DC ALTERNATOR

The conventional method to have auxiliary DC Supply for battery charging & other DC Loads is to use a wind generating set of variable speed & a rectifier unit. Integrated Electric developed a variable speed DC Alternator for coupling with Wind millas a source of DC auxiliary power. The principle of working is as under. The basic generator will be just like any brushless AC Generator consisting of main stator, Main rotor, Exciter stator & Exciter rotor. The generator is of three phase, variable speed, variable kW output, For. Example the DC Alternator is capable of delivering : SYSTEM FEATURES

The DC Alternator delivers constant DC Voltage at the terminals up to its rated load battery current or total full load & subsequently the voltage drops depending upon load & hence protect the load. User settable DC Output voltage, DC Battery current & DC Overall current Ripple will be less than 100 mV with battery & less than 300 mV without battery

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION OF DC ALTERNATORS I. The rotor of the revolving field generates a rotating flux which induces the following emfs in the stator. The alternator builds up voltage with the help of residual magnetism & mainly from the permanent magnets housed in the exciter stator..

DC Output voltage. Speed feedback for frequency roll off DC Battery Current feedback. DC Total current feedback

The AVR uses these signals to compute the amount of excitation required to maintain the terminal voltage up to its rated current rating & reduce the terminal voltage on further loading of DC Alternator & hence protect the DC Alternator from over loading. The digital AVR also

monitors the total overall load current & gives feed back signal to electronic governor to change the speed depending on load. V. The rotating diodes mounted in the exciter rotor rectify the AC voltage to DC Voltage and supply it to the Main rotor field winding VI. This regeneration continues and till the rated DC output voltage is achieved. The output voltage will be maintained at its rated value up to its rated current as indicated on the name plate of the DC Alternator.

SPECIFICATIONS

DC output 12 volts, 200 watt DC Voltage regulated at 1 Volt from no-load to full load Dc Voltage will reduce drastically after the load current reaches its rated current & hence protecting generator & Wind mill from over load Seperately Excited, Brushless, Provided with class 'H' Insulation, Temp. rise limited to Class F. Suitable for an ambient temperature of 40C D.C. Alternator for recharging battery banks. This is not an automotive style alternator because of their poor efficiency 200 amps DC for recharging battery banks, DC generator is the most efficient and least cost solution Require 5 h.p Prime mover at 1500 RPM WIND MILL suitable to make a DC generator We can supply complete DC generator close coupled or coupling type both with water cooled and air cooled wind mills

LOW MAINTENANCE AND HIGH RELIABILITY

The unique alternator design allows us to turn the wind mill at low speeds, thereby extending wind mill life. The voltage regulator has automatic governing at high electrical load demands the regulator automatically increases wind mill RPM; at low loads the wind mill speed is automatically decreased. VIDHATA Power's alternator has no: brushes, slip rings, There are no alternator parts to wear. There are no electronic parts (diodes, etc.) nor electrical connections inside the alternator. There is nothing to short or vibrate loose inside the alternator. The alternator is almost impossible to damage electrically. The outputs can be shorted for minutes without damage. The output current is monitored by the voltage regulator through a current transducer. The voltage regulator has an adjustable current limit on the output. It is virtually impossible to overload the alternator. VIDHATA Power's alternator should have an life of exceeding 50000 hours.

The wind mill is protected against: over-temperature, low oil pressure, over-speed, (OPTIONAL). The alternator's rotor is dynamically balanced to improve the wind mill's bearing life.

HIGH AND LOW AMBIENT OPERATION

During starting the regulator keeps the field current off. This feature coupled with the small light weight rotor provides a minimal load on the starter motor. For low ambient temperatures (-40 to 10 F) cold starting aids are available. The higher alternator efficiency allows the wind mill to run cooler in high ambient temperatures. The increased alternator efficiency reduces the mechanical load on the wind mill which then reduces the wind mills cooling requirement.

APPLICATIONS IN GENERAL (INCLUDING SOLAR/WIND HYBRID, PRIME POWER, AND BACKUP)

The DC generator system is designed and optimized to deliver the high currents at low voltages required for battery charging and operating DC loads. No battery chargers or power supplies are required. DC generators do not require a transfer switch. Transfer switches lower system reliability. In prime power applications the DC generator lowers the overall cost of the system. Certain AC generators and switch mode power supplies are incompatible. These AC generators have voltage regulators that cannot regulate voltage due to the current pulsing load of the switch mode power supplies. VIDHATA DC generators when connected to a battery do not suffer this incompatibility. DC generators are more fuel-efficient. Site operators want the longest run time with the least amount of fuel on site. VIDHATAs DC generators are simpler in design, have considerably less maintenance and are more reliable than AC generators. Propane carburetion and electronic speed governors require frequent calibration and testing. If the propane carburetion, ignition system, or governor speed control should develop a problem, alternator voltage regulation and frequency control will fail. Some equipment powered by the generator will be damaged, other equipment may survive. How many of your AC loads can tolerate a wide swing in frequency?. VIDHATAs DC generators have a current limit control to prevent the alternator from overheating and the wind mill from stalling during shorts or overloads. This feature is extremely important in battery charging because a battery in a low state of charge can demand more power than the generator or battery charger can manage. VIDHATAs DC generators will continues to supply power under current limit control, allowing the battery to increase its charge and drop its current demand. The AC generator uses a fuse or circuit breaker to protect against shorts and over current so the battery fails to get charged if it is overly discharged. The additional problem is that for remote sites a person

