CSC162 Manual PDF

CSC-162 Numerical Transmission Line Protection Equipment Manual
C:\Pmsbp\CSC 162 dt 13.10.2007
CAUTION
1) This manual applies only to CSC-162 2) Please read the manual carefully and with the specification of the installation, adjustment, testing, operation and maintenance. 3) To prevent damage to equipment, dont plug-hot-plug any unit of the equipment, touching the chips and components in printed circuit board. 4) Please use the testing equipment and devices which comply with the relevant standards for test and detection. 5) If any abnormity occurred in the equipment or unusual maintenance needed, promptly contact with the agents or our service hotline. 6) The operation password is: 8888.
WARNING
1) During hot-line operation of equipment ,certain parts of this equipment are under high voltage. Severe personal injury or significant equipment damage could result from improper behavior. 2) Only qualified personnel should work on this equipment or in vicinity of the equipment. These persons must be familiar with warning & service procedure described in this manual, as well as with safety regulations. 3) Prerequisites to proper & safety operation of the equipment are proper storage, setup, installation, operation & maintenance of the equipment. 4) In particularly cases, the general rules & safety regulations according to relating standards(e.g. IEC, National standards or other International standards) for work with high voltage equipment must be observed.
COPYRIGHT
All rights reserved.
Registered trademark
are registered trademark of Beijing Sifang automation co., ltd.
C:\Pmsbp\CSC 162 dt 13.10.2007
CONTENTS
1. 1.1 1.2 1.3 2. 2.1 2.2 3. 3.1 3.2 4. 4.1 4.2 5. 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 6. 6.1 6.2 6.3 7. 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 8. 8.1 8.2 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1 Application................................................................................................................... 1 Features ....................................................................................................................... 1 Functions ..................................................................................................................... 2 Design .......................................................................................................................... 5 Mechanical structure .................................................................................................. 5 Dimensions.................................................................................................................. 6 Technical data ............................................................................................................. 7 General data ................................................................................................................ 7 Function data..............................................................................................................11 Hardware functions .................................................................................................. 12 Hardware arrangements........................................................................................... 12 Operations of complete units .................................................................................. 12 Protection functions ................................................................................................. 15 Whole structure of protection program.................................................................. 15 The protection basic elements ................................................................................ 15 Monitoring function .................................................................................................. 24 Other logic of pilot protection ................................................................................. 28 Pilot protection.......................................................................................................... 30 Four zones distance protection .............................................................................. 34 Zero-current protection ............................................................................................ 37 Direction over current protection ........................................................................... 39 Over voltage protection............................................................................................ 40 Undervoltage protection........................................................................................... 40 Breaker failure protection ........................................................................................ 41 Autoreclose ............................................................................................................... 42 Broken Conductor Function .................................................................................... 46 Installation and commissioning .............................................................................. 47 Unpacking & repacking ............................................................................................ 47 Mounting .................................................................................................................... 47 Check before power on ............................................................................................ 47 Operation ................................................................................................................... 48 Safety precautions.................................................................................................... 48 Dialog with the equipment ....................................................................................... 49 Setting the functional parameters........................................................................... 53 Annunciations ........................................................................................................... 62 Testing and commissioning .................................................................................... 65 Commissioning using primary tests....................................................................... 74 Putting the equipment into operation..................................................................... 76 Maintenance .............................................................................................................. 77 Routine checks ......................................................................................................... 77 Relacing the back-up battery................................................................................... 77
C:\Pmsbp\CSC 162 dt 13.10.2007
8.3 Fault tracing............................................................................................................... 77 8.4 Repairs ....................................................................................................................... 77 8.5 The notices during operation .................................................................................. 77 8.6 Manipulation after replacing software or CPU....................................................... 78 8.7 Manipulation after replacing software or MASTER module ................................. 78 8.8 Manipulation after replacing input or output module ........................................... 78 8.9 Manipulation after replacing AC module................................................................ 78 8.10 Several illuminations ................................................................................................ 79 9. Storage ....................................................................................................................... 80 10. Ordering.83 10.1 Selection and ordering data.84 10.2 Ordering data84 10.3 Accessories..85 11. Appendix.................................................................................................................... 85 A Terminal diagram ................................................................................................................. 85 B Communication Protocol Tables........................................................................................ 86
C:\Pmsbp\CSC 162 dt 13.10.2007
1. Introduction
1.1 Application CSC-162 numerical transmission lines protection equipment applicable to 132kV and lower voltage transmission lines. The product consists of primary protection namely 4 zones distance protection, 1 stage Definite time and Inverse time zero current protection, 1 stage Definite time and Inverse time over-current protection, 2 stages over-voltage protection, 2 stages under-voltage protection, circuit breaker failure protection and three phase auto-re-close etc, as shown in Table.1-1. Table.1-1 Main function and arrangement Main function and arrangement Definite Over Definite 4 zones phases- time and Three voltage time and Type Phase distance and Inverse Circuit phase and inverse Autoground distance time breaker Under time over zero Seq failure Re-close protection voltage current current CSC-161/2 1.2 Features The equipment has characteristics as follows: The microprocessor combined 32 bits DSP with MCU, high performance hardware system ensures the parallel real-time calculation in all components of the equipment. Protective functions, man-machine interface and also communications functions are completely independent in equipment. This improves the reliability and makes debugging installation, maintenance easier. Internal module is designed in such a way that a comprehensive real-time selfmonitoring is performed. Dual A/D sampling in analog circuit, performing real time self-testing.
Latest checking methods are used which can detect coil performance in
energized circuit. Therefore failure of the relay is identified easily The equipment provides periodical automatic testing. Disturbance recorder with larger capacity, (memory up to 4M bytes), can record more than 5 records. Optional event format or wave format is provided when the records need to be printed. Fault wave disturbance records can be easily
extracted through serial port or Ethernet port and saved in COMTRADE format 1000 event records which are date and time tagged are stored in non volatile memory to ensure that the data are not lost when DC supply fails. The relay can record protection operating process, logic flow and various calculated values. Our CSPC software can be used for viewing the above and also the recorded fault data and for analyzing disturbance records via RS-232 serial port on the relay front fascia 2-channel high speed reliable electric Ethernet ports (optional optical fiber Ethernet ports), 2-channel Lon-Works ports, RS-485 port and series printing port are provided; the user can select any of these according to the requirements. The protocol supports IEC60870-5-103, IEC61850 or CSC-2000 of Sifang Company, for interface with substation automatization system and protection management information system. Liquid crystal display with backlit is provided to display various messages such as current, voltage, power, frequency, Strip State, setting zones etc. The menu is easy to operate. Four shortcut keys are set to finish operation with one key for local operator. 1.3 Functions Tele-Protection scheme (distance protection) Distance protection is the primary protection for transmission line. Relay is suitable for 2 types of channel aided schemes viz, permissive under reach mode and permissive over reach mode. It consists of directional distance element, directional zero-sequence and negative-sequence element. Directional distance element consists of directional phase to earth distance element and phase to phase distance element. Distance protection (Z) Both phase to phase distance protection and phase to earth distance protection are provided in CSC-162 Distance protection protects the transmission line and has a backup protection for the power system. This protection has four settable zones; in addition, every zone can be enabled or dis-enabled via binary settings. When VT fuse fails , distance scheme is blocked, thereby avoiding the maloperation.The distance characteristic is polygonal. Power swing blocking (PSB) In 150ms after the abrupt current startup element operates, or when power swing startup element or zero-current startup element operates, the executing program will directly go into the logic part of power swing blocking. For asymmetric faults detection element, Zero-sequence and negative-sequence current can distinguish fault from swing. The criterion is described as below. |I0|>m1|I1| or I2>m2|I1|
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For three-phase fault detection element, the method distinguishing fault from power swing: 1. Within time , if R < K RMin (1800, TZMAX, ) is satisfied, it is determined that fault occurs in power system. 2. Within time , if R K RMin (1800, TZMAX, ) is satisfied, it is determined that swing occurs in power system. Zero-current protection (3I0) This protection function is a backup protection for the transmission lines and the power system. The protection is one stage definite time 3I0>. The zero-current protection Function can be enabled via binary settings. Inverse time zero current protection (3I0_INV) The directional element of inverse time zero current protection can be enabled or disabled via binary settings. Its characteristic equation is as shown below;
T= T 0 _ factor + T0_INV Id N0 ( ) 1 3I 0 _ INV
Id - fault current. T0_factor - Time factor of inverse time zero-current. N0 - Index of inverse time zero-current. 3I0_INV - current setting of inverse time zero current. T0_INV - delay time setting of inverse time zero current which can meet the requirement that inverse time zero current co-operates with different protection. Inverse curves can be obtained according to the following setting N0=0.02 and T0_factor=0.14 Standard inverse (IEC Standard) N0=1 and T0_factor=13.5 Very inverse N0=2 and T0_factor=80 Extremity inverse. Over current protection (OC) This protection function is a backup protection for the transmission lines and the power system. The protection is one stage definite time I>. The over-current protection Function can be enabled via binary settings. Inverse time over current protection (OC_INV) The directional element of inverse time over current protection can be enabled or disabled via binary settings. Its characteristic equation is as shown below;
T= Toc _ factor + Toc_INV Id ( ) Noc 1 Ioc _ INV
Id - fault current. Toc_factor - Time factor of inverse time over current. Noc - Index of inverse time over current.
Ioc_INV - current setting of inverse time over current. Toc_INV - delay time setting of inverse time over current which can meet the requirement that inverse time over current co-operates with different protection. Inverse curves can be obtained according to the following setting Noc=0.02 and Toc_factor=0.14 Standard inverse (IEC Standard) Noc=1 and Toc_factor=13.5 Very inverse Noc=2 and Toc_factor=80 Extremity inverse. Over voltage protection Uph-e> (OV) The protection comprises 2 stages Uph-e >. The phase voltage is measured directly at the VT. The overvoltage protection function can be enabled via binary settings. Under voltage protection Uph-e< (UV) The protection comprises 2 stages Uph-e <. The phase voltage is measured directly at the VT. The undervoltage protection Function can be enabled via binary settings. Circuit breaker failure protection (CBF) In the event of a fault on the transmission line, the transmission line can remain on line if the circuit breaker is defective and could suffer substantial damage. Breaker failure protection evaluates current component. Current component include a maximum current I>.It can be started by internal protective tripping or external via binary input. Auto-reclose (AR) CSC-162 protection system has three-phase auto-reclose. For any fault on the line, all the three poles will be tripped, and all the three poles will be re-closed. This function can be enabled via binary settings. Broken Conductor CSC-162 relay has broken conductor function, if the necessary condition are satisfied, relay can give alarm and trip output. On-load measurement The on-load measured values generated in the unit such as current, voltage, phase angle, etc. can be displayed at the LCD or by means of a PC.
2. Design
2.1 Mechanical structure The enclosure for equipment is 19 inches in width and 4U in height according to IEC 60297-3. The equipment is flush mounting with panel cutout and cabinet. Connection terminals to other system on the rear. The front panel of equipment is aluminum alloy by founding in integer and overturn downward. LCD, LED and setting keys are mounted on the panel. There is a serial interface on the panel suitable for connecting a PC. Draw-out modules for serviceability are fixed by lock component. The modules can be combined through the bus on the rear board. Both the equipment and the other system can be combined through the rear interfaces.
Fig.2-1 CSC-162 protection equipment view
2.2 Dimensions Dimension drawings for CSC-162 are shown in Fig.2-2.
Fig.2-2 flush-mounted enclosure of 162 with panel cutout (dimensions in mm)
3. Technical data
3.1 General data
Analog input and output
Nominal Frequency 50 Hz Current Inputs Rated current IN 1 A or 5 A Current Overload Capability per Current Input Thermal (rms.) 2 IN continuously 10 x IN for 10s 70 x IN for 1s Voltage Inputs Rated Voltage UN 110/3 Voltage Overload Capability in Voltage Path per Input Thermal (rms.) 1.2 UN continuously 1.4 UN 10s 3.1.1 Power supply Voltage Supply ( to be mentioned before Purchase order) Rated auxiliary voltage UDC 110V DC 220V DC Permissible voltage ranges 88V~121V 176V~242V 3.1.2 Binary inputs and outputs Binary inputs Variant Quantity CSC-161/2 19 Rated voltage range Binary outputs Variant CSC-161/2 Rated voltage range 110V/ 220V DC
Trip contacts Quantity 48 NO contacts 110V/ 220V DC
Alarm contacts Quantity 16 NO contacts
3.1.3 Communications interfaces Operator Interface local Connection type Medium of connection Type of connector Type of data transfer Speed of communication Dielectric level Maximum cable length
RS-232 Electric DB25 Serial 9600bps III 10m
Ethernet Electric RJ45 Serial 10/100Mbps III 110m
RS-485 electric twisted-pair serial 9600bps~38400bps III 1.2km
RS-232:Print Functions supported by setting, fault this port report, waveform report
See setting, see setting, fault fault report, report, waveform waveform report report
Rear port for 2 Ethernet 2 RS-485 substation automation CSC2000 or IEC 60870-5- CSC2000 or IEC 60870Communication protocol 103 or IEC 61850 5-103 or IEC 61850 Medium of connection Either optics or electric Electric Type of connector RJ45 Twisted-pair Speed of 10/100Mbps 9600bps~38400bps communication Dielectric level III III Maximum cable length 110m 1.2km Note: Optical port is optional by order. 3.1.5 Other general data Other General data of the equipments see table 3. Table 3 General data of the equipments No. Item Class/rated According Note to standards 1 Environment conditions 1.1 Ambient temperature -10C~+55C 1.2 Extreme range of -25C~+70C IEC 60255ambient temperature 61988 (GB/T 1.3 Atmospheric pressure 80 -110kPa 14047-1993 1.4 Operative ranges of (80% -110% )UN IDT ) auxiliary energizing quantities 1.5 Relative humidity 75% 1.6 Storage temperature -10C ~ +40C 2 Rated parameters 2.1 Rated value of voltage 110V or 220V 2.2 Rated value of current 1A or 5A 2.3 Rated value of 50Hz frequency 3 Burden 3.1 rated burden AC current DL/T 478-2001 circuit 1VA AC voltage circuit 0.5A DC power supply circuit: 50W Specific rating defined by Manufacturer in IEC 60255-6 1988
4 Thermal property 4.1 Thermal of short and AC current circuit long time 2 In -continuously 10 x IN for10s 70 x IN for1s AC voltage circuit 1.2 UN-continuously 1.4 UN for10s 5 Electrical insulation 5.1 Insulation resistance 100M
DL/T 478-2001
5.2
Insulation resistance in 1.5M dry heat
IEC 60255-5 2000 (GB/T 14598.3 -2006,IDT) DL/T 478-2001 No defined in IEC602555 500V was defined for less then 63V in IEC 60255-5
5.3
Dielectric voltage
5.4
Impulse voltage
AC 2kV Ui63V IEC 60255-5 1kV Ui <63V 2000 (GB/T 14598.3 -2006 ,IDT 5kV Ui63V 1kV UI<63V 1 class IEC60255-21-1 (GB/T 112872000 ,IDT) IEC60255-21-2 (GB/T 145371993,IDT) IEC 60255-22-1 (GB/T 14598.131998,IDT) IEC 61000-4-12 IEC 60255-22-2 (GB/T 14598.14 -1998,IDT) IEC 61000-4-2 IEC 62505-22-3 (GB/T 14598.9 -2002,IDT)
6 Mechanical property 6.1 Vibration
6.2 6.3
Shock Bump
1 class 1 class
7 EMC 7.1 Burst disturbance
7.2
ESD disturbance
3 class common mode 2.5kV, differential mode 1.0kV 4 class contact 8kV
Add 100kHz harsh more IEC6025522-1 Harsh more 3 class of IEC 6025522-2
7.3
Radiated electromagnetic disturbance
3 class 10V/m
7.4
7.5
7.6 7.7
7.8
7.9
IEC 61000-4-3 Fast burst disturbance 4 class IEC60255-22-4 communication (GB/T14598.10 port --2kV -1996,IDT) others ports--4kV IEC 61000-4-4 Surge disturbance 4 class IEC 60255-22 communication 5, port --2kV IEC 61000-4-5 others ports--4kV Conducted disturbance 3 class 10V IEC 60255-22-6 of RF IEC 61000-4-6 Power frequency 5 class 100A/m IEC 61000-4-8 magnetic field disturbance Pulse frequency 5 class 1000A/m IEC 61000-4-9 magnetic field disturbance Damped oscillatory 5 class 100A/m IEC 61000-4-10 magnetic disturbance
Harsh more 3 class of IEC 6025522-4 Harsh more 3 Class of IEC 60255-22 -5
No defined in IEC6025522 No defined in IEC6025522 Actual up to 120A/m No defined in IEC 60255 -22
7.10
interruptions in auxiliary 50ms energizing quantities
7.11
Electromagnetic emission limits 8 safety 8.1 Insulation cooperation Clearance And creepage Distance Maximum temperature According with the of material Standard Flammability of V 0 class insulation materials Protection against Electric shock I class
GB/T 83671987 (eqv IEC6025511 IEC 61000-4-11 IEC 60255-25 (GB/T14598.16 -2002,IDT)
8.2 8.3
IEC 602555:2000 GB 16836-1997 GB 16836-1997 IEC 60950 GB 16836-1997 IEC 60536 GB 16836-1997
8.4
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9 Trip relay contact 9.1 Capacity of contact cut 50W out 9.2 Current of long time 5A 3.2 Function data 3.2.1 Tele protection for Distance protection Operation time: permission mode: 40ms. 3.2.2 Distance relay a) Resistance setting range: 0.01 - 40(5A), 0.01 - 200(1A). Reactance setting range: 0.01 - 60(5A), 0.01 - 300(1A). b) Transient overreaching of zone 1 of distance relay: 5% c) Operating time of zone 1 of distance relay: 30ms when fault occurs within 0.7 times setting value d) Measuring tolerance of fault locator (not including errors caused by external factors): +3% when fault current is greater than 0.01 In at earth fault, error will become bigger when fault occurs with greater path fault resistance. 3.2.3 Zero-sequence element a) Setting range: 0.1In -20In. b) Transient overreaching of Zero-sequence current: 5% c) Forward direction-operating zone of zero-sequence power directional element: 18 arg (3I0/3U0) 180 3.2.4 Over current relay a) Setting range: 0.1In - 20In. b) Measuring tolerance: 3% c) Forward direction-operating zone of zero-sequence power directional element: -90 arg (U/I) 30 3.2.5 Over-voltage relay a) Setting range: 1V - 120V. b) Measuring tolerance: 3% 3.2.6 Under-voltage relay a) Setting range: 1V - 60V. b) Measuring tolerance: 3% 3.2.7 Auto re-closure a) Angle error of synchronization check: 3 b) Voltage error of synchronization check: 0.7 Un 3% c) Measuring tolerance of low voltage detector: 0.3 Un 3% 3.2.8 Time element a) Setting range: 0s - 10s error grade: 0.01s b) Measuring tolerance of Setting: 1.5% or 20ms
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4. Hardware functions
4.1 Hardware arrangements 3 AC 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 CPU MASTER DI DO1 DO2 DO3 DO4 POWER Relay Alternating current Manage Digital Input Digital Output1 Digital Output2 Digital Output3 Digital Output4
45
20
40
20 20
20
20
20
