Alloy Data 3

Alloy Data SECTION
Section Contents
1 Die Casting Alloy Cross Reference Designations
2 Aluminum Alloys
NADCA No. Format Page
3-2
3-4
3
Selecting Aluminum Alloys 3-4
Aluminum Alloy Chemical Composition A-3-1-06 Standard 3-5
Aluminum Alloy Properties A-3-2-06 Standard 3-6
Aluminum Alloy Characteristics A-3-3-06 Guidelines 3-7
3 Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites 3-8 3
Selecting Aluminum Composites 3-8
Aluminum Composites Chemical Composition A-3-4-06 Standard 3-9
Aluminum Composites Properties A-3-5-06 Standard 3-10
Aluminum Composites Characteristics A-3-6-06 Guidelines 3-11
4 Copper Alloys 3-12
Selecting Copper Alloys 3-12
Copper Alloy Chemical Composition A-3-7-06 Standard 3-13
Copper Alloy Properties A-3-8-06 Standard 3-14
Copper Alloy Characteristics A-3-9-06 Guidelines 3-15
5 Magnesium Alloys 3-16
Selecting Magnesium Alloys 3-16
Magnesium Alloy Chemical Composition A-3-10-06 Standard 3-17
Magnesium Alloy Properties A-3-11-06 Standard 3-18
Magnesium Alloy Characteristics A-3-12-06 Guidelines 3-19
6 Zinc and ZA Alloys 3-20
Selecting Zinc and ZA Alloys 3-20
Zinc and ZA Alloy Chemical Composition A-3-13-06 Standard 3-21
Zinc and ZA Alloy Properties A-3-14-06 Standard 3-22
Zinc and ZA Alloy Characteristics A-3-15-06 Guidelines 3-23
7 Selecting An Alloy Family 3-24
8 Quick Guide to Alloy Family Selection 3-25
9 Elevated Temperature Properties 3-26
10 Property Comparison 3-30
11 Cross Reference: Alloy Designation and 3-34
Composition
NADCA Product Specification Standards for Die Castings / 2006 3-1

Alloy Data
The cross reference

designations shown are 1 Die Casting Alloy Cross Reference Designations
for alloy specifications ac-
cording to widely recognized
sources. References apply
Aluminum Alloy Specifications
to the Former
metal in the die cast Comm’l UNS
ANSI ASTM
SAE
Federal DIN g JIS H5302
AA B85 QQ-A-591 b 1725
condition and should not J452
be confused with similar
specifications for metal 360 A03600 360.0 SG100B — b
ingot. A “—“ in a column A360 a A13600 A360.0 SG100A 309 b 233 ADC3
indicates that the specific
alloy is not registered by 380 A03800 380.0 SC84B 308 b
the given source.
A380 a A13800 A380.0 SC84A 306 B 226A e ADC10 CD
383 A03830 383.0 SC102A 383 b 226A e ADC12 CD
384 A03840 384.0 SC114A 303 b ADC12 CD
A384 a — A384.0 — — b ADC12 CD
390 A23900 B390.0 SC174B — b
13 A04130 413.0 S12B — b
A13 a A14130 A413.0 S12A 305 b 231D f ADC1 c
43 A34430 C443.0 S5C 304 b
218 A05180 518.0 G8A — b 341
a Similar to preceding entry with slight variations in minor constituents. b The Federal specification for aluminum
alloy die castings uses the Aluminum Association designations for individual alloys. Military designations superseded
by Federal specifications. c Japanese specifications allow 0.3 magnesium maximum. d Japanese specifications allow
1.0 zinc maximum. e DIN 1725 spec allows 1.2 max zinc and up to 0.5 max magnesium. f DIN 1725 spec allows 0.3
max magnesium. g Alloy compositions shown in DIN 1725 tend to be “primary based” and have low impurity limits
making it difficult to correlate directly to U.S. alloys.
Table of Symbols Note: Some of these standards are obsolete but included here for historical purposes. For closest cross-reference refer to the
UNS — Unified tables of foreign alloy designations and chemical constituencies at the end of this section.
Numbering
System
ANSI — American
National
Standards
Institute Aluminum Metal Matrix Composite Alloy Specifications
ASTM — American Duralcan UNS AA
Society for
Testing and USA
Materials
F3D.10S-F 380/SiC/10p
AA — Aluminum
Association
F3D.20S-F 380/SiC/20p
SAE — Society of
Automotive F3N.10S-F 360/SiC/10p
Engineers
FED — Federal F3N.20S-F 360/SiC/20p

Specifications
MIL — Military
Specifications
JIS — Japanese
Industrial
Standard
DIN — German
Industrial
Standard
3-2 NADCA Product Specification Standards for Die Castings / 2006

Alloy Data
Copper Alloy Specifications

Comm’l UNS ASTM SAE
B176 J461/
857 C85700 — —
858 C85800 Z30A J462
865 C86500 — —
878 C87800 ZS144A J462
997 C99700 — —
997.5 C99750 — — 3
Magnesium Alloy Specifications

Comm’l UNS ASTM Former Federal DIN 1729 JIS H2222
B93 & B94 SAE & H5303
J465B
AZ91B M11912 AZ91B 501A QQ-M38 3.5912.05 MDI1B
AZ91D M11916 AZ91D — — — MDI1D
AZ81 — — — — — —
AM60A M10600 AM60A — — 3.5662.05 MDI2A
AM60B M10602 AM60B — — — MDI2B
AM50 — — — — — —
AE42 — — — — — —
AS41A M10410 AS41A — — 3.5470.05 MDI3A
AS41B M10412 AS41B — — — — Table of Symbols
AM20 — — — — — — UNS — Unified
Numbering
System
ANSI — American
National
Standards
Zinc and ZA Alloy Specifications Institute
ASTM — American
Comm’l UNS ASTM Former Federal DIN JIS Society for
B86 SAE QQ-Z363a Testing and
Materials
J469
AA — Aluminum
2 Z35541 AC43A 921 AC43A 1743 Association
3 Z33520 AG40A 903 AG40A 1743 ZDC-2 SAE — Society of

Automotive
5 Z355310 AC41A 925 AC41A 1743 ZDC-1 Engineers
7 Z33523 AG40B — AG40B FED — Federal

Specifications
ZA-8 Z35636 — —
MIL — Military
ZA-12 Z35631 — — Specifications
ZA-27 Z35841 — — JIS — Japanese
Industrial
Standard
DIN — German
Industrial
Standard

Alloy Data
2 Aluminum Alloys
Selecting Aluminum Alloys

Aluminum (Al) die casting alloys have a specific gravity of approximately 2.7 g/cc, placing them
among the lightweight structural metals. The majority of die castings produced worldwide are
made from aluminum alloys.
Six major elements constitute the die cast aluminum alloy system: silicon, copper, magnesium,
iron, manganese, and zinc. Each element affects the alloy both independently and interactively.
This aluminum alloy subsection presents guideline tables for chemical composition, typical
properties, and die casting, machining and finishing characteristics for 11 aluminum die casting
alloys. This data can be used in combination with design engineering tolerancing guidelines for
aluminum die casting and can be compared with the guidelines for other alloys in this section and
in the design engineering section.
Alloy A380 (ANSI/AA A380.0) is by far the most widely cast of the aluminum die casting alloys,
offering the best combination of material properties and ease of production. It may be specified
for most product applications. Some of the uses of this alloy include electronic and communica-
tions equipment, automotive components, engine brackets, transmission and gear cases, appli-
ances, lawn mower housings, furniture components, hand and power tools.
Alloy 383 (ANSI/AA 383.0) and alloy 384 (ANSI/AA 384.0) are alternatives to A380 for
intricate components requiring improved die filling characteristics. Alloy 383 offers improved
resistance to hot cracking (strength at elevated temperatures).
Alloy A360 (ANSI/AA A360.0) offers higher corrosion resistance, superior strength at elevated
temperatures, and somewhat better ductility, but is more difficult to cast.
While not in wide use and difficult to cast, alloy 43 (ANSI/AA C443.0) offers the highest
ductility in the aluminum family. It is moderate in corrosion resistance and often can be used in
marine grade applications.
Alloy A13 (ANSI/AA A413.0) offers excellent pressure tightness, making it a good choice for
hydraulic cylinders and pressure vessels. Its casting characteristics make it useful for intricate
components.
Alloy 390 (ANSI/AA B390.0) was developed for automotive engine blocks. Its resistance to wear is
excellent; its ductility is low. It is used for die cast valve bodies and compressor housings in pistons.
Alloy 218 (ANSI/AA 518.0) provides the best combination of strength, ductility, corrosion
resistance and finishing qualities, but it is more difficult to die cast.
Machining Characteristics
Machining characteristics vary somewhat among the commercially available aluminum die casting
alloys, but the entire group is superior to iron, steel and titanium. The rapid solidification rate
associated with the die casting process makes die casting alloys somewhat superior to wrought
and gravity cast alloys of similar chemical composition.
Alloy A380 has better than average machining characteristics. Alloy 218, with magnesium the
major alloying element, exhibits among the best machinability. Alloy 390, with the highest silicon
content and free silicon constituent, exhibits the lowest.
Surface Treatment Systems

Surface treatment systems are applied to aluminum die castings to provide a decorative finish, to
form a protective barrier against environmental exposure, and to improve resistance to wear.
Decorative finishes can be applied to aluminum die castings through painting, powder coat
finishing, polishing, epoxy finishing, and plating. Aluminum can be plated by applying an initial
immersion zinc coating, followed by conventional copper-nickel-chromium plating procedure
similar to that used for plating zinc metal/alloys.
Protection against environmental corrosion for aluminum die castings is achieved through
painting, anodizing, chromating, and iridite coatings.

