18123class 12 Testchapterwise

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Sample Paper 2012 Class XII Subject Chemistry ================================================================= SELECTED QUESTIONS OF CHA TE! :ALDEH"DE# $ETONE# CA!%O&"LIC ACID AND O!'ANIC CO( OUND CONTAININ' NIT!O'EN ================================================================= Q. ). Suggest * +e*so, -o+ the .*+ge /0--e+e,ce 0, the bo0.0,g po0,ts o- but*,o. *,/ but*,*.# *.though the1 h*2e s*me so.ub0.0t1 0, w*te+. A,s. The b. pt. of butanol is higher than that of butanal because butanol has strong intermolecular H-bonding while butanal has weak dipole-dipole interaction. However both of them form H-bonds with water and hence are soluble. Q. 3. 4h1 HCOOH /oes ,ot g02e H56 7He.. 5o.h*,/ 6e.0,s819 +e*ct0o, but CH:COOH /oes ; A,s. CH3COOH contains hydrogens and hence give HV reaction but HCOOH does not contain -hydrogen and hence does not give HV reaction. Q. :. 4h*t m*8es *cet0c *c0/ * st+o,ge+ *c0/ th*, phe,o. ; A,s. Q.<. A,s. !reater resonance stabili"ation of acetate ion over pheno#ide ion. How w0.. 1ou /0st0,gu0sh betwee, meth*,o. *,/ eth*,o. ; $y %odoform test & 'thanol having -methyl gp will give yellow ppt. of iodoform whereas methanol does not have -methyl gp will not give ppt. of iodoform. Q. =. D0st0,gu0sh betwee, : 709 7009 A,s. (i) Acet*./eh1/e *,/ *ceto,e (eth*,o0c *c0/ *,/ Eth*,o0c *c0/. *cetaldehyde will give positive tests with Tollen+s reagent and ,ehling -olns. whereas acetone will not give these test.
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(ii)
.ethanoic acid gives Tollen+s reagent test whereas ethanoic acid does not due to difference in their boiling points.
Q. >. A++*,ge the -o..ow0,g 0, o+/e+ o- 0,c+e*s0,g bo0.0,g po0,ts : CH:CH3CH3OH# CH:CH3CH3CH:# CH:CH3 ? OCH3CH:# CH:CH3CH3CHO A,s. CH3CH/CH/CH3 0 C/H1OC/H1 0 CH3CH/CH/CHO 0 CH3 (CH/)/ OH (hydrogen) (ether) (aldehyde) (alcohol) 222222222222222222 increase in bond polarity.
Q. @. A.though phe,oA0/e 0o, h*s mo+e ,o. o- +eso,*t0,g st+uctu+es th*, c*+boA1.*te 0o,# c*+boA1.0c *c0/ 0s * st+o,ge+ *c0/. 4h1 ; A,s. Con3ugate base of phenol 2 pheno#ide ion has non e4uivalent resonance structures in which 5ve charge is at less electronegative C-atom and 6ve charge is at more electronegative O-atom. 7esonance is not so effective.
%n carbo#ylate ion8 5 ve charge is delocalised on two electronegative O-atoms hence resonance is more effective .
O R C O R C
O R C O
Q. B. A, o+g*,0c compou,/ w0th the mo.ecu.*+ -o+mu.* C CH)DO -o+ms 3# <EDN /e+02*t02e# +e/uces To..e,Fs +e*ge,t *,/ u,/e+goes C*,,0G*+o +e*ct0o,. O,
20go+ous oA0/*t0o,# 0t g02es )# 3Ebe,Ge,e/0c*+boA1.0c *c0/. I/e,t0-1 the compou,/. A,s. (i) -ince the given compound with .. ,. C9H:;O forms a /8 <-=>? derivative and reduces Tollen+s reagent8 it must be an aldehyde. (ii) -ince it undergoes Canni"aro reaction8 therefore CHO gp. is directly attached
to the ben"ene ring. (iii) -ince on vigorous o#idation8 it gives :8 /-ben"ene dicarbo#ylic acid8 therefore it must be an ortho substituted ben"aldehyde. The only o-substituted aromatic aldehyde having .. ,. C9H:;O is /-ethyl ben"aldehyde. *ll the reactions can now be e#plained on the basis of this structure
COO
*g 6
C 2H
5
@*g (>H3)/A6 OH5 2222222 Tollen+s reagent
CHO
@OA 2222
COOH
C 2H
COOH
-ilver mirror /-ethyl ben"oate
/-ethyl ben"aldehyde :8 /-ben"ene dicarbo#ylic acid (.. ,. C9H:;O) /8 <-dinitrophenyl hydro"ene

