HOLOGRAPHY

Chew Guang Wei Ho Seow Yan Lim Su Ru Ong Lip Sin Wee Chong Liang Justin HT093271W HT093116E HT093278B HT093131U HT093290B

MT5009

Content
2

Introduction Evolution of Displays Value Proposition

Holographic System Setup Technology & Cost of Holographic System Limitations of Holographic System

Components of Holographic System Future F t Opportunities O t iti Entrepreneurial Opportunities

Holography g p y
3

Timeline of Holography g p y
4

1960:Pulsed ruby y laser was developed 1962:White light reflection hologram

2010: Development of moving 3D holograms 2009: Interactive holographic g p displays developed 1983:Mastercard first credit g card to use holograms 1947: Dennis Gabor developed the theory of holography

Evolution of Displays p y
5

1940

1964
Plasma Display invented

1972

1980
3D movies enter market

1997

2004
LCD enters market

2010 Next generation: 3D Holographic Display

Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) enters market

Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) invented

Plasma enters market

3D TV enters market

Type
High Definition
http://www.3d dmarkettrends.c com/

Advantages
High resolution High resolution Stereoscopic Life-like Life like images Volumetric 3D display Interactivity

Disadvantages
2D images Narrow viewing angles Require viewing glasses Not true 3D imagery Require large amount of processing Constraint by size of holographic material

3D Display

3D Holographic Display

Value Proposition p
6

1. .

High g Definition: e o :
Images projected are full coloured, high resolution and life-like

2. 3 3. 4 4. 5.

E Ease of f customization: t i ti
Ability to project hologram anywhere

Ease of delivery and transmission:

Real time transmission to multiple locations

Volumetric View:
360 degree view with different perspectives

Interactivity:
Ability to interact directly with image

Holographic g p System y Setup p

7

Satellite Object 3D Hologram Light Source

Transmission Medium

Camera System Computer System

Holographic Media Computer System

Technology gy for Holographic g p System y

8

Key y Sub-System
Light Source

Prototype yp
200mW Diode Pumped Solid Diode-Pumped State (DPSS) Pulsed Laser 17 Photorefractive Polymer 2-second refresh rate 100Mbps

Technology gy expected p by y 2016

500mW Diode Pumped Solid Diode-Pumped State (DPSS) Pulsed Laser At least 42 Advanced Photorefractive Polymer 6 to 24 fps refresh rate Up to 40Gbps Fiber Optics 16-core and beyond

Holographic Media

Transmission Media Computer System

4-core

Projected j Cost of Holographic g p System y

9

42" Holographic System S stem

200,000 150,000
EstimatedCostBreakdown
Computer System Holographic Media LightSource Transmission

Cost ($ $)

100,000 50,000 0 2011 2016

Year

2021

2030

Limitations of Holographic g p System y

10

Laser System

Performance trade off with cost and safety

Microprocessor
Large g amount of processing p g required q Multiple complex algorithms and calculations

Photorefractive Polymer
Size of hologram dependent on size of material Refresh rate

Photorefractive Polymer
11

Fiber Optics

Light g Source: Evolution

12

Mercury arc lamp

(1948)

Solid-state l laser
(1960s)

Semiconductor l laser di diodes d

(1980s)

Dr. Theodore Maiman studies a ruby crystal in the shape of a cube in a laser.

[1]

[1] http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/269607/holography/92904/Pulsed-laser-holography

Laser System: y Performance

13

1)

The lower the laser power power, the longer the exposure time

A second to few minutes for CW lasers vs. nanoseconds for Pulsed lasers

2)

Laser power requirement

i)

Increases with Size of holograms

Typical T i l power l levels: l HeNe H N lasers: l 1 1-20mW, 20 W Di Diode d lasers: l 5-50mW, 5 50 W DPSS lasers: 20-200mW, Ar lasers with etalon: 100-500mW For large holograms, on the order of 10-sq m, laser powers on the order [1] solid-state of f 1-W 1Wi is preferred f d if cost ti is not t an issue i lid t t or Ar A ion i gas lasers as candidates

ii)

