NEWS LETTER OF

ARMARC
FEB -2009 Vol 1.80
Editorial: spiritually active, intellectually active, or materially ac-
The life of urban world is moving on fast track tive. Everyone has different body structure and differ-
of development and everyone seems to be worried ent daily habits, hence standard ideal diet for all people
about their carriers only than anything else. In this ‘horse- in general cannot be formed. Various factors affecting
race’ of carrier and professionalism people do not care the person’s specific constitutional characteristics may
about the priorities of health in usual cases. However, it be as:
is true that health is the most precious thing what the · The natural quality of food and its nutrients’
nature has provided and definitely diet and its pattern enrichment
along with nature matters a lot for maintenance of health.
Number of experts regarding the diet pattern is coming · Alterations of these natural qualities
ahead with statements to solve this problem, but their
· Quantity of food intake
main concentration is towards the physical health. Here
again Ayurveda come with solution of everything and · Difference of food intake at indivisual level
off course keeping the diet habit and its pattern in core.
· Combination of foods
It talks about body, mind, and consciousness all to-
gether for reasons to make anyone healthy. Automati- · Climate and season conditions of food
cally the best preventive medicine and support of the preparation
natural healing process come in form of a diet and lifestyle
specific to daily needs and in line with the seasons and · Taking natural or synthetic food in whole or
cycles of nature. as partial or strict
In Ayurveda food is not only a mixture of all the
Any improper diet may bring indigestion,
basic ingredients like proteins, vitamins, fats and car-
obesity, anorexia, hyperacidity, gastritis, gastric,
bohydrates, but it is something, which serves as a source
duodenal ulcers etc. so be careful and accept the reality
of energy for mind and soul. Food is considered to be
of your health. Anyway you are the best judge for
one of the most important aspects of Ayurveda as it
yourself.
provides the basic nutrients, which are necessary to carry
In This Issue
out the basic activities of digestion and metabolism.
Ayurveda has categorized personality traits into three 1) A HARMLESS CUP OF COFFEE
different kinds, based on the food habits the Satvic or 2) ROLE OF ASTHISAMHARI (CISSUS
spiritual quality, Rajasic or active quality, and Tamasic QUADRANGULARIS LINN.) IN
or material quality of the mind. These all are affected by ASTHIBHAGNA- A GENERAL STUDY
the food we eat. The combined and proper ratio of 3) KARNASHULA - CAUSES AND
TREATMENT.
these all things are necessary for any one in fast moving
4) Formulation Profile (Series-A/3)
competitive life to be successful. The activating Rajasic ASTASHATO ARISHTA
quality may dominate or combine with the other two 5) Herbal Drug Profile (Series-A/4)
qualities to form different mental tendencies in man like PARNABEEJA
 Newsletter of ARMARC
“A HARMLESS CUP OF COFFEE’’
Dr Nagendra Kumar B C PG Schloar
Dr Tarani Kantha Mohantha MD (ay) PhD
Dept. of Kayachikitsa,
ALN Rao Ayurvedic Medical College Koppa.
Around the world, everyday millions of people
wake-up to “Smell Coffee”. The smell, the taste, the
caffeine-lift and the association that coffee has, to the
good start of a day, sums up the “ultimate coffee
experience”.
Most of the people have a false belief that
“coffee is bad for health”, which is not totally right. There
is no conclusive evidence to suggest that a moderate
amount of coffee is bad for health.
“IN EXCESS NECTOR TURNS TO POISON”
Since years, the merits and de-merits of coffee
have been studied by scientists. The results of one paper
can never tell the whole story. Taken as a whole, the
results of thousands of investigations reveal that besides
its ill effects, coffee also has factors which contribute
towards good health.
There are many aspects of lifestyle and diet
(ex:-Smoking, Fast-food, Alcohol etc.), which when
misjudged and haphazardly taken will trigger and
intensify the ill effects of coffee and thus affect our health
and such factors are called as Confounding Factors.
COFFEE- AN ANTIOXIDANT:
Antioxidant is a substance that removes
potentially damaging oxidizing agents in a living
organism.
