to bring a charge/ a legal action/ a suit/ an appeal a acuza; a intenta, un proces] to abide by a law a se supune unei legi; to bring

ng verdict to a da o sentin; to apply for a retrial a face a apel to commit an offense/ a breach of the law/ a debauch [He committed an offense against the State] to prosecute for criminal offense [He was prosecuted by the Prosecution Department from The Court of Law Iai] The plaintiff (the claimant) suits the defendant- inculpat I assert my right to speak freely To hold in custody E. PERSONS IN COURT: 1. Defendant /Respondent = a person who is sued in a civil law suit; 2. Plaintiff = reasonably prudent person; 3. Expert witness = a person who has specialized knowledge of a particular subject who is called to testify in court; 4. Appellant/ Petitioner = person who appeals a decision to a higher court; 5. Bailiff = officer of the court whose duties include keeping order and assisting the judge and jurors; 6. Advocate = person who pleads cases in court; Barristers (Lawyers, Advocates) In England and Wales, a barrister is a member of one of the Inns of Court (= the four law societies in London to which lawyers are members); he or she has passed examinations and spent one year in pupillage (= training) before being called to the bar (= being fully accepted to practise law). Barristers have the right of audience in all courts in England and Wales: in other words, they have the right to speak, but they do not have that right exclusively. Magistrates Magistrates usually work in Magistrates Courts. These courts hear cases of petty crime, adoption, affiliation, maintenance and violence in the home. The court can commit someone for trial or for sentence in a Crown Court. There are two main types of magistrates: stipendiary magistrates (qualified lawyers who usually sit alone); lay magistrates (unqualified, who sit as a bench of three and can only sit if there is a justices clerk present to advise them). Judges In England, judges are appointed by the Lord Chancellor*. The minimum requirement is that one should be a barrister or solicitor of ten years standing. The majority of judges are barristers, but they cannot practise as barristers. In other words, solicitors dont appear in court on a clients behalf and barristers dont give legal advice to clients. to bring brought brought to bring verdict to = a da o sentin to bring to = a face apel to bring a bill = a depune un proiect de lege to bring a charge (against somebody to) = a acuza to bring a procedure to = a ncepe o procedur

to bring a prosecution to = a ncepe urmrirea to bring a suit to (against someone to) = a intenta cuiva un proces to bring an action to = a introduce o aciune to bring an appeal to = a face apel, a ataca o hotrre judectoreasc to bring before a judge = a aduce n faa unui judector / tribunal to bring forward a complaint = a aduce o plngere to bring in a verdict of [not] guilty to = a [nu] se declara vinovat to bring in interest to = a aduce dobnzi to bring in justice to = a chema n justiie to bring proceedings to = a intenta un proces to bring someone to trial to = a judeca pe cineva to bring the parties to = a pune prile fa n fa to give gave given to give an administration order to = a institui un administrator financiar to give a judgment to = a pronuna o sentin to give an offence to = a aduce o jignire/ ofens to give evidence to = a da o depoziie to give forth to = a emite/ publica o tire/ o lege; a pronuna o hotrre to give in to = a ceda; a prezenta un document to give information to = a denuna; a face un denun to give judgment to = a pronuna o sentin/ hotrre to give notice to = a concedia; a evacua; a da un preaviz to give notice to somebody = a notifica de ceva to give off = a emite to give somebody in charge to = a da pe cineva pe mna poliiei to give case for the defendant to = a pronuna o sentin n favoarea prtului to give up to = a ceda; a renuna; a denuna; a preda justiiei to give way = a ceda; a face concesii giver = donator gift = donaie; dar gift by will = donaie testamentar gift inter vivos = donaie ntre vii gift purchase = dobndire prin donaie gift tax = impozit pe donaie to hear a case = a audia un caz to hear a case in camera to = a audia un proces cu uile nchise to hear a witness = a audia un martor hearing = audiere; dezbatere judiciar; examinare; nfiare

Article 1: All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. Article 2: Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other

limitation of sovereignty. Article 3: Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of freedom. Article 4: No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms. Article 5: No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. Article 6: Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law. Article 7: All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination. Article 8: Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him / her by the constitution or by law. Article 9: No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile. Article 10: Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his / her rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him / her.

