LGEE050 Transformer temperature monitoring by wireless to control room USING GSM

In this project, a generic real-time wireless communication system is designed and developed for temperature monitoring of a transformer to control room by applying appropriate protocol. The primary function of this system is to monitor the temperature of the transformer. The data collected by the digital temperature sensor is sent to the Microcontroller. The temperature data is displayed on the LCD. When the temperature exceeds a value a SMS will sent to the registered users mobile. The user can check for the temperature anytime by sending a defined SMS to the modem. The user can also put on and off the system by sending a SMS. In case the temperature increases a value the system will automatically shut down and start if the temperature is less. This project is a standalone digital temperature meter that also checks the temperature of the heating element of a device according to its requirement. Use of embedded technology makes this closed loop feedback control system efficient and reliable. Micro controller (ATMEGA168) allows dynamic and faster control. Different interfaces make the system userfriendly. The sensed and set temperature values are simultaneously displayed on the LCD. It is very compact using few components and can be implemented for several applications including air-conditioners, water-heaters, snow melter, ovens, heat-exchangers, mixers, furnaces, incubators, thermal baths and veterinary operating tables. ATMEGA168 micro controller is the heart of the circuit as it controls all the functions. In this project we are implementing transformer temperature monitoring which is being transmitted wirelessly to the remote location to check the data in control the registered users mobile

There are temperature sensors one for monitoring .The temperature sensor senses the temperature and converts it into an electrical signal, which is applied to the micro controller through ADC. The analog signal is converted into digital format by the analog-to-digital converter (ADC inbuilt in the controller itself).The sensed and set values of the temperature are also displayed on the LCD. The controller transmits this temperature wirelessly to the remote location using GSM technology when ever user demands the data by sending a SMS. The GSM modem used here is SIM300. The Controller transmits the data to display it on LCD. A predefined SMS will be sent to the control room when temperature exceeds a limit the system will automatic cut-off. The user can also put on and off the system when needed BLOCK DIAGRAM:
DEVICE:

TEMPERATURE Sensor1

GSM

Controller HT12D

16x2 LCD

CONTROL ROOM MOBILE

RELAY DRIVER

RELAY

SECTION DESCRIPTION: Power supply block: This consist a 12V power supply source and a power regulator (7805) to get 5v power supply. SENSOR BLOCK: This block consists of the temperature sensors for measuring the temperature. Processing Block: The processing block is the ATMEGA 168microcontroller (to read the temperature data from the sensors and it to the LCD. When needed send the data to the user through GSM modem LCD block: This is used to display and any other

processing. GSM MODEM: This is used to send and receive the SMS and transmit it to the controller or end user as needed. Relay Driver: Provide sufficient current and voltage to drive the relays. Relay: Automatic switches to switch on the power sources

COMPONENTS DETAILS MICROCONTROLLER (ATMEGA 168): The Atmel ATmega168 is a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller based on the AVR enhanced RISC architecture. By executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the ATmega48/88/168 achieves throughputs approaching 1 MIPS per MHz allowing the system designed to optimize power consumption versus processing speed. The Atmel ATmega168 provides the following features: 4K/8K/16K bytes of In-System Programmable Flash with Read-While-Write capabilities, 256/512/512 bytes EEPROM, 512/1K/1K bytes SRAM, 23 general purpose I/O lines, 32 general purpose working registers, three flexible Timer/Counters with compare modes, internal and external interrupts, a serial programmable USART, a byteoriented 2-wire Serial Interface, an SPI serial port, a 6channel 10-bit ADC (8 channels in TQFP and QFN/MLF packages), a programmable Watchdog Timer with internal Oscillator, and five software selectable power saving modes. The Idle mode stops the CPU while allowing the SRAM, Timer/Counters, USART, 2-wire Serial Interface, SPI port, and interrupt system to continue functioning. The Power-down mode saves the register contents but freezes the Oscillator, disabling all other chip functions until the next interrupt or hardware reset. In Power-save mode, the asynchronous timer continues to run, allowing the user to maintain a timer base while the rest of the device is sleeping. The ADC Noise Reduction mode stops the CPU and all I/O modules except asynchronous timer and ADC, to minimize switching noise during ADC conversions. In Standby mode, the crystal/resonator Oscillator is running while the rest of the device is sleeping. This allows very fast start-up combined with low power consumption.