NO CH = NNH
2
N O 2 + H 2O
C 2H
/8 <-=>? derivative B9 !ive simple chemical test to distinguish between the following pair of compounds&(i) ?ropanal C propanone (ii) $en"aldehyde and *cetophenone (iii) 'thanal C ?ropanal (iv) *cetophenone C $en"ophenone *ns&(i) ?ropanal C propanone (ii) $en"aldehyde and *cetophenone (i) 'thanal C ?ropanal (ii) *cetophenone C $en"ophenone
Tollen+s reagent Test $y %odoform Test.
B:;. How will you distinguishD (i) (ii) ?henol C $en"oic *cid $en"oic *cid C 'thyl ben"oate.
*ns&- $y -odiumbicarbonate test8 $en"oic acid gives effervescence. COOH 6 >aHCO3 COO>a E 6 CO/ 6 H/O
?henol and ethyl ben"oate do not give this Test. B:: How will you distinguish the following pairs&(i) ?entan- /-one and ?entan- 3-one (ii) ?ropanol C ?ropanal (iii) .ethanal C 'thanal O O EE EE *ns&- CH3-CH/-CH/-C-CH38 CH3-CH/- C-CH/-CH/ Fill !ive 6ve %odoform test =o not give 6ve %odoform test (iii) ?ropanol will give sodium metal test.
?ropanol will give 6ve ,ehling+s -olution Test Question 12 An organic compound contains 69.77% carbon, 11.63% hydrogen and rest oxygen. The mo ecu ar mass o! the compound is "6. #t does not reduce To ens$ reagent but !orms an addition compound %ith sodium hydrogensu phite and gi&e positi&e iodo!orm test. 'n &igorous oxidation it gi&es ethanoic and propanoic acid. (rite the possib e structure o! the compound. )imp* A+,- % o! carbon . 69.77 % % o! hydrogen . 11.63 % % o! oxygen . /100 1 )69.77 2 11.63*3%
. 1".6 % Thus, the ratio o! the number o! carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in the organic compound can be gi&en as-
There!ore, the empirica !ormu a o! the compound is 45610'. +o%, the empirica !ormu a mass o! the compound can be gi&en as5 7 12 2 10 71 2 1 7 16 . "6 8o ecu ar mass o! the compound . "6 There!ore, the mo ecu ar !ormu a o! the compound is gi&en by 45610'. ,ince the gi&en compound does not reduce To en$s reagent, it is not an a dehyde. Again, the compound !orms sodium hydrogen su phate addition products and gi&es a positi&e iodo!orm test. ,ince the compound is not an a dehyde, it must be a methy 9etone. The gi&en compound a so gi&es a mixture o! ethanoic acid and propanoic acid. 6ence, the gi&en compound is pentan121o .
The gi&en reactions can be exp ained by the !o o%ing e:uations-
Q.13 6o% %i you prepare the !o o%ing compounds !rom ben;ene< =ou may use any inorganic reagent and any organic reagent ha&ing not more than one carbon atom )i* 8ethy ben;oate )ii* m>+itroben;oic acid )iii* p>+itroben;oic acid )i&* ?heny acetic acid )&* p>+itroben;a dehyde.
A+,-)i*
)ii*
)iii*
)i&*
)&*
Q1@ *n organic compound G*+ with molecular formula C HHHO forms an orang e red precipitate with /-< =>? reagent C with yellow precipitate with on heating with iodine in the presence of sodium hydro#ide. %t neither reduce Tollens or fehling reagent nor does it decolori"e bromine water. On drastic o#idation with chromic acid8 it gives a carbo#ylic acid ($) having molecular formula n CIHJO/. %dentify the compound K*L and K$L and e#plain th e reaction involved.
Q. )= A.though ? NH3 gp 0s *, o+tho *,/ p*+* /0+ect0,g gp# ,0t+*t0o, o- *,0.0,e g02es *.o,g w0th o+tho *,/ p*+*# met* /e+02*t02es *.so. A,s. >itration is carried out with a mi#ture of Conc. >O3 6 Conc. H/-O< (nitrating mi#). %n the presence of these acids8 most of aniline gets protonated to form anilinium ion. Therefore8 in the presence of acids8 the reaction mi#ture consists of aniline and anilinium ion. >ow 5 >H/ gp in aniline is O8 p-directing and activating while 5> 6H3 gp in anilinium ion is m-directing and deactivating hence a mi#ture of all three5ortho8 para and meta derivatives is formed. Q. )>. 8b o- *,0.0,e 0s mo+e th*, th*t o- meth1. *m0,e.
A,s.
%n aniline8 the lone pair of electrons on the >-atom are delocali"ed over the ben"ene ring. *s a result electron density on the nitrogen decreases. %n contrast in CH />H/8 6 % effect of CH3 increase the electron density on the >-atom. Therefore8 aniline is a weaker base than methylamine and hence its ?k b value is higher than that of methylamine.
Q. )@ Accomp.0sh the -o..ow0,g co,2e+s0o,s : 709 N0t+obe,Ge,e to be,Go0c *c0/ A,s. 7009 %e,G1. Ch.o+0/e to 3Ephe,1.eth*,*m0,e NH2 (i) N O 2 >a>O/ 6 HCl (i) ,eMHCl /I3 5 /IH N 22222 22222 O O (ii) >aOH =ia"oti"ation *niline $en"onitrile H36O 22222 Hydrolysis
COOH O
N + N C l O
CuC>MHC> 22222 $en"ene =ia"anium Chloride
CN O
$en"oic acid (ii)

C H 2C l2 O
C H 2C N
2 1 C H 2C H 2N H
NC> (a4) 22222 5 NCl
Oa*lH< 22222 7edue ?henyl ethanenitrite
$en"yl Chloride phenylethanamine
/-
Q. )B 4h1 *+e *.0ph*t0c *m0,es mo+e b*s0c th*, *+om*t0c *m0,es ; A,s. %n *romatic amines8 due to resonance8 >-atom ac4uries 6ve charge and lone pair of >-atom is less available.
+ NH + NH + NH
NH
NH
%n aliphatic amines8 due to e5 releasing nature of alkyl groups lone pair of e 5 on >atom is more available. .ore basic. Q. )C. How c*, 1ou /0st0,gu0sh betwee, )H *,/ 3H *m0,e ; A,s. (i) Carbylamine test & 7 2 >H/ 6 CHCl3 6 3 NOH 222 7 2 >C 6 3 NCl 6 H/O (pungent smelling) /P amines do not give this test. (ii) *ryl sulphonyl chloride test &
| H
Q. 3D. EAp.*0, the o+/e+ o- b*s0c0t1 o- the -o..ow0,g compou,/s 0, 709 '*seous ph*se *,/ 7009 0,*Iueous so.,. : 7CH:9:N# 7CH:93NH# CH:NH3# NH:
A,s.
=ue to 6 % effect of alkyl gps8 the electron density on the >-atom of :P8 /P and 3P amines is higher than that on the >-atom in >H 3. Therefore8 all amines are more basic than >H3. (i) %n gaseous phase8 solvation effects are absent and hence the relative basicity of amines depends only on 6 % effect of the alkyl gps. >ow since 6 % effect increases in going from :P to /P to 3P amine8 so the basicity of amines decreases in the order &
3P amine Q /P amine Q :P amine (CH3)3> Q (CH3)/>H Q CH3>H/ Q >H3 (ii) %n a4. soln8 the basicity depends upon two factors & (a) (b) 6 % effect of CH3 gp and -olvation effect.
-tabili"ation of the con3ugate acid (formed addition of a proton to amine) by H-bonding e#plained above on the basis of 6 % effect8 the order will be & (CH3)3> Q (CH3)/>H Q CH3>H/ On the basis of -tabilisation of con3ugate acids by H-bonding alone as e#plained below &
The order will be &

