CONTROL SYSTEM OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

1. The temperature control system in the human body is an example of a closed-loop control system. a) True b) False 2. In a temperature control system, what represents the output of the system? a) The re uired temperature. b) The actual temperature achie!ed. c) The heat produced by the system. d) The heatin" element. #. $hat is the !olta"e "ain of the followin" arran"ement?

a) %1+AB)&B b) B& %1+AB) c) %1+AB)&A d) A& %1+AB) '. (nder what conditions does the "ain of a feedbac) system approximate to 1&B? a) The loop "ain AB ** 1. b) The feedbac) path "ain B ** 1. c) The forward path "ain A ** 1. d) The loop "ain AB ++ 1. ,. $hat is the "ain of the followin" passi!e attenuator?

a) -.1 b) -.11 c) . d) 1/. $hat is the effect of ne"ati!e feedbac) on the "ain of an amplifier? a) It reduces the "ain by a factor of %1 0 AB). b) It reduces the "ain by a factor of 1&B. c) It increases the "ain by a factor of 1&B. d) It increases the "ain by a factor of %1 0 AB).

1. $hat is the effect of ne"ati!e feedbac) on the bandwidth of an amplifier? a) It reduces the bandwidth, often by a factor of %1 0 AB). b) It reduces the bandwidth, often by a factor of 1&B. c) It increases the bandwidth, often by a factor of %1 0 AB). d) It increases the bandwidth, often by a factor of 1&B. 2) $hat are the effects of ne"ati!e feedbac) on the input and output resistance of an amplifier? a) It increases input resistance and decreases output resistance. b) It can either increase or decrease the input and output resistance dependin" on how it is applied. c) It decreases input resistance and increases output resistance. d) It increases both input and output resistance. .) 3e"ati!e feedbac) reduces the noise corruptin" a si"nal by a factor of %1 0 AB). a) True b) False 1-. The dia"ram below shows a closed-loop control system. $hat element is represented by the circle labeled 4?

a) The error si"nal. b) The "oal. c)) The user d) The forward path 11) The open loop transfer function of a unity feed bac) control system is "i!en as 5%s) 6as 0 1s 2 The !alue of 7a8 to "i!e a phase mar"in of ',9 is e ual to a) -.1'1 b) -.''1 c) -.2'1 d) 1.1'1 12)The solution of the first order differential e uation x%t) 6 -#x%t), x %-) 6 x - is a) x %t) 6 x - e -#t b) x %t) 6 x - e -# c) x %t) 6 x - e -1&# d) x %t) 6 x - e -1 1#)The unit impulse response of a second order under-damped system startin" from rest is "i!en by c%t) 6 12., e -/t sin 2 t, %t -) The steady-state !alue of the unit step response of the system is e ual to a) - b) -.2, c) -., d) 1.1')The 3y uist plot of loop transfer function 5%s) :%s) of a closed loop control system passes throu"h the point %-1, ;-) in the 5%s) :%s) plane. The phase mar"in of the system is a) -9 c) ',9 c) .-9 d) 12-9 1,) '1. Transient response is basically because of a) <ouplin" b) Forces c) Friction d) =tored ener"y 1/)> ser!omechanism is a feed bac) control system re uires to control a)position b)a deri!ati!e of position c)?ither a or b d)3one of these 11)Transfer function of a system is used to calculate a)steady state "ain b)time constant c) order of a system d)@utput for a "i!en input 12)$hich of the followin" is a closed loop system ?

a)?lectric switch b)<ar starter c)A< "enerator d)>uto-Bilot for an aircraft 1.)$hich of the followin" is open loop system? a) $ard Ceonard control system b) >mplidyne c) >rmature controlled of A< motor d)Field controlled of A< motor 2-)The difference of the reference input and the actual output si"nal is called a) error si"nal b) controllin" si"nal c)actuatin" si"nal d)Transfer function 21) In a type1 system, the steady acceleration error is a) Dero b)(nity c) infinity d)none 22) In a second order system if the dampin" factor is less than unity the system will be a) (nder damped b) @!er damped c)<ritically damped d)Freely @scillatin" 2#) Ey increasin" the "ain ) of the system, the steady state error of the system a) decreases b)Increases c)remains unchan"ed d)may increase or decrease 2') <losed loop poles are a) Feroes of 5%s) :%s) c) Deroes of 10 5%s):%s) b) poles of 5%s) :%s) d)Boles of 10 5%s):%s)

2,)<onsider a unity feedbac) system

The pea) ma"nitude and the bandwith of the closed-loop fre uency response areG a) b) c) d) 2/)?arly applications of feedbac) control include which of the followin"? a) $atts flyball "o!ernor b) ebbelHs temperature re"ulator

c) water cloc) of Itesibios d) all of the abo!e 21) > model of a machine-tool system with unity feedbac) is

=electin" K2 6 1, determine a suitable !alue of K1 for a percent o!ershoot of approximately 2-J. a)K1 6 1., b)K1 6 ,.c)K1 6 -., d)K1 6 2., 22) <onsider a model of a chemical process with unity feedbac)

a) b) c) d)

2.)<onsider a feedbac) system in which a phase-lead compensator

The feedbac) system is a ne"ati!e unity feedbac) control system. <ompute the "ain and phase mar"in. a) b) c) d) <losed-loop system is unstable.

#-)<onsider an adapti!e suspension !ehicle modeled as a unity feedbac) system

a) <losed-loop system cannot trac) a ramp input for any Gc%s). b) c) d) #1) The !iable la"-compensation for a unity ne"ati!e feedbac) system with plant transfer function

a) b)

c) d)

#2) <onsider a space !ehicle model depicted in the bloc) dia"ram.

a) b) c) d) 3one of the abo!e ##) (sin" a 3ichols chart, determine the "ain and phase and mar"in of the system

a) b) c) d) #') The positionin" system of a printer can be modeled as

where the input K %s ) represents the desired position and L %s ) is the output position. If the input is a unit step input, the final !alue of the output isG a)

b) c) d) 3one of the abo!e

#,) <onsider a system with the closed-loop transfer function

with input R (s) and output Y (s). $hen all initial conditions are Dero and the input is an impulse, then the output y (t) is a) b) c) d) #/) <onsider a system represented by the bloc) dia"ramG

The closed-loop transfer function T(s)6Y(s)& R(s) is a) b) c) d) 3one of the abo!e

#1) <onsider the bloc) dia"ram below for Broblems #2 to '-.