Many studies have implied that coffee contains
high levels of antioxidants compared to other commonly
consumed beverages. Though coffee is equally enjoyed
throughout the world, studies show that the antioxidant
activity is greatly influenced by the method of
preparation with reference to the ratio of the ingredients
used and the quantity intake.
A Comparative study between coffee, tea and
cocoa was conducted in Switzerland for their
antioxidant activity on a single serving basis. The
Researchers examined the effects on LDL1 oxidation
and confirmed the strong antioxidant properties of
2 FEB -2009
coffee and concluded that coffee was four times more
effective than tea. “Comparison of antioxidant activity
of commonly consumed polyphenolic2 beverages
(coffee, cocoa, tea)”
Duration in
700
600
500
400
With water
300 With milk
200
100
0
TEA COCOA COFFEE
M
“Antioxidant Activity of Tea, Cocoa, and Coffee with
and Without Milk’’
The study showed that each cup of roasted
coffee had a large amount of antioxidant polyphenols
which do not get diminished by adding milk or by
decaffeination.
US Scientist working on this topic quotes,”It is
interesting that most people consider herbal tea as
healthful and coffee as potentially hazardous to health.
But this work suggests that with respect to antioxidant
activity, the opposite may be true”.
Coffee beans are known to contain hundreds
of compounds that may help to deal with some of the
most prevalent diseases of our time. Several of these
compounds contribute to the antioxidant defense system
in the body and these latest findings help to confirm
some of the significant health benefits that coffee can
offer.
NOTE:-
1) LDL:-Low Density Lipoprotein.
2) Number of polyphenols are antioxidant. For human
health, these compounds numbering over 4000 distinct
types are thought to be instrumental in a combating
oxidative stress, a syndrome causative of some
neurodegenerative diseases and some cardio vascular
diseases.
 Newsletter of ARMARC
ROLE OF ASTHISAMHARI (CISSUS QUADRANGULARIS LINN.) IN ASTHIBHAGNA- A
GENERAL STUDY
Dr.Pallavi Varshney PG scholar
Dr. Jayakrishnan G Nair P.G.Scholar
A.L.N.Rao Memorial Ayurvedic Medical College Koppa.
Introduction:
From Pre-historic to the Vedic period, we can
see several kinds of techniques to reduce and promote
healing of dislocations and fractures. Ashwini kumar
had profound knowledge of Madhu vidya and
Sandhana vidya. By analysing this we are able to
understand that he was well versed in organ
transplantation, plastic surgery and healing techniques.
We come across many references when we
go through Charaka as well as Sushruta Samhita.
Detailed description about sandhimukta (dislocations)
and kandabhagna(fractures) can be seen in Sushruta
Samhita in a separate chapter. As per Sushruta,
fractures are 9 in number. They are karkata,
ashwakarna, churnita, picchita, asthichallika,
majjanugata, atipatita, vakra and sphutitha. Dislocations
are 6 in number- utpishta, vishlishta, vivartita,
avakshipata, atikshipta and tiryakakshipta.
In classics many individual drugs and
formulations drugs such as laksha, panchavalkala,
asthishrinkhala, hen’s egg, goats milk.etc. are mentioned
for tackling the signs and symptoms of fractures and
dislocations very effectively. Research studies have
been conducted with Asthishrinkhala and was found
that it was very efficacious in relieving the complaints
of bhagna.
In Ayurveda asthi is formed from bhutas such
as prithvi, agni and vayu.
Prithviagnianiladinam sanghato su ushmanakruta,
Karatvam prakaarotsya jayate asthi tado nranam
(S.Sha.)
Here Prithvi dhatu helps in promoting weight
and strenghth of the bones and Agni dhatu helps in the
proper nourishment. Vayu promotes enough space for
the growth of the body and also lightness.
3 FEB - 2009
Prof .H R Pradip, Dept.of DravyaGuna
Prof. R.R Mishra Dept.of Kayachikitsa
Relationship between Asthi and Vayu-
Tatrasthanistadovayu pittam tu swedaraktayo
shlesheshu shleshma tasmat ek vriddhikshaya
karanatvam, na tu evam asthi vayu.
