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Eng. Soc. B Presents Calm efore the Storm
Featuring Coloured Edges
Thursday, Dec. 1, 1983
8:00 p.m.
Waterlo.o Inn -
P ** 5 points
Beer Brewing
Tickets available at Eng. Soc. or at the door
Eng/Feds $4.00
Others $4.50
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Radical Page 2 IRON WARRIOR
November 24, 1983
The Editors' Page
About This Radical Issue
l
At the bottom of this page, Iron
Warrior is described as having the
purpose of promoting professional
awareness at the University. 1 wrote
that. In past terms the description
referred to professional awareness in the
Faculty of Engineering. I felt that this
was too limiting. Implicitly in this
description was my goal that the paper
would help to unite the University, so
often split between faculties.
1n particularlhis issue was designed to
emphasize this goal. It was our intention to
promote discussion and debate among our
readerson the topics in this issue .
A number of differing points of view
are emphasized in the various radical arti-
cles. I urge you to read each of them,
especially if you take exception to what is
being said. Try to understand that argu-
ment. Try to see if it doesn' t have some
validity. This, I believe, helps balance a
person's education.
Many ot the articles deal with the
engineering image. This is still of prime
concern to most engineering students. It is
apparently an unresolved issue, judging by
the number of different views I've heard.
Perhaps this identity crisis we tend to
suffer - as shown by extremely polarized
behaviour (rigorous academic discipline
contrasted with obscene or rude public
behaviour) is a result of the frustration we
feel at times with our educational system.
Certainly, there are a lot of students who
cannot fully rationalize why they are here.
This term we made a few changes in
the Iron Warrior. We've tried to make it
more appealing to all students at this Uni-
versity, not just engineers.
\
What sort of response do you expect
we've gotten? Well, the engineers and
the Engineering Society like it. The
campus? One woman told me she didn't
want to have anything to do with
anything the engineers did.
In the October 28th issue of the Arts
Lion , the editor, Paul Carpino states
(sic) .. In recent years we found that arts
students were becoming disgustingly
bland, blase, conformists, boring, stupid
and engineer-like." Don't be mistaken,
that wasn't an article. That wasn't just
any student. THAT WAS THE
EDITOR. I have the same job he has .
Yet , here I am straining to put out an
open minded paper concerned with our
image, while he takes unfounded swipes
at us .
Participation More Valuable Than Marks
What kind of people are engineering
students? Are we really the loud, crazy,
vulgar and most of all, fun-loving group
at the university? 1 think we should be
in order to add spice to a somewhat dull
academia. Do engineers really represent
this image? At Waterloo, as well as at
any other university, it is a small
fraction which provide any sustenance
to the good time. Let's face it; most
classes are plagued with that well
known trait: apathy.
Too many students let themselves
fall into an incredibly tight study routine
which does not even allow for a
weekend away from school. I know a
student who has every hour of his
evening and weekend planned before the
week starts'. and it's for scnool.
What kind of an existe e is than I
suppose the faculty will eventually find
this student useful when advanced
research is considered. But what kind of
a graduate will emerge after the
university education is completed? Will
we be able to talk to it?
Three cheers for the under-rated.
over-criticized engineering spirit. for
providing a means of escaping the forty
dollar tcxtbooks which just have to be
read.
The students who expound the
fun-.loving image may not appeal to the
othcr faculties, and at times, they may
not appeal to fellow engineers, but they
represent a valuable exit from the
stringent academic requirements in our
faculty. Participation in this spirit
doesn't always have to be in the form of
public di grace, although this method is
lRON WARRIOR
The IRON WARRIOR is a publication of the Engineering Society B at the
University of Waterloo. Its purpose is to promote professional awareness at the
University.
Editorial views presented in the IRON WARRIOR do not necessarily repre ent
those of the Engineering Society.
No part of this publication may be reprinted without the written consent of the
editor.
Editors: Mike Urlocker. Carlos Panksep
Advertising: Mike Thomas 886-5452
Jeff Warren. Harald Bransch Typing: Liz Fritsch
Staff: Norm Soley. Ken Jones, Jeff Endenburg, Langis Roy, Rob Tasker,
Steve Sklepowich, Pete Lash, Mike Thomas, Lar Wilke, Bob Costen, Paul
Gabber, Chris Bogdanow, Sheela Khandkar, Lee Wanstall. Antoinette
Camilleri, Julia Lyuh, Dave Hudson, Clinton Yourth, Wendy Fletcher.
Tom Fulton.
Mailing Address: IRON WARRIOR
Eng Soc B Office
Carl Pollock Hall
University of Waterloo
Waterloo, Ontario
N2L 3GI
Engineers attending a formal dinner in style.
usually the most remembered by
everyone. Engineeling events are the
most original forms of entertainment
that you'll find anywhert;. It's
unfortunate that a large percentage of
the engineers on campus do not take
part in any activities whatsoever.
It's unfortunate for everyone.
The active participants suffer
because they find themselves trying to
keep up with the high averages attained
by the apathetic 'keeners'. Frustrating is
the ta k of just staying above average,
when you've got to compete 'With
students who keep their noses in
textbook all day and all night.
Congratulations to our powerful
Engineering Society for structuring the
wide variety of events and competitions,
and for funding our two official
newspapers. All organizers and
executive should be proud to be part of
the biggest society on campus.
Too bad P**5 points aren't
adaptable to your scholastic average. or
indicated on your university tran cript.
If they were, the number of Grade A
engineers would probably double .
Perhaps the ever-criticized
engineering image is a vent of academic
frustration. If it is, then let loose and
don'l worry about it.
I 1101 WAIIIOI I
A <O'UM <0' "GO"'''NG CONCE"" *
WANTED:
Dedicated writers, production staff,
advertising salespeople and editors to
work on Iron Warrior for the summer
term. Writing skills, organizational
ability required.
Apply at Eng. Soc. Office now!
.,. ' ...
November 24, 1983 IRON WARRIOR Radical Page 3
Engineers Are Gay
There are gay engineer . Student ,
professor , admini trators. you name it.
The most con ervative e timates that are
widely accepted indicate that
approximately four percent of the
population i' homosexual. Yet, the gay
engineering student i one of the lea t
visible member of the community. He
is also one of the most fru trated and
confused. His lifestyle contradict the
image which is so quickly thrust upon
frosh.
Recently, I spoke with a first year
engineering student at a meeting of the
Gay Liberation of Waterloo (GLOW).
Although he considers himself to be
very good at living the double life of
homosexuality, he was quite
uncomfortable as he spoke to me. He
has two groups of friends, his straight
friends and his gay friends. Not one of
his straight friends knows he is gay.
Two straight people in the world know
he is gay. I'm one of them.
He needs the support of an
organization like GLOW. It's one of
the very few places he can talk openly.
It is unlike home , with the hushed
words he must have with gay friend ,
fearful that roommates will hear . .
He considers it as two masks he
must wear. He is concerned that perhaps
over a period of four years of attending
gay social events, his secret may not
remain so. It' s a strain, he says, but it's
a strain he chooses. He does not choose
to be gay, however, he chooses to live it
this way. He emphasizes that it's better
than staying in the closet. Besides, it
has advantages. He has protected his
parents, he hasn't jeopardized his
friendships by excessive honesty, and he
does accept his homosexuality enough
to pursue it. He considers himself to be
out of the closet.
Greg Meadows points out that there
arc two levels of coming out for a
homosexual. The first level is when you
accept it yourself. The second level is
when you come out to your parents,
The Artsie View
your friends, your hos . Greg doe. n '(
hide his homo exuality. He doe n'l
wear it on his lapel. either. Greg isn't in
engineering. He often works the GLO\V
hotline. and ha to help ga) engineers.
"They phone me and ay, 'I'm ga)
AND I'm in engineering.' Everyone has
lrouble coming out. It's fearful. ;md
being in engineering makes it wor e.
There is no open communication, jU'l a
10l of hearsay." This makes it all the
more difficult for a gay engineer.
Alan, a math student, expre sed a
common senliment. The gay person is
subject to a very strong, ublle pres ure .
