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TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

La Habana, October 2007

Mobile WiMAX - PHY Layer


| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

Outline

Propagation issues solved by the PHY layer OFDM Radio Access Mobile WiMAX PHY characteristics Conclusions

1 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

Fixed and Mobile WiMAX

IEEE 802.16-2004
Fixed WiMAX

Suitable for Broadband Wireless Fixed and/or Nomadic Services and Applications Suitable for Mobile Services and Applications Not specifically conceived for Fixed/Nomadic Services
Broadband Wireless Fixed and/or Nomadic Services and Applications Mobile Services and Applications Not appropriate for extensive coverage

IEEE 802.16-2005
Mobile WiMAX

3.5 GHz spectrum 2.5 GHz spectrum


Not specifically conceived


2 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

WiMAX - Reference Architecture


The IEEE 802.16e-2005 standard describes the radio interface (PHY e MAC layers)

R2 R2 Access Service Network

Visited Network Service Provider

Home Network Service Provider

R1 R6

ASN Gateway & decision

R3

802 .16
PHY/MAC a standard IEEE802.16-2004 e 16e.

Lets talk about propagation issues !


AAA Prox y

Connectivity Service Network

Connectivity Service Network

R5

AAA server

Mobile IP Home Agent

802.16
Access Service Network

R4

R8

ASN Gateway & decision

3 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

Propagation issues

4 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

Review
Object of radio propagation models:
predict signal quality at receiver

Radio propagation mechanisms


Free space (1/d2) Diffraction Refraction Scattering

5 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

Review 2
Factors influencing received signal
Path loss: distance, obstructions Multipath interference: phase cancellation due to excess path length and other sources of phase distortion Doppler shift Other radio interference

6 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

Propagation: basics (1)


Free space
Theoric propagation situation in a transmissive mean with EM caractheristics constant in the space (no rifraction) and without reflections or diffractions from obstacles. The free space attenuation depends on DISTANCE and FREQUENCY.

Reflection
Depends on the EM properties of the means, on the geometry of the surfaces, on the frequency, on the EM field polarization and on the incidence angle. Is relevant the ground reflection phenomenon from ground or buildings: both direct and relected rays are received.

T ht

p0 p1

R hr
7 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

Propagation: basics (2)


Diffraction Is connected to the ondulatory nature of the propagation. Extended Huygens principle: fictitious sources on a generic surface. The RX field is the sum of the contributions of all single sources Fictitious sources

Fresnel Zone
8 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

LOS versus NLOS propagation


LOS In a LOS link, a signal travels over a direct and unobstructed path from the transmitter to the receiver. A LOS link requires that most of the first Fresnel zone is free of any obstruction The Fresnel clearance required depends on the operating frequency and the distance between the transmitter and receiver locations.

9 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

LOS versus NLOS propagation


NLOS In a NLOS link, a signal reaches the receiver through reflections, scattering, and diffractions. The signals arriving at the receiver consists of components from the direct path, multiple reflected paths, scattered energy, and diffracted propagation paths. These signals have different delay spreads, attenuation, polarizations, and stability relative to the direct path.

10 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

Propagation: impacts of PHY layer


Multipath and/or user mobility cause fading. PHY layer has the goal to limit these phenomenons

WiMAX technology, solves or mitigates the propagation problems by using: OFDM/OFDMA technology Sub-Channelization. Directional antennas. Transmit and receive diversity. Adaptive modulation. Error correction techniques. Power control.

11 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

WiMAX - Reference Architecture


The IEEE 802.16e-2005 standard describes the radio interface (PHY e MAC layers)

R2 R2 Access Service Network

Visited Network Service Provider

Home Network Service Provider

PHY layer is designed in order


R3
AAA Prox y

Connectivity Service Network

Connectivity Service Network

R1 R6

ASN Gateway & decision

R5

AAA server

802 .16
PHY/MAC a standard IEEE802.16-2004 e 16e.

to solve propagation issues


Mobile IP Home Agent

802.16
Access Service Network

R4

R8

ASN Gateway & decision

12 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

OFDM Radio Access

13 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

OFDM Radio Access Single-carrier Modulation (conventional systems)


Distorsion introduced by the channel selectivity Equalization in the time domain

Multipath Channel

Delay Spread introduced by the Channel


14 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

OFDM Radio Access

Multi-carrier Modulation: OFDM


( Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing )
Mapping of the serial high speed data flow at in a set of parallel sub-flows at lower speed Modulation of each sub-flow in a subcarrier.