Alloy Data NADCA
A-3-1-06
STANDARD
Improved wear resistance can be achieved with aluminum die castings by hard anodizing.
Where a part design does not allow the production of a pressure-tight die casting through
control of porosity by gate and overflow die design, the location of ejector pins, and the recon-
figuration of hard-to-cast features, impregnation of aluminum die castings can be used. Systems
employing anaerobics and methacrylates are employed to produce sealed, pressure-tight castings
with smooth surfaces.
A detailed discussion of fi nishing methods for aluminum die castings can be found in Product
Design For Die Casting.
Table A-3-1 Chemical Composition: Al Alloys

All single values are maximum composition percentages unless otherwise stated.
Aluminum Die Casting Alloys a

3
Commercial: 360 A360 380 b A380 b 383 384 b 390* 13 A13 43 218
ANSI/AA 360.0 A360.0 380.0 A380.0 383.0 384.0 B390.0 413.0 A413.0 C443.0 518.0
Nominal Mg 0.5 Mg 0.5 Cu 3.5 Cu 3.5 Cu 2.5 Cu 3.8 Cu 4.5 Si 12.0 Si 12.0 Si 5.0 Mg 8.0
Comp: Si 9.0 Si 9.5 Si 8.5 Si 8.5 Si 10.5 Si 11.0 Si 17.0
Detailed Composit ion
Silicon
9.0-10.0 9.0-10.0 7.5-9.5 7.5-9.5 9.5-11.5 10.5-12.0 16.0-18.0 11.0-13.0 11.0-13.0 4.5-6.0 0.35
Si
Iron
2.0 1.3 2.0 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 2.0 1.3 2.0 1.8
Fe
Copper
0.6 0.6 3.0-4.0 3.0-4.0 2.0-3.0 3.0-4.5 4.0-5.0 1.0 1.0 0.6 0.25
Cu
Magnesium
0.4-0.6 0.4-0.6 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.45-0.65 0.10 0.10 0.10 7.5-8.5
Mg
Manganese
0.35 0.35 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35
Mn
Nickel
0.50 0.50 0.50 0.5 0.30 0.50 0.10 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.15
Ni
Zinc
0.50 0.50 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 1.5 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.15
Zn
Tin
0.15 0.15 0.35 0.35 0.15 0.35 — 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15
Sm
Titanium
— — — — — — 0.10 — — — —
Ti
Others
— — — — — — 0.10 — — — —
Each
Total
0.25 0.25 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.20 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25
Others
Aluminum
Balance Balance Balance Balance Balance Balance Balance Balance Balance Balance Balance
Al
a Analysis shall ordinarily be made only for the elements mentioned in this table. If, however, the presence of other elements is suspected, or
indicated in the course of routine analysis, further analysis shall be made to determine that the total of these other elements are not present in
excess of specified limits. b With respect to mechanical properties, alloys A380.0, 383.0 and 384.0 are substantially interchangeable. Sources:
ASTM B85-92a; Aluminum Association.
* Two other aluminum alloys, 361 & 369, are being utilized in limited applications where vibration and wear are of concern. There are also other heat
treatable specialty alloys available for structural applications, such as the Silafonts and AA365. Contact your alloy producer for more information.

NADCA Alloy Data
A-3-2-06
STANDARD
Table A-3-2 Typical Material Properties: Al Alloys

Typical values based on “as-cast” characteristics for separately die cast specimens, not specimens cut from production die castings.
Aluminum Die Casting Alloys
Commercial: 360 A360 380 A380 383 384 390* 13 A13 43 218
ANSI/AA 360.0 A360.0 380.0 A380.0 383.0 384.0 B390.0 413.0 A413.0 C443.0 518.0
Mechanical Proper t ies
Ultimate Tensile Strength
ksi 44 46 46 47 45 48 46 43 42 33 45
(MPa) (303) (317) (317) (324) (310) (330) (317) (300) (290) (228) (310)
Yield Strength a
ksi 25 24 23 23 22 24 36 21 19 14 28
(MPa) (170) (170) (160) (160) (150) (165) (250) (140) (130) (97) (193)
Elongation
% in 2in. (51mm) 2.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 2.5 <1 2.5 3.5 9.0 5.0
Hardness b
BHN 75 75 80 80 75 85 120 80 80 65 80
Shear Strength
ksi 28 26 28 27 29 25 25 19 29
— —
(MPa) (190) (180) (190) (190) (200) (170) (170) (130) (200)
Impact Strength
ft-lb
— —
3
— 3d — — — — —
7
(J) (4) (4) (9)
Fatigue Strength c
ksi 20 18 20 20 21 20 20 19 19 17 20
(MPa) (140) (120) (140) (140) (145) (140) (140) (130) (130) (120) (140)
Young’s Modulus
psi x 10 6 10.3 10.3 10.3 10.3 10.3 11.8 10.3 10.3
— — —
(GPa) (71) (71) (71) (71) (71) (81.3) (71) (71)
Physical Proper t ies
Density
lb/in3 0.095 0.095 0.099 0.098 0.099 0.102 0.098 0.096 0.096 0.097 0.093
(g/cm3) (2.63) (2.63) (2.74) (2.71) (2.74) (2.82) (2.71) (2.66) (2.66) (2.69) (2.57)
Melting Range
°F 1035-1105 1035-1105 1000-1100 1000-1100 960-1080 960-1080 950-1200 1065-1080 1065-1080 1065-1170 995-1150
(°C) (557-596) (557-596) (540-595) (540-595) (516-582) (516-582) (510-650) (574-582) (574-582) (574-632) (535-621)
Specific Heat
BTU/lb °F 0.230 0.230 0.230 0.230 0.230 0.230 0.230 0.230
— — —
(J/kg °C) (963) (963) (963) (963) (963) (963) (963) (963)
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
μ in/in°F 11.6 11.6 12.2 12.1 11.7 11.6 10.0 11.3 11.9 12.2 13.4
(μ m/m°K) (21.0) (21.0) (22.0) (21.8) (21.1) (21.0) (18.0) (20.4) (21.6) (22.0) (24.1)
Thermal Conductivity
BTU/ft hr°F 65.3 65.3 55.6 55.6 55.6 55.6 77.4 70.1 70.1 82.2 55.6
(W/m °K) (113) (113) (96.2) (96.2) (96.2) (96.2) (134) (121) (121) (142) (96.2)
Electrical Conductivity
% IACS 30 29 27 23 23 22 27 31 31 37 24
Poisson’s Ratio 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 — — — — 0.33 —
a 0.2% offset. b 500 kg load, 10mm ball. c Rotary Bend 5 x 10 8
cycles. d Notched Charpy. Sources: ASTM B85-92a; ASM; SAE; Wabash Alloys.
* Two other aluminum alloys, 361 & 369, are being utilized in limited applications where vibration and wear are of concern. There are also other
heat treatable specialty alloys available for structural applications, such as the Silafonts and AA365. Contact your alloy producer for more informa-
tion. More information can also be obtained from Microstructures and Properties of Aluminum Die Casting Alloys Book, NADCA Publication #215.

Alloy Data NADCA
A-3-3-06
GUIDELINES
Die casting alloy selection requires evaluation not only of physical and mechanical properties,
and chemical composition, but also of inherent alloy characteristics and their effect on die casting
production as well as possible machining and final surface finishing.
This table includes selected die casting and other special characteristics which are usually
considered in selecting an aluminum alloy for a specific application.
The characteristics are rated from (1) to (5), (1) being the most desirable and (5) being the least.
In applying these ratings, it should be noted that all the alloys have sufficiently good charac-
teristics to be accepted by users and producers of die castings. A rating of (5) in one or more
categories would not rule out an alloy if other attributes are particularly favorable, but ratings of
(5) may present manufacturing difficulties.
The benefits of consulting a custom die caster experienced in casting the aluminum alloy being
considered are clear.
3
Table A-3-3 Die Casting And Other Characteristics: Al Alloys
(1 = most desirable, 5 = least desirable)
Aluminum Die Casting Alloys
Commercial: ANSI/AA 360 A360 380 A380 383 384 390* 13 A13 43 218
360.0 A360.0 380.0 A380.0 383.0 384.0 B390.0 413.0 A413.0 C443.0 518.0
Resistance to
1 1 2 2 1 2 4 1 1 3 5
Hot Cracking a
Pressure Tightness 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 1 1 3 5
Die-Filling Capacity b 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 4 5
Anti-Soldering to the Die c 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 4 5
Corrosion Resistance d 2 2 4 4 3 5 3 2 2 2 1
Machining Ease & Quality e 3 3 3 3 2 3 5 4 4 5 0.15
Polishing Ease & Quality f 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 5 5 4 1
Electroplating Ease & Quality g 2 2 1 1 1 2 3 3 3 2 5
Anodizing (Appearance) h 3 3 3 3 3 4 5 5 5 2 1
Chemical Oxide Protective Coating i 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 3 3 2 1
Strength at Elevated Temp. j 1 1 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 5 4
a Ability of alloy to withstand stresses from contraction while cooling through hot-short or brittle temperature
ranges. b Ability of molten alloy to flow readily in die and fill thin sections. c Ability of molten alloy to flow
without sticking to the die surfaces. Ratings given for anti-soldering are based on nominal iron compositions of
approximately 1%. d Based on resistance of alloy in standard type salt spray test. e Composite rating based on
ease of cutting, chip characteristics, quality of finish, and tool life. f Composite rating based on ease and speed
of polishing and quality of finish provided by typical polishing procedure. g Ability of the die casting to take
and hold an electroplate applied by present standard methods. h Rated on lightness of color, brightness, and
uniformity of clear anodized coating applied in sulphuric acid electrolyte. i Rated on combined resistance of
coating and prolonged heating at testing temperature. Sources: ASTM B85-92a; ASM; SAE
* Two other aluminum alloys, 361 & 369, are being utilized in limited applications where vibration and wear are
of concern. There are also other heat treatable specialty alloys available for structural applications, such as the
Silafonts and AA365. Contact your alloy producer for more information.
Note: Die castings are not usually solution heat treated. Low-temperature aging treatments may be used for stress
relief or dimensional stability. A T2 or T5 temper may be given to improve properties. Because of the severe chill
rate and ultra-fine grain size in die castings, their “as-cast” structure approaches that of the solution heat-treated
condition. T4 and T5 temper results in properties quite similar to those which might be obtained if given a full T6
temper. Die castings are not generally gas or arc welded or brazed.

Alloy Data
3 Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites
Selecting Aluminum Composites

Aluminum metal matrix composites (MMC) are aluminum-based alloys reinforced with up to 20%
silicon carbide (SiC) particles, which are now being used for high-performance die cast components.
The mechanical properties of ASTM test specimens made from these materials typically exceed
those of most aluminum, magnesium, zinc and bronze components produced by die casting, and
match or approach many of the characteristics of iron castings and steel at lighter weight.
The expected properties of MMC parts are higher stiffness and thermal conductivity, improved
wear resistance, lower coefficient of thermal expansion, and higher tensile and fatigue strengths
at elevated temperature, with densities within 5% of aluminum die casting alloys. These compos-
ites can also yield castings with reduced porosity.
Preliminary data also indicates that less vibrational noise is generated by parts made from these
composites, under certain conditions, than by identical parts made from unreinforced aluminum.
Duralcan F3D.10%v/v and 20%v/v aluminum metal matrix composites reinforced with SiC
ceramic powder are general purpose die casting alloys.
Duralcan F3N.10%v/v and 20%v/v aluminum metal matrix composites reinforced with SiC
ceramic powder contain virtually no copper or nickel and are designed for use in corrosion
sensitive applications. All of these composites are heat treatable.
Al-MMCs are significantly more abrasive to cutting tools than all other aluminum die cast and
gravity cast alloys, except for hypereutectic Al-Si alloys (those containing primary Si phases).
Coarse grades of polycrystalline diamond (PCD) tools are recommended for anything more than
prototype quantities of machining.
With the proper tooling, Al-MMC can be readily turned, milled, or drilled. However, cutting
speeds are lower and feed rates are higher than for unreinforced alloys. General machining
guidelines are described in Volume 1 of the SME Tool & Manufacturing Engineers Handbook.

