QMT400: PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS Test 2

1

TEST 2



ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS.


QUESTION 1

a) Cartons of fruit juice are such that the volumes of the contents are normally
distributed with mean 1010ml and standard deviation 8ml.
(i) Find the probability that a particular carton contains more than 1004ml of fruit
juice.
(ii) Given that 8% of the cartons are rejected for containing too much juice, find
the maximum volume, to the nearest ml, that a carton must contain if it is to
be accepted.
(iii) The label on the carton states that the carton contains 1 litre of fruit juice.
How many cartons in a batch of 2000 would be expected to contain less than
this amount?

b) A machine produces boxes of detergent whose contents have masses that are
normally distributed with a standard deviation of 5 grams. Given that 9% of these
boxes contain more than 1015.7 grams, calculate the mean mass of the contents of
these boxes.

a)
( )
2
X ~N 1010,8

i) ( ) P X 1004 >

( )
( )
1004 1010
P Z
8
P Z 0.75
1 P Z 0.75
1 0.2266
0.7734
| |
= >
|
\ .
= >
= >
=
=



ii) ( ) P X a 0.08 > =

( )
a 1010
P Z P Z 1.4
8
a 1010
1.4
8
a 1021.2
| |
> = >
|
\ .

=
=


The maximum volume to the nearest ml is 1021ml.




QMT400: PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS Test 2

2
iii) ( ) P X 1000 <

( )
( )
1000 1010
P Z
8
P Z 1.25
P Z 1.25
0.1056
| |
= <
|
\ .
= <
= >
=


Number of cartons 2000 0.1056 211.2 211 = = ~

b)
( )
2
X ~ N ,5

( )
( )
P X 1015.7 0.09
1015.7
P Z P Z 1.34
5
1015.7
1.34
5
1009
> =
| |
> = >
|
\ .

=
=



QUESTION 2

Consider a ferry that can carry both buses and cars on a trip across a waterway. Each trip
costs the owner approximately $10. The fee for cars is $3 and the fee for buses is $8. Let X
and Y denote the number of buses and cars, respectively, carried on a given trip. The joint
distribution of X and Y is given by

x
y 0 1 2
0
1
2
3
4
5
0.01
0.03
0.03
0.07
0.12
0.08
0.01
0.08
0.06
0.07
0.04
0.06
0.03
0.07
0.06
0.13
0.03
0.02

a) Find the marginal densities for X and Y.

x 0 1 2
f(x) 0.34 0.32 0.34

y 0 1 2 3 4 5
h(y) 0.05 0.18 0.15 0.27 0.19 0.16






QMT400: PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS Test 2

3
b) Calculate the expected number of buses, E(X) and expected number of cars, E(Y).

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 34 . 0 2 32 . 0 1 34 . 0 0 = + + = X E

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 85 . 2 16 . 0 5 19 . 0 4 27 . 0 3 15 . 0 2 18 . 0 1 05 . 0 0 = + + + + + = Y E

c) Calculate the expected profit for the ferry trip.

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 55 . 6 $ 10 1 8 85 . 2 3 10 8 3 Pr = + = + = X E Y E ofit E

QUESTION 3

A chemical system that results from a chemical reaction has two important components
among others in a blend. The joint distribution describing the proportion X
1
and X
2
of these
two components is given by

( )

< < <

=
elsewhere 0
1 x 0 2
,
2 1
2 1
x
x x f

a) Give the marginal distribution of X
1
.

( ) | | ( ) 1 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 2
1
2 1
1
1
= = = =
}
x x x dx x f
x
x


( )
( )

< <
=
otherwise 0
1 0 1 2
1 1
1
x x
x f

b) Give the marginal distribution of X
2
.

( ) | |
2 0 2
01
1 2
2 2 2
2
2
x x dx x f
x
x
= = =
}


( )

< <
=
otherwise 0
1 0 2
2 2
2
x x
x f

c) What is the probability that component proportions produce the results X
1
< 0.2 and
X
2
> 0.5?

( ) | | | | 2 . 0 4 . 0 4 . 0 2 2 5 . 0 , 2 . 0
1
5 . 0 2
1
5 . 0
2
1
5 . 0
2
2 . 0
0 1
1
5 . 0
2 . 0
0
2 1 2 1
= = = = = > <
} } } }
x dx dx x dx dx x x P


QMT400: PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS Test 2

4

d) Give the conditional distribution ( ). |
2 1 |
2 1
x x f
x x


( )
( )
( )
2 2 2
2 1
2 1 |
1
2
2 ,
|
2 1
x x x f
x x f
x x f
x x
= = =


( )

< <
=
otherwise 0
0
1
|
2 1
2 2 1 |
2 1
x x
x x x f
x x






END OF TEST 2