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Fig.4-1 Arrangement diagram of the CSC-162system modules 4.2 Operations of complete units CSC-162is configured with 9 modules as shown in Fig.4-1 including AC module, CPU module, MASTER module, DI module, DO1 module, DO2 module, DO3 module, DO4 module, POWER module. 4.2.1 Alternating Current module (AC) The AC module functions are to transform the secondary signals of voltage and current transformers in power system into electric weak signals, and perform isolation and anti-interference. The AC modules of CSC-162are the same, the wiring terminal at rear panel is X3. There are 9 analog signal transformers in CSC161/2, used respectively to transform UA, UB, UC, UX, IA, IB, IC 3I0 and IN. There are two types of current transformer: Rated current 5A with linearity range 500mA 150A and rated current 1A with linearity range 100mA - 30A (please indicate clearly when order the product). Please pay attention that IN is the polarity terminal while IN is not. Rated phase value of voltage transformer is fixed to 110/ 3 V. 4.2.2 CPU module (CPU) Combined DSP with MCU, the 32-bit microprocessor with 1M bytes flash memory and 64 bytes RAM is employed to run programs in chip completely, and keep the data bus in a chip. There is a CPU module in the CSC-162system. CPU1 performs sampling, A/D transform, transmission analog data and input information, judgment of the protection theory, fault recorder and software and hardware selftesting etc.
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In order to backup data and test A/D by the protection itself, every AC analog circuit is divided to two channels to be sampled two analog quantities such as Ia and IaR for the current of phase A, Ib and IbR for the current of phase B. The analog quantities with postfix R such as IaR and IbR etc. are used to backup. 4.2.3 Management module (MASTER) This module is a management and communication module, and its wiring terminal is X3 at rear panel. It carries out communication and information exchange between the protection system and external equipments such as MMI, a PC, monitor and control system, engineer station, RTU and printer etc, and transmits remote metering, remote signaling, SOE, event reports and record data. According to requirement, double LON net ports, three electric Ethernet ports (optional optical Ethernet interface) and double RS485 ports can be set in master module to meet different substation automation system and RTU. In addition, time synchronization by GPS function can be also set to meet time regulation with network mode or impulse mode. A series printer port is also reserved. Note: Two groups of optical Ethernet can be selected according the user requirement. 4.2.4 Digital Input module (DI) The input module 1 wring terminal at rear panel is X6. It is used to connect the input signals and alarm signals such as the auxiliary contacts of the circuit breaker (CB) etc. Each of input modules has two groups input circuits and self-testing circuits, so all input circuits can be performed real time self-testing. The power supply of 24V energizing input module can be input directly, another group input need to be connected, 220V or 110V power can be used. 4.2.5 Digital Output module (DO) CSC-162is developed 4 DO module .The wiring terminal of DO1 module at rear panel is X7, that of DO2, 3 and 4 module is X8, X9 and X10 respectively. DO modules mainly provide tripping contacts, pickup breaker failure protection, pickup auto reclosure and alarm contacts etc, which can be output directly from modules with great performance against interference. CARR SEND-1 CH-1 on output X8 is speedy contacts, which is used to cooperate with communication interface device and energized by 24V. CARR SEND-2 CH-1can be can be energized by 220V or 110V.
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4.2.6 Power supply module (POWER) The power supply module with DC inverters module wiring terminal at rear panel is X11. Its input power is DC 220V or 110V (indication when ordered), and its outputs are five groups power supplies. 1. + 24V two groups provided: Power for inputs and outputs module 2. 12V: Power for A/D 3. + 5V: Power for all CPU
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5. Protection functions
5.1 Whole structure of protection program Software of CPU protection includes main program, sampling interruption service routine and fault detection routine. Main program is running under normal operation to perform hardware self-testing, setting solidified and transmission reports upward etc. Sampling interruption service program is active in a sampling interval time to implement data sampled, wave record and fault detected by abrupt current etc. Whenever the fault detector elements operate, fault detection program is executed to run all protection logic and judge CT circuit open or not etc. If any abnormal element is detected, a relevant alarm signal and report will be given. For the general alarm signals (ALARM II), only the signal is sent out to clue the operator to examine and repair. For the serious alarm signal threatening the protection security and reliability (ALARM I), once the signal is sent out, the protection output circuit is blocked. When fault occurs in power system, fault detection program does not return to the main program until it has finished all relevant protection functions required to meet the conditions of the whole reset. 5.2 The protection basic elements 5.2.1 Startup element Startup element main function is to detect faults, start the protection relay and energize positive power supply for the output relay. Once startup element operates, it does not reset until the all activated conditions return to normal reset mode. Startup element includes current abrupt startup, zero-sequence current startup, the loss of static stability startup, low-voltage startup element in weak-source and autoreclose startup element. The fault detection program is picked up and the positive power supply for the output relay is energized when any startup element operates. 5.2.1.1 Abrupt current of phase-phase element I Abrupt current phase-phase element is the main startup element that can sensitively detect most of faults. Its criterion is as follows i> I_abrupt Or 3i0> I_abrupt where i= || iK- iK-T|-| i K-T - iK-2T || means AB,BC or CA, K is the current sampling timingT=24 samples per cycle (K-T) is the sampling timing before one cycle from timing K, (K-2T) the sampling timing before two cycles from timing K, 3i0 is abrupt zero-current value, I_abrupt is the setting value of abrupt current. The abrupt current element operates when any phase-to-phase abrupt current i or zero-sequence abrupt current 3i0 continuously exceed the setting I_abrupt.
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5.2.1.2 Zero-sequence current startup element Besides abrupt current startup element, zero-sequence current element is also able to overcome the inadequate sensitivity problem of abrupt current startup element at faults with high resistance (up to 100 for 220kV, up to 300 for 500kV). As an auxiliary startup element, it operates with 30ms delay. Its criterion is as follows: 3I0 > 0.9*I0set Where 3I0 is three times zero-sequence current, I0set is the minimal value of the following values (1) The setting value of the zero-sequence current, (2) The setting value of inverse time zero current, 5.2.1.3 The static stability detector To ensure the proper operation during loss of static stability state, the loss of static stability detector is considered Its operating conditions are described as below. (1) All currents of phase A, B and C are bigger than the current setting of I_PS and the abrupt current elements have not operated. (2) All impedances of phase-to-phase AB, BC and CA enter into zone of distance relay, and the abrupt current elements have not operated. Any of the above conditions has been validated for 30ms, power system is regarded in the loss of static stability state, then, the startup element operates, the protection program is switched to power swing blocking module, at the same time, Z STARTUP or I_PS STARTUP and RELAY STARTUP are reported. 5.2.1.4 Lower voltage startup element (detailed in weak-source part) When one end of the protected line is weak-source system, lower voltage can be used to startup protection for permission mode. Its criterion: Single-phase voltage is less than 30V or phase-to-phase voltage is less than 50V and the relay receives signal. 5.2.1.5 Auto re-close startup element Protection tripping and the contacts of CB can cause autoreclose. Detailed in autoreclose part 5.16. 5.2.2 Phase selector Using integrated phase selector detect various fault types, phase selector can pick out the faulted phase for selective-phase tripping. Abrupt current phase selector is used at the beginning of fault after abrupt current startup, later; sequence fault components phase selector is used. Both abruptcurrent phase selector and sequence fault components phase selectors are not applicable to weak-source system and feeder terminal line where low voltage phase selector is employed.
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5.2.2.1 Abrupt current phase selector Abrupt current phase selector employs phase-to-phase differential current IAB, IBC and ICA to detect the faulted phase by comparing the value of these currents. The amplitude of phase-to-phase differential current IAB, IBC and ICA at different faults are shown in Tab.5-1 below. (Where + means the bigger one, ++ the biggest one, means the smaller one) Table.5-1 Phase Slected AB BC CA ABC A B C I + + ++ + + ++ IAB IBC ICA + + + + + + ++ + + ++ ++ ++
IAB, IBC and ICA can be sorted into the biggest, the bigger and the smaller, then the fault selection result can be implemented according to Tab.5-1. 5.2.2.2 Sequence current phase selector Steady state sequence current phase selector mainly uses the angle relation of zeroand negative- sequence current to detect the fault phase with an additional method based on phase-to-phase impedance. Theoretical analysis have demonstrated that, compared with phasor I0a, I2a locates at area of -30~+30when A-phase earth fault occurs or BC-phase earth fault does with a smaller resistance, furthermore, I2a lags behind I0a close to 90 with the resistance increasing. Six phasor areas can be divided according to the angle relation of I2a/I0a as shown in Fig.5-1.
I 0a
+30
ABN
AN, BCN
- 30
BCN
+90
- 90
CN, ABN BN, CAN
0 0
+150
CAN
- 150
Fig.5-1 Phasor areas of steady state sequence phase selector 1. +30~ -30 conforms to AN or BCN 2. +90~ +30 conforms to ABN 3. +150~ +90 conforms to CN or ABN 4. -150~ +150 conforms to CAN 5. -90~ -150 conforms to BN or CAN 6. -30~ -90 conforms to BCN
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Corresponding phase-to-phase faults are affirmed directly in the above areas of (2), (4) and (6). On the other hand, in phasor areas of (1), (3) and (5), there are singlephase and phase-to-phase both fault types which are always independent to each other and can be differentiated by phase-to-phase impedance calculation. If phaseto-phase impedance is bigger than its setting, then phase-to-phase fault is impossible, single-phase-ground fault can be confirmed, otherwise phase-to-phase fault will be done. 5.2.2.3 Low voltage phase selector Low voltage phase selector mainly meets phase selection of the relay fixed at weaksource end where both of the above phase selectors can not select faulted phase. If VT circuit does not open, low voltage phase selector can be put into operation. Its criterion is as below. a) Any one of phase voltage is less than 30V and other two phases voltage are larger than 50V, then the single phase with lower voltage is decided. b) If phase-to-phase voltage is less than 30V phase-to-phase fault is decided. 5.2.3 Distance element Distance protection consists of measuring unit and directional unit. 5.2.3.1 Operating characteristics of distance element Every zone of the distance element is of the polygonal characteristics as shown in Fig.5-2. For 4 zones phase-to-phase distance relay, RSET and XSET of zone 1, 2,3 and 4 is respectively set to R1_pp, R2_pp, R3_pp, R4_pp, X1_pp, X2_pp, X3_pp and X4_pp. For 4 zones phase-to-ground distance relay, RSET and XSET of zone 1, 2, 3 and 4 is respectively set to R1_pe, R2_pe, R3_pe, R4_pe, X1_pe, X2_pe, X3_pe and X4_pe. Where XSET is set according to the protected range and RSET is set according to avoiding load impedance (under general instance), which meets different requirements to enhance the resistive tolerance to high path fault resistance for short line and to improve the ability of avoiding load impedance for long line. The reactance line of polygon is inclined to an obliquitous angle 7(as shown in Fig.5-2) to enhance the ability to prevent the relay from overreaching at forward external faults. When fault occurs after reclose or manual close, based on the characteristics shown in Fig.5-2, the impedance operating characteristics includes a small rectangle area at the center of coordinates as shown in Fig.5-3. This is called impedance-offset characteristics that can ensure that faults near the bus can be reliably cleared. Zone 3 of distance element has offset characteristics when three-phase fault occurs.
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Fig.5-2
Fig.5-3
Fig.5 operating characteristics of polygonal distance protection The values in the small rectangle operation area are shown in Tab.5-2. Tab.5-2 X is set as XSET/2, if XSET 1 Setting X is set to 0.5(In=5A) or 2.5 (In=1A), if XSET>1 Setting The minimum among 8 times the above X and RSET/4 Where XSET is the reactance setting of relevant elements, RSET is the resistance setting of relevant elements. 5.2.3.2 Measuring unit of distance element Based on differential equation arithmetic, measuring element calculates relevant circuit impedance value with real-time voltage and current. For single-phase-to-ground impedance: d ( I + K X 3I 0 ) U=L * +R *(I+Kr3I0), = A, B, C. dt dI For phase-to-phase impedance: U=L + RI, =AB, BC, CA. dt Where Kx = (X0-X1)/ (3X1), Kr = (R0-R1)/ (3R1). Measuring resistance R and reactance X (X =L=2fL) at relay location can be obtained by means of calculating the above differential equations. 5.2.3.3 Directional unit of distance element Special directional elements are set to resolve dead zone for distance protection when fault occurs near the bus. For symmetric fault, the memory voltage that is the pre-fault voltage is used to compare phasor with post-fault current to detect direction. For asymmetric fault near the bus, negative-sequence directional element is taken as directional element of distance relay. The operating conditions for distance relay are as below: The forward directional element operates, and measuring impedance lies within the setting polygon area.
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5.2.4 Zero-sequence directional unit Zero-sequence current directional unit is composed of forward and reverse directional elements whose operation areas are shown in Fig.5-4. The threshold of forward directional element can be set while that of reverse directional element can not, whose sensitivity is automatically higher than forward element, and threshold is 0.625 times that of the forward element. Area of forward directional element is 18 arg (3 I 0/3 U 0) 180 Area of reverse directional element is -162 arg (3 I 0/3 U 0) 0
. .
l m
forward
81 81 18
3U0
reverse
Fig.5-4 Operation area of zero-sequence current directional element a Criterion of forward directional element is as below. Directional element lies in the forward directional operation area and 3I0>3I0SET. Where 3I0SET are the setting of inverse time zero-sequence current, and the setting values of of zero-sequence current 3I0. b) Criterion of reverse directional element is as below. Directional element lies in the reverse directional operation area and 3I0>0.625*3I0SET. The zero-sequence directional element employs the 3U0 that is obtained by software summing three-phase voltage. 5.2.5 Negative-sequence directional element Negative-sequence directional element is taken as condition of enabling impedance directional element for asymmetric faults. Operation area is shown in Fig.5-5. Area of forward directional element is 18 arg (3 I 2/3 U 2) 180, Area of reverse directional element is -162 arg (3 I 2/3 U 2) 0.
. . . .
20
l m
forward
81 81 18
3U2
reverse
Fig.5-5 Operation area of negative-sequence directional element 5.2.6 Opening element of power swing blocking Power system is impossible to begin swing within 150ms after sudden-charge current startup element operating, therefore, during this time, all distance relays are settled to take on action, and power swing block need not be enabled. After the setting of T_PS NO BLOCKING, all distance relays are settled to take on action, and power swing block need not be enabled. After 150ms or the protection startup by loss of static stability or zero-sequence current, the distance relay must be enabled by fault detector to prevent mistake trip during power swing. Fault detectors for power swing blocking are different for asymmetric faults and three-phase fault. 5.2.6.1 Asymmetric faults detection element Zero- and negative-sequence current can distinguish fault from swing. The criterion is described as below. |I0|>m1|I1| or I 2>m2|I 1| Where m1 and m2 ensure that, during power swing, the mal-operation of the distance protection is not caused when external fault occurs under the most disadvantageous conditions of power system but asymmetric faults detection element can be operates when internal asymmetric fault occurs. When power swing happens, I0 and I 2 are close to zero, it is impossible for the above formula to come into being. When power swing and external fault occur, the smaller fault component current at the relay location cant meet the above formula. When power swing and internal fault occur, I0 and I 2 will be big enough to meet the above formula. To keep the protection from mistake trip caused by the imbalance output of zero- and negative-sequence current when the external fault is removed, the protection has to operate in a certain short time delay.
21
5.2.6.2 Three phase fault detection element a) During power swing, measuring resistance or measuring impedance at the relay location is continuously changing with time, and sometimes the change is slow, sometimes the change is intensive, the change rate is decided by swing period and the machine angle . Curve 1 and curve 2 in Fig.5-6-(a) are the trajectories of measuring resistance changing with time, where Rf is load resistance component and Tz is swing period. Whether the trajectory of measuring impedance is a line or a circular arc on R-X plane during power swing, is decided by electromotive force of both terminals equivalent system, as shown in Fig.5-6-(b).
Rm (t) 1 Rf 2 jX
t
0
Zm R
Tz b
(a) Measuring resistance Rm. changing with time (b) the track of measuring impedance on R-X plane Fig.5-6 The trajectory of measuring impedance during power swing
Rm (t) Rf Rk
O t1 t2 t3
Fig.5-7 The trajectory of pre- and post-fault measuring resistance changing with time b) When fault occurs on the protected line, resistance component of measuring impedance maybe changes due to electric arc elongated, but analysis and calculation show that changing rate of arc resistance is far less than that of resistance corresponding to the possibly biggest swing period noted up to the present. After short circuit, measuring resistance is resistance RK of short circuit, whose value hardly changes or almost keeps invariability, as shown in
22
Fig.5-7. The rule of measuring impedance is also similar. Contrasting Fig.5-6 with Fig.5-7, it can be seen that power system is determined to be in the swing state if measuring resistance is always changing and exceeds a threshold value in a period of time. Therefore, the least change of resistance is looked over during power swing. It can be known from analyzing Fig.5-6 that the instance of the least change of measuring resistance occurs in the following conditions. (1) near =180 (2) the biggest swing period TZMAX. And then, enlarge this part track of resistance change to be shown in Fig.11.
Rm
TZMAX swing curve
180
Rmin
/2
Fig.5-8The instance of the least change of measuring resistance It can be known from Fig.5-8 that a minimum changing resistance RMin (1800, TZMAX, ) is obtained corresponding to a time , in this way, for any swing period and any time period , all exist: R RMin (1800, TZMAX, ). Therefore, consider error and protection margin, take the following formula as criterion detecting swing. R KRMin (1800, TZMAX, ) (1) Reliable coefficient K is a less than 1. Surely, also consider equivalent system impedance Z S for (1). And, for a different regulated time , the corresponding RMin (1800, TZMAX, ) can be calculated. Concluding the above analysis, we can reason the method distinguishing fault from power swing: 1. Within time , if R < KRMin (1800, TZMAX, ) is satisfied, it is determined that fault occurs in power system. 2. Within time , if R KRMin (1800, TZMAX, ) is satisfied, it is determined that swing occurs in power system. When fault occurs, it is possible that formula (1) is satisfied due to time too small, however, can be increased to relax the restrained condition R < KRMin (1800, TZMAX, ), and to make use of it to identify fault gradually. c) When fault suddenly occurs on the protected line, if the angles between two sources do not reach 180, or three-phase fault occurs outside the swing center, the magnitude and angle of pre- or post-fault impedance must have great sudden change. Based on this characteristic, distance element can be enabled quickly when three-phase fault occurs in power system without serious swing or under the conditions that swing does not occur after protection pickup for 150ms.
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5.3 Monitoring function 5.3.1 Software monitoring
5.3.1.1 Loss of measure voltage detection Interruptions in the secondary circuits of voltage transformers is detected and reported by the device. Two criteria are set to detect VT circuit opened and both of them have delay time. Only under normal operation and without any element startup, they are put into operating. Hardly does the circuit-opened detector stop operating when any startup element operates, and it is not enabled until all system reset. Criterion a: The sum of three phase voltages is not equal to zero, U a + U b + U c >7V(r.m.s) This is used to detect one phase or two phases circuit open. Criterion b: When VT is connected to bus, if any phase voltage Ua, Ub or Uc is less than 8V, VT fuse fail is confirmed When VT is connected to line, if any phase voltage Ua, Ub or Uc is less than 8V, and any phase current is larger than 0.04In or circuit breaker (CB) is in the closed state, VT fuse fail is confirmed The additional current condition of criterion b is to avoid undesired alarms before CB is switched on when VT is on the line side. The additional condition which CB is in the closed state is to avoid that the system can be unable to give an alarm in case of loss of voltage for three phases when the line current is too small (for example, CB lying at another terminal of the line is off). When VT circuit is opened, VT Fail is reported, and all distance units, negative sequence directional unit, abrupt directional element, directional over current unit and zero current unit with direction are forbidden to operate. Measure voltage will be continuously supervised in order that each element can be automatically put into the operation again as soon as the voltage returns to the normal. VT Fail judge logic is shown below in Fig.5-9:
. . .
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Relay startup
3U0 >7V
& AND1
& AND2
VT FAIL
NO DI CB OPEN
1 OR1
VT_bus
1 OR2
Relay test
& AND3
& AND5
Ia(b,c) > 0.04In
& AND4
Ua(b,c) < 8V
Fig.5-9 VT Fail judge logic
5.3.1.2 CT failure/current unbalance To prevent the relay from wrong trip, interruptions in the secondary circuits of current transformers is detected and reported by the device. When the zero-sequence current is always larger than the setting value of 3I0 for 12s, CT Fail will be reported and zero-sequence current protection will be blocked.
