George Orwell

1984
Nineteen Eighty-four is a dystopian novel set in a bomb-ruined London in the imaginary state of Oceania (one of the three powers constantly in war). The society is governed, according to the principles of English socialism, by Big Brother, the Head of the Party. The protagonist is Winston Smith, an employee of the Ministry of Truth (which task is to revise the history written before the revolution).He is dissatisfied with the party and he rebels in many way: He writes a diary (an action prohibited as an expression of independent thinking), He starts a love affair with Julia (no emotions other than fear and hate are allowed in Oceania) and He seeks for human contacts among proles (lower and excluded class). Then one day he meets OBrian, an official of inner Party, that leads Winston and Julia believe that he shares their hatred for the Party. After that Winston and Julia are discovered while reading a prohibited book and they are arrested. Winston is taken to the Ministry of Love and he finds out that OBrian is a Party spy. OBrian through physical and psychological torture makes him confess numerous and fabricated crimes and finally, completely subdued, Winston is release and now he loves not Julia but Big Brother. The protagonist The protagonist is Winston, a middle-age weak man. He works in the Minister of Truth where he have to correct misprints errors in order to make the party infallible and consistent (coerente) Big Brother Big Brother represents the inflexible paternalistic government with violence, denial of freedom and repression of individual. He is the head of the party, nothing but a face that appears on screens and posters. He is the embodiment of the party. Newspeak Newspeak is the new official language whose lexis is so limited that people find it impossible to express their own ideas. It is a language introduced by the Party to avoid psychological crime through the destruction of words. The setting The novel is set in a totalitarian state in the future, a future England (Airstrip One) ruled by the Party. The society The novel describes a totalitarian society where where no emotions other than fear and hate are allowed and where the individual freedom and thinking is denied. There is no privacy and the Party has total control of the press, the communication and the propaganda. Language, history and thought are controlled in the interests of the state ,through the gradual introduction of Newspeak. Any form of rebellion against the rules is punished with prison, torture, brainwash or liquidation.

Aim
Orwells aim is to aware the society from totalitarism and the violation of freedom. He insisted on tolerance, justice and decency. 1. 2. 3. The novel is divided in 3 parts: He introduces the main character He describes the relationship between Winston and Julia He describes Winstons imprisonment and torture by the thought police and the final loss of his intellectual integrity.

Animal Farm
Animal Farm is a political/ allegorical fable . It is set on a Farm where a group of oppressed Animals overcome their cruel master and set up a revolutionary government. They established 7 commandments based on equality but the Pigs gradually arrogate to themselves privileges. At the end only one commandment remains : all animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others. The novel is a satire of Stalinism in Russia. Orwell expressed his criticism and disillusionment with Stalinism, Totalitarism, and dictatorship in general * *Spanish Civil War, Nazist persecution and Stalinism This novel shows how a Society degenerates because of vice, corruption and violence.