Surface treatments are generally applied to aluminum MMC to provide a protective barrier to
environmental exposure, to provide decorative finish, or to reduce the abrasiveness of the MMC
to a counterface material. Because of the inherently high wear resistance of the Al-MMCs, surface
treatments on these materials are generally not used to improve their wear resistance.
Decorative finishes can be applied by painting, powder coat finishing, epoxy finishing and
plating, using procedures similar to those used for conventional aluminum alloys.
Although conventional and hard-coat anodized finishes can be applied to Al-MMC die castings,
the results are not as cosmetically appealing as for conventional aluminum. The presence of
the SiC particles results in a darker, more mottled appearance. This problem can be minimized,
although not entirely eliminated, by using the darker, more intensely colored dyes to color the
anodic coatings. Another problem often noted is that the presence of the ceramic particles
produces a rougher surface, particularly after chemical etching. This, in turn, leads to a less
lustrous anodic coating than usually seen with unreinforced aluminum.
Recommended procedures for painting, plating and anodizing Duralcan MMCs can be obtained
through Alcan ECP Canada, 2040 Chemin de la Reserve, Chicoutimi (Quebec) G7H 5B3, Canada.
This aluminum composite subsection presents guideline tables for chemical composition, typical
properties, and die casting and other characteristics for the two families of aluminum matrix com-
posite alloys for die casting. Design engineering tolerancing guidelines have yet to be developed.
Alcan ECP Canada - Dubuc Plant, produces Duralcan metal matrix composites for die casting
using a patented process and proprietary technology, mixing ceramic powder into molten aluminum.
Further technical and application information can be obtained from Alcan ECP Canada, 2040 Chemin
de la Reserve, Chicoutimi (Quebec) G7H 5B3, Canada.

Alloy Data NADCA
A-3-4-06
STANDARD
Table A-3-4 Chemical Coomposition: Al-MMC Alloys
Duralcan Aluminum Metal Matrix Composite Alloys

Commercial: F3D.10S-F F3D.20S-F F3N.10S-F F3N.20S-F
SiC Particulate Volume
10% 20% 10% 20%
Percent
Silicon
9.50-10.50 9.50-10.50 9.50-10.50 9.50-10.50
Si
Iron
Fe
0.8-1.20 0.8-1.20 0.8-1.20 0.8-1.20 3
Copper
3.0-0.50 3.0-3.50 0.20 max. 0.20 max.
Cu
Magnesium
0.30-0.50 0.30-0.50 0.50-0.70 0.50-0.70
Mg
Manganese
0.50-0.80 0.50-0.80 0.50-0.80 0.50-0.80
Mn
Nickel
1.00-1.50 1.00-1.50 — —
Ni
Titanium
0.05 max. 0.20 max. 0.20 max. 0.20 max.
Ti
Zinc
0.05 max. 0.05 max. 0.05 max. 0.05 max.
Zn
Total 0.10 Total 0.10 Total 0.10 Total 0.10 Total
Others 0.03 max. 0.03 max. 0.03 max. 0.03 max.
Aluminum
Balance Balance Balance Balance
Al
Source: Alcan ECP Canada

NADCA Alloy Data
A-3-5-06
STANDARD
Table A-3-5 Typical Material Properties: Al-MMC Alloys

Typical values based on “as-cast” characteristics for separately die cast specimens, not specimens cut from
production die castings.
Commercial: F30D.10S-F F30D.20S-F F30N.10S-F F30N.20S-F
Ultimate Tensile Strength a
ksi 50 51 45 44
(MPa) (345) (352) (310) (303)
Yield Strength a
ksi 35 44 32 36
(MPa) (241) (303) (221) (248)
Elongation a
% in 2in. (51mm) 1.2 0.4 0.9 0.5
Rockwell Hardness a
HRB 77 82 56 73
Impact Energy b
Charpy impact ASTM E-23
1.9 0.7 1.4 0.7
(J)
Fatigue Strength C
ksi 22 22
— —
(MPa) (152) (152)
Elastic Modulus a
psi x 10 6 10.3 10.3 20 15.7
(GPa) (71) (71) (140) (108.2)
Density
lb/in3 0.0997 0.1019 0.0957 0.0979
(g/cm3) (2.76) (2.82) (2.65) (2.71)
Melting Range
°F 975-1060 975-1060 1067-1112 1067-1112
(°C) (524-571) (524-571) (575-600) (575-600)
Specific Heat
BTU/lb °F @ 77 °F 0.201 0.198 0.208 0.193
(J/kg °C @ 22 °C) (841.5) (829.0) (870.9) (808.1)
Average Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
μ in/in°F 10.7 9.4 11.9 9.2
(μ m/m°K) (19.3) (16.9) (21.4) (16.6)
BTU/ft hr°F @ 72 °F 71.6 83.2 93.0 97.1
(W/m °K @ 22 °C) (123.9) (144.0) (161.0) (168.1)
% IACS @ 22 °C 22.0 20.5 32.7 24.7
Poisson’s Ratio 0.296 0.287 — 0.293
a Based on cast-to-size tensile bars. b Cast-to-size test specimens. c Axial fatigue, R=0.1, RT (room temperature),
1 x 107 cycles. Source: Alcan ECP Canada

Alloy Data NADCA
A-3-6-06
GUIDELINES
considered in selecting an aluminum matrix alloy for a specific application.
The benefits of consulting a custom die caster experienced in casting the aluminum matrix alloy
being considered are clear.
3
Table A-3-6 Die Casting and Other Characteristics: Al-MMC Alloys
Commercial: ANSI/AA F3D.10S-F F3D.20S-F F3N.10S-F F3N.20S-F
Resistance to Hot Cracking a 1 1 1 1

Die-Filling Capacity b 1 1 1 1
Anti-Soldering to the Die c 3 3 2 2
Pressure Tightness 2 2 2 2
Corrosion Resistance d 5 5 3 3
Machining Ease & Quality e 4 4 4 4
Polishing Ease & Quality f 5 5 5 5
Electroplating Ease & Quality g 2 2 2 2
Anodizing (Appearance) h 4 4 4 4
Anodizing (Protextion) 5 5 4 4
Strength at Elevated Temp. j 1 1 1 1
Resistance to Wear 1 1 1 1
A Ability of alloy to withstand stresses from contraction while cooling through hot-short or brittle temperature range.
B Ability of molten alloy to flow redily in die and fill thin sections. C Ability of molten alloy to flow without sticking
to the die surfaces. D Based on resistance of alloy in standard type salt spray test. E Composite rating based on
ease of cutting, ship characteristics, quality of finish, and tool life. F Composite rating based on ease and speed of
polishing and quality of finish provided by typical polishing procedures. G Ability of the die casting to take and hold
an electroplate applied by prsent standard methods. H Rated on lightness of color, brightness, and uniformity of clear
anodized coating applied in sulphuric acid electrolyte. Generally aluminum die castings are unsuitable for light color
anodizing where pleasing appearance is required. I Rating based on tensile and yield strengths at temperatures up to
500 °F (260 °C), after prolonged heating at testing temperatures. Source: Alcan ECP Canada

Alloy Data
4 Copper Alloys
Selecting Copper (Brass) Alloys

Copper alloy (Cu) die castings (brass and bronze) have the highest mechanical properties and
corrosion resistance of all die cast materials.
The standard copper-base alloys in general use are readily die cast in intricate shapes. The high
temperatures and pressures at which they are cast — 1800° to 1950°F (982°-1066°C) — result in
shortened die life, compared to the other nonferrous alloys. While this will result in higher die
replacement costs for brass castings, total product cost can be lower compared to brass machined
parts or brass investment castings.
Where added strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance and greater hardness are required
for a product, the possible economies of brass die castings over other production processes
should be carefully considered.
This copper alloy subsection presents guideline tables for chemical composition, typical proper-
ties, and die casting, machining and finishing characteristics for the most commonly used copper
die casting alloys. This data can be used in combination with design engineering tolerancing
guidelines for copper die casting and compared with the guidelines for other alloys in this section
and in the design engineering section.
Copper alloy 858 is a general-purpose, lower-cost yellow brass alloy with good machinability
and soldering characteristics.
Alloy 878 has the highest mechanical strength, hardness and wear resistance of the copper die
casting alloys, but is the most difficult to machine. It is generally used only when the application
requires its high strength and resistance to wear, although its lower lead content makes it
environmentally more attractive.
Where environmental and health concerns are a factor in an application, those alloys with low
lead content, as shown in table A-3-7, will be increasingly preferred.
Machining
Copper alloy die castings in general are more difficult to machine than other nonferrous compo-
nents, since their excellent conductivity results in rapid heating during machining operations.
However, there are significant differences in machining characteristics among the copper alloys,
as can be determined from Table A-3-9.
Ratings in Table A-3-9 are based on free machining yellow brass as a standard of 100. Most cop-
per alloys are machined dry. Three of the six alloys listed have a rating of 80, which is excellent.
Copper alloys 878 and 865 are not difficult to machine if carbide tools and cutting oil are used.
The chips from alloy 878 break up into fine particles while alloy 865 produces a long spiral which
does not break up easily into chips.
Surface Finishing Systems

The temperature characteristics of copper alloy castings require special care in surface finishing.
While a range of processes are available, electroplating is especially effective. Brass castings yield
a bright chrome plate finish equal to or superior to zinc.
Natural surface color ranges from a golden yellow for the yellow brass, to a buff brown for the
silicon brass alloys, to a silver color for the white manganese alloys. Copper alloys may be buffed and
polished to a high luster. Polishing shines the metal; sand or shot blasting will give it a satin finish.
Final finishing choices are available through chemical and electrochemical treatments which
impart greens, reds, blues, yellows, browns, black, or shades of gray. Clear organic finishes, consist-
ing of nitrocellulose, polyvinyl fluoride or benzotriazole, are also available for copper alloys.
For more detailed finishing information contact the Copper Development Association Inc., 260
Madison Ave., New York, NY 10016 or visit www.copper.org.

Alloy Data NADCA
A-3-7-06
STANDARD
Table A-3-7 Chemical Composition: Cu Alloys
Copper Die Casting Alloys a

Commercial: 857 858 865 878 997.0 997.5
ANSI/AA C85700 C85800 C86500 C87800 C9970 C99750
Yellow Brass Yellow Brass Manganese Bronze Si Bronze White Tombasil White Brass
Nominal Comp: Cu 63.0 Cu 61.5 Cu 58.0 Cu 82.0 Cu 56.5 Cu 58.0
Al 0.3 Pb 1.0 Al 1.0 Si 4.0 Al 1.8 Al 1.6
Pb 1.0 Sn 1.0 Fe 1.2 Zn 14.0 Pb 1.5 Mn 20.0
Sn 1.0 Zn 36.0 Sn 0.5 Mn 13.0 Sn 1.5
Zn 36.0 Mn 0.8 Ni 5.0 Zn 20.0
Zn 39.0 Zn 22.0
3
Copper
58.0-64.0 57.0 min 55.0-60.0 80.0-84.2 54.0-65.5 55.0-61.0
Cu
Tin
0.5-1.5 1.5 1.0 0.25 1.0 0.5-2.5
Sn
Lead
0.8-1.5 1.5 0.4 0.15 2.0 ___
Pb
Zinc
32.0-40.0 31.0-41.0 36.0-42.0 12.0-16.0 19.0-25.0 17.0-23.0
Zn
Iron
0.7 0.50 0.4-2.0 0.15 1.0 1.0
Fe
Aluminum
0.8 0.55 0.5-1.5 0.15 0.5-3.0 0.25-3.0
Al
Manganese
0.25 0.1-1.5 0.15 11.0-15.0 17.0-23.0
Mn
Antimony
0.05 0.05
Sb
Nickel (incl.
Cobalt) 1.0 0.5 1.0 0.20 4.0-6.0 5.0
Ni
Sulphur
0.05 0.05
S
Phosphorus
0.01 0.01
P
Silicon
0.05 0.25 3.8-4.2
Si
Arsenic
0.05 0.05
As
Copper + Sum
of Named 98.7 min. 98.7 min. 99.0 min. 99.5 min. 99.7 min. 99.7 min.
Elements
a Analysis shall ordinarily be made only for the elements mentioned in this table. If, however, the presence of other
elements is suspected, or indicated in the course of routine analysis, further analysis shall be made to determine that the
total of these other elements are not present in excess of specified limits. b With respect to mechanical properties, alloys
A380.0, 383.0 and 384.0 are substantially interchangeable. Sources: ASTM B85-92a; Aluminum Association.
* Two other aluminum alloys, 361 & 369, are being utilized in limited applications where vibration and wear are of
concern. Contact your alloy producer for more information.

