AIRLAW CONDENSED FOR GLIDER & PRIVATE PILOTS DEFINITIONS AIC - aeronatical information circular Relates to flight safety,

air nav, technical, administration or legislative matters. Alternate aerodrome An aerodrome to which an aircraft may proceed when impossible or inadvisable to proceed to or land at the originally attended aerodrome. (includes take-off alternate, en-route alternate and destination alternate aerodrome) AIP - aeronatical information publication Publication of a lasting charatcter, essential to air navigation. AIP Supplement Temporary changes to info contained in the AIP. Notam Notice containing info concerning establishment or condition of or change in aeronautical facility, service, procedure or hazard. Temporary or permanent. Cloud ceiling: Height of base of cloud above the surface, below 20,000 ft, covering more than half the sky. CTA - Control Area Controlled airspace extending upwards from a specified height, without an upper limit, unless specified. TMA - Terminal Control Area Control area established at the confluence of air traffic service routes in the vicinity of one or more major aerodromes. CTR - Control Zone Controlled airspace extending from the surface upwards from the surface to a specified upper limit. For the protection of IFR traffic. ATZ - Aerodrome Traffic ZoneCircuit area around an airfield with a radius of up to 15km.

VFR: Visula flight rules. Special VFR: VFR flight authorised by ATC to fly within a control zone under meteorological conditions below VMC. IFR: Instrument flight rules. VMC: Atmospheric conditions which allow VFR flights. IMC: Atmospheric conditions which allow IFR flights only. Night: 15 Minutes after sunset to 15 minutes before sunrise. Day: 15 Minutes before sunrise to 15 minutes after sunset. Flight time: Time from the moment aircraft begins to move under its own untill it comes to a stop after the flight. Nautical Mile - 1 852 metres

LICENSING VALIDITY GPL validity - 24 months, then flight test PPL validity Student Pilot: Without radio licence - 3 months With radio license - 12 months Licensed Pilot : Under 40 years of age - 24 months Over 40 years of age - 12 months Instrument rated pilot - 12 months Minimum of 3 hours solo flight per annum TUG PILOT RATING REQUIREMENTS Valid PPL Valid tug pilot rating / Commercial Pilot rating 60 Hours pilot in command Signed off by grade I or II instructor MEDICAL CERTIFICATE VALIDITY Class 2 (PPL & Gliders) Under 40 years: 24 months 40 Yrs and older: 12 months Class 4 (Gliders) Under 40 years: 60 calendar months. 40 Years and older: 36 calendar months. Annual submission of medical declaration to designated body or institution (SACATS-MR) PRIVILEGES OF AND LIMITATIONS ON LICENSE HOLDERS Student pilots (PPL + GPL) May fly solo for purposes of training: In the type in which training is taking place After being authorised and while under supervision Without carrying passengers Must hold a valid restricted radio telephony license In VMC by day Must carry on himself his student training log Must hold a valid appropriate class medical certificate Must be authorised by an instructor

GPL Pilots May not fly for reward Must carry on himself a valid GPL card

Private Pilots Not for reward: Act as pilot-in-command and carry passengers. Act as co-pilot in any aircraft on which a co-pilot is not a requirement. Act as co-pilot on any aircraft on which a co-pilot is required, providing he is the holder of the appropriate type rating. Act as pilot -in-command of a tug aircraft on condition that he holds a tug pilot rating. Act as pilot-in-command of of an aircraft flying IFR or in IMC conditions if he holds an instrument rating; or is authorised by ATC in a CTZ if conditions are below VFR minima, but in sight of the surface and clear of fog, cloud or mist. Fly at night only if in posession of a valid night rating DOCUMENTATION TO BE CARRIED ON BOARD Certificate of registration Certificate of airworthiness GPL card / PPL Aiircraft flight manual Aircraft radio station license FILING OF A FLIGHT PLAN File with appropriate air traffic service unit When is it necessary to file a flight plan? All flights conducted in controlled or advisory airspace An international flight All flights undertaken in terms of a class I or class II license A flight for which alerting action is required When is it not necessary to file a flight plan? A local flight A flight crossing an airway or advisory route at right angles A VFR flight entering or departing from an ATZ or CTZ from or to an unmanned aerodrome and where no other or advisory airspace wil be entered during the flight At least 30 minutes before departure In flight: at least 10 minutes before entering controlled or advisory airspace Automatic cancellation: failure to activate within 1 hour of original estimated time of departure. Closure: upon landing at destination airfield which is controlled; a.s.a.p. after landing at uncontrolled destination Reporting of Deviation from flight plan: 5% variation of airspeed ETA variance in excess of 3 minutes