1. damage(s) = Money claimed by someone as compensation for harm done = 1. avarie; daun; deteriorare; degradare; pagube; prejudiciu; piedere; 2. daune interese; despgubire 2. commit (to ) = To send someone to prison or to a court = 1. a ncarcera; a trimite pe cineva n nchisoare; 2. a ncredina; a da n sarcina cuiva; a depune n faa unei comisii 3. judicial = An adjective referring to a judge or to the law = juridic; judicial; judectoresc 4. innocent = Not guilty of a crime = nevinovat 5. offence = Any act which is not legal = 1. insult; jignire; ofens; 2. act ilegal; contravenie; culp; delincven; delict penal (Marea Britanie); infraciune; 3. agresiune; atac; crim; 4. act ilegal; crim; delict (SUA); infraciune (SUA) 6. lawyer = A person who has studied law and can act for people on legal business = avocat; jurist; jurisconsult 7. dispute = A disagreement or argument between parties = conflict; contesta ie; controvers; disput; divergen; litigiu 8. tribunal = A specialist court outside the judicial system which examines special problems = tribunal; curte de justiie 9. case = A set of arguments or facts put forward by one side in a legal proceeding = afacere; argumente; caz; cauz; instan; proces; spe 10. judge = An official who presides over a court = judector; magistrat; judector la curtea regal (Martea Britanie) 11. plead = To make an allegation in legal proceedings = a invoca drept scuz; a pleda; a se justifica; a susine o cauz 12. defendant = Someone who is accused of a crime in a criminal case = acuzat; intimat; inculpat; prt; persoan acuzat 13. claimant = A person who makes a claim against someone in a civil court = reclamant; solicitant 14. settlement = An agreement reached after an argument = 1. fixare; hotrre; reglare; reglementare; rezolvare; soluionare; 2. acord; aranjament; convenie; nelegere; tranzacie; 3. lichidare; achitare; 4. domiciliu legal 15. arrest = To hold someone legally so as to charge them with a crime = arest; arestare; detenie; sechestrare; suspendare (a unei hotrri judectoreti) 16. hearing = A case which is being heard by a committee, tribunal or court of law = audiere; dezbaere judiciar; examinare; nfiare 17. convict = To find that someone is guilty of a crime = 1. condamnat; deinut; ocna; 2. dovad care incrimineaz 18. breach = Failure to carry out the terms of an agreement = infraciune; nclcare a unui acord; violare a unui acord; nclcare a condiiilor contractului; nclcare a unei convenii; violare a unei convenii 19. prosecute = To bring someone to court to answer a criminal charge = a conduce o afacere/ anchet; a da n judecat; a institui/ a intenta un proces; a deschide o aciune public; a pune sub urmrire judiciar; a urmri n justiie/ pe cale judectoreasc. 69 20. appeal = To ask a high law court to change its decision or sentence = apel; atacarea unei sentine judiciare; recurs 21. accuse = To say that someone has committed a crime = a acuza, a inculpa, a invinovi, a incrimina 22. binding = Having the legal ability to force someone to do something = oblogatoriu, care leag, irevocabil

