MAR 2115 Differential Equations & Series - WorkSheet 6 Partial Differential Equations

1.

Wave Equation - Deflection of the String Find u x, t for the string of length L  1 and c 2  1 when the initial velocity, u t x, 0  0 and the initial deflection, u x, 0  f x with small k (say, 0. 01) is as follows: f x  k sin 2x f x  kx 1 x

a. b. c.

2.

Heat Equation - Laterally Insulated Bar A laterally insulated bar of length 10 cm and constant cross- sectional area 1 cm 2 , of density 10. 6 gm/cm 3 , thermal conductivity 1. 04 cal/(cm sec C), and specific heat 0. 056 cal/(gm C) has initial temperature f x and is kept at 0C at the ends x  0 and x  10. Find the temperature u x, t at later times if f x is given as: f x  sin 0. 4x f x  0. 2x if 0  x  5 and 0 otherwise.

a. b.

MAR2115 Differential Eqs & Series - Worksheet 6

Answers 1. a. k cos 2t sin 2x b. 8k cos t sin x  1 cos 3t sin 3x  1 cos 5t sin 5x . . . . 27 125 3 4 cos t sin x 1 cos 3t sin 3x  1 cos 5t sin 5x . . . . c. 9 25 5 2 2. a. u  sin 0. 4x e 1.75216 t/100 2 2 sin 0. 1x e 0.01752 2 t  1 sin 0. 2x e 0.01752 2 2 t . . . b. u    2
2

Suggested solutions: 1 a. Since L  1, c 2  1 and  n  cn so  n  n L Given u t x, 0  g x  0 and the initial deflection, u x, 0  f x  k sin 2x Solution takes the form: u x, t  u n x, t  B n cos  n t  B n sin  n t sin  n x B n  0, and since  n  n n  2 Hence we need to find B 2 . L As B n  2 f x sin  n x dx L 0 B 2  2 k sin 2x sin 2x dx
1 0

 2k sin 2 2x dx
1 0

 k 1 cos 4x dx
1 0 1  k x sin 4x  k 10  k 4 0 Hence solution: u x, t  k cos 2t sin 2x  0. 01 cos 2t sin 2x

1b. Similarly, solution takes the form: u x, t  u n x, t  B n cos  n t  B n sin  n t sin  n x Note: B n  0, and  n  n L B n  2 f x sin  n x dx L 0  2 f x sin  n x dx
L 0

 2k x 1 x sin nx dx
1 0

 2k

0 x sin nx dx
1

0 x 2 sin nx dx
1

1 cos n  1 cos n 2 cos n 1  2k n  n n33 4 k  3 3 cos n 1 n  k  4 1 n 1 n33

MAR2115 Differential Eqs & Series - Worksheet 6

8k ( n odd) n33 Hence, solution: u x, t  B n cos nt sin nx  cos t sin x  1 cos 3t sin 3x  1 cos 5t sin 5x . . .  8k 27 125 3 Note:

0 x sin nx dx  nx cos nx

1

1 0

1 cos n  n  1  n cos n 1 x 2 cos nx x 2 sin nx dx  n  0

1 1 cos nx dx  n  0 1  sin nx 1  n  n 0  0 2  n 

1 0

0 x cos nx dx
1

1 cos n  2 x sin nx 1 1 1 sin nx dx  n  n n n 0 0 cos nx 1 1 cos n  2 1 1  n  n n sin n  n  n 0 1 2 1  n cos n  n 0  2 2 cos n 1 n  1 2  n cos n  3 3 cos n 1 n  1c. Define f x :

fx 

1x 5 1 x1 5

if if

0  x 1, 2 1 x1 2

Solution takes the form: u x, t  u n x, t  B n cos  n t  B n sin  n t sin  n x B n  0, and  n  n 1/2 1 B n  2 1 x sin nx dx  1 x 1 sin nx dx 5 5 0 1/2 2 sin n 2 (n odd) 2 5n 2  2 Hence u x, t  B n cos nt sin nx  4 2 cos t sin x 1 cos 3t sin 3x  1 cos 5t sin 5x . . . 9 25 5 Note:

1/2

1 x sin nx dx  1 x cos nx n 5 5

1/2 0

1  n 

1/2

cos nx dx

MAR2115 Differential Eqs & Series - Worksheet 6

 1 1 cos n  0  21 2  sin nx | 1/2 0 5 2n 2 n  1  1 0   sin n 0 5 2 n22 n  1  sin (n odd) 2 5n 2  2 1 x 1 sin nx dx  1 5 5 1/2  1 5  1 0 5 1  5n 2  2
1

x1 n cos nx

1 1/2

1  n 

1/2 cos nx dx

1

0  1 cos n  21 2 sin nx | 1 1/2 2n 2 n   21 2 sin n sin n 2 n  n  sin (n odd) 2

2a. The initial condition gives u x, 0  B n sin nx  f x  sin 4x . n 1 10 10 Hence, by inspection or from (9) obtain B 4  1, B 1  B 2  B 3 . . .  0. In (9) 2 2 2 2  , where c 2  K  1. 04 need  4  c 4 2  1. 752 cm 2 / sec.  0. 056 10. 6 10 1. 752 16 2 2 sec 1 . Hence, obtaining  4  100 2 The solution (9) is u x, t  sin 4x e 1.75216 t/100 . 10 2b. Solution: u x, t 

n 1 u n x, t

x e  n 1 B n sin nL

2 n

 n  cn . L

From this and (3) u x, 0  x n 1 B n sin nL

 fx.

Hence for (9) to satisfy (3), the B n s must be coefficients of the Fourier sine series, thus L B n  2 f x sin nx dx (n  1,2, ...) L 0 L 5 10  2 2 x sin nx dx  0 dx 10 10 0 10 5 5 5 n  x 4 10 x 10  n cos  n cos nx dx 100 10 0 10 0 2 50 cos 5n  0  10  sin nx 5  4 n  100 10 10 0 n22 2 5 n  5 n  4 50 10  n cos  2 2  sin 100 10 10 n  n  2, 4, . . n  1, 3, . . Hence, u x, t 

c 2 n 2  2 where c 2  1. 04 2 n  0. 056 10. 6 10 2

n 1 u n x, t

x e  n 1 B n sin nL

2 n

where

 1. 752

MAR2115 Differential Eqs & Series - Worksheet 6

4  10 2 sin 5  4 ,  2  1. 752 2  0. 01752 2 1 100 10 2 10 2 2 2 52 1 ,  2  1. 752 2  0. 01752 2 B 2  4 50 cos   2 100 10 2 10 2 B1 

2 1 sin 2x e 0.01752 2 2 t . . . Hence u x, t  42 sin x e 0.01752 t   10 10  OR 2 2 sin 0. 1x e 0.01752 2 t  1 sin 0. 2x e 0.01752 2 2 t . . . u x, t    2

MAR2115 Differential Eqs & Series - Worksheet 6