"After eighteen years of this, you tend
to feel that you're abnormal. They're
nomlal, you're not. ,. That's not an easy
thing to live with. AI described to me
the hell he went through last summer in
his I B term. "It wa all
, consuming . .. devastating. Your own
negative feelings about yourself are
projected on others. Once you can
accept it, though, it's okay with
others." rt was such a dominating
concern of AJ's that summer that he was
never at ease. Gay? Straight? He
couldn't live with that dilemma. He
finally came to accept the fact that he
was gay. It was a gradual acceptance of
his self. There is an immense pressure
upon gays to be heterosexual. This
causes great anxiety for most. I
Coming out was described as a very
enriching experience, like being born
again. It provides the gay man or
woman with a new sense of self. It's a
release from many negative feelings. AI
said that there are many reasons why
gays come out. Sometimes they are
good reasons such as the desire to share
the positi ve experiences of I ife and love .
He felt that the eeret life of
homosexuality was very damaging
because it prevented this sharing with
others. The visibility of open
homosexuality is a useful tool in
obtaining political rights and
recognition, he felt. On the negative
side, homo exuals may come out in
order 10 blame others, uch a their
parents.
One of the purposes of GLOW is to
reach out to other homosexuals and
assi I them in coping with the numerous
problems associated with
homosexuality. This is often referred to
as recruiting by some organizations.
Greg pointed out that organizations such
as Positive Parents of Mis issauga have
used the recent Acquired Immune
Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) outbreak
as a tool to suppress homosexuals.
"The AlDS hysteria is worse than
AIDS itself," he said. The linking of
homosexuality with the new disease
symbolize ' to man an inherent evi l or
damnation of homosexuals. "You'll die
yet" is the common heterosexual belief,
making homosexuals perpetrators of the
disease, rather than victims. When I see
GA Y (10/ A/f)S )'I't Smtl/:' nn the
wall in the huthwo01, worse than
Kill All Queers or something from the
lunatic fringe. It's ridiculou . It's a
negative view to think that we deserve
AIDS. It pu he people into further
denial. "
The denial of homosexuality was
compared by some to the absence of
black models on television. Straight
society refuses to acknowledge
homosexuality. This blanket of silence
i thought of as very oppre sive. Even
worse than the denial of gay men is the
complete invisibility of lesbians in
society. "What a gay engineer suffers,
a lesbian suffers worse" was one
thought on the matter. Greg felt that the
best thing for gay liberation would be
., if h terosexuals just came ( ut to
GLOW to see that we are
normal people. We're just like
else. The worst homophobes should Just
come see us. Mayhe if they didn't know
w\.' ",ere ga .It hrst, t.tlh'd wllh and
til ' 1\ round Ilut, they lOIl\d all'cpt u .. ,"
Molding The Male Engineer
This article is based solely Oil the collected opiniol/s arts .\t/(tiellts. It
IS meant to inform male en!{ineers of hOI\ ' thel' ma\' appear to other lacllities. 1/ i.1
writ/ell from the lIoll-engineer point of "h:,,. .
Engineers can be classified into three
categories: a) the rowdy, loud,
and sometimes vulgar type, b) the
socially inept type and c) the
well-rounded type.
Everyone would like to think of
themselves as type c). But do they come
off that way? Not according to most
non-engineers. The rowdy students like
to uphold the 'engineering' image, or
what they think that should be. They
may not really represent that image in
their own person, bUI as a group or as
representatives of the faculty, they take
on this new identity. Even worse than
just assuming this new identity, the
engineering student hides behind it. He
acts the way he thinks an engineer
should, and he'll do what other
engineers do. There is nothing less
appealing than an engineer who 'fakes'
and engineering spirit. There seems to
be many cases of the highschool hermit
who takes on the crazy-guy character as
soon as he enters engineering, and the
change is painfully evident.
So what's wrong with that?
If a hennit who previously had no
identity, suddenly acquires a method of
making friends, and releasing pent-up
emotions, then perhaps the engineering
image is a useful tool.
The question is: Does this type
acquire an identity, or is the identity
impressed on him? This can be
answered by observing the engineer in
the 'outside' world, or by himself. More
often than not, you'll find that he'll be
back to his original self.
The type b) engineer sometimes
goes by another name: 'keener' or 'front
row material.' This student will spend
the majority of the day studying. He
will pursue high marks with such
intensity that important social skills can
never be learned. This type will only
find ease in conversing with others like
him. At parties, and even in daily
activities, they will stick together,
because they are afraid to relate to other
people.
Is this social ineptness their fault?
The engineering faculty can be blamed
in this case. The workload is designed
to actually allow for extreme amounts of
studying to be done if one is so
inclined. This engineer therefore starts
studying and doesn't know when to
stop.
There are a lot of these engineers
around, but they aren't noticed (mainly
because they do not have the time to
participate in any rowdy events).
There is hope for many engineers, at
least for those who fall into the well
rounded type. These guys have found a
balance between the studying and the
fun, and can talk about something other
than the advantages of an Apple II E
computer over the Apple II +.
The engineering image is !)hocking
to the first year arts student. The
segregation between engineering and
other faculties is felt immediately, and
the forceful engineering spirit is
surprising, especially to female arts
frosh. The tenacity with which the
engineers antagonize the other faculties
is astounding. They create their spirit
through antagonism. They thrive on
superiority, and the domination of
women. According to the damaging
stereotype, an engineer's top priority in
a woman is that she flaunt a sexual
attractiveness. This comes before beauty
and intelligence. An engineer takes
pride in one night stands.
It is generally felt that the older
engineers are broader in mind, and that
they mellow out to a more ocially
acceptable state.
In their 'crusade' they do add to the
school spirit, and the university would
not be 'better' wilhout the engineers.
Letters
IRON WARRIOR
November 24, 1983
Eng Soc
Antagonizes
Female Minority
The Engineering Faculty at the major-
ity of Canadian Universities tries to
encourage women to enter the field of
Engineering by quoting statistics on the
ever-increasing number of women in this
field. If these statistic are correct, as they
appear to be, one would assume that the
focus of Engineering activities would
adapt accordingly; apparently not.
It is logical that many engineering
activities (e.g. arm-wrestling, tobacco-
spitting contests - markedly low partici-
pation by women) are geared to men, as
they are, by far, the majority. However, in
order for these activities to appeal to the
majority, they needn't antagonize the
minority of women. Minorities generally
have less say than do majorities; this does
not imply that a minority can or should be
dismissed. Thi applies to politics as well
a to anything else. Try to imagine the
reaction if Trudeau were to tell a raci t
joke in the House of Commons? Eng. Soc.
committed the equivalent when they hired
a stripper and her G-string to parade
around campus. Eng. Soc. also repeats its
admirable job of offending women every
term when they organize the Welcome
Back Stag which has become synonymous
with "Heavy Drunk plus Strippers".
Lady Godiva and engineers parading through campus.
Eng. Soc. is supposed to represent
ALL students, one of its functions is to
organize events which will appeal to ALL
engineers. Somehow, watching female
strippers is not my idea of a good time.
Oranted, Eng. Soc. does organize some
events which all can participate in such as
the Bus Push. Semi-nude women and
female strippers, however, are another
matter. If the Stag and the recent Godiva
parade were not intended specifically to
~ and antagonize female engineers,
I assure you they did a remarkably good
jot.. of it all the same. To add insult to
injury, Eng. Soc finances these events,
using money, either directly or indirectly,
extral:ted every term from ALL engineers
under the heading of Eng. Soc. fees. The
Stag barely manages to be self-sufficient,
always ending up in the red, and using a
portion of Eng. Soc. fees to bail itself oul.
Also I do not seem to recall anyone pass-
ing out a hat for contributions to pay for
"Godiva". 1 have no intention of paying
full Eng. Soc. fees since Eng. Soc.'s
claim to represent all members of the fac-
ulty is so blatant in it inaccuracy.
A final note while on the topic of the
"Godiva" parade. I would like to con-
gratulate the organizers of the parade on
November 4 for their admirable lack of
judgement in parading through a midterm
exam, after being expressly denied admis-
ion by the prof. The reason I lame the
organizers is that it should be their respon-
sibility to find out where they can and
cannot go to avoid this type of stupidity
and thoughtlessness.
Catherine E. Murphy
Vanessa J. Oakley
Patricia J. Locker
(2B Electrical)
Israel's Technion Science Fair
The followiflg {eller II'US sent to the Dean (!l Hngineering. It is reprillted here to
iI/form studellis of the 1984 Technion Science Farr.
Dear Dean,
The Canadian Technion Society, a
non-profit organi7.ation, has been very
encouraged by the help of the Ontario
Government, the Youth Science Founda-
tion and individuals in the education com-
munity. This, coupled with the growing
success of the first two fairs, made for a
unanimous decision by our board to con-
tinue sponsoring the TECHNION SCI-
ENCE FAIR. With Canada's growing
need for scientific manpower, the Cana-
dian Technion Society is pleased to do a
small part in supporting students in their
applied science interests.
