Deficiency hypervitamin

vitamin Active form Function precursor Sources

disease osis
Vitamin A Xerophthalmia (dry An over dose of it may
cause toxicity Fish liver oil,
(Chemical eyes), conjunctivitis, β-carotene and problems. Symptoms
Retinol, Retinal Visual function and night blindness, of toxicity include leafy
names retinol ester
headache, nausea, vegetables
Retinol) Day blindness vomiting, drowsiness
Vitamin D -Required for the - Rickets.
(Chemical absorption and utilization - Ostomalacia in Ergosterol in sun light,
names 1,25 dihydroxy of calcium and adults. plants & Hypercalcemia, Live,
cholicalcifero cholicalceferol phosphorous. - osteoporosis calcification of
l (animals) 7-
- Growth and development kidneys egg yolk,
and (1,25 DHCC) dehydrocholesterol
of bones and teeth.
ergocalcifero in animals. milk
l)
Vegetable
Vitamin E Fat soluble antioxidant. oils, fish oil,
(Chemical Protect cell membranes,
Unoxidised Hemolysis, grains, leafy
name lipids vitamin A and ------- ------- green
α tocopherol carotenes from oxidative muscular weakness.
α- vegetables.
tocopherol) damage.
germ oil.
Hypoprothrombinae
-Blood clotting.
mia
Vitamin K -Required by the liver for
(Chemical the formation of fat malabsorption, Vegetables,
name ------ prothrombin ------- ------- intestinal
Neonates<gastroint
Phylloquino - formation of new bones bacterial flora
estinal tract is
ne) and in prevention of
sterile at birth and
osteoporosis.
milk;
Vitamin C
(Chemical
Dehydro Abundant in
name Water soluble antioxidant. Scury disease ------- -------
ascorbic acid citrus fruits.
Ascorbic
acid)
 - serve as a coenzyme in
oxidative decarboxylation Beriberi ,
Rice ,
of Q- keto acids, chronic alcoholics ,
Vitamin B1 Meat ,
Thiamin - transketolase reaction.
(Chemical neurological
pyrophosphat ------- ------- Beans ,
name - carbohydrate metabolism problems ,
e (TPP)
Thiamin) Peas ,
- including skeletal and wet beriberi ,
cardiac muscles , liver Grain ,
dry beriberi
kidney and brain
-Hydrogen carrier, -Dairy
Vitamin B2 products
-Essential for the
Ariboflavinosis ,
(Chemical metabolism of -organ meats
name FMN and FAD carbohydrates , fat and Sore skin , ------- -------
Riboflavin) proteins. (liver, heart)
Chelosis.
- production of energy. -dark green
vegetables.
Deficiency precurs hypervitami
vitamin Active form Function Sources
disease or nosis
-Transamination and
deamination. seeds
-Required for the
grains
Vitamin B6 metabolism of protein.
(Chemical -Important at the time of
liver
Pyridoxal phosphate. pellagra ------- -------
name extensive protein
egg
Pyridoxine) metabolism such as in
pregnancy,lactation,anemia.
leafy green
- specific for the metabolism vegetables
of tryptophan.
Vitamin B12
-Megaloblastic
Methyl B12 and animal products
(Chemical anemia,
name 5-deoxyadenocyl Shifting of hydrogen ------- ------- (meat, liver, eggs
-destruction of
Cyanocobala cobalamin. ,milk)
intrinsic factor
min)
 - Some niacin is
-Hydrogen carrier.
produced in the body
-metabolism of from tryptophan.
Niacin or
NAD/ NADP carbohydrates, fatty Pellagra ------ ------ - Yeast, liver, legumes,
Niacinamide
acids , amino acids milk, meat and
tryptophan containing
- production of energy
foods

animal tissues,
Pantothenic transfer of acetyl or Its deficiency is
Coenzyme A ------- ------- whole grains, cereals
acid acyl groups rare
and legumes.

-It is rare. - It is synthesized by

intestinal bacterial
-Consumption of flora.
raw egg can
Carboxylation - egg yolk, animal
Biotin Carboxybiocytin cause deficiency ------- -------
reactions. tissues, tomatoes,
of biotin

- cot death yeast

(SIDS)
-transfer and utilization
of single carbon green leafy
-megaloblastic
- essential for the vegetables, and
Folic acid Tetrahydrofolate (THFA) anemia ------- ------
biosynthesis of purine grains and nuts.
and pyrimidine. - breathlessness
Liver and kidney

Hatem alsrour- King Saud University- College of Nursing