NADCA Alloy Data
A-3-8-06
STANDARD
Table A-3-8 Typical Material Properties: Cu Alloys

Typical values based on “as-cast” characteristics for separately die cast specimens, not specimens cut from
production die castings.
Copper Die Casting Alloys
Commercial: 857 858 865 878 997.0 997.5
ANSI/AA: C85700 C85800 C86500 C87800 C99700 C99750
Common Name: Yellow Yellow Mn Si Bronze White White
Brass Brass Bronze Tombasil Brass
ksi 50 55 71 85 65 65
(MPa) (344) (379) (489) (586) (448) (448)
Yield Strength a
ksi 18 30 28 50 27 32
(MPa) (124) (207) (193) (344) (186) (221)
Elongation
% in 2in. (51mm) 15 15 30 25 15 30
Hardness
125
BHN (500) 75 55-60R B 100 85-90R B 110
(@300kg)
Impact Strength
ft-lb 40 32 70 75
—
(J) (54) (43) (95) (102)
Fatigue Strength
ksi 20 19
— — — —
(MPa) (138) (128)
Young’s Modulus
psi x 10 6 14 15 15 20 16.5 17
(GPa) (87) (103.4) (103.4) (137.8) (113.7) (117.1)
Density
lb/in3 @ 68 °F 0.304 0.305 0.301 0.300 0.296 0.29
(g/cm3) @20 °C (8.4) (8.44) (8.33) (8.3) (8.19) (8.03)
Melting Range
°F 1675-1725 1600-1650 1583-1616 1510-1680 1615-1655 1505-1550
(°C) (913-940) (871-899) (862-880) (821-933) (879-902) (819-843)
Specific Heat
BTU/lb °F @ 68 °F 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09
(J/kg °K @ 293 °K) (377.0) (377.0) (377.0) (377.0) (377.0) (377.0)
Average Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
μ in/in°F x 10 -6 12 12 11.3 10.9 10.9 13.5
(μ m/m°C x 10 -6) (21.6) (21.6) (20.3) (19.6) (19.6) (24.3)
BTU•ft/(hr•ft 2•°F) @ 68 °F 48.5 48.5 49.6 16.0 16.0
—
(W/m °K @ 20 °C) (83.9) (83.9) (85.8) (27.7) (27.7)
% IACS @ 68 °C 22 22 22 6.0 3.0 2.0
Poisson’s Ratio 80 80 26 40 80 80
a Tensile yield strength at -0.5% extension under load. Sources: ASTM B176-93a and Copper Development.

Alloy Data NADCA
A-3-9-06
GUIDELINES
considered in selecting a copper alloy for a specific application.
The benefits of consulting a custom die caster experienced in casting the copper alloy being
3
Table A-3-9 Die Casting and Other Characteristics: Cu Alloys
Copper Die Casting Alloys
Commercial: 857 858 865 878 997.0 997.5
UNS: C85700 C85800 C86500 C87800 C99700 C99750
Resistance to Hot Cracking a 2 2 3 2 2 3
Pressure Tightness 3 3 2 2 3 3
Die-Filling Capacity b 2 3 2 2 2 2
Anti-Soldering to the Die c 2 2 2 1 3 3
As Cast Surface Smoothness 3 4 2 1 3 3
Corrosion Resistance d 3 3 2 1 3 3
Machining Ease & Quality e 1 1 4 3 2 2
Polishing Ease & Quality f 3 3 3 4 3 3
Electroplating Ease & Quality g 1 1 3 2 3 3
High Temperature Strength h 3 3 3 1 3 3
A Ability of alloy to withstand stresses from contraction while cooling through hot-short or brittle temperature range.
B Ability of molten alloy to flow readily in die and fill thin sections. C Ability of molten alloy to flow without sticking
to the die surfaces. D Based on resistance of alloy in standard type salt spray test. E Composite rating based on
ease of cutting, chip characteristics, quality of finish, and tool life. F Composite rating based on ease and speed of
polishing and quality of finish provided by typical polishing procedure. G Ability of the die casting to take and hold an
electroplate applied by present standard methods. H Rating based on tensile and yield strengths at temperatures up to
500°F (260°C), after prolonged heating at testing temperature. Sources: ASTM B176-93a; R. Lavin & Sons, Inc.

Alloy Data
5 Magnesium Alloys
Selecting Magnesium Alloys

Magnesium (Mg) has a specific gravity of 1.74 g/cc, making it the lightest commonly used struc-
tural metal.
This magnesium alloy subsection presents guideline tables for chemical composition, typical
properties, and die casting, machining and finishing characteristics for seven magnesium alloys.
This data can be used in combination with design engineering tolerancing guidelines for magne-
sium die casting and can be compared with the guidelines for other alloys in this section and in
the design engineering section.
Alloy AZ91D and AZ81 offer the highest strength of the commercial magnesium die casting alloys.
Alloy AZ91D is the most widely-used magnesium die casting alloy. It is a high-purity alloy with
excellent corrosion resistance, excellent castability, and excellent strength. Corrosion resistance is
achieved by enforcing strict limits on three metallic impurities: iron, copper and nickel.
AZ81 use is minimal since its properties are very close to those of AZ91D. Alloys AM60B, AM50A
and AM20 are used in applications requiring good elongation, toughness and impact resistance
combined with reasonably good strength and excellent corrosion resistance. Ductility increases at
the expense of castability and strength, as aluminum content decreases. Therefore, the alloy with
the highest aluminum content that will meet the application requirements should be chosen.
Alloys AS41B and AE42 are used in applications requiring improved elevated temperature
strength and creep resistance combined with excellent ductility and corrosion resistance. The
properties of AS41B make it a good choice for crankcases of air-cooled automotive engines.
Among the more common applications of magnesium alloys can be found the following: auto
parts such as transfer cases, cam covers, steering columns, brake and clutch pedal brackets,
clutch housings, seat frames, and dashboard supports. Non-automotive products would include
chain saws, portable tools, drills and grinders, vacuum cleaners, lawn mowers, household mixers,
floor polishers and scrubbers, blood pressure testing machines, projectors, cameras, radar
indicators, tape recorders, sports equipment, dictating machines, calculators, postage meters,
computers, telecommunications equipment, fractional horsepower motors, carpenter and mason
levels, sewing machines, solar cells, snowmobiles and luggage.
Machining
The magnesium alloys exhibit the best machinability of any group of commercially used metal alloys.
Special precautions must routinely be taken when machining or grinding magnesium castings.

Decorative finishes can be applied to magnesium die castings by painting, chromate and
phosphate coatings, as well as plating. Magnesium castings can be effectively plated by applying
an initial immersion zinc coating, followed by conventional copper-nickel-chromium plating
procedure generally used for plating zinc metal/alloys.
Magnesium underbody auto parts, exposed to severe environmental conditions, are now used
with no special coatings or protection. Other Mg die castings, such as computer parts, are often
given a chemical treatment. This treatment or coating protects against tarnishing or slight surface
corrosion which can occur on unprotected magnesium die castings during storage in moist
atmospheres. Painting and anodizing further serve as an environmental corrosion barrier.
Improved wear resistance can be provided to magnesium die castings with hard anodizing or
hard chrome plating.
A detailed discussion of fi nishing methods for magnesium die castings can be found in Product
Design For Die Casting.

Alloy Data NADCA
A-3-10-06
STANDARD
Table A-3-10 Chemical Composition: Mg Alloys

Magnesium Die Casting Alloys a

Commercial: AZ91D A AZ81 B AM60B B AM50A B AM20 B AE42 B AS41B B
Nominal Comp: Al 9.0 Al 8.0 Al 6.0 Al 5.0 Al 2.0 Al 4.0 Al 4.0
Zn 0.7 Zn 0.7 Mn 0.3 Mn 0.35 Mn 0.55 RE 2.4 Si 1.0
Mn 0.2 Mn 0.22 Mn 0.3 Mn 0.37
Aluminum
8.3-9.7 7.0-8.5 5.5-6.5 4.4-5.4 1.7-2.2 3.4-4.6 3.5-5.0
Al 3
Zinc
0.35-1.0 0.3-1.0 0.22 max 0.22 max 0.1 max 0.22 max 0.12 max
Zn
Manganese
0.15-0.50 C 0.17 min 0.24-0.6 C 0.26-0.6 C 0.5 min 0.25 C 0.35-0.7 C
Mn
Silicon
0.10 max 0.05 max 0.10 max 0.10 max 0.10 max — 0.5-1.5
Si
Iron
0.005 C 0.004 max 0.005 C 0.004 C 0.005 max 0.005 D 0.0035 C
Fe
Copper, Max
0.030 0.015 0.010 0.010 0.008 0.05 0.02
Cu
Nickel, Max
0.002 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.005 0.002
Ni
Rare Earth, Total
— — — — — 1.8-3.0 —
RE
Others
0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02
Each
Magnesium
Balance Balance Balance Balance Balance Balance Balance
Mg
A ASTM B94-03, based on die cast part. B Commercial producer specifications, based on ingot. Source: International Magnesium Association.
C In alloys AS41B, AM50A, AM60B and AZ91D, if either the minimum manganese limit or the maximum iron limit is not met, then the iron/man-
ganese ratio shall not exceed 0.010, 0.015, 0.021 and 0.032, respectively. D In alloy AE42, if either the minimum manganese limit or the maximum
iron limit is exceeded, then the permissible iron to manganese ratio shall not exceed 0.020. Source: ASTM B94-94, International Magnesium Assn.
* There are additional magnesium alloys that have been and are being developed for elevated temperature and creep resistant applications. Contact
your alloy producer for more information.

