}} GS U U}

63

GU} }SGGU
: } U M GU G H
S U H U GUG H GUG G G J

786 GUS 92
SH G U
1
H U}
4
LwGS S U G
5
U U H G
6
G Hx} U x } H 7
S U }
9
xSG GS S }
10
U} y}} G U UG 11
U S SGU
12
GH G U U } 14
G S vGS U H
17
wG S H
20
S U U} S U GUH SH} 22
} U x
22
S U zG ?
25
S U G
27

S S SH} U
S U G --U
G U UG U GLGU
S }U U }U }U
G }SGGU U G
}wGHGU } U GG
}xGGU S }S U HG GG GU
G }H
G U G U }
G U U }
G U U } S
S U U} U }
}wG U U
H U GzG S
G U GUGH
S SH }

SH G U S U

29
30
32
34
35
36
37
46
47
49
50
52
53
56
59
63

xG} U vG, }G, S HS }H

xG } }U--H } U G U SH }- UH
}}H }GUH vGS} U U S U}, xU U S
GGU } U H U | SH U }}H ,
wG GU U GG }GH U } } U} G U}
U G S | SH }- UH U }GUH U U U
U {} } J

A-1

}} GS U U}

U G U G

G : G GUG, } H , SH}, GG GH}

}H HH }G}} GG UG -G
U SH} UG G H GH } G
G H
U Gx x J G :

} : H
! } G} Gv} U G H }
G } G H UG } ! G-G} Gx H J
: H G U U M UG G H J

GH xG} }
UGG
}xGUG
13 HH }U} 1428 .

}} GS U U}

H (}} GS U U})
G GGU, } H , SH} GG
GH} }H HH }G}} GG GU -G
G } G GU} J
}H } ( SH}) H U S}H
GG } U U }U--H } G U
J } x U x U} }H } U ( GG
}v, -}H SMS) }GHG GU} U U} J
G : }H } ( SH})

}U--H }

Hv , HGU U }S U }, G, G}-1, x
MO. 9374031409 E-mail : translationmaktabhind@dawateislami.net

}} GS U U}

1
GU} }SGGU
S S G} | J

: S } U M U G H

GS ! } GGU GS U
vUS GMGU U S S S SH
U G U 21

GU} }SGGU

}S} U S U G}H S J

2 }- UH : (1) xG U US |
G-}H G U S }H (2)
G S | G J
1 G} 2 SH 3 GG 4
S} S xGG UMx (S SGUG U 2 G-
G G H S 4 G}H x) 5 G
H
U H S SH U H G }G -HG
UMx 6 GH SG S U G 7 GUH M
}G -HG UMx 8 GU 9 GS
}-U U G UMx 10 H U
} U x
11 SU U
S} }U x
Gx 12 S

U Hx U GRU U

}} GS U U}

GU
: wGS } M U G |H x
vGUGU}
G}}|SHGx
G
S
J H J

G}H U S SH } x }} GH }GU}
Gx
U GUG S U S U
GRU SHG U --U Hx 13 ( G SG
) GGGM GS GS }GU} H UMx
14 S U SH G U xG Hx 15
S GS U
U S U GGU S
} }G Gx J
G}H
U S (10 }G}H G} U S S U} G U} 10
G GS GUGU) SH G U S U GGU
x 16 S SH U }G-HG U S S }} U
SH UMx 17 SH xG } -G xG-HG }H
U G G }GHG UMx ( xG U
SGU G xGHG GS }GU ) 18

}GUG U }-S S S SH S S x 19
SH }G}H G} } SH G H UMx 20
S} } x S U H U}

--} UGH
} :
Hx G} H S x } G} J

G}H U G-H} S LG UMx 21

S} } x S U Gx J

}} GS U U}

GU} }SGGU
: S U S } GRU S } M
U G GGUGU wG x J

}} GS U U}
G H SS H }x S U
S SH (63 SGUG) }U}}H G H J
U S G H U }
x J

M GU U GUGH
H U , G} , G-},
S U, G-S
U GU}
G} : } U H
GH GU U | U S U UxGG
S U GUH} H , U } }
}G } US S M U G J

}} GS U U}

GU} }SGGU
: S } S } SG S } }
M U G S GU} U } GUG }Hx J

H U}

U }SGGU (
), x x
}G, H GUG}, SG UH, S-,
}} GH }GU}, }} G }GU}, }} }}, }}
S
U}, GG S }} GS
U} G U U H SG |
U} J GG S GGU H Lg GG}
} GU} , S
}
U H SG 4
}} GS
H }GGG} 4 S.. U } }
} }xH U J }GUH U }} U
U }g G}H 6 } J GG S
G
}} GH }GU} }}
U GH U S G
GS
S U }g G}H 6 } J