#2) The closed-loop transfer function T(s) = Y(s)/R(s) isG a) b) c) d) #.) The closed-loop unit step response isG a) b) c) d) '-) The final !alue of y(t) isG a) b) c) d) '1) <onsider the differential e uation $here a) b) c) d) 3one of the abo!e is a unit step. The poles of this system areG

'2) > car of mass m 61---)" is attached to a truc) usin" a sprin" of stiffness K 6 2---3&m and a damper of constant b 6 2-- 3s&m. The truc) mo!es at a constant acceleration of a 6 -.1 m&s2.

The transfer function between the speed of the truc) and the speed of the car is G a) b) c) d) 3one of the abo!e

'#) <onsider the closed-loop systemG

<ompute the closed-loop transfer function and the closed-loop Deros a)

b) c)

d) '') <onsider the feedbac) systemG

>ssumin" R(s) 6 -, the closed-loop transfer function from the disturbance D(s) to the output Y(s) isG a) b) c) d) ',)Important modern applications of control systems include which of the followin"? a) Fuel-efficient and safe automobiles b) >utonomous robots c) >utomated manufacturin" d) >ll of the abo!e '/)<omplete the followin" sentence. <ontrol of an industrial process by automatic rather than manual means is often called MMMMMMMM. a) a desi"n "ap. b) automation. c) a specification. d) ne"ati!e feedbac) '1)<omplete the followin" sentenceG MMMMMMMMM are intrinsic in the pro"ression from an initial concept to the final product. a) Flyball "o!ernors b)<losed-loop feedbac) systems b)@pen-loop control systems d)Aesi"n "aps '2)<omplete the followin" sentenceG <ontrol en"ineers are concerned with understandin" and controllin" se"ments of their en!ironments, often called MMMMMMMM. a) ris). b) systems. c) desi"n synthesis. d) trade-offs. '.)?arly pioneers in the de!elopment of systems and control theory includeG a) :. $. Eode b) :. 3y uist c) :. =. Elac) d) >ll of the abo!e ,-)<omplete the followin" sentenceG >n open-loop control system utiliDes an actuatin" de!ice to control a process MMMMMMM. a) in en"ineerin" synthesis. b) in en"ineerin" desi"n. c) usin" feedbac). d)without usin" feedbac). ,1)> system with more than one input !ariable or more than one output !ariable is )nown by what name? a) Kobust control system b) <losed-loop feedbac) system c) @pen-loop feedbac) system d) Nulti!ariable control system

,2)<ontrol en"ineerin" is applicable to which fields of en"ineerin"? a) <hemical and en!ironmental b) Nechanical and aerospace c) ?lectrical and biomedical d) >ll of the abo!e ,#)<losed-loop control systems should ha!e which of the followin" propertiesG a) Aesirable responses to commands b) Cow sensiti!ity to chan"es in the plant parameters c) 5ood re"ulation a"ainst disturbances d) >ll of the abo!e ,') The slope of the asymptotic plot at !ery low%O ++P) and %O **1-) fre uencies are, respecti!elyG a) >t low fre uencyG slope 6 -2- dE&dec and at hi"h fre uencyG slope 6 -2- dE&dec b) >t low fre uencyG slope 6 2- dE&dec and at hi"h fre uencyG slope 6 2- dE&dec c) >t low fre uencyG slope 6 - dE&dec and at hi"h fre uencyG slope 6 -'- dE&dec d) >t low fre uencyG slope 6 - dE&dec and at hi"h fre uencyG slope 6 2- dE&dec ,,) The percent o!ershoot of the output to a unit step input is approximatelyG a) PO 6 1J b) PO 6 2-J c) PO 6 .J d) 3o o!ershoot ,/) (sin" the Kouth-:urwitD criterion, determine whether the system is stable, unstable, of mar"inally stable. a) =table b) unstable c) mar"inally stable ,1) > di"ital control system uses di"ital si"nals and a di"ital computer to control a process. a) True b) False ,2) The sampled si"nal is a!ailable only with limited precision. a) True b) False ,.) Koot locus methods are not applicable to di"ital control system desi"n and analysis. a) True b) False /-) > sampled system is stable if all the poles of the closed-loop transfer function lie outside the unit circle of the D-plane. a) True b) False /1) The D-transform is a conformal mappin" from the s-plane to the D-plane by the relation z = esT. a) True b) False /2) The si"nal flow "raph is used to find the a) stability of the system b) Transfer function of the system c) <ontrollability of the system d) @bser!ability of the system /#) The transfer function of the linear system is the a) ratio of the output ,Qo %t) and input Qi %t) b)ratio of the deri!ati!es of the out put and the input c) ratio of the Caplace transform of the out put and that of the input with all intial conditions Deroes d) 3one of the these. /')The impulse response of an KC circuit is a a) risin" exponential function b) decayin" exponential function c) step function d) Barobolic function