5.3.1.3 Check Phase-sequence for voltage and current In normal condition of power system, whether AC circuits of three phases are connected in right sequence or not can be distinguished by phasor comparison of three phases current and voltage. If they are in abnormal sequence, 3-PH SEQ Err will be reported.
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5.3.1.4 Check 3I0 polarity By comparing value and phasor of calculation 3I0 (IA+ IB + IC) with that of 3I0 external connected, whether the polarity of external 3I0 is connected in reverse or not can be differentiated, if it is in reverse, 3I0 Reverse will be reported. 5.3.1.5 Check the third harmonic of voltage If the third harmonic voltage exceeds 4V, Harmonic Alarm will be reported with 10s delay time, but the protection is not blocked. 5.3.1.6 Line reference voltage check Under the auto-reclose condition of three-phase mode, if there is current through line or not, input of auxiliary tripping contact of CB, which indicates CB is in the close state. The following methods can check the line voltage in good condition. When AR_check Sync or AR_check low U is set for automatic reclosure modes, if the voltages between both sides of CB can not meet the setting synchronism condition, which is confirmed with 14s delay time, SYN Voltage Err is reported. The system supervises extractive voltage on real time. 5.3.1.7 Check auxiliary contact of circuit breaker (CB) If there is input signal of auxiliary contact of CB, and corresponding phase has current, which is confirmed with 2s-delay time, CB Open Err is reported.
5.3.1.8 Check for the illogicality of setting a) In function of pilot protection such as< POR mode > and < PUR mode >, if both modes are put into operation at the same time, Pilot FUNC Alarm is alarmed. b) In function of automatic recolsure of equipment, if any two kinds of modes are put into operation at the same time among < AR_No check >, < AR_check low U > and < AR_check Sync >, AR FUNC Alarm is alarmed. c) Choose VT mode, If two kinds of modes are put into operation at the same time < VT_line >and < VT_bus>, VT Choice Alarm is alarmed. If for < VT_line >and < VT_bus> is not put into operation, relay is put into operation for < VT_bus>. d) In function of distance protection, Z4 put into operation, if two kinds of modes are put into operation at the same time < Reverse_Z4 >and < Forward_Z4 >, Z4 Choice Alarm is alarmed. 5.3.1.9 Check of the CSC-162relay system a) CPU module check. CPU module performs self-testing to its memories, analog channels and program during power on, parts of the above are checked by itself in real time during the system running. If any of them is confirmed to be incorrect, alarm will be given, and the protection will be blocked.
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b) The sampled data can be checked with each other in real time due to the redundancy of double A/D channel for one analog quality. If the difference between two channels exceeds the setting limit, one of the double channels is regarded as fault one. c) Each I/O module performs self-testing during power-up and real-time self-tests. Self-testing checks input channel, output channel, memories and code areas etc. Self-testing of input channel is performed by bit changing simulation. Self-testing of output channel includes coil tests and outer circuit tests. The tests are very thorough with wide range, if any failure is confirmed, alarm is given. d) Real-time self-testing of communication ports. CPU module and MASTER module perform real-time self-tests of communication among all kinds of function modules. When interrupt communication is detected, alarm is given. e) MASTER module performs self-testing at power-up and real-time self-testing that check memories, program areas and relevant communication with the outside. If any abnormal event is detected, alarm will be given. The setting and strap messages stored in this module are checked with each other. f) Real-time supervision for DC power supply. g) CRC checks for the setting etc. 5.3.2 switch-on-to-fault protection (SOTF) The input of auxiliary tripping contact of CB lasts 10s, later I operates, and then the system regards this condition as manual closure of the CB. If no fault is detected, 1s later, the whole system resets. If fault is detected, instantaneous trip function put into operation. Distance relay use impedance element to detect fault, zero-current relay operates with 100ms delay, when fault occurs during switch-on-to-fault. When switch-on-to-fault line occurs, if the binary setting of distance relay is enabled, the distance relay will accelerate to operate. Six loops of impedance will be calculated, if any of them is located in the area of operating characteristics with offset region, the distance relay trips with no delay time. 5.3.3 Tripping after automatic reclose If the fault still exists after automatic reclose, then the protective elements will re-trip the circuit breaker. The equipment requires three auxiliary tripping contacts of segregated phase respectively as three binary inputs. For 3/2 bus connection scheme, each phase tripping contacts of two breakers must be series at first, and then the series contacts of each phase are connected to the corresponding binary input of the equipment. When the equipment has detected CB opened, and any phase current is larger than 0.1In(three-phase reclose mode) or the input of auxiliary tripping contact disappears, the equipment thinks that line has reclosed.
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5.3.4 The conditions of relay reset When all the following conditions have been meet for 5s, the whole relay resets from fault dealt program. a) Six loops of impedance are outside the 4 zone of impedance. b) Zero-current is less than the setting of zero-current startup value. c) All three-phase currents are less than the setting I_PS of loss of static stability. 5.4 Other logic of protection 5.4.1 Logic after tripping After tripping commands sent out, the current of tripping phase is in the supervision. When tripping phase has not current, the protection system considers that CB has been opened. If tripping phase always has current, the system output three-phase trip signal with 150ms delay. After this, if any phase current lasts 150ms, three-phase final tripping command is issued. Later, if CB still in close state lasts 5s, three-phase final tripping failure alarm will be sent out, and the whole relay will reset. Trip command will be withdrawal as soon as fault is cleared. To ensure that CB trips reliably, withdrawal command is impossible to be considered within 40ms after trip command sent out. When there is no current flowing through three phases for 12s after the output of three-phase trip command, the program routine jumps to the whole relay reset. The delay time of 12s is to believe that the most setting delay time for three-pole autoclosure is impossible larger than 10s. After tripping command output, the sending signal command (for permissive mode) does not return until tripping command has been withdrawal for 120ms in order to ensure the tele protection of both terminals to operate reliably.
5.4.2 Reverse directional elements Impedance directional element is set forward directional element. The threshold of forward directional element can be set while that of reverse directional element need not whose sensitivity is automatically higher than forward element. The usage of the reverse directional element is as follows. a) Tele protection sends signal with 40ms-delay time when the directional elements change from reverse direction to forward direction. It prevents relay wrong tripping when zero-sequence or negative-sequence power reversing flow during external faults cleared. b) In the protection logic for weak-source system, only all the forward and reverse directional elements do not operate, the send signal element using low-voltage could be put into operation.
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5.4.3 Protection schemes for feeder If one side of the line is feeder, when forward fault for the relay at feeder side occurs, the fault characters are no longer same as that of two side source system. To perform selective tripping function for a line with feeder, feeder tripping of pilot protection must be put into operation. If feeder function is enabled, CSC-162can fit the following conditions. When internal faults occur, the local relay sends out permissive signal (permissive mode) in order that the relay at power source side trips quickly. The relay at weaksource side can correctly perform selective trip. Phase selector of the relay at weak-source end can meet the phase-selection requirements for line faults, and the relay can correctly perform selective trip. Even if faults occur on load terminal line, the relay can either send out tripping command quickly and exactly or select fault phase correctly. 5.4.4.1 Logic of low-voltage pickup When abrupt current startup element does not pick up, if feeder function is enabled, relay starts up under the following conditions. a) Voltage is lower than 30V. b) Receiving signal. After pickup, the feeder relay will send signal (for permissive mode) quickly, and extend the signal 120ms to ensure the relay at power source side to trip quickly. 5.4.4.2 The relay trip logic at feeder At feeder side, if the relay have picked up and the following conditions are satisfied, the relay of permissive mode sends permissive signal. If the setting of the relay at feeder is enabled, the relay can trip after confirming permissive signal. c) d) e) f) At least one phase voltage or phase-phase voltage is less than 30V. Both the forward and reverse directional elements do not operate. Pickup time is less than 200ms. Receiving permissive signal for 5ms.
5.5 Tele protection schemes for Distance protection It is applicable to two kinds of communication modes: permissive under reach mode (PUR) and permissive over reach mode (POR).
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5.5.1 Pilot protection logic for permissive mode 5.5.1.1 Overreach permissive CSC-162pilot protection logic for overreach permissive mode is shown in Fig.5-10. When internal fault occurs, the startup elements and zone 2 can operate, permissive signal is sent out to the remote to permit the remote trip. If it is external fault that occurs on line, the forward directional element of one end of the line operates and does not receive permissive signal while that of another end of the line does not operate and receive permissive signal, therefore, both ends cant trip. a) Internal fault <Startup element>operates, relay trip for meeting following condition. 1) Instantaneous trip if Zone 1 Operation 2) Zone 2 + permission Signal from Remote end for 5ms. Zone 2 operates that permissive signal is sent out to the remote. b) External Fault Because the directional element near fault detects reverse direction, it does not send permissive signal to the remote. Although the remote relay can send signal, it cannot receive the remote permissive signal, therefore, both of two sides do not trip. c) Power flow reversing for external fault The method to resolve this problem for the relay is that the relay sends signal with 40ms delay time when the directional element operates from the reverse to the forward to avoid the period in which both sides are forward direction, and then both sides trip after sending signal is confirmed with 15ms delay when internal fault occurs again. d) Protection schemes for feeder The binary setting Feeder_FUNC is enabled. 1. For feeder end, abrupt current startup element cannot operates, the logic of the low voltage is startup: If the relay at feeder end receives the remote permissive signal and <low voltage element> operates, relay startup. 2. For feeder end, abrupt current startup element operates, the operating logic of the relay is as below. Within 200ms after protection pickup, if <low voltage element> operates, both the forward and reverse directional element at feeder end do not operate, and the permissive signal has been received for 5ms, (sending signal) lasted for 120ms to ensure the relay at power source end trips quickly, feeder end can also trip. e) The protection is not picked up, receives the remote signal < CARR RECEIVED > and there are < CB OPEN >, (send signal) can be done for 200ms to ensure the remote pilot protection operates reliably.
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Relay startup Relay reset Zone 2 operation Delay time 5ms CARR Received Single fault Multiphase fault Three phase fault &
Low voltage
AND-9 |0 120|
&
AND-1
&
AND-4
OR-2
CARR Send signal
&
AND-5
& &
AND-3 AND-2
&
AND-6
Trip three phase
&
AND-7
Trip three phase Permenent trip
&
AND-8
CB OPEN
OR-1
&
AND11 |0 200|
Fig.5-10 CSC-162pilot protection for overreach permission mode logic
5.5.2.2 Under reach permissive CSC-162pilot protection logic for under reach permissive mode is shown in Fig.5-11. When internal fault occurs, the startup elements and zone 1 can operate, permissive signal is sent out to the remote to permit the remote trip. If it is external fault that occurs on line, the forward directional element of one end of the line operates and does not receive permissive signal while that of another end of the line does not operate and receive permissive signal, therefore, both ends cant trip. a) Internal fault <Startup element>operates, relay trip for meeting following condition. 1) Instantaneous trip if Zone 1 Operation 2) Zone 2 + permission Signal from Remote end for 5ms. Zone 1 operates that permissive signal is sent out to the remote.
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b) External Fault Because the directional element near fault detects reverse direction, it does not send permissive signal to the remote. Although the remote relay can send signal, it cannot receive the remote permissive signal, therefore, both of two sides do not trip. c) Power flow reversing for external fault The method to resolve this problem for the relay is that the relay sends signal with 40ms delay time when the directional element operates from the reverse to the forward to avoid the period in which both sides are forward direction, and then both sides trip after sending signal is confirmed with 15ms delay when internal fault occurs again. d) Protection schemes for feeder The binary setting Feeder_FUNC is enabled. (1) For feeder end, abrupt current startup element cannot operates, the logic of the low voltage is startup: If the relay at feeder end receives the remote permissive signal and <low voltage element> operates, relay startup. (2) For feeder end, abrupt current startup element operates, the operating logic of the relay is as below. Within 200ms after protection pickup, if <low voltage element> operates, both the forward and reverse directional element at feeder end do not operate, and the permissive signal has been received for 5ms, (sending signal) lasted for 120ms to ensure the relay at power source end trips quickly. Feeder end can also trip. e) The protection is not picked up, receives the remote signal < CARR RECIEVED > and there are < CB OPEN >, (send signal) can be done for 200ms to ensure the remote pilot protection operates reliably.
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Relay startup Relay reset Zone 1 operation Zone 2 operation Delay time 5ms CARR Received Single fault Multiphase fault Three phase fault &
Low voltage
AND-9 |0 120|
&
AND-1
&
AND-4
OR-2
CARR Send signal
&
AND-5
& &
AND-3 AND-2
&
AND-6
Trip three phase
&
AND-7
Trip three phase Permenent trip
&
AND-8
CB OPEN
OR-1
&
AND11 |0 200|
Fig.5-11 CSC-162pilot protections for under reach permission mode logic Pilot direct trip function The pilot protection has input of B/LBB OPTD, it will give output Direct trip send for 200ms. If it has input of Direct trip RECV, it will give output Direct trip RECV.
Input Output
B/LBB OPTD Direct trip RECV
200
Direct trip send Direct trip RECV
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5.6 Four zones distance protection The distance relay consists of 4 zones phase-to-phase and 4 zones phase-to-earth distance elements, which is applied to remove phase-to-phase fault and single phase-to-earth fault. Zone 1, zone 2, zone 3 and zone 4 of distance relay are controlled respectively to be on or off by the binary setting. Zone 4 of distance relay can be set to operate in forward or reverse direction.
5.6.1 Some introductions of the program logic of the distance protection
5.6.1.1 Power swing blocking After the abrupt current startup element operates, the protection switches the executing program to the fault processed part, the distance measurement element is instantaneously opened for 150ms. Within 150ms, zone 1, zone 2, zone 3 and zone 4 of distance relay are fixedly put into operation. The abrupt current startup element operates after 150ms , or when the loss of static stability startup element or zerocurrent startup element operates, before the setting of T_PS NOBLOCKING, the executing program will directly go into the logic part of power swing blocking. In this period, four zones of distance relay must be enabled by fault detector of power swing blocking, that is, asymmetry faults are detected by asymmetry fault detector, three phase fault is detected by the impedance change rate detector (dR/dt) Four zones of distance relay are controlled by the setting to be selected whether they are blocked during power swing. If the setting is set off, four zones of distance relay are put into operation without blocking all the time during power swing. During power swing, there is a special program module to detect whether power swing quiets down or not, that is, if all zero-current elements, Power swing current detection element and six impedances of four zones of distance relay dont operate, after 5s, the whole system resets.
5.6.1.2 Loss of Potential Measurement The distance relay exits after loss of measure voltage, and at the same time, the measure voltage of VT is monitored continually. Once the voltage comes to the normal, the distance relay will be automatically put into operation again.
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5.6.2 Function of the distance relay as shown in Tab.5-4 Tab. 5-4 Item Zone Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4
binary setting Z_PS blocking Blocked unblocked Blocked unblocked Blocked unblocked Blocked unblocked
Trip mode / / / / Three phase trip Trip_no AR Trip_no AR Trip_no AR
trip control the setting Z1_FUNC the setting Z2_FUNC the setting Z3_FUNC the setting Z4_FUNC of of of of
5.6.3The scheme logic of distance protection The scheme logic of distance protection is shown in Fig.5-12. a) The measure element is enabled to operate for 150ms after abrupt current startup, if the calculated impedance lies in zone 1 of the distance relay: Whether zone 1 of the relay is blocked during power swing or not is controlled by the setting Z1_PS blocking. If the setting Z1_PS blocking is set to off, power swing blocking is disabled,. If the setting Z1_PS blocking is set to on, power swing blocking is enabled, distance relay are opened through detecting fault. Relay startup reclose after Zone 1 trip. b) If the calculated impedance lie in the operating area of zone 2: Whether zone 2 is blocked during power swing or not is controlled by the setting Z2_PS blocking. If the setting Z2_PS blocking is set to off, power swing blocking is disabled. If the setting Z2_PS blocking is set to on, power swing blocking is enabled. Relay dont startup reclose after Zone 2 trip with delay time. c) Fault occurs in the range of zone 3: Whether zone 3 is blocked during power swing or not is controlled by the setting Z3_PS blocking. If the setting Z3_PS blocking is set to off, power swing blocking is disabled. If the setting Z3_PS blocking is set to on, power swing blocking is enabled. Relay dont startup reclose after Zone 3 trip with delay time. d) Fault occurs in the range of zone 4: Whether zone 4 is blocked during power swing or not is controlled by the setting Z4_PS blocking. If the setting Z4_PS blocking is set to off, power swing blocking is disabled. If the setting Z4_PS blocking is set to on, power swing blocking is enabled. Relay dont startup reclose after Zone 4 trip with delay time. Zone 4 can be select Reverse_Z4 or Forward_Z4, Reverse_Z4 mainly apply to blocking mode.
35
Four zones distance relay dont consider power swing blocking after abrupt current startup for the setting T_PS NOBLOCKING. e) Permanent trip for three-phase fault: Relay will permanent trip for three-phase fault. f) Switch-on-to- fault: If any impedance lies in the area of zone 1, zone 2, zone 3, relay permanent trip immediately.
I_PS start up
Zerosequence current startup Current change startup Fault detect swing unblocking
Z1(2,3,4)_PS blocking
OR-1
&
AND-4 |150 0|
&
AND-1
OR-3
&
AND-2
OR-2
&
AND-5
Forward direction VT fail
&
AND-3
&
AND-6
Trip three phase
SOTF
&
AND-8
&
AND12
OR-4
Zone 1 -pe Zone 1 fault -pp Single Three phase fault Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4
|T2 0|
&
AND-9
Trip three phase
&
AND10
OR-7
|T3
0|
OR-6
&
AND11
Permenent trip
|T4
0|
Fig.5-12 Distance protection logic
36
5.7 Zero-current protection 5.7.1 Configuration and principle One stage directional definite time and inverse time zero current protection are set during three-phase operation. Directional element of zero current protection is fixed. Zero current is controlled to be on or off by the setting of 3I0_FUNC, and inverse time zero current protection is controlled to be on or off by the setting of 3I0_INV FUNC, Directional element of inverse time zero current protection is controlled to be on or off by the setting of 3I0_INV DIR. 5.7.2 Inverse time zero current protection The directional element of inverse time zero current protection can be on or off via the setting of 3I0_INV FUNC. Its characteristic is written as below:
T=
T0_factor + T0_INV Id N0 ( ) 1 3I0_INV
Where: Id fault current. T0_factor time coefficient of inverse time zero current. N0 Index setting of inverse time zero current. 3I0_INV current setting of inverse time zero current. T0_INV delay time setting of inverse time zero current which can meet the requirement that inverse time zero current co-operates with different protection. Inverse curves can be obtained according to the following setting: N0 =0.02 and T0_factor =0.14 Standard inverse (IEC Standard) N0 =1 and T0_factor =13.5 Very inverse N0 =2 and T0_factor =80 Extremity inverse. 5.7.3 Some explain about the program of zero current protection a) The polarity of 3U0 The protection system employs the self-count 3U0 which is obtained by the sum of three phase voltages by means of software for the zero-sequence directional element to detect direction. If VT circuit is open, zero protection with directional element exits automatically. b) CT circuit open To prevent sensitive zero current from maloperation caused by CT circuit open, the character that the zero-sequence voltage is zero in case of CT open can be employed to block zero-current directional protection which may maloperate by zero- sequence directional element. Zero current will last for a long time as CT circuit is open, if zero current is larger than the setting of 3I0 continuously for 12s, CT Fail will be reported, and every stage of zero protection will be blocked.
37
5.7.4 Function of zero current protection as shown in Tab.5-5 Tab.5-5 Directional Tripping mode Output element controlled controlled by setting control by setting Definite time of the setting of fixed with direction Permanent trip zero current 3I0_FUNC the the setting of Inverse time of setting3I0_INV Permanent trip 3I0_INV zero current DIR is on or off FUNC Item stage 5.7.5The scheme logic of zero-current protection The scheme logic of zero-current protection is shown in Fig.5-13. After the abrupt current startup element or zero current assistant startup element operate, the protection system goes into the executing program to the fault processed. Definite time zero current and inverse time zero current are put into operation under three-phase operation.
SOTF
3I0 FUNC 3I 0> 3I 0 & 3I0_INV FUNC
| T0 |
OR-3
Permenent trip
3I0
3I0_INV DIR
|T_INV |
&
Forward direction & VT fail CT fail CT fail

