Minimum Cement Contents and Maximum W/C ratio (for 20mm MSA)

Plain Concrete (PCC) Exposure Min Cement Kg/m3 220 250 260 300 300 Max Free W/C 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.45 0.4

Reinforced Concrete Minimum grade of (RCC) Concrete Min Cement Kg/m3 300 300 350 400 400 Max Free W/C 0.55 0.5 0.45 0.45 0.4

Adjustment to Min.Cement Content for Aggregates size other than 20mm MSA Nominal Max. Adjustments in min. cement in Agg. Size (mm) M3 10 15 20 30 40 As per IS -456 +40 +20 0 -15 -30

PCC ---M15 M20 M20 M25

RCC M20 M20 M25 M35 M40

Mild Moderate Severe Very Severe Extreme

Note: Minimum Cement Content is irrespective of grade of Cement

Exposure Conditions: MildModerateConcrete surface protected against weather or aggressive conditions Concrete surfaces sheltered from severe rain or freezing whilst wet Concrete exposed to condensation and rain Concrete exposed to non-aggressive sub-soil/ground water or coastal environment Concrete surfaces exposed to severe rain, alternate wetting and drying or occasional freezing whilst wet or severe condensation Concrete in contact or buried under non-aggressive soil/ground water, completely immersed in sea water Very Severe Extreme Concrete surfaces exposed to sea water spray,corrossive fumes or severe freezing conditions whilst wet Concrete surfaces exposed to abrasive action ,for example machinery, metal tyred vehicles or water carrying solids Concrete surfaces in tidal zone Members in direct contact with liquid /solid aggressive chemicals Maximum size of the aggregate Percentage of Aggregates passing 20mm sieve 0-25 25-75 75-100 Maximum Aggregate Size (MAS) 40 30 20

Severe-

Workability for different purposes and appropriate test values Degree of workability Nominal Compa max.size ction of the factor Agg. Slump (mm)

Placing conditions

Vebe time (s)

Extremely Low

Section subject to extremely intensive or prolonged vibration; pressure may also be required Small section subject to intensive vibration and large sections to normal vibrations Simply reinforced sections with good vibration and large sections to normal vibrations Simply reinforced sections with normal vibration and heavily reinforced sections with good vibrations Heavily reinforced sections with light vibrations Cast in situ plies or structures with very heavy reinforcement and light /no vibration

10 20

0.65 0.68

0 0

over 20

Very low

10 20 40 10 20 40 10 20 40 10 20 40 10 20 40

0.75, 0.78 0.78 0.83 0.85 0.85 0.90 0.92 0.92 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.97 0.97 0.98

0 0-10 0-25 0-5 10-25 25-50 5-25 25-50 50-100 25-100 50-125 100-175 100-150 125-200 >200

7-20

Low

5-10

Medium

3-5

High

2-3

Very high

0-2

Gradings limit for Fine Aggregate(IS:383-1970) Percentage passing for IS Sieve Zone-1 Zone-2 Zone-3 Zone-4 10-mm 100 100 100 100 4.75-mm 90-100 90-100 90-100 95-100 2.36-mm 60-95 75-100 85-100 95-100 1.18-mm 30-70 55-90 75-100 90-100 600-micron 15-34 35-59 60-79 80-100 300-micron 5-20 30-Aug Dec-40 15-50 150-micron 0-10 0-10 0-10 0-15 Degree of QulityControl expected Fresh cement from single source and regular tests, weigh batching of all materilas,aggregates supplied in single sizes, control of aggregate grading and moisture content, Control of water Very Good added, frequent supervision, regular workability and strength tests, and field laboratory facilities

Good

Fair

Carefully stored cement and periodic tests, weigh batching of all materials, controlled water, graded aggregate supplied,ocassional grading and moisture tests, periodic check of workability and strength, intermittent supervision and experienced workers Proper storage of Cement, Volume batching of all aggregates allowing to bulking of sand, weigh batching of cement, water content controlled by inspection of mix, and occasional supervision and tests. Value of Statistical Constant 't' ( IS:10262-1982) Accepted proportion of low results 1 in 5 1 in 10 1 in 15 1 in 20 1 in 40 1 in 100

Recommended value of Standard Deviation IS:10262-1982 Degree of Quality Control Grade M-10 M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40 M-45 M-50 M-55 M-60 Very good 2.0 2.5 3.6 4.3 5.0 5.3 5.6 6.0 6.4 6.7 6.8 Good 2.3 3.5 4.6 5.0 6.0 6.3 6.6 7.0 7.4 1.7 7.8 Fair 3.3 4.5 5.6 6.3 7.0 7.3 7.6 8.0 8.4 8.7 8.8

't' 0.84 1.28 1.5 1.65 1.96 2.33

Target mean Strength(Fm) Fm=(Fck+txs) Specified Min or charecteristic srength of Fck concrete s Standard Deviation t Statistical constant

Depth of 01 bag of cement=180mm Volume of 01 bag of cement=0.054 cum. Floor area reqd. for 01 bag of cement=0.3 sq.m Qty.of 50kg cement =0.034 cum. Physical Charecteristic requirements of cement: Characteristic 1. Min.comp.strength (N/mm2 ) 03 days 07 days 28 days 2.Fineness (min) (M2 /Kg) 3.Setting time(minutes) Initial-(minnimum) Final-(maximum) 4.Soundness,expansion Le-Chatleiler-(max) mm Autoclave test-(max)% 16 22 33 225 30 600 10 0.8 23 33 43 225 30 600 10 0.8 27 37 53 225 30 600 10 0.8 33 grade IS:269-1989 Requirements 43 grade IS:8112-1989 53 grade IS:12269-1987

