Question Bank ACM 301 Principles of Auditing 1. Write a brief essay on the origin of Auditing. vads{k.

k.k ds mn~xe ij ,d laf{kIr ys[k fyf[k;sA 2. Define Auditing and explain in details its advantages. vads{k.k dh ifjHkk"kk nhf;ts vkSj mlds ykHkksa dks foLrkji o!d le"k#;sA 3. "Auditing is a luxury while Accountancy is necessary." vads{k.k foykflrk $S% t&fd ys[kk'kkL( vko';drk $SA #l d)k* dh foos+*k dhft;sA 4. Auditing is essential whether it is a sole trader s business or a partnership or a li!ited co!pany or a "overn!ent corporation". Discuss this state!ent. +k$s ,dkadh ,;olk;h $ks% lk"snkjh $ks % ;k ,d lhfer nkf;-o okyh d.i*h $ks v)kok dks#! jktdh; f*xe $ks% vads{k.k ije vko';d $SA #l d)k* dh foos+*k dhft;sA #. Define and differentiate between $oo%&%eeping' Accountancy' Auditing and (nvestigation. (s auditing a luxury) Discuss. i/Lriky*% ys[kkde!% vads{k.k ,oa v*/l01kk* esa v0rj &rk#;sA 2;k vads{k.k foykflrk $S3 le"k#;sA *. What are the ob+ects of an Audit) $riefly discuss the!. vads{k.k ds mn~ns'; 2;k $Sa3 la{ksi esa m*dk o.k!* dhft;s ,. "-ne of the ob+ects of an Audit is said to be detection of errors". .lassify such errors and explain how each class of error !ay arise and how it !ay be detected. (/f4;ksa dk irk yxk*k vads{k.k dk ,d e/[; mn~ns'; $SA ,slh (/f4;ksa dk oxh!dj.k dhft;s r)kk ;$ &rk;s fd (/f4;k5 dSls m-i0* $ksrh $S vkSj m*dk irk dSls yxk;k tk ldrk $S3 /. Discuss the state!ent "0anipulation of Accounts does not necessarily involve the !isappropriation or property". "ive three exa!ples to illustrate this state!ent. [kkrksa dh x67&67h esa l.if-r dh x67&67h $ks*k vko';d *$ha $SA #l d)k* dh foos+*k dhft;sA 1. "2he two !ain ob+ects of an Audit are the prevention and detection of errors and fraud". Discuss the state!ent. vads{k.k ds nks e/[; mn~ns'; v'k/f8;k5 ,oa 9y:di4ksa dk irk yxk*k vkSj m*dks jksd*k $ksrk $SA #l d)k* dh foos+*k dhft;sA 13. What are the different %inds of Audit) Discuss the !erits and de!erits of each. vads{k.k fdr*s i;dkj ds $ksrs $Sa 3 i;-;sd ds x/.k r)kk nks"kksa dk o.k!* dhft;sA 11. What is !eant by .ontinuous Audit and to which class of business it is specially applicable) 4tate briefly advantages and disadvantages of such an Audit. Also suggest ways to guard against its shortco!ings. yxkrkj vads{k.k dk 2;k v)k! $S r)kk fd* ,;olk;ksa esa ;$ e/[;r< vko';d $SA #l i;dkj ds vads{k.k ds x/.k nks"k &rk#;sA #ldh $kf*;ksa ls &+*s ds mik;ksa dks Hkh le"k#;sA 12. Write the difference between continues Audit and periodical Audit and point out the precautions' which should be ta%en in order to safeguard against disadvantages of continues Audit. Also state briefly advantages of periodical audit. f*;fer ;k yxkrkj vads{k.k vkSj lkekftd vads{k.k esa v0rj fyf[k;s r)kk vads{k.k dh $kf*;ksa ls &+*s ds fy, dh tk*s okyh lko1kkf*;ksa dk o.k!* dhft;sA lkekf;d vads{k.k ds la{ksi esa x/.k Hkh &rk#;sA Write short notes on the following5& f*.* ij laf{kIr f4Ii.kh fyf[k;s : 6i7 .ontinues Audit +ky vads{k.k 6ii7 8rivate Audit f*th vads{k.k 6iii7 (nteri! Audit v0rfje vads{k.k What steps would you ta%e before co!!encing the actual wor% of Audit of a $usiness) fdlh ,;olk; ds vads{k.k dk dk;! vkj.Hk dj*s ls i o! vki 2;k dne m=k;saxs3 What is an Audit 9ote $oo% ) What are its contents) :ow for it is helpful for an Auditor)