ALARM
&
|12s
0|
Fig.5-13 zero current protection logic
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5.8 Direction over current protection 5.8.1 Configuration and principle This protection function is a backup protection for the transmission line and the power system. The protection comprises one stage definite time over current and inverse time over current. The over current protection function can be applied to via binary settings. Each phase current is compared with the setting value Ioc_pe after numerical filtering. Currents above the associated pickup value are detected and signaled. The protection is blocked by directional element. Directional element is 90 connection mode. Current of each phase is controlled by corresponding directional component. Following figure (Fig.5-14) is over current directional element(current lags and angle of voltage is positive). directional element
I IA IB IC
forward
U UBC UCA UAB
A B C Forward -90 arg (U/I) 30
U
30
Fig.5-14 over current directional After expiry of the associated time delays Toc_pea trip command is issued. The function can be operation via a binary setting OC_FUNC ,and inverse time over current protection is controlled to be on or off by the setting of OC_INV_FUNC, Directional element of inverse time over current protection is controlled to be on or off by the setting of OC_INV DIR.. The over current function is permanent trip. 5.8.2 Inverse time over current protection The directional element of inverse time over current protection can be on or off via the setting of OC_INV FUNC. Its characteristic is written as below-
39
T=
Toc _ factor + Toc_INV Id Noc ( ) 1 Ioc _ INV
Where-Id fault current. Toc_factor time coefficient of inverse time over current. Noc Index setting of inverse time over current. OC_INV current setting of inverse time over current. Toc_INV delay time setting of inverse time over current which can meet the requirement that inverse time over current co-operates with different protection. Inverse curves can be obtained according to the following settingNoc =0.02 and Toc_factor =0.14 Standard inverse (IEC Standard) Noc =1 and Toc_factor =13.5 Very inverse Noc =2 and Toc_factor =80 Extremity inverse. The following figure (Fig.5-15) shows the logic diagram for over current.
OC FUNC I > I oc_pe &

