CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION 3 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION COMPONENT DESCRIPTION OPERATION/CONTROL AND HANDLING CONCLUSION 4 5 7 14

INTRODUCTION
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On early air ra!"# "$e "a%& '! (e"e "in) %*'&e an( !ire +a% rea%'na,ly ea%y ,e a-%e "$e .il'" '-l( %ee *'%" area% '! "$e air ra!" !r'* "$e ' &.i"/ H'+e0er# all lar)er an( *'re '*.le1 air ra!" +ere ,-il"# i" ,e a*e nearly i*.'%%i,le !'r "$e re+ "' ',%er0e all .ar"% '! an air ra!"# an( %*'&e an( !ire +ere '!"en n'" (e"e "e( -n"il "$e $a2ar( +a% ,ey'n( 'n"r'l/ T' re%'l0e "$i% .r',le*# *'(ern air ra!" $a0e '0er$ea" an( !ire (e"e "i'n %y%"e* in%"alle( "' .r'0i(e an early +arnin) '! $a2ar(% %' "$e re+ an "a&e a..r'.ria"e a "i'n% "' re(- e 'r eli*ina"e "$e*/ O0er$ea" an( !ire (e"e "i'n %y%"e* are (e%i)ne( +i"$ '*.'nen"% (e0el'.e( !'r %.e i!i "a%&%# %'# '*.are( "' '"$er air ra!" %y%"e*# *ain"enan e re3-ire*en"% !'r !ire (e"e "i'n '*.'nen"% are %'*e+$a" %.e iali2e(/ T' ,e a,le "' &ee. "$e%e %y%"e* '.era"in) .r'.erly# a "e $ni ian *-%" -n(er%"an( "$e ,a%i '.era"in) .rin i.le% an( *ain"enan e .ra "i e% -%e( ,y 0ari'-% !ire (e"e "i'n %y%"e* *an-!a "-re%/

SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
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Fire and Overheat Detection In this aircraft there is a thermo-sensitive loops which detect fire or overheat conditions. They trigger the warning by means of the Fire Detection Unit (FDU) when the temperat re reaches the threshold of the monitored area which covered the engine and the !"U. The engine fire and overheat detection system gets the electrical power from the D# system of the aircraft. For the engine there are two independent loops that installed in each engine nacelle. They are connected in parallel and according to an !$D logic. The p rpose of this logic is to prevent sp rio s FI%& warnings. For the !"U' The detection system monitors the !"U compartment where f el and bleed air systems are possible fire so rces. The detection system also comprises the two independent loops. Their connection also same for the engine' it connected in parallel and according to an !$D logic which is to prevent sp rio s FI%& warnings. The fire detection system that is sed in this aircraft is the electro-pne matic type. In this system it consist of' where on each engine' there are two contin o s loops for the fire detection. The loops are connected in parallel to a Fire Detection Unit (FDU). The connection is made thro gh an !$D logic to avoid sp rio s FI%& warnings. In case of fail re of one loop' the !$D logic becomes an O% logic. The aircraft can be released in this config ration. The fire detection loops are monitored by the FDU. The monitoring device indicates the loss of a fire detection loop to the crew members. For one engine'the constr ction in each loop comprises three fire detectors connected in parallel. The detectors are installed in the nacelle and pylon fire (ones. It is connected to a separate channel of the FDU and thro gh the related channel' to fo r of the eight lamps in a red warning light common to the two loops. This warning light is integral with the &$) *(+) FI%& p shb tton switch located on the &$),!"U FI%& panel(overhead panel). The fire detection system can be tested sing the T&-T p shb tton switch on the &$),!"U FI%& panel. For the power s pply'this system gets the electrical power from the D# system of the aircraft. For the engine fire detection system it has an interface with other systems s ch as .*. &lectrical "ower. D# !ncillary &/ ipment +. #entrali(ed Fa lt Display Interface Unit (#FDIU) 0. Flight 1arning #omp ter (F1#) (%ef. 0*-2+-33)' 4. 5anding )ear #ontrol and Interface Unit (5)#IU) 2. !nn nciator 5ight Test and Dimming 6. F nctional Interfaces

