Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Year 1 Semester 1
Group 1
Group Member:
Experiment No. 8
Objectives:
- To determine the amount of nickel in a given salt via gravimetry analysis.
- The weight per cent of nickel in salt is calculated and compared with the theoretical
value.
The gravimetric analysis is the method used in the field of chemistry which involves the
weighing of the reactant and the product, before and after the chemical reaction. The product
which is usually of known composition is the precipitate formed from the reaction. The
precipitate formed has a very low solubility product, Ksp and thus is very insoluble in water.
The principle of the gravimetric analysis is the formation of the insoluble precipitate
from the soluble reactants. The solution will react with an excess of a second reagent and the
precipitate of known composition will be formed. The precipitate is then dried and weighed
so that the molar quantity of the solution can be determined. In the gravimetric analysis, all
the reactants are assumed to react to form the same product (precipitate).
In the gravimetric analysis, the precipitate with larger particle sizes is preferred as they
are easier to be collected and they also contain fewer contaminants. The particle a size of the
precipitate is depends on the chemical properties of the precipitate and also the condition of
the reaction during the precipitation. Besides, the particle size may also affected by the
temperature, concentration of the reactant, and also the rate of the second reagent added to
the solution.
The process of precipitation consists of two stages: the nucleation and the particle
growth. The precipitation is initiated with nucleation stage which is then followed by the
particle growth stage. The particle size of the precipitate is depends on the two stages in
which one is predominates in the process. If the nucleation process dominates the
precipitations process, the average particle size of the precipitate will be very small. If the
particle growth dominates the precipitation process, the average particle size of the
precipitate will be larger.
Usually, the precipitate formed will be filtrated using the suction pump, Buchner flask
and crucible. The mother liquor (the solution from which the precipitate formed) is poured
into the crucible which has already covered by layers of filter paper, the suction pump will
forces the liquor into the Buchner flask while the precipitate will be filtered on the filter
papers. The filtrate is then heated to dehydrate the remaining water.
One of the most popular gravimetric analysis is the determination of nickel by using
dimethylgloxime as second reagent. The dimethylgloxime is an organic precipitating agent
which is also called chelating agent. The dimethylgloxime will reacts with the nickel ions to
form an insoluble precipitate, nickel dimethylgloxime, Ni(C4H7O2N2)2. The precipitate
formed from this reaction is also known as coordination compound. The dimethylgloxime has
two functional groups that can from dative covalent bonds with the nickel ion by donating a
pair of the electrons to the nickel ion.
The using of dimethylgloxime as the precipitating agent has several advantages in
gravimetric analysis. The dimethylgloxime will form a precipitate with nickel ions with
almost totally specificity. Besides, the precipitate formed, nickel dimethylgloxime is in bright
red in color. This makes the experimenter easy to detect if there is any precipitate remaining
in the wall of the beaker after all the mother liquor has poured onto the filter papers in the
crucible. This indirectly increases the accuracy of the weight of the precipitate measured.
Nickel dimethylgloxime, the precipitate is also thermally stable and it can be dried in the
oven from 100°C to 110°C without having the risk that it will thermally decomposed into
other chemicals.
Experiment Procedures:
Procedures-
Percentage of nickel in
Nickel Ammonium Sulphate, % = 58.71 x 100%
286.93
= 20.46%
Percentage of nickel
in Nickel Dimethylgloxime, % = 58.71 x 100%
288.97
= 20.32%
I m not really understands the objective of this exp, so this calculation is hanging here……
Discussion-
!@#$
Precaution-
Materials such as hydrochloric acid, HCl and concentrated ammonia, NH 3 should be handle
with care to prevent any unwanted accident to happen since these materials are very
corrosive.
Large excess of concentrated ammonia was avoided since it may lead to increasing solubility
or contamination of the precipitate, furthermore to avoid the waste of material.
Glass rod was used when pouring Nickel Dimethylgloxime into the suction pump as to guide
the solution to be concentrated in the middle of the filter paper.
Two layers of filter paper were used as the suction pump is too powerful and might cause the
filter paper to puncture if only one layer was used.
Watch glass was used while weighing the Nickel Dimethylgloxime on the analytical balance
to prevent Nickel Dimethylgloxime to spill on the pan.
Conclusion:
!@#$
Reference:
Seamus P. J. Higson, Analytical Chemistry, Oxford, 2004.
Questions:
1. Calculate the weight per cent of nickel in the salt and compare your result with the
theoretical weight per cent.