/,)> synchro transmitter recei!er unit is a a) two phase ac de!ice b) #-phase ac de!ice c) dc de!ice d) sin"le phase ac de!ice //) In the deri!ati!e error compensation dampin" a) decreases and settlin" time decreases b) increases and settlin" time increases c) decreases and settlin" time increases d) increases and settlin" time decreses. /1)In the position control systems,the de!ice used for pro!idin" rate feedbac) !olta"e is called a) Botentiometer b) =ynchro- transmitter c) synchro transformer d) Tacho"enerator /2) The ac motor used in ser!o application is a a) sin"le phase induction motor b) two phase induction motor c) three phase induction motor d) synchronous motor /.) The steady state error of a stable type - unity feedbac) system ,for a unit step function is a) b) R c) Ip d) 1& %10Ip ) 1-.Koot locus can be used to predict the system transient response a)true b)false 11)The most common use of the synchros is a)as error detector b)for transmission of arithmetic data c)for transmission of an"ular data d)for synchroniDation 12)=ynchro transmitter acts li)e a)an induction motor b)a transformer c)an alternator d)a rectifier 1#)The followin" de!ice may be used to control the position of a !ery small load a)an >< ser!o motor b)a A< ser!o motor c)a synchro d)none of these 1')The phase cross fre uency is the one at which the phase an"le is a)- b).- c)-.- d)121,)5ain mar"in is the reciprocal of the "ain at fre uency at which the phase an"le is a)- b).- c)12- d)-.1/).Cead-la" compensation is needed for a)transient response impro!ement b)steady state response impro!ement c)both transient and steady state response impro!ement d)none of these 11)>ddition of poles in transfer function causes a)lead compensation b)la" compensation c)la"-lead compensation d)none 12)>ddition of DeroHs in transfer function causes a)lead compensation b)la" compensation c)la"-lead compensation d)none 1.)Bresence of non-linearities in a control system tends to introduce a)transient error b)instability c)steady-state error d)all the abo!e 2-) > phase la" compensation will be a) impro!e relati!e stability b) increase the speed of response c) increase Eand width d) increase o!ershoot

21) For ma)in" the unstable system stable a) "ain of the system should be increases b) "ain of the system should be decreases c) the number of Deroes to the loop transfer function should be increased d) the number of poles to the loop transfer function should be increased 22) >s compared to a closed loop system, an open loop system is a) more stable as well as more accurate b) less stable as well as less accurate c) more stable but less accurate d) less stable but more accurate 2#) The phase lead compensation is used to a) increase rise time and decrease o!ershoot b) decrease both rise time and o!ershoot c) increase both rise time and o!ershoot d) decrease rise time and increase o!ershoot 2') > linear discrete time system has the characteristic e uation , F#--.21F6The system is a) stable b) mar"inally stable c) unstable d) stability cannot be accessed from the "i!en information 2,) 3on minimum phase transfer function is defined as the transfer function , which has a) Feroes and poles in the ri"ht half of s plane b) Deroes in the left half of s plane c) poles in the ri"ht half of s plane d) poles in the left half of s plane 2/) For a second order system, the dampin" ratio,-+S+1,then the roots of the characteristic polynomial are a) real but not e ual b) real and e ual c) complex con;u"ates d) ima"inary 21) Cead compensator 1)increases the mar"in of the stability 2) speeds up transient response #) does not affect the system error constant a) 2 T # are correct b) 1 T 2 are correct c) 1 T # are correct d) all are correct 22) In a synchro error detector, the output !olta"e is proportional to UO %t)V n, where O%t) Is the rotor !elocity and n e uals a) -2 b) -1 c) 1 d) 2 2.) The constant N-circles correspondin" to the ma"nitude %N) of the closed loop transfer function of a linear system of !alues of N "reater than one lie in the 5 plane is a) ri"ht of the N61 line b) left of the N61 line c) upper side of the N60;1 line d) lower side of the N6-;1 line .-) >n effect of phase-la" compensation on ser!o system performance is that a) for a "i!en relati!e stability, the !elocity constant is increased b) for a "i!en relati!e stability, the !elocity constant is decreased c) the bandwidth of the system is increased

d) the time response is made faster .1) The transfer function of the tachometer is of the form a) Is b) I&s c) I&%s01) d) I&s%s01) .2)The principles of homo"eneity and superposition are applied to a) linear time !ariant system b) non-linear time in!ariant system c) linear time in!ariant systems d) non-linear time in!ariant systems .#) the final !alue theorem is used to find the a) =teady state !alue of the system output b) intial !alue of the system output c) transient beha!iour of the system output d) 3one of these .')For a feedbac) control system of type 2, the steady state error for a ramp input is a) infinite b) constant c) Dero d) indeterminate .,) The transfer function of the system is 1-&10s.$hen operated as a unity feedbac) system ,the steady state error will be a) Dero b) 1&11 c) 1- d) infinity ./) If the "ain of the open loop system is doubled ,the "ain mar"in a) is not affected b)"ets doubled c) becomes half d) become one fourth .1) sinusoidal oscillators are a) stable b) unstable c) mar"inally unstable d)conditionally stable .2) phase mar"in of the sytem is used to specicy a) relati!e stability b) absolute stability c) time response d)fre uency response ..)$hich of the followin" is an example of an open loop system ? a) :ouse hold refri"erator b) Kespiratory system of an animal c) =tabiliDations of air pressure enterin" in to a mas) d) ?xecution of a pro"ram by a computer 1--) In a Eode plot of a unity feedbac) control system , the !alue of phase of 5%; O) at the "ain cross o!er fre uency is -12,W. The phase mar"in will be a)-12,W b) -,,W c) ,,W d)12,W

IC 1251 CONTROL SYSTEMS Two Marks Questions 1.What is fre uen!" res#onse$ % fre uen!" res#onse is the stea&" state res#onse of a s"ste' when the in#ut to

the s"ste' is a sinusoi&a( si)na(. 2.List out the &ifferent fre uen!" &o'ain s#e!ifi!ations$ The fre uen!" &o'ain s#e!ifi!ation are i*Resonant #eak. ii*Resonant fre uen!". +.,efine -resonant .eak /r*$ The 'a0i'u' 1a(ue of the 'a)nitu&e of !(ose& (oo# transfer fun!tion is !a((e& resonant #eak. 2.,efine -Resonant fre uen!"/f*$ The fre uen!" at whi!h resonant #eak o!!urs is !a((e& resonant fre uen!". 5.What is 3an&wi&th$ The 3an&wi&th is the ran)e of fre uen!ies for whi!h the s"ste' )ain Is 'ore than + &34.The 3an&wi&th is a 'easure of the a3i(it" of a fee&3a!k s"ste' to re#ro&u!e the in#ut si)na( 5noise re6e!tion !hara!teristi!s an& rise ti'e. 7.,efine Cut8off rate$ The s(o#e of the (o)8'a)nitu&e !ur1e near the !ut8off is !a((e& !ut8off rate. The !ut8off rate in&i!ates the a3i(it" to &istin)uish the si)na( fro' noise. 9.,efine -:ain Mar)in$ The )ain 'ar)in5k) is &efine& as the re!i#ro!a( of the 'a)nitu&e of the o#en (oo# transfer fun!tion at #hase !ross o1er fre uen!". :ain 'ar)in k) ; 1 < | :/6 #!* |. =.,efine .hase !ross o1er$ The fre uen!" at whi!h5 the #hase of o#en (oo# transfer fun!tions is !a((e& #hase !ross o1er fre uen!" #!. >.What is #hase 'ar)in$ The #hase 'ar)in 5 is the a'ount of #hase (a) at the )ain !ross o1er fre uen!" re uire& to 3rin) s"ste' to the 1er)e of insta3i(it". 11.,efine :ain !ross o1er$ The )ain !ross o1er fre uen!" )! is the fre uen!" at whi!h the 'a)nitu&e of the o#en (oo# transfer fun!tion is unit".. 12.What is 4o&e #(ot$ The 4o&e #(ot is the fre uen!" res#onse #(ot of the transfer fun!tion of a s"ste'. % 4o&e #(ot !onsists of two )ra#hs. One is the #(ot of 'a)nitu&e of

