Index

Index terms A
alloys applications corrosion resistance modulus of elasticity precipitation hardening processing properties solid solution hardening strengthening mechanisms alloys and grades -case colony size colony size/property correlations colony structure grain size CP titanium fully equiaxed structure (+ alloys) lamellae lamellae width layer 154 186 30 179 30 247 162 191 178 182 39 279 31 174 170 14 35 151 150 35 160 32 48 30 191 30 178 149 135 178 163 160 160 150

Links

175

165

213

175 185 182

208 185 178

212

242

185

193

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369

370

Index terms
nucleation and growth phase anisotropy CRSS crystal structure modulus of elasticity precipitation hardening shear modulus slip modes solid solution hardening twinning modes unit cell platelets ( alloys) plates ( alloys) stabilizing elements p (see primary ) 2 alloys alloying elements 2 phase microstructures properties Super 2 alloy 2 phase (Ti3Al) anti-phase boundaries cleavage fracture crystal structure deformation modes ordered lattice planar slip prism shear 297 291 290 290 290 291 290 299 293 294 294 301 294 301 14 19 13 14 35 15 17 35 20 14 38 39 21 248 252 30

Links

260 260

275 275 277

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Index terms
2 phase (Ti3Al) (Continued) slip systems 2 plates 2 precipitates martensite (hexagonal) martensite (orthorhombic) / boundary + alloys applications corrosion resistance crystallographic texture modulus of elasticity processing properties ABAQUS acicular martensite acid leaching aero-engine applications blisk cast fan frame cast LPT blades cast transmission adapter case compressor casing compressor rotor compressor spool exhaust structure fan blades fan casing fan disk 245 85 308 229 121 110 227 284 225 81 80 227 228 132 244 229 290 294 35 212 27 27 27 32 224 45 184 16 177 190 79 27 54 220 221 29 160 233

Links

175 242

180

191

286

286

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Index terms
aero-engine applications (Continued) GE-909 impeller integrally bladed rotor manifold TMC rings for rotating parts TMC shaft aging (+ alloys) aging ( alloys) aggressive environments aircraft applications bulkhead forging cargo handling fittings cast brake torque tube cast exhaust nozzle flap helicopter rotor head landing gear beam forging nacelle structure nut clips springs TMC augmentor actuater links wing attach fitting wingbox airframe application airplane SR-71 Al equivalent content allotropic transformation temperature alloy classification alloy element partitioning 78 283 285 310 286 79 284 283 284 327 225 100 8 3 23 13 31 35 185 109 224 81 120 111 101 325 326 180 248 274 166 191 253 245 227 228

Links

212 256

233 261

242 262

224

281

282

202

240

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Index terms
alloy refining alloying elements ammonium bifluoride etching (ABF) anisotropic behavior ( processed condition) anisotropy ( phase) anodizing colors annealing/aging temperature anti-phase boundaries applications aero-engine (see aero-engine) aerospace aircraft (see aircraft) architecture armor components automotive biomedical materials Boeing airframes coal burning power generation plants consumer goods decorative arts downhole service GE-90 aero-engine heat exchangers high performance vehicles jewelry offshore structures pressure vessels pulp and paper production sports equipment steam turbine blades 9 230 11 11 8 174 9 355 287 9 158 11 355 9 103 174 10 230 351 230 174 172 355 92 343 354 174 65 21 130 264 15 355 180 290 209 297 293

Links
299

299

311

349

232

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374

Index terms
applications of CP titanium armor components artifacts (LM) artifacts (TEM) athermal phase autogeneous welding 167 230 34 140 28 108 136

Links

B
alloys applications corrosion resistance modulus of elasticity precipitation hardening processing properties solid solution hardening annealed structure (+ alloys) microstructure processing route properties annealed structure (heavy stabilized alloys) microstructure processing route properties annealed structure (high strength alloys) fatigue crack propagation fracture toughness HCF strength microstructure processing route 249 248 262 262 269 272 266 252 252 277 279 268 275 275 279 279 277 178 177 191 213 217 238 32 281 46 15 36 247 261 36

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375

Index terms
annealed structure (high strength alloys) (Continued) tensile ductility yield stress eutectoid forming elements grain size (+ alloys) grain size ( alloys) isomorphous elements phase crystal structure modulus of elasticity precipitation hardening slip modes solid solution hardening unit cell processed structure (+ alloys) microstructure processing route processed structure (high strength alloys) fatigue crack propagation fracture toughness HCF strength microstructure processing route tensile ductility yield stress stabilizing elements transus temperature 2 phase particles bar 180 180 262 269 272 266 254 254 264 264 22 32 294 37 71 249 299 249 14 15 36 19 36 14 263 263 22 177 249 22 183 252 275 275

