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Manual:RouterOS FAQ
See also: Mikrotik_RouterOS_Preguntas_Frecuentes_(espaol/spanish)
Manual:RouterOS FAQ
Installation
How can I install RouterOS? RouterOS can be installed with CD Install or Netinstall. How large HDD can I use for the MikroTik RouterOS? MikroTik RouterOS supports disks larger than 8GB (usually up to 120GB). But make sure the BIOS of the router's motherboard is able to support these large disks. Can I run MikroTik RouterOS from any hard drive in my system? Yes Is there support for multiple hard drives in MikroTik RouterOS? A secondary drive is supported for web cache. This support has been added in 2.8, older versions don't support multiple hard drives. Why the CD installation stops at some point and does not go "all the way through"? The CD installation is not working properly on some motherboards. Try to reboot the computer and start the installation again. If it does not help, try using different hardware.
Licensing Issues
How many MikroTik RouterOS installations does one license cover? The license is per RouterOS installation. Each installed router needs a separate license. Does the license expire? The license never expires. The router runs for ever. Your only limitation is to which versions you can upgrade. For example if it says "Upgradable to v4.x", it means you can use all v4 releases, but not v5 This doesn't mean you can't stay on v4.x as long as you want. How can I reinstall the MikroTik RouterOS software without losing my software license? You have to use CD, Floppies or Netinstall procedure and install the MikroTik RouterOS on the HDD with the previous MikroTik RouterOS installation still intact. The license is kept with the HDD. Do not use format or partitioning utilities, they will delete your key! Use the same (initial) BIOS settings for your HDD! Can I use my MikroTik RouterOS software license on a different hardware?
Manual:RouterOS FAQ Yes, you can use different hardware (motherboard, NICs), but you should use the same HDD. The license is kept with the HDD unless format or fdisk utilities are used. It is not required to reinstall the system when moving to different hardware. When paying for the license, please be aware, that it cannot be used on another harddrive than the one it was installed upon. License transfer to another hard drive costs 10$. Contact support to arrange this. What to do, if my hard drive with MikroTik RouterOS crashes, and I have to install another one? If you have paid for the license, you have to write to support[at]mikrotik.com and describe the situation. We may request you to send the broken hard drive to us as proof prior to issuing a replacement key. What happens if my hardware breaks again, and I lose my replacement key? The same process is used as above, but this time, we need physical proof that there is in fact been another incident. If you have a free demo license, no replacement key can be issued. Please obtain another demo license, or purchase the base license. More information available here All_about_licenses How can I enter a new Software Key? Entering the key from Console/FTP: import the attached file with the command '/system license import' (you should upload this file to the router's FTP server) Entering the key with Console/Telnet: use copy/paste to enter the key into a Telnet window (no matter which submenu). Be sure to copy the whole key, including the lines "--BEGIN MIKROTIK SOFTWARE KEY--" and "--END MIKROTIK SOFTWARE KEY--" Entering the key from Winbox: use 'system -> license' menu in Winbox to Paste or Import the key I have mis-typed the software ID when I purchased the Software Key. How can I fix this? In the Account Server choose `work with keys`, then select your mis-typed key, and then choose `fix key`. About entering keys, see more on this page Entering a RouterOS License key All other information about License Keys can be found here All_about_licenses
Upgrading
How can I install additional feature packages? You have to use the same version package files (extension .npk) as the system package. Use the /system package print command to see the list of installed packages. Check the free space on router's HDD using the /system resource print command before uploading the package files. Make sure you have at least 2MB free disk space on the router after you have uploaded the package files! Upload the package files using the ftp BINARY mode to the router and issue /system reboot command to shut down the router and reboot. The packages are installed (upgraded) while the router is going for shutdown. You can monitor the installation process on the monitor screen connected to the router. After reboot, the installed packages are listed in the /system package print list. How can I upgrade?
Manual:RouterOS FAQ To upgrade the software, you will need to download the latest package files (*.npk) from our website (the 'system' package plus the ones that you need). Then, connect to the router via FTP and upload the new packages to it by using Binary transfer mode. Then reboot the router by issuing /system reboot command. More information here: Upgrading_RouterOS I installed additional feature package, but the relevant interface does not show up under the /interface print list. You have to obtain (purchase) the required license level or install the NPK package for this interface (for example package 'wireless'). If I do upgrade RouterOS, will I lose my configuration? No, configuration is kept intact for upgrades within one version family. When upgrading version families (for example, V2.5 to V2.6) you may lose the configuration of some features that have major changes. For example when upgrading from V2.4, you should upgrade to the last version of 2.4 first. How much free disk space do I need when upgrading to higher version? You need space for the system package and the additional packages you have to upgrade. After uploading the newer version packages to the router you should have at least 2MB free disk space left. If not, do not try to make the upgrade! Uninstall the unnecessary packages first, and then upgrade the remaining ones.
Downgrading
How can I downgrade the MikroTik RouterOS installation to an older version? You can downgrade by reinstalling the RouterOS from any media. The software license will be kept with the HDD as long as the disk is not repartitioned/reformatted. The configuration of the router will be lost (it is possible to save the old configuration, but this option has unpredictable results when downgrading and it is not recommended to use it). Another way is to use the /system package downgrade command. This works only if you downgrade to 2.7.20 and not lower. Upload the older packages to the router via FTP and then use the /system package downgrade command.
How can I change the TCP port number for telnet or http services, if I do not want to use the ports 23 and 80, respectively? You can change the allocated ports under /ip service. When I use the IP address/mask in the form 10.1.1.17/24 for my filtering or queuing rules, they do not work.
Manual:RouterOS FAQ The rules 'do not work', since they do not match the packets due to the incorrectly specified address/mask. The correct form would be: 10.1.1.0/24 for the IP addresses in the range 10.1.1.0-10.1.1.255, or, 10.1.1.17/32 for just one IP address 10.1.1.17. I need to set up DHCP client, but there is no menu '/ip dhcp-client'. The DHCP feature is not included in the system software package. You need to install the dhcp package. Upload it to the router and reboot! Can I statically bind IP's to MAC addresses via DHCP? Yes, you can add static leases to the DHCP server leases list. However, DHCP is insecure by default, and it is better to use PPPoE for user authentication and handing out IP addresses. There you can request the user to log on from a specified MAC address as well. How can I masquerade two different subnets using two different external IP addresses for them? Use /ip firewall nat rule with chain=srcnat action=nat, specify the to-src-address argument value. It should be one of the router's external addresses. If you use action=masquerade, the to-src-address is not taken into account, since it is substituted by the external address of the router automatically. I cannot surf some sites when I use PPPoE. Use /ip firewall mangle to change MSS (maximum segment size) 40 bytes less than your connection MTU. For example, if you have encrypted PPPoE link with MTU=1492, set the mangle rule as follows:
/ ip firewall mangle add chain=forward protocol=tcp tcp-flags=syn action=change-mss tcp-mss=!0-1448 new-mss=1448
3. We can use these flow-marks in queue trees now. While this solution should function, it is fundamentally flawed as the first packet of each connection destined to these clients will not be taken into account. For upload:
Manual:RouterOS FAQ
[admin@AP] ip firewall mangle> add chain=prerouting src-mac-address=11:11:11:11:11:11 \ action=mark-packet new-packet-mark=upload
Wireless Questions
Can I bridge wlan interface operating in the station mode? No, you cannot. See more >>
BGP Questions
See BGP FAQ and HowTo [ Top | Back to Content ]
References
[1] http:/ / www. mikrotik. com/ docs/ ros/ 2. 9/ guide/ specs [2] http:/ / www. mikrotik. com/ docs/ ros/ 2. 9/