CH3>H/ Q (CH3)/>H Q (CH3)3> The combined effect of these two opposing factors is that (CH 3)/ >H is the strongest base. %n case of CH3>H/ and (CH3)3 >H8 the stability due to H-bonding predeminates over stability due to 6 % effect of CH 3 gp8 thereby making CH3>H/ stronger than (CH3)3 >H. -o the overall order in a4. soln will be & (CH3)/ >H Q CH3>H/ Q (CH3)3> Q >H3 B/: Comme,t o, the -o..ow0,ga. Hoffmann+s bromamide reaction. b. Carbylamine reaction c. =ia"oti"ation reaction (>C'7T T'RT $OON)
B//. 4+0te the chem0c*. +e*ct0o,s a. Hinsberg+s test for all amines. b. Test to distinguish aliphatic amines C aromatic amines. B/3 *n aromatic compound * on treatment with a4ueous ammonia and heating form compound $ which o heating with $r /and NOH form a compound C of molecular formula CJHI>. Frite the structure and %S?*C name of compound *8$8C (>C'7T T'RT $OON) B /<Frite short notes on (:)!abriel phthalimide synthesis (/)H.V. reaction (3)*ldol condensation (<)canni"aro reaction B /1Fhich acid of each pair is stonger (a)CH3COOH Or CH/,COO (b) CH/,CH/CH/COOH Or CH3CH,CH/COOH (,O7 answer see in te#t of ncert aldehyde ketone carbo#ylic acid
================================================================= JA4AHA! NA5ODA"A 5ID"ALA"A DANTI4ADA 7'UJ!AT9 :CLASS TEST: D</D)/)3
================================================================= SELECTED QUESTIONS OF CHA TE! :HALOAL$ANE AND
HALOA!ENE#ALCOHOL# HENOL AND ETHE! ================================================================= Q. ). 4+0te the mech*,0sm o- h1/+*t0o, o- ethe,e to 10e./ eth*,o.. A,s. H/O 6 H6 222 H3O6 Step (i) & 2 ?rotonation of alkene to form carbocation by electrophilic attack &
H C = C + H O
+
H H C C
+
+ H 2O
Step (ii) & 2 >ucleophilic attack of water on carbocation &
H C C+ + H 2O
H C C O H
+
Step (iii) & 2 =eprotonation to form an alcohol &
H C C O H
+
H H + H 2O
OH + H 3O
+
C C
Q. 3. A.coho.s *cts *s we*8 b*ses. EAp.*0,. A,s. The o#ygen atom of the hydro#yl group has two lone pairs of electrons. Therefore alcohols accept a proton from strong mineral acid to form o#onium ions. Hence act as weak bases.
B3. *n Organic compound G*+ having molecular formula C<HH on treatment with dil H/-O< gives G$+ 5 G$+ on treatment with ione Hcl and anhydrous ncl/ gives GC+ and on treatment with sodium etho#ide gives back G*+ . %dentify the compound G*+ 8 G$+ and GC+ and write e4uation involved. *ns& * CH3 T C U CH/ E CH3 $ CH3 T C(OH) T CH3 E CH3 CH3 T C(Cl) T CH3 E CH3
B.<. '#plain why& (a) H/-O< cannot be used along with N% in the conversion of an alcohol to an alkyl halide. (b) *lkyl halide though polar are immiscible with water.
*ns& (a) (b) H/-O< converts N% to corresponding H% and then o#idise it into iodine. Fhen halo alkane interacts with water molecule 8 less amount of energy is released which is not sufficient to break the original Hbond between water molecule and to form new H-bond with halo alkane and water.
B.1.Fhich one of the following has the highest dipole moment8 and whyD (a) CH/Cl/ (b) CHCl3 ( c) CCl< *ns&- CH/Cl/ has the highest dipole moment since both the Cl- atoms are present on one side (on the head) of c 5 atom and therefore cause a ma#imum dipole moment. %n CHCl3 and CCl<8 two Cl 5 atoms and four Cl 5 atoms cancel out their dipole moments. B.J. Fhat happens when a) .ethyl Chloride is treated with NC> b) Chloro$en"ene is sub3ected to hydrolysis c) ?ropene is treated with Cl/ in the presence of S.V. light O7 is heated. d) Chloroben"ene is treated with acetyl chloride in presence e) of anhyd. *lCl3 f) Chloroform is slowly o#idi"ed by air in presence of light. *ns&a) CH3 5 Cl 6 NC> CH3 5 C> 6 Ncl .ethyl cyanide b) Cl 6 HOH H6 ?henol ( c) CH3 5 CH U CH/ 6 Cl/ S.V. Oight or CH/ 5 CHU CH/ 6 HCO Heat Cl *llyl Chloride O Cl Cl OH 6 HCO
(d) Cl 6 CH3-C-Cl *lCl3 COCH3 *ir (e) CHCl3 6
: /
anhyd.
COCH3 6
O/
COCl/ 6 HCl
B.I. *rrange the compounds in increasing order of their boiling pts. (a) CH3CH/CH/CH/$r8 CH3CH/CH$rCH3 8 (CH3)3C $r (b) CH3$r8 CH/$r/8 CH$r3 *ns& (a) (CH3)3C-$r0 CH3CH/CH$rCH30 CH3CH/CH/CH/$r $oiling point increases. $oiling point decreasing on increasing the branching
(b)
CH3$r0 CH/$r/0 CH$r3
$oiling point increases $oiling point increases due increasing molecular mass. Q.B. Frite down the %S?*C name of the following organic compounds& (a) CH3CHCl/ (b) CH3CH/CH/CH(C(CH3)3)CH(%)CH/CH3 (c) H1C/ Cl A,s: E (a) :8:- =ichloroethane (b) 3-%odo 5 < 5 (:8: 5 dimethyl ethyl ) heptane (c) :- Chloro 5 < 5 ethyl cyclo he#ane B.9. Frite down the structures of the following organic compounds (a) :- $romo 5 < 5 sec. butyl 5 / 5 methyl ben"ene (b) / 5 Chloro 5 3 5 methyl pentane (c ) Vinyl chloride 7*9 C/H1 CH $r
A,s:E
CH3 CH3 (b) CH3CH/CH(CH3)CH(Cl)CH3 ( c) CH/U CHCl B.:;. How can the following interconversions are carried out (a) 'thanol to but-:-yne (b) $en"ene to <-bromo nitro ben"ene ( c) Toluene to ben"yl alcohol *ns&Conc. H/-O< :. $r/ a) CH3CH/OH CH/UCH/ ; :J;-:I; C /.*lc.NOH C/H1Cl CH3CH/CU CH C>a >O/ b) Conc.H>O3 $r/M CCl< $r CH3 c) S.V.Oight CH/Cl >O/ CHU CHU CH
>a>H/
B::. '#plain the following . (a) *llyl chloride is hydrolysed more readily than n-propyl chloride. (b) Vinyl chloride is hyolrolysed more slowly than ethyl chloride *ns&- (a) *llyl chloride readily undergoes ioni"ation tpo produce sesonance stabili"ed allye
carbocation. -cience carbocation are rective species8 therefore allyle cotion reading combines with OH ions to form allyl alcohol. %n contrast n-propyl chloride does not undergo ioni"ation to produce n- propyl chloride. a. Vinyl chloride get reacting stabili"ation Carbon-chlorine bond ac4uires some double bond character. %n contrast in ethyl chloride8 the carbon-chlorine bond is a pure single bond. This Vinyl chloride under goes hydrolysis more slowly than ethyl chloride.
B:/Fhat happened when (:)propene is treated with H$r in the presence of pero#ide. (/)methyl chloride is treated with NC>. (*>- -'' >C'7T T'RT $OON) B :3'#plain why !rignard reagent should be prepare under anhydrous condictionD >cert te#t book
B:<.?redict the order of reactivity of the following compound in -> : and ->/ reaction. (a) The four isomeric bromobutone (b) CJH1CH/$r8 CJH1CH(CJH1)$r8 CJH1CH(CH3)$r8 CJH1C(CH3)CJH1$r *ns&- CH3CH/CH/CH/$r0(CH3)/CH CH/$r0CH3 CH/ CH($r)CH30(CH3)3C-$r 7eactivity towards ->: 7eaction CH3CH/CH/CH/$rQ(CH3)/CH CH/$rQCH3 CH/ CH($r)CH3Q(CH3)3C-$r 7eactivity towards ->/ 7eaction (b) 7eactivity towards ->: 7eaction CJH1C(CH3)(CJH1)$rQCJH1(CH(CJH1)$rQCJH1CH(CH3)$rQCJH1CH/$r 7eactivity towards ->/ 7eaction CJH1C(CH3)(CJH1)$r0CJH1(CH(CJH1)$r0CJH1CH(CH3)$r0CJH1CH/$r
B :1%n the following pair of halogen compound which is faster undergoing ->/ 7'*CT%O>
Q. )>. A.coho.s *+e e*s0.1 p+oto,*te/ th*, phe,o.s. Just0-1. A,s. %n phenols lone pair of electrons on the o#ygen atom are delocalised over the ben"ene ring due to resonance and hence are not easily available for protonation. %n contrast in
alcohols8 the lone pairs of electrons on the o#ygen atom are locali"ed due to absence of resonance and hence are easily available for protonation B:I Fhy phenol is acidic compare it with ethanol D *ns& %n phenol dissociation takes place as follows. OH OT 6H6 (?henol) ( ?heno#ideion )
The con3ugate base of phenol ie. ?heno#ide ion is resonance stabili"ed. This is why the negative charge on o#ygen atom is delocali"ed through out the ring. -o8 the o#ygen present in pheno#ide ion has less tendency to form undissociated phenol molecule and e4uilibrium lies towards right direction.
B.:H. !ive the %S?*C name of CH:O K CH K CH:

CH:
A,s:E 3E (ethoA1p+op*,e B.:9. Convert the following & 709 A,0.0,e to he,o. 7009 he,o. to p0c+0c *c0/ B./;. '#plain the following with an e#ample& 709 $o.beFs +e*ct0o, 7009 40..0*mso,Fs ethe+ s1,thes0s B./:. Frite chemical reaction for the preparation of phenol from cume, B.//. =istinguish ?rimary8 -econdary and tertiary alcohols with the help of Oucastest. B./3Frite the e4uation of the following reactions & (i) F+0e/e. C+*-t +e*ct0o, (ii) N0t+*t0o, o- *,0so.e B./<'#plain the following with an e#ample & 709 $o.be +e*ct0o, 7009 !e0me+ T0em*,,Fs +e*ct0o, B. /1Convert the following& (i) he,o. to beGe,e (ii) he,o. to be,GoIu0,o,e B./J'#plain 40..00*mso,Fs synthesis with one e#ample B./I
'#plain why is o+tho E ,0t+o phe,o. more acidic than oE methoA1 phe,o.D (ii) Frite the mechanism of the reaction of H% with methoA1 meth*,e. B./H>ame the reagents used in the following reactions& (i) (ii) 70009 %e,G1. *.coho. and %e,Go0c Ac0/ %ut*,E 3E o,e to %ut*, K 3E o. %+om0,*t0o, o- phe,o. to 3#<#># t+0b+omophe,o. 7teAt boo89 (i)
B/9 Frite mechanism of the reaction of H% with metho#ymethane (te#t book) B 3;Fhat is Ouca reagentsD Te#t book B3:How phenol is obtained from anilineD
OCH OCH 3 3
================================================================= JA4AHA! NA5ODA"A 5ID"ALA"A DANTI4ADA 7'UJ!AT9 :CLASS TEST: D3/D)/)3
================================================================= SELECTED QUESTIONS OF CHA TE! : E%LOC$ ELE(ENTS
================================================================= B:. Fhy >itrogen is a gas whereas ?hosphorous is a solidD *ns& >itrogen molecules have less Vander Faal+s forces of attraction whereas molecular phosphorous has more Vander Faal+s forces of attraction. B/. Complete the following reactions &i) Re,J 6 H/O V --- 6 ---- ( partial hydrolysis) ii) Re,J 6 H/O V --- 6 ---- ( Complete hydrolysis ) iii) Cl/ 6 H/OV --- 6 ---*ns& i) ReO,< 6 H, ii) ReO3 6 H, iii) HOCl 6 HCl B3. *rrange the following in decreasing order &i) >a,8 >a%8 >aCl8>a$r( %onic nature) ii) ?H38 >H38 8*sH38-bH3 ( $asic -trength) iii) H,8H$r8HCl8H% ( *cid -trength) *ns i) >a,Q >aCl Q >a$rQ >a% ii) >H3Q ?H3Q *sH3Q -bH3 iii) H%Q H$rQ HClQ H% B< ,ind hybridi"ation and shape i) Re,/ ii) ReO3 iii) Re,< *ns& i) sp3d8 Oinear ii) sp38 ?yramidal iii) sp3d/8 -4uare planar B1 !ive reasons i) H/O is a li4uid but H/- a gas. ii) *mmonia has higher boiling point than phosphine ii) Nrypton C #enon make compounds. *ns& i) Hydrogen bond is found in H/O but not in H/-. ii) Hydrogen bond is found in >H3 but not in ?H3. iii) $ecause they have low ioni"ation energy. BJ Frite down the chemical reactions that take place in the manufacture of sulphuric acid by contact+s process.
*ns& i) - 6 O/ V -O/ V/O1
ii) -O/ 6 O/ -O3 iii) -O3 6 H/-O< V H/-/OI iv) H/-/OI 6 H/O V /H/-O< B.I. Fhich forms of -ulphur show paramagnetic behaviour D *ns & %n Vapour -tate sulphur?artly e#ists as -/ molecule which has two unpaired electrons in the W Orbitals hence e#hibit paramagnetic B.H. Fhy does O3 act as powerful O#idising agent D *ns& =ue to ease with Fhich it liberates atoms of nascent o#ygen (O3 O/ 6;) /?bs (-) 6 <O3 (g) ?b-O<(-) 6 <O/ (g) B.9. How is the presence of -O/ detected D *ns & :. %t has pungent characteristic smell . /. %t decolourises N.n O< solution 3. %t turns acidified N/ Cr/ OI green B.:;. *re all the five bonds in ?Cl1 molecule e4uivalent D *ns 5 ?Cl1 has a trigonal bipyramidal structure and the three e4uatorial p-cl bonds are e4uivalent . while trhe two a#ial bonds are different and longer than e4uatorial bonds B.:: Fhy is helium used in diving apparatus D *ns& $ecause heliun is very low solubility in blood B.:/ !ive reason for bleaching action of Cl/ *ns =ue to o#idation Cl/6H/O /HCl6 O Coloured substance 6O colourless substance B.:3 Fhy H3 ?O3 is dibasic and H3?O< is tribasic D *ns %n H3?O3 only two replacable hydrogen but inH3?O< 8 three hydrogens are replacable
Q)< A++*,ge the -o..ow0,g *s me,t0o,e/:

:. /. 3. <. 1. J. I. H. .-,8 .-Cl8 .-$r8 .-%. ,/8 Cl/8 $r/8 %/. H/O8 H/-8 H/-e8 H/Te. >H38 ?H38 *sH38 -bH3. H%8 H$r8 HCl8 H,. (=ecreasing order of ionic nature) (%ncreasing order of bond energy) (=ecreasing order of boiling points) (%ncreasing order of basic nature) (%ncreasing order of thermal stability)
H%8 H$r8 HCl8 H,. (%ncreasing order of reducing power) HOCl8 HOClO8 HOClO/8 HOClO3. (%ncreasing order of acid strength) H/O8 H/-8 H/-e8 H/Te. (%ncreasing order of acid strength)
B:1 HClO<8 H$rO<8 H%O<. (=ecreasing order of acid strength :. '#plain the process and necessary conditions involved in the preparation of >H38 H/-O< or H>O3. /. 3. Fhat are interhalogen compoundsD How are they classifiedD Fhy do noble gases have comparatively larger atomic si"eD !ive the reasons which prompted $artlett to prepare first noble gas compound.
Q)> Comp.ete the -o..ow0,g +e*ct0o,s:E