Seat of vata is in the asthi but they are inversely
related so Vatala ahara and vihara will lead to Asthi
kshaya hence Brimhana treatment should be given.
Asthibhagna (fracture )- In the modern concept
fracture can be defined as the discontinuity of the bone
due to violence. Ayurveda also explained different types
of fractures, signs and symptoms of fractures, prognosis
and its effective management. Acharya told the general
causes of Asthivaha sroto dushti such as over exertion,
trauma, food and regimen that aggravates vata.
Asthibhagna will cause Asthi kshaya; the aetiology of
Asthi kshaya can be given by –
(a) Endogenous (Nija)- (i) Due to the reduced
formation of nutrient tissue (Rasa dhatu). Here the
intake vatala ahara and vihara as well as the foods which
contain less amount of calcium, phosphorus, minerals
etc.can be considered. These are malnutritious so that
the rasa dhatu is not properly formed that leads to asthi
kshaya.
(ii) Hyperactivity of asthi dhatwagni (asthi dhatwagni
ati tikshnata) ’! Leads to increased transformation of
bone’! Resulting in depletion of bone tissue’! Leads to
fracture
(iii) Hypoactivity of Asthi dhatwagni (Asthi dhatwagni
mandya ) leads to reduced metabolic activity of the
bone tissue which results in the abnormal increase of
the bone tissues
(iii) Hypoactivity of fat tissue (medo dhatwagni mandya)
- From medas asthi is formed ( mamsa medo tato
asth) medodhatwagni mandya leads to increased
formation of medas which inturn alters the formation of
asthi dhatu.
 Newsletter of ARMARC 4 FEB -2009
(iv)Diminished bone marrow (majja dhatu kshaya ) DRUG DESCRIPTION-
(b) Exogenous i.e. trauma leads to improper trabecular
remodeling leading to fracture
Management –
sandhano bhagnasya - S.Sam
sandhanaya bhagna samyojanaya hitham
sandhaneeyam Sa
Sandhaneeya means the drug which unites the broken
,mamsa sirasnayu etc.In fractures predominantly
kashaya as well as tikta rasa pradhana drugs should be
given . In Ayurveda it is told that for sandhaniya karma
the drugs which are having the sandhaniya property
are an adjuvant factor helpful in the process of healing
Botanical name- Cissus quadrangularis
vranam kashaya sandhatte –according to Sushruta
linn.syn.Vitis quadrangularis linn.
Asthishrinkhala that is kashaya rasa pradhana helps in Family – Vitaceae Kula –Draksha kula
cleaning the surface of the wounds and causes the Synonyms - Asthishrinkhala ,Vajraavalli,
constriction of the vessels and contraction of the Asthisamhari, Granthimana ,Vajrangi , Kandavalli ,
muscles and other tissues, bringing them together . The Asthisamyojaka
vayu mahabhuta will make it more strong by its ruksha Vernacular names:
and laghu guna .Asthishrinkhala posseses laghu and Bengali - Harbhanga ,Horjora
ruksha gunas which definitely act as per the above . In English - Edible stemmed vine, Adamant creeper
Agantuja vrana caused due to Bahya hetus(trauma) the Hindi – Hadjod ,Hadjora
pitta will get aggravated with vata.so pittahara as well Kannada – Mangarahalli
as vata shamana treatment should be given initially Malayalam – Cannalamparanta
Since the virya of asthishrinkhala is sheeta so as per Oriya - Hadabhanga
classics- Tamil – Piranti , Vajravalli
sarvasmin eva agantuja vrane vranoshma Telugu – Nalleru, Nulleratiga.
prsratasya upshamanartha pittharaa kriya Pharmacological Properties-
(Susruta) Rasa – kashaya, katu
When we consider the vipaka of the drug it is madhura Guna – laghu, ruksha
which definitely helps in sandhaniya and brimhana Virya – sheeta
karma, i.e. as per classics pavanetu brimhana Vipaka – madhura (B.P.N, M.N, N.A )
langhanapyama,vriddhikshaya uplakshayeta (A.S) Katu (S.N., Sh.N )
Other folk uses of the swarasa of Asthishrinkhala- Doshaghnata – Kaphavatashamaka
(i) Along with rasnadi churna externally in fracture Pharmacognosy – Fresh stem is thick, fleshy,
(ii) Along with murrivenna externally for any fracture succulent, quadrangular with acutely 4- angled or 4
(iii) Along with hens egg externally in fracture. winged internodes and contracted nodes; fracture is
(iv) with laksha swarasa can be given internally and short and fractured surface is greenish yellow in
colour .