15 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

OFDM Radio Access

Multi-carrier Modulation: OFDM


( Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing )
Mapping of the serial high speed data flow at in a set of parallel sub-flows at lower speed Modulation of each sub-flow in a subcarrier. OFDM technique can be viewed as an FDM technique with an higher spectral efficiency: in fact, in the case of OFDM it is allowed a partial overlap of the spectrums associated to the sub-carriers

OFDM

FDM

frequency

frequency

16 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

OFDM Radio Access Multi-carrier Modulation: OFDM


( Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing )

Advantages: Each sub-band see a channel essentially flat in frequency Reception: Equalization in the frequency domain Fading immunity

17 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

OFDM Radio Access Multi-carrier Modulation: OFDM


( Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing )

l e n n ha c a y c e n e e s u d q n e r a f b-b at in u s ach ially fl E t n e s es

18 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

OFDM Radio Access Multi-carrier Modulation: OFDM


( Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing )

Re

cepti on: E in the q ua l i zatio frequ n ency doma in


19 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

OFDM Radio Access Multi-carrier Modulation: OFDM


( Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing )

Fading immunity

20 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

OFDM Radio Access


The OFDM transmisssion is a modulation of the data source for a set of complex subcarriers, all orthogonals.

Guard subcarriers

DC

fi
xi(t)= bi e
2 fi t

he t n ! o Guard w g subcarriers in indo d n w e p n e o d grati time e t n i


x(t) = bi e
2 fi t

+ fi+1
xi+1(t)= bi e
2 fi +1 t

Tb

21 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

OFDM Radio Access


Modulation:
The idea is to use ORTHOGONAL subcarriers for each parallel flow. This operation is equivalent to an IFFT transform

22 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

OFDM Radio Access


Trasmission: Serial/Parallel Conversion Modulation with orthogonal subcarriers equivalent to an IFFT transform

Reception: Parallel/Serial Conversion Demodulation: equivalent to a FFT transform

23 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

OFDM technique: advantages


High immunity to the distortion caused by multipath propagation Low implementation complexity (IFFT/FFT) Steep slope of the spectrum at the extremities of the band (brick-wall effect) Inter-symbolic interference (ISI) elimination through the insertion of cyclic prefix Multi-antenna techniques (MIMO) are applied in an independent way on each sub-carrier thus allowing a reduced complexity compared to a single carrier system with an equal bandwidth Adaptive modulation and coding scheme (AMC) can be applied to single or to a groups of adjacent sub-carriers thus allowing to exploit in a effective way the frequency selectivity of the channel When OFDM is used as access technique (OFDMA), it allows to distribute in a flexible way the time-frequency resources among several users
24 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

S-OFDMA (Scalable Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access)

OFDMA
The entire band is divided in subcarriers Subcarriers are grouped in subchannels (1 subchannel = 48 subcarriers)
Subchannel 1 Subchannel 2

f
DC

Guard subcarriers

Guard subcarriers
BW 5 MHz 10 MHz 20 MHz Subcarriers 512 1024 2048

S-OFDMA
Increasing the bandwidth also the number of subcarriers increases In this way different bandwidths have the same subcarrier spacing

25 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

OFDMA - Radio System Characteristics


Orthogonality of carriers is lost when multipath channels are involved.
Tx

Rx

h (t) = (t) + (t-t0) + (t-t1) time

time x (t)

Tb

26 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

OFDMA - Radio System Characteristics


Orthogonality of carriers is lost when multipath channels are involved.
Tx

Rx

h (t) = (t) + (t-t0) + (t-t1) time

time x (t-t0)

Tb

27 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

OFDMA - Radio System Characteristics


Orthogonality of carriers is lost when multipath channels are involved.
Tx

Rx

h (t) = (t) + (t-t0) + (t-t1) time

time x (t-t1)

Tb

28 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

OFDMA - Radio System Characteristics


Orthogonality of carriers is lost when multipath channels are involved.

Tx

Rx

h (t) = (t) + (t-t0) + (t-t1) time x (t) x (t-t0) x (t-t1) Tb

Solution: transmit the next symbol after a guard time.


29 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

OFDMA - Radio System Characteristics


Orthogonality of carriers is lost when multipath channels are involved.