| Toc
OC_INV FUNC I
OC_INV DIR
Permenent trip
&
| T_INV |
Forward direction & VT fail &
Note: I is phase current of Ia, Ib, Ic. Fig.5-15 Over current logic
5.9 Over voltage protection The relay comprises 2 stages over voltage function. The phase voltage is measured directly at the VT. The over voltage Function can be applied to via binary settings. Each phase voltage is compared with the setting value OV1_pe after numerical filtering. Voltages above the associated pickup value are detected and signaled. After expiry of the associated time delays Tov1_pea trip command is issued. The following figure (Fig.5-16) shows the logic diagram for first stage over voltage. The stage can be operation via a binary setting OV1_FUNC. Two stages over voltage is permanent trip.
40
OV1_FUNC
U>OV1_pe
&
Tov1_pe
OV2_FUNC
&
Tov2_pe
Permenent trip
U>OV2_pe
Note: U is phase voltage of Ua,Ub,Uc.
Fig.5-16 Over voltage logic 5.10 Under voltage protection The protection comprises 2 stages under voltage. The phase voltage is measured directly at the VT. The under voltage protection Function can be applied to via binary settings. Each phase voltage is compared with the setting value UV1_pe after numerical filtering. Voltages under the associated pickup value are detected and signaled. After expiry of the associated time delays Tuv1_pea trip command is issued. The following figure (Fig.5-17) shows the logic diagram for first stage under voltage. The stage can be operation via a binary setting UV1_FUNC. Two stages under voltage is permanent trip.
U<UV1_pe
&
UV1_FUNC
I>0.1In VT fail Initiate AR
& &
Tuv1_pe
& &
Tuv2_pe
UV2_FUNC
Permenent trip
U<UV2_pe
Note: U is phase voltage of Ua,Ub,Uc.
Fig.5-17 Under voltage logic 5.11 Breaker failure protection In the event of a fault on the transmission line, the transmission line can remain on line if the circuit breaker is defective and could suffer substantial damage. The breaker failure protection Function can be applied to via binary settings of CBF_ FUNC. If the breaker failure protection is intended to be initiated by internal protective tripping or external via binary input, to connect binary inputs of START CBF 3-PH to the device. Fig.5-18 shows the operating principle. When the trip signal appears from
41
any internal or external protection and at least one current is larger than I_CBF, the breaker failure protection is initiated and the corresponding delay time T_CBF is START 3-PH CBF. When three-phase circuit breaker failure start up, single-phase circuit breaker failure will be started up.
Relay trip DI of Start CBF 3-PH
CBF_ FUNC
IA>I_CBF IB>I_CBF IC>I_CBF
&
1
T_CBF
3P_CBF startup
Fig.5-18 Circuit Breaker Failure Protection logic Figure 5.12 Autoreclose 5.12.1 Autoreclose mode CSC-162protection system is provided with autoreclose whose performance is only to close the circuit breaker but not to select fault phase and trip. CSC-162protection system only have three phase autoreclose mode. In CSC162relay you can setup control word AR_3p modeto enable auto re-close. AR_3p mode-if three phase trip, and relay then reclose regardless of the fault types, whether single-phase fault or multi-phase fault. CSC-162have 4 checking modes of reclose : AR_No check, AR_check Sync, AR_check low U and AR_CB3, you can select any one of them by control word to enable it , if you select one checking mode ,conditions must be satisfied ,so autoreclose can perform. 5.12.2 Voltage and synchronism check When all three phases of the circuit breaker are open, three kinds of check mode are provided as below. a. Synchronism check: If the line voltages and bus bar voltages are larger than the value of have voltage setting, and meet the synchronous conditions, synchronizing reclose can be performed. b. Low voltage check: If the line voltages are checked to be less than the value of no-voltage setting, reclose can be performed. If the line voltages and bus bar voltages are all larger than the value of voltage setting, the check mode is automatically turned to synchronism check to reclose. c. No check: Whatever the line voltage and bus bar voltage are, autoreclose is
42
performed.when relay only enable AR_3p mode,and dont select any reclose mode of AR_No check, AR_check low U and AR_check Syn,then relay think it is in AR_No check mode . Note : (1)The threshold of low voltage check is 17V of rated voltage and that of voltage check is 40V of rated voltage, the angle of synchronism check can be set. (2)The voltage phases of synchronism check or low voltage check need not be set, as the protection system can automatically identify, that is to say, if autoreclose check mode is set to synchronism check or no-voltage check, the voltage phases is identified according to the voltage from the bus and line. When CB is closed, if the voltage phases whose voltage can be satisfied with synchronism check cant be found, SYN Voltage Err is alarmed, and A-phase voltage is regarded as the synchronism voltage. The voltages provided for the relays are always from the bus VT, so the reference voltage is referred to the voltage at terminal Ux for low voltage check or synchronism check. (3) When three check modes of autoreclose are all disenabled, the faceplate of LCD displays: check mode: No check. 5.12.3 Charge and discharge of autoreclose To avoid repetitious autoreclose, a special timer with charging interval for the setting T_Reclaim is set to perform the function of charge and discharge. Only after charge has been finished, autoreclose is enabled while charge is not finished, autoreclose is disenabled. a) The charge time counter starts when the following conditions are satisfied. (1) There is no input of CB OPEN. (2) The startup elements of autoreclose do not operate. (3) No input of blocking autoreclose. b) The charge time counter is reset when the following conditions are satisfied. (1) External signals of blocking reclose are received. (2) Discharge is performed when the reclose command is output. (3) There is no input of CB OPEN or INITIATE 3PH A/R when charge is not finished. (4)During autoreclose startup, the opened phase has current. 5.12.4 Autoreclosure pickup Two kinds of pickup mode are set by relay internal trip, digital input of other relay trip or the auxiliary contacts of CB. a) Auto re-close startup caused by other relay trip Input terminal INITIATE 3PH A/R. The relay must return immediately after a successful tripping and reclosure is started after the contacts return from the close position. b) Internal tripping signals have pick up autoreclose, therefore, the input terminal
43
for INITIATE 3PH A/R which need not be connected again from external contacts. Only distance zone 1 and pilot relay operate to startup reclose. Other relays operate to block AR. c) Autoreclose shot caused by the auxiliary contacts of CB Autoreclose shot caused by the auxiliary contacts of CB is mainly considered for CB occasional mal-open. The CB occasional mal-open of three-phase can be set by the control word to decide whether to pick up reclose or not. In addition, no accelerated contacts are given after successful reclose caused by the auxiliary contacts of CB. 5.12.5 Reclose When autoreclose is picked up, the following functions are performed before reclose signal output. a) Continue to detect the digital input of A/R BLOCK. If it is received, time counter of charging will be cleared, and the program of autoreclose will be reset. b) Voltage check is performed according to the setting of voltage and synchronism check, if voltage condition is not satisfied, the counter of time delay of autoreclose is cleared. c) If reclose command is sent out, autoreclose module is reset in 4s. When autoreclose is picked up, the discharging conditions are satisfied, autoreclose module is reset immediately and reclose is disabled. If it is caused by unsatisfied synchronism conditions or the others that reclose can not be performed successfully, autoreclose model will be reset with a certain time delay. Under three-phase autoreclose mode, it is the setting delay of three-phase autoreclose +12s. The voltages provided for the CSC-162protection system are always from the bus VT, so the reference voltage is referred to the voltage at terminal Ux for novoltage check or synchronism check. If the line voltages and bus voltages are all larger than the value of voltage setting, the check mode is automatically turned to synchronism check. 5.12.6 Blocking AR condition Relay will block reclose when any conditions occur, at the same time, it gives output of AR Lockout Alarm. a) Distance zone 1 operates when equipment has digital input of CARRIER FAIL. b) Distance zone 1 or pilot operates when the fault occur again after reclosing . c) Distance zone 1 or pilot operates when equipment has digital input of A/R BLOCK .
44
5.12.8 Both series of autoreclose operating at the same time The CB closed state are detected according to trip and current, when two series of autoreclose are set for one breaker and both of them are put into operation, it is impossible for the second autoreclose to take place. 5.12.9The scheme logic of autoreclose The scheme logic of auto reclose is shown in Fig.5-19. AR_3p mode on , if the three-phase occasional mal-tripping occurs, whether starting the reclose or not is determined by the control word, that is the control word of AR_CB3,the AR_CB3 is setuped to 1 to enable autoreclose. The AR_CB3 is setuped to 0 to disenable autoreclose.
AR_CB3
&
CB OPEN INITIATE 3PH A/R from 1 to 0
Distance trip
&
AR_3p mode
T3p_AR
Reclose
AR_No check AR_check Syn Syn condition meet AR_check low U Low condition voltage
&
&
A/R BLOCK
Fig.5-19 CSC-162automatic re-close logic
45
5.13 Broken Conductor Function This function can be enabled by control word of BROKEN COND_FUNC,if the function is enabled ,and relay will check several conditions to judge Broken Conductor ,the conditions as below : 1) |Ia-Ib|or|Ib-Ic|or|Ic-Ia| 0.15In 2) I2 > setting value of 3I2_BROKEN COND 3) T > setting value of T_BROKEN COND 4) no CB OEN digital input Broken Conductor function scheme logic is shown in Fig.5-20.
BROKEN COND FUNC |Ia-Ib|or|Ib-Ic| or|Ic-Ia|>0.15In CB OPEN
I2> 3I2_BROEKN COND
&
T_BROKEN COND
Report&Alarm
Fig.5-20 Broken Conductor Function logic
46
6. Installation and commissioning