NADCA Alloy Data
A-3-11-06
STANDARD
Table A-3-11 Typical Material Properties: Mg Alloys

Magnesium Die Casting Alloys
Commercial: AZ91D AZ81 AM60B AM50A AM20 AE42 AS41B
Ultimate Tensile Strength B
ksi 34 32 32 32 32 27 33
(MPa) (230) (220) (220) (220) (220) (185) (225)
Yield Strength E B
ksi 23 21 19 18 15 20 20
(MPa) (160) (150) (130) (120) (105) (140) (140)
Compressive Yield Strength H
ksi 24 N/A 19 N/A N/A N/A 20
(MPa) (165) (130) (140)
Elongation B
% in 2 in. (51mm) 3 3 6-8 6-10 8-12 8-10 6
Hardness F
BHN 75 72 62 57 47 57 75
Shear Strength B
ksi 20 20 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
(MPa) (140) (140)
Impact Strength D
ft-lb 1.6 N/A 4.5 7.0 N/A 4.3 3.0
(J) (2.2) (6.1) (9.5) (5.8) (4.1)
Fatigue Strength A
ksi 10 10 10 10 10 N/A N/A
(MPa) (70) (70) (70) (70) (70)
Latent Heat of Fusion
Btu/lb 160 160 160 160 160 160 160
(kJ/kg) (373) (373) (373) (373) (373) (373) (373)
Young’s6 Modulus B
psi x 10 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5
(GPa) (45) (45) (45) (45) (45) (45) (45)
Density
lb/in3 0.066 0.065 0.065 0.064 0.063 0.064 0.064
(g/cm3) (1.81) (1.80) (1.79) (1.78) (1.76) (1.78) (1.78)
Melting Range
°F 875-1105 915-1130 1005-1140 1010-1150 1145-1190 1050-1150 1050-1150
(°C) (470-595) (490-610) (540-615) (543-620) (618-643) (565-620) (565-620)
Specific Heat B
BTU/lb °F 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.24 0.24 0.24
(J/kg °C) (1050) (1050) (1050) (1050) (1000) (1000) (1000)
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion B
μ in/in°F 13.8 13.8 14.2 14.4 14.4 14.5 G 14.5
(μ m/m°K) (25.0) (25.0) (25.6) (26.0) (26.0) (26.1) (26.1)
BTU/ft hr°F 41.8 C 30 B 36 B 36 B 35 B 40 B G 40 B
(W/m °K @) (72) (51) (62) (62) (60) (68) (68)
Electrical Resistivity B
35.8 33.0 31.8 31.8
% IACS @ 22 °C (14.1) (13.0) (12.5) (12.5) N/A N/A N/A
Poisson’s Ratio 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35
n/a = data not available. A Rotating Beam fatigue test according to DIN 50113. Stress corresponding to a lifetime of 5 x 107 cycles. Higher values have
been reported. These are conservative values. Soundness of samples has great effect on fatigue properties resulting in disagreement among data sources.
B At 68oF (20oC). C At 212-572oF (100-300oC). D ASTM E 23 unnotched 0.25 in. die cast bar. E 0.2% offset. F Average hardness based on scattered
data. G Estimated. H 0.1% offset. I Casting conditions may significantly affect mold shrinkage. Source: International Magnesium Assn.
* There are additional magnesium alloys that have been and are being developed for elevated temperature and creep resistant applications. Contact
your alloy producer for more information.

Alloy Data NADCA
A-3-12-06
GUIDELINES
considered in selecting a magnesium alloy for a specific application.
The benefits of consulting a custom die caster experienced in casting the aluminum alloy being
3
Table A-3-12 Die Casting and Other Characteristics: Mg Alloys
Magnesium Die Casting Alloys
Commercial: AZ91D AZ81 AM60B AM50A AM20 AE42 AS41B
Resistance to Cold Defects a 2 2 3G 3G 5G 4G 4G
Pressure Tightness 2 2 1G 1G 1G 1G 1G
Resistance to Hot Cracking B 2 2 2G 2G 1G 2G 1G
Machining Ease & Quality C 1 1 1G 1G 1G 1G 1G
Electroplating Ease & Quality D 2 2 2G 2G 2G — 2G
Surface Treatment E 2 2 1G 1G 1G 1G 1G
Die-Filling Capacity 1 1 2 2 4 2 2
Anit-Soldering to the Die 1 1 1 1 1 2 1
Corrosion Resistance 1 1 1 1 2 1 2
Polishing Ease & Quality 2 2 2 2 4 3 3
Chemical Oxide Protective Coating 2 2 1 1 1 1 1
Strength at Elevated Temperature F 4 4 3 3 5 1 2
A The ability of alloy to resist formation of cold defects; for example, cold shuts, cold cracks, non-fill “woody” areas,
swirls, etc. B Ability of alloy to withstand stresses from contraction while cooling through the hot-short or brittle
temperature range. C Composite rating based on ease of cutting, chip characteristics, quality of finish and tool life. D
Ability of the die casting to take and hold on electroplate applied by present standard methods. E Ability of castings to
be cleaned in standard pickle solutions and to be conditioned for pest paint adhesion. F Rating based on resistance to
creep at elevated temperatures. G Rating based upon limited experience, giving guidance only. Sources: ASTM B94-92,
International Magnesium Association.
* There are additional magnesium alloys that have been and are being developed for elevated temperature and creep
resistant applications. Contact your alloy producer for more information.

Alloy Data
6 Zinc and ZA Alloys
Selecting Zinc and ZA Alloys

Zinc (Zn) alloy die castings offer a broad range of excellent physical and mechanical properties,
castability, and finishing characteristics. Thinner sections can be die cast in zinc alloy than in any
of the commonly used die casting alloys.
Zinc alloy generally allows for greater variation in section design and for the maintenance of
closer dimensional tolerances. The impact strength of zinc components is higher than other die
casting alloys, with the exception of brass. Due to the lower pressures and temperatures under
which zinc alloy is die cast, die life is significantly lengthened and die maintenance minimized.
This zinc alloy subsection presents guideline tables for chemical composition, typical
properties, and die casting, machining and finishing characteristics for the two groups of zinc
die casting alloys. This data can be used in combination with design engineering tolerancing
guidelines for zinc die casting and can be compared with the guidelines for other alloys in this
section and the Design Engineering section.
The zinc alloys include the traditional Zamak (acronym for zinc, aluminum, magnesium and
copper) group, Nos. 2, 3, 5, and 7, and the relatively new high-aluminum or ZA® alloy group,
ZA-8, ZA-12 and ZA-27.
The Zamak alloys all contain nominally 4% aluminum and a small amount of magnesium to
improve strength and hardness and to protect castings from intergranular corrosion. These alloys
all use the rapid-cycling hot-chamber process which allows maximum casting speed.
Miniature zinc die castings can be produced at high volume using special hot-chamber die cast-
ing machines that yield castings which are flash-free, with zero draft and very close tolerances,
requiring no secondary trimming or machining.
Zinc No. 3 is the most widely used zinc alloy in North America, offering the best combination
of mechanical properties, castability, and economics. It can produce castings with intricate detail
and excellent surface finish at high production rates. The other alloys in the Zamak group are
slightly more expensive and are used only where their specific properties are required
Alloys 2 and 5 have a higher copper content, which further strengthens wear resistance, but
at the expense of dimensional and property stability. No. 5 offers higher creep resistance and
somewhat lower ductility and is often preferred whenever these qualities are required. No. 7 is a
special high-purity alloy which has somewhat better fluidity and allows thinner walls to be cast.
The ZA alloys contain substantially more aluminum than the Zamak group, with the numerical
designation representing the ZA alloy’s approximate percent Al content.
The higher aluminum and copper content of the ZA alloys give them several distinct advantages
over the traditional zinc alloys, including higher strength, superior wear resistance, superior
creep resistance and lower densities.
ZA-8, with a nominal aluminum content of 8.4%, is the only ZA alloy that can be cast by the
faster hot-chamber process. It has the highest strength of any hot-chamber zinc alloy, and the
highest creep strength of any zinc alloy.
ZA-12, with a nominal aluminum content of 11%, has properties that fall midway in the ZA
group. ZA-27, with a nominal aluminum content of 27%, has the highest melting point, the highest
strength, and the lowest density of the ZA alloys.
The machining characteristics of the Zamak and ZA alloys are considered very good. High-quality
surface finishes and good productivity are achieved when routine guidelines for machining zinc
are followed.

In many applications, zinc alloy die castings are used without any applied surface finish or
treatment.

Alloy Data NADCA
A-3-13-06
STANDARD
Differences in the polishing, electroplating, anodizing and chemical coating characteristics of

the Zamak and ZA alloys can be noted in table A-3-15.
Painting, chromating, phosphate coating and chrome plating can be used for decorative
finishes. Painting, chromating, anodizing, and iridite coatings can be used as corrosion barriers.
Hard chrome plating can be used to improve wear resistance, with the exception of ZA-27.
The bright chrome plating characteristics of the Zamak alloys and ZA-8 make these alloys a
prevailing choice for hardware applications.
A detailed discussion of fi nishing methods for zinc die castings can be found in Product Design for
Die Casting.
Table A-3-13 Chemical Composition: Zn Alloys

Zamak Die Casting Alloys ZA Die Casting Alloys 3
Commercial: No. 2 No. 3 No. 5 No. 7 ZA-8 ZA-12 ZA-27
ANSI/AA AG-40A AG-41A AG-40B
Nominal Al 4.0 Al 4.0 Al 4.0 Al 4.0 Al 8.4 Al 11.0 Al 27.0

Comp: Mg 0.035 Mg 0.035 Mg 0.055 Mg 0.013 Mg 0.023 Mg 0.023 Mg 0.015
Cu 3.0 Cu 1.0 Cu 0.013 Cu 1.0 Cu 0.88 Cu 2.25
Aluminum
3.5-4.3 3.5-4.3 3.5-4.3 3.5-4.3 8.0-8.8 10.5-11.5 25.0-28.0
Al
Magnesium
0.02-0.05 0.02-0.05 A 0.03-0.08 0.005-0.020 0.015-0.030 0.015-0.030 0.010-0.020
Mg
Copper 0.25 max
2.5-3.0 0.75-1.25 0.25 max 0.8-1.3 0.5-1.2 2.0-2.5
Cu A
Iron
0.10 0.10 0.10 0.075 0.075 0.075 0.075
Fe (max)
Lead
0.005 0.005 0.005 0.003 0.006 0.006 0.006
Pb (max)
Cadmium
0.004 0.004 0.004 0.002 0.006 0.006 0.006
Cd (max)
Tin
0.003 0.003 0.003 0.001 0.003 0.003 0.003
Sn (max)
Nickel
— — — 0.005-0.020 — — —
Ni
Zinc
Balance Balance Balance Balance Balance Balance Balance
Zn
a The magnesium may be as low as 0.015 percent provided that the lead, cadmium and tin do not exceed 0.003, 0.003
and 0.001 percent, respectively. B For the majority of commercial applications, a copper content in the range of 0.25-
0.75 percent will not adversely affect the serviceability of die castings and should not serve as a basis for rejection.
Sources: ASTM B86 and ASTM B791,

NADCA Alloy Data
A-3-14-06
STANDARD
Table A-3-14 Typical Material Properties: Zn and ZA Alloys