23. civil = An adjective referring to the rights and duties of private persons or organisations = civil 24. defence = The arguments used when fighting a case = aprare; mijloc de aprare; argumntele folosite n favoarea unui acuzat ntr-un proces 25. contract = A legal agreement between two or more parties = contract 26. criminal = An adjective referring to crime = 1. asasin; delincvent; criminal; uciga; fptuitor al unei crime; persoan care comite infraciunea de crim; 2. penal; criminal 27. jury = A group of 12 citizens who decide whether or not someone is guilty in a trial = curtea cu juri; jurai; juriu 28. evidence = A written or spoken statement of facts which helps to prove or disprove something at a trial = dovad; depoziie; eviden; mrturie; prob 29. fine = To order someone to pay money as a punishment = 1. amend; 2. avans; acont; arvun; 3. prim pltit pentru nnoirea unei locaiuni 30. injunction = A court order telling someone to stop doing something, or not to do = injunciune; ordin judectoresc de amnare; hotrre juridic de amnare _ International law glossary: 31. admit someone to the Bar (US) = to grant a person permission (from a Bar association) to practise law (UK call someone to the Bar) = admitere, acceptare n barou 32. advocate = person who pleads in court = avocat; aprtor; avocat pledant 33. affidavit = written statement which might be used as proof in court that somebody makes after they have sworn officially to tell the truth = afidavit; declara ie scris cudepunere de jurmnt util ca dovad n justiie 34. appellant = person who appeals a decision to a higher court (US); see petitioner = apelant; reclamant; reclamant n apel; recursant 35. appellate court (also court of appeal, appeals court) = court which reviews judgments held by lower courts = curtea de apel 36. arbitration = form of dispute resolution (an alternative to litigation through the court system) in which disputes are heard and decided by an impartial arbitrator or arbitrators, chosen by the parties to the dispute shares) = arbitraj; judecat 37. bailiff (UK) = an officer of the sheriff who makes arrests and serves writs: (US) a court officer who keeps order during court proceedings = aprod; portrel; intendent; administrator; uier 38. the Bar (US) = legal profession; (UK) the profession of barristers = 1. instan; 2. avocai; juriti; profesia de jurist; 3. avocatur, barou; 4. impediment juridic; 5. bara n faa judectorului unde pledeaz avocaii 39. bar and bench = organization of lawyers which may regulate the profession = avocatur i magistratur 40. bar examination = (US) written examination taken by prospective lawyers in order to qualify to practise law = interogare la bar 70 41. Bar Vocational Course = (UK) required course to be taken. 42. by law = graduates wishing to practise law as a barrister. This is followed by a period of pupillage = avocat stagiar 43. barrister (UK) = lawyer admitted to plead at the bar and in superior courts; a member of one of the Inns of Court barristers chambers offices of barristers or a group of barristers = avocat pledant la curtea superioar; membru al baroului; avocant pledant (Marea Britanie) 44. benefit of the bargain = damages; see expectation damages = beneficiul contractual 45. bill = formal proposal for legislation = 1. act; 2. proiect de lege; 3.

reclamaie; 4. bancnot, cambie; not de plat; poli 46. breach of contract = failure to perform a contractual obligation or interference with another partys performance which incurs a right for the other party to claim damages = nclcare a unui contract; nerespectare a unor termeni contractuali; nendeplinire/ violare a contractului 47. brief document = or set of documents containing the details of a court case = concluzii juridice; dosar al unui proces; expunere a dovezilor aprrii; rezumat 48. by-law = (UK) municipal law (US ordinance) = decizie a autoritii locale 49. call to the Bar = (UK) granting of permission to practise law as a barrister (US admission to the Bar) = a admite n barou; a admite stagiari 50. case law (also common law; judge-made law) = body of law formed through judicial/court decisions, as opposed to law formed through statutes or written legislation = autoritatea lucrului judecat; jurispruden; precedente 51. civil law = 1) legal system developed from Roman codified law, established by a state for its regulation; 2) area of the law concerned with non criminal matters, rights and remedies = cod civil; drept civil 52. claimant = (UK) person who brings a civil action; (US) plaintiff = reclamant; solicitant 53. clerk = (UK) court employee who takes records, files papers and issues processes; (US) also a law student who assists a lawyer or a judge with legal work such as research or writing = grefier; funcionar; secretar; vnztor n magazin (SUA) 54. common law (also case law; judge-made law) = body of law formed through judicial/court decisions, as opposed to law formed through statutes or written legislation = drept cutumiar; drept jurisprudenial 55. complaint = first pleading filed on behalf of a plaintiff which initiates a lawsuit, setting forth the facts on which the claim is based (civil law). 56. confer = to grant, to bestow = cerere de deschidere a unui proces; plngere; reclamaie 57. conflict of interest = clash between a persons personal interests and their public or fiduciary responsibilities consensual agreed to by all parties = conflict de interese 58. court of first instance = see lower court = judectorie (SUA); instana de fond; prima instan de judecat; instana de jurisdicie la care s-a introdus aciunea 59. criminal law (also penal law) = area of law that deals with crime, punishment or penalties = drept penal; cod penal (Marea Britanie, crown law) 60. crown court = (UK) higher court of first instance for criminal cases in England and Wales. Together with the High Court of Justice and the Court of Appeal, it forms the Supreme Court of Judicature; Appeals from the Crown Court go to the criminal division of the Court of Appeal and then to the House of Lords. 61. damage loss = or harm as a result of injury = 71 62. default = failure to perform a duty, whether legal or contractual; failure to pay a sum that is due = 1. absen; contumacie; lips; neprezentare; 2. incapacitate de a plti o datorie; insolvabilitate; nendeplinire a unei obliga ii; neplat; neachitarea unei datorii 63. defendant = (also respondent) person against whom an action is brought in court. Defendant is generally used when referring to the answering party to a civil complaint; respondent is generally used when referring to the answering party to a petition for a court order = acuzat; intimat; inculpat; prt; persoan acuzat 64. delegate = to give (duties) to another, to entrust another (with duties) = a delega 65. delegate = (UK) third party in a delegation to whom the duties have been