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vads{k.k f4Ii.kh i/Lrd 2;k $S3 #ldh fo"k; lkex;h 2;k $S3 ,d vads{k.k ds fy, ;$ fdr*h l$k;d $ksrh $S3 1*. What is ;outine .hec%ing) What are its ob+ects) Discuss advantages and disadvantages of ;outine .hec%ing. *S-;d tk5+ 2;k $S3 #lds 2;k mn~ns'; $S3 #lds x/.k r)kk vox/.kksa dh foos+*k dhft;sA 1,. What <ualification is legally necessary for the auditor of a co!pany ) What are the dis<ualification of a .o!pany Auditor ) ,d d.i*h vads{kd ds fy, fdl ;ks>;rk dh oS1kkf*d vko';drk $S 3 ,d d.i*h vads{kd dh v;ks>;rk,a 2;k $Sa 3 1/. Discuss the appoint!ent procedure of a .o!pany Auditor ) d.i*h vads{kd dh f*;/f2r i;f?;k dh foos+*k djsaA 11. What do you understand by 2est .hec%ing in Auditing) 4tate what precautions should be ta%en in this connection) vads{k.k esa ijh{k.k tk5+ ls vki 2;k le"rs $Sa3 #l l.&01k esa 2;k lko1kkf*;k5 &jr*h +kf$;s3 #lds x/.k r)kk nks"kksa dh ,;k[;k dhft;sA 23. What is an Audit 8rogra!!e and how should it be planed) What are advantages and disadvantages of conducting Audit in accordance with a fixed Audit progra!!e) vads{k.k dk;!?e ls vki 2;k le"rs $Sa3 r)kk #ldk f*ek!.k fdl i;dkj fd;k tk*k +kf$;s3 ,d L)kk;h vads{k.k dk;!?e ds v*/lkj vads{k.k dj*s ds 2;k ykHk $kf*;k5 $Sa3 21. What do you understand by an Audit progra!!e) Describe its i!portance in a syste! of efficient Audit. Would you reco!!end any change in the Audit progra!!e during the course of Audit. vads{k.k dk;!?e ls vki 2;k le"rs $Sa3 ,d d/'ky vads{k.k i8fr esa #lds e$-o dk o.k!* dhft;sA 2;k vki vads{k.k ds nkSjk* vads{k.k dk;!?e esa ifjor!* dh fl@kfj'k djsaxsA 22. Describe in brief the !eaning and i!portance of Audit progra!!e' Audit note boo% and Audit wor%ing papers. vads{k.k dk;!?e% vads{k.k *ks4 &/d vkSj vads{k.k ds dkedkt ls l.&f01kr dkxt i(ksa dk vk'k; ,oa e$-o dk la{ksi esa o.k!* dhft;sA 23. What legal docu!ents of a co!pany should an Auditor exa!ine prior to the co!!ence!ent of the first Audit and what points should his special attention be attracted in doing so) fdlh d.i*h ds i;)ke vads{k.k i;kj.Hk dj*s ds i o! vads{kd dks dkS* dkS* ls oS1kkf*d i(ksa dh tk5+ dj*h +kf$;s vkSj ,slh tk5+ dj*s esa mls fd* fd* &krksa dk fo'ks"k 1;k* j[k*k +kf$;sA 24. What do you understand by Audit wor%ing papers. 4tate your views about their ownership. vads{k.k l.&01kh dkxt i(ksa ls vki 2;k le"rs $Sa3 #*ds Lokfe-o ds l.&01k esa vi*s fo+kj i;Lr/r dhft;sA 2#. Write short notes on any three of the following5& f*.*fyf[kr esa ls fd0$ha rh* ij laf{kIr f4Iif.k;k5 fyf[k;s : 6i7 Auditor s Wor%ing 8aper vads{k.k l.&01kh dkxt i( 6ii7 ;outine .hec%ing *S-;d tk5+ 6iii7 Auditor s 9ote $oo% vads{k.k f4Ii.kh i/Lrd 6iv7 Audit 8rogra!!e vads{k.k dk;!?e 2*. Define internal chec% and explain its advantages and disadvantages. vk0rfjd f*jh{k.k dh ifjHkk"kk nhft;s vkSj mldh ykHk ,oa $kf*;ksa dks Li"4 dhft;sA 2,. What is !eant by the ter! (nternal .hec% ) What are special features of an efficient syste! of internal chec% and what is the position of an Auditor in relation to such syste!. vk0rfjd f*jh{k.k dk 2;k v)k! $S3 vk0rfjd f*jh{k.k dh d/'ky ,;oL)kk ds e/[; y{k.k 2;k $S3 vkSj ,d vads{kd dh #l ,;oL)kk esa 2;k fL)kfr $Sa3 What is internal audit) "ive its ob+ects and also differentiate between internal chec%' internal audit and internal control. vk0rfjd vads{k.k fdls d$rs $Sa3 #lds mn~ns'; &rk#;s r)kk vk0rfjd f*jh{k.k% vk0rfjd vads{k.k ,oa vk0rfjd f*;a(.k esa Hksn &rk#;sA