Links
279

185 259

194 262 279

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376

Index terms
basket weave structure bcc unit cell bend factor beta flecks biaxial deformation bicycle applications bi-lamellar structure billet bi-modal structure (+ alloys) crystallographic texture formation mechanism interconnecting p grains microstructure processing route properties bi-modal structure (high strength alloys) fatigue crack propagation fracture toughness HCF strength microstructure processing route tensile ductility yield stress biomedical alloys biomedical applications blended elemental powder route blisk (bladed disk) blocker blooming mill blue etch anodizing (BEA) 184 185 209 183 182 191 262 270 272 266 259 259 263 263 11 11 91 9 78 151 130 153 245 345 343 268 194 31 14 96 57 158 10 191 71 67 161 352 217

Links

69

242

348

201

209

235

349

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Index terms
bone plate brittle fracture bulk head forging Burger relationship Burgers vector burn resistant titanium alloys buy to fly ratio 346 165 78 27 17 336 79 168 81 30

Links
291 224 39 184 294

r r c + a slip

18 283 85 229 285 350 10 348 86 86 225 85 71 86 86 165 121 121 122 122

290 229

cargo handling fittings cast aero-engine fan frame cast aero-engine transmission adapter case cast brake torque tube cast turbocharger rotor cast golf club heads cast hip joint stem cast porosity cast pump impeller cast wing attach fitting casting casting electrode casting furnace ceramic shell charpy impact energy chemical milled compressor casing chemical milling HNO3/HF ratio hydrogen pickup

352

151

73 88

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378

Index terms
chlorination chlorinator classification of alloys cleavage fracture closed die forging coatings coherent 2 precipitates coherent particles coherent particles coil cold hearth furnace cold hearth melted slab cold hearth melting (CHM) cold isostatic pressing (CIP) cold rolling colony structure color of titanium color wheel commercially pure titanium (see CP titanium) compression twins compressive residual stress compressor casing compressor disk microstructure compressor rotor compressor spool condenser conditioning connecting rod consumer goods 20 114 121 182 110 227 173 71 92 9 355 133 244 119 228 51 52 31 165 77 50 35 37 37 76 63 65 62 91 76 30 355 144 152 178 151 152 291

Links

161 153

286

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379

Index terms
continuous layer conventional machining conventional sheet forming coolant fed drills coolants cooling rate effects + alloys alloys Super 2 alloy corrosion behavior corrosion resistance corrosive environments cost elements for sponge cost of titanium cost sensitivity CP titanium annealing temperature applications castings charpy impact energy corrosion resistance crystallographic texture forgings grain size HCF strength iron content microstructural features modulus of elasticity 154 167 87 165 45 161 151 154 160 150 151 16 160 162 162 154 166 156 172 151 178 235 254 301 45 45 166 55 5 11 166 166 186 238 259 30 247 83 95 84 83 39 279

Links
178 185 193

188

192

200

287

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380

Index terms
CP titanium (Continued) oxygen content processing route rolled products slip modes strengthening mechanisms tensile ductility tubes twinning modes yield stress CP titanium grades crack closure crack front geometry creep flattening creep resistance (+ alloys) grain size (fully equiaxed structure) 2 precipitates (aging) annealed structure bi-lamellar structure bi-modal structure crystallographic texture creep resistance ( alloys) creep resistance ( alloys) creep resistance (Super 2 alloy) creep resistance (TMCs) crevice corrosion crevice corrosion test CRSS 31 151 152 17 160 160 107 20 150 31 192 192 271 74 191 242 242 238 242 238 243 262 307 302 323 46 170 19 167 278 160 149 199 197 276 157 162 35

Links
150 160

162 215 206 280 211 218

170

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381

Index terms
crystal structure crystallographic relationship crystallographic texture crystallographic texture investigation cutting tool life cutting tool materials 14 27 75 220 137 83 83 290 31 157 243 144

Links
296 192 161 297 184 191

D
deep drawing definition of alloys definition of + alloys definition of alloys definition of heavily stabilized alloys definition of high strength alloys DEFORM deformation modes deformation twinning density die forging diffusion diffusion bonded joint diffusion bonding (DB) diffusivity data disks distillation process dovetail slots inspection ductile fracture ductile inclusions 158 33 33 33 247 247 79 17 20 13 77 43 99 98 44 80 52 132 164 294 193 227 286 290 154 42 160 149