COMPONENT DESCRIPTION

)enerally' it can be divided into 0 main section which is &$),!"U FI%& panel' fire detectors and fire detection nit. The components of the fire detection system are for each engine consist of an &$),!"U FI%& panel on the overhead panel with one &$) FI%& p shb tton switch and one T&-T p shb tton switch. Then' the two fire detection loops are installed in parallel in the fire (ones and connected to a Fire Detection Unit (FDU). &ach of the fire detection loop comprises three detectors connected in parallel. !nd the last' one FDU per engine' which processes signals from the detectors. -o' that7s all abo t the overview description on the component that involve in the system. ENG/APU FIRE panel It consists of. The &$) *(+) FI%& p shb tton switch' which can be p shed only if the safety g ard is open. &ach p shb tton switch has three main f nctions that is to indicate the FI%& warning generated by the Fire Detection Unit' to activate the microswitches involved in the e8ting ishing proced re' and arm the discharge f nction for bottles * and +. The T&-T p shb tton switch (one per engine). It is sed to chec9 the condition of the fire detectors (5oops ! and :)' Fire Detection Unit (FDU)' indications' warnings and associated wirings (loop test). It also sed to perc ssion cartridge filaments of the fire e8ting isher bottles and associated wiring (s/ ib test). Fire Detectors It consist of sensing element and responder assembly in each detectors. -ensing element ! sensing element is a t be 3.360 in. (*.6 mm) in o ter diameter and 3.3*; in. (3.46 mm) in thic9ness. It contains a hydrogen-charged titani m core with a spiral wo nd aro nd it. This spiral is made of an inert material which has a special property that can give off and absorb a gas. The gap between the sensingelement o ter-t be wall and the core is filled with heli m. The initial press re of the heli m is related to the pre-set temperat re threshold selected for each sensing element. The sensing element reacts according to the ideal gas law. One end of the sensing element is hermetically soldered and the other one is connected to a * in. (+2.4 mm) diameter stainless steel body called responder.

%esponder assembly The responder contains a chamber connected to two press re switches which is
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an !5!%< switch and a <O$ITO% switch. The free end of the responder is connected to the aircraft electrical circ it. The detector has two sensing f nctions. It responds to an overall average temperat re threshold or to a highly locali(e discrete temperat re ca sed by impinging flame or hot gases. This res lts in the !5!%< switch clos re. The average and discrete temperat res cannot be ad= sted. In addition' the averaging and discrete f nctions are reversible. 1hen the sensor t be has cooled' the average gas press re decreases and the core material absorbs the discrete hydrogen gas. If the detector lea9s' the gas press re decrease ca ses the <O$ITO% switch to open and generates a detector fa lt signal. The system then does not operate d ring test. The fire detection loop has three fire detectors connected in parallel. They are installed at the engine to pylon forward mo nt' in the fan compartment close to the accessories gearbo8 and vertically in the aft part of the core compartment. The fire detectors are installed in pairs on pre-formed' stainless steel s pports on the engine. The sensing elements are installed with / ic9-release clamps which have teflon b shings and are designed for contin o s high temperat re operation. Fire Detection Unit The Fire Detection Unit (FDU) processes the signals received from the fire detection loops. There are three f nctional mod les. First is two independent channels. It m st have one for each detection loop. The second one iis to monitor the circ itry that is for maintenance p rpose only. &ach channel has its own power s pply. The two channels normally operate together' with an !$D logic' for the fire detection. >owever' if one loop is inoperative' the other loop can operate independently. &ach channel receives and analy(es contin o sly the signal from its related detection loop. Three comparators are sed for this analysis. The comparator is the FI%& comparator' #O$T!<I$!TIO$ comparator and I$T&)%IT? comparator. The o tp t signals are generated via discrete signals and,or the !%I$# 4+@ b s. The fire warning signals (a ral and,or vis al) th s generated are transmitted to the coc9pit. The monitoring circ itry analyses and monitors contin o sly the fire detection system. In case of fail re of the system the monitoring circ itry it will memori(es the fa lt in a nonvolatile memory and isolates the fa lty channel. It also generates the appropriate discrete signals.

OPERATION/CONTROL AND HANDLING A. Fire Detection Unit *. Operation of the channels #hannels ! and : are identical and partic lar to each fire detection loop. The inp t section of each channel comprises a bridge circ it with. - a reference voltage' - a variable loop voltage made of the three fire detectors in parallel. The reference voltage is sent to the three comparators (FI%&' I$T&)%IT? and #O$T!<I$!TIO$) and forms the thresholds val es. ! resistor' pstream of each comparator' ad= sts this reference voltage which becomes the comparator threshold val e. &ach fire detector resistance is 4.2 Aohms' th s the e/ ivalent resistance of each fire detection loop is *.2 Aohms.The e/ ivalent resistance varies when a change of state occ rs in the monitored areas of the engine. This generates a variable loop voltage at the three comparators.The comparator o tp ts are sent on the FI%& and F!U5T logic gates. The logic gates generate the alarm o tp ts. (a) $ormal condition In normal conditions (no fail re' no fire' no test)' the variable voltage of the loop is. - higher than the threshold * of the integrity comparator - lower than the threshold + of the fire and contamination thresholds. (b) F!U5T circ it i- I$T&)%IT? Fa lt !ny fail re of the fire detector (responder,sensing element) ca ses an increase of the e/ ivalent resistance of the three other fire detectors. ! detector can be nserviceable beca se of. - the opening of a <O$ITO% switch installed in series with an integral resistance' - or the loss of the electrical signal. The loop voltage decreases and falls nder the threshold * of the I$T&)%IT? comparator. this generates a 5OO" !(:) I$O" signal.