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As an auditor what syste! of internal chec% would you reco!!end for prevention of fraud in connection with purchase pay!ent for the sa!e. ,d vads{k.k ds *krs ?; vkSj mlds Hk/xrk* ds l.&01k esa 9y:di4 jksd*s ds fy;s vki vk0rfjd f*jh{k.k dh dkS* lh i8fr vi*k;saxs3 Describe briefly a syste! of internal chec% with regard to sales and sales returns. Lo?; ,oa fo?; okilh ds l.&01k esa vk0rfjd jksd)kke i;.kkyh dh foos+*k dhft;sA Describe a syste! of internal chec% for big business house where !ost of the sales are affected through cash. ,d &67h ,;kikfjd laL)kk esa t$k5 vf1kdka'k fo?; jksd67 esa $ksrh $S% vk0rfjd jksd)kke dh mi;/2r i;.kkyh dk mAys[k dhft;sA 4uggest a suitable syste! of internal chec% for recording cash receipts and cash pay!ents for a big business house. ,d &67h ,,;kikfjd laL)kk ds fy, *dn i;kfIr r)kk *dn Hk/xrk* l.&01kh ys[kksa ds fy, ,d mf+r vk0rfjd f*jh{k.k i;.kkyh ds fy, l/"ko nhft;sA Describe a suitable syste! of internal chec% with regards to wages for a big !anufacturing house. ,d &67s mrikn* xB$ ds fy;s etn jh ls l.&f01kr ,d mi;/2r vk0rfjd f*jh{k.k dh i;.kkyh dh ,;k[;k dhft;sA 4uggest a syste! of internal chec% and control over stores' of a large !anufacturing concern. fdlh &67h m-ikn* laL)kk esa lkex;h ds vk0rfjd f*jh{k.k r)kk f*;0(.k dh ,;oL)kk ds fy;s l/"ko nhft;sA 8oint out the difference between internal chec%' internal audit and statutory audit and explain !erits and de!erits of internal chec%. vk0rfjd f*jh{k.k r)kk vk0rfjd f*;0(.k ds &h+ v0rj &rk#;s r)kk vk0rfjd f*jh{k.k ds x/.k o nks"k &rk#;sA What is voucher) Discuss in detail the points to which attention should be paid while exa!ining the vouchers relating to pay!ents. i;ek.kd 2;k $ksrk $S3 Hk/xrk* ls l.&f01kr i;ek.kdksa dh tk5+ djrs le; fd* &krksa ij fo'ks"k Ci ls 1;k* ns*k +kf$;sA 617 "(n vouching' pay!ents the auditor does not !erely see% proof that !oney has been paid away". Discuss. 627 "ive exa!ples of at least three vouchers you would refuse to accept although they are properly sta!ped and signed. =xplain clearly the reason of your refusal. DEF Hk/xrk*ksa ls l.&f01kr i;ek.kdksa dks i;ekf.kr djrs le; vads{kd dsoy ;$h *$ha i;ekf.kr djrk fd Gi;ksa dk Hk/xrk* dj fn;k x;k $S% foos+*k dhft;sA DHF m* i;ek.kdksa ds de ls de rh* mnk$j.k nhft;s% ft0$sa vki vLohdkj dj nsaxs% ;Ifi m* ij mf+r f4fd4 ,oa $Lrk{j $SaA vi*h vLohdBfr ds dkj.kksa dks Li"4 dhft;sA ">ouching is the bac% bone of Auditing". =xplain this state!ent. i;ek.k* vads{k.k dh jhJ7 dh $6~6h $SA #l d)k* dh ,;k[;k dhft;sA What is vouching) :ow would you vouch the cash boo%) i;ek.k* ls 2;k vk'k; $S3 jksd67 i/Lrd dk i;ek.k* vki fdl i;dkj djsaxs3 :ow the vouching of purchases and sales boo% should be done) =xplain. ?; r)kk fo?; i/Lrdksa dk i;ek.k* fdl i;dkj fd;k tk*k +kf$;s3 Write i!portance of vouching and describe the vouching of sales return boo% ? @ournal properly. i;ek.k* dk e$-o fyf[k;s vkSj fo?; okilh ,oa t*!y ds i;ek.k* dk o.k!* dhft;sA :ow will you vouch the following5& vki f*.*fyf[kr dk i;ek.k* dSls djsaxs3 6i7 .ash 4ales *dn fo?; 6ii7 (nco!e fro! invest!ents fof*;ksxksa ls vk; 6iii7 ;ent fro! :ouse 8roperty xB$ l.if-r ls fdjk;k 6iv7 4ale of (nvest!ents fof*;ksxksa dk fo?; What steps would you ta%e for the vouching of the following 5 f*.*fyf[kr ds i;ek.k* $sr/ vki 2;k dne m=k;saxs3 6i7 $ad Debts 6 &r K.k