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Index terms
ductility loss duplex structure (see bi-modal structure) dye penetrant inspection 124 133 168

Links

E
eddy current inspection elastic properties electrical resistivity electrochemical machining (ECM) electro-deoxidation process (EDO) electrolytic polishing electrolytic refining electromagnetic probe electron beam welding (EBW) electro winning ELI grades environmental effects equiaxed structure (see fully equiaxed structure) equivalent Al content equivalent Mo content etching exhaust system for motorcycles extra low interstitials (ELI) eyeglass frames 23 28 136 352 32 343 150 213 230 124 14 41 123 56 136 56 132 108 56 32 47 150 222 213 237 230 305 139 147 132 221

F
fan blades fan casing fan disk 225 81 80 227 286

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Index terms
fast diffusing elements fatigue crack nucleation + alloys alloys fatigue crack propagation (+ alloys) 2 precipitation (aging) annealed structure bi-lamellar structure bi-modal structure crystallographic texture fully equiaxed structure oxygen fatigue crack propagation ( alloys) fatigue crack propagation (TMCs) fatigue life calculation fatigue specimen preparation Fe content Fe diffusivity Fe stabilized phase filler wire first melt electrode flame cut fluidized bed fluorescent dye fluorescent penetrant inspection focused ion beam device (FIB) forging forging press forging process modeling 195 268 191 213 196 218 205 222 210 214 262 321 227 147 150 43 154 107 59 59 51 134 133 140 77 77 79 154 269 237 202 43

Links

205

209

276

279

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384

Index terms
forgings formability index Formula-One racing cars fracture mode brittle ductile fracture surface examination fracture toughness (+ alloys) 2 precipitates (aging) annealed structure bi-lamellar structure bi-modal structure crystallographic texture fully equiaxed structure oxygen fracture toughness ( alloys) frame type heat exchanger freezing segregation friction stir welding friction welding Fukuoka Dome fully equiaxed structure (+ alloys) crystallographic texture formation mechanism microstructure processing route properties fusion weld fusion welded pressure vessel fusion welding 184 186 186 186 191 104 103 102 208 188 220 168 164 143 191 215 200 218 206 223 212 215 262 172 61 112 109 9 354 272 206 193 78 96 11 80

Links
282 287

279

221

242

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385

Index terms G
alloys 2+ lath structure alloying elements applications 2 phase boron additions microstructures oxidation behavior processing properties product forms phase (TiAl) crystal structure ordered lattice slip systems gas atomization process gas atomized powder gas metal arc welding (GMAW) gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) gates general corrosion GFM globular particles ( alloys) globular structure (see fully equiaxed structure) globularization mechanism golf club heads grade designations grade numbers 185 10 149 150 187 352 292 293 292 89 90 107 106 88 45 72 256 297 293 308 299 306 297 300 306 307 306 297

Links

299

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386

Index terms
grain boundary (see layer) grain shape grain size (see grain size, grain size) grain switching mechanism gravity separation Gregor growth of plates 97 63 2 30 181 255

Links
263

H
Hall-Petch relationship hard alpha hardening mechanisms hardening of phase hardening of phase HCF strength (+ alloys) 2 precipitates (aging) annealed structure bi-lamellar structure bi-modal structure crystallographic texture fully equiaxed structure oxygen HCF strength ( alloys) HCF strength (CP titanium) HCF strength ( alloys) HCF strength (Super 2 alloy) HCF strength (TMCs) HCF strength/yield stress ratio HDH process 154 58 34 35 36 191 213 195 218 202 222 208 213 262 160 307 304 321 160 22 162 91 195 278 266 162 277 163 67 127

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Index terms
hearth only process heat affected zone (HAZ) heat exchanger heating rate helicopter rotor head hexagonal martensite () hexagonal unit cell HF/HNO3 etching high density inclusions (HDIs) high interstitial defects (HIDs) high loading rates high temperature alloys (+ alloys) 2 precipitates alloy element partitioning applications cooling rate intermediate annealing treatment (bi-modal structure) intermediate annealing treatment (lamellar structure) processing silicides volume fraction of primary high temperature properties (+ alloys) creep resistance fatigue crack propagation HCF strength LCF strength tensile ductility yield stress 238 237 202 236 202 202 236 235 204 233 240 244 235 240 242 234 233 240 243 238 66 104 158 249 286 27 14 130 57 57 165 63 167