}} GS U U}

5
GU} }SGGU
GU G S GU U J

: S U S } GRU S } M

}G S GH} U S

S GUG} U HwG x

GUS} U xG G-}

}S} ! }U U GS

LwGS S U G
GG GH} }
}G GU}
: GG }} GH }GU} S }} GS
U U { } GU
GU}
U }U
2 }GUgS LwGS S UH
GU G ( ) J
SH U } U
G S U

}} GS U U}

6
GU} }SGGU
U S U GUG UMx J

: } G }G M GU Gx } GU}

U U H G

GG S }} GH }GU} }} GS
} } S }vU }U}
U GGU S } GG
S }GG
S }HGU J
GG U, } U } U} , U} !
G --U S G J

S U U GH GU} J U H
GG U x
} Hx U S
} S U UH U J U H U
S U } H U U UGU G |
x H S G } HGG |
x J
xG U }G wG H
} U }G U } H

}} GS U U}

7
GU} }SGGU
H G J

: } M U U US U U }

G Hx} U x } H

}} GH }GU}, }} G }GU}, }}
}}, }} U}, GG S }} GS
} G G }GH }U
10 }G}H G} 61 S.. U G y}}
G U U H S vG } UH } wGy.
U }GH}
GU} S vG
GUGUH U G} U GGUG U H GGU }
U x U GGU U U G G (}HU
G ) S G G vS U Hx, G S
! } U x S H x Hx

! GG S }} GH }GU}
GU} :
} G ! ,
v x} U
} GG } x !
U GUGUH U U S
}} GH }GU}
GG S }SH} GS

S S }U Hx}
GG }} GH }GU}

}} GS U U}

8
GU} }SGGU
U J

: } | } M G U } M }

U } } U G GH U J GG }} GH
}GU}
GU} U G S U
U U } GGU S G}H U xGG J
S G H U U
U }} U}
GG U : GU !
S -U U GG
S GUH | S } x U GG } }H
GU} J GU G }S (GUH) S U
G U G} U U SG G S S G
U U Hx xSG G G S
x, S U U } H, G S S
G x U GGU } H J
S x } H U |S} x J }} GH }GU}
S RU U, G} H H
GG U : H
! RU U H
SH U xSG U SG J
(SG UH, S. 88)
H U S U xSG
} H

}} GS U U}

GU} }SGGU
: S } S } M U G H
S S G} GH GU} J

S U }

xSG Hx} G U |U
} U | G GSH U U S U
U GUGU } S} U U G U :
U SH
S v
U H
S ? S U GU }} U SwG G
S
G U G }x :
xzG U GG } xzG GU} J G U
S G , S vS U U }
GUG G U GM , GU G S U
U GGU U |x U , x U
S U } S H G U
, GH U S HU U
S} S G U UH J }x SxH
}Z U G S GUG U | Hx
GUGU } S} U G G U J
(G, S. 89)

10

}} GS U U}

GU} }SGGU
: S U S } GRU } M
GU G Hx } S US wGS J

GH U G GU} U x
G} S S} U {} U S U

xSG GS S }

G GU U U SwG H }G wGS }}
GH }GU}
U S} U U Hx :
S GU US } } , G
U GUS} ! } S U U GUG | }Hx }
S HU x J }} U}

} GG U,
x H }
H
S U S } J }} GH
}GU}
U G }x S G }G U
G U U G, }G UG U H S U
|x, S U xG-H , S g U S Hx U
S ! S ! U
}x S U } S Hx U GUG |
SU U U S g S } G

}} GS U U}

11

GU} }SGGU
: S wGS U U GU H S U S }
GRU } M U G J

G U } x J

(SG UH, S. 90)

} U } G U S
xG U U } S}
} }} U H G
S }x SGU US U S

U} y}} G U UG
} } SH} | ! ! }}
GH }GU}
U GH US GU G-G}
H J }H} U G xGGU
U }} U
U - GUyGG }G J
U x 2 } } }GM1 J
xSG GS U } | U SG U S}
S } GU G G J SLH GUGH GG
GH} }H S }G}} G}g }
G xSG GS U
H G U } U GUG vGH U U
1

: {yU J

}} GS U U}

12

GU} }SGGU
: S } G }G S M U G
S U S SH U x }GGU x J

G GU} : GUG SH U |

U S U }vGH x GGU
U GU }GH S U SS US
GS S U GGU
U} | x J S GUGH U G-}H G
| y}} G U SSH U U UG U x
} H U S }Sg1
S U }GUH } G ( ) S x U J
S U } S H G }x U
}SS} S S | SGU H SU
U GS U | U S S S
{ J
(SG UH, S.

