1

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien FELICIANO VS. PASICOLAN 2 SCRA 888 (1961)
This is a petition o! "!it o mandamus to #o$pe% the !espon&ent '(&)e to &e#i&e on the $e!its o a $otion i%e& *+ the petitione! in "hi#h he as,s that the Co(!t i- at P1./....... the a$o(nt o the *ai% o! his %i*e!t+ pen&in) t!ia%. 0e!e1s happene&2 "hat *ai%a*%e/ e-#ept "hen he is #ha!)e& "ith a #apita% o ense an& the e5i&en#e o his )(i%t is st!on). Of course, onl those persons !ho have been either arrested, detained or other!ise deprived of their libert !ill ever have occasion to seek the benefits of said provision. <(t in o!&e! that a pe!son #an in5o,e the #onstit(tiona% p!e#ept/ it is not necessar that he should !ait until a formal complaint or information is filed against him . "rom the moment he is placed under arrest, detention or restraint b the officers of the la!, he can claim this guarantee of the Bill of #ights, and this right he

Petitione! "as #ha!)e& "ith the #!i$e o ,i&nappin). 3hen he o(n& o(t that an In o!$ation ha& *een i%e& an& that a "a!!ant o a!!est ha& *een iss(e& a)ainst hi$/ he "ent into hi&in). 0is %a"+e!/ at the instan#e o his "i e/ ine& a $otion as,in) that the Co(!t ithe a$o(nt o the *on& at P1.4 o! the petitione!1s !e%ease pen&in) t!ia%/ *(t the P!o5in#ia% Fis#a% o Pa$pan)a oppose& the $otion on the )!o(n& that the i%in) "as p!e$at(!e *e#a(se the petitione! ha& *een a!!este&. The !espon&ent '(&)e &is$isse& the $otion on the )!o(n& that the petitioner does not have the right to ask for the court to admit him to bail pending his arrest or surrender. The petitione! #onten&s that as/ (n&e! the Constit(tion/ 6a%% pe!sons sha%% *e o!e #on5i#tion *e *ai%a*%e *+ s( i#ient s(!eties/ e-#ept those #ha!)e& "ith #apita% o enses "hen e5i&en#e o )(i%t is st!on)/6 A!ti#%e III/ Se#tion 1/ pa!a)!aph (16)/ Constit(tion o the Phi%ippines/ an& that the "o!&s 6a%% pe!sons6 (se& in sai& #onstit(tiona% p!o5ision ha5e *een inte!p!ete& to $ean 6a%% pe!sons/ "itho(t &istin#tion/ "hethe! o!$a%%+ #ha!)e& o! not +et so #ha!)e& "ith an+ #!i$ina% o ense6. ISS7E2 3ON the 8(&)e e!!e& in not )!antin) the petition o! a&$ission to *ai%. 0EL9:RATIO2 No. The!e is no ;(estion as to the so(n&ness o the !(%e in5o,e& *+ petitione!. S(#h is the %a" in this 8(!is&i#tion. <(t/ the !(%e is s(*8e#t to the %i$itation that the pe!son app%+in) o! a&$ission to *ai% sho(%& *e in the #(sto&+ o the %a"/ o! othe!"ise &ep!i5e& o his %i*e!t+. In the #ase o Herras Teehankee vs. Rovira/ => Phi%. 6?@/ this Co(!t he%&2 --- A##o!&in) to this p!o5ision/ the )ene!a% !(%e is that an+ pe!son/ *e o!e *ein) #on5i#te& o an+ #!i$ina% o ense/ sha%% *e

retains unless and until he is charged !ith a capital offense and evidence of his guilt is strong. An& in the #ase o Manigbas vs. Luna/ >2 O.A. 1@.>/ it "as he%&2 --- the !i)ht to *ai% on%+ a##!(es "hen a pe!son is a!!este& o! &ep!i5e& o his %i*e!t+. $he purpose of bail is to secure one%s release and it !ould be incongruous to grant bail to one !ho is free. Th(s/ B*ai% is the se#(!it+ !e;(i!e& an& )i5en o! the !e%ease o a pe!son "ho is in the #(sto&+ o the %a".C 3itho(t s(!!en&e!in) hi$se% / he i%e& the $otion in "hi#h he as,s that the #o(!t i- the a$o(nt o the *ai% *on& o! his !e%ease pen&in) t!ia%. It is/ the!e o!e/ #%ea! that the petitione! is a !ee $an an& is (n&e! the 8(!isp!(&en#e not entit%e& to a&$ission to *ai%.

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien

DIRAN9A VS. T7LIAO @86 SCRA ?== (2..6)

an& iss(e& a 'oint O!&e! !e5e!sin) the 'oint O!&e! o '(&)e (I am allowing you to hate me for this digest. Sobrang gulong- gulo ako. Ill just attach the original. The issue raised by the petitioners kasi is not about bail, but the court discussed it in such a way that bail got included. They contrasted. asically, it just says the court ac!uires jurisdiction o"er the person of the accused when he#she submits motions, etc e"en if hes not detained. ut the e$ception is the petition for admission to bail % the accused has to be held in detention in such case. Since were in a hurry, I think thats the only thing we need, or so I make myself belie"e.& Fa#t s2 t"o *(!nt #a&a5e!s "e!e &is#o5e!e& in P(!o, Ni*(%an/ Ra$on/ Isa*e%a/ "hi#h "e!e %ate! i&enti ie& as the &ea& *o&ies o Vi#ente <a(Eon an& E%iEe! T(%iao/ son o p!i5ate !espon&ent Vi!)i%io T(%iao "ho is no" (n&e! the "itness p!ote#tion p!o)!a$. T"o in o!$ations o! $(!&e! "e!e i%e& a)ainst SPO1 3i% !e&o LeaFo/ SPO1 Fe!&inan& Da!Ean/ SPO1 R(*en <. A)(stin/ SPO2 A%e-an&e! Di#(/ SPO2 Ro&e% Da&e!a%/ an& SPO@ E$i%io Ra$i!eE in the Re)iona% T!ia% Co(!t (RTC) o Santia)o Cit+/ *(t the 5en(e "as %ate! t!ans e!!e& to the RTC o Dani%a "hi#h #on5i#te& a%% o the a##(se& an& senten#e& the$ to t"o #o(nts o !e#%(sion pe!pet(a e-#ept SPO2 Da&e!a% "ho "as +et to *e a!!ai)ne& at that ti$e/ *ein) at %a!)e. The #ase "as appea%e& to the S(p!e$e Co(!t on a(to$ati# !e5ie" "he!e "e a##(se& the!ein "as a#;(itte& on the )!o(n& o !easona*%e &o(*t. So$eti$e in Septe$*e! 1999/ SPO2 Da&e!a% "as a!!este&. On 2= Ap!i% 2..1/ he e-e#(te& a s"o!n #on ession an& i&enti ie& petitione!s 'ose C. Di!an&a/ PO? Ro$eo <. O#on/ an& SPO? A%*e!to P. 9a%$a#io/ a #e!tain <o+et &e%a C!(E an& A$a&o 9oe/ as the pe!sons !esponsi*%e o! the &eaths o Vi#ente <a(Eon an& E%iEe! T(%iao. Respon&ent T(%iao i%e& a #!i$ina% #o$p%aint o! $(!&e! a)ainst petitione!s/ <o+et &e%a C!(E/ an& A$a&o 9oe/ an& s(*$itte& the s"o!n #on ession o SPO2 Da&e!a%. A#tin) P!esi&in) '(&)e 3i% !e&o T($a%i(an iss(e& "a!!ants o a!!est a)ainst petitione!s an& SPO2 Da&e!a%. Petitione!s i%e& an (!)ent $otion to #o$p%ete p!e%i$ina!+ in5esti)ation/ to !ein5esti)ate/ an& to !e#a%% an&:o! ;(ash the "a!!ants o a!!est. '(&)e T($a%i(an note& the a*sen#e o petitione!s an& iss(e& a 'oint O!&e! &en+in) sai& (!)ent $otion on the )!o(n& that/ sin#e the #o(!t &i& not a#;(i!e 8(!is&i#tion o5e! thei! pe!sons/ the $otion #annot *e p!ope!%+ hea!& *+ the #o(!t. In the $eanti$e/ petitione!s appea%e& the !eso%(tion o State P!ose#(to! Leo T. Re+es to the 9epa!t$ent o '(sti#e. the ne" P!esi&in) '(&)e Anasta#io 9. An)ha& too, o5e! the #ase

T($a%i(an. Conse;(ent%+/ he o!&e!e& the #an#e%%ation o the "a!!ant o a!!est iss(e& a)ainst petitione! Di!an&a. 0e %i,e"ise app%ie& this O!&e! to petitione!s O#on an& 9a%$a#io. On 12 No5e$*e! 2..1/ this Co(!t iss(e& a Reso%(tion !eso%5in) to )!ant the p!a+e! o! a te$po!a!+ !est!ainin) o!&e! a)ainst '(&)e An)ha& !o$ (!the! p!o#ee&in) "ith the #!i$ina% #ases. Sho!t%+ a te! the a o!esai& !eso%(tion/ '(&)e An)ha& iss(e& a 'oint O!&e! &ate& 1@ No5e$*e! 2..1 &is$issin) the t"o In o!$ations o! $(!&e! a)ainst petitione!s. On 19 No5e$*e! 2..1/ this Co(!t too, note o respondent&s cash bond e5i&en#e& *+ O.R. No. 1>92@>?2 &ate& 1> No5e$*e! 2..1/ an& iss(e& the te$po!a!+ !est!ainin) o!&e! "hi%e !e e!!in) the petition to the Co(!t o Appea%s o! a&8(&i#ation on the $e!its. FIRST ASSIANDENT ERROR OF

3ith a%% &(e !espe#t/ the 0ono!a*%e Co(!t o Appea%s )!a5e%+ e!!e& in !e5e!sin) an& settin) asi&e the 'oint O!&e! o '(&)e Anasta#io 9. An)ha& &ate& A()(st 1=/ 2..1/ Septe$*e! 21/ 2..1/ O#to*e! 16/ 2..1 an& No5e$*e! 1@/ 2..1 iss(e& in #!i$ina% #ases n($*e!e& ?6G?>2? an& ?6G?>2@H an&/ e!!e& in (pho%&in)/ a i!$in) an& !einstatin) the O!&e! &ate& '(%+ 6/ 2..1 iss(e& *+ then A#tin) P!esi&in) '(&)e 3i% !e&o T($a%i(an/ on the a%%e)e& !(%e that an a##(se& #annot see, an+ 8(&i#ia% !e%ie i he &oes not s(*$it his pe!son to the 8(!is&i#tion o the #o(!t. Co(!t2 AIn a##(se& #annot see, an+ 8(&i#ia% !e%ie i he &oes not s(*$it his pe!son to the 8(!is&i#tion o the #o(!t. '(!is&i#tion o5e! the pe!son o the a##(se& $a+ *e a#;(i!e& eithe! th!o()h #o$p(%so!+ p!o#ess/ s(#h as "a!!ant o a!!est/ o! th!o()h his 5o%(nta!+ appea!an#e/ s(#h as "hen he s(!!en&e!s to the po%i#e o! to the #o(!t. It is on%+ "hen the #o(!t has a%!ea&+ a#;(i!e& 8(!is&i#tion o5e! his pe!son that an a##(se& $a+ in5o,e the p!o#esses o the #o(!t (Pete D. Pi#o 5s. A% onso V. Co$*in)/ '!./ A.D. No. RT'G91G=6@/ No5e$*e! 6/ 1992). Th(s/ an a##(se& $(st i!st *e p%a#e& in the #(sto&+ o the %a" *e o!e the #o(!t $a+ 5a%i&%+ a#t on his petition o! 8(&i#ia% !e%ie s.? P!o#ee&in) !o$ this p!e$ise/ the Co(!t o Appea%s !(%e& that petitione!s Di!an&a/ O#on an& 9a%$a#io #annot see, an+ 8(&i#ia% !e%ie sin#e the+ "e!e not +et a!!este& o! othe!"ise &ep!i5e& o thei! %i*e!t+ at the ti$e the+ i%e& thei! 67!)ent Dotion to #o$p%ete p!e%i$ina!+ in5esti)ationH to !ein5esti)ateH to !e#a%% an&:o! ;(ash "a!!ants o a!!est.6@ Petitioners counter the finding of the Court of 'ppeals b arguing that (urisdiction over the person of the accused is re)uired onl in applications for bail. F(!the!$o!e/ petitione!s a!)(e/ ass($in) that s(#h 8(!is&i#tion o5e! thei! pe!son is !e;(i!e& *e o!e the #o(!t #an a#t on thei! $otion to ;(ash the "a!!ant o! thei! a!!est/ s(#h 8(!is&i#tion o5e! thei! pe!son "as a%!ea&+ a#;(i!e& *+ the #o(!t *+ thei! i%in) o the a*o5e 7!)ent Dotion.

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien
The 5o%(nta!+ appea!an#e o the a##(se&/ "he!e*+ the #o(!t a#;(i!es 8(!is&i#tion o5e! his pe!son/ is a##o$p%ishe& eithe! *+ his p%ea&in) to the $e!its (s(#h as *+ i%in) a $otion to ;(ash o! othe! p%ea&in)s !e;(i!in) the e-e!#ise o the #o(!t1s 8(!is&i#tion the!eo5e!/ appea!in) o! a!!ai)n$ent/ ente!in) t!ia%) o! *+ i%in) *ai%. On the $atte! o *ai%/ sin#e the sa$e is inten&e& to o*tain the p!o5isiona% %i*e!t+ o the a##(se&/ as a !(%e the sa$e #annot *e poste& *e o!e #(sto&+ o the a##(se& has *een a#;(i!e& *+ the 8(&i#ia% a(tho!ities eithe! *+ his a!!est o! 5o%(nta!+ s(!!en&e!. Our pronouncement in *antiago sho!s a distinction bet!een custod of the la! and (urisdiction over the person. Custod of the la! is re)uired before the court can act upon the application for bail, but is not re)uired for the ad(udication of other reliefs sought b the defendant !here the mere application therefor constitutes a !aiver of the defense of lack of (urisdiction over the person of the accused. + Custod of the la! is accomplished either b arrest or voluntar surrender,, !hile (urisdiction over the person of the accused is ac)uired upon his arrest or voluntar appearance. -. One can be under the custod of the la! but not et sub(ect to the (urisdiction of the court over his person, such as !hen a person arrested b virtue of a !arrant files a motion before arraignment to )uash the !arrant. On the other hand, one can be sub(ect to the (urisdiction of the court over his person, and et not be in the custod of the la!, such as !hen an accused escapes custod after his trial has commenced. -- Being in the custod of the la! signifies restraint on the person, !ho is thereb deprived of his o!n !ill and libert , binding him to become obedient to the !ill of -/ Custod the la!. of the la! is literall custod over the bod of the accused. 0t includes, but is not limited to, detention. The!e o!e/ in na!!o" #ases in5o%5in) spe#ia% appea!an#es/ an a##(se& #an in5o,e the p!o#esses o the #o(!t e5en tho()h the!e is neithe! 8(!is&i#tion o5e! the pe!son no! #(sto&+ o the %a". 0o"e5e!/ i a pe!son in5o,in) the spe#ia% 8(!is&i#tion o the #o(!t app%ies o! *ai%/ he $(st i!st s(*$it hi$se% to the #(sto&+ o the %a". . I "e a%%o" the )!antin) o *ai% to pe!sons not in the #(sto&+ o the %a"/ it is o!eseea*%e that $an+ pe!sons "ho #an a o!& the *ai% "i%% !e$ain at %a!)e/ an& #o(%& e%(&e *ein) he%& to ans"e! o! the #o$$ission o the o ense i e5e! he is p!o5en )(i%t+. On the othe! han&/ i "e a%%o" the ;(asha% o "a!!ants o a!!est to pe!sons not in the #(sto&+ o the %a"/ it "o(%& *e 5e!+ !a!e that a pe!son not )en(ine%+ entit%e& to %i*e!t+ "o(%& !e$ain s#otG !ee. This is *e#a(se it is the sa$e 8(&)e "ho iss(e& the "a!!ant o a!!est "ho "i%% &e#i&e "hethe! o!

not he o%%o"e& the Constit(tion in his &ete!$ination o p!o*a*%e #a(se/ an& he #an easi%+ &en+ the $otion to ;(ash i he !ea%%+ &i& in& p!o*a*%e #a(se a te! pe!sona%%+ e-a$inin) the !e#o!&s o the #ase.

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien

CORTES VS CATRAL 2=9 SCRA 1 (199=)

ISS7E2 3ON the a%%e)ations o #o$p%ainant "o(%& FACTS2 Co!tes i%e& a #o$p%aint a)ainst '(&)e Cat!a% o! )!antin) *ai% "itho(t hea!in). 1. Cat!a% a%%e)e&%+ )!ante& *ai% in t"o $(!&e! #ases/ a #!i$e that is s(ppose&%+ not *ai%a*%e) "itho(t hea!in). Cat!a% sa+s2In one o the$/ the #ase "as !(st!ate& ho$i#i&e/ an& the p!ose#(to! !e#o$$en&e& *ai% o 2..4/ p%(s the #i!#($stantia% e5i&en#e "e!e "ea,. In the #ase o Peop%e 5. Ro&!i)o <($an)%a)/ C!i$ina% Case .8G866 o! $(!&e!/ the in;(est 8(&)e iss(e& a "a!!ant o a!!est o! the a##(se& "ith no *ai% !e#o$$en&e&. 3hen the #ase "as e%e5ate& to the Re)iona% T!ia% Co(!t (pon in o!$ation i%e& *+ the p!o5in#ia% p!ose#(to!/ the in o!$ation $a&e no $ention o a *ai%*on&. In the hea!in) o the petition to &ete!$ine "hethe! o! not the e5i&en#e o )(i%t is st!on)/ the is#a% opte& not to int!o&(#e e5i&en#e an& !e#o$$en&e& *ai% in the s($ o P2../...... instea&. Respon&ent 8(&)e Ja#tin) on the sai& !e#o$$en&ation an& a)ain )(i&e& *+ the p!o5ision o Se#tion 9/ A&$inist!ati5e Ci!#(%a! 12G9@ in #on8(n#tion "ith the e5i&en#e e-tant on the !e#o!& app!o5e& the !e#o$$en&ation o P!ose#(to! Apo%ina! Ca!!ao.K A &(p%i#ate #op+ o t!ia% p!ose#(to! Apo%ina! Ca!!ao1s %ette! &ate& Septe$*e! ?/ 1996 a&&!esse& to the p!o5in#ia% p!ose#(to! Ro$eo Sa#;(in) "as p!esente& *+ the !espon&ent to &isp!o5e the a##(sation that he )!ante& *ai% to the a##(se& "itho(t #on&(#tin) an+ hea!in). Cat!a% a%%e)e&%+ !e&(#e& *ai%*on& o! an i%%e)a% possession o i!ea!$s #ase !o$ 18.4 (!e#o$$en&e& *+ p!ose#(to!) to ?.4 "itho(t hea!in). Cat!a% sa+s2 *ai%*on& !e#o$$en&e& "as 18.4. a##(se& i%e& o! !e&(#tion an& the!e "as no opposition !o$ p!ose#(to!. <a!an)a+ Captain Ni%o &e Ri5e!a "ith a ho$i#i&e #ase "as )!ante& "ith a *ai%*on& o P1@/8..... *+ '(&)e Se)(n&o Cat!a%. The a$o(nt is too %o". It is *e#a(se this Ni%o &e Ri5e!a is anothe! )oon o '(%io <on) 9e#ie!to. Cat!a% sa+s2 he "as a#tin) on the !e#o$$en&ation o the OIC p!o5in#ia% p!ose#(to! an& $in& (% o the )(i&e%ines in i-in) a !easona*%e a$o(nt o *ai%*on& #o(p%e& *+ the a#t that the e5i&en#e @. the on !e#o!& is $e!e%+ #i!#($stantia% an& the!e "as no e+e"itness to the #o$$ission o #!i$e )!ante& *ai%*on& in the s($ o P1@/8...... . 'i$$+ Si!i*an the !i)ht han& $an o '(%io L<on)1 9i#ie!to "as s(e& o! #on#(*ina)e an& #on5i#te& *+ '(&)e 0e!$inio &e% Casti%%o in DTC. 'i$$+ Si!i*an appea%e& an& it "as e%e5ate& to the RTC <!an#h .8/ the sa%a o '(&)e Se)(n&o Cat!a%. '(&)e Se)(n&o Cat!a% a#;(itte& 'i$$+ Si!i*an/ !($o!s in Apa!!i sp!ea& that the "i e o '(&)e Se)(n&o Cat!a% "ent to 'i$$+ Si!i*an1s ho(se to )et the en5e%op

2.

?.

"a!!ant the i$position o a&$inist!ati5e san#tion a)ainst !espon&ent 8(&)e. 0EL9:RATIO2 MES. <ai% sho(%& *e i-e& a##o!&in) to the #i!#($stan#es o ea#h #ase. The a$o(nt i-e& sho(%& *e s( i#ient to ens(!e the p!esen#e o the a##(se& at the t!ia% +et !easona*%e eno()h to #o$p%+ "ith the #onstit(tiona% p!o5ision that *ai% sho(%& not *e e-#essi5e. The!e o!e/ "hethe! *ai% is a $atte! o !i)ht o! o &is#!etion/ !easona*%e noti#e o hea!in) is !e;(i!e& to *e )i5en to the p!ose#(to! o! is#a% o! at %east he $(st *e as,e& o! his !e#o$$en&ation *e#a(se in i-in) the a$o(nt o *ai%/ the 8(&)e is !e;(i!e& to ta,e into a##o(nt a n($*e! o a#to!s s(#h as the app%i#ant1s #ha!a#te! an& !ep(tation/ o! eit(!e o othe! *on&s o! "hethe! he is a ()iti5e !o$ 8(sti#e. 3hen the a##(se& is #ha!)e& "ith an o ense p(nisha*%e *+ &eath/ reclusion er etua o! %i e i$p!ison$ent/ the 8(&)e is $an&ate& to #on&(#t a hea!in)/ "hethe! s($$a!+ o! othe!"ise in the &is#!etion o the #o(!t/ not on%+ to ta,e into a##o(nt the )(i&e%ines set o!th in Se#tion 9/ R(%e 11@ o the R(%es o Co(!t/ *(t p!i$a!i%+ to &ete!$ine the e-isten#e o st!on) e5i&en#e o )(i%t o! %a#, o it/ a)ainst the a##(se&. Respon&ent 8(&)e/ in t"o instan#es/ )!ante& *ai% to an a##(se& #ha!)e& "ith $(!&e!/ "itho(t ha5in) #on&(#te& an+ hea!in) as to "hethe! the e5i&en#e o )(i%t a)ainst the a##(se& is st!on). In a #!i$e o $(!&e!. The p!o5in#ia% p!ose#(to! !e#o$$en&e& the s($ o P2../...... as *ai%*on& o! ea#h a##(se&. The !e#o!&s &o not !e5ea% "hethe! a hea!in) "as a#t(a%%+ #on&(#te& on the app%i#ation o! *ai% a%tho()h !espon&ent 8(&)e i$p%ies that the!e "as one/ statin) that Ja#tin) on this !e#o$$en&ation o the p!o5in#ia% p!ose#(to! an& ta,in) into a##o(nt the )(i&e%ines p!es#!i*e& in Se#tion 9 o A&$inist!ati5e Ci!#(%a! 12G9@/ the #o(!t iss(e& a "a!!ant o a!!est an& i-e& the a$o(nt o P2../...... o! the p!o5isiona% %i*e!t+ o ea#h o the a##(se&.K S(*se;(ent%+/ #o(nse% o! a##(se& Ah$e& 9(e!$e i%e& a $otion o! !e&(#tion o *ai%. The Jhea!in)K o the $otion "as #on&(#te& on A()(st 21/ 199> "ith the p!ose#(tion/ not ha5in) inte!pose& an+ opposition/ an& s(*$ittin) the !eso%(tion o the $otion to the so(n& &is#!etion o the #o(!t instea&. Respon&ent 8(&)e then iss(e& an o!&e! )!antin) a !e&(#e& *ai%*on& o P>./...... o! a##(se& Ah$e& 9(e!$e inas$(#h as Jthe e5i&en#e "as not so st!on) to "a!!ant the i-ation o sai& a$o(nt.K The o!&e! )!antin) the !e&(#e& *ai%*on&/ ho"e5e!/ &i& not #ontain a s($$a!+ o the e5i&en#e o! the p!ose#(tion. In anothe! $(!&e! #ase/ a te! #on&(#tin) a p!e%i$ina!+ in5esti)ation/ the in;(est 8(&)e iss(e& a "a!!ant o the a!!est o! the a##(se& "ith no *ai% !e#o$$en&e&. 3hen the #ase "as e%e5ate& to the Re)iona% T!ia% Co(!t/ the in o!$ation $a&e no $ention o a *ai%*on&. Conse;(ent%+/ a##(se& th!o()h #o(nse%

>

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien
i%e& a petition o! *ai%. In the hea!in) o the petition to &ete!$ine "hethe! o! not the e5i&en#e o )(i%t a)ainst the a##(se& "as st!on)/ the is#a% opte& not to int!o&(#e e5i&en#e an& !e#o$$en&e& the s($ o P2../...... instea&. Respon&ent 8(&)e/ Ja#tin) on sai& !e#o$$en&ation an& a)ain )(i&e& *+ the p!o5ision o Se#tion 9/ A&$inist!ati5e Ci!#(%a! 12G9@ in #on8(n#tion "ith the e5i&en#e e-tant on !e#o!&/K iss(e& an o!&e! )!antin) *ai% to the a##(se& in the s($ o P2../....... 7na*%e to post the sai& *on&/ a##(se& th!o()h #o(nse% i%e& a $otion to !e&(#e *ai%. In the #o(!se o the hea!in) o the petition/ the p(*%i# p!ose#(to! $ani este& that he ha& no o*8e#tion to the s($ o P>./...... as *ai% o! the a##(se&. Respon&ent 8(&)e/ then J)(i&e& *+ the a#t(a% settin) an& the s(ppo!tin) e5i&en#e e-tant on !e#o!&K !e&(#e& the *ai% *on& !o$ P2../...... to P>./...... as !e#o$$en&e& *+ the p!ose#(to!. On#e a)ain/ the o!&e! )!antin) the *ai% o P2../....../ as "e%% as the !e&(#e& *ai% *on& o P>./....../ &i& not #ontain a s($$a!+ o the e5i&en#e p!esente& *+ the p!ose#(tion. the 8(&)e is $an&ate& to #on&(#t a hea!in) e5en in #ases "he!e the p!ose#(tion #hooses to 8(st i%e a #o$$ent o! %ea5e the app%i#ation o *ai% to the so(n& &is#!etion o the #o(!t. A hea!in) is %i,e"ise !e;(i!e& i the p!ose#(tion !e (ses to a&&(#e e5i&en#e in opposition to the app%i#ation to )!ant an& i*ai%. The i$po!tan#e o a hea!in) has *een e$phasiEe& in not a e" #ases "he!ein the #o(!t !(%e& that/ e5en i the p!ose#(tion !e (ses to a&&(#e e5i&en#e o! ai%s to inte!pose an o*8e#tion to the $otion o! *ai%/ it is sti%% $an&ato!+ o! the #o(!t to #on&(#t a hea!in) o! as, sea!#hin) ;(estions !o$ "hi#h it $a+ in e! the st!en)th o the e5i&en#e o )(i%t/ o! the %a#, o it a)ainst the a##(se&.K The !eason o! this is p%ain. Inas$(#h as the &ete!$ination o "hethe! o! not the e5i&en#e o )(i%t a)ainst the a##(se& is st!on) is a $atte! o 8(&i#ia% &is#!etion/ It $a+ !i)ht%+ *e e-e!#ise& on%+ a te! the e5i&en#e is s(*$itte& to the #o(!t at the hea!in). Sin#e the &is#!etion is &i!e#te& to the "ei)ht o e5i&en#e an& sin#e e5i&en#e #annot p!ope!%+ *e "ei)he& i not &(%+ e-hi*ite& o! p!o&(#e& *e o!e the #o(!t/ it is o*5io(s that a p!ope! e-e!#ise o 8(&i#ia% &is#!etion !e;(i!es that the e5i&en#e o )(i%t *e s(*$itte& to the #o(!t/ the petitione! ha5in) the !i)ht o #!oss e-a$ination an& to int!o&(#e e5i&en#e in his o"n !e*(tta%. The p!o#e&(!a% %apse o !espon&ent 8(&)e is a))!a5ate& *+ the a#t that e5en tho()h the a##(se& in C!i$ina% Case No. .=G8=@/ Peop%e 5. Ah$e& 9(e!$e/ ha5e +et to *e a!!este&/ !espon&ent a%!ea&+ i-e& *ai% in the s($ o P2../....... Respon&ent e5i&ent%+ ,ne" that the a##(se& "e!e sti%% at %a!)e as he e5en ha& to &i!e#t thei! a!!est in the sa$e o!&e! "he!e he si$(%taneo(s%+ )!ante& the$ *ai%. At this 8(n#t(!e/ the!e is a nee& to !eite!ate the *asi# p!in#ip%e that the !i)ht to *ai% #an on%+ *e a5ai%e& o *+ a pe!son "ho is in #(sto&+ o the %a" o! othe!"ise &ep!i5e& o his %i*e!t+ an& it "o(%& *e p!e$at(!e/ not to sa+ in#on)!(o(s/ to i%e a petition o! *ai% o! so$e "hose !ee&o$ has +et to *e #(!tai%e&.

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien PEOPLE VS. DANALLO @.. SCRA 129 (2..?)
the p!ose#(tion1s e5i&en#e *(t !athe! on the "ea,ness o the FACTS2 Spo(ses Ro$eo Na*o! an& Li%iosa Napa+ an& thei! nineG +ea! o%& &a()hte! Rosa%&iEa Na*o! tenante& an& %i5e& in a #o#on(t p%antation %o#ate& in <a!an)a+ Sa%()an/ Ca$i%i)/ A%*a+. Rosa%&iEa he%pe& in the ho(seho%& #ho!es *+ "ashin) the a$i%+1s &i!t+ %a(n&!+ e5e!+ Sat(!&a+ at the *a!an)a+ !ese!5oi!. The !o(te to the !ese!5oi! "as (ninha*ite&. Aoin) the!e "as ;(ite a %on) t!e,. It (s(a%%+ too, Rosa%&iEa i teen $in(tes to ne)otiate the )!ass+ path !o$ the !ese!5oi! to thei! ho(se. In 1989/ Ro$eo en)a)e& the se!5i#es o A%e- Dana%%o/ as #o#on(t )athe!e!. A%e- he%pe& the Na*o! #o(p%e )athe! #o#on(t p!o&(#e on#e a "ee,. One &a+/ in 1992/ Rosa%&iEa "ent to the !ese!5oi! to "ash he! #%othes an& to ta,e a *ath. On he! "a+ *a#, ho$e/ Dana%%o s(&&en%+ appea!e& !o$ the *(shes/ )!a**e& he! an& !ape& he!. A%e- &!esse& (p an& "a!ne& he! not to te%% he! pa!ents/ *!othe!s an& siste!s o the in#i&ent/ othe!"ise/ he "o(%& ,i%% the$ a%%. Rosa%&iEa p(t on he! #%othes an& !an ho$e. Rosa%&iEa !e%ate& to he! $othe! "hat ha& happene& to he!. De&i#oGLe)a%. Then Rosa%&iEa an& Li%iosa "ent *a#, to the po%i#e station an& e-e#(te& thei! !espe#ti5e s"o!n state$ents. An in o!$ation "as i%e& "ith the Re)iona% T!ia% Co(!t o Le)aspi Cit+/ #ha!)in) A%e- "ith !ape. 1o bail !as recommended o! the p!o5isiona% %i*e!t+ o A%e-. 0e i%e&/ on Da+ 8/ 1992/ a $otion o! *ai% "ith no spe#i i# &ate an& ti$e o! the hea!in) the!eo . 7pon the filing of said motion, the 23ecutive 4udge issued an order granting the motion an& i-in) his *ai% *on& at P>./....... On the same da , 'le3 posted a propert bond !hich !as immediatel approved b the court. A%e"as o!th"ith !e%ease& !o$ &etention. At his a!!ai)n$ent on '(ne 1=/ 1992/ A%e-/ &(%+ assiste& *+ #o(nse% de o!icio/ p%ea&e& not )(i%t+. T!ia% "as set on '(ne 18/ 1992. The p!ose#(tion p!a+e& the t!ia% #o(!t to #an#e% the *on& o A%e- #onsi&e!in) that his petition o! *ai% "as )!ante& "itho(t &(e hea!in). 0o"e5e!/ the t!ia% #o(!t he%& in a*e+an#e !eso%(tion o the $otion (nti% a te! the p!ose#(to! sha%% ha5e p!esente& its "itnesses on '(ne 18/ 1992. The t!ia% #o(!t state& that the e5i&en#e to *e a&&(#e& *+ the p!ose#(tion "o(%& *e its e5i&en#e in A%e-1s petition o! *ai% an& t!ia% on the $e!its. On '(ne 18/ 1992/ the t!ia% #o(!t iss(e& an o!&e! that A%e- "o(%& !e$ain !ee on his *on& (nti% '(ne 22/ 1992/ the &ate set o! the hea!in) on his petition o! *ai%. 0o"e5e!/ A%e- ai%e& to atten& the t!ia% on sai& &ate. The t!ia% #o(!t iss(e& an& o!&e! o! his a!!est. 0o"e5e!/ A%e- #o(%& no %on)e! *e o(n& at his a&&!ess. It "as on%+ si- +ea!s the!ea te!/ o! on 'an(a!+ 22/ 1998/ that he "as a!!este&. 0e &enie& !apin) Rosa%&iEa an& #%ai$e& that the+ "e!e %o5e!s. 0e "as o(n& )(i%t+. (sho!t sto!+ 5e!sion.) ISS7E (in the #ase)2 3ON the t!ia% #o(!t )!a5e%+ e!!e& in #on5i#tin) a##(se&Gappe%%ant not on the *asis o the st!en)th o

e5i&en#e &e ense

o!

the

)(i&e his e-e!#ise o 8(!is&i#tion.