Zamak Die Casting Alloys ZA Die Casting Alloys
Commercial: No. 2 No. 3 No. 5 No. 7 ZA-8 ZA-12 ZA-27
AG-40A AG-41A AG-40B
As-Cast ksi (MPa) 52 (359) 41 (283) 48 (328) 41 (283) 54 (372) 59 (400) 62 (426)
Aged kis (MPa) 48 (331) 35 (241) 39 (269) 41 (283) 43 (297) 45 (310) 52 (359)
Yield Strength a
As-Cast ksi (MPa) 41 (283) 32 (221) 39 (269) 32 (221) 41-43 (283-296) 45-48 (310-331) 52-55 (359-379)
Aged ksi (MPa) 32 (224) 35 (245) 46 (322)
Compressive Yield Strength B
As-Cast kis (MPa) 93 (641) 60 (414) C 87 (600) C 60 (414) C 37 (252) 39 (269) 52 (358)
Aged ksi (MPa) 93 (641) 60 (414) 87 (600) 60 (414) 25 (172) 27 (186) 37 (255)
Elongation
As-Cast % in 2 in. (51mm) 7 10 7 13 6-10 4-7 2.0-3.5
Aged % in 2 in. (51mm) 2 16 13 18 20 10 3
Hardness D
As-Cast BHN 100 82 91 80 100-106 95-105 116-122
Aged BHN 98 72 80 67 91 91 100
Shear Strength
As-Cast ksi (MPa) 46 (317) 31 (214) 38 (262) 31 (214) 40 (275) 43 (296) 47 (325)
Aged ksi (MPa) 46 (317) 31 (214) 38 (262) 31 (214) 33 (228) 33 (228) 37 (255)
Impact Strength
As-Cast ft-lb 35 43 E 48 E 43 E 24-35 E 15-27 E 7-12 E
Aged ft-lb 5 41 40 41 13 14 3.5
(J) (47.5) (58) (65) (58) (32-48) (20-37) (9-16)
Fatigue Strength F
As-Cast ksi (MPa) 8.5 (58.6) 6.9 (47.6) 8.2 (56.5) 6.9 (47.6) 15 (103) — 21 (145)
Aged ksi (MPa) 8.5 (58.6) 6.9 (47.6) 8.2 (56.5) 6.8 (46.9) 15 (103) — 21 (145)
Young’s Modulus
psi x 10 6 12.4 12 11.3
(GPa) g g g g (85.5) (83) (77.9)
Density
lb/in3 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.227 0.218 0.181
(g/cm3) (6.6) (6.6) (6.6) (6.6) (6.3) (6.03) (5.000)
Melting Range
°F 715-734 718-728 717-727 718-728 707-759 710-810 708-903
(°C) (379-390) (381-387) (380-386) (381-387) (375-404) (377-432) (372-484)
Specific Heat
BTU/lb °F 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.104 0.107 0.125
(J/kg °C) (419) (419) (419) (419) (435) (450) (525)
μ in/in°F x 10 -6 15.4 15.2 15.2 15.2 12.9 13.4 14.4
(μ m/m°K) (27.8) (27.4) (27.4) (27.4) (23.2) (24.1) (26.0)
BTU/ft hr°F 60.5 65.3 62.9 65.3 66.3 67.1 72.5
(W/m °K) (104.7) (113) (109) (113) (115) (116) (122.5)
μ Ω in. 25.0 27.0 26.0 27.0 27.7 28.3 29.7
Poisson’s Ratio 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30
a 0.2% offset, strain rate sensitive, values obtained at a strain rate of 0.125/min (12.5% per minute). B 0.1% offset. C Compressive strength. D
500 kg load, 10 mm ball. E ASTM 23 unnotched 0.25 in. die cast bar. F Rotary Bend 5 x 108 cycles. G Varies with stress level; applicable only for
short-duration loads. Use 107 as a first approximation. Source: International Lead Zinc Research Organization.

Alloy Data NADCA
A-3-15-06
GUIDELINES
considered in selecting a zinc alloy for a specific application.
The benefits of consulting a custom die caster experienced in casting the zinc alloy being consid-
ered are clear.
3
Table A-3-15 Die Casting and Other Characteristics: Zn and ZA Alloys
Zamak Die Casting Alloys
Commercial: ANSI/AA No. 2 No. 3 No. 5 No. 7 ZA-8 ZA-12 ZA-27
AG-40A AG-41A AG-40B
Resistance to Hot Cracking a 1 1 2 1 2 3 4
Pressure Tightness 3 1 2 1 3 3 4
Casting Ease 1 1 1 1 2 3 3
Part Complexity 1 1 1 1 2 3 3
Dimensional Accuracy 4 2 2 1 2 3 4
Dimensional Stability 2 3 3 2 2 2 1
Corrosion Resistance 2 3 3 2 2 2 1
Resistance to Cold Defects A 2 2 2 1 2 3 4
Machining Ease & Quality C 1 1 1 1 2 3 4
Polishing Ease & Quality 2 1 1 1 2 3 4
Electroplating Ease & Quality D 1 1 1 1 1 2 3
Anodizing (Protection) 1 1 1 1 1 2 2
Chemical Coating (Protection) 1 1 1 1 2 3 3
A The ability of alloy to resist formation of cold defects; for example, cold shuts, cold cracks, non-fill “woody” areas, swirls, etc. B Ability of
alloy to withstand stresses from contraction while cooling through the hot-short or brittle temperature range. C Composite rating based on ease
of cutting. Chip characteristics, quality of finish and tool life. D Ability of the die casting to take and hold an electroplate applied by present
standard methods. Source: International Lead Zinc Research Organization.

Alloy Data
7 Selecting An Alloy Family
Overview
Although this product specifications standards document addresses copper and metal matrix
composites (MMC), the four main alloy families are Aluminum, Zinc, Magnesium, and Zinc-Alumi-
num. This subsection is presented to assist in selecting an alloy family, which is the precursor to
selecting a specific alloy within a family. Information on selecting the specific alloys is presented
at the beginning or each alloy family subsection.
Typical considerations in selecting an alloy family include; alloy cost and weight, die casting
process cost, structural properties, surface finish, corrosion resistance, bearing properties and
corrosion resistance, machinability, thermal properties, and shielding (EMI/electrical conductivity).
Cost & Weight

Alloy cost and weight is an important factor in the overall product cost, therefore the amount or
volume of material used should be taken into consideration. Aluminum alloys usually yield the
lowest cost per unit volume. Magnesium and zinc can be competitive because they can generally
be cast with thinner walls, thereby reducing the volume of alloy needed. If weight minimization
is the over-riding factor, magnesium alloys are the choice to make. It should be noted that zinc
alloys have a distinct advantage in the production of miniature parts and may be the dominant
choice if the casting configuration is of a very small size.
Another important component of the overall product cost is the die casting process. Alloys
produced by the hot chamber process such as magnesium and much of the zinc are typically run
in smaller die casting machines and at higher production rates then those produced by the cold
chamber process such as aluminum and zinc-aluminum.
Tooling production maintenance and replacement costs can be significant. Tooling for zinc
generally lasts longer than aluminum and magnesium tooling. This is due primarily to the higher
casting temperatures of aluminum and magnesium.
Structural Properties
Each alloy has a unique set of properties. However, if one is in search of one or two properties
that are most important for a specific design or interested in which properties are characteristic
of an alloy family, the following generalizations may be helpful. Aluminum alloys yield the highest
modulus of elasticity. Magnesium alloys offer the highest strength-to-weight ratio and the best
dampening characteristics. The zinc alloys offer the highest ductility and impact strength. The ZA
alloys offer the highest tensile and yield strength.
Surface Finish and Coatings

Whether a high surface finish is for functional or aesthetic reasons, it is often a requirement.
As-cast surface finishes are best achieved with zinc and magnesium alloys. Zinc alloys most readily
accept electro-coatings and decorative finishes. The relatively higher temperature resistance of
the aluminum alloys makes them best suited for elevated temperature coating processes.
Corrosion Resistance
Corrosion resistance varies from alloy family to alloy family and within an alloy family. If corro-
sion resistance is a concern, it can be improved with surface treatments and coatings. Refer to
the information on selecting specific alloys at the beginning of each alloy family subsection to see
which specific alloys yield higher corrosion resistance.
Bearing Properties and Wear Resistance

The ZA alloys and some of the aluminum alloys are more resistant to abrasion and wear then
the other die casting alloys. As for corrosion resistance, abrasion and wear resistance can be
improved with surface treatments and coatings.

Alloy Data
Machinability
Even though die castings can be produced to net or near-net shape, machining is often required.
When required, machining is easily accomplished on all of the die casting alloys. Magnesium,
however offers the best machinability in terms of tool life, achievable finish, low cutting forces and
energy consumption.
Thermal Properties and Shielding

Aluminum alloys are typically the best choice for heat transfer applications with zinc alloys as a close
second. Aluminum and zinc alloys are top choices for electrical conductivity. Of the die casting alloys,
magnesium alloys offer the best shielding of electromagnetic emissions.
3
8 Quick Guide to Alloy Family Selection
A luminum Mag nesium Zinc Zinc-A luminum

Lowest cost per Can compete with Effective production of
unit volume. aluminum if thinner miniature parts. Significant
wall sections are used. long-term tooling cost sav-
Cost
Faster hot-chamber ings (tooling lasts 3-5 times
process possible on longer than aluminum).
smaller parts.
Second lowest in Lowest density. Heaviest of die cast alloys, Weight reduction as
density next to but castable with thinner compared with the Zinc
Weight magnesium. walls than aluminum, family of alloys.
which can offset the weight
disadvantage.
Highest Modulus Highest strength-to- Highest ductility and impact Highest tensile and
Structural of Elasticity weight ration, best strength. yield strength.
Properties vibration dampening
characteristics.
Good choice for Good as-cast Best as-cast surface finish
Surface Finish coating processes surface finishes can be readily accepts electro-coat-
& Coatings that require high achieved. ings and decorative finishes.
temperatures.
Wear Resistance * * * Best as-cast wear resist.
Corrosion
* * * *
Resistance
Good Best machinability Good Good
in terms of tool-life,
Machinability achievable finish, low
cutting forces and
energy consumption.
Thermal Best choice for Electro-magnetic Best electrical conductor.
Properties, heat transfer. shielding Good heat transfer
Conductive, & Good electrical
Electromagnetic conductivity
Shielding
* Wear and corrosion resistance can be improved in all alloys through surface treatments and coatings.