:. /. 3. <. 1. J. Re,/ 6 H/O Re,/ 6?,1 Re,< 6H/O Re,J 6H/O Re,< 6-b,1 %/6H/O6Cl/
B:I
:. /. 3. <. 1. J. I. Ca,/6H/-O< >aOH 6Cl/ ,/ 6 H/O ?Cl3 6 H/O ?Cl1 6 H/O C 6 H/-O< C*7OC.9C.LHC.
-'O'CT'= BS'-T%O>- O, & (:) ?OOX.'7Q. 1 Define the term polymerisation? ol. Polymerisation is a process of formation of a high molecular mass polymer from one or more monomers by lin!ing together of repeating structural unit with co"alent bond. Q. # $n which classes% the polymer are classified on the basis of molecular forces? ol. On the basis of molecular forces present between the chain of "arious polymers% the classification of polymer is gi"en as follows%
&1' Elastomers &#' (ibres &)' *hermoplastics &+' *hermosetting plastics Q. ) How you can differentiate between addition and condensation polymerisation? ol. $n addition polymerisation% the molecule of same or different monomers add together to form a large polymers molecule. ,ondensation polymerisation is process in which two or more bifunctional molecules undergo a series of condensation reactions with the elimination of some simple molecule and leading the formation of polymers. Q.+ -rite the free radical mechanism for polymerisation of an al!ene? ol. *he mode of free radical polymerisation consist of three steps . &i' ,hain initiation step O O O || || || ,/H0 1,1O11O1,1,/H0 2222222222 #,/H0 1,13 | . #,/H0
Phenyl radical
. . ,/H0 4 ,H# 5 ,H# 2222 ,/H0 1,H# 1,H# &ii' ,hain propagating step . . ,/H0 1 ,H# 1 ,H# 4 ,H# 5 ,H# | . ,/H0 1 ,H# 1 ,H# 1 ,H# 1 ,H# | ,H# 5 ,H# | | . ,/H0 1 &2,H#,H#2' 1 ,H#,H# &iii' ,hain terminating step . . . ,/H01&2,H#1,H#2'1 ,H#1,H# 4 ,/H0 | ,/H01&2,H#1,H#2'1,H#1,H#1,H#1,H#1&2,H#1,H#2'1,/H0
Polythene
Q.0 Define the thermoplastics and thermosetting polymers with two e6ample of each.
ol. 7 thermoplastic polymers can be repeatedaly soft ended o heating and hareden on cooling hence it can be use again and again. *he e6ample are polythene and polypropylene etc. 7 thermosetting polymers is a permanent setting polymer as it get harden and set during molding process and can not be soften again. *he e6ample are ba!erlight and melamine 1 formaldehyde polymers. Q. / -rite structures of monomers used for getting the following polymers? &7' P8, &9' *eflon &,' P::7 ol. &7' P8, . $s stands for poly"inyl chloride. :onomers used . 8inyl chloride structure of monomer is ,H# 5 ,H 1 ,l &9' *eflon . $t is also called polyteraflouro ethylene% P*(E. :onomers used . *eraflouro ethylene ,(# 5 ,(# &,' P::7 . $ts stands for polumethylmethacrylate. $t is also !nown as ;Ple6i glass<. :onomers used . :etyl meth acrylate% ,H # 5 , 1 ,OO,H) | ,H) Q. = -rite the name and structure of one of the common initiators used in free radical addition polymerisation. ol. 7 commonly used reagent used for initiating of free radical change reaction is tertiary butylparo6ide &,H)') ,O 1 O, &,H)') it is decomposes under mild condition to form two turtbuto6ide radical. &,H)'),1O11O1,&,H)')
tert. butylpero6ide
|
heat% light etc )=> 1 +#> ? split up
#&,H)') , 13&let it represent it by ' Q. @ -rite the name and structures of the monomers of the following polymers? &1' 9una 1 &#' 9una 1 A &)' Dacron &+' Aeoprene ol. *he names and the structures of monomers are
Name &i' 9una 1
Monomeric unit 1% ) 1 9utadiene styrene
Structure of monomer ,H# 5 ,H 1 ,H 5 ,H# ,/H0,H 5 ,H#
&ii' 9una 1 A &iii' Aeoprene 1% ) 1 9utadiene acrylonitrile ,hloroprene ,H# 5 ,H 1 ,H 5 ,H# ,H# 5 ,H 1 ,A ,l | ,H# 5 , 1 ,H 5 ,H# OH,H# 1 ,H#OH
&i"' Dacron
Ethylene glycol *erephthalic acid
,HE:$ *BC $A E8EBC D7C D$(E 555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555 Q.1 Dist two maEor classes of antibiotics with an e6ample of each class? ol. ee the A,EB* te6t boo!. Q.# -hat are antacid? Dist some of the compound which are used as antacids? ol. ee the A,EB* te6t boo!. Q.) Define the term chemotherapy. ol. ee the A,EB* te6t boo!. Q.+ -hat is mean by the term ;broad spectrum antibiotics< ? ol. *he total range of microorganism which can be !illed by a particular antibiotic is refered to its spectrum. 7ntibiotics which are effecti"e agains se"eral different type of harmful microorganism and thus capable of curing se"eral infections are called broad spectrum antibiotic. ,hloranphenical is such type of antibiotic. Q.0 -hy are cimetidine and ranitidine better antacid than sodium bicarbonate or magnesium or aluminium hydro6ide? ol. O"er production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach cause acidity. o% sodium bicarbonate or magnesium or aluminium hudro6ide are used as treatment of acidity. Howe"er e6cessi"e bicarbonate can ma!e the stomach al!aline and trigger the production of e"en more acid. 9ut the drugs cimetidine and rentidine wor! in different way. *hey pre"ent the interaction of histamine with the receptor present in the stomach wall and this results in release a lesser amount of acid. Q./ Aame the substance which can be used as an antiseptics as well as disinfectant. ol. Phenol can be used as antisepics as well as disinfectant. >.# F solution of phenol is used as an antiseptic and 1 F solution of phenol is disinfectant. Q.= -hat are main constituents of dettol? ol. ,hloro6ylenol and terpineol are the main constituent of dettol.
Q.@ -hat is tincture of iodine? -hat its used? ol. 7 #2) F of solution of iodine in alcohol water mi6ture is called tincture of iodine. $t is used as an antiseptic. Q. G -hat are food preser"ati"e? ol. ,hemical substance which when added to food material inhibit the growth of microorganism and thus pre"ent the spoilage of food are !nown as food preser"ati"e for e6ample sodium benHoate. Q.1> -hy is use of aspartame limited to cold food and drin!s? ol. 7spartame is unstable to heat and therefore it can be used as sugar substitute in cold drin!s and cold food only. Q.11 what are artificial sweetening agents? Ii"e two e6amples? ol. ubstance which are used as sweetening agents in place of sugar but ha"e no nutriti"e "alue are called artificial sweetening agent. accharine and aspartame are e6ample of artificial sweetening agent. Q.1# E6plain the following term with suitable e6ample? &7' ,ationic detergents &9' 7nionic detergent &,' Aeutral detergent ol. ee the A,EB* te6t boo!. Q.1# -hat are biodegradable and non2 biodegradable detergents? Ii"e one e6ample of each? ol. *he detergents which are decomposed by microorganisms li!e bacteria are called biodegradable and detergents are not decomposed by microorganism are called non2biodegradable detergents containing unbranched hydrocarbon chain are biodegradable while the deterents containing branched hydrocarbon chain are non2 biodegradable. (or e6ample n2lauryl sulphonate is biodegradable. On the other hand% a detergent such as shown below is non2biodegradable. Q.1# Ii"e structural formula of aspirin% what is its chemical name? Q.1) Ii"e the name one broad spectrum antibiotic? Q.1+ -hat type of drug is chloramphenicol? Q.10 Define the following and gi"e one e6ample of each . &i' 7ntipyretics &ii' 7ntibiotics Q.1/ 7ccount of the following . &7' 7spirin drug helps in the pre"ention of heart attac!.
&9' Diabetic patients are ad"ise to ta!e artificial sweeteners instead of natural sweeteners.
CH'.%C*O N%>'T%CQ. ). Out o- O<:K## SO<3K## C.K## wh0ch w0. *ct *s the best co*gu.*t0,g *ge,t -o+ -o+ Fe 7OH9: ; A,s. ?O<35.
Q. 3. A++*,ge the -o..ow0,g 0, co++ect o+/e+ o- the0+ co*gu.*t0,g powe+ : N*L# A.:L# %*3L A,s. >a6 0 $a/6 0 *l36
Q. :. 4h0ch t1pe o- ch*+ge/ p*+t0c.es *+e */so+be/ o, the su+-*ce o- As 3S: /u+0,g 0ts p+ep*+*t0o, ; As3O: L : H3S ?? As3S: L : HOH A,s. -/5.
Q. <. Out o- CO *,/ NH: wh0ch 0s */so+be/ o, *ct02*te/ ch*+co*. to * .*+ge eAte,t *,/ wh1 ; A,s. *mmoniaY because more easily li4uefiable gas undergoes adsorption to a greater e#tent. Q. =. Out o- N*C.# (gSO<# A.3 7SO<9:# $<MFe7CN9>N# wh0ch o,e w0.. b+0,g *bout the co*gu.*t0o, o- * go./ so. Iu0c8est *,/ 0, the .e*st o- co,ce,t+*t0o, ; A,s. *l/ (-O<)3.
Q. >. 4h*t 0s the pu+pose o- *//0,g ge.*t0, to 0ce c+e*m ; A,s.