0EL9:RATIO2 NO. E5en a #(!so!+ !ea&in) o the &e#ision o the t!ia% #o(!t "i%% !ea&i%+ sho" that it #on5i#te& appe%%ant o the #!i$e #ha!)e& in %i)ht o the testi$on+ o Rosa%&iEa an& 9!. Lo!iaG F%o!e#e an& the ph+si#a% e5i&en#e a&&(#e& *+ the p!ose#(tion. The t!ia% #o(!t #onsi&e!e& appe%%ant1s %i)ht !o$ the s#ene o the #!i$e/ his ha5in) 8($pe& *ai% an& o! e%(&in) a!!est o! si- %on) +ea!s as e5i&en#e o his )(i%t o! the #!i$e #ha!)e& <AILGRELATE9 paste)2 (#op+G

The Co(!t #annot "!ite !inis to this #ase "itho(t $a,in) o !e#o!& its #on#e!n an& &isp%eas(!e at the e)!e)io(s p!o#e&(!a% %apse o the t!ia% #o(!t in )!antin) *ai% to appe%%ant. It *ea!s st!essin) that he "as #ha!)e& "ith !ape p(nisha*%e *+ reclusion er etua to &eath. Se#tion >/ R(%e 11@ o the 198> R(%es o C!i$ina% P!o#e&(!e !ea&s2 SEC. >. "urden o! roo! in "ail a lication. N At the hea!in) o an app%i#ation o! a&$ission to *ai% i%e& *+ an+ pe!son "ho is in #(sto&+ o! the #o$$ission o an o ense p(nisha*%e *+ reclusion er etua to &eath/ the p!ose#(tion has the *(!&en o sho"in) that e5i&en#e o )(i%t is st!on). The e5i&en#e p!esente& &(!in) the *ai% hea!in)s sha%% *e #onsi&e!e& a(to$ati#a%%+ !ep!o&(#e& at the t!ia%/ *(t (pon $otion o eithe! pa!t+/ the #o(!t $a+ !e#a%% an+ "itness o! a&&itiona% e-a$ination (n%ess the "itness is &ea&/ o(tsi&e o the Phi%ippines o! othe!"ise (na*%e to testi +. (p%ease see p!e5io(s #ase o! the &(ties o the t!ia% #o(!t in !eso%5in) a $otion o! petition o! *ai%) In this #ase/ the appe%%ant i%e& his $otion o! *ai% on Da+ 8/ 1992. The!e "as no spe#i i# &ate an& ti$e o! the hea!in) o sai& $otion. An& +et/ on the same da that the motion !as filed, the trial court granted the said motion and fi3ed the bail bond for the provisional libert of the appellant in the amount of P5.,...... !ithout an factual basis therefore stated in the order. E5en "hen the p(*%i# p!ose#(to! p!a+e& the #o(!t on '(ne 1=/ 1992/ o! the #an#e%%ation o the p!ope!t+ *on& o the appe%%ant on the )!o(n& that the trial court granted his motion for bail !ithout even affording the prosecution a chance to be heard thereon and adduce its evidence in opposition thereto/ the t!ia% #o(!t he%& in a*e+an#e !eso%(tion the!eo an& e5en a%%o"e& the appe%%ant to !e$ain !ee on his *on& in the a$o(nt o on%+ P>./....... Patent%+/ the p!ose#(tion "as &ep!i5e& o its !i)ht to &(e p!o#ess. A *ai% app%i#ation &oes not on%+ in5o%5e the !i)ht o the a##(se& to te$po!a!+ %i*e!t+/ *(t %i,e"ise the !i)ht o the State to p!ote#t the peop%e an& the pea#e o the #o$$(nit+ !o$ &an)e!o(s e%e$ents. These t"o !i)hts $(st *e *a%an#e& *+ a $a)ist!ate in the s#a%e o 8(sti#e/ hen#e/ the ne#essit+ o! hea!in) to

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien LAVI9ES VS CA A.R. 1296=. Fe*!(a!+ 1/ 2...
FACTS2 Dano%et La5i&es "as a!!este& on Ap!i% ?/ 199= o! #hi%& a*(se (n&e! R.A. No. =61. (an a#t p!o5i&in) o! st!on)e! &ete!!en#e an& spe#ia% p!ote#tion a)ainst #hi%& a*(se/ e-p%oitation an& &is#!i$ination/ p!o5i&in) pena%ties o! its 5io%ation/ an& othe! p(!poses). 0is a!!est "as $a&e "itho(t a "a!!ant as a !es(%t o an ent!ap$ent #on&(#te& *+ the po%i#e. It appea!s that on Ap!i% ?/ 199=/ the pa!ents o #o$p%ainant Lo!e%ie San Di)(e% !epo!te& to the po%i#e that thei! &a()hte!/ then 16 +ea!s o%&/ ha& *een #onta#te& *+ petitione! o! an assi)nation that ni)ht at petitione!1s !oo$ at the Det!opo%itan 0ote% in 9i%i$an/ O(eEon Cit+. Appa!ent%+/ this "as not the i!st ti$e the po%i#e !e#ei5e& !epo!ts o petitione!1s a#ti5ities. 3hen petitione! opene& the &oo!/ the po%i#e sa" hi$ "ith Lo!e%ie/ "ho "as "ea!in) on%+ a tGshi!t an& an (n&e!"ea!/ "he!e(pon the+ a!!este& hi$. <ase& on the s"o!n state$ent o #o$p%ainant an& the a i&a5its o the a!!estin) o i#e!s/ "hi#h "e!e s(*$itte& at the in;(est/ an in o!$ation o! 5io%ation o A!t. III/ P>(*) o R.A. No. =61. "as i%e& a)ainst petitione!. petitione! i%e& an 6O$ni*(s Dotion (1) Fo! '(&i#ia% 9ete!$ination o P!o*a*%e Ca(seH (2) Fo! the I$$e&iate Re%ease o the A##(se& 7n%a" (%%+ 9etaine& on an 7n%a" (% 3a!!ant%ess A!!estH an& (?) 0n the 2vent of 'dverse #esolution of the 'bove 0ncident, 7erein 'ccused be 'llo!ed to Bail as a Matter of #ight under the 8a! on 9hich 7e is Charged. nine $o!e in o!$ations o! #hi%& a*(se "e!e i%e& a)ainst petitione! *+ the sa$e #o$p%ainant/ Lo!e%ie San Di)(e%/ an& *+ th!ee othe! $ino! #hi%&!en No *ai% "as !e#o$$en&e&. Nonethe%ess/ petitione! i%e& sepa!ate app%i#ations o! *ai% in the nine #ases. TRIAL CO7RT2 2. The a##(se& is entit%e& to *ai% in a%% the a*o5eG entit%e& #ase. 0e is he!e*+ )!ante& the !i)ht to post *ai% in the a$o(nt o P8./...... o! ea#h #ase o! a tota% o P8../...... o! a%% the #ases (n&e! the o%%o"in) #on&itions2 a) The a##(se& sha%% not *e entit%e& to a "ai5e! o appea!an#e &(!in) the t!ia% o these #ases. 0e sha%% an& $(st a%"a+s *e p!esent at the hea!in)s o these #asesH

&) 'pproval of the bail bonds shall be made onl after the arraignment to enable this Court to immediatel ac)uire (urisdiction over the accused6

*) 0n the event that he shall not be able to do so, his bail bonds shall be automaticall cancelled and forfeited, !arrants for his arrest shall be immediatel issued and the cases shall proceed to trial in absentiaH #) The ho%&G&epa!t(!e O!&e! o this Co(!t &ate& Ap!i% 1./ 199= stan&sH an&

Petitione! i%e& a $otion to ;(ash the in o!$ations a)ainst hi$. Pen&in) !eso%(tion o his $otion/ he as,e& the t!ia% #o(!t to s(spen& the a!!ai)n$ent s#he&(%e& on Da+ 2?/ 199=. 0e i%e& a $otion in "hi#h he p!a+e& that the a$o(nts o *ai% *on&s *e !e&(#e& to P@./...... o! ea#h #ase an& that the sa$e *e &one p!io! to his a!!ai)n$ent. the t!ia% #o(!t/ in sepa!ate o!&e!s/ &enie& petitione!1s $otions to !e&(#e *ai% *on&s/ to ;(ash the in o!$ations/ an& to s(spen& a!!ai)n$ent. A##o!&in)%+/ petitione! "as a!!ai)ne& &(!in) "hi#h he p%ea&e& not )(i%t+ to the #ha!)es a)ainst hi$ an& then o!&e!e& hi$ !e%ease& (pon postin) *ai% *on&s in the tota% a$o(nt o P8../....../ s(*8e#t to the #on&itions in the Da+ 16/ 199= o!&e! an& the 6ho%&G &epa!t(!e6 o!&e! o Ap!i% 1./ 199=. The p!eGt!ia% #on e!en#e "as set on '(ne =/ 199=. The Co(!t o Appea%s &e#%a!e& #on&itions (a) an& (*) in5a%i& *(t &e#%ine& to pass (pon the 5a%i&it+ o #on&ition (&) on the )!o(n& that the iss(e ha& *e#o$e $oot an& a#a&e$i#. Petitione! ta,es iss(e "ith the Co(!t o Appea%s "ith !espe#t to its t!eat$ent o #on&ition (&) o the Da+ 16/ 199= o!&e! o the t!ia% #o(!t "hi#h $a,es petitione!1s a!!ai)n$ent a p!e!e;(isite to the app!o5a% o his *ai% *on&s. 0is #ontention is that this #on&ition is 5oi& an& that his a!!ai)n$ent "as a%so in5a%i& *e#a(se it "as he%& p(!s(ant to s(#h in5a%i& #on&ition. ISS7E2 3ON the #on&ition is 5oi& an& the a!!ai)n$ent in5a%i&. 0EL92 CON9ITION IS VOI9. *ai% sho(%& *e )!ante& *e o!e a!!ai)n$ent/ othe!"ise the a##(se& $a+ *e p!e#%(&e& !o$ i%in) a $otion to ;(ash. Fo! i the in o!$ation is ;(ashe& an& the #ase is &is$isse&/ the!e "o(%& then *e no nee& o! the a!!ai)n$ent o the a##(se&. In the se#on& p%a#e/ the t!ia% #o(!t #o(%& ens(!e the p!esen#e o petitione! at the a!!ai)n$ent p!e#ise%+ *+ )!antin) *ai% an& o!&e!in) his p!esen#e at an+ sta)e o the p!o#ee&in)s/ s(#h as a!!ai)n$ent. 7n&e! R(%e 11@/ P2(*) o the R(%es on C!i$ina% P!o#e&(!e/ one o the #on&itions o *ai% is that 6the a##(se& sha%% appea! *e o!e the p!ope! #o(!t "hene5e! so !e;(i!e& *+ the #o(!t o! these R(%es/6 "hi%e (n&e! R(%e 116/ P1(*) the p!esen#e o the a##(se& at the a!!ai)n$ent is !e;(i!e& to #on&ition the )!ant o *ai% to an a##(se& on his a!!ai)n$ent "o(%& *e to p%a#e hi$ in a position "he!e he has to #hoose *et"een (1) i%in) a $otion to ;(ash an& th(s &e%a+ his !e%ease on *ai% *e#a(se (nti% his $otion to ;(ash #an *e !eso%5e&/ his a!!ai)n$ent #annot *e he%&/ an& (2) o!e)oin) the i%in) o a $otion to ;(ash so that he #an *e a!!ai)ne& at on#e an& the!ea te! *e !e%ease& on *ai%. These s#ena!ios #e!tain%+

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien
(n&e!$ine the a##(se&1s #onstit(tiona% !i)ht not to *e p(t on t!ia% e-#ept (pon 5a%i& #o$p%aint o! in o!$ation s( i#ient to #ha!)e hi$ "ith a #!i$e an& his !i)ht to *ai%. The #on&ition i$pose& in the t!ia% #o(!t1s o!&e! o Da+ 16/ 199= that the a##(se& #annot "ai5e his appea!an#e at the t!ia% *(t that he $(st *e p!esent at the hea!in)s o the #ase is 5a%i& an& is in a##o!&an#e "ith R(%e 11@. Fo! anothe! #on&ition o *ai% (n&e! R(%e 11@/ P2(#) is that 6The ai%(!e o the a##(se& to appea! at the t!ia% "itho(t 8(sti i#ation &espite &(e noti#e to hi$ o! his *on&s$an sha%% *e &ee$e& an e-p!ess "ai5e! o his !i)ht to *e p!esent on the &ate spe#i ie& in the noti#e. In s(#h #ase/ t!ia% sha%% p!o#ee& in absentia.6 '8s# A!t. III/ P1@(2) o the Constit(tion a(tho!iEin) t!ia%s in absentia a%%o"s the a##(se& to *e a*sent at the t!ia% *(t not at #e!tain sta)es o the p!o#ee&in)s/ to "it2 (a) at a!!ai)n$ent an& p%ea/ "hethe! o inno#en#e o! o )(i%t/ (*) &(!in) t!ia% "hene5e! ne#essa!+ o! i&enti i#ation p(!poses/ an& (#) at the p!o$(%)ation o senten#e/ (n%ess it is o! a %i)ht o ense/ in "hi#h #ase the a##(se& $a+ appea! *+ #o(nse% o! !ep!esentati5e. At s(#h sta)es o the p!o#ee&in)s/ his p!esen#e is !e;(i!e& an& #annot *e "ai5e&. IT 9OES NOT FOLLO3 T0AT T0E ARRAIANDENT OF PETITIONER ON DAM 2?/ 199= 3AS ALSO INVALI9. Cont!a!+ to petitione!1s #ontention/ the a!!ai)n$ent &i& not e$anate !o$ the in5a%i& #on&ition that 6app!o5a% o the *ai% *on&s sha%% *e $a&e on%+ a te! the a!!ai)n$ent.6 E5en "itho(t s(#h a #on&ition/ the a!!ai)n$ent o petitione! #o(%& not *e o$itte&. In s($/ a%tho()h the #on&ition o! the )!ant o *ai% to petitione! is in5a%i&/ his a!!ai)n$ent an& the s(*se;(ent p!o#ee&in)s a)ainst hi$ a!e 5a%i&.

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien SERAPIO VS. SAN9IAAN<AMAN ?96 SCRA @@? (2..?)
hea!in) sha%% *e #onsi&e!e& a(to$ati#a%%+ !ep!o&(#e& at the t!ia%. (:O; M': $70*, $OO.) 7'$2 M2 "O# even before the other accused filed their respective petitions for bail . A##o!&in)%+/ the San&i)an*a+an set the hea!in) o! the !e#eption o e5i&en#e on petitione!1s petition o! *ai% on Da+ 21 to 2>/ 2..1 . The San&i)an*a+an iss(e& a !eso%(tion !e;(i!in) the atten&an#e o petitione! as "e%% as a%% the othe! a##(se& &(!in) the hea!in)s on the petitions o! *ai% (n&e! pain o "ai5e! o #!ossG e-a$ination. The San&i)an*a+an/ #itin) its inhe!ent po"e!s to p!o#ee& "ith the t!ia% o the #ase in the $anne! it &ete!$ines *est #on&(#i5e to o!&e!%+ p!o#ee&in)s an& spee&+ te!$ination o the #ase/ &i!e#te& the othe! a##(se& to pa!ti#ipate in the sai& *ai% hea!in) #onsi&e!in) that (n&e! Se#tion 8/ R(%e 11@ o the Re5ise& R(%es o Co(!t/ "hate5e! e5i&en#e is a&&(#e& &(!in) the *ai%

<e o!e the Co(!t a!e t"o petitions o! #e!tio!a!i i%e& *+ petitione! E&"a!& Se!apio/ assai%in) the !eso%(tions o the Thi!& 9i5ision o the San&i)an*a+an den ing his petition for bail/ $otion o! a !ein5esti)ation an& $otion to ;(ash/ an& a petition o! habeas cor us/ a%% in !e%ation to C!i$ina% Case No. 26>>8 o! p%(n&e! "he!ein petitione! is one o the a##(se& to)ethe! "ith o!$e! P!esi&ent 'oseph E. Est!a&a/ 'ose J'in))o+K P. Est!a&a an& se5e!a% othe!s. Petitione! "as a $e$*e! o the <oa!& o T!(stees an& the Le)a% Co(nse% o the E!ap D(s%i$ Mo(th Fo(n&ation/ a nonGsto#,/ nonG p!o it o(n&ation esta*%ishe& in Fe*!(a!+ 2... ostensi*%+ o! the p(!pose o p!o5i&in) e&(#ationa% oppo!t(nities o! the poo! an& (n&e!p!i5i%e)e& *(t &ese!5in) D(s%i$ +o(th an& st(&ents/ an& s(ppo!t to !esea!#h an& a&5an#e st(&ies o +o(n) D(s%i$ e&(#ato!s an& s#ientists. Petitione!/ as t!(stee o the Fo(n&ation/ !e#ei5e& on its *eha% a &onation in the a$o(nt o T"o 0(n&!e& Di%%ion Pesos (P2.. Di%%ion) !o$ I%o#os S(! Ao5e!no! L(is JCha5itK Sin)son. A##(se& *+ In o!$ations i%e&. Sin)son.

The San&i)an*a+an set the a!!ai)n$ent o the a##(se&/ in#%(&in) petitione!. In the $eanti$e/ on Ap!i% 2=/ 2..1/ petitione! i%e& "ith the San&i)an*a+an an ;rgent Petition for Bail !hich !as set for hearing on Ma <, /..-. Fo! his pa!t/ petitione!1s #oG a##(se& 'ose J'in))o+K Est!a&a i%e& on Ap!i% 2./ 2..1 a Ve!+ 7!)ent O$ni*(s Dotion a%%e)in) that he "as entit%e& to *ai% as a $atte! o !i)ht. 9(!in) the hea!in) on Da+ @/ 2..1 on petitione!1s 7!)ent Petition o! <ai%/ the prosecution moved for the resetting of the arraignment of the accused earlier than the 4une /=, /..- schedule. 0o"e5e!/ the *andiganba an denied the motion of the prosecution and issued an order declaring that the petition for bail can and should be heard before petitioner&s arraignment on 4une /=, /..- and

The *ai% hea!in) &i& not p!o#ee& *e#a(se petitione! i%e& "ith the San&i)an*a+an a $otion to ;(ash the a$en&e& In o!$ation on the )!o(n&s that as a)ainst hi$/ the a$en&e& In o!$ation &oes not a%%e)e a #o$*ination o! se!ies o o5e!t o! #!i$ina% a#ts #onstit(ti5e o p%(n&e!H as a)ainst hi$/ the a$en&e& In o!$ation &oes not a%%e)e a patte!n o #!i$ina% a#ts in&i#ati5e o an o5e!a%% (n%a" (% s#he$e o! #onspi!a#+. <+ "a+ o !iposte/ the p!ose#(tion o*8e#te& to the ho%&in) o *ai% hea!in) (nti% petitione! a)!ee& to "ith&!a" his $otion to ;(ash. $he prosecution contended that petitioner&s motion to )uash the amended 0nformation !as antithetical to his petition for bail. 0e a%so i%e& a petition o! 0a*eas Co!p(s. (An&a$in) n+an) ini%e. An) hi!ap t(%o+ is($$a!iEe) Dean"hi%e/ 'ose J'in))o+K Est!a&a i%e& "ith the San&i)an*a+an a $otion p!a+in) that sai& #o(!t !eso%5e his $otion to i- his *ai%. the San&i)an*a+an iss(e& a Reso%(tion &en+in) petitione!1s $otion to ;(ash the a$en&e& In o!$ation. The $otion to i- *ai% i%e& *+ 'ose J'in))o+K Est!a&a "as a%so &enie& *+ the San&i)an*a+an. 'ose J'in))o+K Est!a&a i%e& a petition o! #e!tio!a!i o! the n(%%i i#ation o a !eso%(tion o the San&i)an*a+an &en+in) his $otion to i- *ai%. (I "i%% not in#%(&e the iss(es !e)a!&in) the #ha!)in) o $o!e than one o ense/ et#. an+$o!e. <ai% na %an) ta+o) ISS7E S2 (1) 3hethe! o! not petitione! sho(%& i!st *e a!!ai)ne& *e o!e hea!in)s o his petition o! *ai% $a+ *e #on&(#te&H (2) 3hethe! petitione! $a+ i%e a $otion to ;(ash the a$en&e& In o!$ation &(!in) the pen&en#+ o his petition o! *ai%H (?) 3hethe! a 8oint hea!in) o the petition o! *ai% o petitione! an& those o the othe! a##(se& is $an&ato!+H (@) 3hethe! the Peop%e "ai5e& thei! !i)ht to a&&(#e e5i&en#e in opposition to the petition o! *ai% o petitione! an& ai%e& to a&&(#e st!on) e5i&en#e o )(i%t o petitione! o! the #!i$e #ha!)e& 0EL9:RATI O2 1. NO. The a!!ai)n$ent o an a##(se& is not a p!e!e;(isite to the #on&(#t o hea!in)s on his petition o! *ai%. A pe!son is a%%o"e& to petition o! *ai% as soon as he is &ep!i5e& o his %i*e!t+ *+ 5i!t(e o his a!!est o!

1.

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien
5o%(nta!+ s(!!en&e!. An a##(se& nee& not "ait o! his a!!ai)n$ent *e o!e i%in) a petition o! *ai%. in #ases "he!e it is a(tho!iEe&/ *ai% sho(%& *e )!ante& *e o!e a!!ai)n$ent/ othe!"ise the a##(se& $a+ *e p!e#%(&e& !o$ i%in) a $otion to ;(ash. 0o"e5e!/ the o!e)oin) p!ono(n#e$ent sho(%& not *e ta,en to $ean that the hea!in) on a petition o! *ai% sho(%& at a%% ti$es p!e#e&e a!!ai)n$ent/ *e#a(se the !(%e is that a pe!son &ep!i5e& o his %i*e!t+ *+ 5i!t(e o his a!!est o! 5o%(nta!+ s(!!en&e! $a+ app%+ o! *ai% as soon as he is &ep!i5e& o his %i*e!t+/ e5en *e o!e a #o$p%aint o! in o!$ation is i%e& a)ainst hi$. The Co(!t1s p!ono(n#e$ent in Lavides sho(%& *e (n&e!stoo& in %i)ht o the a#t that the a##(se& in sai& #ase i%e& a petition o! *ai% as "e%% as a $otion to ;(ash the in o!$ations i%e& a)ainst hi$. 0en#e/ "e e-p%aine& the!ein that to #on&ition the )!ant o *ai% to an a##(se& on his a!!ai)n$ent "o(%& *e to p%a#e hi$ in a position "he!e he has to #hoose *et"een (1) i%in) a $otion to ;(ash an& th(s &e%a+ his !e%ease on *ai% *e#a(se (nti% his $otion to ;(ash #an *e !eso%5e&/ his a!!ai)n$ent #annot *e he%&/ an& (2) o!e)oin) the i%in) o a $otion to ;(ash so that he #an *e a!!ai)ne& at on#e an& the!ea te! *e !e%ease& on *ai%. This "o(%& (n&e!$ine his #onstit(tiona% !i)ht not to *e p(t on t!ia% e-#ept (pon a 5a%i& #o$p%aint o! In o!$ation s( i#ient to #ha!)e hi$ "ith a #!i$e an& his !i)ht to *ai%. It is the!e o!e not ne#essa!+ that an a##(se& *e i!st a!!ai)ne& *e o!e the #on&(#t o hea!in)s on his app%i#ation o! *ai%. Fo! "hen *ai% is a $atte! o !i)ht/ an a##(se& $a+ app%+ o! an& *e )!ante& *ai% e5en p!io! to a!!ai)n$ent. The !(%in) in Lavides a%so i$p%ies that an app%i#ation o! *ai% in a #ase in5o%5in) an o ense p(nisha*%e *+ reclusion er etua to &eath $a+ a%so *e hea!& e5en *e o!e an a##(se& is a!!ai)ne&. F(!the!/ i the #o(!t in&s in s(#h #ase that the a##(se& is entit%e& to *ai% *e#a(se the e5i&en#e a)ainst hi$ is not st!on)/ he $a+ *e )!ante& p!o5isiona% %i*e!t+ e5en p!io! to a!!ai)n$entH o! in s(#h a sit(ation/ *ai% "o(%& *e Ja(tho!iEe&K (n&e! the #i!#($stan#es. In ine/ the San&i)an*a+an #o$$itte& a )!a5e a*(se o its &is#!etion a$o(ntin) to e-#ess o 8(!is&i#tion in o!&e!in) the a!!ai)n$ent o petitione! *e o!e p!o#ee&in) "ith the hea!in) o his petition o! *ai%. 2. MES. The Co(!t in&s that no s(#h in#onsisten#+ e-ists *et"een an app%i#ation o an a##(se& o! *ai% an& his i%in) o a $otion to ;(ash. <ai% is the se#(!it+ )i5en o! the !e%ease o a pe!son in the #(sto&+ o the %a"/ (!nishe& *+ hi$ o! a *on&s$an/ to )(a!antee his appea!an#e *e o!e an+ #o(!t as !e;(i!e& (n&e! the #on&itions set o!th (n&e! the R(%es o Co(!t. Its p(!pose is to o*tain the p!o5isiona% %i*e!t+ o a pe!son #ha!)e& "ith an o ense (nti% his #on5i#tion "hi%e at the sa$e ti$e se#(!in) his appea!an#e at the t!ia%. As state& ea!%ie!/ a pe!son $a+ app%+ o! *ai% !o$ the $o$ent that he is &ep!i5e& o his %i*e!t+ *+ 5i!t(e o his a!!est o! 5o%(nta!+ s(!!en&e!. On the othe! han&/ a $otion to ;(ash an In o!$ation is

the $o&e *+ "hi#h an a##(se& assai%s the 5a%i&it+ o a #!i$ina% #o$p%aint o! In o!$ation i%e& a)ainst hi$ o! ins( i#ien#+ on its a#e in point o %a"/ o! o! &e e#ts "hi#h a!e appa!ent in the a#e o the In o!$ation. An a##(se& $a+ i%e a $otion to ;(ash the In o!$ation/ as a )ene!a% !(%e/ *e o!e a!!ai)n$ent. These t"o !e%ie s ha5e o*8e#ti5es "hi#h a!e not ne#essa!i%+ antitheti#a% to ea#h othe!. Ce!tain%+/ the !i)ht o an a##(se& !i)ht to see, p!o5isiona% %i*e!t+ "hen #ha!)e& "ith an o ense not p(nisha*%e *+ &eath/ reclusion er etua o! %i e i$p!ison$ent/ o! "hen #ha!)e& "ith an o ense p(nisha*%e *+ s(#h pena%ties *(t a te! &(e hea!in)/ e5i&en#e o his )(i%t is o(n& not to *e st!on)/ &oes not p!e#%(&e his !i)ht to assai% the 5a%i&it+ o the In o!$ation #ha!)in) hi$ "ith s(#h o ense. It $(st *e #on#e&e&/ ho"e5e!/ that i a $otion to ;(ash a #!i$ina% #o$p%aint o! In o!$ation on the )!o(n& that the sa$e &oes not #ha!)e an+ o ense is )!ante& an& the #ase is &is$isse& an& the a##(se& is o!&e!e& !e%ease&/ the petition o! *ai% o an a##(se& $a+ *e#o$e $oot an& a#a&e$i#. 3. No. The!e is no p!o5ision in the Re5ise& R(%es o C!i$ina% P!o#e&(!e o! the R(%es o P!o#e&(!e o the San&i)an*a+an )o5e!nin) the hea!in)s o t"o o! $o!e petitions o! *ai% i%e& *+ &i e!ent a##(se& o! that a petition o! *ai% o an a##(se& *e hea!& si$(%taneo(s%+ "ith the t!ia% o the #ase a)ainst the othe! a##(se&. The $atte! o "hethe! o! not to #on&(#t a 8oint hea!in) o t"o o! $o!e petitions o! *ai% i%e& *+ t"o &i e!ent a##(se& o! to #on&(#t a hea!in) o sai& petition 8oint%+ "ith the t!ia% a)ainst anothe! a##(se& is a&&!esse& to the so(n& &is#!etion o the t!ia% #o(!t. 7n%ess )!a5e a*(se o &is#!etion a$o(ntin) to e-#ess o! %a#, o 8(!is&i#tion is sho"n/ the Co(!t "i%% not inte! e!e "ith the e-e!#ise *+ the San&i)an*a+an o its &is#!etion. It $a+ *e (n&e!s#o!e& that in the e-e!#ise o its &is#!etion/ the San&i)an*a+an $(st ta,e into a##o(nt not on%+ the #on5enien#e o the State/ in#%(&in) the p!ose#(tion/ *(t a%so that o the a##(se& an& the "itnesses o *oth the p!ose#(tion an& the a##(se& an& the !i)ht o a##(se& to a spee&+ t!ia%. The San&i)an*a+an $(st a%so #onsi&e! the #o$p%e-ities o the #ases an& o the a#t(a% an& %e)a% iss(es in5o%5in) petitione! an& the othe! a##(se&. A te! a%%/ i this Co(!t $a+ e#ho the o*se!5ation o the 7nite& States S(p!e$e Co(!t/ the State has a sta,e/ "ith e5e!+ #itiEen/ in his *ein) a o!&e& o(! histo!i# in&i5i&(a% p!ote#tions/ in#%(&in) those s(!!o(n&in) #!i$ina% p!ose#(tions. A*o(t the$/ this Co(!t &a!es not *e#o$e #a!e%ess o! #o$p%a#ent "hen that ashion has *e#o$e !a$pant o5e! the ea!th. No. Petitione!1s #%ai$ that the p!ose#(tion ha& !e (se& to p!esent e5i&en#e to p!o5e his )(i%t o! p(!poses o his *ai% app%i#ation an& that the San&i)an*a+an has !e (se& to )!ant a hea!in) the!eon is not *o!ne *+ the !e#o!&s. The p!ose#(tion &i& not "ai5e/ e-p!ess%+ o! e5en i$p%ie&%+/ its !i)ht to a&&(#e e5i&en#e in opposition to the petition o! *ai% o petitione!. It

$(st *e note& that the San&i)an*a+an ha& a%!ea&+ s#he&(%e& the hea!in) &ates o! petitione!1s app%i#ation o! *ai% *(t the sa$e "e!e !eset &(e to pen&in) in#i&ents !aise& in se5e!a%

4.

11

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien
$otions i%e& *+ the pa!ties/ "hi#h in#i&ents ha& to *e !eso%5e& *+ the #o(!t p!io! to the *ai% hea!in)s. The *ai% hea!in) "as e5ent(a%%+ s#he&(%e& *+ the San&i)an*a+an on '(%+ 1./ 2..1 *(t the hea!in) &i& not p(sh th!o()h &(e to the i%in) o this petition on '(ne 29/ 2..1. The &e%a+ in the #on&(#t o hea!in)s on petitione!1s app%i#ation o! *ai% is the!e o!e not i$p(ta*%e so%e%+ to the San&i)an*a+an o! to the p!ose#(tion. Petitione! is a%so pa!t%+ to *%a$e the!e o!/ as is e5i&ent !o$ the o%%o"in) %ist o $otions i%e& *+ hi$ an& *+ the p!ose#(tion. J3hen the )!ant o *ai% is &is#!etiona!+/ the p!ose#(tion has the *(!&en o sho"in) that the e5i&en#e o )(i%t a)ainst the a##(se& is st!on). 0o"e5e!/ the &ete!$ination o "hethe! o! not the e5i&en#e o )(i%t is st!on)/ *ein) a $atte! o 8(&i#ia% &is#!etion/ !e$ains "ith the 8(&)e. This &is#!etion *+ the 5e!+ nat(!e o thin)s/ $a+ !i)ht%+ *e e-e!#ise& on%+ a te! the e5i&en#e is s(*$itte& to the #o(!t at the hea!in). Sin#e the &is#!etion is &i!e#te& to the "ei)ht o the e5i&en#e an& sin#e e5i&en#e #annot p!ope!%+ *e "ei)he& i not &(%+ e-hi*ite& o! p!o&(#e& *e o!e the #o(!t/ it is o*5io(s that a p!ope! e-e!#ise o 8(&i#ia% &is#!etion !e;(i!es that the e5i&en#e o )(i%t *e s(*$itte& to the #o(!t/ the petitione! ha5in) the !i)ht o #!ossGe-a$ination an& to int!o&(#e his o"n e5i&en#e in !e*(tta%.K A##o!&in)%+/ petitione! #annot *e !e%ease& !o$ &etention (nti% the San&i)an*a+an #on&(#ts a hea!in) o his app%i#ation o! *ai% an& !eso%5e the sa$e in his a5o!. E5en then/ the!e $(st i!st *e a in&in) that the e5i&en#e a)ainst petitione! is not st!on) *e o!e he $a+ *e )!ante& *ai%.

12

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien PEOPLE V SAN 9IEAO CAPISTRANO/ '.2
In #!i$ina% #ase No. OG8=11/ Co(!t o Fi!st Instan#e o RiEa%/ O(eEon Cit+ <!an#h/ the in o!$ation #ha!)e& the &e en&ants/ Da!io 0enson/ Ra ae% AonEa%es/ An)e% Den&oEa/ Ro)e%io LaEa!o an& <ien5eni&o 3i8an)#o/ as p!in#ipa%s o the $(!&e! o 'es(s Lapi& "ith the ;(a%i +in) #i!#($stan#es o t!ea#he!+/ e5i&ent p!e$e&itation/ an& a*(se o s(pe!io! st!en)th an& "ith the a))!a5atin) #i!#($stan#es o no#t(!nit+/ ai& o a!$e& $en an& #!a t o! !a(&. The p!ose#(tion an& the &e ense a)!ee& that the $otions o! *ai% o the &e en&ants "o(%& *e #onsi&e!e& in the #o(!se o the !e)(%a! t!ia% instea& o in a s($$a!+ p!o#ee&in). In the #o(!se o the !e)(%a! t!ia%/ a te! the p!ose#(tion ha& p!esente& ei)ht "itnesses/ the t!ia% #o(!t !eso%5e& the $otions o! *ai% )!antin) the sa$e &espite the o*8e#tion o the p!ose#(tion on the )!o(n& that it sti%% ha& $ate!ia% "itnesses to p!esent. The o!&e!s )!antin) *ai% in the a$o(nt o P>./... o! ea#h &e en&ant on the )!o(n& that the e5i&en#e o )(i%t "as not st!on) $(st ha5e $a&e Fis#a% Os#a! Ino#entes 5e!+ an)!+ *e#a(se in his $otion o! !e#onsi&e!ation o the o!&e!s )!antin) *ai% he (se& #ont($a#io(s %an)(a)e o! "hi#h he "as o!th"ith #ite& o! #onte$pt. Fo!t(nate%+/ a te! the is#a% ha& s(*$itte& his ans"e! an& e-p%anation/ the t!ia% 8(&)e/ in a o!)i5in) $oo&/ &i& not p(nish hi$ o! #onte$pt on #on&ition that the #ont($a#io(s "o!&s *e &e%ete& !o$ his $otion o! !e#onsi&e!ation. ISS'() *+, the prosecution was depri"ed of procedural due process-(S, .(,/( T.( 0'(STI+,(1 +21(2S 32( ,'44 3,1 5+I1 3e a!e o the #onsi&e!e& opinion that "hethe! the $otion o! *ai% o a &e en&ant "ho is in #(sto&+ o! a #apita% o ense *e !eso%5e& in a s($$a!+ p!o#ee&in) o! in the #o(!se o a !e)(%a! t!ia%/ the p!ose#(tion $(st *e )i5en an oppo!t(nit+ to p!esent/ "ithin a !easona*%e ti$e/ a%% the e5i&en#e that it $a+ &esi!e to int!o&(#e *e o!e the #o(!t sho(%& !eso%5e the $otion o! *ai%. I / as in the #!i$ina% #ase in5o%5e& in the instant spe#ia% #i5i% a#tion/ the p!ose#(tion sho(%& *e &enie& s(#h an oppo!t(nit+/ the!e "o(%& *e a 5io%ation o p!o#e&(!a% &(e p!o#ess/ an& the o!&e! o the #o(!t )!antin) *ai% sho(%& *e #onsi&e!e& 5oi& on that )!o(n&. The #o(!tCs &is#!etion to )!ant *ai% in #apita% o enses $(st *e e-e!#ise& in the %i)ht o a s($$a!+ o the e5i&en#e p!esente& *+ the p!ose#(tionH othe!"ise/ it "o(%& *e (n#ont!o%%e& an& $i)ht *e #ap!i#io(s o! "hi$si#a%. 0en#e/ the #o(!tCs o!&e! )!antin) o! !e (sin) *ai% $(st #ontain a s($$a!+ o the e5i&en#e o! the p!ose#(tion o%%o"e& *+ its #on#%(sion "hethe! o! not the e5i&en#e o )(i%t is st!on).

The o!&e!s o O#to*e! =/ 9 an& 12/ 1968/ )!antin) *ai% to the i5e &e en&ants a!e &e e#ti5e in o!$ an& s(*stan#e *e#a(se the+ &o not #ontain a s($$a!+ o the e5i&en#e p!esente& *+ the

p!ose#(tion. The+ on%+ #ontain the #o(!tCs #on#%(sion that the e5i&en#e o )(i%t is not st!on). <ein) th(s &e e#ti5e in o!$ an& s(*stan#e/ the o!&e!s #o$p%aine& o #annot/ a%so on this )!o(n&/ *e a%%o"e& to stan&.

1?

