Ministry of Urban Development, Govt.

of India

Wastewater recycle and reuse: The need of the hour Workshop

India Specific Recycle and Reuse Guidance Document Is There a Need?

Uday G. Kelkar, Ph.D., P.E., BCEE NJS Consultants Co. Ltd., Japan
Date: 18 April 2012,

What are major concerns on Reuse Water

Usage Type of recycled water?
Availability of Treatment Technologies? Operability and Reliability? No Confidence in Gov. or private O&M operators? Consistently meeting water quality Standards?

Health Issues? or
Plain and simple Mind - Psychology

Important Issues to be Address

The Problem

Source Water Quality

Regulatory and performance compliance Contingency planning

Distance of bringing raw water

Pumping head required and cost of producing

the treated water Subsidy issue Industrial v/s domestic costs Conflict Policies Perception, Risk and Branding

With Reference to: Sustainable Water Management:

Policies
Investments Projects Challenges

2
3 4 1

Recycle and Reuse Action Items

Successful Recipe for Recycle and Reuse Program

Inter Ministry Cooperation

Recycle and Reuse Guidance Document

International Reuse Guidelines

WHO

1989 Guidelines for the safe use of wastewater in agriculture and aquaculture Guidelines for safe recreational water environments Guidelines for drinkingdrinking-water quality

US EPA

Reuse Guidelines 1992 & 2004 Safe Drinking Water Act

Recommended Water Quality Criteria

Water Quality
Parameter

Crop
irrigation

Water
exchange

Reservoir
recharge

GroundGround water recharge

Domestic
nonnon -potable

BOD5 mg/L TSS, mg/L Turbidity, NTU Fecal coliform, #/100 ml Intestinal nematodes, #/L Total nitrogen, mg/L Total phosphorus, mg/L

1,000 1

30 50 10,000 1

3 5 5 <3 10 0.6

12

3 2 500

pH
Chlorine residual, mg/L Drinking water standards

69

69

69
Yes

69
As required

69
1

Public Participation Program for Water Reuse System Planning

Specific Users Survey

General Survey

Alternatives Identification & Evaluation

Plan of Study

Plan Selection

Project Implementation

Preliminary Investigation

CustomerSpecific Workshops

Public Notification/ Involvement

Customer-Specific Information Program(s)

Build Institutional Capacity

Stakeholders for Recycle & Reuse

Prospective Buyer

SPV

SPV

Distributor for Recycled Water and Collector of revenue. Marketing of recycled water

Contractor Private/PPP

Producer of Recycled water and Sells water. Take-orPay contract. Provides Assured uptake of recycled water

BOT Contractor

Buyer-

Promoters of Recycled Water

Central Govt. or any State Govt.
Policy Development for R&R Guidance Document with legal & Institutional drivers Commercial/Fiscal incentives Water Quality Regulation and monitoring Arbitrations Risk Management Framework Implementation of R&R Demand Assessment and Marketing Financial and Institutional framework Public Awareness Campaign Water Purchase and Sale agreements Water Quality Monitoring Customer Service

SPV or any Water Board

Prospective Buyers

Commitment to use Recycled Water Infrastructure for use of Recycle water within their premises. Water Quality and Quantity Bench-marks. Point of use treatment if required. Promotion of Recycled water

Suggested Financial Model for Project Implementation

Stakeholders Equity
Financial Institutions Contractor

SPV
Water Board, Stakeholders and others

Recycled Water Revenue

Govt./ Donor Grant

Needs of Water Industry

Development of Reliable and acceptable Reuse plans and suggestive methods. Development of reuse effluent guidelines based on end-use applications.

Development of regulatory criteria and framework for Reuse: performance, redundancy, specifications, and safety & Health issues. Development of appropriate Public awareness campaign procedures to gain public confidence
Guidelines for reuse projects under PPP and other funding scenarios

If we Do not Recycle & Reuse.

Poor Water Availability Poor Public Health

Increasing Cost for Water Supply long distance

transportation with elevations.

Poor Economic Performance of ULBs Interstate Disputes on Resource Allocation Unsustainable Growth

Way Forward
Provide incentives to Industries and Agencies using

reclaimed water.
Address legal and Institutional issues. Develop Specific - reuse Guidance Document that can be

adopted by states.
Promote Recycle and Reuse Educational & Public

Awareness Programs for nonnon-potable and indirect potable applications.

Develop Funding Alternatives for Reuse Projects

Thank You!