sinusoi&a( transfer fun!tion 1ersus (o) .The other is a #(ot of the #hase an)(e of a sinusoi&a( fun!tion 1ersus (o) . 1+.What are the 'ain a&1anta)es of 4o&e #(ot$ The 'ain a&1anta)es are? i* Mu(ti#(i!ation of 'a)nitu&e !an 3e in to a&&ition. ii* % si'#(e 'etho& for sket!hin) an a##ro0i'ate (o) !ur1e is a1ai(a3(e. iii* It is 3ase& on as"'#toti! a##ro0i'ation. Su!h a##ro0i'ation is suffi!ient if rou)h infor'ation on the fre uen!" res#onse !hara!teristi! is nee&e&. i1* The #hase an)(e !ur1es !an 3e easi(" &rawn if a te'#(ate for the #hase an)(e !ur1e of 1@ 6 is a1ai(a3(e. 12.,efine Corner fre uen!"$ The fre uen!" at whi!h the two as"'#toti! 'eet in a 'a)nitu&e #(ot is !a((e& !orner fre uen!". 15.,efine .hase (a) an& #hase (ea&$ % ne)ati1e #hase an)(e is !a((e& #hase (a). % #ositi1e #hase an)(e is !a((e& #hase (ea&. 17.What are M !ir!(es$ The 'a)nitu&e of !(ose& (oo# transfer fun!tion with unit fee& 3a!k !an 3e shown to 3e in the for e1er" 1a(ue if M.These !ir!(es are !a((e& M !ir!(es. 19.What is Ni!ho(s !hart$ The !hart !onsistin) if M A N (o!i in the (o) 'a)nitu&e 1ersus #hase &ia)ra' is !a((e& Ni!ho(s !hart. 1=.What are two !ontours of Ni!ho(s !hart$ Ni!ho(s !hart of M an& N !ontours5 su#eri'#ose& on or&inar" )ra#h. The M !ontours are the 'a)nitu&e of !(ose& (oo# s"ste' in &e!i3e(s an& the N !ontours are the #hase an)(e (o!us of !(ose& (oo# s"ste'. 1>.Bow is the Resonant .eak/Mr*5 resonant fre uen!"/Wr * 5 an& 3an& wi&th &eter'ine& fro' Ni!ho(s !hart$ i* The resonant #eak is )i1en 3" the 1a(ue of .!ontour whi!h is tan)ent to :/6 * (o!us. ii* The resonant fre uen!" is )i1en 3" the fre uen!" of :/6 * at the tan)en!" #oint.

iii* The 3an&wi&th is )i1en 3" fre uen!" !orres#on&in) to the interse!tion #oint of :/6 * an& -+&4 M8!ontour. 2CWhat are the a&1anta)es of Ni!ho(s !hart$ The a&1anta)es are? i* It is use& to fin& the !(ose& (oo# fre uen!" res#onse fro' o#en (oo# fre uen!" res#onse. ii* Dre uen!" &o'ain s#e!ifi!ations !an 3e &eter'ine& fro' Ni!ho(s !hart. iii* The )ain of the s"ste' !an 3e a&6uste& to satisf" the )i1en s#e!ifi!ation. 21.What are the two t"#es of !o'#ensation$ i. Cas!a&e or series !o'#ensation ii. Dee&3a!k !o'#ensation or #ara((e( !o'#ensation 22.What are the three t"#es of !o'#ensators$ i. La) !o'#ensator ii. Lea& !o'#ensator iii. La)8Lea& !o'#ensator 2+.What are the uses of (ea& !o'#ensator$ 2+ s#ee&s u# the transient res#onse 22 in!reases the 'ar)in of sta3i(it" of a s"ste' 25 in!reases the s"ste' error !onstant to a (i'ite& e0tent. 22.What is the use of (a) !o'#ensator$ EI'#ro1e the stea&" state 3eha1ior of a s"ste'5 whi(e near(" #reser1in) its transient res#onse. 25.When is (a) (ea& !o'#ensator is re uire&$ The (a) (ea& !o'#ensator is re uire& when 3oth the transient an& stea&" state res#onse of a s"ste' has to 3e i'#ro1e& 27.What is a !o'#ensator$ % &e1i!e inserte& into the s"ste' for the #ur#ose of satisf"in) the s#e!ifi!ations is !a((e& as a !o'#ensator. 27.What is n" uist !ontour The !ontour that en!(oses entire ri)ht ha(f of S #(ane is !a((e& n" uist !ontour. 29.State N" uist sta3i(it" !riterion. If the N" uist #(ot of the o#en (oo# transfer fun!tion :/s* !orres#on&in) to the n" uist !ontro( in the S8#(ane en!ir!(es the !riti!a( #oint -1@6C in the !ounter !(o!kwise &ire!tion as 'an" ti'es as the nu'3er of ri)ht ha(f S8#(ane #o(es of