Chemical requirements of OPC: Characteristic 1. Lime Saturation Factor 2.Ratio of percentage of Alumina to Iron Oxide (min) 3.Insoluble residue percentage by mass(max) 4.Magnesia percentage by mass(max) 5.Total Sulphur content as Sulphuric Anhydride (SO3) percent by mass (max) C3A lees than 5 C3A greater than 5 6. Total loss on ignition percent (max) 33 grade IS:269-1989 0.66-1.02 0.66 4 6 Requirements 43 grade IS:8112-1989 0.66-1.02 0.66 2 6 53 grade IS:12269-1987 0.88-1.02 0.66 2 6

2.75 3 5

2.75 3 5

2.75 3 4

Minimum Frequency of sampling of Concrete of each grade: Quantity of concrete in No. of Set of the work (Cum) Samples 1-5 1 6-15 2 16-30 3 31-50 4 4 plus one additional sample 51 & above for each additional 50cum or part thereof Note: At least one sample should be taken from each shift Acceptance Criteria for compressive Strength of Concrete The Concrete shall be deemed to comply with the strength requirement as per latest IS -456 a) Every sample has a test Strength not less than the characteristic Strength b)The Strength of one or more Samples though less than the characteristic value ,complies with the following conditions: i) the Strength determined from the any group of four consecutive test result complies with the appropriate limits in Column A of Table-3 ii) Any Individual test results complies with the appropriate limits in Column B of table-3 The Qty of Concrete represented by a group of four consecutive test result shall include the batches from which the first and last samples were taken together with all intervening batches For the individual test result requirements given in Column B of table-3, only the particular batch from which the sample as taken shall be at risk

Where the mean rate of sampling is not Specified the maximum quantity of concrete that four consecutive test results represent shall be limited to 60 Cum Table-3:Characteristic compressive Strength Compliance requirements as per IS-456(latest) A B The mean of the group of Any individual test result is test result exceeds the Specified Group of test not less than the Specified Characteristic Grade results Characteristic Compressive Compressive Strength by at Strength less:(N/mm2) least:(N/mm2) M15 Any Consecutive 4 3.0 3.0 M20 Any Consecutive 4 4.0 4.0 M25 Any Consecutive 4 4.5 5.0 M30 Any Consecutive 4 5.0 6.0 M35 Any Consecutive 4 5.0 7.0 M40 Any Consecutive 4 5.5 8.0 M50 Any Consecutive 4 6.0 10.0 Grading of Sand for plaster work: IS Sieve Designation Percentage Passing 10mm 100 4.75mm 95-100 2.36mm 95-100 1.18mm 90-100 600mic. 80-100 300 mic. 20-65 150 mic. 0-50 Material Reqd. per Sq.m for various thickness of Plaster Mix 1:3 1:4 1:5 1:6 1:7 1:8 Material C FA C FA C FA C FA C FA C FA 6 3.00 6.40 2.40 6.60 1.90 6.90 1.70 7.20 1.40 7.30 1.30 7.40 10 5.10 10.60 4.00 11.10 3.20 11.60 2.90 12.00 2.40 12.15 2.20 12.30 12.5 7.00 14.60 5.50 15.30 4.40 16.00 4.00 16.50 3.20 16.80 3.00 17.00 Thickness in mm 25 20 11.60 10.10 24.40 21.20 8.74 7.90 25.40 22.10 7.20 6.30 26.50 23.00 6.60 5.70 27.50 23.90 5.30 4.60 28.00 24.30 5.00 4.40 28.30 24.60 30 15.20 31.80 11.90 33.20 9.40 34.60 8.60 35.90 7.00 36.50 6.60 37.00 40 20.20 42.40 15.80 44.20 12.50 46.00 11.40 47.90 9.30 48.60 8.80 49.30

Concrete Cover requirements as per IS-456 (latest) Note: i) for main reinforcements upto 12mm dia bar and for mild Concrete Cover Exposure exposures the nominal cover may be reduced by 5mm Mild 25mm ii) However for a longitudinal reinforcing bar in a Column , Moderate 30mm nominal cover shall in any case not be less than 40mm or less Severe 45mm tan the diameter of such bar.In case of column of minimum Very Severe 50mm dimension of 200mm or under, whose reinforcing bars donot Extreme 75mm exceed 12mm a cover of 25mm may be used.

ii) However for a longitudinal reinforcing bar in a Column , nominal cover shall in any case not be less than 40mm or less tan the diameter of such bar.In case of column of minimum dimension of 200mm or under, whose reinforcing bars donot exceed 12mm a cover of 25mm may be used. Physical properties of reinforcement steel IS 2062 Nominal Steel for general Property Size of structural purpose bar Grade A B C 1.Ultimate Tensile all sizes 410 410 410 Strength MPa (min) upto 2.Yield 250 250 250 20mm Stress 20-40 240 240 240 MPa (min) mm 3.Elongatio n 23 23 23 (%min) all sizes upto 4.Bend ---------22mm above ---------22mm upto 3d 2d 2d 25mm above 3d 3d 2d 25mm upto 5.Rebend ---------10mm above ---------10mm d-diameter of the mandrel used for bend/rebend test Basic Design Data: Method Stress Working Stress Limit State Tension Compression Shear 275 N/m2 190 N/m
2

IS 1786 High strength Deformed Steel bars Fe415 Fe500 Fe550

CRS

485

545

585

545

415 415 14.5 3d 4d ------5d 7d

500 500 12 4d 5d ------5d 7d

550 550 8 5d 6d ------7d 8d

500 500 12 4d 5d ------5d 7d

500 N/m2 335 N/m2

230 N/m2 415 N/m2 40% more than that 60% more than that Bond of plain bars of plain bars Chemical Properties of Reinforcement Steel