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien OCADPO V <ERNA<E DORAN/ C.'.2
This is a petition o! certiorari i%e& *+ E&(a!&o O#a$po to set asi&e an o!&e! iss(e& *+ the Fo(!th 9i5ision o the Peop%eCs #o(!t &en+in) his app%i#ation o! *ai%.#han!o*%es5i!t(a%%a"%i*!a!+ #han!o*%es 5i!t(a% %a" %i*!a!+ The petitione! "as a!!este& *+ the Co(nte! Inte%%i)en#e Cop!s o the A!$e& Fo!#es o the 7nite& States an& #on ine& in D(ntin)%(pa P!isons sin#e '(%+ ?./ 19@>/ an& p(!s(ant to E-e#(ti5e O!&e! No. 6>>> he "as t(!ne& o5e! to the Co$$on"ea%th o the Phi%ippines an& %ate! on i%e& "ith the Peop%es Co(!t his app%i#ation o! *ai% (n&e! A#t No. 682. At the hea!in) o the app%i#ation/ the spe#ia% p!ose#(to! state& that petitione! "ith ha5in) pointe& o(t P%a#i&o T!ini&a& as a )(e!i%%a to the 'apanese an& o! that !eason P%a#i&o T!ini&a& "as shot to &eath. No e5i&en#e/ ho"e5e!/ "as p!esente& *+ the spe#ia% p!ose#(to! an& a%% that he &i& at the hea!in) "as to !e#ite the #ontents o an a i&a5it "hi#h has no !e e!!en#e to #o(nt No. @/ an& to state (!the! that he ha& 2= $o!e a i&a5its. Petitione! $a&e an o*8e#tion statin) that a $e!e !e#ita% is not a e5i&en#e an& that e5i&en#e #annot *e #onsi&e!e& st!on) "hi#h has not *een s(*8e#te& to the test o #!ossGe-a$ination. 0e testi ie& in his o"n *eha% in &en+in) a%% the #ha!)es p!e e!!e& a)ainst hi$ an& state& that sai& #ha!)es a!e $e!e int!i)(es o his po%iti#a% ene$+ Da!#e%o T!ini&a&. 7n&e! a%% these #i!#($stan#es/ the Fo(!th &i5ision o the Peop%eCs Co(!t #o$pose& o '(&)es 'ose <e!na*e/ E$i%io Ri%%o!aEa an& An)e% Aa$*oa/ iss(e& an o!&e! &ate& Fe*!(a!+ 2?/ 19@6/ &en+in) the app%i#ation o! *ai%. 0en#e/ this petition o! #e!tio!a!i. ISS'() *+, no proof was presented by the special prosecutor to show that the e"idence of guilt is strong, thus, the 6eople7s /ourt committed a gra"e abuse of discretion in denying the application for bail -(S . 3e ha5e he%& in Herras Teehankee vs. #irector o! $risons (=6 Phi%./ =>6)/ that a%% pe!sons sha%% *e o!e #on5i#tion *e *ai%a*%e e-#ept "hen #ha!)e is a #apita% o ense an& the e5i&en#e o )(i%t is st!on). the )ene!a% !(%e/ the!e o!e/ is that a%% pe!sons/ "hethe! #ha!)e& o! not +et #ha!)es/ a!e/ *e o!e thei! #on5i#tion/ entit%e& to p!o5isiona% !e%ease on *ai%/ the on%+ e-#eption *ein) "he!e the #ha!)e is a #apita% o ense an& the e5i&en#e o )(i%t is o(n& to *e st!on). At the hea!in) o the app%i#ation o! *ai%/ the *(!&en o sho"in) that the #ase a%%s "ithin the e-#eption is on the p!ose#(tion/ a##o!&in) to R(%e 11./ se#tion =. The &ete!$ination o "hethe! o! not the e5i&en#e o )(i%t is st!on) is/ as state& in 0e!!as Teehan,ee #ase/ a $atte! o 8(&i#ia% &is#!etion. This &is#!etion/ *+ the 5e!+ nat(!e o thin)s/ $a+ !i)ht%+ *e e-e!#ise on%+ a te! the e5i&en#e is s(*$itte& to the #o(!t at the hea!in). Sin#e

the &is#!etion is &i!e#te& to the "ei)ht o e5i&en#e #annot p!ope!%+ *e "ei)he& i not &(%+ e-hi*ite& o! p!o&(#e& *e o!e the #o(!t (Ra$os vs. Ra$os/ @> Phi%./ ?62)/ it is o*5io(s that a p!ope! e-e!#ise o 8(&i#ia% &is#!etion !e;(i!es that the e5i&en#e o )(i%t *e s(*$itte& to the #o(!t/ the petitione! ha5in) the !i)ht o #!ossGe-a$ination an& to int!o&(#e his o"n e5i&en#e in !e*(tta%. De!e a i&a5its o! !e#ita% o thei! #ontents a!e not s( i#ient sin#e the+ a!e $e!e hea!sa+ e5i&en#e/ (n%ess the petitione! ai%s to o*8e#t the!eto. An& this is the p!e5ai%in) &o#t!ine in the 7nite& States. In so$e states o the A$e!i#an (nion/ the *(!&en o sho"in) that p!oo is e5i&ent o! the p!es($ption )!eat/ %ies on the p!ose#(tion "hi%e in othe!s on the petitione!/ *(t the !(%e see$s to *e (ni o!$ to the e e#t that no $atte! "hi#h si&e *ea!s the *(!&en o p!oo / the e5i&en#e o )(i%t sho(%& *e a&&(#e& *e o!e the #o(!t o! a p!ope! &ete!$ination o its p!o*ati5e o!#e In #o!p(s '(!is Se#(n&($ the !(%e is s($$a!iEe& as o%%o"s2 o 7n%ess the p!es($ption !o$ an in&i#t$ent o! a #apita% o ense is #on#%(si5e a)ainst a##(se& "hi#h has *een #onsi&e!e& in se#tion ?@ *(2) (*)the &ete!$ination as to "hethe! the p!oo is e5i&ent o! the p!es($ption )!eat $(st/on an o!i)ina% app%i#ation/ *e &ete!$ine& !o$ the e5i&en#e a&&(#e& on the app%i#ation no $atte! "hi#h si&e *ea!s the *(!&en o p!oo . 3he!e a##(se& (n&e! a #apita% in&i#t$ent *ea!s the *(!&en o p!oo he sho(%& o e! the "itnesses "hose na$es a!e en&o!se& on the in&i#t$ent/ a%tho()h he is not %i$ite& to s(#h "itnesses. o The #o(!t sho(%& hea! a%% $ate!ia% an& !e%e5ant e5i&en#e o e!e& *+ eithe! pa!t+/ s(#h as the )!an& 8(!+ $in(tes/ an& sho(%& #onsi&e! the e5i&en#e as a "ho%e. (8 C.'.S./ se#tion @6 Q*I/ p. 9@.). 7pon the hea!in) it is p!ope! to !e;(i!e the p!isone! to *e)in the e5i&en#e/ a%tho()h it i$poses (pon hi$ the ne#essit+ o p!o&(#in) e5i&en#e (pon "hi#h the state inten&e& to !e%+ o! his #on5i#tion on the ina% t!ia%. <(t the a##(se& "i%% not *+ this p!o#e&(!e *e &enie& the oppo!t(nit+ o #!ossGe-a$inin) the peop%eCs "itnesses. (%& arte 0e !en/ 2= In&./ 8=. To the sa$e e e#t/ Ri)&on 5s. State/ @1 F%a./ ?.8H 26 So./ =11H e& arte NathanQF%a.IH >. so./ ?8.6 (?9 L. R. A./ Ne" Se!ies/ pp. =>2/ ==@/ ==>.). The e5i&en#e o! the state/ as "e%% as that o! the a##(se&/ sho(%& *e p!esente& (1) *+ the petitione! in an app%i#ation o! *ai%. '%& arte T(%%+ QF%a.I/ 66 S./ 296H Ri)&on 5s. State/ @1 F%a./ ?.8H 26 S./ =11H %& arte 0e !en/ 2= In&./ 8=. (2) <(t the petitione!/ *+ p!ope! p!o#e&(!e/ $a+ test the p!o*ati5e o!#e o the testi$on+ o! the state in o!&e! to (%%+ p!esent his #ase o! the p(!poses o the hea!in). %& arte T(%%+/ su raH %& arte 0e !en/ su ra. (6 C.'./ p. 98@/ n. >. QaI/ se#tion 21@.).#han!o*%es5i!t(a%%a"%i*!a!+ #han!o*%es 5i!t(a% %a" %i*!a!+

1@

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien
3he!e on a $otion to a&$it to *ai% a te! the in&i#t$ent/ the e5i&en#e o the "itnesses "ho testi ie& *e o!e the )!an& 8(!+ &oes not $a,e a rima !acie #ase a)ainst the a##(se&/ he is entit%e& to *ai%/ an& it is an e!!o! to !e (se *ai% (pon the state$ent o the &ist!i#t atto!ne+ that he has othe! e5i&en#e "hi#h he "i%% not &is#%ose o! ea! o "ea,enin) the stateCs #ase. (In e& arte Re+na%&/ ?= Te-as/ 1.) An& this is in #on o!$it+ "ith the o!$e! !(%in)s o this Co(!t. (DARCOS V. CR7R AN9 0ERRAS CASE) T!(e that in the sa$e #ase o Herras Teehankee vs. #irector o! $risons/ su ra/ "e sai& that the hea!in) o an app%i#ation o! *ai% sho(%& *e s($$a!+ o! othe!"ise in the &is#!etion o the #o(!t. <+ 6s($$a!+ hea!in)6 "e $eant s(#h *!ie an& spee&+ $etho& o !e#ei5in) an& #onsi&e!in) the e5i&en#e o )(i%t as is p!a#ti#a*%e an& #onsistent "ith the p(!pose o the hea!in) "hi#h is $e!e%+ to &ete!$ine the "ei)ht o the e5i&en#e o! p(!poses o *ai%. On s(#h hea!in)/ the #o(!t 6&oes not sit to t!+ the $e!its o! to ente! into an+ ni#e in;(i!+ as to the "ei)ht that o()ht to *e a%%o"e& to the e5i&en#e o! o! a)ainst a##(se&/ no! "i%% it spe#(%ate on the o(t#o$e o the t!ia% o! on "hat (!the! e5i&en#e $a+ *e the!ein o e!e& an& a&$itte&.6 (8 C. '. S./ 9?/9@.) The #o(!se o the in;(i!+ $a+ *e %e t to the &is#!etion o the #o(!t "hi#h $a+ #on ine itse% to !e#ei5in) s(#h e5i&en#e as has !e e!en#e to s(*stantia% $atte!s a5oi&in) (nne#essa!+ tho!o()hness in the e-a$ination an& #!ossGe-a$ination o "itnesses an& !e&(#in) to a !easona*%e $ini$($ the a$o(nt o #o!!o*o!ation pa!ti#(%a!%+ on &etai%s that a!e not essentia% to the p(!pose o the hea!in). O*8e#tion has *een $a&e %on) a)o to this $etho& o hea!in) "he!ein the !e)(%a! t!ia% is anti#ipate& tho()h to a %i$ite& e-tent at %east. *(t the o*8e#tion "as &is$isse&. It appea!in) in the instant #ase that on the hea!in) o the app%i#ation o! *ai% i%e& *+ the petitione! no p!oo "as o e!e& *+ the p!ose#(tion to sho" that the e5i&en#e o )(i%t is st!on)/ the Fo(!th 9i5ision o the Peop%eCs Co(!t #o$$itte& a )!a5e a*(se o &is#!etion in &en+in) the *ai% app%ie& o!.

1>

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien SIARON V '79AE DA4ALINTAL/ '.2
At the o(tset it sho(%& *e $entione& that the instant petition is o!$a%%+ &e e#ti5e in that the petitione! appea!s to *e the State P!ose#(to! han&%in) the #ase *e%o" instea& o the Peop%e o the Phi%ippines/ "ho sho(%& p!ope!%+ *e !ep!esente& in this p!o#ee&in) *+ the So%i#ito! Aene!a%. (<7T FOR SPEE9M 9ISPOSITION OF T0E CASE/ T0IS INFIRDITM IS OVERLOO4E9. SC PROCEE9S). At the o(tset/ %et it *e state& that a te! the a!!ai)n$ent o the a##(se& an& *e o!e the #o$$en#e$ent o the t!ia%/ the app%i#ations o! *ai%/ "e!e hea!& The Co(!t !(%e& an& o!&e!e& a 8oint hea!in) o the #ases on the $e!its an& o the app%i#ations o! *ai%. On this sa$e o##asion the Co(!t a%so #onsi&e!e& the $otion i%e& *+ the p!ose#(tion to &is#ha!)e the &e en&ant An)e%i#o Na8a!. 3itho(t an+ o*8e#tion on the pa!t o the &e ense/ sai& $otion to &is#ha!)e "as )!ante& an& a##(se& Na8a! "as &is#ha!)e& to *e#o$e state "itness p(!s(ant to Se#. 11/ R(%e 119 o the R(%es o Co(!t. As the t!ia% p!o)!esse&/ "ith the p!ose#(tion p!esentin) se5e!a% "itnesses "hose testi$onies ha5e not esta*%ishe& e5i&en#e &i!e#t%+ %in,in) the a##(se& Es#!i*ano an& Pa&i%%a to the #onspi!a#+ a%%e)e& in the in o!$ations in these #ases/ the &e ense on A()(st 2/ 19=1 i%e& an (!)ent $otion o! the !e#onsi&e!ation o the o!&e! )i5en in open Co(!t o!&e!in) a 8oint hea!in) o the #ases on the $e!its an& o the app%i#ations o! *ai%/ to "hi#h the p!ose#(tion a%so i%e& its opposition. The Co(!t !e#onsi&e!e& its p!e5io(s o!&e! an& o!&e!e& that the app%i#ations o! *ai% *e i!st hea!& to "hi#h the p!ose#(tion )a5e its assent. #ite& at the ootnote he!eo it "as state& that the hea!in) sho(%& *e s($$a!+ o! othe!"ise in the &is#!etion o the #o(!t. 6<+ Cs($$a!+ hea!in)/C this Co(!t a&&e&/ 6"e $ean s(#h *!ie an& spee&+ $etho& o !e#ei5in) an& #onsi&e!in) the e5i&en#e o )(i%t as is p!a#ti#a*%e an& #onsistent "ith the p(!pose o the hea!in) "hi#h is $e!e%+ to &ete!$ine the "ei)ht o the e5i&en#e o! p(!poses o *ai%. On s(#h hea!in)/ the #o(!t &oes not sit to t!+ the $e!its o! to ente! into an+ ni#e in;(i!+ as to the "ei)ht that o()ht to *e a%%o"e& to the e5i&en#e o! o! a)ainst a##(se&/ no! "i%% it spe#(%ate on the

ISS'() whether or not a proceeding in an application for bail is still summary in nature as it was under the old rule - -(S As a )ene!a% p!oposition/ a%% pe!sons sha%% *e o!e #on5i#tion *e *ai%a*%e e-#ept "hen the #ha!)e is a #apita% o ense an& the e5i&en#e o )(i%t is st!on). At the hea!in) o the app%i#ation o! *ai% the *(!&en o sho"in) that the #ase a%%s "ithin the e-#eption is on the p!ose#(tion/ a##o!&in) to Se#tion =/ R(%e 11@ o the R(%es o Co(!t. T he &ete!$ination o "hethe! o! not the e5i&en#e o )(i%t is st!on) is a $atte! o 8(&i#ia% &is#!etion/ "hi#h in the 5e!+ nat(!e o thin)s $a+ !i)ht%+ *e e-e!#ise& on%+ a te! the e5i&en#e is s(*$itte& to the #o(!t at the hea!in). Neithe! (n&e! the o%& no! (n&e! the ne" R(%es is the!e an+ spe#i i# p!o5ision &e inin) "hat ,in& o hea!in) it sho(%& *e/ *(t in the t"o #ases

o(t#o$e o the t!ia% o! on "hat (!the! e5i&en#e $a+ *e the!ein o e!e& an& a&$itte&.C (8 C.'.S. 9?/ 9@.) T The #o(!se o the in;(i!+ $a+ *e %e t to the &is#!etion o the #o(!t "hi#h $a+ #on ine itse% to !e#ei5in) s(#h e5i&en#e as has !e e!en#e to s(*stantia% $atte!s/ a5oi&in) (nne#essa!+ tho!o()hness in the e-a$ination an& #!ossG e-a$ination o "itnesses an& !e&(#in) to a !easona*%e $ini$($ at the a$o(nt o #o!!o*o!ation pa!ti#(%a!%+ on &etai%s that a!e not essentia% to the p(!poses o the hea!in).6 3e &o not see that the a&&ition o the p!o5ision Se#. =/ R(%e 11@ has $ate!ia%%+ #han)e& the nat(!e o the hea!in) on a petition o! *ai% to the e-tent o &ep!i5in) the Co(!t o its &is#!etion to #on ine the e5i&en#e to the e-tent ne#essa!+ o! the p!ope! &ete!$ination o the ;(estion o "hethe! o! not the e5i&en#e o )(i%t is st!on). The on%+ #han)e that has *een int!o&(#e& is that s(#h e5i&en#e sha%% *e #onsi&e!e& a(to$ati#a%%+ !ep!o&(#e& at the t!ia% in o!&e! to a5oi& (nne#essa!+ !epetition. The p!ose#(tion ha& ha& th!ee $onths sin#e the hea!in) sta!te& (nti% the ;(estione& o!&e! "as iss(e& an& ha& #a%%e& 2= "itnesses 8(st to %a+ a s( i#ient #o!!o*o!ati5e *asis o! the testi$on+ o its p!in#ipa% "itness/ An)e%i#o Na8a!. The p%ea that this "itness "i%% !e5ea% the na$es o pe!sons "ho ha5e so$e ,no"%e&)e o #i!#($stan#es "hi#h ten& to #onne#t the t"o a##(se& "ith the#!i$es an& "ho p!es($a*%+ "i%% a%so *e #a%%e& to testi +/ an& "hose "i%%in)ness to &o so $a+ the!e*+ *e a&5e!se%+ in %(en#e& *+ s(#h !e5e%ation/ &oes not appea! to *e #on5in#in)/ sin#e the !e#o!& o the #ases a%!ea&+ #ontains the testi$on+ "hi#h Na8a! )a5e at the p!e%i$ina!+ in5esti)ation/ asi&e !o$ his th!ee s"o!n state$ents #onsistin) o 16 pa)es t+pe& sin)%eG spa#e in ;(estion an& ans"e! o!$. (TANAAAPIN NA 4ASI NILA NA INS7FFICIENT NAA 9A3) The p!o5iso that an+ "itness $a+ *e !e#a%%e& at the t!ia% o! a&&itiona% e-a$ination (n&e!s#o!es/ i an+thin)/ the &i e!en#e *et"een the hea!in) o! p(!poses o the petition o! *ai% an& the t!ia% on the $e!its. This is as it sho(%& *e/ *e#a(se one has o! its p(!pose/ !o$ the en&point o the p!ose#(tion/ to sho" that st!on) e5i&en#e o )(i%t e-ists "hi%e the #onte$p%ates p!oo *e+on& !easona*%e &o(*t. The !i)ht o the p!ose#(tion to #ont!o% the ;(ant($ o e5i&en#e an& the o!&e! o p!esentation o the "itness "hi%e not to *e &is!e)a!&e&/ $(st ne5e!the%ess *e e;(ate& "ith the p(!pose o the hea!in)/ "hi#h is to &ete!$ine "hethe! the a##(se& a%%s "ithin the e-#eption to the )ene!a% !(%e that he is #onstit(tiona%%+ entit%e& to *ai% *e o!e #on5i#tion. To a%%o" the p!ose#(tion to #on&(#t the hea!in) as i it "e!e a (%%G&!ess t!ia% on the $e!its "ho &e eat the p(!pose o the p!o#ee&in). >0*PO*0$0?2@ the petition is &is$isse& an& the te$po!a!+ !est!ainin) o!&e! iss(e& *+ this Co(!t is %i te&/ "ith inst!(#tions to the !espon&ent Co(!t to !es($e the hea!in) o!th"ith o! the p!esentation o An)e%i#o Na8a! as "itness o! the p!ose#(tion/ "itho(t p!e8(&i#e to sai& Co(!tCs a%%o"in)/ in the e-e!#ise o its

&is#!etion/ the p!esentation o s(#h othe! p!ose#(tion as it $a+ &ee$ a&5isa*%e/ in the inte!est o 8(sti#e.

16

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien DADOLO V NARISIDA <ELLOSILLO/ '.2
On 16 Da+ 199@ a #!i$ina% #o$p%aint o! $(!&e! "as i%e& a)ainst Antonio <a%a)ot an& A!ie% A#ha o! the $(!&e! o 9anie% Da$o%o/'!./ son o #o$p%ainant A te! '(&)e Ro)e%io R. Na!is$a #on&(#te& the !e;(isite p!e%i$ina!+ e-a$ination he iss(e& the #o!!espon&in) "a!!ants o a!!est a)ainst the a##(se&. Respon&ent '(&)e !e#o$$en&e& no *ai% sin#e $(!&e! is a #apita% o ense an& the e5i&en#e o )(i%t "as st!on). A#ha "as %ate! a!!este& "hi%e <a%a)ot s(!!en&e!e& to the PC P!o5in#ia% Co$$an& in Cota*ato. S(*se;(ent%+/ <a%a)ot th!o()h #o(nse% i%e& a $etition (or Admission to "ail an& set the sa$e o! hea!in). At the s#he&(%e& hea!in) &e ense #o(nse% in o!$e& the #o(!t that <a%a)ot "as i%% an& as,e& the #o(!t to &ispense "ith the s(*$ission o his petition an&/ instea&/ to a%%o" <a%a)ot to *e t!eate& at the hospita% (SPECIAL TREATDENTSSS). DADOLO2#%ai$s that &espite the a#t that !espon&ent '(&)e !e#o$$en&e& no *ai% o! *oth a##(se& he ne5e!the%ess a%%o"e& <a%a)ot to p(t a *ai% o P1>./...... "itho(t )i5in) the p!ose#(tion the oppo!t(nit+ to p!esent its e5i&en#e to p!o5e that the e5i&en#e o )(i%t a)ainst the a##(se& "as st!on). DADOLO2 a%so a5e!s that on se5e!a% o##asions he sa" !espon&ent '(&)e an& #o(nse% o! a##(se& <a%a)ot to)ethe! an& en)a)e& in a se!ies o p!i5ate ta%,s at a nea!*+ !esta(!ant. In his Memorandum o 21 '(%+ 199>/ app!o5e& *+ Co(!t A&$inist!ato! E!nani C!(E PaFo/ 9ep(t+ Co(!t A&$inist!ato! Re+na%&o L. S(a!eE o(n& that !espon&ent '(&)e &is!e)a!&e& p!o#e&(!a% &(e p!o#ess in )!antin) *ai% to the a##(se&. 0e opine& that the p!ose#(tion1s "ai5e! to p!esent e5i&en#e o()ht to ha5e p!o$pte& !espon&ent '(&)e Jto as, the p!ose#(tion to p!esent its "itnesses at anothe! &ate set o! the p(!pose (o as,in)) #%a!i i#ato!+ ;(estions !o$ "hi#h he $a+ in e! the st!en)th o the e5i&en#e o )(i%t o the a##(se&.K. ISS'() *+, 8'19( ,32ISI:3 3/T(1 I,3662+62I3T(4I, 2(/+::(,1I,9 T.( 3I4 ;+2 3439+T<--(S The p!o#e&(!e o #on&(#tin) a hea!in) on the app%i#ation o! a&$ission to *ai% sho(%& p!o5i&e the *asis o! 8(&)es to &ete!$ine "hethe! the p!ose#(tion1s e5i&en#e is "ea, o! st!on). In the #ase at *en#h/ "hi%e !espon&ent #on&(#te& a hea!in) on <a%a)ot1s petition o! *ai% s(#h p!o#ee&in) &i& not e%i#it e5i&en#e !o$ the p!ose#(tion to )(i&e !espon&ent in the p!ope! &ete!$ination o the petition. The &e e!entia% attit(&e o the p!ose#(tion #annot e-#(se !espon&ent1s &is!e)a!& o his pe!e$pto!+ &(t+. It is "o!th+ to note that in the !es($ption o the hea!in) in the a te!noon o 2> Da+ 199@ the p!ose#(tion p!e a#e& its s(*$ission "ith a state$ent o its Jse!io(s 5ehe$ent o*8e#tion to the petition o! *ai%.K S(#h $ani estation o()ht to ha5e a%e!te& !espon&ent o the ne-t app!op!iate steps in !eso%5in) the petition. In "orinaga v. Tamin "e &e%ineate& a #%ea! )(i&e%ine on the e-e!#ise o 8(&i#ia% &is#!etion in hea!in) petitions

o! *ai% GJ- - - (")hi%e the &ete!$ination o "hethe! o! not e5i&en#e o )(i%t is st!on) is a $atte! o 8(&i#ia% &is#!etion/ this &is#!etion *+ the nat(!e o thin)s $a+ !i)ht%+ *e e-e!#ise& on%+ a te! the e5i&en#e is s(*$itte& to the #o(!t at s(#h hea!in). 3hethe! the $otion o! *ai% o an a##(se& "ho is in #(sto&+ in a s($$a!+ p!o#ee&in) o! in the #o(!se o a !e)(%a! t!ia% the p!ose#(tion $(st *e )i5en an oppo!t(nit+ to p!esent/ "ithin a !easona*%e ti$e/ a%% the e5i&en#e that it $a+ &esi!e to int!o&(#e *e o!e the #o(!t $a+ !eso%5e the $otion o! *ai%. I the p!ose#(tion sho(%& *e &enie& o s(#h an oppo!t(nit+/ the!e "o(%& *e a 5io%ation o p!o#e&(!a% &(e p!o#ess/ an& the o!&e! o the #o(!t )!antin) *ai% sho(%& *e #onsi&e!e& 5oi& on that )!o(n& - - - (E)5en "he!e the p!ose#(to! !e (ses to a&&(#e e5i&en#e in opposition to the app%i#ation to )!ant an& i*ai%/ the #o(!t $a+ as, the p!ose#(tion s(#h ;(estions as "o(%& as#e!tain the st!en)th o the state1s e5i&en#e o! 8(&)e the a&e;(a#+ o the a$o(nt o *ai% - - J The ai%(!e o !espon&ent '(&)e to a&he!e to a *asi#/ (n&a$enta% p!o#e&(!e #annot *e %i)ht%+ o5e!%oo,e&. As #o!!e#t%+ pe!#ei5e& *+ OCA/ this o$ission *+ !espon&ent #onstit(tes )!oss i)no!an#e o the %a" sin#e it !es(%te& in &ep!i5in) the p!ose#(tion the ti$eGteste& an& en&(!in) p!o#e&(!a% &(e p!o#ess. It is an o tG!epeate& &i#t($ that a 8(&)e sho(%& e-hi*it $o!e than 8(st a #(!so!+ a#;(aintan#e "ith the stat(tes an& p!o#e&(!a% !(%es. Fo! the !o%e o 8(&)es in the a&$inist!ation o 8(sti#e !e;(i!es a #ontin(o(s st(&+ o the %a" an& 8(!isp!(&en#e. In&(*ita*%+/ the in&(st!+ o a 8(&)e in ,eepin) a*!east "ith the %a" an& #o(!t !(%in)s "i%% enhan#e the aith o o(! peop%e in the a&$inist!ation o 8(sti#e sin#e %iti)ants "i%% *e #on i&ent%+ an& in5a!ia*%+ ass(!e& that the o##(pants o the *en#h #annot 8(st%+ *e a##(se& o a &e i#ien#+ in thei! )!asp o %e)a% p!in#ip%es.

1=

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien PEOPLE V. T7PPAL O7IS7D<INA/ '.2
On appea% is the 8oint &e#ision o the Re)iona% T!ia% Co(!t (RTC) o I%a)an/ Isa*e%a/ in&in) appe%%ant Sat(!nino T(ppa% )(i%t+ o !o**e!+ "ith ho$i#i&e an& senten#in) hi$ to reclusion er etua. Appe%%ant1s #on5i#tion ste$$e& !o$ o(! #ha!)es i%e& on A()(st 21/ 1992/ *+ the P!o5in#ia% P!ose#(to! o Isa*e%a Appe%%ant !e$aine& at %a!)e o! a%$ost nine (9) +ea!s a te! the i%in) o the a o!esai& #ases. It "as on%+ on Da!#h >/ 1998 that appe%%ant "as a!!este& in Cainta/ RiEa% an& in #onne#tion "ith anothe! #ase o! !o**e!+. Appe%%ant "as a!!ai)ne&. Assiste& *+ #o(nse%/ he p%ea&e& not )(i%t+ to the #ha!)es. The #ases "e!e then #onso%i&ate& an& t!ia% ens(e&. The p!ose#(tion1s e5i&en#e esta*%ishe& that2 On the e5enin) o 9e#e$*e! 22/ 1989/ the spo(ses <oni a#io an& F%o! ina So%ito an& thei! o(!G+ea!Go%& #hi%&/ E !en/ atten&e& the "e&&in) o F%o! ina1s +o(n)e! siste!/ Loi&a At(an/ at <a!an)a+ <an)(!o/ Reina De!#e&es/ Isa*e%a. At a*o(t 112?. P.D./ the So%itos a##o$panie& *+ <a!to%o At(an/ '!./ F%o! ina1s 26G+ea!G o%& *!othe!/ %e t the "e&&in) !e#eption. The+ ha& *a!e%+ t!a5e%e& so$e ?.. $ete!s a"a+ an& "e!e in !ont o the ho(se o Fe%i- Sa#an)/ "hen the+ "e!e "a+%ai& *+ appe%%ant an& his o(! #o$panions/ no" the #oGa##(se&.A te! <en T(ppa% anno(n#e& a heist/ 9ani%o T(ppa% i$$e&iate%+ !an o "ith F%o! ina1s han&*a) #ontainin) P2/>..... in #ash. Appe%%ant then shot F%o! ina "ith a sho!t i!ea!$/ hittin) he! in the a*&o$en. <a!to%o At(an/ '!./ t!ie& to shie%& F%o! ina !o$ (!the! ha!$ *(t Da!#e%o T(ppa% then shot <a!to%o/ ,i%%in) hi$ on the spot. F%o! ina too, a&5anta)e o the sit(ation an& s#(!!ie& to"a!&s a nea!*+ *anana p%antation. The $a%e a#to!s )a5e p(!s(it an& #ontin(e& to i!e at he! hittin) he! (!the! at the *(tto#,s an& in the a!$. She p!eten&e& to *e &ea& an& e%% to the )!o(n&. The p%o+ "o!,e& *e#a(se she hea!& a##(se& Pe&!o T(ppa% sa+/ JLet (s )o/ she is a%!ea&+ &ea&.K In the $eanti$e/ (pon hea!in) the )(nshots/ <oni a#io So%ito an& his son E !en s#a$pe!e& to"a!&s the ho(se o Fe%i- Sa#an). CoG a##(se& <en T(ppa% !an a te! *oth athe! an& son. 0e ai$e& the )(n at the$/ *(t the )(n 8a$$e& an& &i& not i!e. In the p!esent #ases/ appe%%ant !aise& the &e ense o &enia% an& a%i*i. /2I:62+ ISS'() *+, the fact that the trial court had held during the bail hearing that the prosecution e"idence was weak, it is estopped from rendering a contrary ruling after the trial.- ,+ Sai& in&in)s sho(%& not *e #onst!(e& as an i$$(ta*%e e5a%(ation o the p!ose#(tion1s e5i&en#e. It is sett%e& that the assess$ent o the p!ose#(tion e5i&en#e p!esente& &(!in) *ai% hea!in)s in #apita% o enses is p!e%i$ina!+ an& inten&e& on%+ o! the p(!pose o )!antin) o! &en+in) app%i#ations o! the p!o5isiona% !e%ease o the a##(se&.

O$72# 0**;2* *+, the e"idence now on record is sufficient to hold appellant Saturnino Tuppal guilty beyond reasonable doubt of the crime of robbery with homicide- -(S The #o(!t a )uo o(n& the p!ose#(tion1s e5i&en#e #!e&i*%e. It &is*e%ie5e& appe%%ant1s *a!e &enia%s. E+e"itness F%o! ina So%ito1s testi$on+ on the ho%&G(p in#i&ent "as !ep%ete "ith $ate!ia% &etai%s. She testi ie& that a te! *ein) shot in the a*&o$en/ she )!app%e& "ith appe%%ant o! possession o the )(n. Dean"hi%e/ #oG a##(se& 9ani%o T(ppa% &ashe& o "ith he! *a) an& its #ontents/ a##o!&in) to he!. She a%so &es#!i*e& the i!ea!$ (se& in shootin) he! an& ,i%%in) he! *!othe!. These &etai%s #o(%& not ha5e sp!(n) !o$ he! i$a)ination/ *(t on%+ !o$ he! 5i5i& !e#o%%e#tion o the ata% in#i&ent i$p%i#atin) the appe%%ant an& his *!othe!s as the $a%e a#to!s. Appe%%ant1s &e ense o a%i*i is (ntena*%e.

*+, the conspiracy among the accused was established- -(S A te! a##(se& <en T(ppa% anno(n#e& the ho%&G (p/ #oG a##(se& 9ani%o T(ppa% too, F%o! ina1s han&*a) #ontainin) P2/>...... Appe%%ant Sat(!nino T(ppa% then shot F%o! ina "ith a han&)(n/ hittin) he! on the %e t si&e o he! a*&o$en. Thei! #on#e!te& a#tion sho"s thei! (nit+ o p(!pose N to !o* the 5i#ti$/ at a%% #ost. These #on#e!te& a#ts o appe%%ant an& his #oG a##(se& $ani est%+ &is#%ose #on#(!!en#e o "i%%s/ (nit+ o a#tion/ 8oint p(!pose an& #o$$on &esi)n. 0en#e/ a%tho()h appe%%ant &i& not hi$se% shoot <a!to%o At(an/ '!./ he is sti%% %ia*%e o! <a!to%o1s &eath as p!in#ipa% *e#a(se the e-isten#e o #onspi!a#+ $a,es the a#t o one the a#t o a%%. The #ha!)es a)ainst appe%%ant an& his #oG a##(se&/ #onstit(te on%+ one spe#ia% in&i5isi*%e o! #o$posite #!i$e as &e ine& in A!ti#%e 29@ (1) o the Re5ise& Pena% Co&e. the p!ose#(tion a$p%+ esta*%ishe& the o%%o"in) e%e$ents o !o**e!+ "ith ho$i#i&e2 (a) the ta,in) o pe!sona% p!ope!t+ is pe!pet!ate& *+ $eans o 5io%en#e o! inti$i&ation a)ainst a pe!son/ (*) the p!ope!t+ ta,en *e%on)s to anothe!/ (#) the ta,in) is #ha!a#te!iEe& *+ intent to )ain o! animus lucrandi/ an& (&) on the o##asion o the !o**e!+ o! *+ !eason the!eo / the #!i$e o ho$i#i&e/ in its )ene!i# sense/ is #o$$itte&.

