Sub: Structural Engineering

Topic : Steel Structures

MODULE-39A
Beams and beam- columns, column bases.

Classification of cross-sections: Plastic: This can develop plastic hinges and have the rotation capacity required for failure of the structure by formation of plastic hinges. Compact: This can develop plastic moment of resistance, but have inadequate plastic hinge rotation, capacity for formation of plastic mechanism due to local buckling. Semi compact: Cross sections in which the extreme fiber in compression can reach yield stress, but cannot develop the plastic moment of resistance due to local buckling. Slender: cross-sections in which the elements buckle even before reaching yield stress. Laterally supported beam: A beam may be assumed to adequately supported at the supports, provided the compression flange has full lateral restraint. Full lateral restraint to compression flange may be assumed to exist if the lateral strength not less than 2.5% of the maximum force in the compression flange. Design bending strength: 1. V design shear strength V= design shear force

1.2 1.5

for simply supported for cantilever beam

=1.0 for plastic and compact = for semi compact

For slender sections:

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Sub: Structural Engineering = Holes in tension zone: Reduced design strength

Topic : Steel Structures

The effect of holes in the tension flange, on the design bending strength need not be considered if

When the

does not satisfy the above requirement, the reduced effective area .

satisfying the above equation may be taken instead of

The holes in compression flange need not be considered except for oversize and slotted or holes without fasteners. Shear lag effect: The shear lag effects in flanges may be disregarded, provided (a) For outstand elements (b) For internal elements where = length between points of zero moments width of flange with outstand = width of flange as on internal element. 2. a) Plastic or compact sections ( ) ( )

Plate design moment of the whole Section disregarding high shear

b) Plastic design strength of the c/s excluding the shear area. Laterally unsupported beams: For plastic & compact = for semi compact

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Sub: Structural Engineering

Topic : Steel Structures

for rolled steel section = 0.49 for welded steel section

Elastic critical moment = ( = * +

) ]

Plastic shear resistance:

Yeild strength of web. : For I and channel section

1. Shear area

Major axis bending: Hot rolled: Welded: Minor axis bending: Hot rolled or welded: 2b. 2. Rectangular hollow sections: Loaded parallel to depth:

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Sub: Structural Engineering Loaded parallel to width:

3. Circular hollow tubes: 4. Plates and solid bars: A

Topic : Steel Structures

Resistance to shear buckling: Resistance to shear buckling shall be verified as specified when for a web without stiffeners ( ) for a web with stiffeners shear buckling co-efficient = 5.35 when transverse stiffeners are provided only at =4+( =5.35+ Where Beam columns: The members which are subjected to both axial forces and bending moments are called beam-columns For plastic and compact sections: ( ) Or ( )
)

supports.

for for

are the spacings of transverse stiffeners and depth of web.

Where

factored applied moments y and z directly

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Sub: Structural Engineering

Topic : Steel Structures

design reduced flexural strength under combined axial force and respective uniaxial moment acting alone. N= factored applied axial force factored applied axial force Design strength under corresponding moment acting alone. constant depends on sections. For semi compact section

Column bases: Shear resistance at the proper contact surface between steel base and concrete may be calculated using a friction co-efficient of 0.45 The maximum bearing pressure should not exceed the bearing strength equal to 0.6 smaller of characteristic cube strength of concrete or bedding material. Minimum thickness of slab base: is the

= 1.2 = 1.2 ( )

Applying factor of safety for the material

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Sub: Structural Engineering 1.2 ( ( ( ) ) )

Topic : Steel Structures

> Thickness of column flange

Area of slab base =

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