The ATmega48, ATmega88 and ATmega168 differ only in memory sizes, boot loader support, and interrupt vector sizes. Table 2-1 summarizes the different memory and interrupts vector sizes for the three devices.

ATmega88 and ATmega168 support a real Read-WhileWrite Self-Programming mechanism. There is a separate Boot Loader Section, and the SPM instruction can only execute from there. In ATmega48, there is no Read-WhileWrite support and no separate Boot Loader Section.

16x2LCD

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display module and find a wide range of applications. A 16x2 LCD display is very basic module and is very commonly used in various devices and circuits. These modules are preferred over seven segments and other multi segment LEDs. The reasons being: LCDs are economical; easily programmable; have no limitation of displaying special & even custom characters (unlike in seven segments), animations and so on.

A 16x2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and there are 2 such lines. In this LCD each character is displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix. This LCD has two registers, namely, Command and Data. The command register stores the command instructions given to the LCD. A command is an instruction given to LCD to do a predefined task like initializing it, clearing its screen, setting the cursor position, controlling display etc. The data register stores the data to be displayed on the LCD. The data is the ASCII value of the character to be displayed on the LCD. Features: 5 x 8 dots with cursor Built-in controller (KS 066 or Equivalent) + 5V power supply (Also available for + 3V) 1/16 duty cycle

B/L to be driven by pin 1, pin 2 or pin 15, pin 16 or A.K (LED) N.V. optional for + 3V power supply

ULN 2803 RELAY DRIVER HIGH-VOLTAGE, HIGH-CURRENT DARLINGTON ARRAYS

This IC is having 8 pairs of high current Darlington array, which is required to drive the RELAYS. FEATURES TTL, DTL, PMOS, or CMOS Compatible Inputs Output Current to 500 mA Output Voltage to 95 V Transient-Protected Outputs Dual In-Line Package or WideBody Small-Outline Package

RELAYS: Relays are electromechanical devices, which are used as a switch. Current flowing through the coil of the relay creates a magnetic field which attracts a lever and changes the switch contacts. The main advantages of using relay as a switch is that, they provide electrical isolation between inputs with the help of magnetic coupling and also we can handle a large power using a relay. There are different types of relays are available and they can be categorized in various ways. For example relays can be SPST, SPDT, DPST, DPDT etc. SPDT stands for Single Pole Single Throw, DPDT stands for Double Pole Double Through and so on. Here we have used SPDT switch. GSM MODEM: Designed for global market, SIM300 is a Triband GSM/GPRS engine that works on frequencies EGSM 900 MHz, DCS 1800 MHz and PCS 1900 MHz SIM300 features GPRS multi-slot class10/ class 8 (optional) and supports the GPRS coding schemes CS-1, CS-2, CS-3 and CS-4.With a tiny configuration of 40mm x 33mm x 2.85mm, SIM300 can fit

almost all the spacerequirements in our applications, such as smart phone, PDA phone and other mobile devices. In this hardware SIM300 is only interfaced with RS232, Regulated power Supply 4.0V SIM Tray Antenna with LED indications.

SOFTWARE: ARDUINO: The Arduino IDE is a cross-platform application written in Java, and is derived from the IDE for the Processing programming language and the Wiring project. It is designed to introduce programming to artists and other newcomers unfamiliar with software development. It includes a code editor with features such as syntax highlighting, brace matching, and automatic indentation, and is also capable of compiling and uploading

programs to the board with a single click. There is typically no need to edit make files or run programs on a command-line interface. Although building on command-line is possible if required with some third-party tools such as Ino. The Arduino IDE comes with a C/C++ library called "Wiring" (from the project of the same name), which makes many common input/output operations much easier. Arduino programs are written in C/C++.

Advantages: Modernizes the entire tracking system. It is a very user friendly Simple to operate and can be installed in a short time. Easier to manage with very less demand on man-power. It has a variable range of operation and hence it can be used at almost all places. Disadvantages: The system will block if there is network issues.