use the highest possible bandwidth - Only a variable filter is suitable for on-site measurements
May 10
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May 10
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Analogue and Digital PD measuring instruments
Traditional PD Measurement
Analogue PD measuring instrument
PD systems
May 10
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May 10
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14/
"Digital" PD Measurement with Analogue Filter
"Digital" PD Measurement with MultiChannels and MUX
May 10
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May 10
PAGE 20
MPD 600 True Digital Measurement with Digital Filtering
Synchronous Multi-Channel PD Measurement System MPD600
May 10
PAGE 22
May 10
Page: 24
14/
Synchronous multi-channel measurement
Separation of PD and Corona Sources at Different Locations with 3PARD
3PARD = Three Phase Amplitude Relation Diagram
May 10
PAGE 26
May 10
PAGE 27
Inner PD source in L1 in 3PARD

3PARD
Outer noise in 3PARD

3PARD
L2
Inner PD Source in L1
Inner PD Source L1>L2>L3 L1
L2
Outer Noise
Outer Noise L1 L2 L3 L1
L2
L2
L3
L3
L3
L1
timeframe 1 s
L3
L1
timeframe 1 s
May 10
PAGE 28
May 10
PAGE 29
3PARD
Back Transformation
May 10
PAGE 30
May 10
PAGE 31
3CFRD 3 Center Frequency Relation Diagram

PD source 1 PD source 2 PD source 3
Measurement at Three Different Frequencies with 3CFRD
Frequency 2 MPD600
Needle
FFT of all three impulses

Frequency 1 Frequency 2 Frequency 3
Surface discharge
PD source 1 PD source 2
FFT pulse 2 FFT pulse 1
Faulty joint
FFT pulse 3
Frequency 3 PD source 3 Frequency 1
22kV_Corona_Surface_Joint
May 10 PAGE 33
May 10
PAGE 32
Case Studies
Coupling of the PD Measurement Instrument to the HV Bushing Measuring Tap
PD Measurements on Power Transformers Coupling of the Measuring System

MPD600
May 10
PAGE 34
May 10
PAGE 37
Power Transformer 132kV/32kV in the Factory
PD Decoupling at the Measuring Tap of the HV Bushing
May 10
PAGE 38
May 10
PAGE 39
PD Decoupling at the Measuring Tap of the HV Bushing

Advantage Little constructive effort No coupling capacitors necessary Drawback Measuring tap not always accessible / existing
PD Decoupling by Coupling Capacitors
MPD600
May 10
PAGE 40
May 10
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May 10
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May 10
PAGE 43
HV Connections PD free!
Inductive PD Decoupling at Cable Screen
May 10
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May 10
PAGE 45
Capacitive Sensors
Practical Examples
MPD 600 MPD 600 MPD 600
PD Measurements on Power Transformers Measuring Results
Sensor for capacitive coupling (Patented by the University of Hannover)

May 10 PAGE 46 May 10 PAGE 47
Measuring Results
30 MVA Transformer, 115 kV / 11.3 kV
Synchronous Multi-Channel PD Measurement

on a 30MVA 115 / 11.3 kV Transformer
May 10
PAGE 48
May 10
Page 49
Measuring Results
Decoupling of PD at the Neutral
30 MVA Transformer, 115 kV / 11.3 kV

Statistical Noise
External Disturbance
PD Fault
May 10
PAGE 50
May 10
PAGE 51
Transformer with Coupling Capacitors, Step-up Transformer and Diesel Generator
Simultaneous PD Measurement on 3 Phases
W
Diesel Generator
U
Coupling capacitor with MPD 600 on U
Transformer
Step-up transformer 400V / 21kV
May 10 Page 52
without 3PARD filtering W
with 3PARD filtering

May 10
Page 53
3CFRD 3 Center Frequency Relation Diagram

PD source 1 PD source 2 PD source 3
Simultaneous PD Measurement at 3 Different Center Frequencies, Phase U

3MHz
Frequency 2 MPD600
300kHz
10MHz
FFT of all three impulses
Frequency 1 Frequency 2 Frequency 3
FFT pulse 2 FFT pulse 1
PD source 1 PD source 2
without filtering
10MHz
Frequency 1
3MHz
with filtering
300kHz
FFT pulse 3
Frequency 3 PD source 3
May 10
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May 10
Page 55
Decrease of the PD Amplidude with Increasing Frequencies
Combined UHF and IEC Measurements
3MHz
10MHz
PD is not close to the measurement point (bushing)