transferred (US detegatee). 66. delegation of duties = transfer of responsibilities to be performed under a contract to another = delegaie; subrogaie 67. delegator = person who transfers his duties to another = delegator 68. delivery = formal act of transferring something or passing possession on to someone else = 1. distribuire; livrare; predare; 2. cesiune; punere n stpnire; transfer 69. directive = order from a central authority, for example, the European Community. A European Community Directive is binding as to the result, but each Member State may choose how to implement it = directiv 68. disability = condition of being unable to do something due to a physical or mental impairment = incapacitate; dizabilitate 69. disbar = (US) to declare a person unable to practise law. In the UK the barrister is expelled from his or her Inn of Court and is no longer allowed to represent in court = a exclude; a radia din baroul avocailor 70. discharge = to release a person from an obligation = 1. a se achita de o obligaie; a disculpa; a dezvinovi; 2. a se elibera; a concedia; a pune n libertate; a da drumul n nchisoare; 3. a achita; a plti; 4. a descrca 71. disclaimer = repudiation or denial of a legal right or claim = renunare explicit; refuz 72. draft = to produce a piece of writing or a plan that you intend to change later = 1. ciorn; proiect; schi; 2. plat prin cambie sau bilet de ordin 73. duress = unlawful threat or coercion used to force someone to enter into a contract = ameninare; coerciie; constrngere; deteniune; declaraie obinut sub constrngere; privare de libertate; violen 74. duty solicitor = avocat numit din oficiu 75. duty of care = obligation of a person to act with = obligaia de precauie; de circumspecie; obligaia de diligen 76. employment tribunal = judicial body that resolves disputes = tribunalul conflictelor de munc 77. endorsement = (UK) writing, including signature, on the back of a document which allows for the transfer of the instrument (US indorsement) = aprobare; adeziune; andorsare; act modificator al unui contract anterior; gir 78. enforceable = capable of being made effective. In the case of an agreement, it is one in which one party can legally compel the performance of the other party = executoriu 79. enforceable right = interest the law gives effect or force = drept executoriu 80. essential term = provision required for a contract to exist = element esen ial al unui contract 81. et alii = (et al.) (Latin) and others. 72 82. et cetera = (etc.) (Latin) and other things of the same kind. 83.exempli gratia = (e.g.) (Latin) for example. 84. exemplary damages = see punitive damages = daune interese pentru prejudicii morale 85. expectation damages = (also benefit of the bargain damages); compensation for the loss of benefits that a person would have received had the contract been performed = daune inerente 86. expert witness = person who the court considers to possess specialised knowledge or skill and who is allowed to offer an opinion as testimony in court = martor specialist 87. fee = simple whole interest in a piece of real property; the broadest interest in property allowed by common law = 1. cotizaie; onorariu; remuneraie; tax; 2.

poperietate motenit 88. fiduciary = obligation to act solely in the best interests of another = curator; depozitar; executor; testamentar; fiduciar; motenitor fiduciar 89. file with = to officially record (e.g. in a court of law) = a nregistra un act; a pune n dosar 90. model = document or agreement with blank spaces to be filled in 91. formation = act of bringing a contract into existence = ntemeiere; fondare 92. fraud = deliberate misrepresentation or concealment of a material fact to gain an advantage = fraud 93. fraud = the inducement of the act of misrepresenting or misleading someone so as to entice them to enter into a contract or agreement = a frauda 94. good faith = state of mind whereby a person has an honest conviction = bun credin 95. high court = (UK) court which hears serious civil cases and appeals from county courts; (US supreme court) = curtea suprem de justiie 96. id est = (i.e.) (Latin) that is. 97. infringement = unauthorized use of material protected by copyright, patent or trademark law = abuz; infraciune; nclcare; violare; violare/ nclcare a legii 98. inheritance = property which can be transferred after death to a heir = motenire 99. injunction = official order from a court for a person to stop doing something = injunciune, ordin judectoresc de amnare; hotrre juridic de amnare. 100. injured party = a party that has suffered a violation of its legal rights = partea vtmat 101. Inn of Court = one of the four institutions that barristers in the UK must join in order to practise law as barristers 102. instrument = written formal legal document = act juridic; contract; document oficial 103. intent = mental desire / willingness to act in a certain way = intenie; scop; nelesul unei formulri ntr-o lege/ document. 104. inter alia = (Latin) among other things. 105. ipso facto = (Latin) by the very fact itself. 106. issue = to produce or provide something official = 1. chestiune problem; 2. a emite; a elabora; a promulga; a soluiona 107. judge = public official who hears and decides cases in court = judector 108. judge-made law = (also case law. common law) body of law formed through judicial/court decisions, as opposed to law formed through statutes or written legislation = jurispruden 73 109. judgment lien = lien imposed on a person against whom a judgment has been entered but remains unsatisfied = drept de sechestru 110. juris doctor (JD) = (US) law degree (UK LLB). 111. juvenile court = court that hears cases involving children under a certain age = tribunalul minorilor; instana care judec procesele unde sunt implicai minori 112. law school (US) = graduate school offering courses in law leading to a law degree = facultatea de drept; studii n drept 113. legal entity = individual or organization that can enter into contracts, is responsible for its actions and can be sued for damages = persoan juridic 114. legal opinion = document outlining a lawyers understanding of the law regarding a particular situation = consult juridic 115. legal person = artificial entity created by law and given legal rights and duties; for example a corporation = persoan juridic