6ii7 :ire 8urchase (nstall!ents fdjk;k ?; fdLrsa 6iii7 4alary osr* 6iv7 8ay!ent of goods purchased [kjhns $/, eky dk Hk/xrk* 44. Write an essay on the valuation of assets. l.if-r;ksa ds e A;kad* ij ,d f*&01k fyf[k;sA 4#. 4tate clearly how the assets of a business revalued for balance sheet purposes. f+4~=s ds fy, l.if-r;ksa dk e A;kad* fdl i;dkj fd;k tkrk $S3 4*. What are the principles of valuing assets. Describe the duties of an Auditor regarding valuation. l.if-r;ksa ds e A;kad* ds l.&01k es 2;k f*;e $S3 e A;kad* ds l.&01k esa vads{kd ds dr!,;ksa dk o.k!* dhft;sA 4,. =xplain the !ethods of valuation of stoc% of a business and point out the duty of an auditor in respect of the valuation of stoc%. fdlh ,;olk; ds Ld01k ds e A;kad* dj*s dh fof1k;ksa dks le"k#;s r)kk Ld01k ds e A;kad* ds l.&01k esa vads{kd ds dr!,;ksa dk o.k!* dhft;sA 4/. Distinguish between current and fixed assets. :ow the following assets usually valued for a balance sheet) 617 Aand 637 4toc% of ;aw 0aterials 627 $oo% Debts 647 4toc% of 0anufactured "oods +y o v+y l.if-r;ksa esa Hksn dhft;sA fdl i;dkj f*.* enksa dk e A;kad* fd;k tk;sxk: DEF Hk fe DLF dM+s eky dk Ld01k DLF i/Lrd K.k DNF f*fe!r eky dk Ld01k 41. 8oint out the difference between verification and valuation of assets. =xa!ine in detail the considerations that should be given to the different type of assets. l.if-r;ksa ds l-;ki* r)kk e A;kad* esa 2;k v0rj $S3 fofo1k ox! dh l.if-r;ksa ds e A;kad* esa fd* fd* &krksa dks 1;k* esa j[k*k +kf$;s3 #3. What do you understand by verification of assets and liabilities) Describe its general principles) l.if-r;ksa vkSj nkf;-oksa ds l-;ki* ls vki 2;k le"rs $Saa3 #l l.&01k esa lkek0; f*;e 2;k $S3

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Discuss the responsibilities of an Auditor for verifying the correctness of stoc% in trade. ,;kikfjd Ld01k ds l-;ki* ds l.&01k esa ,d vads{kd ds m-rjnkf;-o dh foos+*k dhft;sA #2. What is the ob+ect of verification of assets and how would you verify the following5& l.if-r;ksa ds l-;k* dk 2;k mn~ns'; $S3 f*.*fyf[kr dk l-;ki* vki fdl i;dkj djsaxs: 6i7 Aand ? $uilding Hk fe ,oa Hko* 6ii7 (nvest!ents fof*;ksx 6iii7 "oodwill [;kfr 6iv7 8atents ? 2rade 0ar% ,dLo ,oa ,;kikj f+0$ #3. :ow would you verify the following5& f*.*fyf[kr dk l-;k* vki dSls djsaxs : 6i7 Wor%&in&8rogress +ky dk;! 6ii7 Aoose 2ools @/4dj vkStkj 6iii7 4tores lkex;h 6iv7 -utstanding =xpenses vn-r ,;; #4. What is Audit report) =xplain its i!portance) vads{kd i;frosn* 2;k $S3 #lds e$-o dks &rk#;sA ##. What is Audit ;eport) Write a <ualified report of li!ited .o!pany) vads{kd i;frosn* 2;k $S3 ,d lhfer nkf;-o okyh d.i*h dh e;k!fnr fjiks!4 fyf[k;sA