Links

172

65

70

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388

Index terms
high temperature properties (orthorhombic alloys) high temperature properties (Super 2 alloy) hip joint implant history of titanium homogeneous distribution of platelets homogenization annealing homogenization time hot band hot isostatic pressing (HIP) hot rolling hot working Hunter process hybride vehicle hydraulic fluid resistance hydride precipitation hydrides (TEM artifacts) hydrogen content hydrogen diffusivity hydrogen effects on properties hydrogen embrittlement hydrogen pickup hydrogen powered vehicles hydrogen removal hydrogen storage materials hydrogen tolerance hydrostatic tensile stress 303 301 347 2 39 70 152 76 85 74 71 53 338 285 168 140 22 44 48 48 47 338 122 338 48 169 156 222 168 122 152 88 151 250 304

Links

306

91

237 156 168

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389

Index terms I
ignition tests ilmenite impeller incoherent platelets incoherent plates inert gas shield inert gas sweep inertia weld macrostructure inertia welded fan disk inertia welded compressor rotor inertia welded compressor spool inertia welding inertia welding modeling ingot non-axisymmetric round ingot conditioning inhomogeneous distribution of platelets inspection methods inspection of DB joints integrally bladed rotor intercrystalline fracture interface phase (TEM artifact) interference microscopy intermediate annealing treatment (bi-modal structure) intermediate annealing treatment (high strength alloys) 63 59 71 40 123 100 111 193 140 137 203 253 240 227 250 65 336 2 121 39 30 106 54 110 80 110 227 109 109 286 133 244 51 244 253 253

Links

286

151

153

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390

Index terms
intermediate annealing treatment (lamellar structure) internal fatigue crack nucleation internal hydrogen internal porosity internal stress measurement International Conferences on Titanium interstitial stabilized defects investment cast aero-engine frame investment casting ion milling iron content iron diffusivity iron stabilized phase isothermal particles 217 115 48 85 146 1 55 85 85 139 150 43 154 37 154 229 242 224

Links

J
jet polishing joining methods 139 102

K
Klaproth Kroll Kroll process Krolls etch 2 2 2 136 51 53

L
lamellar microstructure landing gear beam forging 30 79 177 224 281

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Index terms
laser deposition laser deposition apparatus laser shock processed impeller laser shock processing intensity laser coupling residual stresses lath structure (2+) LCF strength (+ alloys) 2 precipitates (aging) annealed structure bi-lamellar structure bi-modal structure oxygen light microscopy (LM) limiting draw ratio (LDR) linear friction weld microstructure linear friction welding liquid hydrogen fuel system LM artifacts low cost titanium parts 214 199 218 205 214 135 158 112 9 174 34 11 136 227 111 236 205 93 95 121 118 119 119 120 297

Links

227

M
m value machined blisk machined fan disk machining macrostructure of inertia weld manifold 97 245 80 79 110 101 228 83 101

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392

Index terms
market shares (alloy type) market shares (application) martensite microstructure modulus of elasticity MS temperature transformation martensite (LM artifact) martensite (TEM artifact) massive martensite mean stress effect on HCF strength mechanical polishing mechanical polishing artifacts mechanical testing melt related defects metal inert gas welding (MIG) metallic titanium production processes sponge melting melting temperature metastable phase diagram metastable phases (, ) Mg reduction microstructural features + alloys alloys CP titanium microstructure of colonies 177 248 151 30 143 233 56 51 57 13 37 36 2 53 27 16 28 27 34 142 27 224 135 136 147 57 107 66 147 136 178 7 5

Links

178

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Index terms
microstrucrure of compressor disk microstrucrure of DB joint microstrucrure of fusion weld microstructure of HAZ microstructure of linear friction weld microstructure of martensite microtexture investigation mill products mill-annealed condition mill-annealed structure (+ alloys) crystallographic texture microstructure processing route Mo equivalent content modeling of forging process modeling of inertia welding modulated structure modulus of elasticity MS temperature multistage compressor rotor multi-zone ultrasonic inspection 184 106 189 28 79 109 28 14 28 110 127 35 160 220 190 182 99 104 104 112 27 137 71 74 189 178 144

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221

319

N
95-99 curves Na reduction near alloys necklace microstructure noble metals addition non-aerospace applications 114 2 33 256 45 9 47 150 166 170 53

