Laporan Praktikum Biokimia dan Kimia Organik

PROTEIN

Oleh: Nama NIM Kelas : Rahmat Darmawansyah : 1105105010013 : Selasa, 12.00 WIB

Kelompok : I (satu)

Mengetahui, Asisten

Darussalam, 22 September 2013 Praktikan

(Rahmat Darmawansyah)

I.

TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

Cells are the fundamental units of life. Whether they be unicellular or multicellular life forms, all living organisms are composed of and depend on cells to function normally. Scientists estimate that our bodies contain anywhere from 75 to 100 trillion cells. Cells do everything from providing structure and stability to providing energy and a means of reproduction for an organism. The following 10 facts about cells will provide you with well known and perhaps little known tidbits of information about cells (Bailey, 2003). Some cells are visible to the unaided eye. The smallest objects that the unaided human eye can see are about 0.1 mm long. That means that under the right conditions, you might be able to see an ameoba proteus, a human egg, and a paramecium without using magnification. A magnifying glass can help you to see them more clearly, but they will still look tiny. Smaller cells are easily visible under a light microscope. It's even possible to make out structures within the cell, such as the nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplasts. Light microscopes use a system of lenses to magnify an image. The power of a light microscope is limited by the wavelength of visible light, which is about 500 nm. The most powerful light microscopes can resolve bacteria but not viruses (Goodsell, 1998) Hydrilla verticillata leaves a large amount of plant cells clearly defined. The leaf has a dark bar in the center. It's edges are uneven with strong bit "thorns" at the end. The leaf surface is similar to onion epidermis, but the nuclei of cells in plant leaves are barely visible anyway. The cells appear to be aligned in columns that all go from one end of the blade at its end and tapering approaches. Some cells appear slightly darker than appears to have removed most of the blue stain that most of the others (Jonas, 1998).

II. PROSEDUR PERCOBAAN

A. Alat dan Bahan Alat-alat yang digunakan: 1. Mikroskop Biologi 2. Kaca benda dan kaca biologi 3. Tusuk gigi 4. Pinset Bahan-bahan yang digunakan: 1. Lugol (KI2) 2. Aquadest 3. Preparat (Gabus ubi, Hydrilla sp, Bawang merah, dan mukosa pipi) B. Skema Kerja Percobaan 1. Mengamati Sel Mati

Gabus ubi Dibuat sayatan melintang Diletakkan di atas kaca benda Ditutup dengan kaca penutup Diamati ( Hasil air

Percobaan 2. Mengamati Sel Tumbuhan

Percobaan 3. Mengamati Aliran Sitoplasma Percobaan 2. Mengamati Sel Hewan

III. PEMBAHASAN

Cells are the basic unit of all living things. All organs are made up of one or more cells. Cells are produced from other cells. All three of these statements come from the cell theory. Cells arise from stem cells and become specialized for distinct functions such as; contraction, conduction, secretion, absorption, and protection. Cell

specialization is also known as cell differentiation. All cells have a few things in common. For example: Cell membrane, DNA, cytoplasm, and ribosomes. Cell shapes vary greatly. They include spheres, cubes, flat, column, and doughnut shaped cells. Some cells are long and narrow, such as neurons. Other cells are wide and short like erythrocytes. Some cells are enclosed in a rigid cell wall, while others have a flexible cell membrane or none at all. Plant and animal cells have several differences and similarities. The main difference between plants and animal cells is that plants have a cell wall and plasma membrane made up of cellulose, while animal cells have only a cell wall. Secondly, plant cells have chloroplasts for making their own food while animal cells lack, because they depend on ready made food. In relation to their shapes, plant cells have regular shape, while animal cells are irregular in shape. Plant and animal cells are similar in that they both have a nucleus which contains chromosomes. In both cells this nucleus is protected by a watery liquid called cytoplasm. Mucous (cheek) cells are animal cells but hydrilla cells are plant cells. The main difference between them is there plant cells have chloroplasts and cellulose cell walls and a large central sap vacuole to hold amino acids, mineral salts and sugars, but animal cells only have small vacuoles carrying dissolved food substances temporarily. Also, animal cells have a pair of centrioles, which is believed to aid in cell division. The similarities that they share is that they have a nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and Golgi Apparatus.

Nb: Soal pembahasan diberikan oleh asisten masing-masing.

Pembahasan diatas misalnya berasal dari pertanyaan: 1. What are the fundamental functions of cell? 2. Give some difference and similarities between plant and animal cell! 3. What are the differences and similarities between mucous cell and Hydrilla cell? IV. KESIMPULAN

This research has shown that: 1. Mucous (cheek) cells are animal cells but Hydrilla and onion cells are plant cells. 2. The plant cells have chloroplasts and cellulose cell walls, but mucose cell is not. 3. Etc. 4. Etc. 5. Etc.

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Bailey, R. 2003. 10 Facts About Cell. [http://biology.about.com., diakses tanggal 06 September 2013]. Goodsell, D.S. 1998. Cell Size and Scale. Salt Lake City: The University of Utah. Jonas, J. 1998. Hydrilla Leaf Cells. New York: Magicalnews.

LAMPIRAN

1. Sel Gabus

2. Sel Bawang Merah

3. Sel Hydrilla sp

4. Sel Mukosa