18

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien 9E LA CADARA V ENAAE FERNAN9O/ '.2
An o!&e! o !espon&ent '(&)e Dan(e% LopeE Ena)e/ i-in) the *ai% o petitione!/ Ri#a!&o &e %a Ca$a!a/ in the s($ o P1/19>/2..... is assai%e& in this petition o! certiorari as !ep()nant to the #onstit(tiona% $an&ate p!ohi*itin) e-#essi5e *ai%. The $e!it o the petition on its a#e is th(s appa!ent. Nonethe%ess/ !e%ie so()ht settin) asi&e the a*o5e o!&e! *+ !e&(#in) the a$o(nt o *ai% to P@./...... #annot *e )!ante&/ as in the $ean"hi%e/ petitione! ha& es#ape& !o$ the p!o5in#ia% 8ai%/ th(s !en&e!in) this #ase $oot an& a#a&e$i#. It is &ee$e& a&5isa*%e/ ho"e5e!/ o! the )(i&an#e o %o"e! #o(!t 8(&)es/ to set o!th ane" the #ont!o%%in) an& a(tho!itati5e &o#t!ines that sho(%& *e o*se!5e& in i-in) the a$o(nt o the *ai% so()ht in o!&e! that (%% !espe#t *e a##o!&e& to s(#h a #onstit(tiona% !i)ht. (I.E./ DASMA9ONA DAAAN9A ANA PONENCIA 4O PARA LANA DASAMANAT 9I 4O NADAN 4ASALANAN NA NA4ATA4AS SILA E0TG FERNAN9O/ 0A0A0A) Ri#a!&o/ &e %a Ca$a!a/ D(ni#ipa% Da+o! o Da)sa+sa+/ Disa$is O!ienta%/ "as a!!este& on No5e$*e! =/ 1968 an& &etaine& at the P!o5in#ia% 'ai% o A)(san/ o! his a%%e)e& pa!ti#ipation in the ,i%%in) o o(!teen an& the "o(n&in) o t"e%5e othe! %a*o!e!s o the Ti!a&o! Lo))in) Co The!ea te!/ the P!o5in#ia% Fis#a% o A)(san i%e& "ith the Co(!t o Fi!st Instan#e a #ase o! $(%tip%e !(st!ate& $(!&e! an& anothe! o! $(%tip%e $(!&e! a)ainst petitione!/ his #oGa##(se& Na$*ina%ot Ta)(nan an& Fo!t(nato Aa%)o/ !es(%tin) !o$ the a o!esai& o##(!!en#e. Then on 'an(a!+ 1@/ 1969/ #a$e an app%i#ation o! *ai% i%e& *+ petitione! "ith the %o"e! #o(!t/ p!e$ise& on the asse!tion that the!e "as no e5i&en#e to %in, hi$ "ith s(#h ata% in#i&ent o A()(st 21/ 1968. 0e %i,e"ise $antaine& his inno#en#e. Respon&ent '(&)e sta!te& the t!ia% o petitione! on Fe*!(a!+ 2@/ 1969/ the p!ose#(tion !estin) its #ase on '(%+ 1./ 1969. As o the ti$e o the i%in) o the petition/ the &e ense ha& not p!esente& its e5i&en#e. Respon&ent '(&)e iss(e& an o!&e! )!antin) petitione!Cs app%i#ation o! *ai%/ a&$ittin) that the!e "as a ai%(!e on the pa!t o the p!ose#(tion to p!o5e that petitione! "o(%& %ee e5en i he ha& the oppo!t(nit+/ *(t i-e& the a$o(nt o the bail bond at the e3cessive amount of P-,-,5,/.....,the sum of P+<.,...... for the information charging multiple murder and PA55,/..... for the offense of multiple frustrated murder. Then #a$e the a%%e)ation that on A()(st 12/ 19=./ the Se#!eta!+ o '(sti#e/ Vi#ente A*a& Santos/ (pon *ein) in o!$e& o s(#h o!&e!/ sent a te%e)!a$ to !espon&ent '(&)estatin) that the *on& !e;(i!e& 6is e-#essi5e6 an& s())estin) that a P@./......*on&/ eithe! in #ash o! p!ope!t+/ "o(%& *e !easona*%e. The!e "as %i,e"ise a $otion o! !e#onsi&e!ation to !e&(#e the a$o(nt. Respon&ent '(&)e ho"e5e! !e$aine& a&a$ant. 0en#e this petition.

The ans"e! i%e& *+ !espon&ent '(&)e on Da!#h >/ 19=1 set o!th the #i!#($stan#es #on#e!nin) the iss(an#e o the a*o5e o!&e! an& the othe! in#i&ents o the #ase/ "hi#h/ to his $in& "o(%& &isp!o5e an+ #ha!)e that he "as )(i%t+ o )!a5e a*(se o &is#!etion. It st!esse&/ $o!eo5e!/ that the #ha%%en)e& o!&e! "o(%& find support in circulars of the >epartment of 4ustice given sanction b this Court. 0e so()ht the &is$issa% o the petition o! %a#, o $e!it. Respon&ent '(&)e s(*$itte& a s(pp%e$enta% ans"e! "he!ein he a%%e)e& that petitione! es#ape& !o$ the p!o5in#ia% 8ai% on Ap!i% 28/ 19=1 an& ha& sin#e then !e$aine& at %a!)e. The!e "as a !eite!ation then o the &is$issa% o this petition o! %a#, o $e!it/ to "hi#h petitione! #o(nte!e& in a p%ea&in)/ an& i%e& "ith this Co(!t the ne-t &a+ "ith this p%ea2 6The (n&e!si)ne& #o(nse%/ the!e o!e/ 5ehe$ent%+ inte!pose opposition/ on *eha% o petitione!/ to !espon&entCs p!a+e! o! &is$issa% o the p!esent petition o! %a#, o $e!it. Fo!/ the iss(e in this #ase is not a%one the ate o petitione! Ri#a!&o &e %a Ca$a!a. The iss(e in the p!esent petition that #a%%s o! the !eso%(tion o this 0ono!a*%e T!i*(na% is the !ate o! countless other Ricardo de la Camaras *ho ma+be a*aiting the clear,cut de!inition and declaration o! the o*er o! trial courts in regard to the !i&ing o! bail .6 (0O3 TO7C0INA. <LE0) ISS'() *+, T.( 3I4 2(/+::(,1(1 *3S (=/(SSI5( 3,1 5I+43TI5( +; T.( /+,STIT'TI+,- -(S

<e o!e #on5i#tion/ e5e!+ pe!son is *ai%a*%e e-#ept i #ha!)e& "ith #apita% o enses "hen the e5i&en#e o )(i%t is st!on). S(#h a !i)ht %o"s !o$ the p!es($ption o inno#en#e in a5o! o e5e!+ a##(se& "ho sho(%& not *e s(*8e#te& to the %oss o !ee&o$ as the!ea te! he "o(%& *e entit%e& to a#;(itta%/ (n%ess his )(i%t *e p!o5e& *e+on& !easona*%e &o(*t. The!e*+ a !e)i$e o %i*e!t+ is hono!e& in the o*se!5an#e an& not in the *!ea#h. It is not *e+on&the !ea%$ o p!o*a*i%it+/ ho"e5e!/ that a pe!son #ha!)e& "ith a #!i$e/ espe#ia%%+ so "he!e his &e ense is "ea,/ "o(%& 8(st si$p%+ $a,e hi$se% s#a!#e an& th(s !(st!ate the hea!in) o his #ase. A *ai% is inten&e& as a )(a!antee that s(#h an intent "o(%& *e th"a!te& No! is the!e/ an+thin) (n!easona*%e in &en+in) this !i)ht to one #ha!)e& "ith a #apita% o ense "hen e5i&en#e o )(i%t is st!on)/ as the %i,e%ihoo& is/ !athe! than a"ait the o(t#o$e o the p!o#ee&in) a)ainst hi$ "ith a &eath senten#e/ an e5e!Gp!esent th!eat/ te$ptation to %ee the 8(!is&i#tion "o(%& *e too )!eat to *e !esiste&. 3he!e/ ho"e5e!/ the !i)ht to *ai% e-ists/ it sho(%& not *e !en&e!e& n()ato!+ *+ !e;(i!in) a s($ that is e-#essi5e. So the Constit(tion #o$$an&s. It is (n&e!stan&a*%e "h+. I the!e "e!e no s(#h p!ohi*ition/ the !i)ht to *ai% *e#o$es $eanin)%ess. It "o(%& ha5e *een $o!e o!th!i)ht i no $ention o s(#h a )(a!antee "e!e o(n& in the (n&a$enta% %a".

19

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien
It is not to *e %ost si)ht o that the 7nite& States Constit(tion %i$its itse% to a p!ohi*ition a)ainst e-#essi5e *ai%. Nothin) #an *e #%ea!e!/ the!e o!e/ than that the #ha%%en)e& o!&e! o A()(st 1./ 19=. i-in) the a$o(nt o P1/19>/2..... as the *ai% that sho(%& *e poste& *+ petitione!/ the s($ o P8@./...... o! the in o!$ation #ha!)in) $(%tip%e $(!&e!/ the!e *ein) o(!teen 5i#ti$s/ an& the s($ o P?>>/2.. o! the othe! o ense o $(%tip%e !(st!ate& $(!&e!/ the!e *ein) t"e%5e 5i#ti$s/ is #%ea!%+ 5io%ati5e o #onstit(tiona% p!o5ision .7n&e! the #i!#($stan#es/ the!e *ein) on%+ t"o o enses #ha!)e&/ the a$o(nt !e;(i!e& as *ai% #o(%& not possi*%+ e-#ee& P>./...... o! the in o!$ation o! $(!&e! an& P2>/...... o! the othe! in o!$ation o! !(st!ate& $(!&e!. No! sho(%& it *e i)no!e& in this #ase that the 9epa!t$ent o '(sti#e &i& !e#o$$en& the tota% s($ o P@./...... o! the t"o o enses. 5illase>or ". 3bano@ The )(i&e%ines in the i-in) o *ai% "as the!e s($$a!iEe&/ in the opinion o '(sti#e San#heE/ as o%%o"s2 6(1) a*i%it+ o the a##(se& to )i5e *ai%H (2) nat(!e o the o enseH (?) pena%t+ o! the o ense #ha!)e&H (@) #ha!a#te! an& !ep(tation o the a##(se&H (>) hea%th o the a##(se&H (6) #ha!a#te! an& st!en)th o the e5i&en#eH (=) p!o*a*i%it+ o the a##(se& appea!in) in t!ia%H (8) o! eit(!e o othe! *on&sH (9) "hethe! the a##(se& "asa ()iti5e !o$ 8(sti#e "hen a!!este&H an& (1.) i the a##(se& is (n&e! *on& o! appea!an#e at t!ia% in othe! #ases.6 Respon&ent '(&)e/ ho"e5e!/ &i& i)no!e this &e#isi5e #onsi&e!ation appea!in) at the en& o the a*o5e opinion2 69is#!etion/ in&ee&/ is "ith the #o(!t #a%%e& (pon to !(%e on the ;(estion o *ai%. 3e $(st st!ess/ ho"e5e!/ that "he!e #on&itions i$pose& (pon a &e en&ant see,in) *ai% "o(%& a$o(nt to a !e (sa% the!eo an& !en&e! n()ato!+ the #onstit(tiona% !i)ht to *ai%/ "e "i%% not hesitate to e-e!#ise o(! s(pe!5iso!+ po"e!s to p!o5i&e the !e;(i!e& !e$e&+.6 No atte$pt at !ationa%iEation #an the!e o!e )i5e a #o%o! o 5a%i&it+ to the #ha%%en)e& o!&e!. The!e is )!i$ i!on+ in an a##(se& *ein) to%& that he has a !i)ht to *ai% *(t at the sa$e ti$e *ein) !e;(i!e& to post s(#h an e-o!*itant s($. It is no "on&e! that the !es(%tin) !(st!ation %e t !esent$ent an& *itte!ness in its "a,e. Petitione!Cs s(*se;(ent es#ape #annot *e #on&one&. That is "h+ he is not entit%e& to the !e%ie p!a+e& o!. 3hat !espon&ent '(&)e &i&/ ho"e5e!/ &oes #a%% o! !ep(&iation !o$ this Co(!t. No! is the!e an+ 8(sti i#ation then o! i$p(tin) his ina*i%it+ to i- a %esse! a$o(nt *+ 5i!t(e o an a%%e)e& !e%ian#e on a &e#ision

o this T!i*(na%. E5en i one "e!e #ha!ita*%+ in#%ine&/ the $i%&est #ha!a#te!iEation o s(#h a !es(%t is that the!e "as a #%ea! !ea&in) o the A*ano opinion "hen s(#h a $eanin) "as as#!i*e& to it. No &o#t!ine !e ine$ent $a+ e%i#it app!o5a% i to &o so "o(%& *e to !e&(#e the !i)ht to *ai% to a *a!!en o!$ o "o!&s. Not on%+ is the o!&e! #o$p%aine& o a*so%(te%+ *e!e t o s(ppo!t in %a"/ *(t it %ies in the a#e o #o$$on sense. It is not too $(#h to sa+ that it is at "a! "ith the #o$$an& o !eason.

2.

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien VILLASENOR 5. A<ANO 21 SCRA ?21 (196=) San#heE/ 'H Sept. 29/ 196=
Villasenor G he is a $e!e )o5. e$p%o+ee/ ea!nin) a sa%a!+ o P21. a $onth an& the so%e *!ea&"inne! o a a$i%+ o i5e.

"'C$ *

Re+na%&o Vi%%aseno! "as #ha!)e& "ith $(!&e! o Po%i#e Se!)eant Da&%a *e o!e the CFI o Da!in&(;(e. 0e "as a&$itte& to a P6./...G*ai% "hi#h "as !e&(#e& to P@./.... 0e poste& a p!ope!t+ *on& an& "as set at p!o5isiona% %i*e!t+. <e o!e a!!ai)n$ent/ P!o5. Fis#a% a$en&e& the in o!$ation/ #ha!)in) the a##(se& "ith 9i!e#t Assa(%t 7pon an A)ent o a Pe!son in A(tho!it+ "ith D(!&e!. A(). = G '(&)e A*ano sua onte #an#e%%e& Vi%%aseno!1s *on& an& o!&e!e& his i$$e&iate a!!est. Sept. 9 G A te! hea!in) on Vi%%aseno!1s $otion to !e#onsi&e!/ '(&)e A*ano !eso%5e& to a&$it hi$ to *ai% p!o5i&e& he p(ts (ps a #ash *on& o P6./.... Sept. 1> G Vi%%aseno! as,e& the #o(!t that the o!i)ina% *on& p!e5io(s%+ )i5en *e !einstate&. '(&)e A*ano !eso%5e& to i- 6the *on& ane" in !ea% p!ope!t+ in the a$o(nt o P6./....../ *(t to *e poste& on%+ *+ !esi&ents o the p!o5in#e o Da!in&(;(e a#t(a%%+ sta+in) the!ein6 "ith p!ope!ties "hi#h 6$(st *e in the possession an& o"ne!ship o sai& !esi&ents o! i5e +ea!s.6 Vi%%aseno! i%e& a petition o! #e!tio!a!i "ith a p!a+e! o! p!e%i$ina!+ in8(n#tion see,in) to set asi&e '(&)e A*ano1s o!&e!s o A(). =/ Sept. 9 an& Sept. 1> an& to !einstate the *ai% p!e5io(s%+ app!o5e& *+ '(&*e A*ano. 0e #ha!)es '(&)e A*ano ha5in) a#te& "itho(t an+ o! in e-#ess o 8(!is&i#tion an& "ith )!a5e a*(se o &is#!etion in iss(in) the &isp(te& o!&e!s. 0**;2 *@ 1. 3ON the P6.,G*on& i-e& *+ '(&)e A*ano t!ans)!ess the #onstit(tiona% in8(n#tion that e-#essi5e *ai% sha%% not *e !e;(i!e&. 2. 3ON the !e;(i!e$ent that the p!ope!t+ *on& *e poste& on%+ *+ !esi&ents o the p!o5in#e o Da!in&(;(e a#t(a%%+ sta+in) the!ein #o%%i&es "ith Se#. 9/ R(%e 11@1. ?. 3ON it is *e+on& the po"e! o '(&)e A*ano to !e;(i!e that p!ope!ties *e o e!e& as *on& $(st *e in possession an& o"ne!ship o the s(!eties o! at %east i5e +ea!s. -ot

e. /0ince the t*o orders o! Aug. 1 and 0e t. 2 *as re laced *ith the order o! 0e t. 345 the+ became !unctus o!!icio 'retains no legal authorit+ because his or its duties and !unctions have been com leted) //This is a 3261 case hence the re!erence to a di!!erent R7C. 728>B#'$0 O -. 1O. $he court has the po!er to grant bail in bailable cases and the discretion to fi3 the amount thereof. 0n the instant case, there is no abuse of discretion. Se#. 9. 8uali!ication o! sureties. U The ne#essa!+ ;(a%i i#ations o s(!eties to a *ai% *on& sha%% *e as o%%o"s2 (a) Ea#h o the$ $(st *e a !esi&ent ho(seho%&e! o! !eeho%&e! "ithin the Phi%ippines.
1

Se#. 12/ R(%e 11@ p!o5i&es that 6the #o(!t $a+/ (pon )oo& #a(se sho"n/ eithe! in#!ease o! !e&(#e the a$o(nt6 o the *ai%/ an& that 6&e en&ant $a+ *e #o$$itte& to #(sto&+ (n%ess he )i5es *ai% in the in#!ease& a$o(nt he is #a%%e& (pon to (!nish.6 3e a!e not to #onsi&e! so%e%+ the ina*i%it+ o a &e en&ant to se#(!e *ai% in a #e!tain a$o(nt. This #i!#($stan#e *+ itse% &oes not $a,e the a$o(nt e-#essi5e. A(i&e%ines (se& *+ the #o(!ts in &ete!$inin) the a$o(nt o *ai% The p(!pose o *ai% as p!o5i&e& in the &e inition (n&e! Se#. 1/ R(%e 11@ G the se#(!it+ !e;(i!e& an& )i5en o! the !e%ease o a pe!son "ho is in the #(sto&+ o the %a"/ that he *ill a ear be!ore an+ court in *hich his a earance ma+ be re)uired as sti ulated in the bail bond or recognizance. The #on&ition o *ai% as p!o5i&e& (n&e! Se#. 2/ R(%e 11@ G &e en&ant sha%% ans"e! the #o$p%aint o! in o!$ation in the #o(!t in "hi#h it is i%e& o! to "hi#h it $a+ *e t!ans e!!e& o! t!ia%/ an& a te! #on5i#tion/ i the #ase is appea%e& to the Co(!t o Fi!st Instan#e (pon app%i#ation s(ppo!te& *+ an (n&e!ta,in) o! *ai%/ that he "i%%/ s(!!en&e! hi$se% in e-e#(tion o s(#h 8(&)$ent as the appe%%ate #o(!t $a+ !en&e!/ o! that/ in #ase #a(se/ is to *e t!ie& ane" o! !e$an&e& o! a ne" t!ia%/ he "i%% appea! in the #o(!t to "hi#h it $a+ *e !e$an&e& an& s(*$it hi$se% to the o!&e!s an& p!o#esses the!eo . The o%%o"in) p!in#ip%es sho(%& *e #onsi&e!e& in i-in) the a$o(nt o *ai%2 the a$o(nt sho(%& *e hi)h eno()h to ass(!e the p!esen#e o &e en&ant "hen !e;(i!e& *(t no hi)he! than is !easona*%+ #a%#(%ate& to (% i%% this p(!pose the )oo& o the p(*%i# as "e%% as the !i)hts o the a##(se& the nee& o! a tie to the 8(!is&i#tion an& the !i)ht to !ee&o$ !o$ (nne#essa!+ !est!aint *e o!e #on5i#tion (n&e! the #i!#($stan#es s(!!o(n&in) ea#h pa!ti#(%a! a##(se& Ce!tain )(i&e%ines in *ai% i-in)/ "hi#h $a+ *e s($$a!iEe& as o%%o"s2 (1) a*i%it+ o the a##(se& to )i5e *ai%H (2) nat(!e o the o enseH (?) Pena%t+ o! the o ense #ha!)e&H (@) #ha!a#te! an& !ep(tation o the a##(se&H (>) hea%th o the a##(se&H (6) #ha!a#te! an& st!en)th o the e5i&en#eH (=) p!o*a*i%it+ o the a##(se& appea!in) in t!ia%H (8) o! eit(!e o othe! *on&sH (9) "hethe! the a##(se& "as a ()iti5e !o$ 8(sti#e "hen a!!este&H an& (1.) i the a##(se& is (n&e! *on& o! appea!an#e at t!ia% in othe! #ases The principal factor #onsi&e!e&/ to the determination o! *hich most other !actors are directed/ is the p!o*a*i%it+ o the appea!an#e o the a##(se&/ o! o his %i)ht to a5oi& p(nish$ent.6 O i$po!tan#e then is the possi*%e pena%t+ that $a+ *e $ete& Vi%%aseno! is #ha!)e& "ith a #apita% o ense/ direct assault upon an agent of a person in authorit !ith murder . A #o$p%e- #!i$e/ it $a+ #a%% o! the i$position o the #apita%

21

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien
p(nish$ent. Then/ Ci!#(%a! @= &ate& '(%+ >/ 19@6 o the 9epa!t$ent o '(sti#e/ !eite!ate& in Ci!#(%a! @8 o '(%+ 18/ 196?/ &i!e#te& p!ose#(tin) atto!ne+Cs to !e#o$$en& *ai% at the !ate o P2/...... pe! +ea! o i$p!ison$ent/ #o!!espon&in) to the $e&i($ pe!io& o the pena%t+ p!es#!i*e& o! the o ense #ha!)e&/ (n%ess #i!#($stan#es "a!!ant a hi)he! pena%t+ /. 1O. $he posture taken b respondent (udge does not offend the good sense of (ustice. Judge Abano G it has *een his e-pe!ien#e that 6it is ha!& to sen& noti#es to peop%e o(tsi&e the p!o5in#e.6 0e e-p%ains that the (s(a% p!o#e&(!e o his #%e!, o #o(!t is to sen& noti#es *+ !e)iste!e& $ai% a##o$panie& *+ !et(!n #a!&sH that "hen t!ia% #o$es/ the !et(!n #a!&s in $an+ instan#es ha5e not +et *een !e#ei5e& in #o(!tH that "hen the pa!ties ai% to appea!H the!e is no "a+ o ,no"in) "hethe! the noti#es ha5e *een &(%+ !e#ei5e&H that he #annot o!&e! the #on is#ation o the *on& an& the a!!est o the a##(se&/ *e#a(se he is not s(!e "hethe! the *on&s$en ha5e *een &(%+ noti ie&H that sen&in) te%e)!a$s to peop%e o(tsi&e the p!o5in#e is #ost%+/ an& the #o(!t #annot a o!& to in#(! $(#h e-penses. 3e !ea& Se#. 9/ R(%e 11@ to $ean that the &i!e#ti5e that *on&s$en *e !esi&ent ho(seho%&e!s o! !eeho%&e!s in the Phi%ippines is *(t a $ini$($ !e;(i!e$ent. Reason o! this is that *on&s$en in #!i$ina% #ases/ !esi&in) o(tsi&e o the Phi%ippines/ a!e not "ithin the !ea#h o the p!o#esses o its #o(!ts. It is not inten&e& to tie (p the han&s o a 8(&)e to app!o5e *ai% so %on) as it is o e!e& *+ a !esi&ent ho(seho%&e! o! !eeho%&e! "ithin the Phi%ippines. Fo! a #o(!t has *!oa& po"e!s essentia% to its 8(&i#ia% (n#tion. '(&)e A*ano on%+ "ante& to $a,e s(!e that "hen the p!ope! ti$e #o$es o! the #o(!t to o!&e! the s(!eties to p!o&(#e the pe!son o &e en&ant/ no (n&(e &e%a+ "i%% *e in#(!!e&. I *on&s$en !esi&e in a! a"a+ p%a#es/ e5en i "ithin the Phi%ippines/ the p(!pose o *ai% $a+ *e !(st!ate&. The!e is the ins( i#ien#+ o the $ai%s as an e e#ti5e $eans o #o$$(ni#ation. An& then/ the!e is the p!o*%e$ o #o$p%+in) "ith the #onstit(tiona% $an&ate o spee&+ t!ia%. I noti#e to s(!eties is not se!5e&/ no t!ia% #an *e ha&. F(!the!$o!e/ !ea&in) o his petition ai%s o an a5e!$ent that the !e;(isite e-a#te& that *on&s$en *e !esi&ents o an& a#t(a%%+ sta+in) in Da!in&(;(e "o(%& #a(se hi$ p!e8(&i#e. A. 1O Judge Abano , he !e%ie& on Ci!#(%a! 2/ &ate& 'an(a!+ 2?/ 196@/ o the 0ono!a*%e/ the Se#!eta!+ o '(sti#e/ a&&!esse&/ a$on) othe!s/ to '(&)es o Fi!st Instan#e. That #i!#(%a! !e#ites that it ha& *een *!o()ht to the attention o the 9epa!t$ent o '(sti#e that in #e!tain p!o5in#es/ (ns#!(p(%o(s pe!sons "ho a!e sp(!io(s %an&o"ne!s/ ha5e *een a##epte& as s(!eties. The Se#!eta!+ then s())este& that it $a+ *e a )oo& po%i#+ not to a##ept as *ai% *on&s !ea% p!ope!ties not #o5e!e& *+ #e!ti i#ate o tit%e (n%ess the+ ha5e *een &e#%a!e& o! ta-ation p(!poses in a5o! o the pe!son o e!in) the$ as *on& o! at %east i5e (>) +ea!s. Its p(!pose is to p!e5ent the #o$$ission o !a(&s in #onne#tion "ith the postin) o pe!sona% *ai% *on&s an& to p!ote#t the inte!ests o the Ao5e!n$ent. I the *on&s$an is not the o"ne!/ *ai% ai%s o its p(!pose/ p!e8(&i#e to the )o5e!n$ent sets in. 3e note that the o!&e! o Septe$*e! 1>/ 196@ spo,e o p!ope!ties in )ene!a%. Fai%(!e o spe#i i#ness on the pa!t o '(&)e A*ana then #o(%& ha5e *een a #ase o o5e!si)ht. To o*5iate

$is(n&e!stan&in)/ "e ta,e it (pon o(!se%5es to #%a!i + that o!&e!. 3e &o sa+ no" that the o!&e! o Septe$*e! 1>/ 196@ is to *e (n&e!stoo& as e-#%(&in) p!ope!ties #o5e!e& *+ To!!ens tit%es !o$ the !e;(i!e$ent that p!ope!ties to *e o e!e& as *on& $(st *e 6in the possession an& o"ne!ship o the s(!eties o! at %east i5e +ea!s.6 >0*PO*0$0O1 "e 5ote to &is$iss the petition o! #e!tio!a!i/ an& to &isso%5e the "!it o p!e%i$ina!+ in8(n#tion iss(e& he!ein.

22

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien PEOPLE 5. AS7NCION 161 SCRA @9. Pa&i%%a/ 'H Da+ 2@/ 1988
!(%e& that a #!i$ina% %ia*i%it+ "as te$po!a!i%+ LIFTE9 o! $e!e possessionC o (n%i#ense& i!ea!$s an& a$$(nition P!ose#(tion G nothin) is #ontaine& in sai& e-e#(ti5e o!&e!s "hi#h %e)a%iEes the possession o i!ea!$s an& a$$(nition "itho(t a pe!$itH that sai& e-e#(ti5e o!&e!s $e!e%+ a(tho!iEe& ho%&e!s o! possesso!s o (n%i#ense& i!ea!$s an& a$$(nition to s(!!en&e! the sa$e "ithin a spe#i ie& i%in) pe!io& "itho(t in#(!!in) #!i$ina% %ia*i%it+H an& that i%%e)a% possession o i!ea!$s an& a$$(nition is sti%% pena%iEe& (n&e! P!es. 9e#!ee No. 1866 "hi#h "as not !epea%e& *+ sai& E-e#(ti5e O!&e! Nos. 1.= an& 222. It $a+ *e t!(e that the!e is nothin) in E-e#(ti5e O!&e!s Nos. 1.= an& 222 that e-p!ess%+ %e)a%iEes the (n%i#ense& possession o i!ea!$s an& a$$(nition/ *(t this Co(!t ha& Ste!%in) Assa(%t Ri %e/ A!$a%ite Ri %e/ Ca!*ine/ Ca% ?>= Re5o%5e! an& Ca% @>/ Pisto%
2

"'C$ *

Ro%an&o A*a&ina ( o!$e! #o%one% o AFP) "as #ha!)e& *e o!e the RTC "ith the o ense o Vio%ation o P9 1866 QI%%e)a% Possession o Fi!ea!$s an& A$$(nitionsI The in o!$ation !ea& that he "i% (%%+/ (n%a" (%%+ an& e%onio(s%+ ha& in possession an& (n&e! his #(sto&+ i!ea!$s2/ a$$(nitions an& $a)aEines "itho(t i!st se#(!in) the ne#essa!+ %i#ense an&:o! pe!$it !o$ the %a" (% a(tho!it+. 7pon A*ania1s $otion/ '(&)e As(n#ion &is$isse& the In o!$ation on the )!o(n& that it &i& not a%%e)e s( i#ient a#ts to #onstit(te an o ense/ sin#e the possession o %oose i!ea!$s an& e-p%osi5es is not i%%e)a% er se5 in 5ie" o E-e#(ti5e O!&e! No. 1.= "hi#h )i5es ho%&e!s o! possesso!s o (n%i#ense& i!ea!$s an& a$$(nition a pe!io& o si- (6) $onths !o$ its e e#ti5it+/ e-ten&e& to ?1 9e#e$*e! 198= *+ E-e#(ti5e O!&e! No. 222/ "ithin "hi#h to s(!!en&e! the sa$e to the p!ope! a(tho!ities/ "itho(t in#(!!in) an+ #!i$ina% %ia*i%it+ the!e o!/ e-#ept i the (n%i#ense& i!ea!$ o! a$$(nition is #a!!ie& o(tsi&e o oneCs !esi&en#e/ not o! the p(!pose o s(!!en&e!in) the sa$e/ o! (se& in the #o$$ission o an+ othe! o ense/ an& the!e is no a%%e)ation in sai& in o!$ation that the i!ea!$s an& a$$(nition en($e!ate& the!ein "e!e #a!!ie& o(tsi&e the a##(se&Cs !esi&en#e o! (se& in the #o$$ission o so$e othe! #!i$e. 0**;2* 1. 3ON 8(&)e e!!e& in hoo&in) that the possession o %oose i!ea!$s an& e-p%osi5es is not i%%e)a% er se &(!in) the pe!io& #o5e!e& *+ E-e#(ti5e O!&e!s Nos. 1.= an& 222. 2. 3ON it "as not ne#essa!+ o! the p!ose#(tion to a%%e)e in the in o!$ation that the i!ea!$s an& a$$(nition/ s(*8e#t $atte! o this #ase/ "e!e *!o()ht o(t o the !esi&en#e o the a##(se& o! "e!e (se& *+ hi$ in the #o$$ission o! anothe! o ense ?. 3ON (n&e! the a%%e)ation in the in o!$ation/ p!ose#(tion $a+ p!o5e that the a##(se& ea!ne& the i!ea!$s an& a$$(nition o(tsi&e o his !esi&en#e 728>B#'$0O@ -. 1O. 2O 1o. -.=, as amended b 2O 1o. ///, is similar to #' 1os. < and <+/. 9e !ill not give it a different meaning because there is no basis for such a difference.

&(!in) the pe!io& #o5e!e&/ a%tho()h s(#h pe!son is not e-e$pt !o$ #!i$ina% %ia*i%it+ i%in) "ithin the pe!io& p!o5i&e&/ he #a!!ies the i!ea!$ an& a$$(nition ((n%ess it is o! the p(!pose o s(!!en&e!in) the sa$e) o! he #o$$its an+ othe! o ense "ith the (se o s(#h (n%i#ense& i!ea!$ an& a$$(nition. $eo le vs. Lo ez G It "i%% *e seen that se# 2 (o RA NO @) e-#%(&e& !o$ the ope!ation o se# 1 (p to A()(st ?1/ 19@6/ possession o i!ea!$s an& a$$(nition so %on) as the+ "e!e not (se& o! an+ p(!pose othe! than se% G &e ense o! #a!!ie& o! an+ p(!pose othe! than o s(!!en&e!in) the$ to the p!ope! a(tho!ities. The Ao5e!n$ent &oes not &isp(te this inte!p!etation. A%tho()h the %a" &oes not #ate)o!i#a%%+ state that #!i$ina% %ia*i%it+ "as te$po!a!i%+ %i te& o! $e!e possession o i%in) i!e)e$s an& a$$(nition/ that is the on%+ #onst!(#tion #o$pati*%e "ith the spi!it an& p(!poses o the ena#t$ent as !e5ea%e& *+ its #onte-t. $eo le vs. (eliciano G SC !(%e& that RA No. @82 %e)a%iEe& $e!e (n%i#ense& possession o i!ea!$s an& a$$(nition o! the %i$ite& pe!io& spe#i ie& in sai& %a"/ an& p(nishe& on%+ (1) the (se o (n%i#ense& i!ea!$ o! a$$(nition/ o! (2) the #a!!+in) o s(#h i!ea!$ o! a$$(nition on the pe!son/ e-#ept to s(!!en&e! the$. The Co(!t sai&2 Fe%i#iano !(%in) "as !eite!ate& in $eo le vs. Tabunares. RA No. @82/ in e e#t %e)a%iEe& $e!e (n%i#ense& on "ithin one +ea! !o$ sai& &ate/ an& p(nishe& on%+ (1) the (se o a o! a$$(nition o! (2) the #a!!ia)e the!eo on the pe!son e-#ept o! p(!pose o s(!!en&e!. Appe%%antCs #on5i#tion #annot stan&/ sin#e it is !este& so%e%+ on (n%i#ense& possession on o! a*o(t No5e$*e! 6/ 19>.. /. 1O. 0t is necessar for the prosecution to allege in the information that the firearms and ammunition, sub(ect matter of this case, !ere brought out of the residence of the accused or !ere used b him in the commission or another offense $rosecution G these #i!#($stan#es a!e not essentia% in)!e&ients o the #!i$e o i%%e)a% possession o i!ea!$s an& a$$(nition. $eo le v. Lo ez N 7n&e! RA No. @/ the (se o! the #a!!+in) o i!ea!$s an&:o! a$$(nition "as an in)!e&ient/ i not the so%e in)!e&ient/ o the o enseH i.e. the 5e!+ a#ts "hi#h "e!e p(nishe&/ s(*8e#t to #e!tain #on&itions/ an& hen#e/ sho(%& *e a%%e)e& an& p!o5e&. $eo le v. Austria G in o!&e! that an in o!$ation #ha!)in) i%%e)a% possession o i!ea!$ an& a$$(nition/ (n&e! Rep(*%i# A#t No. @82/ $a+ *e &ee$e& s( i#ient/ it $(st a%%e)e that the a##(se& "as (sin) the (n%i#ense& i!ea!$ o! #a!!+in) it in his pe!son at the ti$e he "as app!ehen&e& *+ the a(tho!ities "ith sai& i!ea!$. A. 1O. $he information is fatall defective.

2?

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien
Peop%e 5. A(st!ia G the p!esentation o e5i&en#e #annot ha5e the e e#t o 5a%i&atin) a 5oi& in o!$ation/ o! p!o5in) an o ense "hi#h &oes not %e)a%%+ e-ist. The in o!$ation "as not $e!e%+ &e e#ti5e *(t it &oes not #ha!)e an+ o ense at a%%. Te#hni#a%%+ spea,in)/ that in o!$ation &oes not e-ist in #onte$p%ation o %a". The Co(!t is not (na"a!e that a##(seG A*a&i%%a/ !i)ht%+ o! "!on)%+/ is i&enti ie& "ith the 5io%ent a!$ o the past !e)i$e. To $an+/ he is !e)a!&e& "ith (n(s(a% ease an& a#i%it+ as the 6hit $an6 o that !e)i$e. The Co(!t/ ho"e5e!/ is not s"a+e& *+ appe%%ations o! app!o*!i($s.

>0*PO*0$0O1 the petition is 9ENIE9. The o!&e!s appea%e& !o$ a!e he!e*+ AFFIRDE9.