Deviation in altitude and track to be corrected immediately

A flight plan must contain the following information: Aircraft identification and transponder data Flight rules and type of flight Type of aircraft and wake turbulence category Radio, nav and approach aid equipment Departure aerodrome and time FIR boundaries and estimated times Cruising speed and flight level Route to be followed Destination aerodrome and ETA Alternate aerodrome(s) Alerting action required Fuel endurance Total number od persons on board Emergency and survival equipment and colour of aircraft Other perinent information Name, postal address, telephone and fax number of owner or operator of teh aircraft MANDATORY VFR INSTRUMENTS Magnetic compass Accurate timepiece showing time in hours, minutes and seconds Sensitive pressure altimeter with subscale setting, adjustable for any barometric setting likely to be encountered during flight Airspeed Indicator STANDARD FIRST AID KIT Aircraft must carry on board a standard first aid kit as prescribed. SUPPLEMANTAL OXYGEN ALTITUDE 10,000 - 12,000 ft Above 12,000 ft DURATION 120 minutes max Must carry oxygen

RIGHT OF WAY Avoid passing over, under or crossing the path in front of another aircraft. Two aircraft approaching head-on: Both alter heading to the right. Two converging aircraft: give way to glider on your right. Overtake on the right.

FOLLOWING LINE FEATURES BELOW 1500 ft, within 1nm Fly to the right of coastline, railway line, canal, other features. AIRCRAFT SPEED Outside controlled airspace and below FL100: max 150 Knots CTZ or ATZ: 120 Knots for reciprocating engines; 200 Knots for turbine engines LIGHTS TO BE DISPLAYED Left: red; 110 degrees Right: green; 110 degrees Tail: white; 140 degress TAXI RULES Right of way: Landing & taking off aircraft Vehicle towing aircraft Aircraft have right of way above vehicles not towing aircraft Vehicles to keep right on taxiway, as far as practicable. OPERATION IN THE VICINITY OF AN AERODROME Observe other traffic to avoid collision. Conform to or avoid traffic pattern formed by other aircraft. Make all turns to the left when approaching for landing, unless otherwise notified. Land and take off into wind as far as practicable. Fly over the aerodrome at not less than 2000 feet agl Taxi in accordance with the ground control procedures of an aerodrome. If radio failure, follow traffic pattern in circuit and observe. SIGNALS Distress: Urgency: Warning: MAYDAY Repeated switching on and off of landing lights or nav lights. PAN, PAN. projectiles fired at 10 second intervals, with bursting green and red lights or stars.

Aerodrome traffic signals: Steady green: cleared to lnd or take off.

Steady red: stop if on ground and give way to other aircraft and continue circling if in the air. Series of green flashes: return for landing if airborne or cleared to taxi. Series of red flashes: Series of white flashes: Aerodrome unsafe, do not land (airborne) Taxi clear of landing area (on ground) Land at this aerodrome & proceed to apron. Return to starting point on serrodrome.

Steady red on final approach: Do not land for the time being. Visual ground signals: Prohibition of landing: Special precaution: red square with yellow cross. red square with diagonal yellow line.

Closed runways and taxiways: yellow or white cross. Direction for landing or taking off: Orange T. REPORTING POSITIONS Mandatory when flying in controlled airspace; advisory airspace; flight on which alerting action is being provided. Position, time and level of reporting point. MANDATORY RADIO COMMUNICATION IN CONTROLLED AIRSPACE Contact relvant ATSU before entering controlled airspace. Use designated frequency. Maintain continuous radio watch. Radio failure: If flight plan filed, continue, but transmit blind. VISUAL FLIGHT RULES Visual reference to the surface by day and identifiable objects by night Above max 3/8 clouds within 5nm radius Flight visibility: 5km Distance from cloud: Horizontally - 2000ft Vertically - 500ft SPECIAL VFR Visibility - 1500 ft

Ceiling - 600ft

HEIGHT RESTRICTIONS Built-up areas: 1000ft above highest obstacle within 2000ft radius. Outside built up area: 500ft, unless safe. Cicling above or repeatedly fly over assembly of persons: 3000ft agl.

SEMI-CIRCULAR RULE 0 - 179 : Odds plus 500ft (beginning at level 15) 180 - 359 : Evens plus 500ft (beginning at level 25)

ALTIMETER SETTINGS Transition altitude: VMC 2000ft AGL (change from local QNH to 1013hPa) Transition level: VMC 3000ft AGL (change from 1013hPa to local QNH). Within 25nm of airfield FUEL AND OIL SUPPLY Amount of usable fuel remaining must be enough to proceed to an aerodrome. Contingency fuel: Either of: 5% of planned trip fuel 3% of planned trip fuel Sufficient fuel for 20 minutes flying time based on planned trip fuel consumption. NOTIFICATION OF ACCIDENTS AND INCIDENTS Accidents - asap: Commisioner, Air trffic service unit, or Nearest police station Incidents - asap: Commisioner Air traffic service unit