Q@ A,s.:
%ce cream is a colloid. !elatin imparts stability to it because gelatin is a protective colloid.
'#plain the following terms & (i) 'lectrophoresis8 (ii) Coagulation8 (iii) =ialysis (iV) Tyndal 'ffect (i) 'lectrophoresis &- The immigration of colloidal solute towards oppositely charged electrode under an electric potential is called 'lectrophoresis. (ii) Coagulation &The process of settling down of colloidal partcles is known as coagulation. (iii) =ialysis &- %t is a process of removing dissolved impurities from colloidal solution by means of diffusion through a suitable membrane. (iv) Tyndal effect &The scattering of light in colloidal solution by colloidal solute is known as Tyndal effect. Comment on the statement that K colloid is not a substance but state of a substanceL . * substance shows different physical properties in different medium. %t may e#ist as colloid or crystalloids under certain conditions. 'g. >aCl in water behaves like crystalloid while in ben"ene behaves like colloid. -imilarly dilute soap solution behaves like crystalloid whereas concentrated soap solution like colloids. %t is the si"e of particles which matters i.e. the state in which the substances e#ists. %f the si"e of the particles lies in the range : to :;;; no.8 it is in colloidal state. Fhy it is necessary to remove CO when ammonia is obtained by Haber+s processD $ecause CO acts as poison for the catalyst in the manufacture of >H 3 by Haber+s process. Fhat is observed (i) Fhen a beam of light is pressed through a colloidal sol (ii) *n electrolyte8 >aCl is added to hydrated ferric o#ide sol. (iii) 'lectric current is passed through colloidal sol. (i) Tyndal 'ffect (ii) Coagulation (iii) 'lectrophoresis Fhat do you mean by activity and selectivity of catalysisD *ctivity of catalyst means to increase the e#tent of chemisorption. -electivity of Catalyst means to direct a reaction to form selective product.
QB. A,s.
QC. A,s.& )D.
A,s.&
Q)). A,s.
Q)3 A,s.& Q): A,s.&
Fhat is -.-1D Fhat is its formulaD -.-1 is a "eoliHte seine of molecular porosity1. %ts formula is H#@(*lO/)#(-iO/)9J-# A . :JH/O Fhy adsorption is always e#othermicD %n *dsorption8 change of entropy Z- is 5ve i.e. non favourable condition for e#othermic change where as change of enthalpy ZH is 5ve i.e. favourable condition for e#othermic change. Overall Z! becomes 5ve in adsorptionY therefore adsorption is always e#othermic.
:<Frite brief notes on (a) $rownian .ovement and (b) 'lectrophoresis. B :1. :. /. 3. <. -tate Hardy--chul"e 7ule. Fhat is its applicationD How can be Oyophobic colloids preparedD !ive two e#amples for preparation of colloids by chemical methods. Fhat are the characteristics of 'n"yme catalysisD Frite three differences between Oyophilic and Oyophobic colloids.
Q-1. State Raoults law for a b !ar" solut o! #o!ta ! !$ %olat le #o&'o!e!ts. Q-2. ()at s e*'e#te+ %alue of %a!t Hoff fa#tor for ,3 -.e/CN01] ! + lute solut o!2 Q-3. Of 3.1 &olal solut o!s of $lu#ose a!+ so+ u& #)lor +e res'e#t %el"4 w) #) o!e w ll )a%e a ) $)er bo l !$ 'o !t a!+ ()"2 Q-5. State t)e #o!+ t o! result !$ ! re%erse os&os s. Q-5. ()" s t)e ele%at o! ! b.'. of water + ffere!t ! t)e follow !$ solut o!s2 3.1 &olar NaCl solut o!. / 0 3.1 &olar su$ar solut o!. Q-1. 6ef !e He!r"s law about solub l t" of a $as ! a l 7u +. Q-8. ()at are a9eotro'es2 : %e a! e*a&'le. Q-;. ()at )a''e!s w)e! bloo+ #ells are 'la#e+ ! 'ure water2 Q-<. ()" +oes &olal t" of a solut o! re&a ! u!#)a!$e+ w t) #)a!$e ! te&'erature w) le ts &olar t" #)a!$es2 Q-<. ()" s a! !#rease ! te&'erature obser%e+ o! & * !$ #)lorofor& w t) a#eto!e2 Q-13.()at are )"'erto! # a!+ )"'oto! # solut o!s2
SOLUTION
Q-11.()" s os&ot # 'ressure of 1 = ,Cl s ) $)er t)a! t)at of 1 = urea solut o!s2 Q-12.()at s re%erse os&os s2 : %e ts use. Q-13.6ef !e #oll $at %e 'ro'ert". Q-15.6raw a su table + a$ra& to e*'ress t)e relat o!s) ' for +eal solut o!s of > a!+ ? betwee! %a'our 'ressures a!+ &ole fra#t o!s of #o&'o!e!ts at #o!sta!t te&'erature. Q-15.@)e %a'our 'ressure of 'ure A 7u +s > a!+ ? are 83&& H$ a!+ <3 && H$ res'e#t %el" at 253 C. @)e &ole fra#t o! of B> ! a solut o! of t)e two s 3.3. >ssu& !$ t)at > a!+ ? for& a! +eal solut o!4 #al#ulate t)e 'art al 'ressure !of ea#) #o&'o!e!t ! e7u l br u& w t) t)e solut o!. Q-11.@)e free9 !$ 'o !t of a solut o! #o&'ose+ of 5.;5 $ of NaCl ! 133$ of water s- 3.35;3C Cal#ulate t)e %a!t Hoff fa#tor i for t) s solut o!4 ,f /water0 = 1.;1 , C$ &ol-1. Q-18.Df N2 $as s bubble+ t)rou$) water at 2<3,4 )ow &a!" & ll &oles of N2 $as woul+ + ssol%e ! 1 l tre of water 2 >ssu&e t)at N2 e*erts a 'art al 'ressure of 3.<;8 bar. : %e! t)at He!r"s law #o!sta!t for N2 at 2<3, s 81.5; Cbar. Q1;. ?e!9e!e a!+ !a')t)ale!e for& +eal solut o! o%er t)e e!t re ra!$e of #o&'os t o!. @)e %a'oour 'ressure of 'ure be!9e!e a!+ !a')t)ale!e at 333 , are 53.81 && H$ a!+ 32.31 && H$ res'e#t %el". Cal#ulate t)e &ole fra#t o! of be!9e!e ! %a'our ')ase f ;3 $ of be!9e!e s & *e+ w t) 133$ of !a')t)ale!e. Q-1<.@)e &olal free9 !$ 'o !t +e'ress o! #o!sta!t of be!9e!e /C1H10 s 5.<3 , C$ &ol-1. Sele! u& e* sts as a 'ol"&er of t)e t"'e Se*. ()e! 3.21$ of sele! u& s + ssol%e+ ! 221 $ of be!9e!e4 t)e obser%e+ free9 !$ 'o !t s 3.1123C lower t)a! for 'ure be!9e!e. 6e+u#e t)e &ole#ular for&ula of sele! u&. />to& # &ass of Se = 8;.; $ &ol-10 Q-23.>! a!t -free9e solut o! s 're'are+ fro& 222.1 $ of et)"le!e $l"#ol /C2H1O204 a!+ 233$ of water. Cal#ulate t)e &olal t" of t)e solut o!. Df t)e +e!s t" of t)e solut o! s 1.382 $ &l-1 t)e! w)at s)all be t)e &olar t" of t)e solut o! 2
:. ELECT!OCHE(IST!"
Q-1. State ,o)lraus#)s law for ele#tr #al #o!+u#ta!#e of a! ele#trol"te at !f ! te
+ lut o!. Q-2. How &a!" fara+a"s of ele#tr # t" are re7u re+ to l berate 2 &oles of )"+ro$e! $as ! ele#trol"s s of a solut o!2 Q-. ()at s t)e effe#t of a! !#rease ! #o!#e!trat o! of 9 !# o!s o! t)e ele#tro+e 'ote!t al of 9 !# ele#tro+e for w) #) E3 9!2+FG! e7uals 3.81H 2 Q-. (r te a! e*'ress o! to relate t)e &olar #o!+u#t % t" of ele#trol"te ! ter&s of +e$ree of + sso# at o!. Q-. Rust !$ of ro! s 7u #Cer ! sal !e water t)a! ! or+ !ar" water. ()" s t so2 Q-. ()at are se#o!+ar" #ells2 Q. How &a!" .ara+a"s of #)ar$e are re7u re+ to #o!%ertI D &ole of =!O5- to =!2+ o!4 D &ole of Cr2O82- to Cr3+ 2 Q-. (r te t)e #ell rea#t o!s w) #) o##ur ! lea+ stora$e batter" / 0J w)e! t)e batter" s ! use a!+ / 0 w)e! t)e batter" s o! #)ar$ !$. Q-. How +oes &olar #o!+u#t % t" %ar" w t) #o!#e!trat o! for / 0 weaC ele#trol"te a!+ for / 0 Stro!$ ele#trol"te2 : %e reaso!s for t)ese %ar at o!s. Q-. ()at s fuel #ell2 (r te #at)o+ # K a!o+ # rea#t o!s of H2-O2 fuel #ell. Q-. Cal#ulate t)e E.=... of follow !$ #ell at 2<; ,I .e/s0 D .e 2+ /3.1=0 DD >$+ /3.1=0 D >$/s0 : %e! I Eo .e 2+ F.e =- 3.55 H4 Eo >$ + F>$ =- 3.;3 H4 R = ;.31 L,-1 &ol-14 1. = <1533 C &ol-1 Q-. > solut o! of N /NO302 s ele#trol"se+ betwee! 'lat !u& ele#tro+es us !$ a #urre!t of 5.3 a&'eres for 23 & !utes4 ()at &ass of N s +e'os te+ at t)e #at)o+e2 ->t. (t of N = 5;.< u] Q-. ()e! a #erta ! #o!+u#t % t" #ell was f lle+ w t) 3.1 = ,CD4 t )as a
res sta!#e of ;5 o)& at 253 C. ()e! t)e sa&e #ell was f lle+ w t) a! a7ueous solut o! of 3.352 = u!C!ow! ele#trol"te t)e res sta!#e was <1 o)&. Cal#ulate t)e &olar #o!+u#t % t" of t)e u!C!ow! ele#trol"te at t) s #o!#e!trat o! /S'e# f # #o!+u#t % t" of 3.1 = ,CD= 1.2< * 13-2 o)&-1#&-1
Q-.
@)e res sta!#e of a #o!+u#t % t" #ell #o!ta ! !$ 3.331 = ,Cl solut o! at 2<;, s 1533 o)&. ()at s t)e #ell
#o!sta!t f #o!+u#t % t" of 3.331 = ,Cl solut o! at 2<; , s 3.151 M 13-3 S #& -12 Q-1. E*'ress t)e rate of t)e follow !$ rea#t o! ! ter&s of + sa''eara!#e of )"+ro$e! ! t)e rea#t o! I 3 H2 /$0 + N2 /$0 N2NH3 /$0 Q-2. .or t)e rea#t o! Cl2/$0 + 2NO /$0 N2NOCl/$0 t)e rate law s e*'resse+ as rate = k - Cl2]-NO]2 w)at s t)e o%erall or+er of t) s rea#t o!2 Q-3. 6ef !e Gero or+er rea#t o! w t) o!e e*a&'le. Q-5. @)e rate of rea#t o! M NO be#o&es ; t &es w)e! t)e #o!#e!trat o! of t)e rea#ta!t M s +ouble+. (r te t)e rate law of t)e rea#t o!. Q-5. 6ef !e a#t %at o! e!er$" of a rea#t o!. Q-1 E*'ress t)e relat o! betwee! t)e )alf-l fe 'er o+ of a rea#ta!t a!+ ts ! t al #o!#e!trat o! for a rea#t o! of ! t) or+er. Q-8. : %e a! e*a&'le of 'seu+o f rst or+er rea#t o!. Q-;. ()at s t)e + ffere!#e betwee! a%era$e rate a!+ !sta!ta!eous rate of a #)e& #al rea#t o!2 Q-<. 6ef !e ele&e!tar" rea#t o! w t) o!e e*a&'le. Q-13. : %e! t)e follow !$ +ata I 6+EN . S.N -6] &ol A-1 -E] &ol A-1 D! t al rate o. &ol A-1)-1 3132333.35 3.35 3.83 1.2; 3.15 3.15 3.332 3.33; 3.11
@. 46A8#4AB C#+AT#4,
()at s t)e or+er w t) res'e#t to B6 2 Q-11. >t 333 , a #erta ! rea#t o! s 53P #o&'lete+ ! 23 & !utes. >t 353 ,4 t)e sa&e rea#t o! s 53P #o&'lete+ ! 5 & !utes. Cal#ulate t)e a#t %at o! e!er$" for t)e rea#t o!. Q-12. @)e follow !$ rate +ata were obta !e+ at 333 , for t)e rea#t o! I 2> + ? N C + 6
E*'t. No. 31323335-1
->] &ol A-1 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.5
-?] &ol A1
Rate of for&at o! of 6 / &ol A-1 & !-10 1.3 M 13-3 8.2 M 13-2 2.;; M 13-1 2.5 M 13-2
3.1 3.2 3.5 3.1
Cal#ulate t)e rate of for&at o! of 64 w)e! ->] = 3.5 &ol A a!+ -?] = 3.2 &ol A-1 Q-13. .or a f rst or+er rea#t o!4 t taCes 5 & !utes for t)e ! t al #o!#e!trat o! of 3.1 &ol A-1 to be#o&e 3.5 &ol A1 . How lo!$ w ll t taCe for t)e ! t al #o!#e!trat o! to be#o&e 3.3 &ol A-12 Q-18. S)ow t)at ! a f rst or+er rea#t o!4 t &e re7u re+ for #o&'let o! of <<.<P s 13 t &es of )alf-l fe /t Q0 of t)e rea#t o!. Q-1;. @)e follow !$ +ata were obta !e+ +ur !$ t)e f rst or+er t)er&al +e#o&'os t o! of SO2 Cl2 at a #o!sta!t %olu&e. SO2 Cl2 /$0 N SO2 /$0 + Cl2 /$0 E*'er &e @ &eFs -1 @otal !t. RressureF at& 3 31133 32Cal#ulate t)e rate of t)e rea#t o! w)e! total 'ressure s 3.15 at&. Q-1<. .ollow !$ rea#t o! taCes 'la#e ! o!e ste'4 2NO/$0 + O2 /$0 2NO2 /$0 How w ll t)e rate of t)e abo%e rea#t o! #)a!$e f t)e %olu&e of t)e rea#t o! %essel s + & ! s)e+ to o!e-t) r+ of ts or $ !al %olu&e 2 w ll t)ere be a!" #)a!$e ! t)e or+er of t)e rea#t o! w t) t)e re+u#e+ %olu&e2
3.5 3.1
'ENE!AL !INCI LES AND !OCESSES OF ISOLATION OF ELE(ENTS