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394

Index terms
nonuniform platelets distribution nonuniform recrystallization Normaski interference microscopy nucleation of plates nut clips 39 250 137 30 283 250

Links

O
off-road racing trucks offshore applications omega phase athermal transformation modulus of elasticity precipitation open die forging ordered 2 phase ordered lattice orientation image microscopy (OIM) orientation polyhedron Orowan mechanism orthorhombic alloys orthorhombic martensite () orthorhombic phase overpeening oxalic acid stain etch oxidation oxidation resistant alloys oxide layer oxide layer thickness 28 16 37 77 289 289 144 145 274 303 27 296 117 136 48 49 49 355 284 135 300 300 138 35 294 291 293 297 249 11 9 230

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Index terms
oxide surface film passivation oxidizing environments oxygen content 45 45 31 212 170 166 35

Links

150

161

191

P
pack rolling paint particulate reinforcement passive oxide film permanent mold casting PGM additions phase diagrams Ti-Al Ti-Al-V (isothermal sections) Ti-Cr Ti-Fe Ti-Mo phase transformations pickling pile-ups pitting corrosion planar slip plasma arc welding (PAW) plate plate heat exchanger plateau etching platinum group metals (PGM) addition 75 2 92 45 89 45 21 23 26 25 68 24 27 121 35 46 35 108 71 172 143 45 47 150 166 170 73 38 162 223 292 38 263 291 47 150 166 170 170 152

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396

Index terms
polarized light microscopy pole figure determination pole figures polishing artifacts porosity powder metallurgy powder size pre-aging precipitate-free-zone precipitation hardening precipitation of platelets precipitation of 2 precursors PREP powder pressure vessel primary (p) size primary (p) volume fraction primary processing processing control processing modeling processing route + alloys alloys CP titanium processing temperature protective surface oxide film pseudo-binary phase diagram 177 248 152 184 45 33 154 234 170 234 137 146 161 136 85 89 90 40 248 35 223 38 35 223 38 90 103 182 184 70 254 79 256 174 184 202 160 233 248 160 233 40 250 184 156

Links

220

175 242 253 175 242 249

191 262 191

212 274 212

204 209 240 260

249

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397

Index terms
purification of sponge acid leaching inert gas sweep vacuum distillation 54 54 54

Links

R
R-ratio r value racing bicycle racing cars racing motorcycles racing wheelchair radiographic inspection rammed graphite casting rectilinear shape recrystallization recrystallization annealing temperature recrystallization annealing time reducing environments reduction by Mg Na REP powder residual compressive stress residual tensile stress revert ring rolled cylinder ring rolling risers 2 2 89 114 115 59 82 81 88 70 53 53 191 158 352 11 352 352 124 86 79 71 156 249 45 166 154 184 184 187 187 260 260 129 352 199 215 223

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398

Index terms
robotic peening roller expansion rolling mill rotating electrode process (REP) rutile 116 158 74 89 2 51 172

Links

S
scale (oxide layer) scanning electron microscopy (SEM) fracture surface microstructure orientation image (OIM) Schmidt factor scrap seamless cylinder secondary precipitates (+ alloys) segregation self-diffusion of titanium Sendzimir mill shape memory alloys (TiNi) applications aging effect on MS crystal structure composition effect on MS one-way shape memory strain reversibility superelasticity transformation sequence twinned martensite two-way shape memory 343 342 339 342 343 341 340 340 329 344 341 344 143 143 144 18 59 81 188 61 43 76 191 67 217 70 49 300

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399

Index terms
shaped eddy current probe shear modulus shearing of coherent particles sheet sheet formability index sheet formed parts sheet forming shell type heat exchanger shot peening Almen intensity fatigue life machines pressure residual stresses stress relaxation time shrinkage pores side-plates silicides slip bands slip length/property correlation slip modes slip steps at the surface slow diffusing elements smeared metal soft ball bats soft zones along grain boundaries solid solution hardening 117 117 116 114 114 115 117 86 252 233 35 223 192 17 48 43 135 353 248 35 263 160 255 243 38 213 290 237 117 119 147 132 15 35 71 96 283 95 158 172 38 73

Links

212 75

162

195

213

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400

Index terms
solidification sonic shape specific heat capacity SPF SPF/DB SPF/DB component spinodal decomposition split crucible furnace sponge sponge cake sponge cost elements sponge crushing sponge fines sponge fire sponge particle size sponge price sponge production sponge production (USA) sponge production capacity (worldwide) sports equipment spring back springs steam turbine blades Steckel mill stent stop-off agent strain induced porosity strain localization 61 79 41 97 98 101 28 88 2 53 55 55 91 55 55 5 51 4 3 9 96 284 230 76 343 100 72 35 213 127 38 223 153 351 158 350 93 35 67

