Summary

SDR4all

OFDM

Channel Estimation using SDR4All: a Case Study

Leonardo S. Cardoso M erouane Debbah

SUPELEC, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

Alcatel-Lucent - Sup elec Chair in Flexible Radio

Suplec

Summary

SDR4all

OFDM

Summary Objectives of the course:

Present a real-life channel estimation system and the underlying mechanisms required to make it work

In this course youll see:

SDR4All (a tool for implementing actual transmissions); Hardware related channel impairments; Channel estimation based on OFDM;

Summary

SDR4all

OFDM

SDR4all

Summary

SDR4all

OFDM

SDR4all
Whats SDR4all anyways?

SDR: Software Dened Radio Hardware: radio frequency (RF) part (medium and high frequency); Software: Base-band radio. SDR4all: an easy to use platform for creating and testing

communication schemes
Hardware: SDR4all cards (USRPs will be used in this course); Software: Matlab toolbox + windows drivers + glue software.

Summary

SDR4all

OFDM

SDR4all
SDR frontend

Includes simple blocks, such as: MODEM - Bit/symbol manipulation - Error detection - Test; and also elaborate blocks, such as: Full transmission/reception chains - Channel sounding;

SDR4 ALL
http://www.sdr4all.eu/

Summary

SDR4all

OFDM

SDR4all
Hardware Backend

Controller (mother) board (USB Controller + FPGA)

RF control: Selection of frequency, rates, clock speeds... USB 2.0 link: Selection of rates, buer handling... Decimation/Interpolation: Sampling rates, ltering...

RF board (up to four)

RF circuitry: ISM band (2.4GHz), ltering, ampliers... Sampling: analog to digital / digital to analog converters. Glue logic: Conguration buses, board selection...

Summary

SDR4all

OFDM

SDR4all
Overview

computer

computer

Baseband TX

Baseband RX

MATLAB DRIVER

MATLAB DRIVER

USRP USB

USRP USB

Summary

SDR4all

OFDM

SDR4all
Inside the card

AD usb controler FPGA DA RF

Summary

SDR4all

OFDM

SDR4all
Inside the card

decimation and filtering

AD usb controler FPGA DA RF

Summary

SDR4all

OFDM

SDR4all
Inside the card

Highspeed I/Q

12 bit AD usb controler FPGA 10 bit DA RF

Summary

SDR4all

OFDM

SDR4all
Inside the card

ISM band @ 2.4 GHz 16 MHz band AD usb controler FPGA DA RF MAX 8230

Summary

SDR4all

OFDM

SDR4all
SISO vs. MIMO

AD usb controler FPGA DA RF

Summary

SDR4all

OFDM

SDR4all
SISO vs. MIMO

usb controler

AD AD FPGA DA DA RF RF

Summary

SDR4all

OFDM

SDR4all
SISO vs. MIMO

usb controler

FPGA

AD AD AD DA DA DA

RF RF RF

Summary

SDR4all

OFDM

SDR4all
SISO vs. MIMO

usb controler

FPGA

AD AD AD DA DA DA

RF RF RF

Summary

SDR4all

OFDM

OFDM

Summary

SDR4all

OFDM

OFDM
Principles

OFDM: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access

a particular form of multi-carrier transmission; suitable to frequency selective channels with high bandwidth; transforms a frequency-selective wide-band channel into a set

of at narrowband channels;
robust against large delay spreads by preserving orthogonality

in the frequency domain;

cyclic redundancy at the transmitter reduces the complexity to

only FFT processing.

Summary

SDR4all

OFDM

OFDM
Frequency selective fadign vs. Flat fading

Frequency selective fading: coherence bandwith is smaller

than that of the signal;

Flat fading: coherence bandwith is smaller than that of the

signal;
Coherence band (Wc ):

Wc

1 2 Td

Td is the delay spread (time between rst and last electromagnetic path)

Summary

SDR4all

OFDM

OFDM
Frequency selective fadign vs. Flat fading

Fig. 1. Multi-path channel.

Summary SDR4all OFDM oo high, especially in the case of high data rates communications. The main idea of OFDM transmissio urn the channel convolutional effect of equation (1) into a multiplicative one in order to simplify the equa sk. To this end, OFDM schemes add redundancy known as cyclic prex in a clever manner in order to cir he channel effect. Based on the fact that circular convolution can be diagonalized in an FFT basis [10], th ath time domain channel is transformed into a set of parallel frequency at fading channels. Moreover, Principles ystems take benet from the low cost implementation structure of digital FFT modulators2 . All these adv make OFDM particularly suited for frequency selective channels.

OFDM

MODULATOR
sk xk
xN
D 1

DEMODULATOR
rcp k
k

rk
r1 k rD k
cp cp

yk

xN k

P S

P S

h1
r1 k r2 k r3 k

s1 k s2 k

x1 k x2 k x3 k

x1 k

y1 k

bn xn DAC sampling rate T

xN
D 1

xt

rt

rn ADC sampling rate T

Ct

hN

k xN k
cp rN D

sN k

yN k
k rN k

xN k

modulation

guard interval insertion

parallel to serial conversion

digital to analog converter

analog to digital converter

serial to parallel conversion

guard interval suppression

demodulation

Fig. 2. OFDM model.

Summary

SDR4all

OFDM

OFDM
Considerations

FFT: transforms a convolution with the channel in time domain into a multiplication in the frequency domain; helps reduce the equalization process into a 1-tap one; Cyclic Prex: allows for the use of an FFT; helps guarantee the orthogonality of the system by taking care of block-interference;