U S SGU

90)

}} GH }GU}
U U
U S } S }-Gg U} U
1

: S U G GUH J

13
GU} }SGGU
G} |x J

}} GS U U}
: } M GU G H

G J H
U GUGUH U GU
zG 11 }G}H G} U UGU U -
UH
U }U S S H
U J }} GH }GU}
U S LS
G} G wG GH G U S
} U vG UGU J GUS } ( x
S) U G U J S U H U
x J GH} S U - U
S G} U U G S H U S
U U S U
U : } } H G} | U H H ,
GS GH
U S G J
xG U H : G
U } ! Hx S}
G H GUG SH U }U S H J
G
U GUS} ! } S U| x J
U U S { S

14

}} GS U U}

GU} }SGGU
: } US S M U G U } }
M U G } x U H }xGGU J

GU GU} { U x J S U
: wG
U GUS} ! } U U
S} S S U }SH S }U
SGU S U x }H J
SG GH G S U
G U S H x J
xHG U
S H }G U

GH G U U }

U }G }H G U S S U
{ } S G U J wG GH
G U }G U S }GH} UH
U S S U J }x S U
S } S U S GGUU }
U UH U S U

15

}} GS U U}

GU} }SGGU
: } U M GU G H
S U H U GUG H GUG G G J

}wG S-GUGU GUH }} GS U GHGU

GU} U U S G} } SLH GUGH GG
GH} }H S }G}} G}g }
GU} : }wG U Gv} U
UH } wGS (HU G U S SH) G}
S U U } H J
Gv} S U UGU U GU G S} |x
MG J }wG U HU U GGU U S
U Gy} U , H H H, H H J
GH G GS S GG }}
GH }GU}, S }} GS
U S }U
vGS S U J M S | xzG U U
}wG U S H x, }wG H S U
U U SH G, G x } U J S
GG HU S U }} U GG GG U
GG U S HU U J G UGU GG }}

16

}} GS U U}

GU} }SGGU
: S U } } M U H U
} } S } x GU S U H SxGGU U x J

GH }GU}
U GUyH } U U }wG
GG GG U GG U S HU U J
(SG UH, S. 122)

x wG H U } U G} U US SG }H
U U GG H } SG U 1 | x2 U } }H
LS GGU x x } ! } U GH S }H
} G GG G U S } wG G x } G }H
S ! S } }G U } }H G G3 U }H
G x U wG S U x } } U G }H
v G } | SG
x G} 4 } S SG }H
: U U 2 : GU 3 : G 4 : GG U U
GGU U } G} J
1

}} GS U U}

17
GU} }SGGU
S S G} | J

: S } U M U G H

G S vGS U H

GG S G GU}
U : G GG }} GH
}GU}, S }} GS
U S
U G G U UGU U xH } x U S
vG } }U U HG J S
}U } S} S xG } S U S U
( 15 S-H UGU U } 9) H
GU} :
--} UGH } :
v } }H} U G
U (xG) xH U
U H } U G
J

S GG U S Gx

GU} U

}} GS U U}

18
GU} }SGGU
U S |H x J

: wGS } M U G |H x

G S }U U G S U
G U }GH } GH U,
U }GUgS H G vGS
13 S } U } 42 U H
:
--} UGH } :
xG H

G GH} U
U} S J
(-G }}, . 2, S. 385)

G S H S
S G | GU S

}H G} U : H
! }
} G U }} GS
U S
U H x G H S vG }

19

}} GS U U}

GU} }SGGU
: S U S } GRU S } M
U G GGUGU wG x J

}GU } J S }U U S} U wGS
S-H UGU G } 15
:
--} UGH } :
G U (xG) xH
U U H } U G
J

S vG H GH GU x wG
S G GUSG GU} :
SG UGU U GUG
S } GUyH } S U H U G J
S }G U G H
U wG GGG H

} } SH} | ! SLH GUGH GG

GH} }H S }G}} G}g }

20

}} GS U U}

GU} }SGGU
: S } S } SG S } }
M U G S GU} U } GUG }Hx J

U SG UH }
GU vGH U U GU} : GGUGU
v U SG UGU UGU G} U
GG }} GH }GU}
U U
U }} }} U H, U
GU S U U ! H SG
U GG }} U
U S} U J U
U U,
G GG }} GH }GU}
H U}
U S ( GU) ,
S }U U U J SG UGU SH
SH U GH U H GM G }x S
U }U S U UH} GU}
G J
(SG UH, S. 118)

wG S H

G H U U HU - UH
U UG S U H U J

}} GS U U}

21
GU} }SGGU
GU G S GU U J

: S U S } GRU S } M

S U }GH J GG S GH
GGG }GgS H

H ,

G U Hx J U
} ,

Hx J }

U H U GUH} } S wG S
H
( v GS

U GUH | }}

U G GU} U

U GUG

x ?)