116. Legal Practice Course (LPC) = (UK) course that must be completed before a person can be qualified as a solicitor. It is the first step to becoming a solicitor (the second being working as a trainee solicitor, and the last being successful completion of the Professional Skills Course). 117. licence = (UK) permission or authority to do something which would otherwise be illegal. No interest is transferred in this case. (US license) = autorizaie; permis; licen (Marea Britanie); act de cesiune; autorizaie; brevet; cesiune; patent; permis; licen (SUA) 118. lien = interest or attachment in anothers property as security for payment of an obligation = 1. amanet; garanie; gaj; privilegiu; zlog; 2. drept de sechestru; drept de retenie; drept de gaj cu deposedare; drept de sechestru pe averea datornicului 119. lien creditor = creditor whose claim is secured by a lien = datornic sub drept de gaj 120. life estate = state granted only for the life of the grantee = posesiune viager; uzufruct imobiliar viager 121. life tenant = person who holds a life estate or an estate pur autre vie, or for the benefit of another = uzufructuar () 122. liquidated damages = (also stipulafed damages) compensatton that is agreed to in the contract = despgubiri/ daune interese precizate n cazul neexecutrii contractului 123. LLB (Legal Baccalaureus) = (UK) Bachelor of Laws, law degree (US JD, juris doctor) 124. lower court (also court of first instance) court whose decisions may be appealed to a higher court = judectorie (SUA); instana de fond; prima instan de judecat; instana de jurisdicie la care s-a introdus aciunea 125. magistrates court = (UK) court that has very limited powers = curtea magistrailor 126. maker = person who makes a promissory note = promitorul 127. market economy = economic system which permits the open exchange of goods and services between producers and consumers. In a market economy prices and production are largely determined by supply and demand. The contrasting model to a market economy is central planning and a nonmarket economy = economia de pia 128. material breach = breach of contract which is so fundamental or significant that the non breaching party is excused from its contractual obligations and may recover damages = violare/nerespectare n fapt 74 129. memorandum of association = (UK) legal document that sets out the important elements of the corporation, including its name, address, objects and powers. It is one of the two fundamental documents upon which registration of a company is based. (US articles of incorporation) = contract de asociere; memorandum de asociere; statut al unei societi 130. merchant = person who is engaged in the buying and selling of goods for profit = 1. comerciant; negustor; 2. comercial (merchant bank = banc comercial) 131. merchantability warranty = implied by law that something is fit for the ordinary purposes for which it is used. 132. minutes = notes or records of business conducted at a meeting = dare de seam; proces-verbal 133. monopoly = organization or group that has complete control of an area of business so that others have no share = monopol 134. moot court = fictitious court where law students argue hypothetical cases 135. mortgage = transfer of legal title of a property, often land, to another as