Alloy Data
9 Elevated Temperature Properties
Elevated Temperature Properties of Aluminum —

Alloy Temp °F (°C) Tensile ksi (Mpa) Yield ksi (Mpa) Elong %
-112° (-80°) 50 (345) 25 (172) 2
-18° (-26°) 48 (330) 25 (172) 2
68° (20°) 44 (303) 25 (172) 2.5
212° (100°) 44 (303) 25 (172) 2.5
360 300° (150°) 35 (241) 24 (166) 4
400° (205°) 22 (152) 14 (97) 8
500° (260°) 12 (83) 7.5 (52) 20
600° (315°) 7 (48) 4.5 (31) 35
700° (370°) 4.5 (31) 3 (21) 40
-112° (-80°)
-18° (-26°)
68° (20°) 46 (317) 24 (166) 3.5
212° (100°) 43 (296) 24 (166) 3.5
A360 300° (150°) 34 (234) 23 (159) 5
400° (205°) 21 (145) 13 (90) 14
500° (260°) 11 (76) 6.5 (45) 30
600° (315°) 6.5 (45) 4 (28) 45
700° (370°) 4 (30) 2.5 (15) 45
-112° (-80°) 49 (338) 23 (159) 2.5
-18° (-26°) 49 (338) 23 (159) 3
68° (20°) 46 (317) 23 (159) 3.5
212° (100°) 45 (310) 24 (166) 4
380 300° (150°) 34 (234) 22 (152) 5
400° (205°) 24 (165) 16 (110) 8
500° (260°) 13 (90) 8 (55) 20
600° (315°) 7 (48) 4 (28) 30
700° (370°) 4 (28) 2.5 (17) 35
-112° (-80°)
-18° (-26°)
68° (20°) 47 (324) 23 (159) 3.5
212° (100°) 44 (303) 23 (159) 5
A380 300° (150°) 33 (228) 21 (145) 10
400° (205°) 23 (159) 15 (103) 15
500° (260°) 12 (83) 7 (48) 30
600° (315°) 6 (41) 6 (41) 45
The values in this table are from various sources and represent typical values. These values do not represent design
minimums and should be used for reference only.

Alloy Data
Elevated Temperature Properties of Aluminum —

Alloy Temp °F (°C) Tensile ksi (Mpa) Yield ksi (Mpa) Elong %
-112° (-80°)
-18° (-26°)
68° (20°) 48 (330) 24 (165) 2.5
212° (100°) 44 (303) 24 (165) 2.5
384 300° (150°) 38 (262) 24 (165) 5
400° (205°) 26 (179) 18 (124) 6
500° (260°) 14 (97) 9 (62) 25
600° (315°) 7 (48) 4 (28) 45
-112° (-80°) 3
-18° (-26°)
68° (20°) 46 (317) 36 (250) <1
212° (100°) 41 (283) 27 (186) 1
390 300° (150°) 37 (255) 1
400° (205°) 29 (200) 1
500° (260°) 19 (131) 2
600° (315°)
-112° (-80°) 45 (310) 21 (145) 2
-18° (-26°) 44 (303) 21 (145) 2
68° (20°) 42 (290) 19 (131) 3.5
212° (100°) 37 (255) 19 (131) 5
13 300° (150°) 32 (221) 19 (131) 8
400° (205°) 24 (166) 15 (103) 15
500° (260°) 13 (90) 9 (62) 29
600° (315°) 7 (48) 5 (34) 35
-112° (-80°) 35 (241) 16 (110) 12
-18° (-26°) 35 (241) 16 (110) 13
68° (20°) 33 (228) 14 (97) 9
212° (100°) 28 (193) 14 (97) 9
43 300° (150°) 22 (152) 14 (97) 10
400° (205°) 16 (110) 12 (83) 25
500° (260°) 9 (62) 6 (41) 30
600° (315°) 5 (34) 4 (28) 35
-112° (-80°) 51 (352) 29 (200) 14
-18° (-26°) 50 (345) 29 (200) 10
68° (20°) 44 (310) 28 (193) 5
212° (100°) 40 (276) 25 (172) 8
218 300° (150°) 32 (221) 21 (145) 25
400° (205°) 21 (145) 15 (104) 40
500° (260°) 13 (90) 9 (62) 45
600° (315°) 9 (62) 5 (34) 46
The values in this table are from various sources and represent typical values. These values do not represent design
minimums and should be used for reference only.

Alloy Data
Impact Strength of Aluminum A380 Die Casting Alloy as a Function of Temperature

Temperature (°C) Impact Strength (ft.lb) Standard Deviation
-190 4.47 0.92
-100 4.92 0.80
-50 5.20 0.90
0 5.66 0.93
25 5.91 0.95
100 6.43 0.89
150 6.66 0.94
240 6.83 0.88
The values in this table are from various sources and represent typical values. These values do not represent design minimums
and should be used for reference only.

Alloy Data
Elevated Temperature Properties of As-Cast Zinc —

Alloy Temp °F Tensile kis Elong %
-40° 47.4 3
-18° 47.1 4
70° 41 10
3 100° 39.1 16
150° 34.8
212° 28.2 30 3
300° 18.1
-40° 54.3 2
-18° 53.6 3
70° 48 7
5 100° 46.4 13
150° 42.3
212° 35.5 23
300° 19.8
-40° 59.7
-18° 58.7
70° 54 8
8 100° 49.3
150° 42.7
212° 33.3
300° 19.5
The values in this table are from various sources and represent typical values. These values
do not represent design minimums and should be used for reference only.

Alloy Data
10 Property Comparison
Compet it ive Performance
ZAMAK ZAMAK ZA-8*** ZA-12*** ZA-27***

3** 5**
Alloy Property Die Die Sand Perm Die Sand Perm Die Sand Perm
Cast Cast Cast Mold Cast Cast Mold Cast Cast Mold

psi x103 41 48 38 35 54 43 48 59 61 64
(MPa) (283) (331) (263) (240) (374) (299) (328) (404) (421) (441)
Yield Strength
psi x103 32 33 29 30 42 31 39 46 54 55
(MPa) (221) (228) (198) (208) (290) (211) (268) (320) (371) (376)
Elongation
% in 2in. 10 7 1.7 1.3 8 1.5 2.2 5 4.6 2.5
Young’s Modulus
psi x10 6 > 12.4 > 12.4 12.4 12.4 12.4 12.0 12.0 12.0 11.3 11.3
(MPa x 103) (> 85.5) (> 85.5) (85.5) (85.5) (85.5) (82.7) (82.7) (82.7) (77.9) (77.9)
Torsional Modulus
psi x10 6 > 4.8 > 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.3 4.3
(MPa x 103) (> 33.1) (> 33.1) (33.1) (33.1) (33.1) (31.7) (31.7) (31.7) (29.6) (29.6)
Shear Strength
psi x103 31 38 35 40 37 > 35 43 42
N/A N/A
(MPa) (214) (262) (241) (275) (253) (241) (296) (292)
Hardness
(Brinell) 82 91 85 87 103 94 89 100 113 114
Impact Strength
ft-lb 43 48 15 31 19 21 35
N/A N/A N/A
J (58) (65) (20) (42) (25) (29) (48)
Fatigue Strength Rotoary Bedn (5 x 106 cycles)

psi x103 6.9 8.2 7.5 15 15 17 25
N/A N/A N/A
(MPa) (47.6) (56.5) (57.1) (103) (103) (117) (172)
Compressive Yield Strength 0.1% Offset

psi x103 60 87 29 31 37 33 34 39 48
N/A
(MPa) (414) (600) (199) (210) (252) (230) (235) (269) (330)
* Minimum Properties
** Complies with ASTM specification B86.
*** Complies with ASTM specification B669.

Alloy Data
Char t
Aluminum Magnesium Iron Plastic
380 319 356-T6 713 -F* 6061-T6 AZ-91D AM60B Clas 30 32510
Die Die Sand Sand Sand Wrought Die Die Gray Cast Malleable ABS Nylon 6
Cast Cast Cast Cast Cast Cast Cast Iron Iron (30%
Glass
Filled)
3
62 47 27 33 32 45 34 32 31 50 8 22
(426) (324) (186) (228) (220) (310) (234) (220) (214) (345)
54 24 18 24 22 40 23 19 18 32
(371) (165) (124) (165) (150) (276) (159) (130) (124) (221)
2.5 3.0 2 3.5 3 17 3 7 nil 10 7
11.3 10.3 10.7 10.5 6.5 6.5 13-16 25 1 1.5

— —
(77.9) (71.0) (73.8) (72.4) (44.8) (44.8) (89.6) (172.4)
4.3 3.9 4.0 3.9 2.4 9.3

— — N/A N/A
(29.6) (26.9) (27.6) (26.9) (16.5) (64.1)
47 27 22 26 30 20 43 45
— N/A
(325) (186) (152) (179) (—) (138) 296 (310)
119 80 70 70 60-90 95 63 62 170-269 110-156
9 3 4 8 2.7 5 40-65
— — nil
(13) (4) (5) (11) (3.7) (6) (54-88)
21 20 10 8.5 14 14 10 14 28 0.15 0.3

—
(145) (138) (69) (58.6) (—) (97) (70) (97) (193)
52 19 25 23 19 109
N/A — — N/A
(359) (131) (172) (159) (130) (752)

Alloy Data
Compet it ive Performance
ZAMAK ZAMAK ZA-8*** ZA-12*** ZA-27***

Alloy Property 3** 5**
Die Die Sand Perm Die Cast Sand Perm Die Sand Perm Mold
Cast Cast Cast Mold Cast Mold Cast Cast
Density
lb/in3 0.24 0.24 0.227 0.227 0.227 0.218 0.218 0.218 0.181 0.181
(Kg/cm3) (6600) (6600) (6300) (6300 (6300 (6030) (6030) (6030) (5000) (5000)
Melting Range
°F 718-728 717-727 707-759 707-759 707-759 710-810 710-810 710-810 708-903 708-903
(°C) (381-387) (380-386) (375-404) (375-404 (375-404 (377-432) (377-432) (377-432) (376-484) (376-484)
% IACS 27 26 27.7 27.7 27.7 28.3 28.3 28.3 29.7 29.7
BTU/ft hr°F 65.3 62.9 66.3 66.3 66.3 67.1 67.1 67.1 72.5 72.5
(W/m °K) (113.0) (108.9) (114.7) (114.7) (114.7) (116.1) (116.1 (116.1 (125.5) (125.5)

1/°F x 10 -6 15.2 15.2 12.9 12.9 12.9 13.4 13.4 13.4 14.4 14.4
(1/°C x 10 -6) (27.4) (27.4) (23.3) (23.3) 23.3) (24.2) (24.2) (24.2) (26.0) (26.0)
Pattern Shrinkage
in/in or mm/mm 0.006 0.006 0.010 0.010 0.007 0.013 0.013 0.0075 0.013 0.013

Alloy Data
Char t
Aluminum Magnesium Iron
380 319 356-T6 713 -F* 6061-T6 AZ-91D AM60B Clas 30 32510
Die Cast Die Cast Sand Sand Sand Wrought Die Cast Die Gray Cast Malleable
Cast Cast Cast Cast Iron Iron
0.181 0.098 0.101 0.097 0.100 0.066 0.065 0.25 0.26

(5000) (2713) (2796) (2685) (—)
—
(1827) (1790) (6920) (7198) 3
708-903 1000-1100 960-1120 1035-1135 1100-1180 1080-1205 875-1105 1005-1140 >2150 >2250
(376-484) (538-593) (516-604) (557-613) (593-638) (—) (468-596) (540-615) (>1177) (>1232)
29.7 27 27 39 30 43 11.5 N/A N/A 6
72.5 55.6 65.5 87 97 41.8 36 28-30 N/A