Q U E S T IO N B A NK A B M - 3 0 1 : B U S I N E S S M AT H E M AT I C S U N IT- I 1 . G i v e a d e t a i l e d a c c o u n t o f t h e r o l e o f m a t h e m a t i c s i n e c o n o mi c a n a l y s i s . I s i t t r u e t h a t e c o n o mi c s a s a s u b j e c t i s e v o l v i n g i n t o ma t h e ma tics? 2 . W h a t d o y o u u n d e r s t a n d b y mo d e l i n g e c o n o mi c s i t u a t i o n s ? G i v e a n e x a mp l e o f s i m p l e l i n e a r p r o g r a m m i n g m o d e l t o j u s t i f y y o u r a n s w e r. . !ollowing table indicates nutritional properties of different food items alo ng with "erving#limit perday and cost $%s.& per serving'
!ood /atmeal %ice +ulses 6il* 7eans "alads "erving "i (e 20 g 102 g 30 g 2 4 cc 13 g 122 g )nergy $*cal& 11 0 213 221 10 245 124 +rotein $g& ,alcium $mg& 0 0 0 10 43 3 12 222 4 10 4 ,ost $%s. & p2 er servin 1 12 15 5 4 1 -imit $"ervings.d ay& 1 2 2

8utritionists suggest that a satisfactory balanced diet should have at least 22 2 2 * c a l o f e n e r g y9 0 0 g o f p r o t e i n a n d 5 2 2 m g o f c a l c i u m . I n o r d e r t o e n j o y v a r i

ety of food and pleasing to the palate9restriction on servings per day has be en imposed. Model the situation o! least "ost satis a"to!#$alan"ed diet% 1. Write short notes on the foll o wi n g ' # i & "et /peration s ii& %ussell +aradox iii& "et %elations 0 . ) x p l a i n t h e c o n c e p t o f s e t wi t h s u i t a b l e e x a mp l e s ? W h a t a r e v a r i o us types of set? G i v e e x a mp l e s . 4. a& If : 7 ; : 7 prove that : ; 7 b& If : 79 prove that $, < 7 & $, < :&

3. Write a note on fundamental properties of set operations. 5. )xplain the concept of set relations and functions. What are di ff e r e n t t y p e s o f f u n c t i o n s ? = . I n a c l a s s o f 1 2 2 s t u d e n t s n u mb e r e d 1 t o 1 2 2 9 a l l e v e n n u mb e r e d s t u d e n t s o p t f o r + h y s i c s 9 w h o s e n u mb e r s a r e d i v i s i b l e b y 0 o p t f o r , h e m i s t r y a n d t h o s e w h o s e n u mb e r s a r e d i v i s i b l e b y 3 o p t f o r 6 a t h . > o w ma n y o p t f o r n o n e o f t h e t h r e e s u b j e c t s ? 1 2 . : f a c t o r y i n s p e c t o r e x a mi n e d t h e d e f e c t s i n h a r d n e s s 9 f i n i s h a n d d i m e n s i o n s o f a n i t e m . : f t e r e x a mi n i n g 1 2 2 i t e m s h e g a v e t h e f o l l o wi n g r e p o r t ' :ll three defects 09 defects in hardness and finish 129 defects in d i me n s i o n a n d f i n i s h 5 9 d e f e c t s i n d i m e n s i o n a n d h a r d n e s s 2 2 . ? e fects in finish 29 in hardness 2 9 i n d i me n s i o n 0 2 . t h e i n s p e c t o r w a s f i n e d . W h y ? 1 1 . I n a s u r v e y c o n d u c t o f 1 2 2 2 @e a c h e r s 9 i t w a s f o u n d t h a t 1 5 A p r e f e r r e d , o f f e e $ , & 9 0 1 A p r e f e r r e d @e a $ @ & a n d 4 1 A w e r e s m o * e r s $ " & 9 2 5 A t o o * c o ff e e a s w e l l a s t e a 9 2 A t o o * t e a a n d a l s o s mo * e s a n d 2 A s m o * e r s a n d c o f f e e u s e r 9 4 A d i d n o n e o f t h e s e . ! i n d t h e n u m b e r. a & B s i n g @e a 9 , o f f e e a n d a l s o s mo * i n g b & , o n s u me d o n l y , o f f e e C c & " m o * e r s t a * i n g @e a b u t n o t , o f f e e . 12. : s u r v e y o f 1 2 2 2 c o mp a n i e s g i v e s t h e f o l l o wi n g d a t a ' , o mp a n i e s wi t h a c a p i t a l o f mo r e t h a n 2 2 l a * h s ' 0 1 2 , o mp a n i e s ma * i n g p r o f i t s ' 1 = 2

