, . LIII (2006) .

93-122
HISTORICAL REVIEW, Vol. LIII (2006) p. 93-122
: 94 (497.11) : 327(497.11 :496.02) "1386"

-
1386.
- (15.
1389), , .1 XIV , (26. 1371), .
.
1

: ., , ,
1929, 356-357; ., , 18
(1938) 361-365; ., , XXXI (1984) 5-40; .,
, 1, 1990, 3-20;
., ,
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: ., XIV XV , 1960, .; ., I,
1990; II, 1982 (.); ., , , , ,, 1989; ., , 2001; ., ,
2000.

XIV .
I , , V
, , .2
,
,
,
.3 , o
,
. ,
XIV
, , .4
, , . ,
- ,
2

., , 1969, 502-503;.,
, 1974, 164-165; ., V
(1332-1391), 1993, 355-360.
3
., , (1300-1600), 1974, 18;
., XIV XV , ,
, 2005, 275-327.
4
., , ,
1389-1989, 1989, 185-191, ., 11801453 I-II, 2000, , 201-241.

94

5.
, ,
.
, , ,
.

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, .
, . ,
XIV .
. ,
,
1375. .7 , , -.8
.
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5

., , 17.
., , 21-27.
7
., , ,
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8
.Sp.Radojii, Antologija stare srpske knjievnosti, Beograd 1960, 99-101, 325.
6

95

V (2/4. 1371.). , .
.9
. .

,
.10
,
.
. , , XIV ,
1381.
,
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.12
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.13 , 9

., I, 321. : ., , 1996.
10
., , , 219; ., , 2001, 161-164, 168.
11
., , , 1989, 72.
12
., , 51-54; ., , 82-83.
13
., .

96

.14 , .
, .

25. 1380/81.
.15 . bst Crpov boi na
Dbravnice : oubi Crp i Vitomir
Tourke na Doubravnice. dek. ke. dn.16 ,
,
,
.17 ,
, .
, , 1389. . , ,
49. 143. . 18
I
1380/81.
14

, 1999, ,
(.).
15
., , . 1927, 214, .
589.; ., , 356-357.
16
., , 214. . 589.
17
., , 113; II, 42 (.); .,
, 90-91,117-118, 164.
18
., , 1960, 52, 70.

97

.
,

.19
,
, ,
. , , ,

. ,
. ,
, .

.
.
I .
ulu aza, ihadu-'l-ekber, sefer-i-ekber.20 1385. , ,
, , , , , ,
, , .21
19

., ?, , 1995, 225-233.
20
., 1389 , XXXI (1940) 2.
21
.Fine, The Late Medieval Balkans, The University of Michigan Press 1996, 407;
., (1371-1389),
CCCLXXVIII, O .9 (1996) 45. N.Housley,

98

,
.
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1386. ,
, , .22
,
,
.23

, ,
(Via Militaris), .24 The Later Crusades from Lyons to Alcazar 1274-1580, Oxford University Press 1995,
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, ., : (XVXVII ), , 1998, 91.
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1383 1403 ( ), XXXVII
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22
., , 215 . 591.; .,
, 1957, 22-24 (
, ). . , , 22.
1388.
.
.
1388. ,
, .
23
., , 31.
24
., ,
I, 1959, 88-89, 147-148; .,
, 1974. 82-102; ., , 5-38;
., , 47.

99

, , .
. XII .25

, , / . , 1383. ,
1387. , , via Egnatia.
, ,
.26 ,
.
. , ishodi car Mourat na
Plo~nik. 27 ,
,
. , , : ishodi Mourat car na kneza, i vrati se opet
Plo~nika28. , ,
: ishodi car Mourat na Plo~nik i premlet Ni{29.
: is25

., XII , 22 (1983)
7-19; ., , 18-19.
26
S.Reinert, From Ni to Kosovo polje, 176-177.
27
., , 215, 591 .
28
, 215, 591 .
29
, . 591 .

100

hodi car Mourat na kneza Lazara i primi Ni{30. : pobe`e Amourat i

knez Lazar Plo~nika is Toplice.31 , , .
.

: pob`e car Mourat kneza Lazara Plo~nika is
Toplice.32 , , , 6895. 6894. .33
, , .
.

, .34 ,
30

, . 591 .
, . 591 .
32
, . 591.
33

, 1386. , S.Reinert, From
Ni to Kosovo Polje, 176.
34

. ., I, 324; ., , 15. 1389, 1389,
. 65, 1989, 18; ., , 55,
, 31; II, 42 (.); .,
31

101

,

.
I
.
, ,
.
,
.
, ,
, .
***
, , XV XVI .
, ,
.
XV , , 113; ., ,
1, 1995, 87; ., , XVIII, 1994, 86, ,
I, 2000, 254; J.Hoensch, Kaiser Sigismund,
nchen 1996, 79. S.Reinert, , 174-179. ., ., XIV XV , 452, , 159, .,
, 18-19, , .
1388. , . .,
; S.Reinert, .