—
(125.5) (96.2) (113.4) (151) (168) (72.3) (62) (48-52)
14.4 11.8 11.9 11.9 13.4 13.1 14 14.2 6.7 6.6

(26.0) (21.2) (21.4) (21.4) (24.2) (23.7) (25.2) (25.6) (12.1) (11.9)
0.008 0.006 N/A N/A — N/A N/A 0.010 0.010

Alloy Data
11 Cross Reference: Alloy Designations and Alloy Compositions
Cross Reference of Equivalent A luminum A lloy Specif icat ions and Desig nat ions
Designation
Q Q - A - 371c .
A A Number
No. System
Old ASTM
Germany
Kingdom
ASTM or
Unif ied
Fo r m e r
Canada
United
Japan
ANSI
UNS
SAE
ISO
JISH
360 360 AO3601 309 SG 100B 360 — LM2 530Z — —
ADC3
A360 A360 AO3602 309 SG 100A 360 — — — GD-AlSi10Mg Al-Si10Mg
JISH
380 380 AO3801 306.308 SC84A-B 380 143 LM24 5302 — —
ADC10
A380 A380 AO3802 306.308 SC84-A 380 — — — GD-AlSi8Cu Al-Si8Cu3Fe
JISH
383 383 AO3831 306.308 — — — — 5302 — —
ADC12
384 384 AO3841 313 SC114A 384 A143 LM26 — — —
A384 A384 AO3842 303 SC114A 384 — — — — —
390 — AO3902 — — — — LM28 — — —
B390 — AO3901 — — — — — — — —
JISH
413 13 AO4131 305 S12A.B 13 162 LM6 5302 — —
ADC1
A413 A13 A14132 305 S12A 13 — — — — —
443 43 AO4431 35 S5B 43 123 LM18 — — —
518 218 AO5181 — — 218 340 — — — —

Alloy Data
Internat ional A luminum A lloy Composit ions

JA PA N
Cu Mg Si Fe Mn Ni Zn Pb Sn Ti Each Total
JISH5 302ADC1 1.0 0.3 11.0-13.0 1.3 0.3 0.5 0.5 — 0.1 — — —
JISH5 302ADC3 0.6 0.4-0.6 9.0-10.0 1.3 0.3 0.5 0.5 — 0.1 — — —
JISH5 302ADC10 20.-4.0 0.3 7.5-9.5 1.3 0.3 0.5 1.0 — 0.3 — — —
JISH5 302ADC12 1.5-3.5 0.3 9.6-12.0 1.3 0.3 0.5 1.0 — 0.3 — — —
UNITED KINGDOM
3
B.S.1490 Cu Mg Si Fe Mn Ni Zn Pb Sn Ti Others
LM2 0.7-2.5 0.30 9.0-11.5 1.0 0.5 0.5 2.0 0.3 0.2 0.2 —
LM6 0.1 0.10 10.0-13.0 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.05 0.2 —
LM18 0.1 0.10 4.5-6.0 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.05 0.2 —
LM24 3.0-4.0 0.30 7.5-9.5 1.3 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 —
LM26 2.0-4.0 0.5-1.5 8.5-10.5 1.2 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 —
GERMANY
Cu Mg Si Fe Mn Ni Zn Pb Sn Ti Each Total
GD-Al-Si8Cu3 2.0-3.5 0-0.3 7.5-9.5 1.3 0.2-0.5 0.3 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.15 0.05 0.15
GD-Al-Si10Mg 0.10 0.20-0.50 9.0-11.0 1.0 0-0.4 — 0.1 — — 0.15 0.05 0.15
ISO
Cu Mg Si Fe Mn Ni Zn Pb Sn Ti Each
Al-Si8Cu3Fe 2.5-4.0 0.3 max 7.5-9.5 1.3 0.6 0.5 1.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.5 max
max max max max max max max
Al-Si10Mg 0.1 0.15-0.40 9.0-11..0 0.6 0.6 0.05 0.1 0.05 0.05 0.2 —
max max max max max max max max
C R O S S R E F E R E N C E O F E Q U I VA L E N T M AG N E S I U M
A L L OY S P E C I F I C AT I O N S A N D D E S I G N AT I O N S
U.S.A STM ISO 16220 EN-1753/1997
AX91D MgAl9Zn1 AZ91
AM60B MgAl6Mn AM60
AM50A MgAl5Mn AM50
AM20 MgAl2Mn AM20
AS21 MgAl2Si AS21
AS41B MgAl4Si AS41

Alloy Data
Cross Reference of Equivalent Mag nesium A lloy Specif icat ions and Desig nat ions
U. S. ASTM %Al %Zn %Mn %Si % Fe %Cu %Ni 0 E a c h Fe/ M n M a x .
AZ91D 8.3-9.7 0.35-1.0 0.15-0.50 0.10 0.005 0.030 0.002 0.01 0.032***
AM60B 5.5-6.5 0.22 0.24-0.6 0.10 0.005 0.010 0.002 0.02 0.021**
AM50A 4.4-5.4 0.22 0.26-0.6 0.10 0.004 0.010 0.002 0.02 0.015**
AM20 — — — — — — — — —
AS21 — — — — — — — — —
AS41B 3.5-5.0 0.12 0.35-0.7 0.50-1.5 0.0065 0.02 0.002 0.02 0.010**
ISO 16220
MgAl9Zn1 8.3-9.7 0.35-1.0 0.15-0.50 0.10 0.005 0.030 0.002 0.01 0.032**
MgAl6Mn 5.5-6.5 0.2 0.2 0.24-0.60 0.10 0.005 0.010 0.002 0.01 0.021*
MgAl5Mn 4.4-5.5 0.2 0.26-0.60 0.10 0.004 0.010 0.002 0.01 0.015*
MgAl2Mn 1.6-2.6 0.2 0.33-0.70 0.10 0.004 0.010 0.002 0.01 0.012*
MgAl2Si 1.8-2.6 0.2 0.18-0.70 0.7-1.2 0.004 0.010 0.002 0.01 0.022*
MgAl4Si 3.5-5.0 0.2 0.18-0.70 0.5-1.5a 0.004 0.010 0.002 0.01 0.022*
EN-1753/1997
AZ91 8.3-9.7 0.35-1.0 min. 0.1 0.10 0.005 0.030 0.002 0.01 —
AM60 5.5-6.5 0.2 min. 0.1 0.10 0.005 0.010 0.002 0.01 —
AM50 4.4-5.5 0.2 min. 0.1 0.10 0.005 0.010 0.002 0.01 —
AM20 1.6-2.6 0.2 min. 0.1 0.10 0.005 0.010 0.002 0.01 —
AS21 1.8-2.6 0.2 min. 0.1 0.7-1.2 0.005 0.010 0.002 0.01 —
AS41 3.5-5.0 0.2 min. 0.1 0.50-1.5 0.005 0.010 0.002 0.01 —
Cross Reference of Equivalent Zinc A lloy Specif icat ions and Desig nat ions
U. S. United
ASTM SAE Canada Japan Germany ISA EN
Commercial Kingdom
#3 AG40A 903 AG40 A Class 2 Z400 ZnAl4 ZnAl4P
#5 AC41A 905 — B Class 1 Z410 ZnAl4Cu1 ZnAl4Cu1P
Cross Reference of Equivalent Zinc A lloy Specif icat ions and Desig nat ions
E N 12 8 4 4 % Al % Cu % Mg % Pb % Cd % Sn % Fe % Ni % Si
ZnAl4-P 3.7-4.3 0.1 0.025-0.06 0.005 0.005 0.002 0.05 0.02 0.03
ZnAl4Cu1-P 3.7-4.3 0.7-1.3 0.4-0.6 0.005 0.005 0.002 0.05 0.02 0.03

Alloy Data 3

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Alloy Data SECTION

NADCA Product Specification Standards for Die Castings / 2006 3-1

The cross reference

FED — Federal F3N.20S-F 360/SiC/20p

3-2 NADCA Product Specification Standards for Die Castings / 2006

Copper Alloy Specifications

Magnesium Alloy Specifications

3 Z33520 AG40A 903 AG40A 1743 ZDC-2 SAE — Society of

7 Z33523 AG40B — AG40B FED — Federal

NADCA Product Specification Standards for Die Castings / 2006 3-3

Selecting Aluminum Alloys

Surface Treatment Systems

3-4 NADCA Product Specification Standards for Die Castings / 2006

Table A-3-1 Chemical Composition: Al Alloys

Aluminum Die Casting Alloys a

NADCA Product Specification Standards for Die Castings / 2006 3-5

Table A-3-2 Typical Material Properties: Al Alloys

3-6 NADCA Product Specification Standards for Die Castings / 2006

NADCA Product Specification Standards for Die Castings / 2006 3-7

3 Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites

Selecting Aluminum Composites

Surface Treatment Systems

3-8 NADCA Product Specification Standards for Die Castings / 2006

Table A-3-4 Chemical Coomposition: Al-MMC Alloys

Duralcan Aluminum Metal Matrix Composite Alloys

Source: Alcan ECP Canada

NADCA Product Specification Standards for Die Castings / 2006 3-9

Table A-3-5 Typical Material Properties: Al-MMC Alloys

3-10 NADCA Product Specification Standards for Die Castings / 2006

Resistance to Hot Cracking a 1 1 1 1

NADCA Product Specification Standards for Die Castings / 2006 3-11

Selecting Copper (Brass) Alloys

Surface Finishing Systems

3-12 NADCA Product Specification Standards for Die Castings / 2006

Copper Die Casting Alloys a

NADCA Product Specification Standards for Die Castings / 2006 3-13

Table A-3-8 Typical Material Properties: Cu Alloys

3-14 NADCA Product Specification Standards for Die Castings / 2006

NADCA Product Specification Standards for Die Castings / 2006 3-15

Selecting Magnesium Alloys

Surface Treatment Systems

3-16 NADCA Product Specification Standards for Die Castings / 2006

Table A-3-10 Chemical Composition: Mg Alloys

Magnesium Die Casting Alloys a

NADCA Product Specification Standards for Die Castings / 2006 3-17

Table A-3-11 Typical Material Properties: Mg Alloys

3-18 NADCA Product Specification Standards for Die Castings / 2006

NADCA Product Specification Standards for Die Castings / 2006 3-19

6 Zinc and ZA Alloys

Selecting Zinc and ZA Alloys

Surface Treatment Systems

3-20 NADCA Product Specification Standards for Die Castings / 2006

Differences in the polishing, electroplating, anodizing and chemical coating characteristics of

Table A-3-13 Chemical Composition: Zn Alloys

Nominal Al 4.0 Al 4.0 Al 4.0 Al 4.0 Al 8.4 Al 11.0 Al 27.0

NADCA Product Specification Standards for Die Castings / 2006 3-21

Table A-3-14 Typical Material Properties: Zn and ZA Alloys

3-22 NADCA Product Specification Standards for Die Castings / 2006

NADCA Product Specification Standards for Die Castings / 2006 3-23

7 Selecting An Alloy Family

Cost & Weight

Surface Finish and Coatings

ZAMAK ZAMAK ZA-8* ZA-12* ZA-27***

ZAMAK ZAMAK ZA-8* ZA-12* ZA-27***