G } U G G S G H}
U S GU S S300 S
U H }H J

}} GS U U}

22
GU} }SGGU
U S U GUG UMx J

: } G }G M GU Gx } GU}

S U U} S U GUH SH}

U S ( x ) S S
, , U : } Hx , v S
G10000 GU H U S G SU U
U S } S J HH GUH U
H J S }U {, G Hx, |
U H J
U U, SG SH} H x , S
U }H }G G U Gx H
U G} } xG J
H U U
UH } wG }U U H

} U x

G HU }} G H }G U }
U G} S } H

23
GU} }SGGU
H G J

}} GS U U}
: } M U U US U U }

S H U vGS} U U H
H U } H v U S
} U U U GGU
13 S } U (} 42)

(--} UGH } : xG H

G GH} U U} S J) S GGU
19

S--G U (}

227)

G :

(--} UGH } : GH}

U US U H x J)
} G G G G U S
} wG G x } G }H
LS G G U x x
} ! } U GH S }H

}} GS U U}

24
GU} }SGGU
U J

: } | } M G U } M }

} } SH} | ! GU U GGU S
U S G U wG ! } S GU U
GG S } }G H SH
G} S} U G G J ! S }
SwG H S GU GU U
GSH U H S U | } x
}
( } | vGS G
} | vGS) U }SGU x
S S } }G U } }H G G U }H

G U }S} U| G-}H
U }GUH } S GU U G S GU
S | { S GU U H
} GU S U GU} }GG S GU}
} S } }G U U
G}H S S U
S U U} } S U H

} G} S

25

}} GS U U}

GU} }SGGU
: S } S } M U G H
S S G} GH GU} J

{ U U x
} SG-M J } GU H GG
GU}
U S U GGU wG S U
U S S U H S S U x

S U }GU ?

}} GH }GU}, GG S }} GS
U S U }GU U } wGHGU
J GH} UGG GG S GH
GGG }GgS H
GU} U G
S UH S U } }
U } }
} S U G vGU U
H GUG GU } GG S- GUG}
G, GG S }} GS }

26

}} GS U U}

GU} }SGGU
: S U S } GRU } M
GU G Hx } S US wGS J

U H } zG U x J G U U S
UH HS40 G U UH } U S
U -S }U S }H U zG U J G
U U , G Gv} U }} GS
U S U } U J U
H GSGUH U } S H U
zG U J GSGUH GUx U xG-H
GHG GGU S U SHG U S
G30000 U GUx S S H U
G GSH U }G GU Gg} x
S 8 }H G 548 S.. G }S }
H J S vG | S U wG G
S S }U U S wG J U S SG
G (}) U H } S US U S
U } G }U G} G S U
x U S } GS

27

}} GS U U}

GU} }SGGU
: S wGS U U GU H S U S }
GRU } M U G J

GU G GHH U } GS } J
(} UH, S. 246)

US GU U GU} v {
G H U H

S U G

GG S G GH GUG
RU G} GUG G
SH
LH G } vGH GU} : GH SH} }Sg
HGU
U vG U GG
}HU } } }U } S U
G U GG GU} U GG }}
GH }GU}
U S S }GU}
J GG S G g G-GU
GU} : } } GS U G U }x
} U S }U S }GU}
? U } U x, } wG }

}} GS U U}

28

GU} }SGGU
: S } G }G S M U G
S U S SH U x }GGU x J

U U wGS S GU S }U U S S
UH GG ,

GUG }

U G }-U } GG
G G U, S H H

G} GH GH U G
}} GS

U S }U U }GU U

G U J

GU} :

H 2 U G U
GUH GU} 2 U wG J G G S

G g G-GU

GU} U S

S } GU x U GG }} GH }GU}
U S GU GU} U }
} U S }U} U G G J
(} UH, S.

247)

}} GS U U}

29
GU} }SGGU
G} |x J

: } M GU G H

U U U wG U U
yG S G H

S S SH} U

G G S G G H H H G S
}S

S U G U H

} }U U S GG GG U
GU S :
U SH} U ,
G G U U S x S G U
GG U SH} U J GG U,
S ! UH S }GU v ?
GU} : H GS ! UH S vG } ,
G} G-H}

U G} vGS

} GG } }xGH J
(} UH, S. 247)

}} GS U U}

30

GU} }SGGU
: } US S M U G U } }
M U G } x U H }xGGU J

S} S S }H
UH } x} }HS SH GUGU U

GG S }} GH
GU} : H UGU SGU S U GUH
U GG S }} GS

U S

S }GU} J G U}g G
GU} U } SHH

G S S }GU} U G U J
(G, S. 248)

S }G S H U x
S GH} U U S GGU U

S U G --U
}GUH , }S U SG }HU S U
U wGS U }-GHGU GHG x U wGS

31

}} GS U U}

GU} }SGGU
: } U M GU G H
S U H U GUG H GUG G G J

U S }GH } GG U zG }x
J SG xH U H S U G
G U Gv} J }-H G (
G }} wGS) S U UG S U
S GGUS (xH) Hx S GU}G
( U GG U } U UG) H U UG {
J GGUU G GGU U S
U U } | S U SU J S U
}xG U Hx GU G xH J
x U U G G U }
J SG S wGS U U } x }x S
U U | S U } GGUS }
J Hx S U S S wGS
U GG }} GH }GU}, S }}
GS
U S }U }S } GU
H J
} S U GGU S