:/s*5the !(ose& (oo# s"ste' is sta3(e. 2=.,efine Re(ati1e sta3i(it" Re(ati1e sta3i(it" is the &e)ree of !(oseness of the s"ste'5it an in&i!ation of stren)th or &e)ree of sta3i(it". 2>.What are the two se)'ents of N" uist !ontour$ i. %n finite (ine se)'ent C1 a(on) the i'a)inar" a0is. ii. %n ar! C2 of infinite ra&ius. +C.What are root (o!i$ The #ath taken 3" the roots of the o#en (oo# transfer fun!tion when the (oo# )ain is 1arie& fro' C to F are !a((e& root (o!i. +1.What is a &o'inant #o(e$ The &o'inant #o(e is a air of !o'#(e0 !on6u)ate #air whi!h &e!i&es the transient res#onse of the s"ste'. +2.What are the 'ain si)nifi!an!es of root (o!us$ i. The 'ain root (o!us te!hni ue is use& for sta3i(it" ana("sis. ii. Gsin) root (o!us te!hni ue the ran)e of 1a(ues of H5 for as ta3(e s"ste' !an 3e &eter'ine& ++.What are the effe!t of a&&in) a Iero to a s"ste'$ %&&in) a Iero to a s"ste' in!reases #eak o1ershoot a##re!ia3(". +2.What are N !ir!(es$ If the #hase of !(ose& (oo# transfer fun!tion with unit" fee&3a!k is F5 then tan F wi(( 3e in the for' of !ir!(es for e1er" 1a(ue of F. These !ir!(es are !a((e& N !ir!(es. +5.What is !ontro( s"ste'$ % s"ste' !onsists of a nu'3er of !o'#onents !onne!te& to)ether to #erfor' a s#e!ifi! fun!tion . In a s"ste' when the out#ut uantit" is !ontro((e& 3" 1ar"in) the in#ut uantit" then the s"ste' is !a((e& !ontro( s"ste'. +7.What are the two 'a6or t"#es of !ontro( s"ste'$ the two 'a6or t"#es of !ontro( s"ste' are o#en (oo# an& !(ose& (oo# +9.,efine o#en (oo# !ontro( s"ste'. The !ontro( s"ste' in whi!h the out#ut uantit" has no effe!t u#on the in#ut uantit" are !a((e& o#en (oo# !ontro( s"ste'. This 'eans that the out#ut is not fee&3a!k to the in#ut for !orre!tion.

+=.,efine !(ose& (oo# !ontro( s"ste'. The !ontro( s"ste' in whi!h the out#ut has an effe!t u#on the in#ut uantit" so as to 'aintain the &esire& out#ut 1a(ue are !a((e& !(ose& (oo# !ontro( s"ste'. +>.What are the !o'#onents of fee&3a!k !ontro( s"ste'$ the !o'#onents of fee&3a!k !ontro( s"ste' are #(ant 5 fee&3a!k #ath e(e'ents5 error &ete!tor an& !ontro((er. 2C.,efine transfer fun!tion. The T.D of a s"ste' is &efine& as the ratio of the (a#(a!e transfor' of out#ut to (a#(a!e transfor' of in#ut with Iero initia( !on&itions. 21.What are the 3asi! e(e'ents use& for 'o&e(in) 'e!hani!a( trans(ationa( s"ste'. Mass5 s#rin) an& &ash#ot 22.What are the 3asi! e(e'ents use& for 'o&e(in) 'e!hani!a( rotationa( s"ste'$ Mo'ent of inertia J5f&ash#o with rotationa( fri!tiona( !oeffi!ient 4 an& torsiona( s#rin) with stiffness H 2+.Na'e two t"#es of e(e!tri!a( ana(o)ous for 'e!hani!a( s"ste'. The two t"#es of ana(o)ies for the 'e!hani!a( s"ste' are Dor!e 1o(ta)e an& for!e !urrent ana(o)" 22.What is 3(o!k &ia)ra'$ % 3(o!k &ia)ra' of a s"ste' is a #i!toria( re#resentation of the fun!tions #erfor'e& 3" ea!h !o'#onent of the s"ste' an& shows the f(ow of si)na(s. The 3asi! e(e'ents of 3(o!k &ia)ra' are 3(o!ks5 3ran!h #oint an& su''in) #oint. 25.What is the 3asis for fra'in) the ru(es of 3(o!k &ia)ra' re&u!tion te!hni ue$ The ru(es for 3(o!k &ia)ra' re&u!tion te!hni ue are fra'e& su!h that an" 'o&ifi!ation 'a&e on the &ia)ra' &oes not a(ter the in#ut out#ut re(ation. 27.What is a si)na( f(ow )ra#h$ % si)na( f(ow )ra#h is a &ia)ra' that re#resents a set of si'u(taneous a()e3rai! e uations .4" takin) L.T the ti'e &o'ain &ifferentia( e uations )o1ernin) a !ontro( s"ste' !an 3e transferre& to a set of a()e3rai! e uations in s8&o'ain.

29. What is trans'ittan!e$ The trans'ittan!e is the )ain a! uire& 3" the si)na( when it tra1e(s fro' one no&e to another no&e in si)na( f(ow )ra#h. 2=.What is sink an& sour!e$ Sour!e is the in#ut no&e in the si)na( f(ow )ra#h an& it has on(" out)oin) 3ran!hes. Sink is a out#ut no&e in the si)na( f(ow )ra#h an& it has on(" in!o'in) 3ran!hes. 2>.,efine non tou!hin) (oo#. The (oo#s are sai& to 3e non tou!hin) if the" &o not ha1e !o''on no&es. 5C.Write Masons :ain for'u(a. Masons :ain for'u(a states that the o1era(( )ain of the s"ste' is T ; 1< FFk .k Fk k8o.of forwar& #aths in the si)na( f(ow )ra#h. .k8 Dorwar& #ath )ain of kth forwar& #ath F ; 18Ksu' of in&i1i&ua( (oo# )ains L @Ksu' of )ain #ro&u!ts of a(( #ossi3(e !o'3inations of two non tou!hin) (oo#sL8Ksu' of )ain #ro&u!ts of a(( #ossi3(e !o'3inations of three non tou!hin) (oo#sL@M Fk 8 F for that #art of the )ra#h whi!h is not tou!hin) kth forwar& #ath. 51.Write the ana(o)ous e(e!tri!a( e(e'ents in for!e 1o(ta)e ana(o)" for the e(e'ents of 'e!hani!a( trans(ationa( s"ste'. Dor!e81o(ta)e e Ne(o!it" 18!urrent i ,is#(a!e'ent 08!har)e Dri!tiona( !oeff 48Resistan!e R Mass M8 In&u!tan!e L Stiffness H8In1erse of !a#a!itan!e 1<C 52.Write the ana(o)ous e(e!tri!a( e(e'ents in for!e !urrent ana(o)" for the e(e'ents of 'e!hani!a( trans(ationa( s"ste'. Dor!e8!urrent i Ne(o!it" 181o(ta)e 1 ,is#(a!e'ent 08f(u0F Dri!tiona( !oeff 48!on&u!tan!e 1<R Mass M8 !a#a!itan!e C Stiffness H8In1erse of in&u!tan!e 1<L 5+.Write the for!e 3a(an!e e uation of an i&ea( 'ass e(e'ent . D ; M &20 <&t2