, o mp a n i e s u n d e r 6 a n a g i n g : g e n t s ' 123 , o mp a n i e s wi t h a c a p i t a l o f mo r e t h a n 2 2 l a * h s a n d ma * i n g p r o f i t s ' 15= , o mp a n i e s wi t h a c a p i t a l o f mo r e t h a n 2 2 l a * h s a n d u n d e r 6 a n a ging :gents' 112 , o mp a n i e s ma * i n g p r o f i t s a n d u n d e r 6 a n a g i n g : g e n t s ' 5 0 , o m me n t o n t h e a c c u r a c y o f t h e i n f o r ma t i o n g i v e n . 1 . i n a s u r v e y o f 1 2 2 f a mi l i e s t h e n u m b e r s t h a t r e a d t h e mo s t r e c e n t i s s u e s o f v a r i o u s ma g a ( i n e s w e r e f o u n d t o b e a s f o l l o w s ' %eaders ?igest 25 % e a d e r s ? i g e s t C " c i e n c e @o d a y 5 " c i e n c e @o d a y 2 % e a d e r s ? i g e s t C @i m e 12 @i m e 12 " c i e n c e @o d a y C @ i m e 0 : l l t h e t h r e e ma g a ( i n e s Bsing set theory find' a & > o w ma n y r e a d n o n e o f t h e t h r e e ma g a ( i n e s ? b & > o w ma n y r e a d @i me a s t h e i r o n l y ma g a ( i n e ? c & > o w m a n y r e a d " c i e n c e @o d a y i f a n d o n l y i f t h e y r e a d @ i m e ? 1 1 . I n a s u r v e y o f 2 2 c o mp a n i e s 9 t h e n u mb e r o f c o mp a n i e s u s i n g d i ff e r e n t me d i a f o r a d v e r t i s e me n t s a r e a s f o l l o w s ' 8; 2229 %; 1229 >; 52 8D%; 029 %D>; 29 8D>; 029 8D%D>; 22 ! i n d t h e n u mb e r o f c o m p a n i e s u s i n g me d i a o t h e r t h a n n e w s p a p e r s $ 8&9 radio $%&9 a n d h a n d b i l l s $ > & f o r a d v e r t i s e me n t s . 10. ' x a& b& -et : ; Ex 8' x2 < 0x F 4 ; 2G9 7 ; Ex W' 2 x 2 G and , ; Ex 8 < G9then verify that : H $7 ,& ; $: H 7& $: H ,& : H $7 ,& ; $: H 7& $: H ,&
2

14. In a survey of reading habits of 122 students it was found tha t 0 2 u s e d t h e u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y9 1 2 h a d t h e i r o w n l i b r a r y a n d 2 b orrowed from friends. It wasalso found that 22 students used both the university library and their own9 10 usedtheir own library as we ll as borrowed from friends9 while 12 used the university andalso b orrowed from friends. >ow many students used all the three so urces ofboo*s? U N IT- I I 1 3 . @ h e I n c o me # t a x o n a n i n d i v i d u a l i n c o me v a r i e s a s t h e s I u a r e o f t h e e x c e s s o f t h e i n d i v i d u a l Os y e a r l y i n c o me o v e r % s . 4 9 2 2 2 . # . @ h e t a x o n y e a r l y i n c o me o f % s . 1 2 9 2 2 2 . # i s % s . 4 1 2 . # . ! i n d t h e t a x o n y e a r l y i n c o me o f % s . 1 2 9 2 2 2 . # . 1 5 . : ma n O s s a v i n g s a r e p r o p o r t i o n a l t o h i s i n c o me a b o v e % s . 1 2 2 . # . W h en h i s i n c o me i s % s . 0 2 2 . # 9 h e s a v e s % s . 2 2 . # . W h a t w i l l b e h i s s a v i n g s i f h i s i n c o me b e c o me s % s . 5 2 2 . # ? W h a t mu s t b e h i s i n c o me i f h e w a n t s t o s a v e % s . 1 2 2 . # 1 = . : ma n s o l d h i s p r o p e r t y a n d r e c e i v e d 4 0 l a c s i n J a n u a r y 2 2 2 3 f o r which he paid 2 2 A i n c o me t a x . / u t o f t h i s mo n e y h e d e c i d e s t o d o n a t e f r o m 6 a r c h 1 2 2 2 3 9 1 p a i s a o n t h e f i r s t d a y9 2 p a i s a o n t h e s e c o n d d a y9 1 p a i s a o n t h e t h i r d d a y9 i . e . 9 h e d o n a t e d d o u b l e t h e a m o u n t h e d i d o n t h e p r e v i o u s d a y9 t i l l t h e e n d o f 6 a r c h 2 2 2 3 . W h e t h e r t h e m o n e y a v a i l a b l e wi t h h i m i s e n o u g h t o me e t h i s d e s i r e o r n o t ? 2 2 . ! i r m K :O s t a r t s p r o d u c i n g 1 2 2 u n i t s a n d d e c r e a s e s p r o d u c t i o n b y 0 2 u n i t s y e a r l y. ! i r m K 7 O s t a r t s b y p r o d u c i n g 2 0 2 u n i t s a n d i n c

r e a s e s p r o d u c t i o n b y 2 0 u n i t s y e a r l y. : s s u m i n g t h a t b o t h f i r m s o p e r a t e i n : +9 f i n d ' i & I n w h a t y e a r b o t h wi l l p r o d u c e t h e s a me a mo u n t ? i i & W h e n w i l l f i r m K :O p r o d u c e ( e r o o u t p u t ?