6.1 Unpacking & re-packing
When dispatched from the factory, the equipment is packed in accordance with the guidelines laid down in IEC 60255-21, which specifies the impact resistance of packaging. This packing shall be removed with care, without force to the equipment and without the use of inappropriate tools. The equipment should be visually checked to ensure that there are no external traces of damage. Verify that the conformity certificates, matched documents, accessories are consistent with the order requirements, and ensure that the type, nameplate, numbers of the equipments are perfect and consistent with encasement sheet. The transport packing can be re-used for further transport when applied in the same way. The storage packing of the individual equipments is not suited to transport. If alternative packing is used, this must also provide the same degree of protection against mechanical shock, as laid down in IEC 60255-21-1 class 2 and IEC 60255-21-2 class 1. Before initial energization with supply voltage, the equipment shall be situated in the operating area for at least two hours in order to ensure temperature equalization and to avoid humidity influences and condensation.

6.2 Mounting The equipment ought to be fixed on panel or cabinet, and every connection bolt of the equipment must be firmed. Using earthing coppery wires connect the equipment ground and panel (cabinet) ground with bus line and verify the earthing is reliably. Checking the connection The equipment wiring must meet the requirements of wiring scheme.
6.3 Check before power on
Pull out all the modules, check-up whether the mechanical structure accessory on the board becomes flexible or there are mechanical damages and whether the wiring is fastness. Check the man-machine interface is connected with faceplate reliable. Check the type tag of the equipment on faceplate, the lighting tag, backboard terminal figure, terminal number tag and nameplate label of the equipment is intact and right. Each module withdrawal and insertion are flexible, spaces between module and plug slot are suitable right, and the insertion depth is satisfied. Verify the lock-up is reliable. The slice of current connecter for short circuit ought to be opened reliably when module is inserted. Test insulation resistance in turn between analog circuits and ground, and the circuits to each others every resistance must not be less than 100 M.
47
Check with power on Power supply check Testing of voltage output value and its stability: Every class output voltage must be maintained stably as shown in Tab.X when the input voltage of DC power supply is UN. Tab. Rating voltage +5 +12 12 +24 V Permissive range 4.85.2 1113 1113 2226
Give alarm after power off Energized DC power supply, the equipment for loss of power alarm ought to be excited reliably, and its contacts as X11-c16 and X11-a16 must be opened reliably. Cut off rating DC power supply, the relay for loss of power alarm ought to be lost magnetism reliably, and its contacts as X11-c16 and X11-a16 must be closed reliably.
7. Operation
7.1 Safety precautions During the equipment tests and start-up, the general safety regulations applicable to electrical systems must be complied with. Failure to comply with these regulations might cause harm to the working staff and damage to property. All the inspections and tests must only be carried out by specially trained personnel. Check the enclosure shell has been grounded reliably and maintain electric continuity to earth. The general safety regulations applicable to equipments must be strictly complied with. Insert or pull out models must be strictly prohibited during the equipment tests and operation. During operation, nobody is allowed to press the keyboard on the panel optionally. During operation, nobody is allowed to operate the following commands: Test DO; Modification and write settings; Set up numbers of running CPU; Change setting zone; Change address used communication net.
48
7.2 Dialog with the equipment Setting operation and interrogation of digital protection systems can be carried out via the integrated membrane keyboard and display panel located on the front plate. All the necessary operating parameters can be entered and all the information can be read out from here. For example display, main menu, debugging menu. Operation is, additionally, possible via interface socket by means of a personal computer or similar. 7.2.1 Front view of the relay Front panel adopts little arc streamline and beelines sculpt, and function keys for MMI are reasonably distributed in faceplate. Panel layout is shown in Figure 7-1.
C SC 1 - 62
R un O per at i on R ecl ose N ot U sed N ot U sed N ot U sed N ot U sed Al ar m
Q U IT
SET
F1
F2
F3
F4
SI O
Figure 7-1 Panel layout of CSC-161/2 7.2.2 Member of keyboard and display panel The member of keyboard and display panel is externally arranged similar to a pocked calculator. Figure 7.1 illustrates the front view. The significance of the keys is explained in detail in the following.
SET
Q U IT
Confirmation key, used to setup or confirm
Press this key for loop display. Current screen can be fixed to be displayed (there is a key mark on the right corner of screen, viz. orientating current screen), press again to cancel orientating function. Press this key during menu operation to cancel current operation to return the upper menu. Press this key to return normal display state to operate other key.
49
: Selecting key, used to select menu on display panel. Use to move cursor,
and
and
: to change content.
R ESET : Used to reset LED of signal and output , return to loop display state.
Four shortcut keys and two function keys under LCD <<F1>> Press one time, prompt Print the latest event report? YES NO If select YES, prompt Format of printed record wave Graph Data to select graph format or data format to print. Another function of key <<F1>> Press <F1> to turn screen page downward to view set values. <<F2>> Press one time, prompt Print set values of current setting zone? Another function of key <<F2>> Press <F2> to turn screen page upward to view set values. <<F3>> Press one time, prompt Print sampled data? <<F4>> Press one time, prompt Print device information and status? <<+>> Function key The number of setting group +1. Press one time, prompt Select setting zone to switch: Current setting zone:xx; Switch setting zone: xx. <<>> Function key, The number of setting group -1. Press one time, prompt Select setting zone to switch: Current setting zone:xx; Switch setting zone: xx. SIO jack: 9-pin jack to connect external PC is dedicated interface of debugging program CSPC. 7.2.3 LEDs Explanation LED of CSC-162is fixed. From up to down, the left side of LCD of CSC-162are < Run >, <Operation >, <Reclose>, <Not Used>, <Not Used>, <Not Used>, <Not Used>, and <Alarm> light in turn. (1) < Run >: Lit green under normal operation, flash when protection startup.. (2) <Operation >, Lit red LED after tripping. (3) <Reclose>, Only for auto re-closure of CSC-161/2, lit red after operation (4) (5) (6) (7) <Not Used> (8)<Alarm>, This is not lit under normal operation. When alarm II (abnormal alarm) is issued, this light is lit constantly and only the corresponding protections are out of service, power supply for protection output is not blocked.
50
When alarm I (serious alarm) is issued, this light flash and all protections are out of service, power supply for protection output is blocked. 7.2.4 Menu structure Loop display of screen panel in sequence is: year-month-day, hour: minute: second, Ia, Ib, Ic, 3I0, Ua, Ub, Uc,Ux, P, Q and phasor angle, enabled, current setting zone, channel state. Panel display includes loop display, main menu, debugging menu for leaving factory and window of initiative transporting report. Main menu has 10 terms in total as shown in Tab.7.1-1. Press SET to enter into main menu during loop display. Default operation password is 8888. Tab.7.1-1
Main menu OpStatus Status Version Equipcod DI voltage of input 1, voltage of input 2, and output voltage Display device type and version of CPU Device type and version, factory, I/O, Master MMI and CPU RESET, CB OPEN, A/R BLOCK, INITIATE 3PH A/R, B/LBB OPTD, CARR RECEIVED, DIRECT TRIP RECV, CARRIER FAIL, START CBF 3-PH, REM ACCESS BLK, RELAY TEST Ia,Ib,Ic,3I0,IN,Ua,Ub,Uc,Ux IaR,IbR,IcR,3I0R Za ,Zb ,Zc ,Zab ,Zbc ,Zca Press SET select setting zone - press SET to display all setting Binary settings can set 1 or 0. System parameter BayName: Can input actual line name CommAddr Setup address of 485 series ports 10H ~ ABH Ethernet 1: Ethernet 2: Time Made Network mode, pulse mode,IRIGB 9600, 19200, 38400 Sub-menu 1 AI Sub-menu 2 Ia, Ib, Ic, 3I0,IN,Ua, Ub, Uc, Ux, IaR, IbR, IcR, 3I0R Explanation Select CPU number at first Display magnitude Provide for debug worker and engineer to view Display current state of inputs open or close Display magnitude and phasor Complex number, display magnitude Input password firstly NOT USED Setup with ISN or CSPC can not be set to 0, if connected with protocol of CSN, extension address of Ethernet 2 is: 10.10.6.124 Optional network mode, pulse based on GPS Use UP or DOWN to select
Measure Impen.Z Settings ProtSet ProtContWd EquipPara CommPara
BaudR485
51
CSC-162 Numerical Transmission Line Protection Equipment Manual Query Report EventRpt Latest Rpt Last 6 Rpts QueryRpt by Date Last 6 Rpts QueryRpt by Date Latest Rpt Last 6 Rpts QueryRpt by Date Last 6 Rpts QueryRpt by Date Manual Receive reset command to reset SOE Reset Automatic Receive reset command to reset SOE Reset automatically in 10s V1.20 Protocol V1.10 Protocol Press SET to view Press SET to view Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Reset mode can be selected CSC2000 used, This option need not be set if the relay communicates with IEC60870-5103 to be selected, not to be selected
AlarmRpt StartRpt
Log Setup SOEReset
Protocol
SetPrint
103Type ModifyPW ProtSet EquipPara Report Setup Status AI Version Equipcode DI PrtMeasure PrtSample Test DO
Setup for record print: Setup for analog quantities print, such as voltage and current. Setup for I/O print, such as trip and command etc. Print Print record automatically, print binary Mode setting, mode of record print Data or Graph Display current type: F2H Password can be modified Please select setting zone None EventRpt, StartRpt, AlarmRpt ,Log Print Equipment Setup Analog input, version, digital input, system state, system code, strap state Analog input CPU version Equipment code Digital input Print Measure Data Print Sampling Data, select CPU number at first ALARM I, ALARMII, 3-Phase Trip, Permanent Trip, Initiate 3PH A/R,CARR Send CH-1, Direct Trip Send, CARR Fail Alarm, AR TO Close CB, U/V_O/V-1, U/V_O/V-2, Start 3-PH CBF, AR Lockout Alarm, VT Fail, SOTF Alarm, CARR Received, Direct Trip RECV, Weak End Infeed, PSB Alarm Year month day hour minute sec Year month day hour minute sec
RecPrt Setup
Print
Set function coding of IEC60870-5-103 Password of leaving factory: 8888 Connect the printer
Input password at first
Set Time
Current Set
Modify with the key of UP DOWN LEFT RIGHT
52
CSC-162 Numerical Transmission Line Protection Equipment Manual Contrast Testing SwSetGrp ViewDrift AdjDrift ViewScale AdjScale PrtSample Contrast Test effect SimuReSig Modify contrast with key of UP and DOWN Simu Alarm, Simu Trip, Simu connt, DI,TransRecData, Simu MST Alarm Switch setting zone Ia,Ib,Ic,3I0,Ua, In, Ub,Uc,Ux, IaR, IbR, IcR, 3I0R Ia,Ib,Ic,3I0,Ua, In, Ub,Uc,Ux, IaR, IbR, IcR, 3I0R Ia,Ib,Ic,3I0,Ua, In, Ub,Uc,Ux, IaR, IbR, IcR, 3I0R Ia,Ib,Ic,3I0,Ua, In, Ub,Uc,Ux, IaR, IbR, IcR, 3I0R Print sampled data of nominated CPU LCD Contrast Regulation
Simu
Use or to select Input password at first
Modify with the key of UP DOWN
Press QUIT+SET to enter into debugging menu for leaving factory. Input debugging password, the menu is presented with 8 categories. Select one category to press SET, more notation is given as shown in Tab.7.1-2. Tab.7.1-2
Name
Setup CPU View memory
Clear configuration Configure system System option
Function CPU1, CPU2CPU8 View CPU: MASETR View type: EEPROM Original address: 0000000 View length: 32 Prompt Are you sure configuration?
Remarks Use UP or DOWN Press SET
to
clear
Press SET QUIT to NO Press SET QUIT to NO
to to
YES, YES,
Prompt Are you sure to configure? Standard interface mode, display of channel info menu, clear configuration of setting character, clear configuration of main arrangements, big liquid crystal mode, new protocol of CSC2000, communication with CSN/2, print mode of LON network, LON2 configured, LON1 configured, 485-1 configured, 485-2 configure, record of state quantity taking byte as unit, transport event of 103 protocol with ASDV1, prohibit transporting 2000 report for Ethernet 1, prohibit transporting 2000 report for Ethernet 2 LED 1 run, LED 2LED 8
Confirmed with and
Setup LED
Panel
Setup Panel Back-light always on Setup delay of back-light 00: 05 :00 back-light 7.3 Setting the functional parameters
LED 2LED 8, Set holding or not holding with key of UP or DOWN Confirmed with and Use UP and DOWN to change time
Settings of All relays function are listed in a same setting list. The printed setting sheet consists of two parts setting list and communication parameters.
53
7.3.1
Setting and calculation
The setting procedure can be ended at any the time by the key SET or QUIT. If you press the key SET, the display shows the question choose setting zone. The range of setting zone is from 0 to 31. Confirm with the setting zone-key SET those new settings shall be come valid now. If you press the key QUIT instead, all alterations which have been changed since the last. Thus, erroneous alterations can be made ineffective.
7.3.1.1 Protection setting
The following is the settings of CSC-162 a) Setting sheet is shown in Tab.7-3. Tab.7-3
NO. 1. 2 3 4 5 Km 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 X_line R_line Line length U_PRIMARY CT_PRIMARY CT_SECOND ARY R1_pe X1_pe R2_pe X2_pe R3_pe X3_pe R4_pe Abbr. (LCD Display) I_abrupt I_PS Kx Kr Meaning Abrupt current Through current detect power swing Zero-sequence reactance compensation factor Zero-sequence resistance compensation factor Zero-sequence reactance compensation factor for double line Positive reactance of whole line Positive resistance of whole line Line length Primary rated voltage Primary rated current Secondary rated current Zone 1 Resistance of earth distance Zone 1 Reactance of earth distance relay Resistance of earth element Reactance of earth distance relay for Z2 Resistance of earth element Reactance of Z3 earth distance relay Resistance of Ground element Unit A A No No No km kV kA A Setting range 0.01~20 0.5~100 0~8 0~8 0~8 0.01~200 0.01~200 0.1~999 100~800 0.3~5 1 or 5 0.01~200 0.01~300 0.01~200 0.01~300 0.01~200 0.01~300 0.01~200
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CSC-162 Numerical Transmission Line Protection Equipment Manual 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 3I0 36 37 3I0_INV 38 39 40 41 _AR 42 43 44 45 46 T3p_ AR T_Reclaim OV1_pe OV2_pe Tov1_pe T0_factor N0 T0_INV T0 zero-sequence current Delay time of zerosequence current Current of inverse time zero- sequence current relay Time factor of inverse time zero-current Index of inverse time zerocurrent Delay of inverse time zerocurrent Phase angle synchronization (auto re-closure) for check s A no No s (degre e) s s V V s 0~10 0.05~100 0.01~1000 0.01~8 0~10 10~50 Reactance of Z4 ground distance relay Delay time of Z2 ground distance relay Delay time of Z3 ground distance relay Delay time of Z4 ground distance relay Resistance of phase-phase Reactance of 1st ph-ph distance relay Resistance of phase-phase Reactance of 2nd ph-ph distance relay Resistance of phase-phase Reactance of 3rd ph-ph distance relay Resistance of phase-phase Reactance of 4th ph-ph distance relay Delay time of 2nd ph-ph distance relay Delay time of 3rd ph-ph distance relay Delay time of 4th ph-ph distance relay Time Power Swing no blocking s s s s s s s A 0.01~300 0~10 0~10 0~10 0.01~200 0.01~300 0.01~200 0.01~300 0.01~200 0.01~300 0.01~200 0.01~300 0~10 0~10 0~10 0.5~25 0.1~100
X4_pe T2_pe T3_pe T4_pe R1_pp X1_pp R2_pp X2_pp R3_pp X3_pp R4_pp X4_pp T2_pp T3_pp T4_pp T_PS NOBLOCKING
delay time of 3-phase reclosure Reclaim Time (auto reclosure) 1st stage Over voltage 2nd stage Over voltage 1st stage Over voltage Delay time
0~10 5~25 1~120 1~120 0~60
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CSC-162 Numerical Transmission Line Protection Equipment Manual 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 2nd stage Over voltage Delay time 1st stage Under voltage 2nd stage Under voltage 1st stage Under voltage Delay time 2nd stage Under voltage Delay time Over current Over current Delay time Current of inverse time over current relay Time factor of inverse time over current Index of inverse time over current Delay of inverse time over current Startup Current of Breaker FAIL Delay time of I_BF Negative sequence current of Broken Conductor Delay time of Broken Conductor s V V s s A s A no No s A s A s 0~60 1~60 1~60 0~60 0~60 0.05~100 0~10 0.05~100 0.01~1000 0.01~8 0~10 0.1~100 0~2 0.2~10 1~10
Tov2_pe UV1_pe UV2_pe Tuv1_pe Tuv2_pe Ioc_pe Toc_pe Ioc_INV Toc_factor Noc Toc_INV I_CBF T_CBF 3I2_BROKEN COND T_BROKEN COND
b) Binary setting The following Binary setting can be set on or off. Tab.7-4
NO. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.
Name VT_line VT_bus CBF_FUNC OC_FUNC OC_INV FUNC OC_INV DIR OV1_FUNC OV2_FUNC UV1_FUNC UV2_FUNC BROKEN COND_FUNC Feeder_FUNC PUR mode
Setting describe Connect to line VT Connect to bus VT Operating mode breaker FAIL protection Operating mode over current protection. Operating mode inverse time over current protection. Directional element of inverse time over current Operating mode Vph-e > over voltage protection Operating mode Vph-e >> over voltage protection Operating mode Vph-e < Under voltage protection Operating mode Vph-e << Under voltage protection Broken Conductor function enabled Weak-source function enabled Permissive Under reach mode enabled
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NO. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32.
Name POR mode Z1_FUNC Z2_FUNC Z3_FUNC Z4_FUNC Reverse_Z4 Forward_Z4 Z1_PS blocking Z2_PS blocking Z3_PS blocking Z4_PS blocking 3I0_FUNC 3I0_INV FUNC 3I0_INV DIR AR_3p mode AR_No check AR_check low U AR_check Sync AR_CB3
Setting describe Permissive Over reach mode enabled Operating mode first zone distance protection Operating mode second zone distance protection Operating mode third zone distance protection Operating mode fourth zone distance protection Fourth zone distance relay is settable for reverse Fourth zone distance relay is settable for forward Blocking first zone distance relay when power swing Blocking second zone distance relay when power swing Blocking third zone distance relay when power swing Blocking fourth zone distance forward relay when power swing Operating mode zero current protection. Operating mode inverse time zero current protection. Directional element of inverse time zero current Operating mode three-phase reclose protection. Automatic reclosure without checking Automatic reclosure lower voltage check enabled Automatic reclosure synchronization check enabled Reclosing caused 3-pole occasional opened enabled
7.3.1.2 Explanation of part settings
1) The setting values are all secondary values if there is no special note. Impedance setting is set according to positive impedance of line. Zerosequence current is 3I0. I_abrupt: 0.2In is commonly recommended. In general, the primary value of settings I_abrupt, I_PS must be consistent of both sides of one line. However, for some special instance, if the sensitivity difference between protections of both sides is too large, the settings of both sides may also be different. I_PS: Set by avoiding the maximum load current. Reactance compensation factor: Calculated based on the actual line parameters, setting value ought to be less than or close to calculation value. KX = (X0-X1 ) / 3X1 Resistance compensation factor: Calculated based on the actual line parameters, setting value ought to be less than or close to calculation value.
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2) 3)
4) 5)
6)
KR = (R0- R1) / 3R1 7) Mutual inductance factor: Calculated based on the actual line parameters, setting value ought to be less than or close to calculation value. X0m is zero sequence mutual inductance reactance with the double lines. 3X1 is positive reactance that protection equipment locates the line. Km= X0m/ 3X1 8) Line positive reactance and resistance: Set according to secondary values of actual line parameters. 9) Line length: Equal to actual length. 10) Primary rated voltage: Set to be actual rated primary voltage of VT, unit is kV. Secondary rated voltage need not to be set, which is considered as 110V for the protection. 11) Primary rated current: Set to be the rated primary current whose unit is kA. 12) Secondary rated current: There are two specifications of rated secondary current, 1A or 5A. 13) Zone 1 Resistance of earth distance: Set to avoid load impedance. its set setting, whose basic principle is that it is set according to ground fault with 25 path resistance near bus for short line and not being larger than half setting of 1st zone ground reactance for long line. The detail calculation is shown as below. R1 = min{R1-pe, max{ X1_pe /2, 25/LZ+ R_line }, 8 X1_pe } Where: R1: Actual setting of ground resistance R1_pe: Set setting of 1st zone ground resistance X1_pe: Set setting of 1st zone ground reactance LZ: Convert coefficient of primary impedance and secondary impedance. Compare between ratio of VT and that of CT. Resistance 25 is referred to the primary value. R_line: resistance component of positive impedance of full line 14) Reactance of 1st ground distance relay: according to 0.8~0.85 times of positive reactance of full line, it must be lessened properly for lines with mutual inductance. 15) Zone 2 Resistance of earth distance and Zone 3 Resistance of earth distance: Set to avoid load impedance. 16) Reactance and delay time of 2nd ground distance relay: Set to be satisfied with sensitivity and the matched requirements for terminal faults that protect equipment locate line. 17) Reactance and delay time of 3rd ground distance relay: Set to be satisfied
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with sensitivity and the matched requirements for terminal faults that protect equipment locate line. 18) Reactance and delay time of 4th ground distance relay: Set to be satisfied with sensitivity and the matched requirements for terminal faults that protect equipment locate line. 19) Zone 1 Resistance of earth distance: Set to avoid load impedance. As the setting range of ph-ph resistance component is usually set to be rather large due to avoiding load impedance, resistance setting employed by 1st zone phph distance relay is lessened relatively on the basis of its set setting, whose basic principle is that it is set according to ph-ph fault with 15 path resistance near bus for short line and not being larger than half setting of 1st zone ph-ph reactance for long line. The detail calculation is shown as below. Rx = min{ R1_pp, max{ X1_pp/2, 15/LZ+ R_line }, 8 X1_pp } Where, R1 actual used setting of 1st zone ph-ph resistance R1_ppset setting of ph-ph resistance X1_ppset setting of 1st zone ph-ph reactance LZ: Convert coefficient of primary impedance and secondary impedance. Compare between ratio of VT and that of CT. Resistance 25 is referred to the primary value. R_line resistance component of positive impedance of full line 8XX1 the point of intersection created by down bias of impedance characteristics at the first quadrant and axis R in complex plane. Note: R1 is obtained by the relay itself calculation according to the above formula. 20) Reactance of 1st ph-ph distance relay: according to 0.8~0.85 times of positive reactance of full line, it must be lessened properly for lines with mutual inductance. 21) Reactance and delay time of 2nd ph-ph distance relay: Set to be satisfied with sensitivity and the matched requirement for terminal fault that protect equipment locate line. 22) Reactance and delay time of 3rd ph-ph distance relay: Set to be satisfied with sensitivity and the matched requirement for terminal fault that protect equipment locate line. 23) Reactance and delay time of 4th ph-ph distance relay: Set to be satisfied with sensitivity and the matched requirement for terminal fault that protect equipment locate line. 24) T_PS NOBLOCKING: Time Power Swing no blocking. Distance trip that it dont need open condition after relay startup for T_PS NOBLOCKING.
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25) Current of the zero-current relay: Set to avoid the maximum zero-current at ground fault of current line end. 26) Settings of inverse time zero-current relay: Standard inverse time curve is recommended. 27) _AR: The permissive biggest phase differences between bus voltage and line voltage under synchronization check mode. 28) Current threshold of zero-current auxiliary pickup element need not be set independently, which is created automatically considering sensitivity coefficient according to the minimum of the settings of fourth stage of zerocurrent and pilot zero-current. 29) I_CBF: Startup Current of Breaker FAIL, The setting is phase current.
7.3.1.3 Explain of binary setting
1) Conditions of enable weak-source function (including weak-source trip): If one terminal is power source while another one is weak-source, weaksource function of line protection at weak-source terminal must be enabled, but that at power source should not be enabled. When both terminals are all power source, one terminal may be changed into weak-source due to operation mode changed, then, this terminal needs to be enabled the weaksource function while the remote should not be enabled that. That is only one of both terminals is enabled this bit. 2) POR mode: If this bit is set to on, bits Blocking mode and PUR mode must be set to off. Under this mode, if zone2 of distance act relay need send permissive signal, close the contacts of sending signal to send permissive signal, if need to stop sending permissive signal, open the contacts of sending signal to stop sending permissive signal. 3) PUR mode: If this bit is set to on, bits Blocking mode and POR mode must be set to off. Under this mode, if zone2 of distance act relay need send permissive signal, close the contacts of sending signal to send permissive signal, if need to stop sending permissive signal, open the contacts of sending signal to stop sending permissive signal. 4) Distance protection function enabled: zone 1, zone 2, zone 3 and zone4 can separately enabled. 5) Reverse_Z4 and forward_Z4: zone4 of distance can be select act for reverse direction or forward direction. 6) Power swing Blocking: zone 1, zone 2, zone 3 and zone4 can separately select to blocking or unblocking during power swing. When the bit is set to on, distance relay must be enabled by power swing blocking elements after
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abrupt current startup element has been operating for 150ms or loss of stability detector operates. If the bit is set to off, zone distance relay is enabled from startup to whole system reset. 7) Zero protection function enabled: definite time and inverse time zero current can separately enabled. 8) Inverse time zero-current direction enabled: If this bit is set to on, inverse time zero-current trip when fault occur at forward direction. If this bit is set to off, inverse time zero-current can trip whatever fault occurs at forward direction or inverse direction. 9) Over current protection function enabled: definite time and inverse time over current can separately enabled. 10) Inverse time over current direction enabled: If this bit is set to on, inverse time over current trip when fault occur at forward direction. If this bit is set to off, inverse time over current can trip whatever fault occurs at forward direction or inverse direction. 11) Bits of no check enabled, lower voltage check enabled and synchronization check enabled: All of these three modes are autoreclosure check modes, if anyone of them is set to on, the others must be set to off. 7.3.2 Communication parameters The communication parameters of CSC-162series system are all the same. Each meaning of them and their setup methods are shown in Tab.7-5. Tab.7-5
No. 01 Parameter Current setting zone Setup method Remark Use <<+>>and << >> Current number of setting keys on faceplate to modify zone current setting zone number 10~ABH Enter into menu system Address range:10~ABH setupcommunication addressLon network and 485 address 9600 Means that baud rate of (192000 and 38400 can be RS485 is 9600 set) Set actual line name by CSPC program or Character numbers of line ISN on panel name can not be larger than 30 F2H Enter into menu system function code of CSC-162 setup101 function type is F2H to set IEC60870-5-103 function code Network Enter into menu system Optional network mode, mode, pulse setuptiming mode pulse mode based on GPS mode Range 00~31
02
Device address
+03 04 05
Baud rate of series port Bay Name Type of 103
06
Time Mode
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CSC-162 Numerical Transmission Line Protection Equipment Manual No. 07 Parameter Protocol type Range Communicati on protocol V1.20 Communicati on protocol V1.10 Manual reset, automatic reset ***.***.***.*** (net section 1.2.3.4) ***.***.***.*** (net section 1.2.3.4) Setup method Enter into menu system setupprotocol option Remark CSC-2000 protocol can be selected for LON net or Ethernet. This option need not be disposed when information of IEC60870-5103 protocol are output from port 485. Optional manual reset (receive reset command to reset SOE) or automatic reset (reset SOE in 10s) Set according to local condition, can not be the same as section 2 or 3 Ethernet 2 Set according to local condition, can not be the same as section 2 or 3 Ethernet 1. If it is connected to CSN protocol switched case to extend RS-485, address of Ethernet 2 must be set as: 10.10.6.124
08
SOE reset
Enter into menu system setupSOE reset Enter into menu system setupcommunication addressEthernet 1 Enter into menu system setupcommunication addressEthernet 2
09
Address of Ethernet 1 Address of Ethernet 2
10
7.4 Annunciations 7.4.1Event reports Event reports are shown in Tab.7-6. Tab.7-6
No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Abbr. (LCD Display) Relay Startup Z Startup 3I0 Startup I_PS Startup Z1 Trip Z2 Trip Z3 Trip Z4 Trip Z Trip_SOTF RE- Trip NO AR Fault Location Z Location 3I0 Trip 3I0 Trip_SOTF Reclose AR fail 3P Trip Start AR AR_CB(3) AR_Blk for 3T O/V1 Trip Meaning Protection startup Impedance element startup Zero-current startup current startup for Power swing Zone I distance relay trip Zone II distance relay trip Zone III distance relay trip Zone IV distance relay trip distance relay speed up trip after switching on to fault (SOTF) Permanent trip for 3-ph FAIL to trip Fault location Impedance of fault location zero-current relay trip Zero-current relay speed up trip after switching on to fault (SOTF) Re-closing operation FAIL to reclose Reclosing caused by 3-phase tripping (3T) Re-closing caused three-pole occasional opened 3-phase tripping blocking auto re-closing 1st stage Over voltage trip
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CSC-162 Numerical Transmission Line Protection Equipment Manual 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 O/V2 Trip U/V1 Trip U/V2 Trip OC Trip SYN phase Change Start 3-PH CBF Pilot Trip A/R Block Z Send Signal CBO Send Signal Weak Send Signal 3I0_INV Trip DI AR_BLK Direct Trip Send Direct Trip RECV OC Startup OC Trip 2nd stage Over voltage trip 1st stage Over voltage trip 2nd stage Over voltage trip Over current trip Synchronization phase change phase-A(B,C) Three phase breaker FAIL startup Pilot protection trip Blocking auto reclose Transmitting signal by pilot impedance Transmitting signal by current breaker open(CBO) Transmitting signal by pilot protection at Weak feeder (WF) Inverse zero-current trip Input of block auto-reclose Input of B/LBB OPTD Input of Direct Trip RECV Over current startup Over current trip
7.4.2 Alarm report a) Alarm I is shown in Tab.7-7a. Tab.7-7a