32

}} GS U U}

GU} }SGGU
: S U } } M U H U
} } S } x GU S U H SxGGU U x J

S S U --U U} J
(} UH, S. 248)

UH GwG} U H S
wG S S x xH S H

G U UG U GLGU
}H} }-<U G U GGU S S
2 } GS SG J S GU
} G xH U H S}H U H
UG U GU U } GG : GGUS
wGGUS U }G U S x }
H S x U 2 Sx H U UG J }
S U xH U J GU}G U SG
x U } S UG U U U G}} S U
} G xH } J S U S U S S }

33
GU} }SGGU
S S G} | J

}} GS U U}
: S } U M U G H

x U SG x J S U |
S S H | UH J } S U U
J S G} } }G} S GU } U U H S
GGU G , S GGUS (xH)
GU}G H U { , UG U U U
S U H } SG U , SG } GU}G U
UG U yG xG GH S S
}xG U x U J S GUH SG
U }G} GU GU } U H J S Mx
G U H G U GU } GG
G U J ! UG U vHGU U }
} S U SU U H U U SU GU
} } S U S U U |H U
S SU ! G wGS US U S x
x UG x HGUG GU U S
x } v x !

}} GS U U}

34
GU} }SGGU
U S |H x J

: wGS } M U G |H x

U } U | } S S
GU } U U US Sx
GzG U S U H G
U} x } x

S }U U }U }U

U | U S G H U
GG } J } U SH}
GH }HU U GU} (96 . 99 .)
U }H} S U G U
SG GSH U, S vG S U }U a
SGU U GG }U , G Hx
UGU U }S} U GUS } zG U J
} zG U
} SH1 SU
1

: -

35

}} GS U U}

GU} }SGGU
: S U S } GRU S } M
U G GGUGU wG x J

G }SGGU U G

GG GH} G } }vU
GU} U SH} GH
}HU SH }
U G
S wG } } G U U SH
U S }H-GGU ( HyGGU U})
GU} J SG GG S GS S
S S wG U , GU} :
H SH U S U |H U J GG U,
! } GG S }} GH }GU} }} GS
U }U S U GG G } S
U UG U UGU U L-GUGU U S S
}G G U S U zG U J GG S GS
S
G U } : U G } H
G }G H} GH
U
S J

36

}} GS U U}

GU} }SGGU
: S } S } SG S } }
M U G S GU} U } GUG }Hx J

}SGGU GGG G U H G}
H vGH -}1 H

}wGHGU } U GG

G G US G G G G
}H HG H GGUG }G}} GUG UG
HGU } UH } G
GU} : S U }-GHGU }wGHGU
}wGHGU }GU} }2
| SU U } U
GHGU S S v U G U S }}
- H
U S | x J
U S U U U zG J S
GS GGU U US S SGU
: -} G, G GUH J
: } U }G } J } U U } | : GG
U x J
1
2

37
GU} }SGGU
GU G S GU U J

GG }} GS

}} GS U U}
: S U S } GRU S } M

U GGU U x J
(} UH, S.

249)

}xGGU S }S U HG GG GU

G G S } G } } S H } H
} UGU G
GU} : } G
H U H GG , GGU U wGS
U U xGHGU U U S } U
: H !
} wG } x}
U U } wGx J } S U S
G S G } - G U
G S U S U S x S
U wG U S U }} , }x } GGU }
}SMGU J S U } | S U
, } G } }G GGU J } GGU S
GUxG U S S U, S GG} }GU}
G S G x | wG x

38
GU} }SGGU
U S U GUG UMx J

}} GS U U}
: } G }G M GU Gx } GU}

H
S }xGGU G} GH U
S S }} | v U G G} U}
J S wGS U : H U U
? } U, } SH} H } (
)
! S } UG } U GGU H x
U Hx, } x G J } U,
v x G, S}, G} G S
| G ? U Hx, } x G
G ! zGSS ! SH} ! } S 70
S } } S GG S }}
GH }GU} }} GS
U S U
G H U S H J G H S
}U S U U HU U Gv} J U
S U Gv} S x S U G } U S
S U U} (BEDROOM) } x J { U
vG G H U G U H S

39
GU} }SGGU
H G J

}} GS U U}
: } M U U US U U }

U }} GH }GU}
U S S H
U S} U U GG x-}x !
U SwG GGUG S G
H U x U, U , } U G
xG }G , G | S U
G} U H U J SG S S
}U UH U SG (U G} GUS} U SG
UG) U G} } S U x U H
S70 } }GU U , } | } }H J
U } Gv} J S xGM
x UGU xG x } S x J UU }
H x, v U S} U G H
S } xG-xG U UG-UG
U S G U H GU x
U U G} S }H x S } S U } }
S U 2 GH S U } U GU