At tbis busy time of the year, I am
asking for your assistance in two ways:
seeing that your students are made
aware of the Fair by the posting of the
enclosed material, (more is available
upon request),
asking your staff if there is a member
willing to act as liaison between your
sfudents and Technion.
If you would send us the name of the
liaison, it would be greatly appreciated.
The format of the 1984 TECHNION
SCIENCE FAIR will be similar to that of
the last two. Students must submit appli-
cation forms and our screening committee
will choose those exhibits in fields of
applied science and technology which
meet the criteria of creativity, innovative-
ness and competence.
The Grand Prize is a vi it ~ o the
TECHNION - Israel In titute of Tech-
nology, one of the world's foremost uni-
versities for technological education in
Haifa, Israel. Depending on the schedule
of the winner and that of the University,
this may include participation in a study
program. Other prize are also awarded.
Working at the Ontario Science
Centre for the last two years, I have seen
the TECHNION SCIENCE FAIR
develop into a major Fair. The projects
submitted have been extremely mterest-
Ing and many were deserving of winning
the Grand Prize. The staff at Technion are
dedicated to this Fair and this year's
promises to be bigger and better.
If there are any question , please do
not hesitate to call the office and ask for
Debra Eklove, Director of Special Proj-
ects, or myself.
I wish you a very successful . chool
year.
Yours truly,
Chuck Cohen,
Chairman,
Participants Outreach
Keeners
-
Antisocial Behaviour
Mike:
I find It Ironic that opposite your
editorial titled' 'Engineering - W rkin
Against Human Interaction?" you ran an
article seemingly justifying anti-social (or
more properly non-social) behaviour. I
speak of "Where is the Front Row?" It is
true that most of those who have been
given that label of "keen" are merely
hard-working serious students not deserv-
ing of the stigma associated with the lable,
but we have all seen the zombies at the
computer terminals for hours or having
their personalities absorbed by a video
game. These are the students deserving of
the keener label. They how no evidence
of common sense, a valuable part of our
Engineering education.
They will ask the professor a question
even though the answer is written in half
inch type in the textbook and then will tum
around and ask something from material
that will not be covered for three or four
lectures. They are doing great harm to
those slightly less bright (not to m n t ~ o n
orne of the professors) by adding more
confusion to something which is already
confusing enough. They harm our image
with people (especially employers) out-
side of Engineering. I am still amazed by
the number of people who believe that
there are only two kinds of Engineer, the
beer swilling, sexist pig or the super-
intelligen't nerd (complete with pocket
saver). I personally fit into neither cate-
rtaini n the latter ju a k m
profs). The drive to succeed is desirable
but to what point? Is stepping on others to
make yourself look better acceptable to
the keener? In first year our floor keener
in the village lost his keener label when
he deliberately started telling us to study
material not on the exams and vice versa,
from then on we called him asshole or
even better avoided him. I'm ure that
thi warped person was rare but not the
Qnly case of anti-social behaviour on the
part of the" pressured keener" .
In defence of the 2B EE keener day,
that action has probably done more to fos-
ter communication within the class than
anything else ever done if only because the
front row boys finally saw our faces. We
presented an extreme that was so beyond
belief even the f.r.b. 's laughed. Since that
day one of them has come to me for help
(blew my mind) the dividing lines are dis-
solving and everyone is for the better.
Really the point of all this is that we
should not be encouraging 'keen" behav-
iour that will just make a bad situation
worse. Instead we should be attempting to
break down . the walls and encourage
everyone to act like a human being.
Norm Soley
The Middle Rows
2B Electrical
Corrections to OEDC Article
Dear Mike,
With reference to your most recent
(November 3, 1983) issue of the Iron War-
rior, let me congratulate you on what I
regard is a fine example of engineering
professionalism, demonstrated through
the articles in your publication. I do how-
ever have two small comments to make.
First, and most important, is that my
name was used in the article concerning
the Ontario Engineering Design Competi-
tion (O.E.D.C.). That's fine, but it should
have appeared as:
Mark Turchan not Mark TurchoD
I'll forgive you this time. Besides the 9ther
O.E.D.C. directors never get it right
either!
Second, is the matter of the entry fee
for the O.E.D.C. It should have read $35/
member/entry, not $25. Although this
entry fee is a little more expensive than
what was charged at Queen's University,
it is smaIl in comparison to the doubling of
the prize money for this year's winners!!
Your sincerely,
Mark P. Turchan, Chairman
Editorial Communications Category
Ontario Engineering Design Competition
1984
University of Waterloo
November 24, 1983
IRON WARRIOR Radical Page 5
Systems A ienated
by Rob Ta ' ker
"Everyone knows that S) stem
blov"s .. , . " Thi was the topic of
discussion for the quarter finals of the
Sandford Fleming deb,!lle . I attended
thi e sion expecting to hear orne
sound argument regarding the conflict
between Systems De ign and the rest of
the engineering faculty. Yet the debaters
preferred to bicker about the meaning of
the word "blows" rather than to
propose any valid points concerning the
real implications of this statement.
Many engineers will say that the
conflict has no impact on them elves,
yet few can deny that it exists. General
engineeri ng frosh are instructed to shout
"Systems Sucks" from the first day of
orientation week. To some it is
considered common knowledge that
Systems Design classes are independent
and arrogant. One first year Systems
Design tudent denied being in the
faculty for fear of being labelled as a
snob.
Slanderous remarks are often taken
lightly by both sides, yet the underlying
feelings almost make Systems Design an
outcast within its own faculty. Systems
Design professor George Soulis
explains, . >In any University there is
always one group of students that is
criticized JU t for being different.'-
What makes Slstems Design
Engineering different?
The System, De ign program at
Waterloo i. the only program of it k. ind
in Canada. Starting back in the late
ixtie the department has al", ays
promoted the high quality of
engineeri ng that Waterloo is famous for.
Systems De ign i a vel)' generaliz.ed
di cipline of engineering where the
students are involved in work hop
programs and problem olving in every
aspect of the profes ion. The tudents
are able to expand their knowledge and
specialize in almost any field of
engineering. Self confidence and cia
participation are continually encouraged
by the profe sors in the faculty.
Team work is another very
important a pect of Systems De ign .
The program is oriented so that the
students must learn to work with one
another in order to pass. The enrolment
procedure is also different. Contrary to
the 'weeding out' process in the other
di sci plines, all students accepted to
Systems Design are expected to pass .
An example of this was the I B System
class of last term with a zero failure
rate.
What's Wrong with Waterloo?
Re: The Fourth Year Retrospective
by Steve Sklepowich
All of the 'pros' which the fortunate
graduating students reflect upon relate the
benefits of Waterloo' s co-operative sys-
tem, Where would Waterloo's engineer-
ing school, or for that matter Waterloo
itself, be if the co-op system was no
longer viable due to the, economy? Many
engineering undergraduates, especially in
the mechanical and chemical disciplines,
have been exposed to this possibility dur-
ing the last two years as a result of the
high unemployment situation. Suddenly
to these students, Waterloo no longer
becomes an attractive place to study as
the thought of 'combining employment
with education' disintegrates. Secondary
school students contemplating coming to
Waterloo are wondering why spend an
extra year in university if the co-op sys-
tem is no longer ' guaranteed' as in the
past. Now, supposing that all of the 'pros'
of Waterloo have destroyed (i.e.
co-op) what does Waterloo and Water-
loo's Engineering program offer to its stu-
dents?
Certainly from the reflections of
mature, hardened graduates, it does not
seem to be a, healthy atmosphere.
Engineering is obviously a ' grind' com-
pared to other courses, but why does
almost every engineer have that " ) want
to get the hell out of here" attitude? It
would be interesting to see how engineers
from other schools, not exposed 10 co-op
feel about their education and environ-
ment.
Graduating engineers feel they have
become too specialized, too early and
thus have become 'technoids', Is this due
to the 'Waterloo atmosphere'? Is it the
co-op system and its emphasis on seeking
employment? Or is it engineering educa-
tion in general?
What can be done about it?
Perhaps by having the ' best' society
on campus and the 'best' engineering
school in the country our arrogance has
forced us to become isolated from the rest
of the schooL Engineering societies
should work towards diversifying and
Electives should not be merely
regarded as ' bird' courses to pull up your
average. Perhaps to avoid this, engineer-
ing should be made a pre-professional
program whereby incoming students
already possess a broader education. This
is the case with every other professional
discipline.