2@

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien AARCIA 5. CA 266 SCRA 6=8 9a5i&e/ '!./ 'H 'an(a!+ 2=/ 199=
his 5ie" that the State is the o en&e& pa!t+ in p(*%i# o enses. "hi#h "i%% inte!!(pt the pe!io& o p!es#!iption o the o ense #ha!)e&. Aa!#ia appea%e& to CA. 0e #onten&e& that2 (a) TC e!!e& in ;(ashin) the in o!$ation on the )!o(n& o p!es#!iption G <i)a$+ "as a p(*%i# o enseH Jthe o en&e& pa!t+ is not the i!st o! se#on& (inno#ent) spo(se *(t the State "hose %a" "as t!ans)!esse&. Th(s/ the p!es#!ipti5e pe!io& o <i)a$+ sho(%& #o$$en#e !o$ the &a+ the State/ *ein) the o en&e& pa!t+/ &is#o5e!e& the o ense/ "hi#h in this #ase "as on A(). 28/ 1991 "hen he i%e& his #o$p%ain *e o!e the P!os.1 O i#e. 0e a&&e& that the inte!#han)in) (se in A!t. 91 o the RPC o the te!$s 6o en&e& pa!t+/6 6a(tho!ities/6 an& 6thei! a)ents6 s(ppo!ts

"'C$ *

'ose Aa!#ia JA i&a5it o

i%e& "ith the OC P!os.1 O i#e an Co$p%aintK #ha!)in) his "i e/ A&e%a Santos a%ias 9e%ia Sanots "ith <i)a$+/ 5io%ation o CA No. 1@2/ as a$en&e& *+ R.A. No. 6.8>/ an& Fa%si i#ation o P(*%i# 9o#($ents. Late!/ Santos in o!$e& Ass. Cit+ P!os. Ca*ani%%a that he "o(%& %i$it his a#tion to *i)a$+. Ass. P!os. Ca*ani%%a i%e& "ith the RTC o OC an in o!$ation #ha!)in) A&e%a Santos "ith <i)a$+ a%%e)e&%+ #o$$itte& as o%%o"s 2 the a*o5eGna$e& a##(se&/ *ein) p!e5io(s%+ (nite& in %a" (% $a!!ia)e "ith REMNAL9O O7IROCA/ an& "itho(t the sai& $a!!ia)e ha5in) *een &isso%5e&/ (o! *e o!e the a*sent spo(se has *een &e#%a!e& p!es($pti5e%+ &ea& *+ a 8(&)$ent !en&e!e& in the p!ope! p!o#ee&in)s)/ &i& then an& the!e "i% (%%+/ (n%a" (%%+ an& e%onio(s%+ #ont!a#t a se#on& $a!!ia)e "ith 'OSE A. AARCIA/ "hi#h $a!!ia)e has QsicI &is#o5e!e& in 1989/ to the &a$a)e an& p!e8(&i#e o the sai& o en&e& pa!t+ in s(#h a$o(nt as $a+ *e a"a!&e& (n&e! the p!o5isions o the Ci5i% Co&e. A&e%a Santos i%e& a Dotion to O(ash a%%e)in) p!es#!iption o the o ense as )!o(n&. She #onten&e& that *+ Aa!#ia1s a&$ission in his testi$on+ in #i5i% #ase an& in his #o$p%aint i%e& "ith the Ci5i% Se!5i#e #o$$ission/ Aa!#ia &is#o5e!e& the #o$$ission o the o ense as ea!%+ as 19=@. Sin#e the pena%t+ p!es#!i*e& (n&e! A!t. ?29 o the RPC o! the o ense o *i)a$+ is p!ision $a+o!/ "hi#h is #%assi ie& as an a %i#ti5e pena%t+ (n&e! A!t. 2> o the sa$e Co&e/ then sai& o ense sho(%& p!es#!i*e in 1> +ea!s as p!o5i&e& in A!t. 92 o the Co&e. TC )!ante& the $otion to ;(ash an& &is$isse& the #!i$ina% #ase. The #o$p%ainant ha5in) &is#o5e!e& the i!st $a!!ia)e o the a##(se& to one Re+na%&o O(i!o#a in 19=@ "hen he "as in o!$e& o it *+ one E()enia <a%in)it/ the o ense #ha!)e& has a%!ea&+ p!es#!i*e& "hen the in o!$ation "as i%e& in this #ase on No5e$*e! 1>/ 1991 Aa!#ia $o5e& o! !e#onsi&e!ation a!)(in) that A&e%a1s $an+ t!ips a*!oa& s(spen&e& the !(nnin) o the p!es#!ipti5e pe!io&. These t!ips "e!e en($e!ate& in the #e!ti i#ation iss(e& *+ Ass. Co$$issione! Do!a%s o <I9. TC &isa%%o"e& !e#onsi&e!ation o its o!&e!/ in&in) no (!)ent o! 8(sti ia*%e !eason to set it asi&e. The t!ia% #o(!t he%& that t!ips o a!e not the ,in& o a*sen#e !o$ the Phi%ippines

$eo le v. Alagao , that in !eso%5in) the $otion to ;(ash a #!i$ina% #o$p%aint o! in o!$ation/ the a#ts a%%e)e& in the #o$p%aint o! in o!$ation sho(%& *e ta,en as the+ a!e. The in o!$ation in this #ase $entione& that the *i)a$+ "as &is#o5e!e& in 1989. G The a#t(a% *ases o the $otion to ;(ash/ viz./ the Aa!#ia1s testi$on+ in Ci5i% Case an& his #o$p%aint i%e& "ith the CSC a!e not #on#%(si5e *e#a(se the testi$on+ is hea!sa+ e5i&en#e/ hen#e ina&$issi*%e/ "hi%e the #o$p%aint is 5a)(e. G The p!es#!ipti5e pe!io& "as inte!!(pte& se5e!a% ti$es *+ the A&e%aCs n($e!o(s t!ips a*!oa&. (*) Co(nse% o! A&e%a is *a!!e& !o$ i%in) the $otion to ;(ash the in o!$ation G Co(nse% o! A&e%a has a%!ea&+ state& that he !ep!esent on%+ 9e%ia Aa!#ia an& not A&e%a Santos. Conse;(ent%+/ he! #o(nse% #o(%& not as, o! the ;(ash o the in o!$ation in a5o(! o A&e%a Santos a%ias 9e%ia Santos. The #o(nse% sho(%& ha5e so()ht a &is$issa% o the #ase in a5o(! o 9e%ia Aa!#ia a%one. CA #on#%(&e& that Aa!#ia &is#o5e!e& A&e%a1s i!st $a!!ia)e in 19=@. Sin#e the in o!$ation "as i%e& in #o(!t on%+ on 'an. 8/ 1992 o! 18 +ea!s a te! the &is#o5e!+ o the o en#e/ then the 1>G+ea! p!es#!ipti5e pe!io& ha& #e!tain%+ %apse&. It (!the! he%& that the ;(ash o an in o!$ation *ase& on p!es#!iption o the o ense #o(%& *e in5o,e& *e o!e o! a te! a!!ai)n$ent an& e5en on appea%/ o! (n&e! A!t. 89(>) o RPC/ the #!i$ina% %ia*i%it+ o a pe!son is Jtota%%+ e-tin)(ishe& *+ the p!es#!iption o the #!i$e/ "hi#h is a $o&e o e-tin)(ishin) #!i$ina% %ia*i%it+.K Th(s/ p!es#!iption is not &ee$e& "ai5e& e5en i not p%ea&e& as a &e ese. 0**;2 1. 3ON the p!es#!iption o! <i)a$+ sho(%& ha5e *een #o(nte& !o$ the ti$e the State &is#o5e!e& its #o$$ission. 2. 3ON a Dotion to O(ash #annot )o *e+on& "hat is state& in the in o!$ation ?. 3ON the a#t(a% *ases o the Dotion to O(ash a!e not #on#%(si5e. @. 3ON/ ass($in) the p!es#!ipti5e pe!io& sta!te& in 19=@/ sai& pe!io& "as inte!!(pte& se5e!a% ti$es. 728>B#'$0O 1. NO. The p!es#!iption sho(%& ha5e *een #o(nte& !o$ the ti$e the Jo en&e& pa!t+K ( i!st o! se#on& inno#ent spo(se) &is#o5e!e& its #o$$ission. It is t!(e that <i)a$+ is a p(*%i# o ense. 0o"e5e!/ A!t. 91 o RPC $a,es no &istin#tion *et"een a p(*%i# #!i$e an& a p!i5ate #!i$e. In *oth #ases then/ the &is#o5e!+ $a+ *e *+ the Jo en&e& pa!t+/ the a(tho!ities/ o! thei! a)ents.K A!t. 91 &oes not &e ine the te!$ Jo en&e& pa!t+.K 3e in& its &e inition in Se#. 12/ R(%e 11. as 6the pe!son a)ainst "ho$ o! a)ainst "hose p!ope!t+/ the o ense "as #o$$itte&.6

2>

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien
It is !easona*%e to ass($e that the o en&e& pa!t+ in the #o$$ission o a #!i$e/ p(*%i# o! p!i5ate/ is the pa!t+ to "ho$ the o en&e! is #i5i%%+ %ia*%e/ in %i)ht o A!t. 1.. o the RPC/ "hi#h e-p!ess%+ p!o5i&es that 6e5e!+ pe!son #!i$ina%%+ %ia*%e o! a e%on+ is a%so #i5i%%+ %ia*%e.6 The p!i5ate in&i5i&(a% to "ho$ the o en&e! is #i5i%%+ %ia*%e is the o en&e& pa!t+. Aa!#ia e5en a&$its that he is the o en&e& pa!t+ in the #!i$ina% #ase *e#a(se the in o!$ation the!ein &es#!i*es hi$ as the o en&e& pa!t+ "ho s( e!e& &a$a)e an& p!e8(&i#e. NO E5en Peop%e v. A%a)ao/ "hi#h he #ites/ $entions the e-#eptions to the !(%e as p!o5i&e& in pa!. ( ) an& (h) o Se#. 2/ an& Se#. @ an& > o the o%& R(%e 11= viz./ (a) e-tin#tion o #!i$ina% %ia*i%it+/ an& (*) &o(*%e 8eopa!&+. 0is #%ai$ that the e-#eption o e-tin#tion #an no %on)e! *e !aise& &(e to the i$p%ie& !epea% o the o!$e! Se#tion @/ R(%e 11= o the R(%es o Co(!t o##asione& *+ its nonG!ep!o&(#tion a te! its !e5ision/ is e;(a%%+ "itho(t $e!it. No !epea%/ e-p!ess o! i$p%ie&/ o the sai& Se#tion @ e5e! too, p%a#e. 3hi%e the!e is no p!o5ision in the ne" R(%e 11= that p!es#!i*es the #ontents o a $otion to ;(ash *ase& on e-tin#tion o #!i$ina% %ia*i%it+/ Se#tion 2 the!eo en#aps(%iEes the o!$e! Se#tions ?/@/ an& > o the o%& R(%e 11=. Se#. 2/ R(%e 11= G (orm and contents. G The $otion to ;(ash sha%% *e in "!itin) si)ne& *+ the a##(se& o! his #o(nse%. It sha%% spe#i + &istin#t%+ the a#t(a% an& %e)a% )!o(n&s the!e o! an& the #o(!t sha%% #onsi&e! no )!o(n&s othe! than those state& the!ein/ e-#ept %a#, o 8(!is&i#tion o5e! the o ense #ha!)e&. It is #%ea! !o$ this Se#tion that a $otion to ;(ash $a+ *e *ase& on a#t(a% an& %e)a% )!o(n&s/ an& sin#e e-tin#tion o #!i$ina% %ia*i%it+ an& &o(*%e 8eopa!&+ a!e !etaine& as a$on) the )!o(n&s o! a $otion to ;(ash in Se#tion ? o the ne" R(%e 11=/ it ne#essa!i%+ o%%o"s that a#ts o(tsi&e the in o!$ation itse% $a+ *e int!o&(#e& to p!o5e s(#h )!o(n&s. As a $atte! o a#t/ in;(i!+ into s(#h a#ts $a+ *e a%%o"e& "he!e the )!o(n& in5o,e& is that the a%%e)ations in the in o!$ation &o not #onstit(te the o ense #ha!)e&. As a )ene!a% p!oposition the #o(!t he%& in Peop%e 5. 9e %a Rosa that a $otion to ;(ash on the )!o(n& that the a%%e)ations o the in o!$ation &o not #onstit(te the o ense #ha!)e&/ o! an+ o ense o! that $atte!/ sho(%& *e !eso%5e& on the *asis a%one o sai& a%%e)ations "hose t!(th an& 5e!a#it+ a!e h+potheti#a%%+ a&$itte&. 0o"e5e!/ as he%& in Peop%e 5. Na5a!!o/ a&&itiona% a#ts not a%%e)e& in the in o!$ation/ *(t a&$itte& o! not &enie& *+ the p!ose#(tion $a+ *e in5o,e& in s(ppo!t o the $otion to ;(ash.

2.

Neithe! $a+ the petitione! *e hea!& to #ast &o(*t on the $eanin) o his state$ents in his s"o!n #o$p%aint? i%e& *e o!e the CSC. 3e in& no hint o 5a)(eness in the$. In an+ e5ent/ he has not &enie& that he in a#t &is#o5e!e& in 19=@ that the p!i5ate !espon&ent ha& *een p!e5io(s%+ $a!!ie&.

@. NO 3e a)!ee "ith the Co(!t o ?. Appea%s that these

t!ips a*!oa& &i& not #onstit(te the 6a*sen#e6 #onte$p%ate& in A!ti#%e 91. These t!ips "e!e *!ie / an& in e5e!+ #ase A&e%a !et(!ne& to the Phi%ippines. <esi&es/ these "e!e $a&e %on) a te! the Aa!#ia &is#o5e!e& the o ense an& e5en i the a))!e)ate n($*e! o &a+s o these t!ips a!e #onsi&e!e&/ sti%% the in o!$ation "as i%e& "e%% *e+on& the p!es#!ipti5e pe!io&. >0*PO*$0O1 the instant petition is 9ENIE9 o! %a#, o $e!it an& the #ha%%en)e& &e#ision o 1? Fe*!(a!+ 199> o the Co(!t o Appea%s in CAGA.R. CR No.1@?2@ is AFFIRDE9.

NO Aa!#ia #annot *e a%%o"e& to &iso"n state$ents he $a&e (n&e! oath an& in open #o(!t "hen it se!5es his p(!pose. <esi&es/ he ne5e! &enie& ha5in) )i5en the pe!tinent testi$on+. 0e &i&/ ho"e5e!/ te!$ it 5a)(e in that it "as not #%ea! "hethe! the p!io! $a!!ia)e "hi#h E()enia <a%in)it &is#%ose& to hi$ "as that ente!e& into *+ the p!i5ate !espon&ent "ith Re+na%&o O(i!o#a. It is ? These a#ts "e!e &is#o5e!e& on%+ *+ the he!ein i$$ate!ia% to "ho$ the p!i5ate !espon&ent #o$p%ainant in the +ea! 19=@ "he!e the+ sepa!ate& "as i!st $a!!ie&H "hat is !e%e5ant in this #ase is !o$ ea#h othe! *e#a(se o he! i%%i#it !e%ations "ith that the petitione! "as in o!$e& o a p!io! se5e!a% $en #ontin(e& (se o he! a%ias na$e $a!!ia)e #ont!a#te& *+ the p!i5ate !espon&ent. 69ELIA6/ "itho(t p!ope! a(tho!it+ !o$ the Co(!tsH an& #o$$ittin) a se!ies o !a(&(%ent a#tsH he! p!e5io(s $a!!ia)e to a #e!tain 6Re+na%&o O(i!o#a6 is e5i&en#e& *+ a #e!ti i#ation iss(e& *+ the Lo#a% Ci5i% Re)ist!a! o Dani%a

26

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien LOPER 5. CITM '79AE 18 SCRA 616 9iEon/ 'H O#t. 29/ 1966
in o!$ation to the e e#t that the o ense "as #o$$itte& "ithin the te!!ito!ia% 8(!is&i#tion o An)e%es Cit+ Cit+ Co(!t a $otion to ;(ash (pon the )!o(n& that sai& #o(!t ha& no 8(!is&i#tion o5e! the o ense #ha!)e&. The #o$p%ainantsU "ith the #on o!$it+ o the Cit+ Fis#a% U i%e& an opposition the!eto. Cit+ '(&)e &enie& sai& $otion to ;(ash an& !eset the a!!ai)n$ent o a%% the &e en&ants on Da!#h > o the sa$e +ea!. Petitione!s i%e& the p!esent a#tion o! certiorari an& p!ohi*ition. ISS7E 1. 3ON Cit+ Co(!t o An)e%es Cit+ ha& 8(!is&i#tion to t!+ an& &e#i&e the #!i$ina% #ase o! a%%e)e& a%si i#ation o a p!i5ate &o#($ent a%%e)e&%+ &one *+ the pa!ties na$e& in the in o e5en i the a#ts o a%si i#ation "as a%%e)e&%+ &one in Da,ati an& OC/ an& th(s o(tsi&e the 8(!is&i#tion o sai& #o(!t 2. 3ON the $otion to ;(ash "as i$p!ope!/ an& sho(%& not *e a%%o"e& sin#e *+ i%in) the sai& $otion/ the petitione!s ne#essa!i%+ ass($es the t!(th o the a%%e)ation o the

FACT S

Petitione!s N An)e%ina LopeE/ A(!o!a Vi%%aso! (hei!s o Sps. Dan(e% De8ia an& A%o!ia LaEatin) an& Ro+ Vi%%aso! (a&$inist!ato! o the intestate estate o the sai& Sps.) Petitione!s/ to)ethe! "ith the othe! hei!s o Sps. De8ia/ ente!e& into a #ont!a#t "ith T!ini&a& LaEatin o! the &e5e%op$ent an& s(*&i5ision o ? pa!#e%s o %an& *e%on) to sai& intestate estate. LaEatin t!ans e!!e& his !i)hts (n&e! the #ont!a#t to the Te!!a 9e5e%op$ent Co!po!ation. Donths %ate!/ petitione!s an& othe! #oGhei!s i%e& an a#tion in CFI OC o! the !e#ission o sai& #ont!a#t o! a%%e)e& )!oss an& "i% (% 5io%ation o its te!$s. LaEatin an& T9C i%e& "ith the Fis#a%1s O i#e o the Cit+ o An)e%es a #o$p%aint a)ainst petitione!s o! an a%%e)e& 5io%ation A!t. 1=2 in !e%ation to those o A!t. 1=1/ pa!. @/ o the RPC. A te! #on&(#tin) a p!e%i$ina!+ e-a$ination/ Cit+ Fis#a% i%e& an in o!$ation #ha!)in) petitione!s "ith the #!i$e o a%si i#ation o a p!i5ate &o#($ent (pon the a%%e)ation that the+ $a&e it appea! in the #ont!a#t $entione& that A(!o!a Vi%%aso! "as the J)(a!&ianK o the $ino! Aeo!)e De8ia an& that An)e%ina LopeE "as si$i%a!%+ the J)(a!&ianK o the $ino! A%e-an&e! De8ia/ "hen in t!(th an& in a#t the+ ,ne" that the+ "e!e not the )(a!&ians o sai& $ino!s on the &ate o the e-e#(tion o the &o#($ent. 7pon petition o the pa!ties th(s #ha!)e&/ the Cit+ Fis#a% o An)e%es !ein5esti)ate& the #ase to )i5e the$ an oppo!t(nit+ to p!esent e-#(%pato!+ e5i&en#e/ an& a te! the #on#%(sion o the !ein5esti)ation the petitioners moved for the dismissal of the case mainl on the ground that the Cit Court of 'ngeles had no (urisdiction over the offense because the private document that contained the alleged false statement of fact !as signed b them outside the territorial limits of said cit . (Da,ati an& OC) Reso%(tion o this $otion to "as &e%a+e&. The Cit+ Co(!t ha& set the #!i$ina% #ase o! a!!ai)n$entH petitione!s se#(!e& !o$ sai& #o(!t se5e!a% postpone$ents o the a!!ai)n$ent. In 5ie" o the Cit+ Fis#a%Cs #ontin(e& ai%(!e to a#t on the $otion to &is$iss the #ase/ petitione!s "ith the

?.

3ON the p!a+e! o! p!ohi*ition is p!ope!

"!its o

#e!tio!a!i an&

0EL9:RATIO -. 1O. 0t is settled la! in criminal actions that the place !here the criminal offense !as committed not onl determines the venue of the action but is an essential element of (urisdiction. $he Cit Court of 'ngeles has no (urisdiction over the offense charged. 7n&e! the p!o5isions o Se#tion 86 o the '(&i#ia!+ A#t o 19@8/ $(ni#ipa% #o(!ts ha5e o!i)ina% 8(!is&i#tion on%+ o5e! #!i$ina% o enses #o$$itte& "ithin thei! !espe#ti5e te!!ito!ia% 8(!is&i#tion. Petitione!s a!e not #ha!)e& "ith ha5in) (se& a a%si ie& &o#($ent/ in 5io%ation o the %ast pa!a)!aph o A!t. 1=2 o the RPC. $he charge against them is that of having falsified a private. 90 v. :n!ante G that the #!i$e o a%si i#ation o a p!i5ate &o#($ent &e ine& an& pena%iEe& *+ A!t. ?.@ o the Pena% Co&e (no" pa! 2/ A!ti#%e 1=2 o the RPC) is #ons($$ate& "hen s(#h &o#($ent is a#t(a%%+ a%si ie& "ith the intent to p!e8(&i#e a thi!& pe!son/ "hethe! s(#h a%si ie& &o#($ent is o! is not the!ea te! p(t to the i%%e)a% (se o! "hi#h it "as inten&e&. The a#t o a%si i#ation U the si)nin) o the &o#($ent an& the #oetaneo(s intent to #a(se &a$a)e U "as #o$$itte& an& #ons($$ate& o(tsi&e the te!!ito!ia% 8(!is&i#tion o the Cit+ o An)e%es/ an& that "hethe! the a%si ie& p!i5ate &o#($ent "as the!ea te! p(t o! not p(t to the i%%e)a% (se o! "hi#h it "as inten&e&/ o! "as si)ne& *+ the othe! #ont!a#tin) pa!t+ "ithin the te!!ito!ia% 8(!is&i#tion o the Cit+ o An)e%es is not essentia% e%e$ent o the #!i$e o a%si i#ation o the p!i5ate &o#($ent/ no! #o(%& it in an+ "a+ #han)e the a#t that the a#t o a%si i#ation #ha!)e& "as #o$$itte& o(tsi&e the te!!ito!ia% 8(!is&i#tion o An)e%es Cit+. /. 1O. $he argument of the respondents refers to the no! obsolete demurrer to an information. The $otion to ;(ash no" p!o5i&e& o! in R(%e 11= o the R(%es o Co(!t is $ani est%+ *!oa&e! in s#ope than the &e$(!!e!/ as it is not %i$ite& to &e e#ts appa!ent (pon the a#e o the #o$p%aint o! in o!$ation *(t e-ten&s to iss(es a!isin) o(t o e-t!aneo(s a#ts/ as sho"n *+ the #i!#($stan#e that/ a$on) the )!o(n&s o! a $otion to ;(ash/ Se#tion 2 o sai& R(%e p!o5i&es o! o!$e! 8eopa!&+ o! a#;(itta%/ e-tin#tion o #!i$ina% a#tion o! %ia*i%it+/ insanit+ o the a##(se& et#./ "hi#h ne#essa!i%+ in5o%5e ;(estions o a#t in the &ete!$ination o "hi#h a p!e%i$ina!+ t!ia% is !e;(i!e&. In the p!esent #ase/ the po!tion o the !e#o!& o the !ein5esti)ation "hi#h "as s(*$itte& to the !espon&ent 8(&)e o! #onsi&e!ation in #onne#tion "ith the !eso%(tion o the $otion to ;(ash sho"s *e+on& ;(estion that the o ense #ha!)e& "as #o$$itte& a! *e+on& the te!!ito!ia% 8(!is&i#tion o An)e%es Cit+. A. :2*

2=

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien
As a )ene!a% !(%e/ a #o(!t o e;(it+ "i%% not iss(e a "!it o #e!tio!a!i to ann(% an o!&e! o a %o"e! #o(!t &en+in) a $otion to ;(ash/ no! iss(e a "!it o p!ohi*ition to p!e5ent sai& #o(!t !o$ p!o#ee&in) "ith the #ase a te! s(#h &enia%/ it *ein) the !(%e that (pon s(#h &enia% the &e en&ant sho(%& ente! his p%ea o not )(i%t+ an& )o to t!ia% an&/ i #on5i#te&/ !aise on appea% the sa$e %e)a% ;(estions #o5e!e& *+ his $otion to ;(ash. In this as "e%% as in othe! 8(!is&i#tions ho"e5e!/ this is no %on)e! the ha!& an& ast !(%e. The "!its o certiorari an& p!ohi*ition/ as e-t!aGo!&ina!+ %e)a% !e$e&ies/ a!e/ in the (%ti$ate ana%+sis/ inten&e& to ann(% 5oi& p!o#ee&in)sH to p!e5ent the (n%a" (% an& opp!essi5e e-e!#ise o %e)a% a(tho!it+ an& to p!o5i&e o! a ai! an& o!&e!%+ a&$inist!ation o 8(sti#e.

>0*PO*0$0O1 8(&)$ent is he!e*+ !en&e!e& &e#%a!in) that the o ense #ha!)e& in the in o!$ation i%e& in C!i$ina% Case No. CG 2268 o the Cit+ Co(!t o An)e%es Cit+ is not "ithin the 8(!is&i#tion o sai& #o(!t an& that/ the!e o!e/ sai& #o(!t is he!e*+ !est!aine& an& p!ohi*ite& !o$ (!the! p!o#ee&in)s the!ein.

28

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien 7M 5. CA 2=6 SCRA ?=1 <e%%osi%%o/ 'H 'an. 28/ 199=
3hethe! the RTC o Dani%a a#;(i!e& 8(!is&i#tion o5e! the 5io%ations o the <o(n#in) Che#,s La" Peop%e N (1) E5en i the!e is no sho"in) o an+ e5i&en#e that the essentia% in)!e&ients too, p%a#e o! the o ense "as #o$$itte& in Dani%a/ "hat is #!iti#a% is the a#t that the #o(!t a#;(i!e& 8(!is&i#tion o5e! the esta!a #ase *e#a(se the sa$e is the p!in#ipa% o! $ain #ase an& that the #ases o! 5io%ations o the <o(n#in) Che#,s La" a!e $e!e%+ in#i&enta% to the esta!a #ase. (2)4no"%e&)e on the pa!t o the $a,e! o! &!a"e! o the #he#, o the ins( i#ien#+ o his (n&s is *+ itse% a #ontin(in) e5ent(a%it+ "hethe! the a##(se& *e "ithin one te!!ito!+ o! anothe! (?) !espon&ent !e%ies on the &o#t!ine o 8(!is&i#tion *+ esto el, it too, so$e > +ea!s o t!ia% *e o!e petitione! !aise& the iss(e o 8(!is&i#tion. 0**;2*

"'C$ *

Rosa 7+ "as e$p%o+e& as an a##o(ntant in 9on Ti$ Shippin) Co$pan+ o"ne& *+ the h(s*an& o Conso%a#ion Leon). 9(!in) Rosa1s e$p%o+$ent/ she "as !e)a!&e& *+ the Leon)s as an e i#ient an& ha!&"o!,in) e$p%o+ee. A e" $onths *e o!e she "as to )i5e *i!th/ Rosa !esi)ne&. She he%pe& he! h(s*an& $ana)e thei! %($*e! *(siness. The !ien&%+ !e%ations *et"een Rosa an& Conso%a#ion #ontin(e&. The t"o %ate! a)!ee& to o!$ a pa!tne!ship "ith Conso%a#ion to #ont!i*(te a&&itiona% #apita% o! the e-pansion o Rosa1s %($*e! *(siness an& the %atte! as in&(st!ia% pa!tne!. Va!io(s s($s o $one+ a$o(ntin) to P>.., "e!e #%ai$e& to ha5e )i5en *+ Conso%a#ion o! the *(sinessH ho"e5e! *e#a(se o the t!(st the+ ha& o! ea#h othe!/ no !e#eipt "as e5e! iss(e&.The!ea te! a %($*e! sto!e "ith "a!eho(se "as #onst!(#te& in <(%a#an/ <(%a#an/ "ith the (n&s #ont!i*(te& *+ Conso%a#ion e5i&en#e& *+ 5a!io(s !e#eipts. <(t/ (n o!t(nate%+/ the !ien&ship *et"een Conso%a#ion an& Rosa t(!ne& so(! "hen the pa!tne!ship &o#($ents "e!e ne5e! p!o#esse&. As a !es(%t/ Conso%a#ion as,e& o! the !et(!n o he! in5est$ent *(t the #he#,s iss(e& *+ Rosa o! the p(!pose "e!e &ishono!e& o! ins( i#ien#+ o (n&s. Conso%a#ion i%e& a #o$p%aint o! esta a an& o! 5io%ation o the <o(n#in) Che#,s La" *e o!e the RTC o Dani%a. 9e#. 1. N an In o!$ation o! an& se5e!a% othe! in o!$ations o! 5io%ation o <P *%). 22 "e!e i%e& a)ainst Rosa. The o enses "e!e s(*se;(ent%+ #onso%i&ate& an& t!ie& 8oint%+. RTC a#;(itte& Rosa o esta a *(t #on5i#te& he! o the #ha!)es (n&e! <P <%). 22. CA N a i!$e& the &e#ision Rosa G t!ia% #o(!t ne5e! a#;(i!e& 8(!is&i#tion o5e! the o enses (n&e! <.P. <%). 22. None o the essentia% e%e$ents #onstit(ti5e o 5io%ation o <.P. <%). 22 "as sho"n to ha5e *een #o$$itte& in the Cit+ o Dani%a. The e5i&en#e p!esente& esta*%ishe& that (a) #o$p%ainant "as a !esi&ent o Da,atiH (*) petitione! "as a !esi&ent o Ca%oo#an Cit+H (#) the p%a#e o *(siness o the a%%e)e& pa!tne!ship "as %o#ate& in Da%a*onH (&) the &!a"ee *an, "as %o#ate& in Da%a*onH an&/ (e) the #he#,s "e!e a%% &eposite& o! #o%%e#tion in Da,ati. Ta,en a%to)ethe!/ petitione! #on#%(&es that the sai& e5i&en#e "o(%& on%+ sho" that none o the essentia% e%e$ents o <.P. <%). 22 o##(!!e& in Dani%a

728>B#'$0O@ 1O It is a (n&a$enta% !(%e that o! 8(!is&i#tion to *e a#;(i!e& *+ #o(!ts in #!i$ina% #ases the o ense sho(%& ha5e *een #o$$itte& o! an+ one o its essentia% in)!e&ients too, p%a#e "ithin the te!!ito!ia% 8(!is&i#tion o the #o(!t. Te!!ito!ia% 8(!is&i#tion in #!i$ina% #ases is the te!!ito!+ "he!e the #o(!t has 8(!is&i#tion to ta,e #o)niEan#e o! to t!+ the o ense a%%e)e&%+ #o$$itte& the!ein *+ the a##(se&. F(!the!$o!e/ the 8(!is&i#tion o a #o(!t o5e! the #!i$ina% #ase is &ete!$ine& *+ the a%%e)ations in the #o$p%aint o! in o!$ation. An& on#e it is so sho"n/ the #o(!t $a+ 5a%i&%+ ta,e #o)niEan#e o the #ase. 0o"e5e!/ i the e5i&en#e a&&(#e& &(!in) the t!ia% sho" that the o ense "as #o$$itte& so$e"he!e e%se/ the #o(!t sho(%& &is$iss the a#tion o! "ant o 8(!is&i#tion. The crime o! esta!a and the violation o! ".$. "lg. ;; have to be treated as se arate o!!enses The #!i$es o esta!a an& 5io%ation o the <o(n#in) Che#,s La" a!e 2 &i e!ent o enses ha5in) &i e!ent e%e$ents an&/ ne#essa!i%+/ o! a #o(!t to a#;(i!e 8(!is&i#tion ea#h o the essentia% in)!e&ients o ea#h #!i$e has to *e satis ie&. In the #!i$e o estafa/ &e#eit an& &a$a)e a!e essentia% e%e$ents o the o ense an& ha5e to *e esta*%ishe& "ith satis a#to!+ p!oo to "a!!ant #on5i#tion. Fo! violation of the Bouncing Checks 8a!/ the e%e$ents o &e#eit an& &a$a)e a!e neithe! essentia% no! !e;(i!e&. Rathe!/ the e%e$ents o <.P. <%). 22 a!e (a) the $a,in)/ &!a"in) an& iss(an#e o an+ #he#, to app%+ to a##o(nt o! o! 5a%(eH (*) the $a,e!/ &!a"e! o! iss(e! ,no"s at the ti$e o iss(an#e that he &oes not ha5e s( i#ient (n&s in o! #!e&it "ith the &!a"ee *an, o! the pa+$ent o s(#h #he#, in (%% (pon its p!esent$entH an&/ (#) the #he#, is s(*se;(ent%+ &ishono!e& *+ the &!a"ee *an, o! ins( i#ien#+ o (n&s o! #!e&it o! "o(%& ha5e *een &ishono!e& o! the sa$e !eason ha& not the &!a"e!/ "itho(t 5a%i& !eason/ o!&e!e& the *an, to stop pa+$ent. The !e#o!&s #%ea!%+ in&i#ate that *(siness &ea%in)s "e!e #on&(#te& in a !esta(!ant in Dani%a "he!e s($s o $one+ "e!e )i5en to Rosa!H hen#e/ the a#;(isition o 8(!is&i#tion *+ the %o"e! #o(!t o5e! the esta!a #ase. The 5a!io(s #ha!)es o! 5io%ation o <.P. <%). 22 ho"e5e! a!e on a &i e!ent p%ain. $here is no scintilla of evidence to sho! that (urisdiction over the violation of B.P. Bldg. // had been ac)uired. No p!oo has *een o e!e& that the #he#,s "e!e iss(e&/ &e%i5e!e&/ &ishono!e& o! ,no"%e&)e o ins( i#ien#+ o (n&s o##(!!e& in Dani%a/ "hi#h a!e essentia% e%e$ents ne#essa!+ o! the Dani%a Co(!t to a#;(i!e 8(!is&i#tion o5e! the o ense. Violation o! ".$. "lg. ;; is a continuing o!!ense ho*ever It $a+ *e t!(e that <.P. <%). 22 is a t!ansito!+ o! #ontin(in) o ense an& s(#h *ein) the #ase the theo!+ is that a pe!son in&i#te& "ith a t!ansito!+ o ense $a+ *e 5a%i&%+ t!ie& in an+ 8(!is&i#tion "he!e the o ense "as in pa!t #o$$itte&. 0o"e5e! that ,no"%e&)e *+ the $a,e! o! &!a"e! o the a#t

29

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien
that he has no s( i#ient (n&s to #o5e! the #he#, o! o ha5in) s( i#ient (n&s is si$(%taneo(s to the iss(an#e o the inst!($ent. 3e a)ain in& no iota o p!oo on the !e#o!&s that at the ti$e o iss(e/ petitione! o! #o$p%ainant "as in Dani%a. #octrine o! %sto el not a licable Se#. ?/ R(%e 11=p!o5i&es that the a##(se& $a+ $o5e to ;(ash the #o$p%aint o! in o!$ation on an+ o the o%%o"in) )!o(n&s2 (*) that the #o(!t t!+in) the #ase has no 8(!is&i#tion o5e! the o ense #ha!)e& or over the erson o! the accused. Do!eo5e!/ (n&e! Se#. 8/ R(%e 11? it is p!o5i&e& that the ai%(!e o the a##(se& to asse!t an+ )!o(n& o a $otion to ;(ash *e o!e he p%ea&s to the #o$p%aint o! in o!$ation/ eithe! *e#a(se he &i& not i%e a $otion to ;(ash o! ai%e& to a%%e)e the sa$e in sai& $otion/ sha%% *e &ee$e& a "ai5e! o the )!o(n&s o a $otion to ;(ash/ e-#ept the )!o(n&s o %a#, o 8(!is&i#tion o5e! the o ense #ha!)e& as p!o5i&e& o! in pa!. * Se#. ?/ R(%e 11=. Rosa ti$e%+ ;(estione& the 8(!is&i#tion o the #o(!t in a $e$o!an&($ *e o!e the Re)iona% T!ia% Co(!t an& the!ea te! in s(##ee&in) p%ea&in)s. E5en i a pa!t+ ai%s to i%e a $otion to ;(ash/ he $a+ sti%% ;(estion the 8(!is&i#tion o the #o(!t %ate! on. Do!eo5e!/ these o*8e#tions $a+ *e !aise& o! #onsi&e!e& motu ro io *+ the #o(!t at an+ sta)e o the p!o#ee&in)s o! on appea%. Calimlim v. Ramirez < Ti=am v. 0ibonghano+>is an e&ce tion to the general rule In Ca%i$%i$ 5. Ra$i!eE/ the Co(!t he%& that the !(%in) in the Si*on)hano+ #ase is an e-#eption to the )ene!a% !(%e that the %a#, o 8(!is&i#tion o a #o(!t $a+ *e !aise& at an+ sta)e o the p!o#ee&in)s/ e5en on appea%. The Co(!t state& (!the! that Ti8a$ 5. Si*on)hano+ is an e-#eptiona% #ase *e#a(se o the p!esen#e o %a#hes. The Co(!t sai&2 JA !(%e that ha& *een sett%e& *+ (n;(estione& a##eptan#e an& (phe%& in &e#isions so n($e!o(s to #ite is that the 8(!is&i#tion o a #o(!t o5e! the s(*8e#t $atte! o the a#tion is a $atte! o %a" an& $a+ not *e #on e!!e& *+ #onsent o! a)!ee$ent o the pa!ties. The %a#, o 8(!is&i#tion o a #o(!t $a+ *e !aise& at an+ sta)e o the p!o#ee&in)s/ e5en on appea%. This &o#t!ine has *een ;(a%i ie& *+ !e#ent p!ono(n#e$ents "hi#h ste$$e& p!in#ipa%%+ !o$ the !(%in) in the #ite& #ase o Si*on)hano+. It is to *e !e)!ette&/ ho"e5e!/ that the ho%&in) in sai& #ase ha& *een app%ie& to sit(ations "hi#h "e!e o*5io(s%+ not #onte$p%ate& the!ein. The e-#eptiona% #i!#($stan#e in5o%5e& in Si*on)hano+ "hi#h 8(sti ie& the &epa!t(!e !o$ the a##epte& #on#ept o nonG"ai5a*i%it+ o o*8e#tion to 8(!is&i#tion has *een i)no!e& an&/ instea& a *%an,et &o#t!ine ha& *een !epeate&%+ (phe%& that !en&e!e& the s(ppose& !(%in) in Si*on)hano+ not as the e-#eption/ *(t !athe! the )ene!a% !(%e/ 5i!t(a%%+ o5e!th!o"in) a%to)ethe! the ti$eG hono!e& p!in#ip%e that the iss(e o 8(!is&i#tion is not %ost *+ "ai5e! o! *+ estoppe%.K :nstant case di!!erent !rom Ti=am v. 0ibonghano+

No 8(&)$ent has +et *een !en&e!e& *+ the t!ia% #o(!t in the p!esent #ase. As soon as the a##(se& &is#o5e!e& the 8(!is&i#tiona% &e e#t/ she &i& not ai% o! ne)%e#t to i%e the app!op!iate $otion to &is$iss. The+ ;(estione& the 8(!is&i#tion o the t!ia% #o(!t in a $e$o!an&($

*e o!e the %o"e! #o(!t. >0*PO*0$0O1 REVERSE9 an& SET ASI9E/ "itho(t p!e8(&i#e to the i%%in) o app!op!iate #ha!)es a)ainst petitione! "ith the #o(!t o #o$petent 8(!is&i#tion "hen "a!!ante&.