Increases with Distance of hologram set-up

Min. power output for laser light shows: ~400mW

h Whi df

[1] http://www.loreti.it/chaptersPDF/Ch11_Non-Laser_Illum.pdf [3] h // i ll i /P d /D /CVIMG H l

Laser System: y Performance vs. Cost

14

3)

Higher laser power systems translate to higher costs (several thousand to tens of thousand dollars) [1]
Laser System Costing
35000 30000 25000
CW Pulsed

Cost ($)

20000 15000 10000 5000 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
* Modulator & optic system costs not included [1]

Power (mW)
[1] Diode pumped SSL Costs: http://www.amazing1.com, 2011

Laser System: y Cost Projection j

15

Generally decreasing trend for the past five years (~15%) Laser prices projected to continue dropping pp g in similar fashion in the next 5 years

Projected j Laser Cost Trend

80,000.00 70,000.00 60,000.00 50,000.00 200 mW 500 mW 1000 mW W 1500 mW

Cost ($)

40,000.00 30,000.00 20 000 00 20,000.00 10,000.00 0.00 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Year
Source: OptoIQ, 2008

Holographic g p Media
16
120%

Comparison in Key Performance Metrics in Holographic Recording [1 2] M t i l [1,2] Materials

30,000

100% 25,000

Recording medium should have

1)

Diffraction Efficiency (%) )

80%

20,000

High diffraction efficiency Wide resolution range g

Resolution Limi it (um)

60%

15,000

2)

40%

10,000

Max.Resolution Resolutionlimit limit[mm [um] Max. 1] Min.Resolution Resolutionlimit limit[mm [um] Min. 1] M efficiency Max. Diff Diffraction i Effi Efficiency i Max.

20%

5,000

0%
Dichromated gelatin Photopolymers P Photographic emulsions (Am mplitude) Photographic emulsions (Phase e, bleached) Photothermoplastics Photochromics P Pho otorefractives Photoresists Elastomers

[1] Lecture Holography and optical phase conjugation held at ETH Zrich by Prof. G. Montemezzani in 2002 [2] Ablation of nanoparticles for holographic recordings in elastomers: http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/la102693m

Holographic g p Media
17 1)

Silver Halide Emulsion

High exposure sensitivity over a wide range of spectral regions High resolving power Suitable for transmission/reflection / holograms g (amplitude ( p and phase p type) yp ) Record multicolour reflection holograms Used for 3D dynamic holograms, enables the 3D telepresence Suitable for special veryi high N No need d for f l glasses l efficiency and low noise holograms Good foruse large-area and dynamically Material for real-time holography updatable holographic recording media Recyclable! l bl Photothermoplastics h h l can also l b be recycled l d several lh hundred d d times and d are most suitable for holographic interferometry Suitable for producing surface relief holograms Most sensitive to ultraviolet/blue light only.

2) 5)

[1] Dichromated Gelatin Material Photorefractive polymer

3)

Refreshes images every 2 seconds; quasi real-time Photorefractive Crystals

4)

Photoresist Material

[1] P.-A. Blanche et al, Holographic three-dimensional telepresence using large-area photorefractive polymer, Nature Volume: 468, Pages: 8083, 04 November 2010, DOI 10.1038/nature09521

Photorefractive Polymer: y Performance

18

1)

Refresh Rate

University of Arizona (UA) took 2 s to write & erase a full-colour dynamic holographic image in 2010 vs. 4 mins in 2008 [1,2] marked improvement of ~100x in 2 years! Quoting UA lead author of the study Blanche, In two years we improved the speed by a factor of 100. If we can improve the speed by the same factor, we will be over video rate. It will be done. [2] Next step: 6 fps (~0.2s); to progress towards a refresh rate of 24-30 fps

2) )

Display p y Size

17 (current largest) Have to scale up the display size to 85 for outdoor billboard advertising & 68 ft (life-size) ( ) for telepresencing p g to be truly yp possible

[1] http://news.inventhelp.com/Articles/Electronics/Inventions/three-dimensional-dynamic-holography-12521.aspx [2] http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2010/11/holographic-video/