Whatever the causes and sol utions,
Waterloo engiQeers are dissatisfied with
their education and somebody should care
enough to alleviate this dissatisfaction,
desegregating themselves. Perhaps one
way to do this would be to offer richer
programs, in subjects other than in
engineering. such as humanities. Making
more cultural and language courses avail -
able to engineering students would cer-
tainly broaden their horizons and force
them to become involved throughout the
campus. Having researched this possibil-
ity recently, it seems that engineering fac-
Ulty members are reluctant to enrich the
humanities program 'due to time con-
straints'. Faculty members in the
humanities departments hold entirely
opposite views. Ideally the relationship
between the two departments should be
reciprocal.
Looking at ) Del>lgn
Engin'crin!! from the nth'r I:crtain
a. peets of the program ma, tak 'n in
J difl'ercnl perspective. Due to the
vcr atilit) of the student, he/she ma} be
looked upon as " JaeJ... of all trades, yet
lOa ter of Jl( ne", The prngram is
, om times criti 'ized as being too
"artsic" or sociall) oriented to be
classified as an engineering program.
This opinion is certainly not valid, yet it
i often used for provocation . The team
work and c1as. participation cnl:ouraged
in ystems Design can often lead to
egregation from the other parts of
engincering. Thi i also the case for
other lasses in enginecring, and it
provide a further source of harsh
competition and conflict. .....
The class , tructure in engmeering is
one of the mo t int egral parts of the
educational system. Working together as
a class, students are able to learn as
much form their classmatc as they do
from profe sor or books. But are
student s in engineering really expanding
their knowledge and discovering new
concept , or are they ju t growi ng into
one another and becoming more of the
same? The conflict with System Design
is j ust a symptom of thi s problem.
It a general feeling thaI it is not
us as indi\ iduah., but only a. a group
that ) sterns Design engineer appear
arrogant. h seems that there are a few
professors that may be the of
attjtude. As one student put it , . 'Some
professors sell Systems Design to the
student liJ...e it the grcatel>t thing since
sliced bread." Systems Design may be
a uniqOe and C l'e llent program, but!
question the need tl) flaunt II (0 anyone.
High cnrolhnent average and a high
rate of Job placement in the Systems
Design classes could also be factors that
incite envy and criticism for students in
other discipl ines of engineering.
faking tht' p()int one step further,
thIS confh.:t \\ Ithin engineering may be
parallel ed \\ith till' situation engineers
have aeated for \\ ithin the
Universit}. Engi neers ar often
stereotyped as an independl:nt. clannish
and above all arrogant group of
students. They are continuously
promoting the distinct engineering
image and provoking resentment from
the other faculties . The indi vidual class
tructure may be one major rea on for
this situation. Wherever there is a
closely knit group within a larger one,
thi s will always bring resentment and
criticism.
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01
Page 6
IRON WARRIOR
November 24, 1983
Biomed Eng-neering:
Solving Medical Problems
interviews by Sheela Khandkar
The recently announced formation of
the university's I nstitute for Biotechnical
Research is, in part, one consequence of
U of W's growing strength in the area of
biomedical engineering. This includes
work in the technology of deoxyribonuc-
leic acid (DNA) synthesis and manipula-
tion, pollutant degradation, the mechan-
ics of orthopedic devices and other new
concerns.
The engineers in this field often work
very closely with members of the health
profession in.solving what are essentially
engineering problems. Dr. McNeice, of
civil engineering describes his first
biomedical work involving a hip pros-
thesis (artificial joint) which had failed,
"There was nothing wrong with the
metal, it was basically a stress problem.
So I took on a stress analysis using the
computer program. We modelled the
femur and the prosthesis, and by looking
at the mechanics we came up with the
loads on the proslhesis." What Dr.
McNeice and his associates found out was
that if the device loosened at all, the
stre ses would become large enough to
cause fatigue in the melal. Whal McNeice
used was hi s experience in applied
mechanics and truclural analysis to solve
a problem which doctors could not. As he
says, "What you're really doing is help-
ing the general public in getting better
health care. As an engineer, Ihal's your
main commitment, to the public, 10 soci-
ety-;not to yourself. "
Dr. Bernard Glick is a new arrival to
the biology department. Dr. Glick brings
with him considerable experience in
molecular genetics. Just as one can cut a
piece of audiotape with a knife or pair of
scissors and spli ce it together with cel-
lulose tape, 0 scientists can now cut
DNA very specifically using enzymes
called restriction endonucleases. These
pieces can then be "re-glued" together
using other enzymes called DNA ligases .
This may permit biotechnologists to
remove and restructure t.he DNA found
in some bacteria. Once reinserted, thesc
.. new" genes enable the bacteria to per-
form novel addit.ional functions. Use has
already been made of such technology in
Dr. Glick of Biology
photo by J. Mark Wallace
the production of synthetic insulin,
interferon, and human growth hormone,
all of which will shortly be on the market.
Dr. Glick feels that genetic engineer-
ing will make a tremendous impact upon
our lives . "You have to remember, it
took years from the lime the transistor
was developed, in 1948, to the point
we ' re at today. .. the threshold of the
microelectronics revolution," he points
out. "Genetic engineering, on the other
hand is ani y ten years old. "
Communications Gap
One common concern is the difficulty
encountered in communicating between
the profeSSions. Dr. David Winter, of the
Department of Kinesiology developed the
gait lab here at U of W. Winter feels that
one of the causes of this problem is the
educational system. "One of the biggest
weaknesses of every medical group's
education is that they don't require
physics. They have chemistry, bio-
chemistry, microbiology, but not physics.
Yel, you have a urgeon who is like a
carpenter with a chisel, a hammer and a
drill who is altering mechanics of the
body but who has very little mechanics
theory background."
It is generally felt that the gap
between the two professions is being
bridged by mutual co-operation. McNeice
describes two ap which xi t . Th
knowledge gap, as he calls it , exists
merely becau e of the widely differing
backgrounds of those involved : This is
nOI a serious problem. The second gap,
however, concerns the acceptance of
biomedical engineering. Winter points
out that it is difficult for doctors to have
confidence in engineering sol utions. "All
my reports arc translated. We give the full
tcchnical terms. We also write the conclu-
sions and recommendations in correct
anatomical and mcd.ical terms. Even then,
a large amount of it is generally ignored.
The average condition specialist will
understand the conclusion I make, but he
can't under tand how I came to those con-
clusion . Therefore, he is quite reluctant
to say, 'Well I'm not going to do that
surgery or change the rehabilitation.' It is
improving, though."
Dr. McNeice of Mechanical Engineering
The Kinesiology Gait lab assesses normal and pathological gaits using cinematog-
raphy, electromyography and force plates.
Funding
Unlike some biomedical research,
genetic manipulation doesn' t require the
expenditure of large sums foc a single sci-
entific instrument, but is nonetheless still
costly. To set up a lab one .requires sev-
eral types of instruments, each of which
may cost from two to ten thousand dol-
lars. Some of the enzymes one uses to cut
genes and splice them together are
extremely expensive, perhaps fifty dollars
for a tiny vial. As many researchers indi-
cate, money is always a problem. Most of
McNeice's research is funded by the
National Science and Engineering
Research Council (NSERC). Second-
arily, he is funded through hospital fouR-
dations. "There's not a lot of money
available becau e the area is not seen as a
high priority. It is to the patient, and it is
to ome medical people, but it isn't to the
government who gives the money.
Thirdly, money comes from industry,
which i negligible. It's a shame, when
you consider the benefits that industry
gets from medical appliances compared to
the amount of money they put into
research. "
Rew ....
Biomedical research 1S considered to
be a very rewarding field of engineering
by those involved. This is a result of the
very great effects it can have in a patient's
life. McNeice describes a case which
involved two children who were com-
pletely immobile. "These boys could
hardly u e their ann . They couldn't feed
themselves or anything like that. They
had to lie on the floor. Over a period of
years, I developed feeders to feed them-
selves. With a lot of help from studenlS
and other people we put together special
eating systems for them. A graduate of
Waterloo who is now in Toronto at one of
the major hospitals supplied and designed
one of the chairs for the kids. Another
undergraduate from Waterloo, who was
working with me at the time, designed a
chair for the other. We developed the in-
classroom use of microcomputers, so the
child could communicate with his
teacher. They could both speak, but
couldn't hold a pencil. Now they're both
using computers. Not only that , but the
school board saw fit, with our recommen-
dations, mine and the surgeons, to buy
both of these children computers. They
(continued on p. 7)
A longitudinal section of the ankle joint which can be analysed as
a fluid film bearing.