It "as !(%e& that the %a#, o 8(!is&i#tion ha5in) *een !aise& o! the i!st ti$e in a $otion to &is$iss i%e& a%$ost 1> +ea!s a te! the ;(estione& !(%in) ha& *een !en&e!e&/ s(#h a p%ea $a+ no %on)e! *e !aise& o! *ein) *a!!e& *+ %a#hes.

?.

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien PEOPLE 5. NAVARRO 2=9 SCRA ?9? Pan)ani*an/ '
p!e%i$ina!+ in5esti)ation !o$ !e#eipt o the #op+ o the O!&e!. a(tho!it+ to &is$iss the #o$p%aint i$$e&iate%+ i he in&s no )!o(n&s to #ontin(e "ith the in;(i!+/ othe!"ise he i%es the In o!$ation i he in&s #a(se to ho%& the !espon&ent o! t!ia%H (#) the in&in):!e#o$$en&ation o the in5esti)atin) p!ose#(to! is s(*8e#t to !e5ie" on%+ *+ the P!o5. P!os an& the a#tion o the %atte!/ *+ the Se#!eta!+ o '(sti#eH (&) "hen the Co(!t !e$an&e& the #ase to the P!os. O i#e o! the !e;(i!e& p!e%i$ina!+ in5esti)ationH the Co(!t &i5este& itse% o its #ont!o% an& 8(!is&i#tion o5e! the #aseH an& (e) the i%in) o in o!$ation is "ithin the &is#!etiona!+ a(tho!it+ o the is#a%. '(&)e Na5a!!o &enie& *oth $otions o! !e#onsi&e!ation an& !eite!ate& its p!e5io(s o!&e! to P!os. L%a)(no to #o$p%+ "ith the o!&e! o the #o(!t/ )!antin) he! 1> &a+s to #on&(#t the

"'C$ *

T:S)t. San#heE/ PC In5esti)ato! i%e& a #o$p%aint o! ;(a%i ie& the t &i!e#t%+ "ith the RTC o Na)a Cit+ a)ainst $ino! Ca!%os <a!*osa. PAO/ as #o(nse% o! <a!*osa/ i%e& a Dotion to O(ash the Co$p%aint on the )!o(n& that S)t. San#heE is not a(tho!iEe& to i%e a #o$p%aint o! in o!$ation in Co(!t. '(&)e Danio/ '!./ as p!esi&in) 8(&)e o RTC an& the pai!in) 8(&)e o '(&)e Na5a!!o/ iss(e& an o!&e! !e$an&in) the #ase o! p!e%i$ina!+ in5esti)ation an& assi)ne& the a&8(&i#ation to P!ose#(to! Ca8ot. <e o!e P!os. Ca8ot #o(%& #on&(#t the !e;(i!e& p!e%i$ina!+ in5esti)ation/ S)t. San#heE i%e& a $otion to "ith&!a" the #o$p%aint "ith the P!ose#(tion O i#e. P!os. Ca8ot iss(e& an o!&e! an& app!o5e& *+ the P!o5. P!os./ )!antin) the $otion to "ith&!a" the #o$p%aint an& o!&e!in) the !e%ease o the a##(se& !o$ &etention. A #op+ o sai& o!&e! "as (!nishe& the RTC. '(&)e Na5a!!o o!&e!e& the P!o5. P!os. an& P!os. Ca8ot to e-p%ain "h+ the+ en#!oa#he& on the 8(!is&i#tion o the #o(!t o5e! the #ase. P!os. Ca8ot e-p%aine& asse!tin) the 8(!is&i#tion o the p!ose#(to!s o i#e in the #on&(#t o p!e%i$ina!+ in5esti)ation an& that "hen the #o(!t o!&e!e& the !e#o!&s o #ase *e !e$an&e& to the O i#e o the P!ose#(to! to #on&(#t the p!e%i$ina!+ in5esti)ation/ the #o(!t &i5este& itse% o its #ont!o% an& 8(!is&i#tion o5e! the #ase. '(&)e Na5a!!o iss(e& an o!&e! settin) asi&e the o!&e! o P!os. Ca8ot an& o!&e!e& Ass. P!os. L%a)(no/ "ho "as appea!in) in he! sa%a/ to #on&(#t the !e;(i!e& p!e%i$ina!+ in5esti)ation. P!os. L%a)(no i%e a $otion o! !e#onsi&e!ation ta,in) e-#eption to the o!&e! on the )!o(n& that an+ !eso%(tion she $a+ iss(e $i)ht !(n #o(nte! "ith the p!e5io(s o!&e! o he! s(pe!io!s an& th(s !en&e! o i#e po%i#ies &iso!)aniEe&/ p!o#e&(!es &iso!&e!%+ an& #haoti#/ !es(%tin) to the e$*a!!ass$ent o the a&$inist!ation o '(sti#e. P!os. Ca8ot i%e& a $otion o! !e#onsi&e!ation a%%e)in)2 (a) that he &i& not iss(e an o!&e! o &is$issa% *(t an o!&e! )!antin) the $otion to "ith&!a". The!e o!e/ the!e is no $o!e #o$p%aint to spea, o *e o!e the #o(!tH (*) the p!ose#(to!/ in #on&(#tin) the p!e%i$ina!+ in5esti)ation/ has the e-#%(si5e po"e! an&

P!o5. P!os. i%e& a $otion to set asi&e the o!&e!s iss(e& *+ '(&)e Na5a!!o statin) (1) that she has no a(tho!it+ to &esi)nate a pa!ti#(%a! p!ose#(to! to han&%e the #aseH (2) that the #o(!t "i%% *e a#tin) "itho(t o! "ith )!a5e a*(se o &is#!etion sho(%& it insists on P!os. L%a)(no to #on&(#t the p!e%i$ina!+ in5esti)ationH an& (?) that the !e#o!& o sai& #ase *e o!"a!&e& to the P!o5. P!os.1 O i#e o! it #on&(#t the p!e%i$ina!+ in5esti)ation. A S(pp%e$enta% Dotion to "ith&!a" the #ase "as a%so i%e& so that the sa$e $a+ not !e$ain pen&in) "ith the #o(!t "hi%e the #ase is (n&e! p!e%i$ina!+ in5esti)ation. '(&)e Na5a!!o &enie& *oth $otions on the )!o(n&s that2 (1) the #ase o A*()ota% 5. Ti!o "hi#h p!ohi*its the #o(!ts !o$ appointin) a pa!ti#(%a! is#a% to #on&(#t the !e;(i!e& p!e%i$ina!+ in5esti)ation/ is not in point as the sai& #ase !e e!s to !ein5esti)ation "hi%e the instant #ase !e e!s to p!e%i$ina!+ in5esti)ationH an& (2) the #o(!t is app!ehensi5e that i the Dotion to A$en& O!&e!s a!e )!ante&/ the!e is nothin) that "i%% p!e5ent the P!o5. P!os. !o$ i$p%e$entin) the o!&e!s iss(e& *+ P!os. Ca8ot an& the %atte! "i%% 8(st a#t in #on o!$it+ "ith his p!e5io(s a#tion. P!o5. P!os.1 $otion !e#onsi&e!ation "as &enie&. Petitione! i%e& the petition see,in) the ann(%$ent o the assai%e& o!&e! o '(&)e Na5a!!o. 0**;2 Da+ a !e)iona% t!ia% #o(!t 8(&)e na$e o! &esi)nate a articular assistant p!ose#(to! to #on&(#t the p!e%i$ina!+ in5esti)ation o the #aseS 728>B#'$0O@ 1O In settin) asi&e the o!&e! o P!os. Ca8ot "hi#h )!ante& the "ith&!a"a% o the #o$p%aint/ an& s(*se;(ent%+ o!&e!in) P!os. L%a)(no to #on&(#t the !e;(i!e& p!e%i$ina!+ in5esti)ation/ 4udge 1avarro clearl encroached on an e3ecutive function. P!e%i$ina!+ in5esti)ation is an e-e#(ti5e/ not a 8(&i#ia%/ (n#tion. As the o i#e! a(tho!iEe& to &i!e#t an& #ont!o% the p!ose#(tion o a%% #!i$ina% a#tions/ a p!ose#(to! is p!i$a!i%+ !esponsi*%e o! as#e!tainin) "hethe! the!e is s( i#ient )!o(n& to en)en&e! a "e%%G o(n&e& *e%ie that an o ense has *een #o$$itte& an& that the a##(se& is p!o*a*%+ )(i%t+ the!eo . An RTC 8(&)e has no a(tho!it+ to #on&(#t a p!e%i$ina!+ in5esti)ation. This $eans that he #annot &i!e#t%+ o!&e! an assistant p!ose#(to!/ pa!ti#(%a!%+ o5e! the o*8e#tions o the %atte!1s s(pe!io!s/ to #on&(#t a p!e%i$ina!+ in5esti)ation. To a%%o" hi$ to &o so is to a(tho!iEe hi$ to $e&&%e in the e-e#(ti5e an& a&$inist!ati5e (n#tions o the p!o5in#ia% o! #it+ p!ose#(to!. The!e is a hie!a!#h+ o o i#ia%s in the p!ose#(to!+ a!$ o the e-e#(ti5e *!an#h hea&e& *+ the Se#!eta!+ o '(sti#e an& his tea$ o p!ose#(to!s. De!e s(spi#ion o! *e%ie that the sai& o i#ia%s "i%% not a&e;(ate%+ pe! o!$ thei! o i#ia% &(ties is no !eason o! the 8(&)e1s inte! e!en#e in o! &is!e)a!& o s(#h hie!a!#h+. Abugotal v. Tiro G 7n&e! P!esi&entia% 9e#!ee No. ==/ the a(tho!it+ to #on&(#t the p!e%i$ina!+ in5esti)ation o the

?1

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien
$(!&e! #ha!)e i%e& a)ainst p!i5ate !espon&ents is 5este& in the petitione! o! his assistants. As #hie o the o i#e/ petitione! has the !i)ht to &esi)nate as in a#t he &i& the assistant is#a% "ho #on&(#te& the in5esti)ation. 3hi%e it is t!(e that an assistant is#a% o! state p!ose#(to! $a+ i%e an in o!$ation on%+ in a #ase in "hi#h he hi$se% #on&(#te& the p!e%i$ina!+ in5esti)ation/ he $a+ (!the!$o!e &o so on%+ "ith the p!io! a(tho!it+ o! app!o5a% o the #it+ o p!o5in#ia% is#a% o! #hie state p!ose#(to!. These p!o5isions o %a" sho" in *o%& !e%ie the &e)!ee o #ont!o% o5e! his assistants that petitione! e-e!#ises as #hie o the o i#e. 3he!e/ ho"e5e!/ the inte!est o 8(sti#e so !e;(i!es an& the #o(!t o!&e!s a !ein5esti)ation o a #!i$ina% #ase pen&in) *e o!e it/ the #o(!t #annot at the sa$e ti$e #hoose the is#a% "ho "i%% #on&(#t the !ein5esti)ation. This is a p!e!o)ati5e 5este& in the #it+ is#a% as hea& o o i#e/ an& #e!tain%+ *e+on& the po"e!s o the #o(!t to &o P!e%i$ina!+ in5esti)ation sho(%& *e &istin)(ishe& as to "hethe! it is an in5esti)ation o! the &ete!$ination o a s( i#ient )!o(n& o! the i%in) o the in o!$ation o! it is an in5esti)ation o! the &ete!$ination o a p!o*a*%e #a(se o! the iss(an#e o a "a!!ant o a!!est. The i!st ,in& o p!e%i$ina!+ in5esti)ation is e-e#(ti5e in nat(!e. It is a pa!t o the p!ose#(tion1s 8o*. The se#on& ,in& o p!e%i$ina!+ in5esti)ation "hi#h is $o!e p!ope!%+ #a%%e& p!e%i$ina!+ e-a$ination is 8(&i#ia% in nat(!e an& is %o&)e& "ith the 8(&)e. It is t!(e that a te! a #ase has a%!ea&+ *een i%e& in #o(!t an& the #o(!t the!e*+ a#;(i!es 8(!is&i#tion o5e! it/ is#a%s as a !(%e a!e &i5este& o the po"e! to &is$iss a #!i$ina% a#tion "itho(t the #onsent o the #o(!t. 0n the case at bench, ho!ever, the #$C had not et ac)uired (urisdiction over the complaint filed directl before it b *gt. *ancheC !ho !as not a prosecutor. 1either !as he authoriCed b the Provincial Prosecutor to file such case directl !ith the respondent court. 3e a!e not pe!s(a&e& *+ '(&)e Na5a!!o1s #ontention that Abugotal app%ies on%+ to !ein5esti)ations/ an& not to p!e%i$ina!+ in5esti)ations. This &istin#tion is ins(*stantia% an& e5en ten(o(s. <oth the p!e%i$ina!+ in5esti)ation an& !ein5esti)ation a!e #on&(#te& in the sa$e $anne! an& o! the sa$e o*8e#ti5e/ that is/ to &ete!$ine "hethe! the!e e-ists Js( i#ient )!o(n& to en)en&e! a "e%% o(n&e& *e%ie that a #!i$e #o)niEa*%e *+ the Re)iona% T!ia% Co(!t has *een #o$$itte& an& that the !espon&ent is p!o*a*%+ )(i%t+ the!eo / an& sho(%& *e he%& o! t!ia%.

>0*PO*0$0O1 the petition is he!e*+ ?RA-T%#. The assai%e& O!&e!s o Respon&ent '(&)e A%o!iosa S. Na5a!!o a!e 0%T A0:#% an& A--9LL%#.

?2

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien Peop%e 5. Do!an 'an(a!+ 2=/ 192? A!a(%%o/ C.'.
"act s@ Da!#h ?1/ 1922 SC a i!$e& 8(&)$ent o CFI o Pan)asinan #on5i#tin) the a##(se& he!ein o! 5io%ation o the E%e#tion La" Da+ 2/ 1922 a##(se& i%e& a spe#ia% $otion/ alleging that the crime has prescribed under the provision of *ection =-5 of 'ct A.A. (enacted March ,, -,//)/ th(s p!a+in) o! a*so%(tion
>

The!e o!e/ as on Da!#h 9th o this +ea!/ 1922/ "hen A#t No. ?.?. "ent into e e#t/ p!o5i&in) in its se#tion =1 that o ense *e &is$isse& an& that he *e a*so%5e& !o$ the #o$p%aint. An& not on%+ that/ U the !i)ht to p!ose#(te an& p(nish the #!i$ina% ha5in) *een %ost *+ the p!es#!iption o the #!i$e e-p!ess%+ p!o5i&e& *+ the stat(te/ the *tate itself, the Eovernment through the proper court, is in dut bound to make a pronouncement to that effect.F

0ssue D -@ 3hethe! o! not the p!es#!iption p!o5i&e& in se#tion =1 o A#t ?.?. !e e!s on%+ to that a#t an& not to an+ othe!. 7eldB#atio@ NO. Sai& a#t "as a$en&ato!+ to se5e!a% p!o5isions o the E%e#tion %a"/ as s(#h A#t ?.?. !athe! than *ein) an inte)!a% pa!t o the o!$e! e%e#tion %a" is in #on8(n#tion "ith the %atte! the on%+ E%e#tion La" in o!#e 3hi%e it is t!(e that Se#.=2 p!o5i&e& that the a#t sha%% ta,e e e#t on the &ate o its app!o5a% (Da!#h 9/ 1922)/ the $eanin) o s(#h e-p!ession (e e#ti5it+) in #onne#tion "ith p!es#!iption is that prescription can be invoked from that date, as !as done b the accused, and not that such provision ma have a retroactive effect from that same date. 0ssue D/ (more crimpro relevant)@ 9hether or not such provisions ma be applied retroactivel in favor of the accused. 7eldB#atio@ :2*. 3hi%e it is a !(%e o )ene!a% app%i#ation that (n%ess the &e ense o p!es#!iption is p%ea&e& in the t!ia% #o(!t/ it "i%% *e &ee$e& to ha5e *een "ai5e& an& #annot %ate! *e !aise&/ +et this !(%e is not o a*so%(te app%i#ation in #!i$ina% #ases/ o! i the p!es#!iption o the #!i$e/ as "e%% as o the pena%t+ "he!e*+ #!i$ina% !esponsi*i%it+ is e-tin)(ishe&/ $a+/ as is the #ase he!e "ith !e)a!& to the o!$e!/ *e p!o5i&e& *+ stat(te a te! the te!$ination o a%% the p!o#ee&in)s in the t!ia% #o(!t/ as "e%% as in the appe%%ate #o(!t/ an& "hen the #ase has a%!ea&+ *een s(*$itte& o! &is#(ssion an& is a"aitin) on%+ the ina% 8(&)$entH an& i the p!es#!iption o the #!i$e is *(t the e-tin)(ish$ent o the !i)ht o the State to p!ose#(te an& p(nish the #(%p!it/ it is *e+on& ;(estion that/ on#e the State has %ost o! "ai5e& s(#h !i)ht/ the a##(se& $a+/ at an+ sta)e o the p!o#ee&in)/ as, an& $o5e that the sa$e

JO enses !es(%tin) !o$ 5io%ations o this A#t sha%% p!es#!i*e one +ea! a te! thei! #o$$ission.K 6 Deanin)/ the!e is no nee& o! an a%%e)ation *+ the a##(se& as to the p!es#!iption o the #!i$e/ the Co(!t $a+ *+ itse% !en&e! a

!es(%tin) !o$ the 5io%ations the!eo sha%% p!es#!i*e one +ea! a te! thei! #o$$ission/ the a##(se& an& the Atto!ne+G Aene!a% ha& a%!ea&+ i%e& thei! !espe#ti5e *!ie s in this #o(!t o! the p!ose#(tion o the appea% ta,en !o$ the 8(&)$ent o the #o(!t *e%o"/ an& the hea!in) o the #ase ha& a%!ea&+ *een he%&/ this #o(!t itse% / "itho(t the ne#essit+ o an+ $otion o the a##(se&/ o! o the Atto!ne+GAene!a%/ sho(%& ha5e &e#%a!e& the #!i$e in ;(estion to ha5e p!es#!i*e&/ in 5ie" o the p!o5ision o sai& se#tion. Conse;(ent%+/ as this #o(!t ha& not (p to that ti$e $a&e s(#h p!ono(n#e$ent/ the a##(se& a!e pe! e#t%+ 8(sti ie& in as,in)/ as the+ ha5e &one in thei! $otion o Da+ 2& o this +ea!/ that the o ense ha5in) p!es#!i*e&/ the+ *e a*so%5e& !o$ the #o$p%aint. This &(t+ is i$pe!ati5e (pon the #o(!ts o 8(sti#e at an+ $o$ent that the o ense appea!s to ha5e p!es#!i*e& (n&e! the p!o5ision o the %a". 3ith pa!ti#(%a! !e e!en#e to the p!esent #ase/ this #on#%(sion is ne#essa!i%+ !ea#he& !o$ the %ette! as "e%% as the spi!it o the p!o5isions o the Pena% Co&e !e%ati5e to p!es#!iption/ an& !o$ that o se#tion =1 o the a o!esai& A#t No. ?.?./ o! on#e the o ense o! the pena%t+ has p!es#!i*e&/ the State has no !i)ht to p!ose#(te the o en&e!/ o! to p(nish hi$/ an& i he has a%!ea&+ *een p(nishe&/ it has no !i)ht to #ontin(e ho%&in) hi$ s(*8e#t to its a#tion *+ the i$position o the pena%t+. The p%ain p!e#ept #ontaine& in a!ti#%e 22 o the Pena% Co&e/ &e#%a!in) the !et!oa#ti5it+ o pena% %a"s in so a! as the+ a!e a5o!a*%e to pe!sons a##(se& o a e%on+ o! $is&e$eano!/ e5en i the+ $a+ *e se!5in) senten#e/ "o(%& *e (se%ess an& n()ato!+ i the #o(!ts o 8(sti#e "e!e not (n&e! o*%i)ation to (% i%% s(#h &(t+/ i!!espe#ti5e o "hethe! o! not the a##(se& has app%ie& o! it/ 8(st as "o(%& a%so a%% p!o5isions !e%atin) to the p!es#!iption o the #!i$e an& the pena%t+. A!ti#%e 22 o the Pena% Co&e #an on%+ *e in5o,e& "hen the p!o5isions o so$e othe! pena% %a" than the p!o5isions o the Pena% Co&e a!e (n&e! #onsi&e!ation. In othe! "o!&s/ the p!o5isions o a!ti#%e 22 #an on%+ *e in5o,e& "ith !e e!en#e to so$e othe! pena% %a". It has no app%i#ation to the p!o5isions o the Pena% Co&e e-#ept in !e%ation "ith so$e othe! %a". It is not *e%ie5e&/ the!e o!e/ that the Le)is%at(!e in ena#tin) a!ti#%e = o the Pena% Co&e inten&e& to p!o5i&e that a!ti#%e 22 sho(%& not *e app%i#a*%e to spe#ia% %a"s. o 0t cannot be maintained that said article // of the Penal Code refers onl to penalties and is not applicable to appeals and proceedings, because the prescription of the crime is intimatel connected !ith that of the penalt , for the length of time fi3ed b the la! for the prescription depends upon the gravit of the offense/ as $a+ *e seen !o$ Tit%e VI o <oo, I o the Pena% Co&e/ #ontainin)/ as its hea&in) in&i#ates/ 6Aene!a% P!o5isions Re)a!&in) Fe%onies an& Dis&e$eano!s/ the Pe!sons Lia*%e an& the Pena%ties/6 "itho(t &istin)(ishin) *et"een the pena%ties an& the

&e#ision a*so%5in) a &e en&ant *e#a(se o p!es#!iption. (7S 5. Ra$a)

??

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien
e-tin)(ishin) o the #!i$ina% !esponsi*i%it+ &ea%t "ith in sai& Tit%e VI o sai& <oo,/ "hi#h tit%e #o$es ne-t to Tit%e V/ t!eatin) o the pena%ties in#(!!e& *+ those "ho e5a&e se!5i#e o senten#e an& those "ho/ "hi%e se!5in) senten#e/ o! a te! ha5in) *een #on5i#te& *+ a ina% 8(&)$ent not +et se!5e&/ #o$$it so$e othe! #!i$e. An& asi&e !o$ this inti$ate #onne#tion *et"een the p!es#!iption o the #!i$e an& that o the pena%t+/ a statute declaring the prescription of the crime has no other ob(ect and purpose than to prevent or annul the prosecution of the offender and, in the last anal sis, the imposition of the penalt . Do!eo5e!/ i the p!o5isions !e%ati5e to the p!es#!iption o o"ne!ship an& to the p!es#!iption o a#tions in #i5i% $atte!s a!e pa!t o the #i5i% %a"/ it #annot *e &enie& that the p!o5isions !e%ati5e to the p!es#!iption o #!i$es an& o pena%ties a!e pena% %a"s o! o!$ pa!t the!eo .

*O, 0* P#2*C#0P$0O1 *;B*$'1$0?2 O# P#OC2>;#'8G @ith regard to the )uestion *hether rescri tion must be considered as a matter o! rocedural or !ormal la*5 or as a substantive la* !or the ur ose o! the retroactivit+ o! la*s5 *e must state5 *ith re!erence to the resent case5 that the rescri tion rovided in section 13 o! Act -o. ABAB is o! the nature both o! a substantive la*5 in so !ar as it gives a erson accused o! an+ o! the crimes therein re!erred to5 the right not to be rosecuted nor unished a!ter the la se o! the eriod o! one +ear !rom the commission o! said crimes5 *ithin *hich the criminal action must be commenced5 and o! a rocedural or ad=ective la* in so !ar as it !i&es the time *ithin *hich such action must necessaril+ be commenced in order that the rosecution ma+ be legal and the ro er enalt+ ma+ la*!ull+ be im osed. but ho*ever said rovision ma+ be considered5 the same must have a retroactive e!!ect5 as *ill be seen later on.

?@

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien Peop%e 5. Sa%i#o O#to*e! 1?/ 19@9 Fe!ia/ '.
Fa#t s2 CFI o O##i&enta% Ne)!os &is$isse& the #o$p%aint o! ho$i#i&e a)ainst &e en&ant on the )!o(n& that it "as not a*%e to p!o5e that the o ense "as #o$$itte& "ithin its te!!ito!ia% 8(!is&i#tion= Iss(e2 3hethe! this appea% "o(%& p%a#e the &e en&ant in &o(*%e 8eopa!&+. 0e%&:Ratio2 NO. 1. <+ the &is$issa% o the #ase *+ the #o(!t *e%o" (pon $otion o the &e en&ant/ the %atte! has not *een in 8eopa!&+ Se#tion 9/ R(%e 11?8 *asi#a%%+ states that "hen a &e en&ant "hen a &e en&ant has *een #on5i#te& o! a#;(itte& o! the #ase a)ainst hi$ is &is$isse& o! othe!"ise te!$inate& "itho(t his e& ress consent/ (pon a 5a%i& #o$p%aint o! in o!$ation *+ a #o(!t o #o$petent 8(!is&i#tion an& a te! he has p%ea&e& to the #ha!)e/ the #on5i#tion o! a#;(itta% o the &e en&ant o! the &is$issa% o the #ase sha%% *e a *a! to anothe! p!ose#(tion o! the sa$e o ense. <(t "hen the #ase i& &is$isse& *ith the e& ress consent o the &e en&ant/ the &is$issa% "i%% not *e a *a! to anothe! p!ose#(tion o! the sa$e o enseH *e#a(se/ his a#tion in ha5in) the #ase &is$isse& #onstit(tes a "ai5e! o his #onstit(tiona% !i)hts o! p!i5i%e)e/ o! the !eason that he the!e*+ p!e5ents the #o(!t !o$ p!o#ee&in) to the t!ia% on the $e!its an& !en&e!in) a 8(&)$ent o #on5i#tion a)ainst hi$. Co(!t #ite&2 R(%in) Case La" an& A$e!i#an '(!isp!(&en#eH Ca!!o% 5. StateH C!ai) 5. 7S Vi#to!ias is "ithin Ne)!os O##. N st(pi&/ $(#hS 8 (ormer conviction or ac)uittal or !ormer =eo ard+. G 3hen a &e en&ant sha%% ha5e *een #on5i#te& o! a#;(itte&/ o! the #ase a)ainst hi$ &is$isse& o! othe!"ise te!$inate& "itho(t the e-p!ess #onsent o a &e en&ant/ *+ a #o(!t o #o$petent 8(!is&i#tion/ (pon a 5a%i& #o$p%aint o! in o!$ation o! othe! o!$a% #ha!)e s( i#ient in o!$ an& s(*stan#e to s(stain a #on5i#tion/ an& a te! the &e en&ant ha& p%ea&e& to the #ha!)e/ the #on5i#tion o! a#;(itta% o the &e en&ant o! the &is$issa% o the #ase sha%% *e a *a! to anothe! p!ose#(tion o! the o ense #ha!)e&/ o! o! an+ atte$pt to #o$$it the sa$e o! !(st!ation the!eo / o! o! an+ o ense "hi#h ne#essa!i%+ in#%(&es o! is ne#essa!i%+ in#%(&e& in the o ense #ha!)e& in the #o$p%aint o! in o!$ation.

2.

The appea% *+ the p!ose#(tion in the p!esent #ase "o(%& not p%a#e the &e en&ant in &o(*%e =eo ard+. As a ne#essa!+ #o!o%%a!+ o the a*o5e #on#%(sion that the &e en&ant not *een in 8eopa!&+ in the #o(!t *e%o"/ *e#a(se the #ase "as &is$isse& (pon the &e en&antCs o"n $otion/ this appea% *+ the p!ose#(tion "o(%& not p%a#e the &e en&ant in &o(*%e 8eopa!&+/ sin#e a pe!son "ho has not *een on#e/ #annot *e p(t t"i#e in 8eopa!&+.

As in/ %ite!a%%+/ the+ &i&n1t ,no" "hethe! the $(ni#ipa%it+ o

=

<esi&es/ (n&e! se#tion 2/ R(%e 118 o the R(%es o Co(!t the p!ose#(tion $a+ appea% *e#a(se the &e en&ant "o(%& not *e p%a#e& in &o(*%e 8eopa!&+/ not on%+ "hen the &e en&ant has not +et *een p%a#e& in 8eopa!&+ in the #o(!t *e%o"/ *(t a%so "hen/ a%tho()h a &e en&ant ha& a%!ea&+ *een in o!$e! 8eopa!&+/ the appea% *+ the p!ose#(tion "o(%& no p%a#e hi$ in &an)e! a)ain o *ein) #on5i#te& *+ the appe%%ate #o(!t *+ the sa$e o ense/ *e#a(se the ;(estion o! the appe%%ate #o(!t to &e#i&e is not the )(i%t o! inno#en#e o the &e en&ant. o Fo! e-a$p%e/ "hen a te! a 8(&)$ent o #on5i#tion !en&e!e& *+ the %o"e! #o(!t ha& *e#o$e ina% the #o(!t !e#onsi&e!s its &e#ision an& !en&e!s anothe! a#;(ittin) the &e en&ant/ in "hi#h the ;(estion !aise& in the appea% is not the )(i%t o! inno#en#e o the appe%%ee/ *(t the 8(!is&i#tion o the #o(!t to !en&e! the se#on& 8(&)$ent. Or, as in the present case, !hen the )uestion involved in the appeal is !hether or not the lo!er court erred in dismissing the case on the ground that the evidence for the prosecution does not sho! that the place !here the offense !as committed !as !ithin the territorial (urisdiction of the court. $his court b reversing the appealed decision in such cases cannot convict the appellee, but onl remand the case to the lo!er court for further proceeding. The a#t that the %o"e! #o(!t has to p!o#ee& to the t!ia% o the #ase a)ainst the &e en&ant on the $e!its an& $a+ a te! the t!ia% eithe! a#;(it o! #on5i#t hi$/ "o(%& not p%a#e the &e en&ant in &o(*%e 8eopa!&+/ *e#a(se the (!the! p!o#ee&in) *+ the #o(!t *e%o" is not a ne" t!ia% o a #ase a)ainst the &e en&ant/ *(t a $e!e #ontin(ation o the o!$e! t!ia% in o!&e! that the %o"e! #o(!t $a+ &e#i&e the #ase on the $e!its o! the )(i%t o! inno#en#e o the &e en&ant.

not motu ro rio &is$iss the appea%. The p!o5ision o se#tion 2/ R(%e 118/ #an not *e #onst!(e& to $ean that this Co(!t #an not ente!tain an appea% *+ the p!ose#(tion e5en i the

?.

Ass($in) arguendo that the &e en&ant ha& *een a%!ea&+ in 8eopa!&+ in the #o(!t *e%o" an& "o(%& *e p%a#e& in the &o(*%e 8eopa!&+ *+ the appea%/ the &e en&ant has "ai5e& his #onstit(tiona% !i)ht not to *e p(t in &an)e! o *ein) #on5i#te& t"i#e o! the sa$e o ense. Ass($in)/ arguendo/ that the &e en&ant ha& *een a%!ea&+ in 8eopa!&+ in the #o(!t *e%o" an& that appea% "o(%& p(t hi$ in &o(*%e 8eopa!&+/ it is "e%% sett%e& in this 8(!is&i#tion that the !i)ht o the &e en&ant not to *e p(t t"i#e in 8eopa!&+ is &ee$e& "ai5e& i not set (p in ti$e as a &e ense o! )!o(n& o! a $otion to &is$iss. As the &e en&ant has not set (p sai& !i)ht o! o*8e#te& on that )!o(n& to the appea% *+ the p!ose#(tion/ this #o(!t #an not motu ro rio &is$iss the appea%/ in the sa$e "a+ that i the &e en&ant appea%s !o$ a 8(&)$ent o #on5i#tion/ "ai5in) his !i)ht not to *e p(t t"i#e in 8eopa!&+/ the appe%%ate #o(!t #an

?>

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien
&e en&ant has "ai5e& his !i)ht to o*8e#t to the appea% on the )!o(n& that it "o(%& p%a#e hi$ in &o(*%e 8eopa!&+H *e#a(se the Con)!ess has no po"e! to $a,e the 8(&)$ent o the Co(!t o Fi!st Instan#e (nappea%a*%e *+ the $e!e a#t that the &e en&ant ha& a%!ea&+ *een in 8eopa!&+/ inas$(#h as se#tion 2/ A!ti#%e VIII/ o the Constit(tion p!o5i&es that the Con)!ess $a+ not &ep!i5e the S(p!e$e Co(!t o its appe%%ate 8(!is&i#tion to !e5ie" on appea% a%% ina% &e#isions an& o!&e!s o the in e!io! #o(!ts in a%% #ases in "hi#h an e!!o! o! ;(estion o %a" is in5o%5e&/ as in the p!esent #ase. <esi&es/ se#tion 9/ R(%e 11?/ o the R(%es o Co(!t p!o5i&es that 6"hen a &e en&ant sha%% *een #on5i#te& o! a#;(itte&/ o! the #ase a)ainst hi$ &is$isse& o! othe!"ise te!$inate& "itho(t the e-p!ess #onsent o the &e en&ant *+ a #o(!t o #o$petent 8(!is&i#tion (pon a 5a%i& #o$p%aint o! in o!$ation . . . an& a te! the &e en&ant has p%ea&e& to the #ha!)e/ the #on5i#tion o! a#;(itta% o the &e en&ant o! the &is$issa% o the #ase shall be a bar to another rosecution !or the same o!!ense/ et#.6 It &oes not sa+ that it sha%% *e a *a! i the &e en&ant sets (p the &e ense o &o(*%e 8eopa!&+ in the sa$e "a+ that se#tion 2 o R(%e 118 &oes not p!o5i&e that the p!ose#(tion #annot appea% i the &e en&ant set (p the &e ense o &o(*%e 8eopa!&+H an& +et the &e en&ant sha%% ha5e to set (p that &e ense i p!ose#(te& a)ain o! the o ense/ o! othe!"ise it is &ee$e& "ai5e& an& the &e en&ant $a+ *e p!ose#(te& an& #on5i#te& o! the sa$e o ense.