}} GS U U}

40
GU} }SGGU
} U J

: } | } M G U } M

US , S GU S US
U Hx : H ! }
! GU H J U GS
}H Gx GU H S }U U S G
U GU} : SH} H U H ! SH}
GUSSHG ! G } SG U, GUyH
} G GHGU U, S G U H
} } S }H J H

} G} GU}

} GUH U H wG , } GUH U H UH
GU} U GG U U J

GU} U S US
} S U US GU GU} x J U G
U U H | S GG
G} S }H x } S U U }
U : H ! G
!
GU H J x U SG G }H

41

}} GS U U}

GU} }SGGU
: S } S } M U G H
S S G} GH GU} J

H Gx 2 GH GU H
| GUG GU} U
US x J U U G H
S } S G G S } G H H H
} , | UH}
GU} U US x S GG GG
S }S UH}H

GG S GS MGH
GU H S GG U UH} GU} U
US zGG x J U U G
H S } S GG S }H }G}}
}-
GG S-
GUG} GG S GS }
}HU } J H } U SG, G}
G-H}, S G
S
U S GU H x S }U U S S Hx

}} GS U U}

42

GU} }SGGU
: S U S } GRU } M
GU G Hx } S US wGS J

J U GG S- GUG}
U , | S S Hx
J U GG S } SGUH
G } , G U G }},
, SH
U
S U G U :

SH} UG GUG GSH H U GUG ,

H

S G G G U }
G x} GS

U G
U
(U S }G) }

GS S J

S G G GG S G H
, GG S } GHHH
, GG S }S UH}H

43

}} GS U U}

GU} }SGGU
: S wGS U U GU H S U S }
GRU } M U G J

, GG S GS MGH
, | G GU} J U SU
H , G x 2 U }HU }wG,

UH}
GU} J U U GU SU }, SG
GU, GU GU S, GUG x
U GU U GG U, H GUS}
(S GUG H S) } H
x J } S} }vUH1 J
H GH }
U GG
U Gv} x
} Gv}
GU} } Hx S} U
U J U U GU U
}
GG U, H GUS} !
}vUH , H GH }
U GG U Gv} x
1

: GU US U} }UG , H, G}}, }G GUG J

}} GS U U}

44

GU} }SGGU
: S } G }G S M U G
S U S SH U x }GGU x J

GU} } yGGU U U U S S
U J SU }

GU} :

GU ! S U S G J GG S GS
(S U U GGU

}) GG U,

U x SH

! S Hx } |
(GS

) U S U H

x | }GU J U
GU} : } (

) U GU ! } U

GUyH U H } U GUyH U J wG U GUS} ! }

U H}G } } S S GG U
x J U U GU } GG U U H G }
U, H GUS} !
} G} GU} H
G U } J

}
G}
G U S

}} GS U U}

45

: } M GU G H

GU} }SGGU
G} |x J

GU} : S J U
} GU U GU} : S70 }
} S S H ? } GG U, ! S
}U } U{ } H
U } } U H x GU} : H
G} U wG, H
a U GG } H J
U } H

U G} S }} J
S U

GG S }

GU} : wG ! } S U S
} | GG GH J
(} UH, S. 267 270)

xG G U }G wG
G GUS} } U-x1 H
1

: U U }G, }vGH, GGU J

}} GS U U}

46

GU} }SGGU
: } US S M U G U } }
M U G } x U H }xGGU J

G }H
} } SH} | ! G }H
H J } GU, } H
U GU} }GGG} :

}SGGU

|U |G U } G vGS
U }H } U HH S U
U vGS J

G H }H U }G U
S SG H U H U GUG U GS J
S GH} } U }} GH }GU} S
}} GS

U G x} S

vG U GG }GSS J GH U S
}} GH }GU}
vG S v SU !

U U
UH | }}

}} GS U U}

47

GU} }SGGU
: } U M GU G H
S U H U GUG H GUG G G J

}SH} U H U , |
U x J
} U S} , G U GU
} GS U, S G UH

G U G U }
GG S GS S
} U :

S }-SH
U }G

U G J

G H U H U
U }G S S S H vG
U } xzG x J } S xGGUH
U S }} GH }GU} U L-GUGU
U wG GGU S U x H J S vG

48

}} GS U U}

GU} }SGGU
: S U } } M U H U
} } S } x GU S U H SxGGU U x J

U GG S UH } G} S} U {
H vG S U H U G
S J S G SGU 3 S
6 } wG G U } - G (
GS) U U G G U 64 S.. U } U
} U G}SU GHGU G } 39 SH
U G} } } x J
G H U } U U S |
U U M}SH HGU U GGU } xzG
x , }x HGU M G S S zG
U J U x H } U S G U
} H J U G U
}S U J S G U U xG
-U U S U xGg } U
GU SU , G U U U

}} GS U U}

49
GU} }SGGU
S S G} | J

: S } U M U G H

UG U S U UU J G U S U
H H U U } J H G
S U H }H xG U S U
SG H U J

(GU xG}, S.