November 24, 1983
fRON WARRIOR
Page 7
An anthropomorphic dummy is used to simulate fatal falls in the testing of various
commercial gymnastic mats.
I
(from p.6)
now have computers. printers, recording
device with which they do their home
work. They are now mobile on their
electric chair , they can go outdoors and
enjoy sports just like any other kid. 1
think thaI this has been a real accomplish
ment for myself. Those kids are now
happy , mobile and independent."
Co-op Residences
IAccommoda tion
for Winter
1984 ...
Single Room
$1092
Waterloo Co-op oper.tes,.
three small residences within
walkine distance from the
UW and the WLU campus.
Each resident is required to
do three hours of duties each
week. The duties vary from
servine dinner to ",.shlne
Ooors, from lakine minutes
at meetinls to making minor
repalis. Workjne tOKether
and sharine responsiblJlty
for the operation of the
residence contributes to the
strong sense of community,
characteristic of the Co-op
resld ences.
Coop offers you substan-
ti,1 financial benefits. If
you're willlne to accept this
responsibility.
Waterloo Co-operatin
Residence is student-owned
and oper.tes Independently
of the Uninrsities. You do
not have to study under the
system to live .t the
Co-op residences; the word
"Co-operative" here means
that theresidencesare owned
and controlled democrat-
Ically by the students who
Un here.
[Accommodation
For Winter
1984 ...
Double Room
$945
Waterloo Co-operative
Residence Inc.
280 Phillip Street
Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3Xl
(519) 884-3670
APEO
Engineering
Conference
The Association of Prokssional
Engineers of Ontario (APEO) held its fifo
teenth annual from ovemlxr
fourth to , i tho The editors of the /1'011
Warrior, along \\ ith teve Knaack. Vivo
ienne Baldur and Judy Runnall s attend'd
the Ottawa conference.
The conference was hosted by Carle-
ton University. Rcpresentati es from
Lakehead. Guelph, the Royal
Military College. McMaster and Toronto
were present. Fivt: offstream student'
from Waterloo also attended.
The speakers included: Andrew
Haydon from the Ontario Centre for
Microelectronic (apparently a very pow-
erful man in this industry), Grant Boundy
from the APEO, Michael Caughey, vice-
pre ident of Technology and Design
Resources at Mitel, and John Goldack
from Carleton University.
The theme for the conference was
.. Engineers and Government". The
major topic of discussion was re earch
and development in Canada.
A highlight of the conference was the
showing of The Truesteel Affair, a film
sponsored by the APEO. The film was
about what can happen to any engineer
who chooses to disregard the Code of
Ethics. It was very convincing, and is
highly recommended to any professor
who wants to inform his students of the
value of the Code.
The entertainment at the conference
consisted of parties, meals, a dance, t- hirt
trading" rocket fuel and plastering Carle-
ton University and downtown Hull with
Waterloo Engineering sticker.
in Ottawa
!\ION' Things You Should Know
About the APEO
Grant Boundy of the APEO spoke
about the engineering as.ociation at the
Ottawa conference . Here are ome facts
about the APEO of which you may n t be
'olllplctcly informed:
There arc 50,000 member, of which
40,000 practi e engineering in Ontario.
II is estimated thal there will be 80.000
by the year 2000.
Members must pay an annual fee of
sixty-five dollars .
Part of the budget is used to deal with
non-member who are not following
the Code of Ethics.
The magazine "Dimensions" is pub-
lished six times a year.
To become a member , one must have
an engineering degree , two years expe-
rience (co-op workterms do not count),
and one must pass an APEO exam one
year after graduation. The exam is
based on two book. .. Professional
Engineering Practice" and" Engineer-
ing Law" , both available from the
APEO. The examination lasts three
hour, and is failed by fiftcen percent of
the engineers who write it . The exam
consists of case studies in which the
engineer must apply his knowledge of
the Code and engineering practice.
11 is possible to become a member with-
out a degree by taking an extensive set.
of examinations on engineering prin-
ciples. This has a four percent pass
rate.
When applying to the APEO, three
character references are requ ired.
Possession of a criminal record doe
not nece arilyexclude n from m n -
bership.
Professor Andrews is the APEO repre-
sentative at the University of Waterloo.
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Radical Page 8
IRON WARRIOR November 24, 1983
FORUM: Arms And Engineering
Engineers - Cog In The Military Machine
In the past two or so years the issue of
the complete annihilation of civilization
has come to the point of open protest.
Millions of people have taken to the treet
to plead for their future, the future of their
children and the future of the unborn
generations to come. Yet, the insanity of
arms production and development
continues unabated , regardless of the
opinions of the populace who may
eventually suffer the consequences of
unchecked insanity. This situation exists
because the en who play the game and
call the shots re not of this world . They
are the politicians and military officers
who become so engrossed in the
international power struggle that they lose
contact with the immense danger of the
situation. They create a world where life
docs not exist. Only number!; and
statistics arc allowed,
They talk of losses in millions without
batting an eye because numbers arc easily
manipulated and subtraction is a basic
operation. All thoughts of human .
suffering have long since been
vanquished since thoughts such as these
only inhibit the job at hand. "
by Lars Wilke
All the people which serve to keep the
huge military machine running are trained
to think in a similar fashion; do your job
well but never consider the reality of the
situation. This way the madness is much
more easily perpetuated as we see from
example in Hitler's Germany. Thus we
gear up even more quickly for the war to
end all wars.
The tragedy of the situation is that
many of tho e who work for the machine
are intelligent people, men and women
who should be thinking of the
consequences of all their actions, but
choose to ignore them, Perhaps the worst
offenders in this sin of doublethInk are
we, the engineers and scientists,'
responsible for the ultimate creation of
these tools of destruction. We constitute
the largest cog in the military machine
and therefore carry the most blame for our
own demise.
Where would the world be without
men like Einstein. von Braun, Sacarov or
Fermi, all peaceful men, yet all
contributors to the technology which now
threatens the life of this planet?
Such people are easily used by the
military who simply fund the research
work and stand back to reap the
technological profits from these men
insatiable for knowledge.
Money is of no question and sums in
the order of trillions of dollar are
lavished to maintain a technological edge.
Lucrative contracts are snapped up by
military suppliers who care not about the
final use of the product, but only the
money which rolls in constantly, The
entire electronics industry would suffer
huge setbacks in the United States
without such funding. As a consequence
parts of the civilian market have all but
been abandoned to the Japanese by
domestic manufacturers. A trip to the
local stereo shop provides us with one
example of this trend.
Many prestigious projects owe their
sole survival to military support such as
the ultra high speed integrated circuit
technologies now being developed. The
sad thing is that all these impressive
projects employ a large portion of the
engineers on this continent. We use our
creative skills not to produce beneficial
things for humanity, rather, we create the
gun with which we will eventually shoot
ourselves.
It can be argued that most major
technologies have been developed in the
cause of warfare. Jets, rockets, the
perfection of the aeroplane, atomic power
and countless other now peaceful
endeavours owe everything to war
development. I
Engineers have always made quantum
jumps while designing under the pressure
of imminent defeat or victory. The time
has come, however, when we must put a
stop to this suicidal cycle. Why can't we
use our creative powers constructively
in tead of destructively? The code of
ethics which is so often touted by
engineers is a farce compared to the
responsibility we face at this moment. It
is time to take po itive action and most of
all, it' a time to wake up to reality and
THINK!!
Reprinted from a letter to the editor of
Engineering Dimensions, the official
journal of the APEO.
Lack of
Preparation
Leads to War
Member Nethercot, in his leiter printed
in the July/August issue on the topic of
weapon systems, made an astounding
appeal for unilateral disarmament,
He would have done better to have
followed his own advice to research the
subject and to assemble as much data as
possible before drawing his conclusions.
Had he done so in depth he should
have realized that it was policies such as
he is propounding that resulted in a total
lack of preparedness in 1939, in the
Chamberlain "peace in our time"
self-delusion, and in the devastation of
World War II .
He might also have learned that
cruise missiles are not new. They are a
development from the buzz-bombs of
World War II. Russia has had these
weapons in large numbers since 1961 .