?6

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien Peop%e 5. Cit+ Co(!t o Dani%a <!. VI Septe$*e! 2@. 198= Pa&i%%a/ '.
Fa#t s2 2 in o!$ations "e!e i%e& a)ainst A)apito AonEa%es an& Ro*e!to Pan)i%inan2 the i!st o! 5io%ation o Se#tion = 9/ in !e%ation to Se#tion 111./ o RA ?.6./ the 2 n& o! 5io%ation o A!t 2.1(?) o RPC11 '(&)e/ (pon $otion o a##(se& to ;(ash in o!$ation/ &is$isse& the 2n& in o!$ation on the )!o(n& o &o(*%e 8eopa!&+. Iss(e2 3hethe! o! not the 2 in o!$ation #a(ses &o(*%e 8eopa!&+. 6eoples contention2 The a##(se& #o(%& not in5o,e the #onstit(tiona% )(a!antee a)ainst &o(*%e 8eopa!&+/ "hen the!e ha& *een no #on5i#tion/ a#;(itta%/ &is$issa% o! te!$ination o #!i$ina% p!o#ee&in)s in anothe! #ase o! the same o!!ense. The !espon&ent/ on the othe! han&/ a!)(es that #on5i#tion o! a#;(itta% in/ o! &is$issa% o! te!$ination o a i!st #ase is not ne#essa!+/ so %on) as he ha& *een p(t in 8eopa!&+ o *ein) #on5i#te& o! a#;(itte& in the i!st #ase o the sa$e o ense. 0e%&:Ratio2 NO. It is a sett%e& !(%e that to !aise the &e ense o &o(*%e 8eopa!&+/ th!ee !e;(isites $(st *e p!esent2 (1) a i!st The %i#ense to ope!ate the $o5ie theate! o! te%e5ision sha%% a%so *e !e5o,e&. An+ othe! ,in& o 5io%ation sha%% *e p(nishe& *+ i$p!ison$ent o not %ess than one $onth no! $o!e than th!ee $onths o! a ine o not %ess than one h(n&!e& pesos no! $o!e than th!ee h(n&!e& pesos/ o! *oth at the &is#!etion o the #o(!t. In #ase the 5io%ation is #o$$itte& *+ a #o!po!ation/ pa!tne!ship o! asso#iation/ the %ia*i%it+ sha%% &e5o%5e (pon the p!esi&ent/ $ana)e!/ a&$inist!ato!/ o! an+ o i#e the!eo !esponsi*%e o! the 5io%ation. Those "ho in theate!s/ ai!s/ #ine$ato)!aphs/ o! an+ othe! p%a#e open to p(*%i# 5ie"/ sha%% e-hi*it in&e#ent o! i$$o!a% p%a+s/ s#enes/ a#ts/ o! sho"sH
11

It sha%% *e (n%a" (% o! an+ pe!son o! entit+ to e-hi*it o! #a(se to *e e-hi*ite& in an+ $otion pi#t(!e theate! o! p(*%i# p%a#e/ o! *+ te%e5ision "ithin the Phi%ippines an+ $otion pi#t(!e/ in#%(&in) t!ai%e!s/ sti%%s/ an& othe! pi#to!ia% a&5e!tise$ents in #onne#tion "ith $otion pi#t(!es/ not &(%+ passe& *+ the <oa!&H o! to p!int o! #a(se to *e p!inte& on an+ $otion pi#t(!e to *e e-hi*ite& in an+ theate!/ o! p(*%i# p%a#e o! *+ te%e5ision/ a %a*e% o! noti#e sho"in) the sa$e to ha5e *een p!e5io(s%+ passe& *+ the sai& <oa!& "hen the sa$e has not *een p!e5io(s%+ a(tho!iEe&/ e-#ept $otion pi#t(!es i$p!inte& o! e-hi*ite& *+ the Phi%ippine Ao5e!n$ent an&:o! its &epa!t$ents an& a)en#ies/ an& ne"s!ee%s.
9

An+ 5io%ation o Se#tion se5en o this A#t sha%% *e p(nishe& *+ i$p!ison$ent o not %ess than si- $onths *(t not $o!e than t"o +ea!s/ o! *+ a ine o not %ess than si- h(n&!e& no! $o!e than t"o tho(san& pesos/ o! *oth at the &is#!etion o the #o(!t. I the o en&e! is an a%ien he sha%% *e &epo!te& i$$e&iate%+.
1.

8eopa!&+ $(st ha5e atta#he& p!io! to the se#on&H (2) the i!st 8eopa!&+ $(st ha5e *een 5a%i&%+ te!$inate&H an& (?) the se#on& 8eopa!&+ $(st *e o! the sa$e o ense/ o! the se#on& o ense in#%(&es o! is ne#essa!i%+ in#%(&e& in the o ense #ha!)e& in the i!st in o!$ation/ o! is an atte$pt to #o$$it the sa$e o! a !(st!ation the!eo A%% these !e;(isites &o not e-ist in this #ase. The t"o (2) in o!$ations "ith "hi#h the a##(se& "as #ha!)e&/ &o not $a,e o(t on%+ one o ense/ #ont!a!+ to p!i5ate !espon&entCs a%%e)ations. In othe! "o!&s/ the o ense &e ine& in se#tion = o Rep. A#t No. ?.6. p(nishin) the e-hi*ition o $otion pi#t(!es not &(%+ passe& *+ the <oa!& o Censo!s o! Dotion Pi#t(!es &oes not in#%(&e o! is not in#%(&e& in the o ense &e ine& in A!ti#%e 2.1 (?) o the Re5ise& Pena% Co&e p(nishin) the e-hi*ition o in&e#ent an& i$$o!a% $otion pi#t(!es. $he t!o (/) offenses do not constitute a (eopard to each other. o the e%e$ents o the t"o (2) o enses a!e &i e!ent. The )!a5a$en o the o ense &e ine& in Rep. A#t No. ?.6. is the p(*%i# e-hi*ition o an+ $otion pi#t(!e *hich has not been reviousl+ assed b+ the "oard o! Censors !or Motion $ictures. The $otion pi#t(!e $a+ not *e in&e#ent o! i$$o!a% *(t i it has not *een p!e5io(s%+ app!o5e& *+ the <oa!&/ its p(*%i# sho"in) #onstit(tes a #!i$ina% o ense. A On the othe! han&/ the o ense p(nishe& in A!ti#%e 2.1 (?) o the Re5ise& Pena% Co&e is the ublic sho*ing o! indecent or immoral la+s5 scenes5 acts5 or sho*s/ not 8(st $otion pi#t(!es. o The nat(!e o *oth o enses a%so sho"s thei! essentia% &i e!en#e. The #!i$e p(nishe& in Rep. A#t No. ?.6. is a malum rohibitum in "hi#h #!i$ina% intent nee& not *e p!o5e& *e#a(se it is p!es($e&/ "hi%e the o ense p(nishe& in A!ti#%e 2.1 (?) o the Re5ise& Pena% Co&e is malum in se5 in "hi#h #!i$ina% intent is an in&ispensa*%e in)!e&ient. 0t is a cardinal rule that the protection against double (eopard ma be invoked onl for the same offense or 0dentical offense. ' single act ma offend against t!o (or more) entirel distinct and unrelated provisions of la!, and if one pro"ision re!uires proof of an additional fact or element which the other does not, an ac)uittal or conviction or a dismissal of the information under one does not bar prosecution under the other. (People v. Bacolod, +, Phil. F/-6 People v. 'lvareC, <5 Phil. /<). Phrased else!here, !here t!o different la!s (or articles of the same code) define t!o crimes, prior (eopard as to one of them is no obstacle to a prosecution of the other, although both offenses arise from the same facts, if each crime involves some important act !hich is not an essential element of the other. (People v. 'lvareC, <5 Phil. <=/).

?=

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien Peop%e 5. Pine&a Fe*!(a!+ 16/ 199? De%o/ '.
Fa#ts2 <asi#a%%+2 Conso%a#ion Na5a% so%& the s(*8e#t !ea%t+ on A()(st 12/ 1969 to E&i%*e!to I%ano "ho $a&e a pa!tia% pa+$ent o P1?./8>..... A*o(t t"o +ea!s %ate!/ o! on A()(st 1=/ 19=1/ an app%i#ation o! !e)ist!ation (n&e! the Lan& Re)ist!ation A#t "as s(*$itte& *+ Conso%a#ion "he!ein she state& that she o"ne& the sa$e %ot an& that it "as (nen#($*e!e&. Fo! those !easons/ the #o!!espon&in) tit%e "as iss(e& in he! na$e *(t she a%%e)e&%+ &ispose& o the ha% po!tion o the p!ope!t+ to nine othe! pe!sons. 0en#e she "as #ha!)e& "ith esta a an& a%si i#ation o p(*%i# &o#($ents on 2 sepa!ate in o!$ations She $o5e& to ;(ash the in o!$ation o! a%si i#ation on the )!o(n& that s(#h "as a ne#essa!+ $eans to #o$$it esta a/ an& a sepa!ate #on5i#tion "o(%& #onstit(te &o(*%e 8eopa!&+. '(&)e Pine&a )!ante& sai& petition. Iss(e2 3hethe! o! not ;(ashin) the in o!$ation "as #o!!e#t ("hethe! o! not the!e "o(%& *e &o(*%e 8eopa!&+) 0e%&:Ratio2 NO. 1. Ass($in) in gratia argumenti that a%si i#ation "as in&ee& ne#essa!+ to #o$$it esta a/ "hi#h o!&ina!i%+ #onstit(tes a #o$p%e- #!i$e (n&e! A!ti#%e @8 o the Re5ise& Pena% Co&e an& th(s s(s#epti*%e to #ha%%en)e via a $otion to ;(ash (n&e! Se#tion 2 (e)/ R(%e 11= vis,a,vis Se#tion 12/ R(%e 11. (Moran5 R(%es o Co(!t/ Vo%. @/ 198. E&./ p. @2H 2?.)/ sti%%/ it "as se!io(s e!!o! on the pa!t o the $a)ist!ate *e%o" to ha5e app!e#iate& this &is#o(!se in a5o! o p!i5ate !espon&ent sin#e this $atte! "as not spe#i i#a%%+ !aise& in the $otion to ;(ash i%e& on O#to*e! 28/ 19=> (p. 16/ Re#o!&). It "as on%+ in the $otion o! !e#onsi&e!ation "he!e p!i5ate !espon&ent p%ea&e& this a&&itiona% )!o(n& a te! he! $otion to ;(ash "as &enie& At an+ !ate/ it is 5i!t(a%%+ (na##epta*%e to s(ppose that p!i5ate !espon&ent #on#o#te& the siniste! s#he$e o a%si i#ation in 19=1 p!e#ise%+ to a#i%itate the #o$$ission o esta a in 19=? s(#h that *oth #!i$es e$anate& !o$ a sin)%e #!i$ina% i$p(%se. Othe!"ise/ an (n o(n&e& 5e!isi$i%it(&e o this nat(!e "i%% !(n a o(% "ith "hat this Co(!t a%!ea&+ o*se!5e& in $eo le vs. $enas (68 Phi%. >?? Q19?9IH 1 A)uino5 Re5ise& Pena% Co&e/ 19=6 E&./ p. >=@) to the e e#t that the e%e5en esta as th!o()h a%si i#ation "hi#h the sa$e a##(se& the!ein #o$$itte& *et"een No5e$*e! 2@/ 19?6 an& 'an(a!+ ?/ 19?= in#%(&in) the a%si i#ation "hi#h he #o$$itte& on 'an(a!+ 8/ 19?= "e!e #onsi&e!e& &istin#t o enses/ not one #o$p%e#!i$e/ *e#a(se the+ "e!e #o$$itte& on &i e!ent &ates/ not to $ention the &is#!epan#+ in p%a#es "he!e the+ "e!e a##o$p%ishe&. It "as si$i%a!%+ a%%a#io(s o! the %o"e! #o(!t to ha5e sha!e& the notion that p!i5ate !espon&ent is in &an)e! o *ein) #on5i#te& t"i#e o! the sa$e #!i$ina% a#t/ a #i!#($stan#e !e#o)niEe& (n&e! Se#tion 2(h) R(%e 11= o the O%& R(%es as s())este& in the $otion to ;(ash/ because this plea is understood to presuppose that the other case against private respondent has been

dismissed or other!ise terminated !ithout her e3press consent, b a court of competent (urisdiction, upon a valid complaint or information, and after the defendant had pleaded to the charge (Peop%e o the Phi%ippines 5e!s(s 0on. Da-i$iano C. As(n#ion/ et a%./ A.R. Nos. 8?8?=G@2/ Ap!i% 22/ 1992H 0ection 15 Rule 3315 198> R(%es on C!i$ina% P!o#e&(!e/ as a$en&e&). In the Asuncion #ase/ '(sti#e No#on sai& that2 . . . a##o!&in) to a %on) %ine o #ases/ in o!&e! that a &e en&ant $a+ s(##ess (%%+ a%%e)e o!$e! 8eopa!&+/ it is ne#essa!+ that he ha& p!e5io(s%+ *een (1) #on5i#te& o! (2) a#;(itte&/ o! (?) in 8eopa!&+ o *ein) #on5i#te& o the o ense #ha!)e&/ that is/ that the o!$e! #ase a)ainst hi$ o! the sa$e o ense has *een &is$isse& o! othe!"ise te!$inate& "itho(t his e-p!ess #onsent/ *+ a #o(!t o #o$petent 8(!is&i#tion/ (pon a 5a%i& #o$p%aint o! in o!$ation/ an& a te! the &e en&ant ha& p%ea&e& to the #ha!)e. 9ithal, the mere filing of t!o informations charging the same offense is not an appropriate basis for the invocation of double (eopard since the first (eopard has not et set in b a previous conviction, ac)uittal or termination of the case !ithout the consent of the accused (Peop%e 5s. Di!a %o!es/ 11> SCRA >86 Q1982IH Nie!!as 5s. 9a#(+#(+/ 181 SCRA 8 Q199.I) '(sti#e Os#a! 0e!!e!a/ in his *oo, 6Re$e&ia% La"6 en($e!ates the e%e$ents #onstit(ti5e o i!st 8eopa!&+/ to *it2 1. Co(!t o #o$petent 8(!is&i#tionH 2. Va%i& #o$p%aint o! in o!$ationH ?. A!!ai)n$ent @. @. Va%i& p%ea (Peop%e 5s. M%a)an/ >8 Phi%. 8>1H 8>?) >. The &e en&ant "as a#;(itte& o! #on5i#te& o! the #ase "as &is$isse& o! othe!"ise te!$inate& "itho(t the e-p!ess #onsent o the a##(se& (Peop%e 5s. 9e#%a!o/ A.R. No. 6@?62/ Fe*!(a!+ 9/ 1989/ 1=. SCRA 1@2H See a%so Peop%e 5s. Santia)o/ 1=@ SCRA 1@?H Peop%e 5s. Aines/ A.R. No. 8?@6?/ Da+ 2=/ 1991/ 19= SCRA @81H O(e 5s. Cosi#o/ 1== SCRA @1. Q1989IH Caes 5s. Inte!$e&iate Appe%%ate Co(!t/ 1=9 SCRA >@H La$e!a 5s. Co(!t o Appea%s/ 198 SCRA 186 Q1991I). (Herrera5 Re$e&ia% La"/ 1992 E&./ Vo%($e @/ p. @1=). Citin) #ases/ *oth o%& an& o !e#ent 5inta)e/ '(sti#e 0e!!e!a #ontin(es to s(*$it the i&ea that2

The i!st 8eopa!&+ is sai& to ha5e 5a%i&%+ te!$inate& (pon #on5i#tion/ a#;(itta% o! &is$issa% o the #ase o! othe!"ise te!$inate& "itho(t the e-p!ess #onsent o &e en&ant (Peop%e 5s. Aa!#ia/ ?. SCRA 1>.H Peop%e 5s. Le&es$a/ =? SCRA ==H Peop%e 5s. Pi%pa/ =9 SCRA 81H <(s#a+no 5s. Di%ita!+

?8

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien
Co$$ission/ 1.9 SCRA 2=?H Peop%e 5s. C(e5o/ 1.@ SCRA ?19H Aa%$an/ et a%. 5s. San&i)an*a+an/ A.R. No. =26=./ Septe$*e! 12/ 198=.) (Vide/ at pa)e @2?). 2. 't an rate, and inasmuch as this Court has spoken )uite recentl in 6eople "s. 3suncion, (E.#. 1os. +A+A=H</, 'pril //, -,,/), the ambiguit stirred b the imprecise observation in 6eople "s. /ity /ourt of :anila, a -,+A case, can no! be considered modified in that a prior con"iction, or ac!uittal, or termination of the case without the e$press ac!uiescence of the accused is still re!uired before the first jeopardy can be pleaded to abate a second prosecution.

?9

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien Peop%e 5. Do)o% A)((st 2@/ 198@ A(e!!e!o/ '.
Fa#ts 2 An in o!$ation o! se!io(s ph+si#a% in8(!ies "as i%e& a)ainst a##(se& E&)a!&o Ca*a%%as A te! a!!ai)n$ent (on "hi#h Ca*a%%as p%e& not )(i%t+)/ p!ose#(tion $otione& to a$en& the in o!$ation N !o$ se!io(s PI to !(st!ate& $(!&e! Nat(!a%%+/ #o(!t &enie& 0o"e5e!/ a te! the s(*$ission o e5i&en#e *+ *oth p!ose#(tion an& &e ense/ no &e#ision on the $e!its "as !en&e!e&/ *asi#a%%+ *e#a(se the #o(!t tho()ht no" that the #!i$e "as in&ee& !(st!ate& $(!&e! an& not se!io(s PI/ to "it2 @hile considering the evidence o! this case the court realized that the evidence on the in=uries sustained b+ the accused and the circumstances surrounding the in!liction thereo! over*helmingl+ oint to the conclusion that the intention o! the assailant *as to in!lict more than =ust in=uries. Hence5 the court is restricted b+ *hat it considers a legal obstacle to the validit+ o! *hatever =udgement it renders5 because *hether it be one o! ac)uittal or conviction , it shall have so ordered on a case outside its =urisdiction. The evidence is ositive and uncontradicted that the erson *ho in!licted the stab *ounds on %rnesto 0andoval had evidentl+ not b+ accident but b+ design5 *alked *ith the victim !rom a certain oint on Real 0treet u to some >BB meters there!rom *hich is another s ot on a )uite un!re)uented side streetC that it *as in that s ot *here the victim *as stabbed !our times5 t*o o! *hich hit the victim , one5 on the abdominal region and another D enetrating and er!orating the osterior abdominal *all cutting the terminal ortion o! the 3Bth ribDC that this *as at about 1.BB oEclock in the evening o! #ecember 32135 at *hich time it must have been dark alread+C that the victim *as alone5 and that the attack *as sudden and treacherous. :t has also been sho*n that the kni!e used b+ the assonant measures about 6 inches in lengthC that the victim *as not able to *alk b+ himsel! a!ter having been stabbed but that he had to be carried to the hos ital and that *hile there5 the victim almost lost consciousness. "+ the medical certi!icate issued b+ a h+sician o! the hos ital 'Magsa+sa+ Memorial Hos ital5 Lo ez5 The roceedings in the case5 ho*ever5 ma+ not be considered to have been rendered useless because b+ it 8uezonF the duration o! treatment has been laced at AB da+s. The Court believes that the !oregoing evidence *ould su ort rima !acie a com laint !or the crime o! !rustrated murder and5 as stated5 revents it !rom rendering =udgment in this case. :t cannot even rule that the arties have *aived the )uestion o! =urisdiction having roceeded *ith the trial o! the case u to its termination as this *ould be legall+ erroneous.

more than b+ a mere reliminar+ investigation5 the court has arrived at a better su orted !inding that the ro er com laint should have been !or !rustrated murderC that the crime o! !rustrated murder has been committed and that there is reason to believe that the accused %dgardo Caballas might have been the one *ho had committed the same. I, 5I(* +; 344 T.( ;+2(9+I,9, this case is hereby dismissedto gi"e way to the filing of a complaint for frustrated murder. 0ince the roceedings !rom the reliminar+ e&amination u to the conclusion o! the trial hereo! has amounted to a com liance *ith the re)uirements o! a reliminar+ investigation !irst and second stage5 let the records hereo! be !or*arded to the Court o! (irst :nstance at Calauag5 8uezon5 under the =urisdiction o! *hich court the case !or !rustrated murder ertains5 through the o!!ice o! the $rovincial (iscal so that the latter ma+ act on this case and !ile the corres onding com laint as above, recommended. So/ a ne" in o:#o$p%aint o! !(st!ate& $(!&e! "as i%e& Iss(e2 3:N the ne" in o #onstit(tes &o(*%e 8eopa!&+ 0e%&:Ratio2 NO. In the #ase o Jaca vs. "lanco/ 86 Phi%. @>2 (19>.)/ this Co(!t he%& that2 ... the &is$issa% #onte$p%ate& in the a*o5eG;(ote& se#tion o the !(%e (!e e!!in) to Se#tion 9. R(%e 11? o the o%& R(%es o Co(!t/ no" Se#tion 9/ R(%e 11= o the Re5ise& R(%es o Co(!t) is a &e inite o! (n#on&itiona% &is$issa% "hi#h te!$inates the #ase/ an& not a &is$issa% "itho(t p!e8(&i#e as in the p!esent #ase. In the a*sen#e o an+ stat(to!+ p!o5ision to the #ont!a!+/ "e in& no !eason "h+ the #o(!t $a+ not/ in the inte!est o 8(sti#e/ &is$iss a #!i$ina% #ase p!o5isiona%%+/ i.e./ "itho(t p!e8(&i#e to !einstatin) it *e o!e the o!&e! *e#o$e ina% o! to the s(*se;(ent i%in) o a ne" in o!$ation o! the sa$e o ense. (Pa)e @>@.) The Jaca !(%in) "as !eite!ate& in $eo le vs. Manla as et al.5 LG1=99?/ A()(st 2@/ 1962/ > SCRA 88?/ 88=H Re ublic vs. Agoncillo5 et al./ LG2=2>=/ A()(st ?1/ 19=1/ @. SCRA >=9/ >8=H an& $eo le vs. Hon. 0urtida5 et al.5 LG2@@2./ 'an(a!+ 26/ 19=2/ @? SCRA 29/ ?=. Do!eo5e!/ as state& in the a o!e$entione& #ase o Re ublic vs. Agoncillo5 et al. (su ra5 p. >88)2 ... the a(tho!itati5e p!ono(n#e$ent in the ... #ase o Peop%e 5s. O*sania (LG2@@@=/ '(ne 29/ 1968/ 2? SCRA 12@9)/ "ith '(sti#e Cast!o as ponente/ ha& $a&e #%ea! *e+on& &o(*t that

@.

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien
o! &is$issa% to *e a *a! (n&e! the 8eopa!&+ #%a(se o the Constit(tion/ it $(st ha5e the e e#t o an a#;(itta% Th(s2 6The appea%e& o!&e! o &is$issa% in this #ase no" (n&e! #onsi&e!ation &i& not te!$inate the a#tion on the $e!its/ "he!eas in C%o!i*e% an& in the othe! !e%ate& #ases the &is$issa% a$o(nte& to an a#;(itta% *e#a(se the ai%(!e to p!ose#(te p!es(ppose& that the Ao5e!n$ent &i& not ha5e a #ase a)ainst the a##(se&/ "ho in the i!st p%a#e/ is p!es($e& inno#ent.6 $here can be no )uestion, as indeed it is )uite clear, that in the case at bar, the Order of dismissal issued b the Municipal Court did not actuall terminate or put an end to the prosecution against herein private respondent for the felonious act he !as alleged to have committed. On the contrar , the dispositive portion of said Order e3pressl directed that the records of the case be for!arded to the Court of "irst 0nstance so that the Office of the Provincial "iscal could file a complaint for frustrated murder. 0n an case, the dismissal Order !as 1O$ legal and valid. o 3e ho%& an& !(%e that !espon&ent '(&)e e!!e& in &is$issin) the #ase o! se!io(s ph+si#a% in8(!ies 6to )i5e "a+ to the i%in) o a #o$p%aint o! !(st!ate& $(!&e!.6 Fo! it is the &(t+ o the !espon&ent '(&)e to !en&e! the &e#ision as the e5i&en#e p!esente& "a!!ant (n&e! the in o!$ation as i%e& o! se!io(s ph+si#a% in8(!ies/ an& not &is$iss the #ase on his I&ea o! *e%ie that the!e "as e5i&en#e o intent to ,i%% the inten&e& 5i#ti$. The '(&)e #o$$itte& )!a5e a*(se o &is#!etion a$o(ntin) to e-#ess o 8(!is&i#tion the!e*+ !en&e!in) his O!&e! o No5e$*e! 29/ 19=2 n(%% an& 5oi&. o Since the order of dismissal was without authority and, therefore, null and "oid, the proceedings before the :unicipal /ourt ha"e not been lawfully terminated, 3ccordingly, there is no second proceeding to speak of and no double jeopardy. 3 continuation of the proceedings against the accused for serious physical injuries is in order.

@1

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien Es$eFa 5. Po)o+ Fe*!(a!+ 2./ 1981 A;(ino/ '.
Fa#ts2 A )!a5e #oe!#ion #ase "as i%e& a)ains Es$eFa/ et. a%. o! ha5in) a%%e)e&%+ o!#e& Re5.F!. Tho$as Ti*(&an to "ith&!a" P>/... *e#a(se the p!iest %ost it in a )a$e o #a!&s. <e#a(se o $an+ &i e!ent !easons12/ the hea!in) "as !eset $an+ ti$es/ (nti% the !espon&ent 8(&)e (siguro na ikon) iss(e& an o!&e! settin) the t!ia% Jfor the last time on 'ugust -F, -,=AIJ 0o"e5e!/ on sai& &ate/ p!iest "as a%%e)e&%+ si#,/ an& a)ain $otione& to !eset the &ate. Co(nse% o! a##(se& oppose& an& invoked the right of the accused to have a speed trial Respon&ent 8(&)e p!o5isiona%%+ &is$isse& the #ase as to the o(! a##(se& "ho "e!e p!esent *e#a(se it 6has *een &!a))in) a%% a%on) an& the a##(se& a!e !ea&+ o! the hea!in)6 *(t the is#a% "as not !ea&+ "ith his "itness. The #o(!t note& that the!e "as no $e&i#a% #e!ti i#ate in&i#atin) that the #o$p%ainant "as !ea%%+ si#,. "ent+Gse5en &a+s %ate!/ o! on Septe$*e! 12/ 19=9/ the is#a% i%e& a $otion o! the !e5i5a% o the #ase. 0e atta#he& to his $otion a $e&i#a% #e!ti i#ate (n&e! oath attestin) to the a#t that Fathe! Ti*(&an "as si#, o in %(enEa on A()(st 16/ 19=9 Iss(e2 3:N the !e5i5a% o the #ase "o(%& p%a#e the a##(se& in &o(*%e 8eopa!&+ 0e%&:Ratio2 MES. In o!&e! that %e)a% 8eopa!&+ $a+ e-ist/ the!e sho(%& *e (a) a 5a%i& #o$p%aint o! in o!$ation (*) *e o!e a #o(!t o #o$petent 8(!is&i#tion an& (#) the a##(se& has *een a!!ai)ne& an& has p%ea&e& to the #o$p%aint o! in o!$ation. 3hen these th!ee #on&itions a!e p!esent/ the a#;(itta% o! #on5i#tion o the a##(se& o! the &is$issa% o! te!$ination o the #ase "itho(t his e-p!ess #onsent #onstit(tes res =udicata an& is a *a! to anothe! p!ose#(tion o! the o ense #ha!)e&/ o! o! an+ atte$pt to #o$$it the sa$e o! !(st!ation the!eo / o! o! an+ o ense "hi#h ne#essa!i%+ in#%(&es o! is in#%(&e& the!ein (@ Do!anCs Co$$ents on the R(%es o Co(!t/ 198. E&./ p. 2@.). P!e5io(s a#;(itta% 'autre!ois ac)uit)/ p!e5io(s #on5i#tion 'autre!ois convict) o! the &is$issa% o! te!$ination o the #ase *ithout his consent p!e#%(&es his s(*se;(ent in&i#t$ent o! the sa$e o ense as &e ine& in se#tion 9 0n the instant case, !e hold that the petitioners !ere placed in (eopard b the provisional dismissal of the grave coercion case. $hat provisional dismissal !ould O!i)ina% &ate2 1...@.19=8 Reason V 12 p!iest !e;(este& N !eset on 12.1?.=8 Reason V 22 a##(se& not &(%+ noti ie& A!!ai)ne& on .1.2?.=9 NO TRIAL N p!iest a*sent <EST REASON OF ALL2 "0*C'8 8O*$ #2CO#> O" C'*2 Wapp%a(seW GG hea!in) on .6.19.=9 $o5e& a)ain. X,a+a a+(n/ napi,on na si 8(&)e.Y
12

not have place the petitioners in (eopard if respondent (udge had taken the precaution of making sure that the dismissal !as !ith their consent. 0n this case, it is not ver clear that the petitioners consented to the dismissal of the case. o It is the p!a#ti#e o so$e 8(&)es *e o!e iss(in) an o!&e! o p!o5isiona% &is$issa% in a #ase "he!ein the a##(se& ha& a%!ea&+ *een a!!ai)ne& to !e;(i!e the a##(se& an& his #o(nse% to si)n the $in(tes o the session o! an+ a5ai%a*%e pa!t o the !e#o!& to sho" the #on o!$it+ o the a##(se& o! his %a#, o o*8e#tion to the p!o5isiona% &is$issa%. o The 8(&)e spe#i ies in the o!&e! o p!o5isiona% &is$issa% that the a##(se& an& his #o(nse% si)ni ie& thei! assent the!eto. That p!o#e&(!e %ea5es no !oo$ o! &o(*t as to the #onsent o the a##(se& an& p!e#%(&es 8eopa!&+ !o$ atta#hin) to the &is$issa%. The petitione!s "e!e insistin) on a t!ia%. The+ !e%ie& on thei! #onstit(tiona% !i)ht to ha5e a spee&+ t!ia%. The is#a% "as not !ea&+ *e#a(se his "itness "as not in #o(!t. Respon&ent 8(&)e on his o"n 5o%ition p!o5isiona%%+ &is$isse& the #ase. The petitione!s &i& not e-p!ess%+ $ani est thei! #on o!$it+ to the p!o5isiona% &is$issa%. 0en#e/ the &is$issa% p%a#e& the$ in 8eopa!&+. E5en i the petitione!s/ a te! in5o,in) thei! !i)ht to a spee&+ t!ia%/ $o5e& o! the &is$issa% o the #ase an&/ the!e o!e/ #onsente& to it/ the &is$issa% "o(%& sti%% p%a#e the$ in 8eopa!&+. The (se o the "o!& 6p!o5isiona%6 "o(%& not #han)e the %e)a% e e#t o the &is$issa% (Es)(e!!a 5s. 9e %a Costa/ 66 Phi%. 1?@H Aan&i#e%a 5s. L(te!o/ 88 Phi%. 299) I the &e en&ant "ants to e-e!#ise his #onstit(tiona% !i)ht to a spee&+ t!ia%/ he sho(%& as,/ not o! the &is$issa%/ *(t o! the t!ia% o the #ase. A te! the p!ose#(tionCs $otion o! postpone$ent o the t!ia% is &enie& an& (pon o!&e! o the #o(!t the is#a% &oes not o! #annot p!o&(#e his e5i&en#e an&/ #onse;(ent%+/ ai%s to p!o5e the &e en&antCs )(i%t/ the #o(!t (pon &e en&antCs $otion sha%% &is$iss the #ase/ s(#h &is$issa% a$o(ntin) to an a#;(itta% o the &e en&ant6 (@ Do!anCs Co$$ents on the R(%es o Co(!t/ 198. E&./ p. 2.2/ #itin) Aan&i#e%a 5s. L(te!o/ 88 Phi%. 299/ ?.= an& Peop%e 5s. 9iaE/ 9@ Phi%. =1@G=1=). The &is$issa% o a #!i$ina% #ase (pon $otion o the a##(se& *e#a(se the p!ose#(tion "as not p!epa!e& o! t!ia% sin#e the #o$p%ainant an& his "itnesses &i& not appea! at the t!ia% is a &is$issa% e;(i5a%ent to an a#;(itta% that "o(%& *a! (!the! p!ose#(tion o the &e en&ant o! the sa$e o ense (Sa%#e&o 5s. Den&oEa/ LG@9?=>/ Fe*!(a!+ 28/ 19=9/ 88 SCRA 811H La)(ni%ia 5s. 0on. Re+es/ et#. an& Dotas/ 111 Phi%. 1.2. #itin) Peop%e 5s. Ta#nen)/ 1.> Phi%. 1298 an& Peop%e 5s. Ro*%es/ 1.> Phi%. 1.16. See Ta%a&(a 5s. O#hoto!ena/ LG2>>9>/ Fe*!(a!+ 1>/ 19=@/ >> SCRA >28H A#e*e&o 5s. Sa!$iento/ LG 28.2>/ 9e#e$*e! 16/ 19=./ ?6 SCRA 2@=H <aesa 5s. P!o5in#ia% Fis#a% o Ca$a!ines S(!/ LG?.?6?/ 'an(a!+ ?./ 19=1/ ?= SCRA @?=H Peop%e 5s. C%o!i*e%/ 12. Phi%. ==>H Peop%e 5s. A*aFo 9= Phi%. 28H Peop%e 5s. La*atete/ 1.= Phi%. 69=)

@2

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien Peop%e 5. Vi%%a%on 9e#e$*e! 21/ 199. Re)a%a&o/ '.
Fa#t s2 Fe&e!i#o &e A(E$an "as #ha!)e& "ith esta a th!o()h a%si i#ation o p(*%i# &o#($ents o! a%%e)e&%+ o!)in) the si)nat(!e o Ca!!e!a to $a,e it appea! that the o!$e! "as $a&e the %atte!1s atto!ne+GinG a#t/ an& s(*se;(ent%+ $o!t)a)in) the pa!#e% o %an& "hi#h Ca!!e!a o"ns. 9e A(E$an !aise& the iss(e o p!es#!iption N he #%ai$s that the #!i$e has p!es#!i*e& sin#e $o!e than 1. +ea!s has e%apse& !o$ the ti$e the #!i$e "as #o$$itte&. '(&)e Vi%%a%on &is$isse& the #o$p%aint on *asis o p!es#!iption Iss(e2 3:N this appea% *+ the peop%e "o(%& #onstit(te &o(*%e 8eopa!&+. 0e%&:Ratio2 NO. $$ v. Cit+ Court o! Manila As a general rule5 the dismissal or termination o! a case a!ter arraignment and lea o! the de!endant to a valid in!ormation shall be a bar to another rosecution !or the o!!ense charged5 or !or an+ attem t to commit the same or !rustration thereo!5 or !or an+ o!!ense *hich necessaril+ includes or is necessaril+ included in the com laint or in!ormation '0ec. 25 Rule 33AF. Ho*ever5 an a eal b+ the rosecution !rom the order o! dismissal 'o! the criminal caseF b+ the trial court shall not constitute double =eo ard+ i! '3F the dismissal is made u on motion5 or *ith the e& ress consent5 o! the de!endant5 and ';F the dismissal is not an ac)uittal or based u on consideration o! the evidence or o! the merits o! the caseC and 'AF the )uestion to be assed u on b+ the a ellate court is urel+ legal so that should the dismissal be !ound incorrect5 the case *ould have to be remanded to the court o! origin !or !urther roceedings5 to determine the guilt or innocence o! the de!endant. I!!e%e N on iss(e o "hethe! the #ha!)e o esta a th!( a%si i#ation o a p(*%i# &o#($ent has s( i#ient *asis to e-ist in a#t an& in %a" N CO7RT2 MES The a%si i#ation o a p(*%i# &o#($ent $a+ *e a $eans o #o$$ittin) esta)a *a#(ase *e o!e the a%si ie& &o#($ent is a#t(a%%+ (ti%iEe& to &e !a(& anothe!/ the #!i$e o

a%si i#ation has a%!ea&+ *een #ons($$ate&/ &a$a)e o! intent to #a(se &a$a)e not *ein) an e%e$ent o the #!i$e o the a%si i#ation o p(*%i#/ o i#ia% o! #o$$e!#ia% &o#($ents. The &a$a)e to anothe! is #a(se& *+ the #o$$ission o esta a/ not *+ the a%si i#ation o the p(*%i#/ o i#ia% o! #o$$e!#ia% &o#($ent/ hen#e/ the a%si i#ation o sai& &o#($ent is on%+ a ne#essa!+ $eanse to #o$$it the esta a.