550)

wG US GU } U ?
GU G G U ?

G U U }
G H U H UG S
} UH } xH SH U }- UH U
GU wG } G J U | G U }
J G H U S S G }} UGU U
x GH G J S U Gv}
}} GH }GU}
U}

U H

U G} S} U x

J x U } U }wG S-GUGU U

}} GS U U}

50
GU} }SGGU
U S |H x J

: wGS } M U G |H x

U S } }HU U GU U
GU U U SGU 6 S U 10
}G}H G} 67 S.. U G
GH U S } x ! HU S U
S U U } U U }
}wG U S UGU | J
(SG UH, S. 123 }HwGGS)

S }G x H U S}
v } x } wG U S}

G U U } S

LH } UGU U S U x
S x G U S U x
6 S GUH }} GH }GU}
U S
U x J S S H U
U S U } } J (SG
UH, S. 123) SGG GS } G} G} S }

}} GS U U}

51

GU} }SGGU
: S U S } GRU S } M
U G GGUGU wG x J

U GH G U S }G S U S
U S U H U x J } U S x J
U xGH G x J } U U
S , S S U } G
U (U) } GH x G
U H x G U xG x J U xGH G,
, 2 3 S J
G, S, }, GUS GS U,
GH G, S S GG, GH
GUS, G }HU GU }} GU1 GG
S }} GH }GU}

U GUyH } U

S-G ( U U H) GG GG U
GGU ( G) S GUyH U x U
1

: GU U }G, wG Hx J

52

}} GS U U}

GU} }SGGU
: S } S } SG S } }
M U G S GU} U } GUG }Hx J

H G U S }H U x J (SG UH, S. 158)

U HU } G U } x
U U G xG U Gx
G H} ! } U x
} } U G G U x

S U U} U }

}wG S-GUGU U G U SGU

U J GH} U v }H} U wG - x Hx
SG U G G x J U wGS GUyH }}
} U GG GG U GG S HU x J
GU U U x, G U , GH}
U GU} x }wG U G x J
U }G U US U U} x J U
U x, H x, SH x, H
SGx } wGS GU GU Ux J U
HU G } x J }U x } x
U G U x }x H G U G

}} GS U U}

53
GU} }SGGU
GU G S GU U J

: S U S } GRU S } M

U GG |xx U U GG
}UH x, x } x J }
GU} } zG }H} U x J
(SG UH, S. 125)

U H
S U U} U }

}wG U U

} } SH} | ! } H
U GzG U U U v J }wG
S-GUGU GUH GS U U }
}G GS U H }x S GU -GH1
xGH S U U U
Hx, } S G J
SS : G S }G H US GG
x} U } SU J v US U |
S U} U U GUGU GSH SU ?
1

: -GH wG J

}} GS U U}

54
GU} }SGGU
U S U GUG UMx J

: } G }G M GU Gx } GU}

SS U GH : H

G J S U
wGz
G S } S| U U }
v x ! ! G | G S GH}
GUGH G G J S G S G U
}x GU -GH xGH UGU
}G x J G} G | G GH},
G G }Sg J S U S} G}
U G} x U MG U S G
G} U H U }x GU -GH
xGH x } U } x U U vH }
GH } x J SGU U G GH}
}G }x vG U xGS U - U }-U
x H G S G U GGU } }H U
S }G GUH U U GH U } } x J
H GH G GG }G}} }SGGU
U G GU} U } G
) U GUyH U GG S G70000
G-U (

}} GS U U}

55
GU} }SGGU
H G J

: } M U U US U U }

zG } } S U GG S x (
H) }Mx J
G U GG G G-U
U wG GGU U H H U H H
GH wG S S GH} U }-G U
G U U J S GG GG }} GH }GU}
U wG GGU U H H U H H
GH }wG S-GUGU S UGG U }GU GU} J
(} UH, S. 285)

H GH U }SHG G J
} S GH} U GG | GH} U HU
U J 8 S-H G} } 129
} :
--} UGH } :
} GH} } U
U S }SHG U J
H U U U J

GG , GUG }

}} GS U U}

56
GU} }SGGU
U J

: } | } M G U } M }

GU} : U H (

) S SH} U } GU
U } U G S | U H J

H U wGzG S

} vG H
U GzG S
G}, U S} GGU
} S G U U S G
} } v
U GM U }H} G} H
}GU} J U S U } J } U
GGUG U H UG U G , GGU }SGGU SG
,
H
}H} G, U S , U
wG wG S U} U GG }} SH}
| U U } U} G U} 3 U H
SH} U S U U }- GUUH
} GGU SH U S S | SGU GU} J
SH} | G GURU } U GG 72 }- G}