Tx

Rx

h (t) = (t) + (t-t0) + (t-t1)

Tg time

x (t) x (t-t0) x (t-t1) Tb

Solution: transmit the next symbol after a guard time.


30 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

OFDMA - Radio System Characteristics


Orthogonality of carriers is lost when multipath channels are involved. OFDM is the right technology to handle multipath:
Built in guard time to mitigate Inter Symbol Interference (ISI)

Tx

Rx
ISI symbol symbol symbol symbol #1 #1 #1 #1 symbol symbol symbol symbol #1 #1 #1 #1 symbol #2 ISI t symbol #2

Guard time is defined to absorb the ISI period

31 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

Cyclic Prefix

Orthogonality of carriers is lost when multipath channels are involved. Cyclic prefix can restore the orthogonality at the receiver. Last samples of the OFDMA symbol are repeated at the beginning.
Tg

Useful part with duration Tb OFDMA Symbol =


Tg T s = T g + Tb Tb

+ Cyclic prefix with duration Tg

The main function of the cyclic prefix is to eliminate the interference between two consecutive OFDMA symbols (Intersymbol Interference or ISI). At the receiver the cyclic prefix of the ODFMA symbol is removed
32 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

OFDM modulation - TDMA multiple access

5 MHz Bandwidth

FFT
Guard Intervals Symbols

Sub-carriers

Frequency

Time

In an OFDM-TDMA system, only one user is scheduled in a time interval (symbol) and he occupies all the sub-carriers Different users are scheduled in different time intervals (symbols)
33 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

OFDM-A multiple access


In the same time interval (symbol), different sets of subcarriers are assigned to different users. The sub-carriers assigned to a user can be adjacent or scattered on the available spectrum.
Frequency (subcarriers) subcarriers Frequency (subcarriers) subcarriers

User #1 User #2 User #3 User #4

User #1 User #2 User #3

Considering also a TDMA multiplation of the users

User #5
User #4

User #6

slots Time (symbols)


Time slots (symbols)

S-OFDMA: scalable - OFDMA


Increasing bandwidth, also the number of subcarriers increases In this way, the sub-carrier spacing remains the same also in different bandwidths

BW 5 MHz 10 MHz 20 MHz

Subcarriers 512 1024 2048

34 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

Mobile WiMAX PHY characteristics

35 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

Mobile WiMAX: PHY Layer Architecture

36 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

Main Characteristic of Mobile WiMAX


PHY
Frequency band: 2.5 GHz, 3.5 GHz, 5 GHz (license exempt) Bandwidth: 5 MHz, 8.75 MHz, 10 MHz, 20 MHz Radio Access: S-OFDMA Duplexing: TDD, FDD Subcarrier allocation: FUSC, PUSC, AMC, Channel coding: CC, CTC H-ARQ (Hybrid-ARQ) Modulation: QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM (only DL) AMC (Adaptive Modulation and Coding) Antenna systems
AAS (Advanced Antenna System) MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output)
37 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

Principali Funzionalit del PHY WiMAX

TDD
singolo oscillatore locale (LO) singolo filtro dantenna passa-banda (BPF)

LNA

BPF

LO

BB

PA

(a) TDD
38 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

Principali Funzionalit del PHY WiMAX

TDD
singolo oscillatore locale (LO) singolo filtro dantenna passa-banda (BPF)
BPF

LNA

LO

BB

FDD
due oscillatori locali per la trasmissione e ricezione due filtri passa-banda

PA

(a) TDD

LNA
BPF

LO 1
Duplexer

BB LO 2
BPF

PA

(b) FDD
39 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

Principali Funzionalit del PHY WiMAX

TDD
singolo oscillatore locale (LO) singolo filtro dantenna passa-banda (BPF)
BPF

LNA

LO

BB

FDD
due oscillatori locali per la trasmissione e ricezione
BPF

PA

(a) TDD
LNA LO 1
Duplexer

due filtri passa-banda

BB LO 2
BPF

PA

H-FDD

(b) FDD

La tecnica H-FDD prevede che un terminale mobile possa utilizzare due frequenze distinte per le operazioni di trasmissione e ricezione anche se per tali operazioni non avvengono simultaneamente (quando il terminale riceve non trasmette e viceversa).
LNA
BPF Duplexer BPF

LO

BB

PA

40 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

(c) H-FDD

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

Mobile WiMAX: Radio Frame Structure


Data Region: is a bi-dimensional allocation of a group of contiguous subchannels (in the frequency domain) in a group of contiguous OFDMA symbols (in the time domain).