Photorefractive Polymer: y Cost Projection j

19

Display Cost Sony's Display Cost based on Size P ro j eDisplay c te d C o s& t o f P h o t o rSony's e fra c t iv e P o l y mper e r Inch based on [1-3] [1-3] c re e n S iTechnology ze Display (as of Dec 2010) Technology (as of Dec 2010) b a s e d o n S260
5000 4500 4000
XEL-1 OLED 3 TV 5000 D y n a m ic p h o t o p o l y m e r ( E x t r a p o 240 l a t e f r o m Z e b r a I m a g in g ) Bravia XBR10 Series LED 3D TV S t a t ic p h o t o p o ly m e r ( Z e b r a I m a g i n g ) 220 Bravia XBR9 Series LCD TV
D y n a m ic p h o t o r e f r a c t i v e p o l y m e r ( P r o je c t e d )

30000 25000

XEL-1 OLED TV Bravia XBR10 Series LED 3D TV Bravia XBR9 Series LCD TV

200

Cost/inch ($/in nch)

180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40

Cost ($)

3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 10 20

Cost ($)

20000 15000 10000 5000 0 30 40 10 20 Display Size (inches)

50

30

60

40

50

10 60

20

70

30

S c r e e n S iz e ( in c h e s )

Display Size (inches)

80

40

50

60

Photorefractive polymer is projected to cost ~4x 4x more than static photopolymer

$1500 for 12x18 & $3500 & 2 ft by 3 ft static 3D holograms by Zebra I Imaging i [4]

[1] Sony XEL-1 OLED TV pricing: http://reviews.cnet.com/oled/sony-xel-1-oled/4505-13948_7-32815284.html [2] Sony Bravia XBR10 Series LED 3D TV pricing: http://www.best-led-tv.net/46%E2%80%B3-sony-bravia-xbr10.html [3] Sony Bravia XBR9 Series LCD TV pricing: http://www.practical-home-theater-guide.com/sony-lcd-tv-1.html [4] Zebra Imaging Print Cost: http://www.3d-display-info.com/zebra-imaging-prints-large-3d-holograms

Transmission Media
20

Transmission rate projected to increase by about tenfold over a decade

Has the potential to go up to 40 or even 160 Gbps

Capable of supporting a very large size hologram (~500)

Current transmission capacity of fibre is in the region of ~ 2.5 to10 Gbps

http://www.telebyteusa.com/foprimer/foch1.htm http://www.rp-photonics.com/optical_fiber_communications.html http://www.belden.com/pdfs/Techpprs/10_Gbps_LAN_Segment_WP.pdf

Capable of supporting a prototype hologram (17)

Transmission Media: Cost Projection

21

Relative cost trends comparing 10 Gbps vs. vs 4Gbps

Transmission cost projected to drop by ~75% in a decade By 2016, 10Gbps is expected to cost ~$225 $225

www.corning.com/docs/opticalfiber/CM00000004.pdf

Microprocessor p

Currently, a processor is capable of supporting up to 42 42 hologram Estimated that 23 processors (16-core) in 2016 will be able to support a large billboard size hologram
Intels E7 Xeon 10-core

Microprocessor: p Cost Projection j

23

Average transistor price expected 10 in to be b 10-10 i 2016

Estimated cost trend for microprocessor

Currently, 6-core processor with 109 transistors costs ~$300 In 2016, 16-core processor with ~ 5*1010 transistors is expected to cost ~$300

http://www.singularity.com/charts/page62.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor_count

FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES

Future Opportunities pp
25

Advertising Gaming Education Training Communication Medical Forensic Science

Richard Branson Hologram Virgin Digital Launch

Entrepreneurial p Opportunities pp
26

Lasers or alternative light sources Optics (e.g. diffusers, filters, diffraction gratings) Software developer p (e.g. algorithms) Photorefractive materials Silicon photonics

Conclusion
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With a trend of moving towards 3D and virtual reality, Holographic System will dominate the display, p y, advertising g and entertainment industries This is largely attributed to: Lowering of cost of key components Advancement in holographic technology Advancement in technologies of key components

THANK YOU (Q&A)