secunty for payment of a debt = 1. amanet; garanie; gaj; ipotec; ipotecare; 2. act de amanetare; act de ipotecare; 3. mprumut ipotecar; mprumut imobiliar 136. motion = application to a court to obtain an order, rulling, or decision = moiune 137. nemo dat rule = principle that states that one cannot give away more than one possesses. If one does not possess title to something, then one cannot transfer title of that thing to another. 138. non-consensual = not agreed to or formed by agreement of all parties = neconsensual 139. non-obvious = quality of an invention being unexpected or surprising or sufficiently different from other existing things. It is often a requirement for obtaining a patent = neclar 140. notice = document providing notification of a fact, claim, or proceeding = aviz; avertisment; consult; notificare; sfat 141. novation = substitution of an obligation with a new one, thereby canceling the old obligation = mod de stingere a obligaiei; novaiune 142. obligee = person to whom a right is owed = creditor 143. obligor = person who owes a right = debitor 144. offeree = party to whom an offer is made = propuntor de ofert 145. offeror = party that displays a willingness to enter into a contract of specified terms = ofertant 146. ordinance = (US) municipal law (UK by-law) = decret; ordonan 147. paralegal = person who assists a lawyer with legal advice but is not a lawyer = paralegal 148. Parol Evidence = the rule that evidence, apart from the actual contract itself cannot modify, explain, vary or contradict the written terms of a contract = depoziia martorului; depoziie verbal; mrturie n instan (parole = eliberare condiionat) 149. party = person or entity involved in an agreement = parte legal; persoan legal 150. pass of judgment/ a sentence = to give a verdict = a pronuna o sentin. 151. patent = grant from the government giving exclusive rights to an inventor to make, use or sell an invention for a specified period of time = sentin 152. payee = person who is being paid in a bill of exchange = beneficiarul unei pli; creditorul unei cambii 75 153. pecuniary compensation = remedy that involves compensating through money = despgubire pecuniar 154. penal law = (also criminal) area of law that deals with crime, punishment or penalties = drept penal 155. per annum = (Latin) per year. 156. per se = (Latin) by itself. 157. personal property = (also chattels in common law) things that are moveable (as opposed to real property) and capable of being owned = avere mobiliar; bunuri mobiliare; bunuri mobile; proprietate personal 158. petitioner = (US) person who brings a petition to a court, especially on appeal = petiionar; reclamant; solicitant 159. pleading = formal written statement setting forth the cause of action or the defence in a case = dezbatere judiciar; pledoarie; procedur juridic; concluzii 160. pledge = property which is security for a debt or obligation = amanet; asigurare; gaj; mrturie; obligaie; promisiune 161. pledgee = person who receives a pledge or the creditor in a secured transaction = amenetar; creditor gajist; deintor al unui obiect gajat

162. pledgor = person who gives a pledge or the debtor in a secured transaction = datornic cu gaj; debitor gajist; persoan care amaneteaz 163. priority right = right to enforce a claim before others = drept de preferin 164. pro forma = (Latin) as a matter of form. 165. pro rata = (Latin) proportionally. 166. promisee = person to whom a promise or an assurance that something will or will not be done is made = beneficiar al unei promisiuni 167. promisor = person who makes a promise or an assurance that they will or will not do something = promitor 168. promissory note = formal unconditional written note made and signed by a person obligating him or her to pay a specified sum of money to another specified person or to the bearer of the document = bilet la ordin 169. punitive damages = (also exemplary damages) compensation designed to punish the breaching party for conduct found to be reprehensible, e.g. fraud = despgubiri punitive 170. pupilage = (UK) one year of apprenticeship to become a barrister which follows the completion of the Bar Vocational Course = stagiu de pregtire a unui avocat 171. pur autre vie = estate granted only for the life of someone other than the grantee. 172. real property = land including anything attached to it = bunuri imobiliare; bunuri imobile; dreptul, titlul sau cota pe care o are o persoan n posesia unei proprieti imobiliare; proprietate imobiliar; proprietate real 173. reasonably prudent person (also reasonable person) = fictitious person used as a standard for legal reasoning in negligence cases 174. Registrar of Companies = (UK) officer in charge of keeping the list of limited companies registered at the Companies House. 175. regulation = order controlling through rules or restrictions = dispoziii; instruciuni; prescripii; reglementare; regulament; regul 176. rejection = refusal to accept an offer = respingere (to reject a claim = a contesta o crean) 76 177. release = to discharge a person from an obligation = 1. anulare; eliberare; eliberare condiionat; punere n libertate; scutire; 2. autorizaie; permis; 3. cesiune; transfer 178. remedy = means of preventing, redressing or compensating a violation of a right = compensaie; despgubire; recurs; remediu; reparaii juridice 179. respondent = see defendant = acuzat, inculpat; intimat; reclamant; responsabil; vinovat 180. restitution damages = compensation which is equal to the amount of money the breaching party received under the breached contract = daune de restituire 181. right = interest that is recognised and protected by law = drept; justiie; privilegiu 182. right of fair use = (US) defence to a claim of copyright infringement whereby permission from the artist is not required so long as usage of that artists work is reasonable and limited (UK). The concept of fair dealing is the closest equivalent: however, fair dealing is more restrictive than the US doctrine of fair use and in order to be protected, the use has to fall in one of several categories). 183. security = property pledged in order to secure the fulfillment of a promise or loan = 1. cauiune, garanie; gaj; 2. garant; girant 184. senior partner = person who has been a partner of a law firm for many years (the exact number of years may differ in each firm): in some law firms, an