No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Abbr. (LCD Display) Sample Err EquipPara Err ROM Verify Err Setting Err Set Group Err DO No Response DO Breakdown DO EEPROM Err Meaning Sampling data of analog input (AI) are error. Equipment parameter is error. CRC verification to sum of ROM of CPU is error. Setting value is error Pointer of setting group is error Digital output (DO) has no response. Digital output (DO) is of breakdown. EEPROM of digital output (DO) is error.
b) Alarm II is shown in Tab.7-7b. Tab. 7-7b

No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Abbr. (LCD Display) DI Comm Fail DO Comm Fail Test DO Un-reset DI Breakdown DI Input Err NO/NC Discord DI Check Err DI EEPROM Err SRAM Check Err FLASH Check Err DI Config Err DO Config Err VT Fail Overload Meaning Communication failure in digital input (DI) Communication failure in digital output (DO) Digital output (DO)-test has not been reset. Digital input (DI) is of breakdown. The input of digital input (DI) is error. 2-position input discordance, i.e. status of NC and NO discord. Self-checking circuit of digital input (DI) is error. EEPROM of digital input (DI) is error. SRAM self-checking is error. Flash self-checking is error. Digital input configuration is error. Digital output configuration is error. Loss of measure voltage line load current more than the setting of I_PS
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CSC-162 Numerical Transmission Line Protection Equipment Manual 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 CARR Fail Alarm CT Fail CB Open Err SYN Voltage Err 3-PH SEQ Err AI Err 3I0 Reverse Re-Trip Fail Harmonic Alarm Pilot FUNC Alarm AR FUNC Alarm Config Err VT Choice Alarm Z4 Choice Alarm Broken Conductor DI_CBF Err Check input of CARRIER FAIL Loss of measure current Three phase auxiliary contacts of CB is detected, and phase A has current, this alarm is sent out. During system normal operation, under synchronism check for auto-reclose modes, if the voltages between line and bus can not meet the setting synchronism condition, alarms. If three-phase current or voltage is not positive sequence during normal operation, this alarms. Calibration regulated, input values are not consistent with basic value. Regulate calibration again. Phasor of external 3I0 and self-calculate 3I0 are reverse. Current exists in 5s after permanent trip is sent out, alarms. If 3rd harmonic of voltage is excessive during normal operation, alarms. If any two kinds of blocking mode, PUR mode and POR mode are enabled at the same time, alarms. Two kinds of synchronization check, no-voltage check and no-synchronization are enabled at the same time, alarms. Replace corresponding CPU module If two kinds of VT_line, VT_bus are enabled at the same time, alarms. If two kinds of Reverse_Z4, Forward_Z4 are enabled at the same time, alarms. Check line Input of START CBF 3-PH is error.
c) Alarm messages of Master module are shown in Tab. 7-8a. Tab. 7-8a
No. 1 Report Communication Fail DevPara Discord SetGroup Discord Setting Discord Connector Discord Write Set Fail Write Dev Para Fail Detail Communication failure Device parameter discordance Setting group discordance Setting discordance Connector discordance Write setting failure Write device parameter failure Solutions CPU working abnormlity or CAN network communication error. Check CPU working status, or check CAN network on backboard. Solidify parameter once more, and power on again, this alarm should disappear Switch setting zone once more, and power on again, this alarm should disappear Solidify setting once more, and power on again, this alarm should disappear On or off strap once more, and power on again, this alarm should disappear Write setting again Write device parameter again
2 3 4 5 6 7
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CSC-162 Numerical Transmission Line Protection Equipment Manual No responsion for summoning CPU configuration Alarm code It is possible that the address of two CPU modules are the same, one of CPU modules is not inserted or is connected badly. One of CPU modules is disenabled.
7.4.3 Operating reports Operating reports are shown in Tab. 7-8b. Tab. 7-8b No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Abbr. (LCD Display) SwSetGroup OK Write Set OK WriteEquipParaOK WriteConfig OK AdjScale OK ClrConfig OK VT OK Test DO OK DI Change AdjDrift OK SYN Phase Change A/R Block AR_BLK For 3T CBO Stop Signal CBO Send Signal B/LBB OPTD Direct Trip RECV Meaning Successful to switch setting group. Successful to write setting values. Successful to write equipment parameter. Successful to write configuration. Successful to adjust scale of analog input (AI). Successful to clear configuration. VT becoming normality Successful to digital output (DO) drive-test. Status of digital input (DI) has changed. Successful to adjust zero drift of analog input (AI). Synchronization phase change phase-A(or B, C) Blocking reclosing 3-phase tripping blocking reclosing Stopping signal by circuit breaker open(CBO) Transmitting signal by circuit breaker open(CBO) Stopping signal by input of B/LBB OPTD input of Direct Trip RECV
7.5 Testing and commissioning 7.5.1 Analog channel check Before the device leaves factory, zero drift and calibration have been regulated, only examination needs in locale. To examine calibration, enter into measuring quantities or analog quantities menu at first, then enter into analog quantities menu to do it. If they dont meet requirements, regulate them according to the following methods. Notice to increase the setting value of startup elements.
7.5.1.1 Zero drift check
To regulate zero drift, disconnect the device with testing instrument or standard
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source to ensure not any input in AC terminal of the device. Enter into main menu testingAdjDrift, select all, and confirm it, then zero drift regulation can be performed. If regulation succeeds, report AdjDrift OK. After this, select main menutestingViewDrift, current channel must be less than 0.1A (rated value of CT 5A) or 0.02A (rated value of CT 1A), voltage channel must be less than 0.1V.
7.5.1.2 Regulate calibration
Connect input terminals of voltage UA, UB, UC and UX together, and connect UN and UX together, employ testing instrument with grade 0.5 and the above whose outputs UA and UN are connected to protection terminals X3-a10 and b10. Current outputs of testing instrument are connected to protection terminals X3-a1 and b4, and current terminals of the protection are in series by polarity terminal. Enter into main menutestingAdjScale, press keys <<up down left right>>and <<SET>> to select all, set the regulation value to In and 50V, output AC quantities from testing instrument to the protection system, then confirm these to execute. If fail to operate, LCD displays analog channel error and the number of error channel. Check whether connection, standard value and version are right or not.
7.5.1.3 Precision and linearity testing for analog
After finishing calibration and zero drift regulation, measure linear error using testing instrument with grade 0.5 and the abover, and write down testing result. Requirements: For secondary rated current 5A of CT, input currents 25A, 10A (the lasting time of the abover two is unallowed to exceed 10s), 2A, 1A and 0.4A respectively. For secondary rated current 1A of CT, input currents 5A, 2A, 0.5A, 0.2A and 0.08A. Supply voltage 60V, 30V, 5V, 1V and 0.4V respectively. Observe LCD display or enter into main menutestingViewScale, ask that the difference between LCD display value and external meter is less than 0.1V for 0.4V and 1V of voltage channel, the others are less than 2.5%, and current channel error is less than 0.02In for 0.08In and 0.2In, the others are less than 2.5%. 7.5.2 Configuration of operation and memory functions Switch on DC power supply, the setting steps are described as follows to initialize CPU. Press QUIT and SET at the same time, enter into debugging menu. a) Enter into the menu of CPU setup, enable CPU1press the key of SET to save. And energize the device once again.
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b) Enter main menu- Set Time, use square keyboard to set clock to current time. Then return to the normal display LCD screen, observe whether the running clock is normal or not. Cut off DC power supply for 5 min, then switch on, check the time and date displayed in LCD screen to conform that the clock is running and nicety during power turnoff. c) Enter into main menutestingSwSetGrp, switch to a zone of the most common use such as zone 00. d) Enter into main menusettingsprot., write protection setting, the default written zone is 00. e) Enter into main menusetupCommAddr f) Set the address of Lon network and RS-485 port whose range is 10H~ABH (the address of our device can not be repeated) g) Examine that the address of Ethernet 1 and that of Ethernet 2are not set to be 0. h) Enter into main menusetupBayName, input the actual name and serial number of line by means of ISN (internal statement number)(as shown at appendix) on faceplate (or directly input by CSPC program). i) Enter into main menusetupProtocol to select a kind of time synchronization mode. j) If timing mode of minute pulse or that of second pulse is selected, symbol * is displayed at top right corner of LCD after GPS timing succeeds. k) Enter into main menu-setup-SetPrint-RecPrt Setup (setup already when leaving factory, just examine and confirm it), press SET, the following is displayed. Select CPU CSC161/2 Press SET to display the following:
Select record type Print setup for analog quality(shown in Tab. 7-9-a) Print setup for digital input (shown in Tab. 7-9-b)
Tab. 7-9-a
Analog quality
Ia Ib Ic 3I 0
IN
Type B
Analog quality
Ua Ub Uc
3U0_COUNT
Ux
Type B
Analog quality Ia R Ib R Ic R 3 I0 R
Type B
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Tab. 7-9-b
Name Relay Startup Three Phase Trip Permanent Trip CARR Send CB Open Reclose B/LBB OPTD CARR Received Direct Trip REC Initiate 3PH A/R A/R Block Start 3-PH CBF U/V&O/V-1 Trip U/V&O/V-2 Trip description Relay startup A-phase trip Permanent trip Send signal A phase auxiliary contacts of CB, Relay Reclose Input of other relay action signal input Input of direct trip Input of Reclose picked by other relay threepole trip Blocking reclose Output of Start 3-PH CBF Output of the first stage undervoltage or overvoltage Output of the second stage undervoltage or overvoltage CSC161/2
Note: where means that the corresponding input is selected while is not selected, blank means none. Enter into main menu-setup-SetPrint-Print Mode, press SET to display the following:
Print Mode AutoPrt RecValue PrintContWd RecPrintMode RelayTestOn,PrtRec

Grap X
If Print record automatically is set to , record wave will be printed after fault. If it is set to , only fault reports will be printed while record wave will not, and record wave need to be fetched. If Print control word is set to , contents of control word can be printed, if , contents of control word cannot be printed. Print format of record data can be set to format of wave or data with <<UP>> and <<DOWN>> keys. The recommended setup is Print record automatically, Print control word and Print format of record data set to wave. If the protection operating results have some questions, suggest that set Print format of record data to data at first, then, print a record wave again (or use shortcut key F1 to directly print the latest one of record data), after that, device testing can be followed. This can avoid losing data, and causing disadvantage for furthermore analysis. J) Check version of software Enter into main menuOpStatusEquipCod, write down the device type,
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version of each software and code of CRC, check the version consistent with the valid version. k) Check print function 1) main menuPrintProtSet Enter into this menu, select setting zone to print setting. The printer ought to print correctly. 2) main menuPrintReport Enter into this menu, select report or operation record to print, the printer ought to print correctly. 3) Enter into main menuPrintSetup, select such as running state, system parameters and sampled data print etc respectively to print. 4) Testing print function of shortcut key on front panel: Use shortcut key on the faceplate to print, the printer ought to print normally. 7.5.3 Configuration of the protective functions Protection functions of CSC-162are fixed. 7.5.4 Check binary inputs, binary outputs and LED indicators The function of the binary inputs and outputs represented in the general diagrams relate to the factory settings. The assignment of the inputs and outputs of the internal functions can be rear ranged and thus adapted to the on-site conditions.
7.5.4.1Check binary inputs
a) Enter into main menuOpStatusDI, check the current state of each digital input. Connect +110V or +220V for X6:c2~c26 terminals and Connect +24V for X6:a2~a26 terminals shown in Tab.11 as bellow, the corresponding inputs displayed on the faceplate are valid. If certain input is error, check the corresponding optical isolator, resistance etc are false welded, welded in reverse, or damaged. Tab. 11 Name of input description DC voltage Terminals Reset signal +24V X6:a26 RESET Input of circuit breaker open DC + X6: c10 CB OPEN Blocking auto reclose DC + X6: c26 A/R BLOCK Initiate three phase reclose DC + X6: c22 INITIATE 3-PH A/R DC + X6: c20 Input of other relay action B/LBB OPTD DC + X6: c18 Input of signal CARR RECIEVED DC + X6: c24 DIRECT TRIP RECV Input of direct trip Input of carrier fail DC + X6: c16 CARRIER FAIL
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START CBF 3-PH REM ACCESS BLK RELAY TEST
Input of initiate three phase DC + circuit breaker failure Input of blocking remote +24V control Test relay +24V
X6: c12 X6: a22 X6: a24
7.5.4.2Check binary outputs
Enter into main menuTest Do to performs digital output test. When digital output test is made, the contacts of the corresponding relay ought to operate with lighting signal while other contacts do not operate. Press button RESET on the faceplate to reset the drived output. Test results should be consistent with the following table. The output test of CSC161/2 is shown in Tab.13 Tab. 13 NO. Item Contacts for Panel Lights to be in To be displayed Conclusion connection ON status on MMI ALARM I X9:c22-a22 Flash of Run Test DO OK ALARM I 1 X9:c24-a24 lamp X6:c30-a30 X6:c32-a32
Power ON of equipment after OFF 2 ALARM II
Flash of Alarm lamp Flash of Alarm lamp Flash lamp Light-on Alarm lamp of Run Test DO OK ALARM II of
X6:c32-a32 X9:c22-a22 X9:c26-a26 X9:c28-a28
Power ON of equipment after OFF 3 3- Phase Trip
X9:c26-a26
Light-on Alarm lamp
of
X7:a4-a16 X7:c4-c16 X8:c22-a22 X8:c24-a24 X9:c16-a16
Flash lamp
of
Run Test DO OK 3- Phase Trip of
Light-on
Operation lamp
70
NO.
Item Power ON of equipment after OFF
Contacts for Panel Lights to be in To be displayed Conclusion connection ON status on MMI X8:c22-a22 Light-on of
Operation lamp X7:a4-a16 X7:c4-c16 X7:a4-a18 X7:c4-c18 X8:c22-a22 X8:c24-a24 X9:c16-a16 Flash lamp Light-on of Run Test DO OK Permanent Trip of
Permanent Trip
Operation lamp
Power ON of equipment after OFF 5 Initiate 3PH A/R
X8:c22-a22
Light-on
of
Operation lamp X7:a30-c30 X7:a32-c32 Flash lamp of Run Test DO OK Initiate 3PH A/R
Power ON of equipment after OFF CARR Send CH-1
N/A X8:c2-a2 X8:c4-a4 Flash lamp of Run Test DO OK CARR Send CH-1
Power ON of equipment after OFF Direct Trip Send
N/A X8:c6-a6 X8:c8-a8 Flash lamp of Run Test DO OK Direct Trip Send
Power ON of equipment after OFF CARR Fail Alarm
N/A X8:c26-a26 X8:c28-a28 Flash lamp Light-on of Run Test DO OK CARR Fail Alarm of
Alarm lamp
Power ON of equipment after OFF
X8:c26-a26
71
NO. 9
Item AR TO Close CB
Contacts for Panel Lights to be in To be displayed Conclusion connection ON status on MMI X8:c30-a30 Flash of Run Test DO OK AR TO Close X8:c32-a32 lamp CB X9:c2-a2 Light-on of
X9:c4-a4
Power ON of equipment after OFF 10 U/V_O/V-1
Reclose lamp Light-on Reclose lamp of
X8:c30-a30
X10:c26-a26 Flash X10:c28-a28 lamp
of
Run Test DO OK U/V_O/V-1
11
Power ON of equipment after OFF U/V_O/V-2
X10:c26-a26 X10:c30-a30 Flash X10:c32-a32 lamp of Run Test DO OK U/V_O/V-2
12
Power ON of equipment after OFF Start 3-PH CBF
X10:c30-a30 X10:c14-a14 Flash X10:c16-a16 lamp X10:c22-a22 X10:c24-a24 of Run Test DO OK Start 3-PH CBF
13
Power ON of equipment after OFF AR Lockout Alarm
X10:c22-a22 X8:c10-a10 X8:c12-a12 Flash lamp of Run Test DO OK AR Lockout Alarm
14
Power ON of equipment after OFF VT Fail
N/A X8:c14-a14 Flash lamp of Run Test DO OK VT Fail
N/A
72
NO. 15
Item Broken Conductor
Contacts for Panel Lights to be in To be displayed Conclusion connection ON status on MMI X8:c18-a18 Flash of Run Test DO OK Broken lamp Conductor
16
Power ON of equipment after OFF SOTF Alarm
N/A X9:c6-a6 Flash of Run lamp