Links

160 263

162 275

195

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401

Index terms
strain rate sensitivity strength to density ratio stress corrosion susceptibility stress induced martensite (artifact) stress relieving treatment strip structure/property correlations + alloys alloys subsurface fatigue crack nucleation Super 2 alloy superconducting Nb-47Ti alloy artificial pinning center material (APC) microstructure processing wire superconductivity superheat superplastic behavior superplastic forming superplastically formed part surface damage surface effects on fatigue life surface etching inspection surface oxide layer surface replication inspection surface treatment suspension springs symphathetic nucleation and growth 333 332 332 332 329 65 97 97 99 84 147 124 49 124 113 350 30 129 300 134 114 86 191 262 115 294 224 302 97 42 175 34 180 75 223 136 189

Links

209

213

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402

Index terms T
TR value TEM artifacts temperature dependence of CRSS temperature dependence of E temperature dependence of G tensile ductility (+ alloys) 2 precipitates (aging) annealed structure bi-lamellar structure bi-modal structure crystallographic texture fully equiaxed structure oxygen tensile ductility ( alloys) tensile ductility (CP titanium) tensile ductility ( alloys) tensile ductility (orthorhombic alloys) tensile ductility (Super 2 alloy) tension twins texture texture investigation thermal conductivity thermal expansion coefficient thermo-mechanical processing thickness of oxide layer thin foil preparation 96 140 19 16 16 191 213 193 218 194 221 208 213 262 160 307 305 301 20 75 220 137 41 41 79 355 137 139 157 243 144 275 202 202

Links

236

279

161

184

191

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403

Index terms
through-transus processed structure (high strength alloys) microstructure processing route Ti-Al phase diagram Ti-Al-V (isothermal sections) Ti-Cr phase diagram Ti-Fe phase diagram Ti-Mo phase diagram TiCl4 distillation reduction by Mg reduction by Na TiN TiO2 titanium fire (aero-engine compressor) titanium matrix composites (TMCs) applications carbon coating on fibres cost cross plies cross weave wires degradation fibre architecture fibre/matrix interface fibre orientation fibre touching fibres microstructure monotape 325 317 325 315 317 323 319 317 319 314 313 315 315 323 316 325 323 328 262 257 256 23 26 25 68 24 2 52 2 2 68 2 335 51 53 53 51 258

Links

55

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404

Index terms
titanium matrix composites (TMCs) (Continued) oxidation processing methods properties tool life torque monitoring transmission electron microscopy (TEM) tube welding tubes tungsten inert gas welding (TIG) turnings twinning twinning modes twins type I defects type II defects 323 314 318 83 84 139 106 157 89 59 138 20 138 57 57 155 67 69 154 157 172 106 325

Links

161

127

U
ultrasonic inspection detection capability false positives multi-zone method scan trace sonic shape transducer ultrasonic image undeformable platelets unit cell unrecrystallized grain structure upsetting 124 125 126 127 125 79 124 127 39 14 180 78 291 254 293 297 128

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405

Index terms
usage by alloy type (USA) usage by market sector Japan USA USSR 6 7 6 7

Links

V
vacuum arc remelting (VAR) vacuum casting furnace vacuum distillation of sponge vacuum distillation process (VDP) vapor honing VAR final step VAR furnace VAR ingot void coalescence void nucleation voids volume fraction of phase volume fraction of plates volume fraction of 2 precipitates 58 88 54 54 116 66 61 59 164 164 72 247 253 35 127 250 260 233 253 151

W
warm forming wavy slip wax pattern weld repair (castings) weldability welding 159 35 86 88 151 102 170 249 161

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406

Index terms
welding of tubes Widmansttten structure wingbox 106 31 100 157 178 109

Links

X
X-ray computer tomography X-ray diffraction 129 146

Y
yield stress ( alloys) yield stress (+ alloys) 2 precipitates (aging) annealed structure bi-lamellar structure bi-modal structure crystallographic texture fully equiaxed structure oxygen yield stress ( alloys) yield stress (CP titanium) yield stress ( alloys) yield stress (orthorhombic alloys) yield stress (Super 2 alloy) 150 191 213 193 218 202 221 208 213 262 150 307 304 301 275 160 279 236 242 202 160 175

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