official title given to some partners = avocat care are dreptul de a pleda n consiliul reginei 185. serve = a document on someone; to deliver a legal document to someone (which usually demands they go to a court of law or obey an order) = a deservi; a ispi o pedeaps; a notifica; a preda o citaie/ somaie 186. sex discrimination =different treatment, usually awarding privileges to some and denying privileges to others based on gender = discriminare sexual 187. sic (Latin) = thus. 188. single European market = established under the Single European Act, came into effect on 1 January 1993: the core of the process of European economic integration involving the removal of obstacles to the free movement of goods, services, people and capital between member states of the European Union = pia unic 189. small-claims court = court that handles civil claims for limited amounts of money = tribunal de plngeri minore 190. sole practitioner = lawyer who practises on his/her own = avocat liber profesionist 191. solicitor = (UK) lawyer who is qualified to give legal advice and prepare legal documents = 1. petiionar; petent; solicitant; 2. avocat consultatnt; consilier juridic; jurist; consilier judectoresc (SUA) 192. sole practice = law practice with only one lawyer = practic liber 193. special damages = (also consequential damages) damages that are awarded due to a particular wrong or particular circumstances = 194. statute = formal written law created by a legislative body such as a parliament, as opposed to a law created through the courts = act legislativ; lege; ordonan; regulament; statut 195. statutory forms = forms required by law = acte statutare 196. statutory lien = security interest created by legislation due to the economic relationship between the debtor and the creditor = ipotec legal; statutory burglary = furt calificat 197.submit = to deliver a document formally for a decision to be made by others = a prezenta un document / o ofert; a supune ateniei 198. sui juris = (Latin) of ones own right: able to exercise one's own legal rights. 199. tangible chattel/ property = property other than land that is capable of being touched or felt = bunuri corporale; proprietate tangibil 200. tort = wrong committed between private individuals for which the law provides a remedy = delict; ofens; pagub; prejudiciu 201. trade mark = (UK) word, phrase or symbol used by a manufacturer, seller or dealer to distinguish their goods apart from the goods of others (US trademark) = marc comercial 202. trade union = (UK) association of employees formed to further their mutual interests with respect to their employment, for example working hours, wages, conditions, etc. (US labor union) = sindicat 203. trainee solicitor = (UK) position of one who is completing the practical apprenticeship required for a person to qualify as a solicitor. It is the second step to becoming a solicitor (follows the completion of the legal Practice Course and is followed by the Professional Skills Course) = avocat stagiar 204. tribunal = body with either judicial or quasi-judicial functions = tribunal 205. ultra vires = (Latin) unauthorised; beyond a person's legal powers. 206. usufruct = right to use another persons property for a period of time, to be later restored to the owner with only ordinary wear and tear = uzufruct

207. versus = (vs, or v,) (Latin) against 208. vest = 1) to give full title to a property to a person; 2) to give a person an immediate fixed right = a nvesti; a mputernici; a transfera un drept legal 209. videlicet = (viz.) (Latin) as follows. 210. writ = document informing someone that they will be involved in a legal process and instructing them what they must do = citaie; document; nscris; mandat; ordonan; somaie 211. written resolution = written expression of an intention or opinion decided at a meeting = decizie scris 212. stipendiary = a full-time paid magistrate who has qualified as a lawyer. 213. lay magistrate = unpaid and is an established member of the local community. 214. circuit = a geographical division for legal purposes; England and Wales are divided into six. 215. recorder = a part-time judge with ten years standing as a barrister or solicitor = arhivar (Marea Britanie); avocat numit de coroan n funcia de judector;