21. a & > o w ma n y t e r ms a r e t h e r e i n t h e : + 3 9 1 9 1 = 9 L . 2 2 0 ? b & I s 2 1 a t e r m o f t h e : + 0 9 11 9 1 3 9 2 L L ? 22. a & ! i n d t h e n u mb e r o f a r r a n g e me n t t h a t c a n b e ma d e o u t o f t h e l e t t e r s of the word M : " " : " " I 8 :@ I / 8 N b & I n h o w ma n y w a y s 9 a p a r t y o f 1 o r mo r e p e r s o n s c a n b e s e l e c t ed from 12persons? 2 . a & @ h e r e a r e 0 b a l l s i n b a g : a n d 1 b a l l s i n b a g 7 . I n h o w ma n y w a y s can a boydraw 4 balls if he has to choose at least 2 from each ba g. b & : > i g h c o u r t 7 e n c h c o n s i s t s o f 0 j u d g e s . I n h o w ma n y w a y s t h e b e nch can give a ma j o r i t y d e c i s i o n . : l s o 9 c a l c u l a t e t h e w a y s o f n e g a t i o n n o t a f f e c t i n g t h e ma j o r i t y d e c i s i o n ?

2 1 . : f i r m p r o d u c e d 1 2 2 2 @ O s e t s d u r i n g i t s f i r s t y e a r. @ h e t o t a l s u m o f t h e f i r mO s p r o d u c t i o n a t t h e e n d o f 1 2 y e a r O s o p e r a t i o n i s 1 1 0 2 2 setsP a & ) s t i m a t e b y h o w m a n y u n i t s 9 p r o d u c t i o n i n c r e a s e d e a c h y e a r9 i f the increaseevery year is uniform9 and b & ! o r e c a s t 9 b a s e d o n t h e a n n u a l i n c r e me n t i n p r o d u c t i o n 9 t h e l e v th el of output forthe 10 y e a r. 2 0 . : c a r ma n u f a c t u r i n g c o mp a n y p r o d u c e s 1 2 2 t r u c * s d u r i n g t h e th f i r s t y e a r. t h e p r o d u c t i o n o f c a r s w a s 3 2 2 i n t h e 0 y e a r. I f t h e i n c r ease in production per year isconstant9 find the increase in produc th t i o n e a c h y e a r. W h a t wi l l b e t h e l e v e l o f o u t p u t f o r t h e 1 2 Qe a r . 24. )xpand the follo wi n g s ' a& $x F
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2 3 . 6 r. H a r r a n g e s t o p a y o f f a d e b t o f % s . = 4 2 2 i n 1 5 i n s t a l m e n t s w h i c h f o r m a n a r i t h me t i c a l s e r i e s . W h e n 1 2 o f t h e s e i n s t a l me n t s a r e p a i d 9 6 r. H b e c o m e s i n s o l v e n t a n d h i s c r e d i t o r f i n d s t h a t % s . 2 1 2 2 s t i l l r e ma i n s u n p a i d . ! i n d t h e v a l u e o f e a c h o f t h e f i r s t t h r e e i n s t a l m e n t s o f 6 r. H . I g n o r e i n t e r e s t . 25. Write short notes on the foll o wi n g s # i & Indices ii& "urds iii& - o g a r i t h ms C : n t i l o g a r i t h ms iv& , i r c u l a r p e r mu t a t i o n a n d c o mb i n a t i o n .

U N IT- I I I 2= . i & 6 r. % a m b u y s 5 d o ( e n p e n c i l s 9 1 2 d o ( e n c o p i e s a n d 1 d o ( e n stic*ers. +encils cost %s. 15 per do(en9 copies %s. = per do(en and stic *ers %s. 4 perdo(en. %epresent the Iuantities bought by a ro w ma t r i x a n d t h e p r i c e s b y a c o l u mn ma t r i x a n d o b t a i n t h e t o t a l c o s t . i i & @ h r e e f i r ms : 9 7 9 , s u p p l i e d 1 2 9 0 a n d 2 0 t r u c * # l o a d s o f s t o n e s a n d 1 2 9 0 9 5 t r u c * l o a d s o f s a n d r e s p e c t i v e l y t o a c o n t r a c t o r.