externally
Odour – distinct
(v)With goats milk internally
Taste – acrid
 Newsletter of ARMARC
Microscopic – Transection of the internode shows 4-
angled outline .Epidermis consists of single row of cells
covered with thick cuticle and tubular cells.Numerous
stomata are found on the epidermis.Cortex composed
of several layers of thin walled parenchyma cells. Outer
cells show formation of radial walls,some cells contain
chloroplasts or starch grains.Embedded in the cortex
are some secretory cells.Internal to epidermis 3-4 lay-
ers of sclerenchymatous cells are seen,next to which
are 3-4 layers of rectangular cells.Phellogen arises in
the sub- epidermal layer .Collenchyma occurs as dis-
crete strands,vascular bundles are collateral, open and
arranged in a ring around the central pith .Studies of
powder showed numerous starch grains that are simple
, elliptical . Raphides ,fragments of lignified fibres, sto-
mata are also seen.
Chemical constituents
Plant contains calcium oxalate, carotene
,ascorbic acid,3-ketsteroid, triterpenoid-7-oxo-
onocer-8-ene-3ß,21 ¹ -diol, heptadecyl
octadecanoate, icosanyl icosanoate,taraxeryl acetate ,
ß-sitosterol and vitamin C
Analysis of the air dried plant gave moisture
13.1%,protein 1%, fibre 15.6 %, carbohydrates
36.6%,ash 18.2%,mucilages and pectin 1.2%.plant is
remarkably rich in vitamin c concentrated in the leaves
and fresh juice. The ash contains sodium,
potassium,magnesium.
Drug analysis - Alkaloids –absent
Saponins -present
Flavanoids –present
Tannins –presentsugars –present
Sterols –present
Karma- stambhana, sandhaniya, deepana, pachana,
raktashadhaka, vrishya
Dose- 10-20 ml.
Formulations and preparations- Asthisamhari taila,
Lakshaguggula Asthisamharadi churna, Dasyadi
kwatha, Darvi kwatha.
Propagation and cultivation –Cultivated in gardens
,generally propagated by stem cuttings.
5 FEB -2009
KARNASHULA - CAUSES AND
TREATMENT
Dr Subrat Kumar Nayak.
Head of Department of Shalakya Tantra
S.V.M. Ayurveda Medical College, Ilkal
The ear is a very sensitive structure. The ear is
coming under shravanediya, one of pancha jnanendriya,
which helps us in perceiving the sound. Anatomically
the ear is divided into three parts, the external ear, the
middle ear and the internal ear. Out of 28 diseases of
ear in Ayurveda, Karnashula or pain in the ear is a very
common condition most often the time we come across.
The pain in the ear makes the patient very uncomfortable
and the pain may increase on lying down position due
to increased blood supply to the ear in the recumbent
position.
CAUSES OF KARNASHULA –
According to Ayurveda Karnashula is caused by
vitiation of Vata dosha along with Kapha, Pitta and
Rakta dosha when the patient takes Mithya ahara and
vihara. In such condition the patient gets severe pain in
the ear, which becomes very difficult to treat.
According to modern medical science the earache
is caused by the following causes.
EXTERNAL EAR- Wax- Common cause, Otitis
externa, Furunculosis, Fungus, Foreign body, Trauma,
Tumers
MIDDLE EAR- Eustichian catarrh- Common cause,
Acute otitis media, Acute mastoiditis, Complication of
otitis media, Trauma, Baro trauma and tumers
COMMON CAUSES OF REFERRED PAIN TO
EAR: Dental , Post tonsillectomy pain, Malignancy in
oral cavity , Pharynx and larynx, Quincy, Cervical
spondylosis, Tempromandibular joint arthritis.