102

II (1451-1481). , , . ,
,
XV .35 ,
.36 , I
,
. .37 , . ()
. 14 ,
.38
.39 , a priori .40
, ,
,
.

- 35
C.Imber, What does Ghazi acctually mean?, The Balance of truth, Essays in Honour
of Professor Geoffrey Lewis, Istanbul 2000, 165-178.
36
., , 215; ., , 22-23; ; S.Reinert, From Ni to Kosovo Polje, 174-179.
37
., , 22.
38
.
39
, 23.
40
S.Reinert, From Ni to Kosovo Polje, 178.

103

, I

.41 ,
, ,
. ,
.
, ,
, 1386. ,
.42.
***
, ,
. ,
, I
, - 1848. .43 , 778. 779.
1400. 1401 . :
41

, , ,

,
.
42
S.Reinert, From Ni to Kosovo Polje, 177; ,
, XIV .; D.Nicol, The
Last Centuries of Byzantium 1261-1453, London 1972, 299;
1386.
, ., I,
1940, 4-7.
43
I ,
1848,
XI (1859) 119-124.

104

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49
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105

,

....
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.
, .50


.
***
1386.
. ,
.
Historiae musulmanae Turcorum, .51
. , , . .52 ,
, .
50
.120; . von Hammer, Historija Osmanskog carstva I, 64.
51
., , 1968, 95, . .; ., 329.
52
. ,
. . ., , 329.

106

.
: .
, ,
. , , .
,
. . 1385. .53


. , .54 ,
,
,
.55 , , .56
***

. . 72 1385. .57 53

., , 95.
: ., I, 50.
55
.
, ,
, . ., , 19. . 54..
56
., , 18 (1938) 361-365.
57
., ,
CCCXXXVIII , . 3 (1983) 154-155.
54

107

, ,
,

.58
1386.

,
. ,

:
. :
. ....59
-, . -
,
:
, . .60
,
.
yagma,
.61 , ,
.
58

. .
Chronicon maius . , 155.
59
., , 23.
60
.
61
N.Filipovi, Princ Musa i ejh Bedreddin, Sarajevo 1971, 171,195; .kalji, Turcizmi u srpskohrvatskom jeziku, Sarajevo 1985, (jagma).

108

, , 62
. ,
- - : ...
. ,
, .63 , - , ,
, ,
.
. , , , .64
, ,
.
.
, , ,
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XV XVI .65
, ,
62

. von Hammer, Historija Osmanskog carstva I, Zagreb 1979, 64.

I , 120.
64
. 121.
65

.-,
(1391), II-III (1965-6) 8.
63

109

.
.66 .
XV , II
, .

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.
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) . ().67 , ,
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.
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.69 ,
XIV ,

o III.70 . , ,
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.73
,
.
. I
, .74

, ,
, .
69

. 122-123.
., , XI (1859) 112-113;
.Sp.Radojii, Antologija stare srpske knjievnosti, 124-125.
71
., 1389. , 10; ., , 110;
., , 2002, 49.
72
I , 123.
73
, 124.
74
.von Hammer, Istorija Osmanskog carstva I, 64; S.Reinert, From Ni to Kosovo polje, 180.
70

111

***
,
I 1386. ,

.
. ,

, ,
.
,
.75
,

.76 1000
50 000 77 - .78
,

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S.Reinert, From Ni to Kosovo Polje , 176.

., , 23.
77
400 .
78
., .
79
., , 95.
80
.
76

112

,
.81

. 1386. ,
,
, 1392.
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, .83


,
,
. A ,
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.
,
,
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. , 1386.
, .

81

., . XV
, 26 (1932) 58-59.
82
F.Miklosich, Monumenta Serbica, Viennae 1858, 223.
83
., XIV XV, 288; S.Reinert, From Ni to Kosovo Polje , 178.

113

1386.
, ,


. ,

. ,
.
, . , . 1386.

, , .84
, (...et
serviri bene et fideliter de arte balistariorum et bombardarum ad omnem
requisitionem...).85 ,


e. 84

., , CLXI (1934) 83-84. . Diversa Cancellariae.

XV

, . , ., XII-XIV ,
, 1996, 159, , ,
.
85
M., , 83.