Subchannel

f
OFDMA Symbol

Burst: is the set of symbols contained in a Data Region.


41 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

Mobile WiMAX: Radio Frame Structure


Slot: is a bi-dimensional portion of subframe (time-frequency). In frequency occupies a subchannel. Depending on the permutation rule/subcarrier allocations, the time duration can be one, two, three or six OFDMA symbols. The slot represents the minimum allocation unit of the radio resouces in the time-frequency plane.
k+1

k+2

time

l l+1 l+2

slot n

slot n+6

subchannel index

slot n+5
frequency OFDMA symbol index data region

slot n

42 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

TDD frame structure


time

FCH UL-MAP

UL burst #1 DL burst #3 UL burst #2 UL burst #3 Preamble DL burst #1


DL burst #4

Preamble

Frame duration = 5 ms Guard time:


TTG = Time-to-receive Transmission Gap RTG = Receive-to-transmit Transmission Gap

DL-MAP

UL burst #4 ACK

DL burst #2
DL burst #5

UL burst #5 Ranging CQICH

DL subframe frequency

TTG

UL subframe

RTG

DL/UL ratio depends on the symmetry of traffic


WiMAX Forum values: (DL, UL) -> (35, 12), (34, 13), , (26, 21)

Each burst of modulation symbols contains data for each user More are the users, greater is the overhead of control channels (DL-MAP, UL-MAP)
43 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

Permutation zones
PUSC zone
FCH

time Zone switch IEs in DL-MAP

UL-MAP

DL burst #3

FUSC zone

FUSC zone

AMC zone

AMC zone

Preamble

DL burst #1 DL-MAP
DL b. #4

Preamble

In each permutation zone there is a different permutation formula for the association of subcarriers to sub-channels
Non-adjacent subcarriers (PUSC, FUSC) Adjacet subcarriers (AMC)

DL burst #2

DL burst #5

WiMAX subcarrier allocation options:

frequency

DL

TTG

UL

RTG

DL: PUSC, FUSC, AMC UL: PUSC, AMC

Must appear in every frame

May appear in a frame

44 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

Mobile WiMAX: Radio Frame Structure

Frame Duration = 5 ms
time

HARQ Region (VoIP)

MBS MAP

FCH

Ranging

DL Compressed MAP

MBS Region

ACK

HARQ Region (VoIP)

Preamble

frequency DL TTG UL RTG

CQICH

45 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

Preamble

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

Mobile WiMAX: Examples of subcarrier allocation

FUSC DL (Fully Used Sub Channelization Down Link)


All the subcarrier can be used in the cell (unitary frequency reuse) First are allocated pilot subcarriers; remaining subcarriers are destined to data transmission and are grouped in subchannels Pilot tones are equidistant; constant set and variable set
OFDMA symbol index

= constant pilot tone = variable pilot tone = data tone

Sub carrier index

46 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

Mobile WiMAX: Examples of subcarrier allocation

PUSC UL (Partially Used Sub Channelization Up Link)


Subcarriers can be divided in three segments, which correspond to three different sector of a site (in this way is realized a frequency reuse > 1 ) Subcarriers are grouped in subchannels and then, internally to each subchannel, pilot tones are allocated. Every subchannel has an own set of dedicated pilots.

47 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

Mobile WiMAX: Examples of subcarrier allocation

PUSC UL (Partially Used Sub Channelization Up Link)


Symbol 0 Symbol 1

Tile = elementary unit

Tile
data carrier

Symbol 2

pilot carrier

1 Subchannel = 6 tiles

data subcarrier

pilot subcarrier

null subcarrier

f
symbol 4k symbol k+1 symbol k+2

Tile #0

Tile #1

Tile #11

Tile #12

Tile #22

Tile #23

48 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

Mobile WiMAX: Examples of subcarrier allocation

PUSC UL (Partially Used Sub Channelization Up Link)

48 sottoportanti sottoportanti di guardia

48 sottoportanti

DC

sottoportanti di guardia

0 1 15 16 17

63 64 65 66

112 113 114

f
127

DC

Tile #0 Tile #1 Tile #11 Tile #12

f
Tile #22 Tile #23

Tile fisici

49 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

Introduction to MIMO systems


Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) is a signal processing technique conceived in the middle of the 90s in the Bell Labs. The technique is based on the use of multiple antennas both on the transmitter and on the receiver. Multiple antennas allow to transmit several information flows simultaneously on the same frequency, exploiting different spatial channels.