The U.S. version has the ability to
deliver conventional munitions with
precise accuracy and will go far toward
offsetting the Warsaw Pact's superiority
in conventional 'arms. It will therefore
reduce ,NATO's dependence on use of
nuclear weapons to counter a
conventional attack. The risk of a
nuclear exchange is thus reduced.
I would suggest therefore that we in
the western world have"a"duty to be
_. prepared. Russia had tnade no pretence
o{its intentions. Engineers in Ontario
- and indeed throughout the western
sphere - have a duty to themselves, to
their countri es and to future generations
to help keep our nations strong.
Thus we may achieve the capability
we lacked in 1939 and may better be
able to avert World War LIt.
S. Roddick mith, P. Eng.
Kemptville, Ontario
Defense Research at U.W.
by Jeff Endenburg
Professor Y,L. Chow, of the Univer-
sity of Waterloo Department of Electrical
Engineering. is currently involved in two
defense-related research projects in the
area of communications, Both of these
projects deal with the improvement of spe-
cific satellite to aircraft communication
using some relatively new concepts in
air'. raft antenna systems,
One project is centred on what is called
a microwave patch antenna, This is a nar-
rowband antenna intended for discrete
satellite to aircraft communications. It is
compnsed of approximately one to two
thousand ' patches' each consisting of a
layer of semiconductor material mounted
on a copper ground plane. The patches are
arranged in a rectangular array and are
interconnected in such a way that they can
be scanned at a very high speed.
The idea for this type of antenna first
surfaced as many as thirty years ago, but
has, until now, been plagued by a number
of problems. First of all, the large number
of patches requires a large amount of space
and a very intricate interconnection pat-
tern. Secondly, the fact that each patch
requires up to ten PIN diodes which must
operate at frequencies in the twenty to
forty GHz r n g ~ results in quite a large
expense.
Professor Chow and his colleagues.
however, believe they have found two sub-
stantial improvements over the old idea.
One is to use a dielectric "microwave
lens" to 'focus' the microwaves on only a
single row of patches, thu reducing the
overall size of the antenna and reducing
the complexity of the interconnection pat-
tern. The net result is that only one PIN
diode per patch is needed to perform the
necessary witching. The other major
improvement is the u e of electronic
switching along the row of patches while
allowing mechanical movement along the
other perpendicular direction. This allows
the antenna to 'track' the satellite as the
aircraft banks.
This project is a joint venture with the
University of Manitoba, working mainly
on the microwave patches, the intercon-
nection patterns, Til-Tek Limited of
Kemptville, developing the PIN diodes,
tracking schemes and computer control
aspect, and U of W, which is working on
the microwave lens.
Professor Chow's second research proj-
ect deals with a broadband antenna sys
tern. In simple terms, this antenna is
analogous to a dipole antenna (eg. FM
dipole antenna commonly used on stereo
receivers) except that the dipole effect is
realized using specially cut channels in the
aircraft's fuselage. A broadband antenna
would be used mainly for 'listening' pur-
poses, that is, for receiving other transmis-
sions.
Both of these projects are funded' by
the Canadian government.
Professor Chow sees his work as being
not only relevant to Canada's involvement
with NATO. but also as applicable to gen-
eral civilian uses.
November 24, 1983
IRON WARRIOR
Page 9
Video Games and Heavy Metal
Human Factors Conference
in Hamilton
by Dave Hudson
If nothing else, the meeting of the
Human Factors Association of Canada on
October 29 in Hamilton served to high-
light the range and immediacy of the
fields that human factors encompass.
Papers presented on behalf of students,
professors and industry covered topics
varying from motivational psychology to
workplace ergonomics.
Video Games
ears (tonitis) are the usual results of expo-
sure to excessive sound levels.
Repeated or long term exposure can pro-
duce permanent threshold shifts.
A paper by Andrew McKay and David
Thompson, engineering students at the
University of Toronto, proposed a scale
for test evaluation of video games. The ten
billion dollar video game market is cur-
rently catered to in an hit-and-miss manner
by the leading manufacturers.
The substantial losses by Atari this
year attest to this. McKay and Thompson
have devised a ., Subjective Satisfaction"
rating system for the games. They suggest
that this would allow manufacturers to
asses a game's potential at the prototype
stage without risking market failure.
Stuart found that although temporary
shifts were inevitable with the bands play-
ing at 100 to 120 Db, the severity of the
shifts could be reduced. At 4kHz, the fre-
quency of most speech sounds, temporary
hearing loss could be reduced by 14 dB if
the band paused for five minute in every
half hour of play rather than playing con-
stantly - in some cases this reduces the
usual temporary loss by half. He noted
that any given band member's resistance
to ear protection was greatly proportional
to level of permanent hearitfg loss already
suffered. This was also true of lower vol-
ume settings. Stuart suggests this ironic
pattern of self-destruction could be con-
trolled by incorporating frequent rest
breaks into a performance.
Musicians in bands like AC/DC can reduce hearing los by
every half hour.
m are-evatuated on control layout and
function, story line , graphics and Ie e . 6
difficulty.
Heavy Metal
According to Jeff Stuart of the Uni-
versity of Guelph, heavy metal musicians
could reduce the threat to their own hear-
ing without resorting to ear protection or
lower volume settings. A musician him-
self, he studied the hearing of three heavy
metal bands and their practice and per-
formance habits. Temporary loss of hear-
ing (threshold shift) and ringing of the
Traffic Officers
Gerry Rabideau of the University of
Waterloo presented a paper detailing a
survey 0 an ian tra IC icers.
survey focussed on the officers' likeli-
hood of charging given violations, their
expectations for conviction and their per-
ception of the seriousness of violations
involved. Thi work was to help re olve
questions about the potential of a selec-
tive traffic code enforcement policy . This
is a system where certain violations
would be given special attention by the
police in order to reduce the incidence of
those violations.
The officers surveyed felt that their
best chances for conviction were for
speeding and running red lights. Accord-
ingly the officers reported that they would
charge these most often given that they
were observed.
One disturbing finding of the report
was that although careless driving was
ri u n
fic violations in question, it aJso ranked as
the least likely to be charged when
observed. This apparently is a result of
the perception that thc likelihood of con-
viction is very low for cureless dri ving
(n the decision of whether ur not til
charge, the officer includes u perception
of the seriousne:;ss of the violation and
whether or nol thc violator can be safely
apprehended high speed pursuits cnd
most ravourably only on television. In
addition, however, the officers also con-
sider the amount of lime and errort that
might be required to gel the conviction.
Finally they evaluate the prohability of
success in convicting. The officers weign
the biases of prosecutors, judges and
judicial process in general as well as the
inadequacies of the highway codes .
Wh th r or not an officer pull au
over for a violation is detennined as much
by the justice system that he represents as
the infraction that you may have made.
Tn all, some twenty other papers were
prl.!s nll.!d hy r of Ihl: Uni
vcrsitk., of Ci uel ph , "l'l)1ont\).
Wal'rloo, Simon Fraser and
'S, AI'S Duta , Rio AlgOln. the
Milles AI;Cidlllt PrcVl'ntiun Assoeiation
and the national Rcscardl Coun i l.
The IrHl'mutionat ('onfcrelKe on OCCUllli
tional will be held at the Iial
bourt Castle Inn , Toronto from the ,>ev
cnth to the I1Inth llf May .
FULL BITE
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160 University Ave. W #2
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hot dogs
fish & chips
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souvlaki
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$1.00 off any
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----------
50 off any
purchase over $2.50
Page 10 IRON WARRIOR
November 24, 1983
Programs Improve VLSI Design
Dr. David Roulston, electrical
engineering department, University of
Waterloo, is involved in the development
of two computer programs that will lead
to better designed, better performing
transistors and microchips .
The first program, B1POLE, devel-
oped by Dr. Roul ston over the past 12
years, has been used by a number of com-
pan ies and research facilities in Canada,
the United States, France, England, and
Japan to reduce the already miniature size
of silicon bipolar transistors, permitting
them to transmit more information or
more power at higher radio frequencies,
or to obtain faster operation of computer
chips at very low power levels.
BlPOLE helps the designer find better
ways to build the transistors themselves,
then helps to make the circuitry work
most efficientl y within a si ngle chip.
It has been used to test VLSI (Very
Large Scale Integration) devices - the
leading edge of technology for the com-
puters of the future, and to design transis-
tors for satellite applications - including
an advanced engineering study for
NASA.