114

, , 1386.
.
. XIV , , , -
, , .86 86
, 1378. , .
., , 57. , 1373. . ., , 61,
, . .
,
.
. , , 736 (.). , . ., , 1956, 26; .,
, 2 (1961) 75;
., 1389. , 18 (1972) 235236. .
13. 1386.
, .
.
III. : ... ,
() , , ,
.... (.Sp.Radojii, Antologija stare srpske knjievnosti, Beograd 1960, 124; , 24 ,
1993, 133; ., ,
XI (1859) 108-118.) , .,
.
1579. , -

115

.
,
XV , , .87
1386.
I.
***
, 1386.
. ,
- , . I ,
.

. 1386. ,
, .
I Ko II )
1389. , . 65, 1989,
68. , ,
, .
87
., , 84.
1412.
.

116

. 1386. ,
, .
/
.88
I , .
1386. , .89
,

90, . 1386. , ,
ulu aza, ihadu-'l-ekber , , , , II . ,
, .91 ,
,
.92
88
S.Reinert, From Nis to Kosovo Polje, 179; N.Housley, The
Later Crusades, 70.
89
26. 1386, . ., I, 7-13.
90
, , , . ., I , 9.
91
., II, 1964, 298; .,
, 1940, 318; ., , 158; ., , 1, 1995, 85.
92
., .

117

,
1386. ,
.
, , .93 ,
. ,
.94 29.
. , , .
, 1385.
, .95 , ,
,
- .96 XIV , . , ,
, .97
93

., , 158; V.Foreti, Povijest Dubrovnika do 1808, I , Zagreb 1980, 183;

., XIV XV , 1952, 8; .,
, 85; ., II, 298, 23. 1386
.Pp. de permittendo quod recipiantur in Stagno familie, pastores, animalia et arnensia
Vlacorum et circumvicinorum propter eorum salvamentum terrore Teucrorum....
94
., II, 299-300, 29. 1386. In dicto Minori Consilio captum
fuit quod fiant custodie in terra in duobus locis et duo custodes stare debeant in utroque
loco qui sint de hominibus Brenni et habeant qualibed die gr. I ...
95
., , 9.
96
, 8.; ., I, 324.
97
D.Dragojlovi, Migrations of the Serbs in the Middle Ages, Migrations in Balkan History, Belgrade 1989, 66; .,

118

***
, ,
. ,

, . ,
.
, ,

1387. . 98 ,
. ,
,
.
1386. , .99

XIV XV , XIV XX , , 1990, 37-46

98
1387,
. ., , 2000, 193, 199; F.Miklosich, Monumenta Serbica, 207.
99
., , 31.

119

Marko UICA
STORIES OF SERBIAN-TURKISH CONFLICTS BETWEEN
THE SERBS AND THE TURKS AND THE FEAR OF THE TURKS
IN 1386
Summary
The fear of the Turks as a phenomenon of the Middle Ages,
first recorded in Serbian sources after the Battle at the Marica, continued
to dominate the life of the Balkan Christian population during the
fourteenth century, and even in the fifteenth century. No section of
society and no endangered region in the Balkans remained unaffected by
a strong feeling of insecurity, anxiety and apprehensiveness. When the
akinjis, is Ottoman raiders began to threaten the territory of Prince Lazar
and the northern Serbian regions, the fear of the Turks became part of
everyday life. The events of the great conquests of Sultan Murad I in
1386 left a deep impression on the contemporaries. The outcome of the
encounter of the Serbian and Ottoman armies at Plonik is not quite clear
because the evidence in the available sources is conflicting and leaves
scope for various interpretations. The Serbian sources are chronologically
near to the event, but they are contradictory and provide meagre
information, while the picturesque Ottoman accounts are considerably
later, written by court historians of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries,
and present a tendentious picture. The outcome of the battle at Plonik
was overshadowed by Sultan Murad's success in capturing the town of
Ni, an important strategic stronghold of Prince Lazar, which lay on the
main Balkan road, the Via Militaris. The details of the siege and of the
fall of Ni must be sought in the unreliable Ottomans sources, which may
contain at least some part of the authentic historical basis. The fall of Ni
had repercussions even in Bosnia, and evidence of the measures taken for
the strengthening of the defence of the Serbian towns has been preserved
in the treaties which Prince Lazar and Vuk Brankovi concluded with the
Ragusans in 1387. Prince Lazar's orders for the purchase of additional
firearms and other weapons after the capture of Ni were a direct
consequence of the loss of that town. Besides, they are a part of the
120

complex picture of an age in which the deeply disturbing fear of the

Turks reigned in the old Serbian lands. From the strategic point of view,
the fall of the fortress of Ni represented an irreparable loss for the
Serbian lands and an event which foreshadowed the drama of Kosovo.

121