This fail re description is also applicable in case of accidental gro nding of the responder. ii- #O$T!<I$!TIO$ Fa lt If the responder or the connectors of FDU are contaminated. . the e/ ivalent resistance decreases . the loop voltage is higher than threshold + and lower than 0 . the #O$T!<I$!TIO$ comparator s pplies the logic gates and generates a F!U5T signal. (c) FI%& circ it The detection of a fire by one of the responders ca ses the clos re of the corresponding !5!%< switch. This generates a voltage higher than the threshold of the I$T&)%IT? and #O$T!<I$!TIO$ comparators. The FI%& comparator s pplies the logic gates and transmits a FI%& signal. +. #ontroller nit The controller circ it operating software. - monitors the two detection loops' - isolates the failed detector and loop circ it and memori(es the fail res in a non-volatile memory' - does a chec9 of the fire test circ ity when it is activated' - does the self-test at the first power- p of the FDU' - does the b ilt-in test and transmits the test res lts on the !%I$# 4+@ b s' - transmits the fail re signals to the #FDIU via the !%I$# 4+@ b s' - contin o sly transmits c rrent and,or previo s system stat s on the !%I$# 4+@ b s' - provides a serial b s interface and does command and data transmissions. 0. Indicating

(a) F!U5T 1arnings F!U5T warnings are generated via discrete signals. * - There is an I$O" signal if any of the following conditions occ rs. - an electrical fail re (loss of power' connector not connected) - a fail re in a detector - a fail re in a detection circ it - the detection of a single fire detection loop for a time greater than *6 sec
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while the other loop is in normal condition. + - The F!U5T warning signals th s generated are transmitted to the coc9pit' at the following locations. - <!-T&% #!UT light - Upper &#!< display nit. &$) * (+) 5OO" ! (:) F!U5T or &$) *. - D&T F!U5T (The -ingle #hime (-#) so nds) (b) FI%& 1arnings FI%& warnings are generated via discrete signals. * -There is a FI%& warning signal if any of the following conditions occ rs. - FI%& ! and FI%& : - FI%& ! and F!U5T : - F!U5T ! and FI%& : - F!U5T ! and F!U5T : in less than 2 seconds. + -The FI%& warning signals th s generated are transmitted to the coc9pit' at the following locations. - &$),!"U FI%& panel (*1D). &$),FI%& p shb tton switch - &$) panel (**2BU). &$),FI%&,F!U5T ann nciator - <!-T&% 1!%$ light - Upper &#!< display nit. &$) * (+) FI%& and fire e8ting ishing proced re - 5ower &#!< display nit. engine page. (The #ontin o s %epetitive #hime (#%#) so nds.)

ITE Test *. Operational test

The operational test enables the pilot to monitor and activate the fire
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protection system. This test is part of the daily chec9-list and is available each time it is needed. The operational test can be performed on the gro nd or in flight. From the &$),!"U FI%& panel' a T&-T p sh b tton switch (one per engine) chec9s the condition of the. - fire detectors (5oops ! and :)' Fire Detection Unit (FDU)' indications' warnings and associated wirings (loop test) - perc ssion cartridge filaments of the fire e8ting isher bottles and associated wiring (s/ ib test). 1hen yo press the T&-T p shb tton switch' the fire warning indications are triggered' the fire detection system is operational. For the engine * (same for the engine +). i- on the &$),!"U FI%& panel (*1D). . the &$) * FI%& legend comes on' . the -CUI: and DI-#> legends come on' ii- on the &$) panel (**2BU). . the FI%& legend comes on' iii- on the panels *03BU and *0*BU. . the <!-T&% 1!%$ lights flash' iv- on the pper &#!< display nit. . the red &$) * FI%& indication comes into view' v- on the lower &#!< display nit. . the &$)I$& page comes into view' vi- the #ontin o s %epetitive #hime (#%#) so nds. If the fail re is detected d ring the T&-T se/ ence' a F!U5T message comes into view in the lower &#!< DU (For e8ample &$) * (+) 5OO" !(:) F!U5T). +. : ilt-In Test &/ ipment (a) Description The f nction of the :IT& is to. - monitor the condition of the FDU and the related inp ts' - analy(e and confirm the fa lts and' - store them in the $on-Bolatile <emory ($B<).