}} GS U U}

57

GU} }SGGU
: S } S } M U G H
S S G} GH GU} J

SH} 63 }- G} U U U U
G} G}} U }G U J
! GLH }, SG U},
H
}GH} }} GH }GU} }H S
U SG ! }
UH
} SH} , } GU G } } wG }
! } G x}
GS }xGGU GU} H
} } GGU
GG, }G
U S , H GUG } }GU H
U GS
GUS } G
S GU} J
}UH GH U }UH U U SG
U H UH U SG

} U H S S G GGU :
v H U S vG
}S U H SGU }
}G }G G

xG} } GUG
H G S
}xGGU H
GUS } SU
U GS U GH
x GG xx

}G}H G}
1428 .

58

}} GS U U}

GU} }SGGU
: S U S } GRU } M
GU G Hx } S US wGS J

G U GUGH

UH H
U S GMGU U S S
G U 25 wGSS

(1) 10 }G}H G} G U G GG S

} SGUH
U GUH
U x (2) S U x (3) S
} GH U x (4) S G (5) US (6)
S} (7) G} (8) S (9) (10) S (11)
U x (12) S GG S }
GHHH
(13) S
x S }H (14) S GG S }S
UH}H
U }} U
}H GUG GU} S} xGGU (15)
S GG S GS MGH
U x (16) S S} U GGU x
(17) S GG S G
U

59

}} GS U U}

GU} }SGGU
: S wGS U U GU H S U S }
GRU } M U G J

U U (18) S GG S
U }U GG} GG U
SH}
x (19) S GG S S
}H U S UH x (20) S GG S
U U GGU
GU
(21) S GG S SGU
x U S UH x (22) S GG S
U vHGU GUG U x (23) S}
S G} S S H S GH
(24) S U G }} } } U U |
U x U U G } -}GH }U S
H GUG U }SG U x
(25) }}H }}, }} GH }GU}, }} G }GU},
U }G
}} U} S }} GS
Gx L-GUGU 3 |U U S
G U G UH } SzGGUU U S
U x J

}} GS U U}

60

GU} }SGGU
: S } G }G S M U G
S U S SH U x }GGU x J

UH
UH U GMGU U S S
UH
}G}H G} G U G U 5 GUGH
1

GG S
S
GG U}, }SS}, },
SH }G}, GUG }}
GU} : -}G U }G} U G zGGH

GUG U zGGH }G SHHH (

U GUH) J
2

G U G, H U G, G H
U GU} G} :
}G} U U G U } U G U
J

G U G

GG S GH GS
GU} , } SG 2 , U
}U, G} G-H}
U

}} GS U U}

61
GU} }SGGU
G} |x J

: } M GU G H

US U G U GUGH U
S- GU} }x U G U
U -}G U } J

U }G-HGU U

G}, GUG }}, ,

SH
GU} : }
G U G S } U
}G-HGU U, S S H } | U
U G J

G U G | S 9 x11
}G}H G} U G | H J
G G S G U
S
GU}
, SHH
: } H x} U G U G
U SH GUH U x } J

62

}} GS U U}

GU} }SGGU
: } US S M U G U } }
M U G } x U H }xGGU J

S SH }

}GUSS GU}H }} GG }zG G}

GU} , }G} U 9
G
S10 U G S x J H U
H S10 }G} U wG U
SH | U } --U x J
U G U U GG UH S }}
U GUG U } ( }SS
GS
G}) J S G 10 }G}H G} U
xGSH U }} SH
} S } }
x v U S G}G} }} }
, SH} Gx . 93) S
(
U, }
GU},
wGS } G S} S} } Hx S
U U| | x J

}} GS U U}

63

GU} }SGGU
: } U M GU G H
S U H U GUG H GUG G G J

786 GUS 92
SH G U
1
H U}
4
LwGS S U G
5
U U H G
6
G Hx} U x } H 7
S U }
9
xSG GS S }
10
U} y}} G U UG 11
U S SGU
12
GH G U U } 14
G S vGS U H
17
wG S H
20
S U U} S U GUH SH} 22
} U x
22
S U zG ?
25
S U G
27

S S SH} U
S U G --U
G U UG U GLGU
S }U U }U }U
G }SGGU U G
}wGHGU } U GG
}xGGU S }S U HG GG GU
G }H
G U G U }
G U U }
G U U } S
S U U} U }
}wG U U
H U GzG S
G U GUGH
S SH }

SH G U S U

29
30
32
34
35
36
37
46
47
49
50
52
53
56
59
63

xG} U vG, }G, S HS }H

xG } }U--H } U G U SH }- UH
}}H }GUH vGS} U U S U}, xU U S
GGU } U H U | SH U }}H ,
wG GU U GG }GH U } } U} G U}
U G S | SH }- UH U }GUH U U U
U {} } J