3/25/2009

Example Signal Flow Graph Analysis

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Example: Analysis Using Signal Flow Graphs

Below is a single-port device (with input at port 1a) constructed with two two-port devices ( Sx and Sy ), a quarter wavelength transmission line, and a load impedance.
j2
= 4

Z0

Sx

Z0

Sy

L = 0 .5

port 1x (input)

port 2x

port 1y

port 2y

Where Z 0 = 50 . The scattering matrices of the two-port devices are:

0.35 0.5 Sx = 0 0.5 0 0.8 Sy = 0.8 0.4

Likewise, we know that the value of the voltage wave incident on port 1 of device Sx is:

a1x

+ V01 ( z = z1xP ) j 2 j 2 x 1x = = V 5 50 Z0

Jim Stiles

The Univ. of Kansas

Dept. of EECS

3/25/2009

Example Signal Flow Graph Analysis

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Now, lets draw the complete signal flow graph of this circuit, and then reduce the graph to determine: a) The total current through load L . b) The power delivered to (i.e., absorbed by ) port 1x. The signal flow graph describing this network is:

a1x

S21x

b2x

e j

a1y

S21y

b2y

S11x

S22x S12x
e
j

S11y

S22y S12y
L

b1x

a2x

b1y
j

a2y

Inserting the numeric values of branches:

a1x = j

0.5

b2x

a1y

0.8

b2y

0.35

0.0 0.5

0.0

0.4
0. 8

b1x

0.5

a2x

b1y

a2y

Jim Stiles

The Univ. of Kansas

Dept. of EECS

3/25/2009

Example Signal Flow Graph Analysis

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Removing the zero valued branches:

a1x = j

0.5

b2x

a1y

0.8

b2y

0.35

0.4
0.5

b1x

0.8

0.5

a2x
0.5

And now applying splitting rule 4:

b1y a1y
0.8

a2y b2y

a1x = j

b2x

0.35

( 0.4 ) 0.5 = 0.2

0.5

b1x

0.8

0.5

Followed by the self-loop rule 3:

a2x

b1y

a2y
0. 8 = 1. 0 1 0.2

a1x = j

0.5

b2x

a1y

b2y

0.35

b1x

0.5

0.8

0.5

a2x

b1y
The Univ. of Kansas

a2y
Dept. of EECS

Jim Stiles

3/25/2009

Example Signal Flow Graph Analysis

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Now, lets used this simplified signal flow graph to find the solutions to our questions! a) The total current through load L . The total current through the load is:

I L = I ( z 2y = z 2yP )
= = =
+ V02 y ( z 2 y = z 2 yP ) V02 y ( z 2 y = z 2 yP )

a2y b2y Z0
50

Z0

b2y a2y

Thus, we need to determine the value of nodes a2y and b2y. Using the series rule 1 on our signal flow graph:

a1x = j

j 0.5

b2y

0.35

b1x

j 0.4

0.5

Note weve simply ignored (i.e., neglected to plot) the node for which we have no interest!

a2y

From this graph we can conclude:

Jim Stiles

The Univ. of Kansas

Dept. of EECS

3/25/2009

Example Signal Flow Graph Analysis

5/6

b2y = j 0.5 a1x = j 0.5

and:

j 2 = 0.1 2 5

a2y = 0.5 b2y = 0.5 0.1 2 = 0.05 2

Therefore:

IL =

b2y a2y
50

( 0.1 0.05 )
50

0.05 = 10.0 mA 5

b) The power delivered to (i.e., absorbed by ) port 1x. The power delivered to port 1x is:

Pabs = P + P
= =
+ V1x ( z1x = z1xP ) 2

2Z 0

V1x (z1x = z1xP )

2Z 0

2 Thus, we need determine the values of nodes a1x and b1x. Again using the series rule 1 on our signal flow graph:

a1x b1x

a1x = j

0.35
0.1

b1x
Jim Stiles

Again weve simply ignored (i.e., neglected to plot) the node for which we have no interest!
Dept. of EECS

The Univ. of Kansas

3/25/2009

Example Signal Flow Graph Analysis

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And then using the parallel rule 2:

a1x = j

0.25 = 0.35 0.1

b1x
Therefore:

b1x = 0.25 a1x = 0.25 ( j

) = j 0.05

and:

Pabs =

2 5

j 0.05 2 2

0.08 0.005 = 37.5 mW 2

Jim Stiles

The Univ. of Kansas

Dept. of EECS