50 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

Introduction to MIMO systems

The separation of spatial channels in the MIMO systems is made possible by the multiple path propagation. This differentiate MIMO technique from other wireless techniques in which multipath represent a degradation effect.

MIMO transmission schemes are divided into two main categories: schemes that increase data rate (Spatial Multiplexing) and schemes that maximize diversity (Space-Time Coding) Spatial Multiplexing Increase Throughput MIMO Space-Time Coding Increase Coverage
51 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

Antenna systems: BF
Beam Forming (BF) This technique, through appropriate beam forming algorithms, allows to transmit the signal to a user only in the spatial direction of that user Thanks to the reduction of the produced interference, the coverage and capacity of the system increase Correlated antenna: antenna spacing ~ half Few impacts on terminals

52 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

Antenna systems: MIMO & BF

WiMAX System Certification AAS


Optional (IO-BF) Optional (wave 1) Mandatory (wave 2)

MIMO
Optional (IO-MIMO) Optional (wave 1) Mandatory (wave 2)

BS

MS

53 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

Antenna systems: MIMO


Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) Space-Time Coding (STC)
This technique is based on the introduction of frequency diversity in transmission in order to improve the receiver performances, in terms of the minimum SINR (Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio) required for a certain QoS. The system coverage increases.

54 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

Antenna systems: MIMO


Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) Space-Time Coding (STC)
This technique is based on the introduction of frequency diversity in transmission in order to improve the receiver performances, in terms of the minimum SINR (Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio) required for a certain QoS. The system coverage increases.

Spatial Multiplexing (SM)


This technique is based on the transmission of multiple spatial flows from Nt transmitting antennas; at the receiver side, these flows are distinguished thanks to the employment of Nr > Nt receiving antennas. The aggregate throughput increases. In UL also collaborative spatial multiplexing.

55 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

Antenna systems: MIMO


Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) Space-Time Coding (STC)
This technique is based on the introduction of frequency diversity in transmission in order to improve the receiver performances, in terms of the minimum SINR (Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio) required for a certain QoS. The system coverage increases.

Spatial Multiplexing (SM)


This technique is based on the transmission of multiple spatial flows from Nt transmitting antennas; at the receiver side, these flows are distinguished thanks to the employment of Nr > Nt receiving antennas. The aggregate throughput increases. In UL also collaborative spatial multiplexing.

STC and SM techniques produce different benefits in terms of coverage and throughput; it is possible to use these technique simultaneously in the same permutation zones, leaving the BS to choice the suitable transmission, on the basis of the measurements effected from MSs Uncorrelated antenna: antenna spacing > several Significant impacts on terminals
56 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC)


The entire band is divided into channels. Each channel is composed of a set of subcarriers Fast CQI (Channel Quality Indicator) report for bands from user terminals are provided BS selects users per band according to channel quality at bands and scheduling criteria BS decides appropriate modulation level and code rate for each user Maximizes multi-user scheduling gain by utilizing channel selectivity of each user
57 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

HARQ: Hybrid Automatic Repeat and reQuest


Robustness against channel and interference fluctuation H-ARQ at UL (uplink) and DL (downlink)

58 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

HARQ: Hybrid Automatic Repeat and reQuest


Robustness against channel and interference fluctuation H-ARQ at UL (uplink) and DL (downlink)

59 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

HARQ: Hybrid Automatic Repeat and reQuest


Robustness against channel and interference fluctuation H-ARQ at UL (uplink) and DL (downlink)
Fast physical layer retransmission Soft Combining, Incremental Redundancy Overcome the adaptation error of AMC Higher target FER at PHY (FER 1% 10%) Lower operating SINR (SINR 6 dB 4 dB) Capacity gain

60 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

TELECOM ITALIA GROUP

| Dario Sabella | TILAB Wireless Access Innovation

La Habana, October 2007

For clarifications:
it . a li a t i

ri a d

t @ lla e b a s o.

om c el e

mmmm.. Quiero hacer una pregunta

61 Telecom Italia strictly confidential and proprietary

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