May 10 Page 56 OMICRON Energy
May 10
14.05.2010
Page 61
PAGE 61
Connection to the Measuring Tap of the Bushing
UHF Sensor at the Main Valve
OMICRON Energy
May 10
14.05.2010
Page 62
PAGE 62
OMICRON Energy
May 10
14.05.2010
Page 63
PAGE 63
The OMICRON mtronix Solution
The OMICRON mtronix Solution
May 10
PAGE 64
May 10
PAGE 65
Combined UHF and IEC measurement
Summary
Partial Discharges (PD) can lead to outages PD measurement is reasonable tool for diagnosis and quality control
IEC PD Measurement
UHF PD Measurement
Sensitive PD measurements: High demands on PD measuring system MPD600: a variable tool for all kind of application
electrical equipment (cable, transformer, rot. machines, ) measuring condition (laboratory, factory, on-site)
Corrected IEC PD Measurement
May 10
PAGE 66
May 10
PAGE 67
Thank You for Your kind attention!

May 10 PAGE 68
10

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Diagnostic Measurements on Power Transformers

Transformers: IEC 60076 (and others)

INTRODUCTION INTO PARTIAL DISCHARGE (PD) PHENOMENA AND PD MEASUREMENT

detection of critical defects recognition of defects assessment of risk

Dr. Michael Krger

PD Inception and Extinction Voltage

Internal PD has hystersis External corona has normally no hysteresis

a) corona discharge c) discharge in laminated material

b) surface discharges d) cavity discharge

Michael Krger e Marcelo Paulino - So Paulo maio/2010

Diagnostic Measurements on Power Transformers

Equivalent Circuit Diagram

The classical visualization

PRPD Phase Resolved Histogram

Michael Krger e Marcelo Paulino - So Paulo maio/2010

Diagnostic Measurements on Power Transformers

Calibration of the PD Instrument

Conventional Coupling of the Measuring Device

Transformer under test

Coupling capacitor IPD

Typical PD Measurement in a Test Lab

Analogue and Digital PD measuring instruments

Michael Krger e Marcelo Paulino - So Paulo maio/2010

Diagnostic Measurements on Power Transformers

"Digital" PD Measurement with Analogue Filter

"Digital" PD Measurement with MultiChannels and MUX

MPD 600 True Digital Measurement with Digital Filtering

Synchronous Multi-Channel PD Measurement System MPD600

Synchronous multi-channel measurement

Separation of PD and Corona Sources at Different Locations with 3PARD

3PARD = Three Phase Amplitude Relation Diagram

Michael Krger e Marcelo Paulino - So Paulo maio/2010

Diagnostic Measurements on Power Transformers

Inner PD source in L1 in 3PARD

Outer noise in 3PARD

Inner PD Source L1>L2>L3 L1

3PARD = Three Phase Amplitude Relation Diagram

3PARD = Three Phase Amplitude Relation Diagram

3CFRD 3 Center Frequency Relation Diagram

Measurement at Three Different Frequencies with 3CFRD

FFT of all three impulses

FFT pulse 2 FFT pulse 1

Michael Krger e Marcelo Paulino - So Paulo maio/2010

Diagnostic Measurements on Power Transformers

Coupling of the PD Measurement Instrument to the HV Bushing Measuring Tap

PD Measurements on Power Transformers Coupling of the Measuring System

Power Transformer 132kV/32kV in the Factory

PD Decoupling at the Measuring Tap of the HV Bushing

PD Decoupling at the Measuring Tap of the HV Bushing

PD Decoupling by Coupling Capacitors

Michael Krger e Marcelo Paulino - So Paulo maio/2010

Diagnostic Measurements on Power Transformers

PD Decoupling by Coupling Capacitors

PD Decoupling by Coupling Capacitors

Inductive PD Decoupling at Cable Screen

MPD 600 MPD 600 MPD 600

PD Measurements on Power Transformers Measuring Results

Sensor for capacitive coupling (Patented by the University of Hannover)

Michael Krger e Marcelo Paulino - So Paulo maio/2010

Diagnostic Measurements on Power Transformers

Synchronous Multi-Channel PD Measurement

Decoupling of PD at the Neutral

30 MVA Transformer, 115 kV / 11.3 kV