The FDU is a type + system. The FDU :IT& f nctions are as follows. - ac/ isition of discrete inp t signals' - lin9 with the #FD- (thr an !%I$# 4+@ b s)' - memori(ation of fail re in a $B<'
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- tests. The :IT& test of the FDU is performed at power p or when the maintenance test discrete signal is sent from the <#DU via the #FDIU. In the two cases' the :IT& test is performed if and only if the aircraft is on the gro nd. Upon selection by the operator from the <#DU' the #FDIU displays the DFI%& "%OT. FDU * (+)D men and presents data on the <#DU. For the system' the basic f nctions are. - 5!-T 5&),)$D %&"O%T' - 5%U ID&$TIFI#!TIO$' - #5!-- 0 F!U5T-' - T&-T. :IT& Test d ration. - at power p. E2 s' - at the maintenance test. @3 s. D ring a system test' all the detectors are isolated from the FDU. The detector conditions are sim lated by the :IT& to test any fail re in the FDU and its connections. The :IT& can tell if the fail re is in the detector or the circ itry. (b) Test combinations sed by the :IT& are as follows. *- #hec9. - loops ! and : for normal operating condition' - the initial conditions to start the test. + - -im late FI%& on loops ! and : (-im late normal condition). 0 - #O$T!<I$!TIO$ F!U5T !' then sim late FI%& : (-im late normal condition). 4 - #O$T!<I$!TIO$ F!U5T :' then sim late FI%& ! (-im late normal condition). 2 - #hec9 loops ! and : for normal condition. 6 - -im late normal FI%& ! and :. !fter +6 seconds' when ! is fa lty' sim late contamination fa lt : (-im late normal condition). E - #hec9 loops ! and : for normal condition. ; - -im late normal FI%& : and !. !fter +6 seconds' when : is fa lty' sim late contamination fa lt ! (-im late normal condition). @ - #hec9 loops ! and : for normal condition.
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*3 - -im late I$T&)%IT? F!U5T on loop ! then on :' 4 seconds later and chec9 power s pplies' filaments and low press re contacts of fire e8ting isher bottles (-im late normal condition). ** - -im late #O$T!<I$!TIO$ F!U5T on loop ! and #O$T!<I$!TIO$ F!U5T on loop : 6 seconds later. -im late normal condition. *+ - &$D OF T&-T. #hec9 loops ! and : for normal condition. (c) FDU "ower- p Test i - #onditions of "ower- p Test Initialisation $ecessary #omp ter de-energi(ation Time. - +33 ms. !,# config ration. - whatever the !,# config ration on the gro nd. ii - "rogress of "ower- p Test D ration. - 2 sec. #oc9pit reperc ssions directly lin9ed to power- p test accomplishment (some other reperc ssions may occ r depending on the !,# config ration b t these can be disregarded). - &$) * (+),!"U FI%& panel. FI%& handle is flashing fo r times. iii - %es lts of "ower- p Test Test passed. - no message Test failed. - <!-T&% #!UT O$ with single chime' - &#!< warning. &$) * (+) (!"U) FI%& D&T F!U5T - &#!< -T!TU- page. FI%& D&T * (+) (!"U) I$O"

!UESTIONS

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*- 1hat is gas absorbing materialF -Titani m

+- 1hat is resistance materialF #eramic

0- 1hat is the constr ction of #ontrol UnitF The control nit is transistori(ed electronic devices. #onsist of two component board assemblies' a test switch' test =ac9' wiring harness and an electrical receptical' all enclosed in a metal case.

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CONCLUSION A% a 'n l-%i'n i" i% r- ial "' all air ra!"% "' $a0e !ire (e"e "i'n -ni"% "' ,e e3-i..e(/ T$i% i% "' en%-re "$e %a!e"y '! "$e .a%%en)er% an( !li)$" re+% a% +ell a% e 'n'*i al .-r.'%e%/ 9'r "$i% &in( '! air ra!" +$i $ i% A348 "$e %.'" "y.e !ire (e"e "i'n -ni"% are in%"alle( in "$e %y%"e*/ T$e !ire .r'"e "i'n %y%"e* in "$i% air ra!" i% l' a"e( a" er"ain area an( i" i% in"er 'nne "e( +i"$ '"$er %y%"e* a% +ell/ T$i% $ain '! %y%"e* +ill .r'0i(e a %a!e an( '*!'r"a,le "' i"% .a%%en)er an( "$e !li)$" re+/

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RE9ERENCE
$"".;//+++/% ri,(/ '*/(' /5617436/A348<N'"e% $"".;//+++/0,ir(<0a/nl/air,-%/(' %/O.era"in)=48Man-al/.(! $"".;//.*)a%%er/ $/air,-%>*e*'%/('+nl'a(%/A348>AIR/.(! $"".;//+++/y'-"-,e/ '*/+a" $?0@7A O)L(+)7+ $"".;//+++/y'-"-,e/ '*/+a" $?0@8,344N>yllA Main"enan e Man-al B%'!" '.yC

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