52. Write the for!e 3a(an!e e uation of i&ea( &ash#ot e(e'ent . D ; 4 &0 <&t 55. Write the for!e 3a(an!e e uation of i&ea( s#rin) e(e'ent . D ; H0 57.,istin)uish 3etween o#en (oo# an& !(ose& (oo# s"ste' O#en (oo# C(ose& (oo# 1.Inna!!urate 2.Si'#(e an& e!ono'i!a( +.The !han)es in out#ut &ue to e0terna( &istur3an!e are not !orre!te& %!!urate Co'#(e0 an& !ost(ier The !han)es in out#ut &ue to e0terna( &istur3an!es are !orre!te& auto'ati!a((" 2.The" are )enera((" sta3(e :reat efforts are nee&e& to &esi)n a sta3(e s"ste' 59.What is ser1o'e!hanis'$ The ser1o'e!hanis' is a fee&3a!k !ontro( s"ste' in whi!h th out#ut is 'e!hani!a( #osition /or ti'e &eri1ati1es of #osition 1e(o!it" an& a!!e(eration5* 5=.Wh" is ne)ati1e fee&3a!k in1aria3(" #referre& in !(ose& (oo# s"ste'$ The ne)ati1e fee&3a!k resu(ts in 3etter sta3i(it" in stea&" state an& re6e!ts an" &istur3an!e si)na(s. 5>.What is transient res#onse$ The transient res#onse is the res#onse of the s"ste' when the s"ste' !han)es fro' one state to another. 7C.What is stea&" state res#onse$ The stea&" state res#onse is the res#onse of the s"ste' when it a##roa!hes infinit". 71.What is an or&er of a s"ste'$ The or&er of as"ste' is the or&er of the &ifferentia( e uation )o1ernin) the s"ste'.The or&er of the s"ste' !an 3e o3taine& fro' the transfer fun!tion of the )i1en s"ste'. 72.,efine ,a'#in) ratio. ,a'#in) ratio is &efine& as the ratio of a!tua( &a'#in) to !riti!a( &a'#in). 7+.List the ti'e &o'ain s#e!ifi!ations. The ti'e &o'ain s#e!ifi!ations are i.,e(a" ti'e

ii.Rise ti'e iii..eak ti'e i1..eak o1ershoot 72.,efine ,e(a" ti'e. The ti'e taken for res#onse to rea!h 5CO of fina( 1a(ue for the 1er" first ti'e is &e(a" ti'e. 75.,efine Rise ti'e. The ti'e taken for res#onse to raise fro' CO to 1CCO for the 1er" first ti'e is rise ti'e. 77.,efine #eak ti'e. The ti'e taken for the res#onse to rea!h the #eak 1a(ue for the first ti'e is #eak ti'e. 79.,efine #eak o1ershoot. .eak o1ershoot is &efine& as the ratio of 'a0i'u' #eak 1a(ue 'easure& fro' the Ma0'iu' 1a(ue to fina( 1a(ue 7=.,efine Sett(in) ti'e. Sett(in) ti'e is &efine& as the ti'e taken 3" the res#onse to rea!h an& sta" within s#e!ifie& error 7>.What is the nee& for a !ontro((er$ The !ontro((er is #ro1i&e& to 'o&if" the error si)na( for 3etter !ontro( a!tion 9C.What are the &ifferent t"#es of !ontro((ers$ .ro#ortiona( !ontro((er .I !ontro((er ., !ontro((er .I, !ontro((er 91.What is #ro#ortiona( !ontro((er$ It is &e1i!e that #ro&u!es a !ontro( si)na( whi!h is #ro#ortiona( to the in#ut error si)na(. 92.What is .I !ontro((er$ It is &e1i!e that #ro&u!es a !ontro( si)na( !onsistin) of two ter's -one #ro#ortiona( to error si)na( an& the other #ro#ortiona( to the inte)ra( of error si)na(. 92. What is ., !ontro((er$ ., !ontro((er is a #ro#ortiona( #(us &eri1ati1e !ontro((er whi!h #ro&u!es an out#ut si)na( !onsistin) of two ti'e 8one #ro#ortiona( to error si)na( an& other #ro#ortiona( to the &eri1ati1e of the si)na(. 9+ What is the si)nifi!an!e of inte)ra( !ontro((er an& &eri1ati1e