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1 . @ h e r e a r e t w o f a mi l i e s : a n d 7 . I n f a mi l y : 9 t h e r e a r e 1 me n 9 4 w o me n a n d 2 c h i l d r e n . I n f a mi l y 7 9 t h e r e a r e 2 me n 9 2 w o me n a n d 1 c h i l d r e n . @ h e r e c o m me n d e d d a i l y r e I u i r e me n t s o f c a r b o h y d r a t e s i s ma n 2 1 2 2 9 w o ma n 1 = 2 2 a n d c h i l d 1 5 2 2 . @ h e d a i l y r e I u i r e me n t o f p r o t e i n i s ma n 0 0 g m. 9 w o ma n 1 0 g m. a n d c h i l d g m. , a l c u l a t e t h e t o t a l r e I u i r e me n t o f c a r b o h y d r a t e s a n d p r o t e i n s f o r e a c h o f t h e t w o f a mi l i e s u s i n g ma t r i c e s . 0 . ) x p l a i n t h e c o n c e p t o f ? e t e r mi n a n t s . W h a t d o y o u u n d e r s t a n d b y 6i n o r s a n d , o # f a c t o r s o f ? e t e r mi n a n t ? 4. ) x p l a i n t h e ! o l l o w i n g @e r m s '

a & @r a n s p o s e o f a 6 a t r i x b & " y m m e t r i c 6 a t r i c e s a n d " * e w " y mm e t r i c 6 a t r i c e s c & I n v e r s e o f a 6a t r i x 3 . ) x p l a i n t h e t e r m 6 a t r i x . ) l u c i d a t e d i ff e r e n t t y p e s o f s p e c i a l ma t r ices. 5 . : ma n u f a c t u r e r p r o d u c e s t h r e e p r o d u c s : 9 7 9 a n d , w h i c h h e s e l l s i n t w o ma r * e t s . : n n u a l s a l e v o l u me s a r e i n d i c a t e d a s f o l l o w s Ma!&e '!odu"t '!odu"t '!odu"t t I A 1222 B 15222 C 22222 II 12222 0222 222 B s i n g 6 a t r i x9 ! i n d t h e t o t a l r e v e n u e o f e a c h ma r * e t i f s a l e p r i c e o f : 9 7 and , are %s. 2 9 % s . 1 . 0 2 a n d % s . 1 . 2 0 r e s p e c t i v e l y. : l s o f i n d t h e g r o s s p r o f i t 9 i f b e i ng given that theunit cost of :9 79 , are %s. 1.529 %s. 1.12 and %s. 2.52 r e s p e c t i v e l y. U N IT- I ( =. Write short notes on the foll o wi n g s ' # i & % a t i o n a l a n d I r r a t i o n a l 8 u mb e r s i i & @y p e s o f 8 u mb e r s i i i & , / 8 " @: 8 @ i v & ? ) % I O :@ I O ) " ? i ff e r e n t i a t e t h e f o l l o wi n g f u n c t i o n s u s i n g f i r s t p r i n c i p l e ' 2 1. x F 1.x F 3 2 2 2. $2x #x Fx#2&.x ) x p l a i n d i f f e r e n t r u l e s o f ? i ff e r e n t i a t i o n wi t h s u i t a b l e ) x a mp l e ? W r i t e s h o r t n o t e s o n t h e f o l l o wi n g 7 a s i c % u l e s o f I

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1 0 . ) x p l a i n t h e e c o n o mi c a p p l i c a t i o n s o f ? e r i v a t i v e s w i t h s o me s u i t a b l e e x a mp l e s . U N IT- ( 14. ) x p l a i n t h e f o l l o wi n g c o n c e p t w i t h s u i t a b l e e x a mp l e s # i & + l a y e r s i i & G a me iii&"trategy ) x p l a i n t h e f o l l o wi n g c o n c e p t w i t h s u i t a b l e e x a mp l e s # i & " a d l e p o i n t s o l u t i o n i i & + a y o ff 6a t r i x i i i & 6 i x e d " t r a t e g y.

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1 5 . W h a i s o p t i ma l s o l u t i o n ? a r e % o mi n i mu m9 c o l u mn ma x i mu m t m a x i m i c> wu l a t e d ? w and ao lc n 1 = . W h a t a r e 6 i x e d a n d ? o m i n a t e d s t r a t e g y. ) x p l a i n t h e c o n c e p t w i t h s u i t a b l e e x a mp l e ? 02. " o l v e t h e g a me w h o s e p a y o f f ma t r i x i s g i v e n b y :1 :2 : 71 1 2 1 72 #1 0 7 1 # #1

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0 1 . W h a t d o y o u u n d e r s t a n d b y ( e r o s u m g a me a n d c o n s t a n t s u m g a me ? ) x p l a i n w i t h e x a mp l e .

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