is required to visit the site to replace or reset the fuse or circuit breaker and devise a means where the batteries can be brought to a state of charge where the batteries can take over. VIDHATA DC generators can be connected in parallel and load share. Paralleling these small AC generators is not practical. In many projects there are concerns about future site expansion and given load estimates are sometimes understated. Maintainability. DC generators use smaller wind mills that can be lifted by hand and transported to a shop for repair. The high-level generator mechanics are not required, or their expensive travel time to the site. AC generators are typically oversized to handle starting currents of motors and to provide light enough wind mill loads to facilitate speed regulation. Wind mills that are lightly loaded build up carbon around the valves and exhaust lines (wet stacking) this creates additional wind mill maintenance. DC generators are considerably smaller in size and use smaller horsepower wind mills. This facilitates both roof mount installations and installations inside the small shelters, as well as the required permit process. DC generator lowers the costs to install and operate. It is smaller in size and requires less site support. Transport to the site and installation is facilitated because: smaller shelter and concrete pads can be used, elevator transport to roof rather than crane, smaller helicopters or vehicles for transport. Fuel consumption is lower, so cost to transport fuel to the site is lower (transportation of the fuel to the site can be very expensive). Wind mills need a warm up period before they are able to provide full power, for an AC generator this translates to providing a stable frequency and voltage. VIDHATA s DC generator can deliver power at a reduced level immediately after starting, then switch to full power after warn up. Also a cold wind mill can exhibit speed fluctuations, which has no effect on VIDHATA s DC generators.

UPS SYSTEMS

VIDHATA s DC generators connect direct to the battery bank so there are fewer problems with on site permitting. Many inspectors and utilities are concerned with isolation of the AC generator from the utility grid. Using a DC generator there should be no questions on isolation from the inspectors. VIDHATA s DC generator can provide regulated charging to the battery and is unaffected by the pulse currents of the switch mode inverter.

COMPARISON CHART FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS APPLICATIONS

NO MATTER WHICH WAY YOU LOOK AT IT, DC SETS ARE SUPERIOR! VIDHATA s DC GENSET AC GENSET For N+1 redundancy, peak load demand, and It is impractical to parallel AC generators for site these

expansion, multiple DC generators can be applications; therefore they must be over-sized operated at the for peak same time and power outputs can be paralleled. load demands and future expansion. Small loads can cause the wind mill to "wet stack. DC generator backs up both utility power and AC generators back up only utility power. If the the rectifier rectifier bank. fails, the site is down. Backing up power board reduces N+1 N+1 redundancy of rectifier modules within a redundancy demand power board on the number of rectifier modules. This increases site capital and operating cost. lowers the purchase and operational costs. The battery charger or rectifier and the transfer Rectifiers, transfer switch and controls add switch for considerably to both prime power and solar hybrid applications the purchase, installation, and maintenance can be costs. eliminated. Fuel consumption is reduced, and reliability is greatly increased. Variable wind mill speed option automatically Wind mill must run at fixed speeds in order to adjusts to maintain 60 or meet battery charging and load requirements, 50Hz frequency. Wind mill speed control providing provisions add to up to 40% savings in fuel. Wind mill speeds maintenance and reliability problems. Running can vary without wind mill affecting voltage regulation. without load shortens wind mill life. Continuously running the DC generator during The cumbersome design of an AC Generator/ long power transfer outages can be avoided in order to conserve switch/rectifier system make frequent cycling fuel and undesirable. reduce maintenance. The generator can charge the battery, then shut down and begin cycle again. With VIDHATA s high efficiency alternator Combined with the rectifier power losses and we are able to the rectifier use smaller horsepower wind mills, which and air conditioning current surges during produce lower startup, the acoustic noise. Smaller wind mills also wind mills and alternators on the AC sets facilitate installation require over sizing. permits on sites where the regulations are Wind mills are also oversized to assist in based on output frequency horsepower and noise. regulation. A DC generator can "come on line faster than From experience, larger battery banks are an AC required for AC generator. This allows a reduction in the size of generator backup systems

the battery bank. Reducing the battery bank size lowers procurement and replacement costs.