!ontro((er in a.I, !ontro((er$ The #ro#ortiona( !ontro((er sta3i(iIes the )ain 3ut #ro&u!es a stea&" state error. The inte)ra( !ontro( re&u!es or e(i'inates the stea&" state error. 92.Wh" &eri1ati1e !ontro((er is not use& in !ontro( s"ste's$ The &eri1ati1e !ontro((er #ro&u!es a !ontro( a!tion 3ase& on the rate of !han)e of error si)na( an& it &oes not #ro&u!e !orre!ti1e 'easures for an" !onstant error. 95.,efine Stea&" state error. The stea&" state error is &efine& as the 1a(ue of error as ti'e ten&s to infinit". 97.What is the &raw3a!k of stati! !oeffi!ients$ The 'ain &raw 3a!k of stati! !oeffi!ient is that it &oes not show the 1ariation of error with ti'e an& in#ut shou(& 3e stan&ar& in#ut. 99. What is ste# si)na($ The ste# si)na( is a si)na( whose 1a(ue !han)es fro' Iero to % at t; C an& re'ains !onstant at % for tPC. 9=. What is ra'# si)na($ The ra'# si)na( is a si)na( whose 1a(ue in!reases (inear(" with ti'e fro' an initia( 1a(ue of Iero at t;C.the ra'# si)na( rese'3(es a !onstant 1e(o!it". 9>.What is a #ara3o(i! si)na($ The #ara3o(i! si)na( is a si)na( whose 1a(ue 1aries as a s uare of ti'e fro' an initia( 1a(ue of Iero at t;C.This #ara3o(i! si)na( re#resents !onstant a!!e(eration in#ut to the si)na(. =C.What are the three !onstants asso!iate& with a stea&" state error$ .ositiona( error !onstant Ne(o!it" error !onstant %!!e(eration error !onstant =1.What are the 'ain a&1anta)es of )enera(iIe& error !o8effi!ients$ i* Stea&" state is fun!tion of ti'e. ii* Stea&" state !an 3e &eter'ine& fro' an" t"#e of in#ut =2. What are the effe!ts of a&&in) a Iero to a s"ste'$ %&&in) a Iero to a s"ste' resu(ts in #ronoun!e& ear(" #eak to s"ste' res#onse there3" the #eak o1ershoot in!reases a##re!ia3(". =+. State8Ma)nitu&e !riterion.

The 'a)nitu&e !riterion states that s;sa wi(( 3e a #oint on root (o!us if for that 1a(ue of s 5 Q ,/s* Q ; Q:/s*B/s* Q ;1 =2.State - %n)(e !riterion. The %n)(e !riterion states that s;sa wi(( 3e a #oint on root (o!us for that 1a(ue of s5 5 F,/s* ; F:/s*B/s* ;o&& 'u(ti#(e of 1=CR =5. What is a &o'inant #o(e$ The &o'inant #o(e is a #air of !o'#(e0 !on6u)ate #air whi!h &e!i&es the transient res#onse of the s"ste'. =7.What is ste##er 'otor$ % ste##er 'otor is a &e1i!e whi!h transfor's e(e!tri!a( #u(ses into e ua( in!re'ents of rotar" shaft 'otion !a((e& ste#s. =9.What is ser1o'otor$ The 'otors use& in auto'ati! !ontro( s"ste's or in ser1o'e!hanis' are !a((e& ser1o'otors. The" are use& to !on1ert e(e!tri!a( si)na( into an)u(ar 'otion. ==.Na'e the test si)na(s use& in !ontro( s"ste' the !o''on(" use& test in#ut si)na(s in !ontro( s"ste' are i'#u(se ste# ra'# a!!e(eration an& sinusoi&a( si)na(s. =>.,efine 4I4O sta3i(it". % (inear re(a0e& s"ste' is sai& to ha1e 4I4IO sta3i(it" if e1er" 3oun&e& in#ut resu(ts in a 3oun&e& out#ut. >C.What is the ne!essar" !on&ition for sta3i(it". The ne!essar" !on&ition for sta3i(it" is that a(( the !oeffi!ients of the !hara!teristi! #o("no'ia( 3e #ositi1e. >1.What is the ne!essar" an& suffi!ient !on&ition for sta3i(it". The ne!essar" an& suffi!ient !on&ition for sta3i(it" is that a(( of the e(e'ents in the first !o(u'n of the routh arra" shou(& 3e #ositi1e. >2.What is ua&ranta( s"''etr"$ The s"''etr" of roots with res#e!t to 3oth rea( an& i'a)inar" a0is !a((e& ua&ranta( s"''etr". >+.What is (i'ite&(" sta3(e s"ste'$ Dor a 3oun&e& in#ut si)na( if the out#ut has !onstant a'#(itu&e os!i(((ations Then the s"ste' 'a" 3e sta3(e or unsta3(e un&er so'e (i'ite& !onstraints su!h

a s"ste' is !a((e& (i'ite&(" sta3(e s"ste'. >2.What is s"n!hros$ % s"n!hros is a &e1i!e use& to !on1ert an an)u(ar 'otion to an e(e!tri!a( si)na( or 1i!e1ersa. >5.What is stea&" state error$ The stea&" state error is the 1a(ue of error si)na( e/t* when t ten&s to infinit". >7.What are stati! error !onstants. The H# H1 an& Ha are !a((e& stati! error !onstants. >9.What is the &isa&1anta)e in #ro#ortiona( !ontro((er$ The &isa&1anta)e in #ro#ortiona( !ontro((er is that it #ro&u!es a !onstant stea&" state error. >=.What is the effe!t of ., !ontro((er on s"ste' #erfor'an!e$ The effe!t of ., !ontro((er is to in!rease the &a'#in) ratio of the s"ste' an& so the #eak o1ershoot is re&u!e&. >>.Wh" &eri1ati1e !ontro((er is not use& in !ontro( s"ste'$ The &eri1ati1e !ontro((er #ro&u!es a !ontro( a!tion 3ase& on rare of !han)e of error si)na( an& it &oes not #ro&u!e !orre!ti1e 'easures for an" !onstant error. Ben!e &eri1ati1e !ontro((er is not use& in !ontro( s"ste' 1CC.What is the effe!t of .I !ontro((er on the s"ste' #erfor'an!e$ The .I !ontro((er in!reases the or&er of the s"ste' 3" one5 whi!h resu(ts in re&u!in) the stea&" state error .4ut the s"ste' 3e!o'es (ess sta3(e than the ori)ina( s"ste'. Si0teen Marks Questions 1. Dor a )i1en 'e!hani!a( or e(e!tri!a( or e(e!tro'e!hani!a( s"ste' &eri1e the transfer fun!tion. . Dree 3o&" &ia)ra' . ,ifferentia( e uation . Transfer fun!tion 2.,eter'ination of the o1era(( transfer fun!tion usin) 4(o!k &ia)ra' re&u!tion te!hni ue.