B-:. >ame the process in which a particular mineral is dissolved selectively by using acids8 bases or other regents. B-/. Fhat is the role of depressant in froth floatation processD B-3. Out of C and CO8 which is a better reducing agent at JI3 ND B-<. Fhat is meant by the term KchromatographyL D B-1. Fhat is the role of graphite rod in the electrometallurgy of aluminiumD B-J. '#plain the process of "one refining. !ive two e#amples of elements purified by this process. B-I. Fhat is van-*kel method of refining metalsD '#plain by giving an e#ample. B-H. Fhat is electro-refiningD '#plain with the help of e#ample. B-9. Outline the ?rinciple of refining of metals by the following methods & (i) 'lectrolytic refining (ii) one refining (iii) Vapour phase refining B-:;. >ame the processes by which chlorine is obtained as a by-product. Fhat will happen if an a4ueous solution of >aC% is sub3ected to electrolysisD B-::. !ive an account of the e#traction of silver by the cyanide process. =escribe briefly how a pure sample of silver obtained by electro refining. B-:/. !iving e#amples8 differentiate between Groasting+ and Gcalcinations+. B-:3. Fhy is the e#traction of copper from pyrite difficult than that from its o#ide ore through reductionD B-:<. Copper can be e#tracted by hydrometallurgy but not "inc. '#plain. B-:1. >ame the common elements present in the anode mud in electrolytic refining of copper. Fhy are they so presentD B-:JFhat is the use of *OO'>!H*. =%*!7*. B-:I. *lthough thermodynamically feasible8 in practice8 magnesium metal is not used for the reduction of alumina in the metallurgy of aluminum. FhyD
*pe+ Subm0tte/ %1: N*me A,0. sh*+m* Em*0. *,0,sh*+m*D<DBO+e/0--m*0..com ho,e No. DBDDD=BCC3C