The BIPOLE program analyzes the
electrical behaviour frequency
response, vol tage-current relations , and
swi tching characteristics - of individual
bipolar semiconductor devices. Dr.
Roulston says it is used to design device
before start ing the costly manufacturing
process, or to improve processes already
in existence. It is also a powerful research
tool used by Roulston to study the internal
physical behaviour of the device.
" If we cut down the time it takes for
an electric signal to cross the semi -
conductor by making the device smaller
or more efficient and if we can get the
semiconductor to transmit signals at
higher frequencies, we will be able to
building the actual chip - how well it
will perform.
It is an "interactive" system which
the chip de igner can sit at a com-
puter terminal and make a variety of
changes, and the program win incor-
porate them into a series of new designs
and show the effect of each change on the
final efficiency of the chip.
Silicon microchips are made up of
thousands, and sometimes hundreds of
thousands of tiny transistors or semi-
conductors. These are etched onto a
microchip in layers, photographically,
using a manufacturing technique called
.. mask i ng"; mask i ng permi ts thousands
of the electronic devices to be packed into
a space smaller than a fingernail .
"WATAND is used as a fast , conven-
ient tool by circuit designers," says Dr.
Roul ston. "Merging it with BlPOLE has
provided a very powerful system that
enables the final design of a chip to be
optimized before fabrication."
The two systems are being marketed
by UW's Office of Research and the
Waterloo Research Institute - the latter
is a research and consulting agency of the
university, providing contract research to
both industry and public agencies includ-
ing government departments . BIPOLE
and W A T AND can be bought or leased
on tape, or a user can operate from a ter-
minal connected with UW's computer,
from his or her office - elsewhere in
Canada, that is, or even in the United
States and Europe.
.. Every new outside user, every new
contract raises fresh problems which
require modifications to one or another of
the programs," say Dr. Roulston, " but
without the industrial interest there would
be no feedback and my research would
advance at a slower pace."
.. more information through a cir- -VALUABlE-COUPON-
CUlt, says Dr. Roulston.
The information scnt can be anything M OV IE
from signals travelling to and
from a space satellite to light detected
from a glass fibre (fibre and
ampliClcd as an electronic ignal , to the
digital signal s in computers.
The second program was the result of
a team effort headed by Dr. Peter Bryant
of UW's Computer Aided Design of
Devices and Circuits (CADDAC) group,
involving Drs. Jiri Vlach, Savvas Cham-
ber/ain. M.1. Elmasiry, Kishore Singhal ,
graduate student Martin Vlach, and Dr.
Roulston . It is call ed WATAND
(WATerloo Analysis 'N' Design), and it
is used to analyze the design of a l!()n1-
PICK UP MONDAY
RETURN FRIDAY
PROPER t.D. AND DEPOSIT REQUIRED
plete circuit (a network of semi - Parkdale Ptaza
conductors). When combined with the liIOEOoMOliIEHOUSE
BIPOLE program, one can use '0 0.00.00 -!.,. -:1
WATAND to tell in advance - prior to
---------
@!)
Eaton's Travel
Wishes You a
Happy Holiday
Season and a
Prosperous
New Year
Let Eaton's Travel Take Care of ALL YOUR TRAVELLING NEEDS
EATON'S TRAVEL in the South Campus Hall. Telephone 885- 1211
ext. 3188 or fall direct 886-0531 . Travel on your Eaton's Account!
Dr. Roul ston - a twelve year development of chip
design programs.
871 VICTORIA ST. N.
A Tribute to
Jimi Hendrix
Fire
Fri. Nov 25
Featuring guitar sensati
Tony Springer ! I I
J'Crazy Man
is Back"
Sat. Nov 26
Thurs. Dec. L - Minglewood ($3 cover)
Fri. Dec. 2 - Teenage Head ($5 cover - 2 for L for UW students)
Sat. Dec. 3 - River Street Band
a
November 24, 1983
IRON WARRIOR Page 1'1
The Cookbook Project:
ROM In-Circuit Emulator for the Apple II +
by Clinton Yourth
NOTE: This anicle wa written for the
advanced experimenter in mind. It is
assumed that the reader ha some knowl-
edge of microcomputer hardware. Useful
references are Ii ted at the end of the article
for the reader's convenience.
introduction
When it comes to hardware develop-
ment, most hobbyists are left with bread-
boarding the circuit, then spending hours
trying to debug it. With a microprocessor
based computer system, the problem of
design is increased significantly due to
hardware and software debugging. With-
out a doubt, one of the easiest methods of
debugging any microprocessor based sys-
tem is to use an in-circuit-emulator. Since
most emulator systems are dedicated to a
specific microprocessor " designing sys-
tems using different microprocessors can
become expensive. However, with one
simple circuit you can turn your Apple II +
into a host computer for software develop-
ment and emulation purposes. The
emulator allows you to test hardware and
software in a target system based on any 8-
bit microsystem.
operating description
The Apple II + ROM Emulator is
designed on one Apple prototype card. A
24 conductor ribbon cable connects the
ROM Emulator to the target system's
ROM 24 pin socket. Through Apple
software control the program under test
can be downloaded from the -Apple to the
target system. The emulator card also pro-
vides six controllable output TTL latches.
The e output latches can provide any func-
tion from resetting the target sy tern's
microprocessor after downloading. of
software, to resetting peripherals.
hardware description
In the circuit configuration provided, the
ROM Emulator can simulate 2716 and
2732 read only memories . The card con-
sists of eight I K x 4 RAM integrated cir-
cuits, (refer to Figure I), integrated cir-
cuits U I, U2, U3, U4, U5, U6, U7 AND
U8. This RAM configuration gives four
I K x 8 blocks of memory, but is used as
two 2K x 8 blocks under software control.
This mailbox memory can be accessed by
both target and Apple II + micro-
processors. The Apple 11+ computer can
read and write to this. memory in 2K
blocks. The full 4K can be accessed by
first switching in low 2K block and
downloading the software and then switch-
ing in the high 2K block and repeating the
downloading process. The high 2K block
of mailbox memory is being used for the
2K x 8 ROM emulation. The target sys-
tem can only read the infbrmation from the
mailbox memory; thus, the target system
sees the mailbox memory only as ROM.
The multiplexer circuit. refer 10 Figure
I - U9, UIO, UII and U12, is u ed 10
i olate the two sy tern's addres line from
the multiplexerthrough oftware, tlllly one
set of address lines will be connected to the
mailbox memory at a time.
The ROM Emulator use Iwo et of
data line buffers, UI4 and UI7 from Fig-
ure 1. These buffers are used to help
increase the TTL fanout and bug filtering,
The Apple II + data line take data to and
from the mailbox memory; thus, the buf-
fers are bi-directional. Since the target ys-
tern only reads from its data line the buf-
fers need only be uni -directional.
The last major block in the ROM
Emulator is the latching circuit, Ul6 in
Figure I . This block provides the multi-
plexer control signals and the user-defined
target system latches. The control signals,
generated through the latches, tell the mul-
tiplexer which microproce sor will be
using the mailbox memory and the amount
of memory being used. The Apple fI+ set
the output configuration into the mailbox
memory.
[n Figure I, U 15 and U 13 are used for
decoding output signals. from the Apple
11+ , and memory signal , from both sys-
tems, for correct operation, respectively.
software layout
The software that can be written for the
ROM Emulator card can be very exten-
sive; therefore, only a imple controlling
routine will be described in this article.
Since slots 0-3 and slot 7 are usually
re erved for main peripheral cards, the
ROM emulator can use slots 4, 5 or 6.
The address to enable the card in one of
the 3 sl ots are $COCO, $CODO and
E r i
hexidecimal notation). By writing to t is
address with a certain data byte, refer 10
Table I, the user can control which
microprocessor has control over the mail
box memory.
data
$F9
$FD
$FE
function
By writing this data byte to the
slot address the Apple ha
access to the low 2K shared
memory block using the
address range of $C800 to
$CFFF.
Thi data byte allows the
Apple to access the high 2K
shared memory block using
the same address block of
$C800 to $CFFF.
Using this data byte allows the
target system to use the 2K or
the full 4K memory block.
table 1: data byte functions
Figure I
Apple 11+ EPROM 2716 2732 - EMULATOR
1-
.. .,.