Test DO OK SOTF Alarm
17
Power ON of equipment after OFF CARR Received
N/A X9:c10-a10 X9:c12-a12 Flash of Run lamp

Test DO OK CARR Received
18
Power ON of equipment after OFF Direct Trip RECV
N/A X9:c18-a18 X9:c20-a20 Flash of Run lamp

Test DO OK Direct Trip RECV
19
Power ON of equipment after OFF Weak End Infeed

Test DO OK Weak End Infeed
20
Power ON of equipment after OFF PSB Alarm

Test DO OK PSB Alarm
N/A
Note: 1. In the status of output drive, push RES button and relevant lights are off, relevant normally open contacts switch off and normally close contacts switch on.
73
7.6 Commissioning using primary tests 7.6.1Testing operating value and measuring operating time of protection system Short b1~b4 of AC module X3, IA, IB, IC and IN outputs of testing instrument are connected to terminals X3-a1, X3-a2, X3-a3 and X3-a4 of the device, input rated current and three-phase symmetry voltage 50 via a11, a10, b10 and b11 of X3 respectively, short b9 with b11 and a9 with a11, each phase voltage leads each phase current phase angle 60respectively, check LCD loop display or enter into main menuOpStatusMeasure to view, phase difference of A-, B-, and C-phase voltage must be 120, and phase difference of A-, B-, and C-phase current must be 120. One phase current must lag the corresponding phase voltage 60(angle error 3). Otherwise, check the device of AC module connection. Input three-phase symmetry voltage 50V, and rated current only to phase A which lags phase A voltage 60, observe the display of amplitude and angle of 3I0 which must be the same as IA, otherwise, check the device of AC module connection. 7.6.2 Test Methods The test is performed according to the method simulating sudden faults. Before simulating faults near bus, the rated voltage must be given at first, and fault current is I, fault lasts 100-150ms. 7.6.3 Protection system test Input settings according to the setting advice note or typical settings and write them to certain zone at first. Then make tests according to Tab.14.
74
Tab.14
Relay Fault type
Distan Simulate A, B, C to ground ce instantaneous relay
fault, check zone 1, 2, and 3 of ground distance relay, mentioned in note (d) (I=In)
Fault quantities U=m*I* (1+KX) m=0.95 m=1.05 m=0.7 (RD=0)
analog Xn_pe
Operation
Remark Note: enable zone 1, 2 or 3 of distance relay respectively, in the equation, n=1, 2, 3, KX is residual compensation coefficient of reactance component. Xn_pe and RD are the reactance and resistance settings of ground distance relay.
Reliable operation Reliable nonoperation For zone 1 tset30ms. For zone 2 and 3, error between tset and the settings 20ms
Simulate AB, BC, CA phase-tophase instantaneous fault, check zone 1, 2, and 3 of phto-ph distance relay, (I=In)
U=m*I*Xn_pp (RX=0) m=0.95 m=1.05 m=0.7
Reliable operation Reliable nonoperation For zone 1 tset30ms. For zone 2 and 3, error between tset and the settings 20ms
Xn_pp and RX are the reactance and resistance settings of phase-tophase distance relay.
a) Calculation formula for single-phase-to-ground distance relay U U (=90) R _ pe = (=0). X_ pe = I + KX 3I 0 I + KR * 3I 0 b) Calculation formula for phase-to-phase distance relay
U (=90) U (=0) R= I I c) For testing ground distance relay, if the employed relay-testing instrument has compensation coefficient KX and KR, input their values according to the actual settings. If the relay-testing instrument just provides compensation coefficient KL=(Z0-Z1) /3Z1, need the testing worker to input the real part and imaginary part of KL which are different from KR and KX of the relay settings, all the compensation coefficient of the testing instrument and the relay can be set to 0, or that of the testing instrument is calculated according to the actual parameters. X=
75
CSC-162 Numerical Transmission Line Protection Equipment Manual The following method for testing is just to be referred: If the relay settings KXKR, set the relay setting KX and KR to 0, and set the testing instrument KL to Re=0 and Im=0. If the relay settings KX=KR, set the testing instrument KL to Re=KX and Im=0, or set the relay settings KX and KR to 0, the testing instrument KL to Re=0 and Im=0. The resoled formula: KX=(X0 -X1)/3X1, KR=(R0 -R1)/3R1, Z0=R0 +jX0, Z1= R1 +jX1, KL=(Z0 -Z1)/3Z1, KL=(Re, Im) If the relay-testing instrument does not provide the compensation coefficient, set the relay settings KX and KR all to 0. d) The error of operation value is: each substantial measure values setting value
100% Setting value
7.7 Putting the equipment into operation The following items are only provided to be referred. Users should formulate the corresponding rules for maintenance and operation according to the actual situation in local. a) Check the setting lists inerrably, and then turn on DC power supply. Now the green light - LED <Run> on panel is lit, other lights are extinguished. Under normal conditions, LCD display on loop year-month-day, hour: minute: second, magnitude and phasor angle of analog quantities, channel state, current setting zone: 00. autoreclose mode, synchronization check mode, charging finished. Press <<SET>>to display main menu. Press one or several times <<QUIT>>, exit current menu one times or step by step to return normal state of display. Then re-check the clock by turning off DC power and then on. b) Connect currents (load current must be larger than 0.1In) and voltages to the device, under normal state of loop display, press SET to enter into main menu, then enter into every sub-menu to check whether the polarity and the phase sequence of each analog input are correct or not. Verify the sampled data of the protection in accordance with the actual ones. c) Check the protection settings. Print each set of settings that are possibly employed in the actual operating modes, in order to check them with informed sheet of setting and backup debugging notes. d) Note that carrier channel is perfect. e) Check the digital inputs in accord with the practical state, and make note. Especially notice that there is not display of small hand on the upper right of LCD under normal conditions (that means test relay).
76
8. Maintenance
8.1 Routine checks Measure resistance in turn between analog circuits and ground; Measure output voltage in every class; Check printer; Revise zero drift and scale; Verify alarm circuit; Verify binary input; Actual live tripping including circuit breaker; Check setting; 8.2 Replacing the back-up battery

Battery is used to store data, record fault and inner clock in case the power is off. Battery is checked up timing, it will send out alarm after it is invalid or decline. The back-up battery should be replaced at the latest after 10 years of operation or after alarm signal was sent out. Recommended battery: Lithium battery CR1/2A, 3V/1Ah.
8.3 Fault tracing The equipment may test all hardware components itself, including loop out of the relay coil, Watch can find whether or not the equipment is in fault through warning lights and warning characters which shows in liquid crystal display and print reports to tell fault location and kind. The method of eliminate fault is replacing fault board or eliminate external fault. 8.4 Repairs

Users should not change modules circuit or backboard circuit in repair. Its appropriate to change power board when power supply is fault. Its suggested that power board should purchased per 4 or 6 years because it cant storage for a long time.
8.5 The notices during operation a) During operation, nobody is allowed to touch the live parts of the device, insert or pull out the plug-in unit, press the keyboard on the panel optionally, and operate the following commands: output driving, modify setting, solidify setting, setup system and change the device address in the communication network etc. b) If all the relays of the device are to be quitted from operation, open the tripping strap at first, and then turn off the DC power. If one of the relays is to be quitted during operation, only the corresponding strap of the relay needs to be quitted. c) When fault occurs during operation, if the protection operates to trip, the
77
corresponding LED of tripping signal is lit and MMI displays the newest operating report. If auto re-closing operates to reclose, the reclose LED is lit. The operating report, record report should be printed automatically and the detail notes must be written down. d) If the DC power supply disappears during operation quit the tripping strap at first. e) If alarm I occur during operation, the corresponding relay should be stop employing, record the alarm message and inform the operator in charge of the protection. Here, prohibit pressing the reset button. If alarm II occurs, record the alarm message and inform the operator in charge of the protection to analyze and handle it. 8.6 Manipulation after replacing software or CPU The following steps should be conformed after replacing software or CPU: l) Firstly, check address jumpers to be right on CPU board, input and write setting. m) Check the software version of CPU and CRC. n) If Setting Err or Set Group Err, ought to write settings again and switch setting zone. o) Check zero drift and calibration one time, and test I/O again. p) According to the local operating rules, other related tests ought to be made by operator. 8.7 Manipulation after replacing software or MASTER module a) Version of the former MASTER module and version of software b) Communication parameters, protocol option etc. c) Address of the device. d) View whether normal display is right or not after the device is electrified; practically operate report and record print. 8.8 Manipulation after replacing input or output module If input or output module needs to be replaced, firstly check whether the jumper about module address is right or not. The replaced module cannot be put into operation until its input or output is checked normally. 8.9 Manipulation after replacing AC module When AC module has been replaced, the validity of polarity must be checked.
78
8.10 Several illuminations a) There are testing ports on the top left corner of backboard, and 24V, 5V and interface of CAN net are connected to be employed by auto testing. b) There are three methods to input settings:(1) Use keyboard on panel, (2) employ software tool of CSPC, (3) by automatically system. c) Method to select running setting zone: Use the shortcut key on the bottom left panel +, to select or switch setting zone. d) There are two methods to use printer: (1) Connect printer directly to the print series ports of the device (Use special made cable for print). (2) Print via automatically system. e) Except AC terminal, the other backboard terminals all use the withdrawal/insertion ones. If it is necessary to modify their wires, the terminal must be uninstalled, then modify the wire of terminals, after finish this, fix the terminal on the device. Except AC terminal, prohibit inserting or withdrawing terminal wires without pulling out terminal, in order to prevent connecting wires from bad connection.
79
9. Storage
Although protection equipments are generally of robust construction, they require a careful treatment prior to installation on site, since they must be carefully packed and unpacked, without applying any force to the equipment and using suitable tools. Once supplied, the equipment must be thoroughly inspected to ensure that they have not undergone shipping damages. If the equipment are not immediately installed upon reception, they must be stored in places free from dust and moisture, causticity in their original packing. Storage temperature: -10C + 40C. The equipment must only be stored and carried in the special antistatic bag.
80
CSC161/2 Numerical Transmission line equipment Manual
10. Ordering
10.
Appendix A : Terminal diagram

2 4 6 8 2 4 6 8
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
2 4 6 8
I I I I
A' B' C' N'
I N' ( M)
UX ' UC UN
1 I A 2 I B 3 I C 4 I N 5 6 7 8 I N( M) 9 UX UB UA
2 4 6 8
2 4 6 8
2 4 6 8
DC+ I NP UT DCI NP UT
Note: If input power is employed 220V/110V, connect terminals X6- c2 with input positive power, X6- c28 with negative power.
85
B Communication Protocol Tables

Front port for communication electric COM port Connection type Communication Interior communication protocol protocol DB9 pin connector Type of connector Speed of 9600 bps communication Rear port for local / only local communication remote communication Ethernet;RS-485 Connection type Communication CSC2000 protocol Medium of connection electric RS-232:DB25 connector;Ethernet:RJ45;RS-485:twisted-pair Type of connector Speed of RS-232:9600bps; Ethernet:10/100Mbps adaptable; RS485:9600bps~38400bps communication yes Isolation III Dielectric level Maximum cable RS-232:10m;Ethernet:110m ;RS-485:1.2km length Type of port required Ethernet:RJ45;RS-485:COM port at PC end Functions supported RS-232:Print setting, fault report, waveform report Ethernet&RS-485:see above 12 m) by this port Rear port for substation automation 2 Ethernet port;2 RS-485 Connection type CSC2000 or IEC 60870-5-103 or IEC 61850 for Ethernet port Communication or RS-485 protocol Medium of connection Ethernet port: optics/electric ;RS-485 electric Ethernet port:(SC/ST)/RJ45 ; RS-485:twisted-pair Type of connector
Speed of communication Maximum cable length Optical wavelength Permissible line attenuation Type of port required at PC end Standard Ethernet port:10/100Mbps adaptable ; RS-85:9600bps; Ethernet port(optics/electric):110m/2km ; RS-485: 1.2km; 850nm;1300nm 15dB Ethernet port; COM port
IEC 60870-5-103; IEC 61850
86

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CSC-162 Numerical Transmission Line Protection Equipment Manual

C:\Pmsbp\CSC 162 dt 13.10.2007

C:\Pmsbp\CSC 162 dt 13.10.2007

C:\Pmsbp\CSC 162 dt 13.10.2007

C:\Pmsbp\CSC 162 dt 13.10.2007

CSC-162 Numerical Transmission Line Protection Equipment Manual

CSC-162 Numerical Transmission Line Protection Equipment Manual

CSC-162 Numerical Transmission Line Protection Equipment Manual

CSC-162 Numerical Transmission Line Protection Equipment Manual

CSC-162 Numerical Transmission Line Protection Equipment Manual

Fig.2-1 CSC-162 protection equipment view

CSC-162 Numerical Transmission Line Protection Equipment Manual

2.2 Dimensions Dimension drawings for CSC-162 are shown in Fig.2-2.

Fig.2-2 flush-mounted enclosure of 162 with panel cutout (dimensions in mm)

CSC-162 Numerical Transmission Line Protection Equipment Manual

Trip contacts Quantity 48 NO contacts 110V/ 220V DC

Alarm contacts Quantity 16 NO contacts

RS-232 Electric DB25 Serial 9600bps III 10m

Ethernet Electric RJ45 Serial 10/100Mbps III 110m

RS-485 electric twisted-pair serial 9600bps~38400bps III 1.2km

CSC-162 Numerical Transmission Line Protection Equipment Manual

CSC-162 Numerical Transmission Line Protection Equipment Manual

Insulation resistance in 1.5M dry heat

6 Mechanical property 6.1 Vibration

7 EMC 7.1 Burst disturbance

Radiated electromagnetic disturbance

CSC-162 Numerical Transmission Line Protection Equipment Manual

interruptions in auxiliary 50ms energizing quantities

CSC-162 Numerical Transmission Line Protection Equipment Manual

CSC-162 Numerical Transmission Line Protection Equipment Manual

CSC-162 Numerical Transmission Line Protection Equipment Manual

CSC-162 Numerical Transmission Line Protection Equipment Manual

CSC-162 Numerical Transmission Line Protection Equipment Manual

CSC-162 Numerical Transmission Line Protection Equipment Manual

CSC-162 Numerical Transmission Line Protection Equipment Manual

CSC-162 Numerical Transmission Line Protection Equipment Manual

CSC-162 Numerical Transmission Line Protection Equipment Manual

CSC-162 Numerical Transmission Line Protection Equipment Manual

CSC-162 Numerical Transmission Line Protection Equipment Manual

CSC-162 Numerical Transmission Line Protection Equipment Manual

CSC-162 Numerical Transmission Line Protection Equipment Manual

CSC-162 Numerical Transmission Line Protection Equipment Manual

5.3 Monitoring function 5.3.1 Software monitoring

CSC-162 Numerical Transmission Line Protection Equipment Manual

Ia(b,c) > 0.04In

Fig.5-9 VT Fail judge logic

CSC-162 Numerical Transmission Line Protection Equipment Manual

CSC-162 Numerical Transmission Line Protection Equipment Manual

CSC-162 Numerical Transmission Line Protection Equipment Manual

CSC-162 Numerical Transmission Line Protection Equipment Manual

CSC-162 Numerical Transmission Line Protection Equipment Manual

CSC-162 Numerical Transmission Line Protection Equipment Manual

CARR Send signal

Trip three phase

Trip three phase Permenent trip

Fig.5-10 CSC-162pilot protection for overreach permission mode logic

CSC-162 Numerical Transmission Line Protection Equipment Manual

CSC-162 Numerical Transmission Line Protection Equipment Manual

CARR Send signal

Trip three phase

Trip three phase Permenent trip

B/LBB OPTD Direct trip RECV

Direct trip send Direct trip RECV