TREATMENT :
Karnashula should be treated very carefully. Before
starting the treatment a thorough examination of the ear
is done and proper cause is found out. Besides the
examination of the ear other structures like nose, Para
nasal sinuses, oral cavity and larynx should be examined
properly.
 Newsletter of ARMARC 6 FEB -2009
In Ayurveda, for Karna shula different treatment procedures are mentioned.
♦ The juice of ginger, Honey, Saindhava Lavan and Mustard oil are taken in a vessel and mixed properly
and applied light heat put in the ear in Luke warm condition.
♦ Luke warm liquid of juice of Garlic, Ginger, Bark of Sigru, The root of Varuni and the juice of Banana
put in the ear and decreases pain.
♦ The bark of Bamboo tree is mixed with goat’s urine and ghee is mixed with it and heat is applied and
such liquid is put in the ear in Luke warm condition. The juice of Kappitha, Matulunga, and Ginger is
put in the ear in Luke warm condition decreases pain.
♦ The powder of Samudraphena dusted in the ear.
♦ Luke warm urine of any urine of Asta Mutra group relieves pain in the ear.
♦ Saindhava lavana mixed with Goat’s urine and put in the ear in Luke warm stage.
♦ Shiro vasti with Bala taila
♦ Some oral medicines Yogaraj Guggul, Rasnadi Guggul, Vata Ganjankush Ras, Vata Gajendrasingh
Ras.
♦ Ear Drops Syenaka Taila, Hingwadi Taila, Apamarga Taila, Deepika Taila for karna purana.
********************
PHARMACEUTICAL STUDY of “PANCHAKOLADYA GHRITA” &
“PUNARNAVA GHRITA”
Dr. Jayaraj. M, P.G Scholar, Guided by Prof. Bimal Dev Mishra M.D(Ay)
Prof. Dinesh Kumar Mishra M.D(Ay)
Department of Bhaishajya Kalpana, A.L.N Rao Memorial Ayurvedic Medical College, Koppa, Karnataka)
Ayurveda, being a science of life is holistic The pharmaceutical procedures included in this work
system of natural health care that originated in the ancient are-
Vedic civilization of India. Although, Bhaishajya Kalpana 1. Go-Ghrita Murchana as per classical references
and Rasashastra are not mentioned as the part of 2. Preparation of Trail drug 1 – Panchakoladya Ghrita
Ayurveda these branches posses a unique role in our by using Murchita Go-Ghrita
traditional health care system. So far as Bhaishajya 3. Preparation of Trail Drug 2- Punarnava Ghrita by
Kalpana is concerned, it cannot be correlated exactly using Murchita Go-Ghrita
with either Pharmacy or with any other single subject in
the present European sense but, it may be looked upon PRACTICAL NO. 1
as a cumulative form of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy, Name of the practical: Ghrita Murchana
Pharmacology, Materia medica etc. Classical literatures Reference : Bhaishajya Ratnavali 5/1285
a number of available formulations very effective in the Ingredients :
treatment of Sopha. Here two Ghrita preparations Sneha -Go-Ghrita - 3200 g.
“Panchakoladya Ghrita” and “Punarnava Ghrita” Klaka -Haritaki - 200 g.
have been taken into consideration. The references of Vibhitaki - 200 g.
both the yoga are seen in the Sophadhikara of Amalaki - 200 g.
Chakradatta sloka 28, 31 and Sotha rogadhikara of Musta - 200 g.
Bhaishajaya Ratnavali Chapter 42, Sloka-141,150. Haridra - 200 g.
So, in order to establish the efficacy of this formulation Matulunga Swarasa - 200 ml.
by using modern methods, the present study has been Drava Dravya- Water - 12.8 ltr.
undertaken. (Continued on next edition.........)