C : to cal;>le socket A : to Apple II + edge connectors *: to latch output connectors
Using the data from Table I and the slot
addre, of the ROM Emulalor, a , ample
se ion on ho\\ to u, e the card is de ' ribcd
below:
I. After using an a ' embler llf <.:ompilcr
locate the g>ncrated machine code, in
the Apple 11+ memory, in a location
that doe, not interfere with the urrent
memory mapping of the Apple 11+.
This generated code is the target sy,-
tern' program.
2. Get into the Apple 11 + monitor.
3. Type in Monitor I for a 2K emulat.iol1
process or Monitor 2 for a 4K emulatIOn
proces. We are assuming that the
ROM Emulator i in lot 4.
monitor 1: 2K emulation
COCO: FD (cr) "connects Apple to
high 2K block of mail-
box memory"
C800 "move target pro-
(????! !!!M (cr) gram, 2K into the ROM
Emulator"
???? - starting addre. 5,
in Apple memory, of a
2K target program
block.
!!!! - ending address,
in Apple memory, of a
2K target program
block.
COCO:F6 (cr ) "connects the target
system to the mailbox
memory and resets the
target system's micro"
NOTE: Lall, Figure J UI6 pin 9, should
be connected to the target system's micro
reset line. Assumption i' made that the
reset line is low enable.
. . . . . system is now emulating . . . ..
coco: FD (l:r) "stops emulation pro-
ces
MO ITOR 2: 4K EMULATION
OCO: F9 (cr) "connect Apple to 10"
2K block of mailbox
memory"
800(???'?!!!!M
(cr) "moves low 2K block
of target program into
mailbox memory"
OCO:FD ( ' r) "connects Apple to
high 2K block of mail-
box memory"
C800{????!!! !M
(cr) "moves high 2K bl,ock
of target program mto
mailbox memory"
COCO: F6 (cr) "connects target sy tern
to the mailbox memory
and resets that target
sy tern's micro"
..... system i now emulating .....
OCO:F9 (cr) "stops emulation pro-
cess"
The above listings are a sample of con-
trol commands for the ROM Emulator.
With a little more time, the user could
write an assembly program to automati-
cally control the card.
conclusion
Due to the affordability of the Apple
[( + computer the ROM Emulator was
designed with re pect to this system)., but
the Emulator will work just as well on
other systems, with some simple hardware
and software modifications.
I h,2pe you have enjoyed thi and
the ideas presented here; hopefully, \I will
inspire creative ideas of your own .
referen('es
l. A.K. & N.D. Bums, Micro processors and their Manufacturing
Appli cations . Edward Arnold Puh
2 R .M. Ba\\.'\\ III &. I- Stan. MK to l'WllpUIl:r SY'k'ms
neslgn, !'lIb , 19X]
M.S. t:lphld , MicrDprm:essor Ba"lo. Iluyden Puh . tl}77,
4. Apple Computer Inc, Apph: 1/ Rdl'fC'nn: Mum"II , II)IH .
24 ,:'11 ribhon)
cuhlc .
Prototype board J
Figure 2 EMULATOR CHIP LA YOUT l __ _ __I
THE
WHARF
RESTAURANT
FEATURING
11 VARIETIES OF FISH & CHIPS
(INCLUDING HALIBUT)
CLAM CHOWDER
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PARKDALE PLAZA WATERLOO
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.
Page 12 Iron Warrior
November 24, 1983
S art Card
Banking
Revolutionizes
by Peter Lash
In almost every wallet, there is acredit
card . And on almost every credit card,
there is a magnetic stripe. This stripe revo-
lutionized the banking industry in the
1970's, allowing banks to introduce elec-
tronic banking machines. Now the
magnetic-stripe c r ~ is being challenged
by a card with a built in brain - the 'smart
card'. The 'smart card' contains a micro-
processor and a memory chip embedded in
its plastic, giving the card computational
power as well as the ability to store data.
This enables the card to keep track of bank-
ing or retail transactions, improve person-
nel identification (in high security zones)
and keep government records such as your
driver's license or social insurance card. In
fact , the possibilities are virtually endless.
Unlike magnetic stripe cards, the smart
card is practically impossible to forge or to
use when stolen.
The smart card or 'carte a memoire'
was conceived in France in 1974 by a
young inventor named Roland C. Moreno.
The card was developed by him with the
bank industy in mind. He saw it as a pow-
erful replacement for the magnetic-stripe
card which could be used to apply for
loans, buy goods and keep track of per-
sonal records at the same time. The use of
credit cards, and cheque books could be
eliminated. Moreno persuaded several
banks and the French Postal Telephone
and Telegraph (PTT) administrat ion to
adopt his system. Wi th the PTT's approval
behind him, he succeeded in interesting
CII-Honeywell-Bull to help finance and ,
market his idea. By 1976, Honeywell-Bull
had introduced the 'CP-8 mart card' con-
taining a microprocessor and 8K of
PROM. Philps and Schlumberger were
oon to foll ow with their own version of
the smart card. In 1978, the French gov-
ernment decided to set up pilot projects
around the country allowing people to
shop, use public telephones and do their
banking with the cards. Currently there are
some 200,000 users in three French cities.
In 1979, AT&T, IBM and several com-
panies in California began introducing their
own smart cards. Once the Americans got
thei r hands on the cards, ideas and applica-
tions abounded. One idea was to automate
the buy-sell transaction by a broker at a
stock exchange, wi th the card initiating the
transaction, keeping records and thus
elimi nating error. In order to limi t coun-
terfeiti ng of food stamps, the U.S. food
stamp program could use the card by load-
ing it wit h an initial credit limit which
would diminish as purchases were made.
The U.S . defense department began using
the card for their Realtime Automated Per-
sonnelID ystem, and J.c. Penny has j ust
begun using the card for home banking
with their Fi rsthand home videotex ser-
vice.
Despite all its advantages there are
several reasons why the system has not yet
been impl emented. The fi rst is incompati-
Honeywell-Bull 's CP8 smart card con-
tains a microprocessor and 8K of PROM.
bil it y between different manufacturers
not something new. The International
Standards Organization says it won' t be
able to come up with complete standards
for smart cards until 1985. Another prob-
lem is the memory size. The existing card
systems have been used with only 8K of
memory; hardl y enough for a stock broker
to work a busy day at'the Toronto Stock
Exchange. But Honeywell-Bull says that
they could implement a 16K chip in the
card and Intel optimisticall y states that, in
about two years, they could fit their new
256K EPROM in a regular credit card. A
third problem in implementing this system
is acceptance by the banking community
which has just finished changing over to
the magnetic-stripe card system, at a
moderate cost. However, the security
benefits of the smart card may eventuall y
sway their opinion.
In five to ten years, this do-everythi ng
card will revol utionize the way we carry
on busi ness.
DEBATE
FINALS
Dr. Grahame Farquhar presented the
Sandford Fleming Debating Trophy to this
term' s winners, Paul Gosen and Dave
MacGuigan of 3B Chemical Engineering, at
the Annual Engineering Dinner on November
J 5th. Paul and Dave triumphed at the finals on
Friday, November 11th by successfully
opposing the resolution "If you have to ask,
you' ll never know
H
Runners-up were Ric
Dunda and Chris Omiecinski of 2B Systems
Design.
TEACHING
ASSISTANTSHIP
'AWARDS
1982-83 Academic
Year
CALL FOR
NOMINArlONS
TEACHING
ASSISTANTSHIP
AWARDS - FALL
.1983 TERM
Each class in each department and in First Year is
asked to select one of their current teaching assist-
ants as a candidate for the award, based on the
individual's performance and commitment to
teaching. Nominations received this term will be
collated with nomi nati ons from the W 184 and S/84
Terms for selection of an overall winner for each
department for the 1983/84 academic year.
Nomination forms are available from your Class
Rep or from the Engineering Society office.
For more information about the Foundation or
any of its programmes, pl ease contact:
The Sandford Fleming Foundation,
Room 4332,
Carl Pollock Hall.
Tel: 885-0910 or 885-1211 . ext. 3440
The following Teaching Assistants have been
selected as the winners of the Sandford Fleming
Foundation Teaching Assistantship Awards for the
year September 1982 to August 1983:
Hugh Ellis Civil Engineering .
Medhat Morcos Electrical Engineering
AI Blahey Mechanical Engineering
Bob Cho Systems Design Engineering
Jack Celej 1st Year""Englneerlng
The awards, which are intended to acknowledge
excellence in the work of Teaching Assistants, will
be presented at the Annual Engineering Dinner to
be held at the Bavarian Inn. El mira, on November
15th, 1983.