. Re&u!tion of 3(o!k &ia)ra' . ,eter'ination of Transfer fun!tion +. ,eter'ination of the o1era(( transfer fun!tion fro' the )i1en si)na( f(ow )ra#h usin) MasonSs )ain for'u(a. . Re&u!tion of si)na( f(ow )ra#h . %##(" 'asons )ain for'u(a 2.Write the #ro!e&ure for !onstru!tin) the 3(o!k &ia)ra' of a )i1en 'e!hani!a( or e(e!tri!a( or e(e!tro'e!hani!a( s"ste'. . Write the &ifferentia( e uation . ,e1e(o# 3(o!k &ia)ra' 5.Din& the e(e!tri!a( ana(o)i!a( 1aria3(es of a 'e!hani!a( rotationa( s"ste'. . Write the &ifferentia( e uation . ,raw the e ui1a(ent e(e!tri!a( network 7.,eri1e the e0#ressions of the ti'e &o'ain s#e!ifi!ations for a se!on& or&er s"ste' with unit ste# in#ut. . Ti'e res#onse of se!on& or&er s"ste' . Rise ti'e . .eak ti'e . .eak o1ershoot . Sett(in) ti'e 9.Din& the ti'e res#onse of a first or&er s"ste' for 1arious stan&ar& in#uts. . %##(" the in#ut . So(1e usin) #artia( &ifferentia( e uation . %##(" in1erse La#(a!e transfor' +. Din& the ti'e res#onse of a se!on& or&er s"ste' for unit ste# in#ut. . %##(" the in#ut . So(1e usin) #artia( &ifferentia( e uation . %##(" in1erse La#(a!e transfor' =..ro3(e's usin) stati! error !oeffi!ients or )enera(iIe& error !oeffi!ients. . Din& the error !oeffi!ient . %##(" in for'u(a >.E0#(ain the workin) of S"n!hro trans'itter an& re!ei1er. . ,ia)ra' . Workin) #rin!i#(e 1C.Write the ru(es for !onstru!tin) the root (o!us. . Lo!ate #o(es A Teros . Din& !entroi& A as"'#totes . Din& 4reak awa" or 4reak in #oints

. Din& !rossin) #oint in i'a)inar" a0is 11..ro3(e's usin) root (o!us te!hni ue. . Lo!ate #o(es A Teros . Din& !entroi& A as"'#totes . Din& 4reak awa" or 4reak in #oints . Din& !rossin) #oint in i'a)inar" a0is 12.Sta3i(it" ana("sis usin) RouthSs !riterion. . Constru!t routh arr" . Che!k the first !o(u'n for sta3i(it" 1+.,eri1e the e0#ression for the fre uen!" &o'ain s#e!ifi!ations of a se!on& or&er s"ste'. . :ain Mar)in . .hase 'ar)in . :ain !ross o1er fre uen!" . .hase !rosso1er fre uen!" 12.:i1en the o#en (oo# transfer fun!tion :/s*B/s*;1<s/s@1*/2s@1* of a unit" fee&3a!k s"ste'. Din& the )ain 'ar)in an& #hase 'ar)in usin) #o(ar #(ot. . %ns? )ain 'ar)in ;1.22&3 . #hase 'ar)in ;12o . Din& !roner fre uen!" . Ca(!u(ate )ain A #hase for 1arious Na(ues of w . Sket!h the #(ot 15.Write the ste# 3" ste# #ro!e&ure for #(ottin) the 'a)nitu&e #(ot an& #hase #(ot of a o#en (oo# s"ste' re#resente& 3" the transfer fun!tion :/s*. . Din& !roner fre uen!" . Ca(!u(ate )ain A #hase for 1arious Na(ues of w . Sket!h the #(ot 17.O3tain the resonant #eak5 resonant fre uen!"5 3an& wi&th5)ain 'ar)in5 #hase 'ar)in of the s"ste' re#resente& 3" the o#en (oo# transfer fun!tion :/6F*;1C< 6F/1@C.1 6F*/1@C.C5 6F*. . So(1e 3" usin) Ni!ho(as !hart. . resonant #eak ;5 &3 . resonant fre uen!" ;= ra&<se! . 3an& wi&th;12 ra&<se! . )ain 'ar)in;=.5 &3 . #hase 'ar)in;+Co

19.:i1en the o#en (oo# transfer fun!tion a s"ste' with unit" fee& 3a!k5:/s*B/s*;H<s/s@2*/s@1C*.,eter'ine the ran)e of H for whi!h !(ose& (oo# s"ste' is sta3(e. . N" uist sta3i(it" !riterion. . CUHU22C. 1=.Write the #ro!e&ure for &esi)nin) the (ea& !o'#ensator. . Din& the 1a(ue of H . Din& the #hase 'ar)in of un!o'#ensate& s"ste' . Din& the new #hase 'ar)in . Din& new )ain !ross o1er fre uen!" . Ca(!u(ate 4 A T . Din& :!/S* . Din& :o/s* . Nerif" .hase 'ar)in 1>.Write the #ro!e&ure for &esi)nin) the (a) !o'#ensator. . Din& the 1a(ue of H . Din& the #hase 'ar)in of un!o'#ensate& s"ste' . Din& the new #hase 'ar)in A )ain !ross o1er fre uen!" . Ca(!u(ate F A T . Din& :!/S* . Din& :o/s* . Nerif" .hase 'ar)in 2C.Write the #ro!e&ure for &esi)nin) the (a)8(ea& !o'#ensator. . Din& the 1a(ue of H . Din& the #hase 'ar)in of un!o'#ensate& s"ste' . Din& the new #hase 'ar)in . Din& new )ain !ross o1er fre uen!" . Ca(!u(ate 45 F 5 T1 A T2 . Din& :!/S* . Din& :o/s* . Nerif" .hase 'ar)in 21.,esi)n .ro3(e's 22.Write how wi(( "ou se(e!t a suita3(e !o'#ensator for the )i1en s"ste'. . Ref 3ook 5V%&1an!e& Contro( Theor"V 3" Na)oor Hani5 Gnit I