 Newsletter of ARMARC 7 FEB -2009
Formulation Profile (Series-A/3) Herbal Drug Profile (Series-A/4)
ASTASHATO ARISHTA PARNABEEJA
Dr. Harvin George. N 1. Prof. M. Vidyasagar 2. Prof. K.S.Sanjay
Guid:Dr. Dinesh Kumar Mishra. M.D (Ay). 3. Dr. Hari Venkatesh 4. Dr. Prashant Kumar Jha
Dr. Mahesh.Madalageri Parnabeeja, an important drug with broad
options of exploitation for medicinal purposes is
Reference : included in Ayurvedic texts in recent past only, as
Charak Samhita Chikitsa 12/32-33 (Sample 1) mentioning of this drug could not found with Veda,
Gad Nigraha Pr.As. 99-100 (Sample 2) Samhita, Nighantu etc. In Ayurvedic text the first
reference of this drug was found in “Adarsh Nighantu”
Ingredients: Gambhari, Amalaki, Maricha, Hareetaki, written by Vaidya Bapalal (1968). Later Prof. Daljit
Vibheetaki, Draksha, Kantakari, Pippali, Guda, Madhu, singh, Honorable P. V. Sharma and Vaidya P. S. Varier
Jala. described this plant in their books.
Latin Name : Bryophyllum calycinum Salisb. Syn.
Therapeutic uses: Sopha, vibandha of kapha vataja Kalanchoe pinnata Pers.
origin (in any edema, constipation etc.) Syn. Bryophyllum pinnatum Kurz.

Dose: 1 phala ( 48 gm) Family : Crassulaceae

Analytical Study Report: Synonyms : 1. Parnabija: This word denotes
sprouting nature of the plant from the leaf.
Parameters Sample 1 Sample 2
2. Patrabija: This keeps the same as Parnabija.
Specific gravity 1.21 1.21
pH 3.67 3.67 3. Asthibhaksha: It suggests the affinity of scraping the
Total solid 43 % 41 % bone.
Alcohol 4% 4% Vernacular names:
Reducing Sugar 17% 16 % Hindi: Pattharchatti; Unani :Zakhmehyat; Kanada:
Non-reducing Sugar 0.3 % 0.3 % Gandukalilngh; Malayalam: Iiamalacci, Iiayinmctai;
Tamil: Malaikalli, Runakalli; Telugu: Simajamuda;
TLC Study: Marathi:Ahiravan, Mahiravan; Gujarati : Panfuti, Alacho,
Solvent extraction – Chloroform; Khatkhatumbo.
Mobile phase – Chloroform : Hexane : Acetone Rasa-panchaka: Rasa : Kashaya, Amla; Guna : Laghu,
(50 : 40 : 10) Ruksha; Veerya : Sheeta; Vipaka : Madhura
8 spots were observed at Rf 0.07, 0.13, 0.16, 0.66,
Morphology : A succulent glabrous herb, 1 – 4 feet in
0.71, 0.75, 0.80, 0.87
height with obtusely 4 angled stem, the older part is
Sample. 1 Sample. 2 light coloured while the younger having reddish speck-
led with white; leaves are simple ovate with cordate or
rounded base and double crenate margin, variable in
nature, decussate, the lower leaves being usually simple
or occasionally compound whereas the upper usually
3-5-7 foliolate,, long petioled; colour light green be-
coming purplish along the veins towards maturity leaves
attaining the leathery appearance with age; Flower are
pendulous in terminal panicles; calyx, purplish green with
lighter dots, inflated; corolla swollen and octagonal at
the base, constricted in the middle, reddish
 Newsletter of ARMARC 8 FEB -2009

purple; filament greenish at the base pinkish below the

PRINTED MATTER/BOOK POST

anther; anther, hastate, black; fruit enclosed in the
persistent papery calyx and corolla; Seeds small,

RNI Regd No. KARENG/2002/7924

oblong ellipsoid, smooth scarcely striate.
Microscopy: The T.S. of leaf shows single layered
epidermis with cuticle covering followed by mesophyll
cells in lamina while epidermis being double layered in
midrib followed by closely packed collenchymas cells
having starch grains and chlorophyll; underneath this
lies crescent shaped vascular bundle immersed in
parenchymatous ground tissue.
Chemical Constituents: Malic acid, isocitric acid,
citric acid etc. COME! JOIN THE ARMARC NETWORK
Uses: Leaves are used as pashanbheda; bitter, slightly
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