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@*g (>H3)/A6 OH5 2222222 Tollen+s reagent

-ilver mirror /-ethyl ben"oate

/-ethyl ben"aldehyde :8 /-ben"ene dicarbo#ylic acid (.. ,. C9H:;O) /8 <-dinitrophenyl hydro"ene

Tollen+s reagent Test $y %odoform Test.

The gi&en reactions can be exp ained by the !o o%ing e:uations-

$en"oic acid (ii)

NC> (a4) 22222 5 NCl

Oa*lH< 22222 7edue ?henyl ethanenitrite

$en"yl Chloride phenylethanamine

The order will be &

================================================================= JA4AHA! NA5ODA"A 5ID"ALA"A DANTI4ADA 7'UJ!AT9 :CLASS TEST: D</D)/)3

================================================================= SELECTED QUESTIONS OF CHA TE! :HALOAL$ANE AND

Step (ii) & 2 >ucleophilic attack of water on carbocation &

Step (iii) & 2 =eprotonation to form an alcohol &

CH3$r0 CH/$r/0 CH$r3

B.:H. !ive the %S?*C name of CH:O K CH K CH:

================================================================= JA4AHA! NA5ODA"A 5ID"ALA"A DANTI4ADA 7'UJ!AT9 :CLASS TEST: D3/D)/)3

================================================================= SELECTED QUESTIONS OF CHA TE! : E%LOC$ ELE(ENTS

Q)< A++*,ge the -o..ow0,g *s me,t0o,e/:

Q)> Comp.ete the -o..ow0,g +e*ct0o,s:E

Name &i' 9una 1

Monomeric unit 1% ) 1 9utadiene styrene

Structure of monomer ,H# 5 ,H 1 ,H 5 ,H# ,/H0,H 5 ,H#

Ethylene glycol *erephthalic acid

Q. >. 4h*t 0s the pu+pose o- *//0,g ge.*t0, to 0ce c+e*m ; A,s.

QC. A,s.& )D.

Q)3 A,s.& Q): A,s.&

->] &ol A-1 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.5

3.1 3.2 3.5 3.1

'ENE!AL !INCI LES AND !OCESSES OF ISOLATION OF ELE(ENTS

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Q)< A++,ge the -o..ow0,g s me,t0o,e/:

Q. >. 4ht 0s the pu+pose o- //0,g ge.t0, to 0ce c+em ; A,s.