@?

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien Peop%e 5s. La)(i 1=1 SCRA ?.>
0iEon %ent $one+ to So!!iano "ho in t(!n iss(e& a post &ate& #he#, to ans"e! o! the &e*t. 3hen the+ t!ie& to en#ash the #he#,/ the a##o(nt "as a%!ea&+ #%ose&. 0e "as #ha!)e& "ith a 5io%ation (n&e! <P 22 an& esta a The RTC &is$isse& the <P 22 #ha!)e *e#a(se the in o!$ation "as J ata%%+ &e e#ti5eK an& #on5i#te& hi$ o the esta a #ha!)e 7pon appea% o the a##(se&/ the CA !e5e!se& the esta a #on5i#tion The peop%e no" is appea%in) the othe! #ase (<P 22) sa+in) that the in o "as not ata%%+ &e e#ti5e.

9B1 info !as fatall defectiveG 1O ? E%e$ents o <P 22 1. Iss(an#e o #he#, o! a##o(nt o! o! 5a%(e 2. At ti$e o iss(e/ $a,e! &oes not ha5e s( i#ient (n&s o! #!e&it ?. S(*se;(ent%+ &ishono!e&. The 8(&)e sai& that the in o!$ation ai%e& to a%%e)e that the a##(se& ,ne" "hen he iss(e& the #he#, that the then &i& not ha5e s( i#ient (n&s in the *an,H the in o!$ation sho(%& ha5e a%%e)e that the a##(se& ,ne" that he "o(%& not ha5e s( i#ient (n&s in the *an, to pa+ the #he#, in (%% (pon its p!esent$ent. GGG 3!on) The p!esen#e o the 1st an& ?!& e%e$ents o the o ense #onstit(tes p!i$a a#ie e5i&ene that the se#on& e%e$ent e-ists. (Loo, at Se# 2 o La".) 9B1 if it !asn&t, can he still be convictedG 1O 9e#ision #annot *e ann(%%e& o! set asi&e *e#a(se it a$o(nte& to a 8(&)$ent o a#;(itta%. It *e#a$e ina% an& e-e#(to!+ (pon its p!o$(%)ation. The state $a+ not appea% that &e#ision o! it "o(%& p%a#e the a##(se& t"i#e in 8eopa!&+ o p(nish$ent o! the o ense in 5io%ation o his #onstit(tiona% !i)hts a)ainst &o(*%e 8eopa!&+. So!iano ha& *een a!!ai)ne&/ p%ea&e& not )(i%t+/ an& "as t!ie& (pon a 5a%i& an& s( i#ient in o!$ation an& #ase "as &is$isse& *+ t!ia% #o(!t ("itho(t his #onsent)/ he has *een p%a#e& in 8eopa!&+ o! the o ense #ha!)e& so !eGassesin) the e5i&en#e a)ainst hi$ p(!s(ant to the appea% o the )o51t "o(%& p(t hi$ in &o(*%e 8eopa!&+.

@@

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien Aa%5eE 5s. CA O#t. 2@/ 199@
Aa%5eE/ the in#($*ent $a+o! o San I%&e onso/ <(%a#an "as #ha!)e& "ith ? in os o! ho$i#i&e an& 2 in os o! !(st!ate& ho$i#i&e. The p!ose#(tion i%%e& a $otion to &e e! a!!ain)$ent to !e5ie" the e5i&en#e to &ete!$ine the p!ope! #ha!)es as "e%% as #han)e o 5en(e *e#a(se #o$p%ainants ea! o! thei! sa et+ an& to p!e5ent $is#a!!ia)e o 8(sti#e. <e o!e thei! a!!ai)n$ent/ petitione!s i%e& a $otion to "ith&!a" in o!$ation1s/ an& s(*se;(ent%+ i%e& in o!$ation1s o! $(!&e! an& i%%e)a% possession o i!ea!$s. The+ i%e& a $otion to ;(ash sa+in) the #o(!t ne5e! a#;(i!e& 8(!is&i#tion/ "hi#h "as &enie& an& 8(&)e set a!!ai)n$ent. NAssai%e& !eso%(tion.

Nos. ?6@2GDG9? to ?6@@GDG9? &oes not i$p!ess (s as a #an&i& p!esentation o thei! !ea% position. arte $otion to "ith&!a" "as i%e& an& )!ante& *e o!e the+ #o(%& *e a!!ai)ne&/ the!e "o(%& *e no i$pe!ati5e nee& o! noti#e an& hea!in) the!eo . In a#t(a%it+/ the !ea% )!ie5an#e o he!ein a##(se& is not the &is$issa% o the o!i)ina% th!ee in o!$ations *(t the i%in) o o(! ne" in o!$ations/ th!ee o "hi#h #ha!)e )!a5e! o enses an& the o(!th/ an a&&itiona% o ense. 0a& these ne" in o!$ations not *een i%e&/ the!e "o(%& o*5io(s%+ ha5e *een no #a(se o! the instant petition. A##o!&in)%+/ thei! #o$p%aint a*o(t the s(ppose& p!o#e&(!a% %apses in5o%5e& in the $otion to &is$iss i%e& an& )!ante& in C!i$ina% Cases

3hi#h set o in o!$ations sho(%& Aa%5eE *e t!ie& "ithS The 1 st o! 2n& S Co!o%%a!+ iss(es2 1. 3hethe! the e& arte $otion to "ith&!a" the o!i)ina% in o!$ations is n(%% an& 5oi& on the )!o(n& that (a) the!e "as no noti#e an& hea!in) as !e;(i!e& *+ Se#tions @/ > an& 6/ R(%e 1> o the R(%es o Co(!tH an& (*) the app!op!iate !e$e&+ "hi#h sho(%& ha5e *een a&opte& *+ the p!ose#(tion "as to a$en& the in o!$ations *+ #ha!)in) the p!ope! o enses p(!s(ant to Se#tion 1@ o R(%e 11.H 2. 3hethe! the o!&e! )!antin) the "ith&!a"a% o the o!i)ina% in o!$ations "as i$$e&iate%+ ina% an& e-e#(to!+H ?. 3hethe! '(&)e Po!ni%%os "as #o!!e#t in &en+in) the $otion to ;(ash an& the!e*+ a#;(i!e& 8(!is&i#tion o5e! the ne" in o!$ations #onsi&e!in) that (a) the &esi)nate& p(*%i# p!ose#(to! a%%e)e&%+ ha& no a(tho!it+ to i%e the se#on& set o in o!$ationsH an& (*) the i%in) the!eo #onstit(te& o!($ shoppin)H an& @. 3hethe! the a!!ai)n$ent p!o#ee&in) he%& on 'an(a!+ 2@/ 199@ in C!i$ina% Cases Nos. @..@GDG9? to @..=GDG9? "as 5a%i&.

1.

#onsi&e!in) that in the o!i)ina% #ases *e o!e <!an#h 1@ o the t!ia% #o(!t petitione!s ha& not +et *een p%a#e& in 8eopa!&+/ an& the e&

2. the a*sen#e o noti#e an& hea!in) &oes not &i5est a t!ia% #o(!t o a(tho!it+ to pass on the $e!its o the $otion. It is on%+ an i!!e)(%a!it+.<esi&es/ "hen petitione!s "e!e )i5en *+ '(&)e Vi%%a8(an the oppo!t(nit+ to i%e a $otion o! !e#onsi&e!ation/ e5en ass($in) the a%%e)e& p!o#e&(!a% in i!$it+ in his iss(an#e o the o!&e! o &is$issa%/ the sa$e "as the!e*+ &ee$e& #(!e&. ?. Se# 11 !(%e 119 )o5e!ns the t!ia% sta)e 5s se# 1. !(%e 11@ )o5e!ns p!o#e&(!a% )o5e!nan#e o! p!ose#(tion o o enses/ !o$ the i%in) o in o to 8(st *e o!e the t!ia%. @. Se# 1. !(%e 11@G The i!st pa!a)!aph p!o5i&es the !(%e o! a$en&$ent o the in o!$ation o! #o$p%aint/ "hi%e the se#on& pa!a)!aph !e e!s to the s(*stit(tion o the in o!$ation o! #o$p%aint. 7n&e! the se#on& pa!a)!aph/ the #o(!t #an o!&e! the i%in) o anothe! in o!$ation to #ha!)e the p!ope! o ense/ p!o5i&e& the a##(se& "o(%& not *e p%a#e& the!e*+ in &o(*%e 8eopa!&+ an& that #o(%& on%+ *e t!(e i the o ense p!o5e& &oes not ne#essa!i%+ in#%(&e o! is not ne#essa!i%+ in#%(&e& in the o ense #ha!)e& in the o!i)ina% in o!$ation. Petition &is$isse&.

@>

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien Peop%e 5. Pi%pa =9 SCRA 82
3as #ha!)e& "ith !(st!ate& $(!&e! an& p%ea&e& not )(i%t+ The p!ose#(tion i%e& a $otion to &is$iss *e#a(se intent to ,i%% "as not a%%e)e& in the in o!$ation "hi#h initia%%+ "as not o*8e#te& to *+ the a##(se&1s %a"+e! *(t s(*se;(ent%+ #han)e& his $in&. A se#on& in o!$ation "as then i%e& an& a $otion to ;(ash !o$ the &e ense #%ai$in) &o(*%e 8eopa!&+. '(&)e )!ante& the $otion an& p!ose#(tion no" appea%s. Petition A!ante&/ assai%e& o!&e! set asi&e.

3hethe! the se#on& in o!$ation "o(%& p%a#e the a##(se& t"i#e in 8eopa!&+ o *ein) p(nishe& o! the #!i$e o !(st!ate& $(!&e!S NO 7n&e! se#tion 9 o R(%e 11= the p!ote#tion a)ainst &o(*%e 8eopa!&+ $a+ *e in5o,e& in #ases o (a) p!e5io(s a#;(itta% (autre!ois ac)uit)/ (*) #on5i#tion (autre!ois convict) o the sa$e o ense/ o! (#) "hen the #ase a)ainst the a##(se& has *een &is$isse& o! othe!"ise te!$inate& "itho(t his e-p!ess #onsent. In an+ o these th!ee #ases/ in o!&e! that the!e *e o!$e! ,i%% 8eopa!&+/ it is in the i!st #ase that (a) the!e "as a 5a%i& #o$petent o! in o!$ation (*) *e o!e a #o(!t o #o$petent 8(!is&i#tion/ (#) an& that the ha& *een an& ha& ente!e& his p%ea. 3hen these #on&itions o! !e;(otes a!e p!esent/ the a#;(itta% o! #on5i#tion o the a##(se&/ o! the &is$issa% o! te!$ination o the #ase "itho(t his e-p!ess #onsent #onstit(tes res =udicata an& is a *a! to anothe! p!ose#(tion o! the o ense #ha!)e&/ o! o! an+ atte$pt to #o$$it the sa$e o! !(st!ation the!eo /o! o! #a!!+ o ense "hi#h ne#essa!i%+ in#%(&es o! is in#%(&e& the!ein. he!e is o!$e! 8eopa!&+ "hen in the i!st #ase the!e "as a 5a%i& CODPLAINT o in o!$ation i%e& in a #o(!t o #o$petent 8(!is&i#tion an&/ a te! the &e en&ant ha& p%ea&e& to the #ha!)e/ he "as a#;(itte& o! #on5i#te& o! the #ase a)ainst hi$ "as te!$inate& "itho(t his e-p!ess #onsent 9e hold that the oral manifestation at the hearing made b the counsel of the accused that he had no ob(ection to the dismissal of the case !as e)uivalent to a declaration of conformit to its dismissal or to an e3press consent to its termination !ithin the meaning of section , of #ule --=. 7e could not thereafter revoke that conformit since the court had alread acted upon it b dismissing the case. 7e !as bound b his counsel%s assent to the dismissal

Late!/ the #ases "e!e !e5i5e&. The a##(se& #onten&e& that the !e5i5a% o the #ases "o(%& p%a#e he! in &o(*%e 8eopa!&+. That #ontention "as !e8e#te& *e#a(se the p!o5isiona% &is$issa% &i& not p%a#e the in 8eopa!&+. The!e "as no 8eopa!&+ in s(#h &is$issa% *e#a(se the "o!&s 6No o*8e#tion6 #on5e+e& the I&ea o (%% #on#(!!en#e "ith the &is$issa% an& "as e;(i5a%ent to sa+in) 6I a)!ee.6

@6

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien
Peop%e 5. O*sania On No5e$*e! 22/ 196@/ *a!e%+ a &a+ a te! the o##(!en#e o the a%%e)e& #!i$e/ E!%in&a 9o%%ente/ the 1@G+ea! o%& 5i#ti$/ an& he! pa!ents/ Ci!ia#o 9o%%ente an& Ca!$e%ita L(!eta/ i%e& in the $(ni#ipa% #o(!t o <a%(n)ao/ Pan)asinan a #o$p%aint o! !ape "ith !o**e!+ A te! the #ase "as !e$an&e& to the Co(!t o Fi!st Instan#e o Pan)asinan o! (!the! p!o#ee&in)s/ the assistant p!o5in#ia% is#a% i%e& an in o!$ation o! !ape a)ainst the a##(se&/ e$*o&+in) the a%%e)ations o the a*o5e #o$p%aint/ "ith an a&&itiona% a5e!$ent that the o ense "as #o$$itte& 6"ith %e"& &esi)ns6. The a##(se& p%ea&e& not )(i%t+ (pon a!!ai)n$ent/ an& o!th"ith his #o(nse% $o5e& o! the &is$issa% o the #ase/ #onten&in) that the #o$p%aint "as ata%%+ &e e#ti5e o! ai%(!e to a%%e)e 6%e"& &esi)ns6 an& that the s(*se;(ent in o!$ation i%e& *+ the is#a% "hi#h a5e!!e& 6%e"& &esi)ns6 &i& not #(!e the 8(!is&i#tiona% in i!$it+. The #o(!t a )uo )!ante& the $otion an& o!&e!e& &is$issa% o the a#tion/ !(%in) that 6the ai%(!e o the #o$p%aint i%e& *+ the o en&e& pa!t+ to a%%e)e that the a#ts #o$$itte& *+ the a##(se& "e!e "ith C%e"& &esi)nsC &oes not )i5e this Co(!t 8(!is&i#tion to t!+ the #ase.6 F!o$ this o!&e!/ the is#a% *!o()ht the instant appea% a)ainst hi$ "as &is$isse& o! othe!"ise te!$inate& "itho(t his e-p!ess #onsent. The #o(!t then &is#(sses a %on) histo!+ o 8(!isp!(&en#e an& so$e"hat see$in)%+ #on %i#tin) !(%in)s that is too %on) to p(t in the &i)est. In the en& th!o()h the a##(se& #an *e estoppe& o! #an "ai5e &o(*%e 8eopa!&+. The app%i#ation o the siste! &o#t!ines o "ai5e! an& estoppe% !e;(i!es t"o sine ;(a non #on&itions2 i!st/ the &is$issa% $(st *e so()ht o! in&(#e& *+ the &e en&ant pe!sona%%+ o! th!o()h his #o(nse%H

3:N J%e"& &esi)nsK sho(%& *e a%%e&)e& in #o$p%aintS NO Rape &oes not !e;(i!e that spe#i i# a%%e)ation.Las#i5io(s intent inhe!es in !ape an& the (n#haste &esi)n is $ani est in the 5e!+ a#t itse% U the #a!na% ,no"%e&)e o a "o$an th!o()h o!#e o! inti$i&ation/ o! "hen the "o$an is &ep!i5e& o !eason o! othe!"ise (n#ons#io(s/ o! "hen the "o$an is (n&e! t"e%5e +ea!s o a)e.

3:N the!e is &o(*%e 8eopa!&+S NO In o!&e! that the p!ote#tion a)ainst &o(*%e 8eopa!&+ $a+ in(!e in a5o! o an a##(se&/ the o%%o"in) !e;(isites $(st ha5e o*taine& in the o!i)ina% p!ose#(tion2 (a) a 5a%i& #o$p%aint o! in o!$ationH (*) a #o$petent #o(!tH (#) the &e en&ant ha& p%ea&e& to the #ha!)eH an& (&) the &e en&ant "as a#;(itte&/ o! #on5i#te&/ o! the #ase

an& se#on&/ s(#h &is$issa% $(st not *e on the $e!its an& $(st not ne#essa!i%+ a$o(nt to an a#;(itta%. In&(*ita*%+/ the #ase at *a! a%%s s;(a!e%+ "ithin the pe!iphe!+ o the sai& &o#t!ines "hi#h ha5e *een p!ese!5e& (ni$pai!e& in the #o!p(s o o(! 8(!isp!(&en#e. Petition )!ante&/ o!&e! set asi&e.

@=

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien A&a 5. Vi!o%a 1=2 SCRA ??6
A&a "as initia%%+ #ha!)e& (n&e! <P 22 o! iss(in) ? #he#,s that *o(n#e& <e o!e p!ose#(tion !este& its #ase/ he "as a%so #ha!)e& "ith esta a/ "hi#h A&a t!ie& to o*8e#t to *(t "as a!!ai)ne& ne5e!the%ess. A te! p!ose#(tion !este& its #ase/ he i%e& a $otion to &is$iss the %ate! #ases sa+in) it "as 5io%ation is 9o(*%e 8eopa!&+ !i)ht.

3:N the!e is &o(*%e 8eopa!&+S NO It is a sett%e& !(%e that to !aise the &e ense o &o(*%e 8eopa!&+/ th!ee !e;(isites $(st *e p!esent2 (1) a i!st 8eopa!&+ $(st ha5e atta#he& p!io! to the se#on&H (2) the i!st 8eopa!&+ $(st ha5e *een 5a%i&%+ te!$inate&H an& (?) the se#on& 8eopa!&+ $(st *e o! the sa$e o ense/ o! the se#on& o ense in#%(&es o! is ne#essa!i%+ in#%(&e& in the o ense #ha!)e& in the i!st in o!$ation/ o! is an atte$pt to #o$$it the sa$e o! a !(st!ation the!eo . These !e;(isites &o not e-ist in the #ase at *a!. The p!ohi*ition is a)ainst a se#on& 8eopa!&+ o! the sa$e o ense. The p%ea o &o(*%e 8eopa!&+ app%ies "he!e the o enses in the t"o in o!$ations a!e the sa$e in %a" an& in a#t. It is not ne#essa!i%+ &e#isi5e that the t"o o enses $a+ ha5e $ate!ia% a#ts in #o$$on/ o! that the+ a!e si$i%a!/ "he!e the+ a!e not in a#t the sa$e. The test is not "hethe! the &e en&ant has a%!ea&+ *een t!ie& o! the sa$e a#t/ *(t "hethe! he has *een p(t in 8eopa!&+ o! the sa$e o ense. A sin)%e a#t $a+ o en& a)ainst t"o (o! $o!e) enti!e%+ &istin#t an& (n!e%ate& p!o5isions o %a"/ an& i one p!o5ision o %a" !e;(i!es p!oo o an a&&itiona% a#t o! e%e$ent "hi%e the othe! &oes not/ an a#;(itta% o! #on5i#tion o! a &is$issa% o the in o!$ation (n&e! one &oes not *a! p!ose#(tion (n&e! the othe!. In othe! "o!&s/ "he!e t"o &i e!ent %a"s (o! a!ti#%es o the sa$e Co&e) &e ine t"o #!i$es/ p!io! 8eopa!&+ as to one o the$ is no o*sta#%e to a p!ose#(tion o the othe!/ a%tho()h *oth o enses a!ise !o$ the sa$e a#ts/ i ea#h #!i$e in5o%5es so$e i$po!tant a#t "hi#h is not an essentia% e%e$ent o the othe!. The 2 %a"s a!e &istin#t !o$ ea#h othe!. The!e is no i&entit+ o o enses #ha!)e&.

@8

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien Peop%e 5. Re%o5a 1@8 SCRA ?.@
The Po%i#e/ a!$e& "ith a sea!#h "a!!ant/ #on&(#te& a sea!#h on p!i5ate !espon&ents p!ope!ties an& o(n& o(t he "as (sin) &e5i#es to %o"e! his e%e#t!i# *i%%. 0e "as #ha!)e& in 5io%ation o o!&inan#e 1 an& p%ea&e& not )(i%t+. 0e i%e& a $otion to &is$iss sa+in) the o ense has a%!ea&+ p!es#!i*e& "hi#h "as )!ante&. A te! 1@ &a+s/ he "as #ha!)e& no" (n&e! the RPC ?.9/ the t o e%e#t!i#a% po"e!. 0e i%e& a $otion to ;(ash on the )!o(n& o &o(*%e 8eopa!&+. This "as )!ante& *+ the t!ia% #o(!t. 9B1 >oulbe 4eopard bars the #PC informationG :2* The *asi# &i i#(%t+ "ith the petitione!Cs position is that it $(st *e e-a$ine&/ not (n&e! the te!$s o the i!st senten#e o A!ti#%e IV (22) o the 19=? Constit(tion/ *(t !athe! under the second sentence o! the same section. The i!st senten#e o A!ti#%e IV (22) sets o!th the )ene!a% !(%e2 the #onstit(tiona% p!ote#tion a)ainst &o(*%e 8eopa!&+ is not a5ai%a*%e "he!e the se#on& p!ose#(tion is o! an o ense that is &i e!ent !o$ the o ense #ha!)e& in the i!st o! p!io! p!ose#(tion/ a%tho()h *oth the i!st an& se#on& o enses $a+ *e *ase& (pon the sa$e a#t o! set o a#ts. The se#on& senten#e o A!ti#%e IV (22) e$*o&ies an e-#eption to the )ene!a% p!oposition2 the #onstit(tiona% p!ote#tion/ a)ainst &o(*%e 8eopa!&+ is a5ai%a*%e a%tho()h the p!io! o ense #ha!)e& (n&e! an o!&inan#e *e &i e!ent !o$ the o ense #ha!)e& s(*se;(ent%+ (n&e! a nationa% stat(te s(#h as the Re5ise& Pena% Co&e/ rovided that *oth o enses sp!in) !o$ the sa$e a#t o! set o a#ts. P(t a %itt%e &i e!ent%+/ "he!e the o enses #ha!)e& a!e pena%iEe& eithe! *+ &i e!ent se#tions o the sa$e stat(te o! *+ &i e!ent stat(tes/ the i$po!tant in;(i!+ !e%ates to the identit+ o! o!!enses charge. the #onstit(tiona% p!ote#tion a)ainst &o(*%e 8eopa!&+ is a5ai%a*%e on%+ "he!e an I&entit+ is sho"n to e-ist *et"een the ea!%ie! an& the s(*se;(ent o enses #ha!)e&. In #ont!ast/ "he!e one o ense is #ha!)e& (n&e! a $(ni#ipa% o!&inan#e "hi%e the othe! is pena%iEe& *+ a stat(te/ the #!iti#a% in;(i!+ is to the identit+ o! the acts "hi#h the a##(se& is sai& to ha5e #o$$itte& an& "hi#h a!e a%%e)e& to ha5e )i5en !ise to the t"o o enses2 the #onstit(tiona% p!ote#tion a)ainst &o(*%e 8eopa!&+ is a5ai%a*%e so %on) as the a#ts "hi#h #onstit(te o! ha5e )i5en !ise o ense is an atte$pt to #o$$it the i!st o! a !(st!ation the!eo . -< Th(s/ o! the #onstit(tiona% p%ea o &o(*%e 8eopa!&+ to *e a5ai%a*%e/ not a%% the te#hni#a% e%e$ents #onstit(tin) the i!st o ense nee& *e p!esent in the te#hni#a% &e inition o the se#on& o ense. The %a" he!e see,s to p!e5ent ha!!ass$ent o an a##(se& pe!son *+ $(%tip%e p!ose#(tions o! o enses "hi#h tho()h &i e!ent !o$ one anothe! a!e nonethe%ess ea#h #onstit(te& *+ a #o$$on set o! o5e!%appin) sets o te#hni#a% e%e$ents. to the i!st o ense (n&e! a $(ni#ipa% o!&inan#e a!e the sa$e a#ts "hi#h #onstit(te o! ha5e )i5en !ise to the o ense #ha!)e& (n&e! a stat(te. It is pe!haps i$po!tant to note that the !(%e %i$itin) the #onstit(tiona% p!ote#tion a)ainst &o(*%e 8eopa!&+ to a s(*se;(ent p!ose#(tion o! the sa$e o ense is not to *e (n&e!stoo& "ith a*so%(te %ite!a%ness. The I&entit+ o o enses that $(st *e sho"n nee& not *e a*so%(te I&entit+2 the i!st an& se#on& o enses $a+ *e !e)a!&e& as the 6sa$e o ense6 "he!e the se#on& o ense ne#essa!i%+ in#%(&es the i!st o ense o! is ne#essa!i%+ in#%(&e& in s(#h i!st o ense o! "he!e the se#on&

Petition denied.

@9

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien T0E PEOPLE o the P0ILIPPINES 5. DARIA 9EL CARDEN et a%. PARAS '.
The &e en&ants "e!e p!ose#(te& in the $(ni#ipa% #o(!t o Dani%a o! the #!i$e o $a%i#io(s $is#hie . A te! p!esentation o e5i&en#e o! the p!ose#(tion/ the $(ni#ipa% #o(!t &is$isse& the #ase on the )!o(n& that the p!ose#(tion ai%e& to p!o5e that the !e$o5a% o! &est!(#tion o the p!ope!t+ in ;(estion ha& *een inspi!e& *+ !esent$ent/ !an#o!/ o! &esi!es o! !e5en)e. S(*se;(ent%+/ the sa$e is#a% "ho i%e& the in o!$ation in the $(ni#ipa% #o(!t/ i%e& the o%%o"in) in o!$ation o #oe!#ion in the #o(!t o Fi!st Instan#e o Dani%a a)ainst the &e en&ants. 0ssue@ 9hether or not there is double (eopard G :es, the rule against double (eopard prohibits prosecution for the same offense it seems basic that an accused should be shielded against being prosecuted for several offenses made out from a single act. Co(nse% o! &e en&ants i%e& a $otion to n(%%i + the se#on& in o!$ation on the )!o(n&s o &o(*%e 8eopa!&+. Contente& o! the appe%%ant the!e is no &o(*%e 8eopa!&+ sin#e the se#on& in o!$ation #ha!)es an o ense &i e!ent !o$ that in#%(&e& in the in o!$ation i%e& in the $(ni#ipa% #o(!t. The !(%e a)ainst &o(*%e 8eopa!&+ p!ote#tin) the a##(se& not a)ainst the se#on& p(nish$ent o! the sa$e a#t *(t a)ainst *ein) t!ie& o! the sa$e o ense. A *!ie #o$pa!ison o the t"o in o!$ations/ the a#t #o$p%aine& o in the #ase o! #oe!#ion is the sa$e a#t "hi#h o!$e& the *asis o the in o!$ation o! $a%i#io(s $is#hie . The !(%e a)ainst &o(*%e 8eopa!&+ p!ohi*its p!ose#(tion o! the sa$e o ense it see$s *asi# that an a##(se& sho(%& *e shie%&e& a)ainst *ein) p!ose#(te& o! se5e!a% o enses $a&e o(t !o$ a sin)%e a#t. Othe!"ise/ an (n%a" (% a#t o! o$ission/ $a+ )i5e !ise to se5e!a% p!ose#(tions &epen&in) (pon the a*i%it+ o p!ose#(tin) o i#e! to i$a)ine as $an+ o enses as #an *e 8(sti ie& *+ sai& a#t o! o$ission/ *+ si$p%+ a&&in) o! s(*t!a#tin) essentia% e%e$ents. The #ase at *a! is an o##asion o! !e$in&in) p!ose#(tin) o i#e!s to *e #a!e (% an& #o$p!ehensi5e in #!i$ina% in5esti)ations "ith the 5ie" to &ete!$inin) &e inite%+/ *e o!e i%in) the ne#essa!+ in o!$ation/ the o enses in a#t an& in %a" #o$$itte&/ in o!&e! to a5oi& sit(ations s$a#,in) o pe!se#(tions.

>.

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien CONRA9O DELO 5. T0E PEOPLE OF T0E P0ILIPPINES an& T0E CO7RT OF T0E FIRST INSTANCE OF RIRAL DORAN/ C. '.
Petitione! Con!a&o De%o "as #ha!)e& on 9e#e$*e! 2=/ 19@9/ "ith !(st!ate& ho$i#i&e/ o! ha5in) a%%e)e&%+ in %i#te& (pon <en8a$in O*i%%o/ "ith a ,it#hen ,ni e an& "ith intent to ,i%% at the Co(!t o Fi!st Instan#e o RiEa%. On 9e#e$*e! 29/ 19@9/ at 8 a.$./ the a##(se& p%ea&e& not )(i%t+ to the o ense #ha!)e& an& at 1.21> p.$. o the sa$e &a+/ <en8a$in O*i%%o &ie& !o$ his "o(n&s. E5i&en#e o &eath "as a5ai%a*%e to the p!ose#(tion on%+ on 'an(a!+ ?/ 19>. an& 'an(a!+ @/ 19>. an& a$en&e& in o!$ation "as i%e& #ha!)in) the a##(se& "ith #ons($$ate& ho$i#i&e. The a##(se& then i%e& a $otion to n(%%i + the a$en&e& in o!$ation #%ai$in) &o(*%e 8eopa!&+. Dotion "as &enie& *+ the !espon&ent #o(!tH hen#e/ instant petition o! p!ohi*ition to en8oin the !espon&ent #o(!t !o$ (!the! ente!tainin) the a$en&e& in o!$ation 0ssue@ 9hether or not an accused !ho pleaded guilt to the offense of frustrated homicide, upon death of the offended part , could not rel on a plea of double (eopard , if the information amended is to charge him !ith homicideG 1o, because the petition is denied, and the respondent court ma proceed to the trial of the criminal case under the amended information. R(%e 1.6/ se#tion 1?/ 2& pa!a)!aph/ (n&e! this p!o5ision/ it "as p!ope! o! the #o(!t to &is$iss the in o!$ation an& o!&e! the i%in) o a ne" one o! the !eason that the p!ope! o ense "as not #ha!)e& in the o!$e! an& it &i& not p%a#e the a##(se& in a se#on& 8eopa!&+ o! the sa$e o! i&enti#a% o ense. JNo pe!son sha%% *e t"i#e p(t in 8eopa!&+ o p(nish$ent o! the sa$e o enseK. Deanin) "hen a pe!son is #ha!)e& "ith an o ense an& the #ase is te!$inate& eithe! *+ a#;(itta% o! #on5i#tion o! in an+ $anne! "itho(t the #onsent o the a##(se&/ the %atte! #annot *e #ha!)e& "ith the sa$e o! i&enti#a% o ense. It is noti#e& that the p!ote#tion o the #onstit(tiona% inhi*ition is a)ainst a se#on& 8eopa!&+ o! the Jsa$e o enseK/ the on%+ e-#eption/ that i an a#t is p(nishe& *+ a %a" an& an o!&inan#e/ #on5i#tion o! a#;(itta% (n&e! eithe! sha%% #onstit(te a *a! to anothe! p!ose#(tion o! the sa$e a#t. JSa$e o enseK/ (n&e! the )ene!a% !(%e/ has a%"a+s *een inte!p!ete& to $ean not on%+ The !(%e is that "he!e a te! the i!st p!ose#(tion a ne" a#t that the se#on& o ense #ha!)e& is e-a#t%+ the sa$e as the one a%%e)e& in the i!st in o!$ation/ *(t a%so the t"o o enses a!e i&enti#a%. The!e is i&entit+ *et"een t"o o enses "hen the e5i&en#e to s(ppo!t a #on5i#tion o! one o ense "o(%& *e s( i#ient to "a!!ant a #on5i#tion o! the othe!. On the othe! han&/ the !(%e o i&entit+ &oes not app%+/ "hen the se#on& o ense "as not in e-isten#e at the ti$e o the i!st p!ose#(tion/ o! the si$p%e !eason that in s(#h #ase the!e is no possi*i%it+ o! the a##(se&/ &(!in) the i!st p!ose#(tion/ to *e #on5i#te& o! an o ense that "as in e-istent.

s(pe!5enes o! "hi#h the &e en&ant is !esponsi*%e/ "hi#h #han)es the #ha!a#te! o the o ense an&/ to)ethe! "ith the a#ts e-istin) at the ti$e #onstit(tes a ne" an& &istin#t o ense. The a##(se& #annot *e sai& to *e in se#on& 8eopa!&+ i in&i#te& o! the ne" o ense.

>1

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien T0E PEOPLE o the P0ILIPPINES 5. RO9RIAO MORAC FERNAN9O/ '.
A #onstit(tiona% !i)ht not to *e p(t t"i#e in 8eopa!&+ o! the sa$e o ense "as the *asis o! a $otion to n(%%i + *+ the a##(se&/ no" appe%%ee/ Ro&!i)o Mo!a#. 0e "as p!ose#(te& o! !(st!ate& $(!&e! a!isin) a%%e)e&%+ !o$ ha5in) assa(%te&/ atta#,e&/ an& hit "ith a pie#e o "oo& the o en&e& pa!t+/ o! "hi#h he "as p!e5io(s%+ t!ie& an& senten#e& o! s%i)ht ph+si#a% in8(!ies/ his p%ea *ein) one o )(i%t. The in o!$ation o! !(st!ate& $(!&e! "as *ase& on the se#on& $e&i#a% #e!ti i#ate )i5en *+ the sa$e ph+si#ian "hi#h "as $(#h $o!e tho!o()h the se#on& ti$e/ to the e e#t that the 5i#ti$ &i& s( e! a )!eate! in8(!+ than "as at i!st as#e!taine&. The %o"e! #o(!t/ p!esi&e& *+ 0ono!a*%e '(&)e Nesto! <. A%a$pa+/ #onsi&e!in) that the!e "as no s(pe!5enin) a#t that "o(%& ne)ate the &e ense &o(*%e 8eopa!&+/ s(staine& the $otion to ;(ash in an o!&e! o '(ne 21/ 1968. The peop%e appea%e&. The a##(se& Mo!a# "as #ha!)e& "ith s%i)ht ph+si#a% in8(!ies *e o!e the Cit+ Co(!t o <a#o%o&. The a##(se& p%ea& )(i%t+ on Ap!i% 16/ 1968 !es(%tin) in his *ein) pena%iEe& to s( e! ten &a+s o a!!esto $eno!. On Ap!i% 18/ 1968/ the p!o5in#ia% is#a% i%e& in o!$ation at the Co(!t o Fi!st Instan#e o Ne)!os O##i&enta%/ #ha!)in) the sa$e &e en&ant "ith !(st!ate& $(!&e! a!isin) !o$ the a#t (pon anothe! $e&i#a% #e!ti i#ate &ate& Ap!i% 1=/ 1968. A $otion to n(%%i + "as i%e& *+ the a##(se& on '(ne 1./ 1968 on the )!o(n& that/ ha5in) *een p!e5io(s%+ #on5i#te& o s%i)ht ph+si#a% in8(!ies an& ha5in) a%!ea&+ se!5e& the pena%t+ i$pose& on hi$ o! the sa$e o ense/ the p!ose#(tion o! !(st!ate& $(!&e! a!isin) o(t o the sa$e a#t #o$$itte& a)ainst the sa$e o en&e& pa!t+/ he "o(%& *e p%a#e& in se#on& 8eopa!&+ i in&i#te& o! the ne" o ense. 0ssue@ 9hether or not the defendant, !ho had alread been convicted of slight ph sical in(uries and had served sentence therefore, ma be prosecuted ane! for frustrated murder for the same act committed against the same personG 1o, because there is no supervening fact that had occurred !hich (ustifies the application, for !hich reason !e are constrained to appl the general rule of double (eopard . B this, the motion to )uash !as granted and ordered the dismissal of the case and immediate release of the appellee . Fo! &o(*%e 8eopa!&+ not to e-ist/ the!e is then the in&ispensa*%e !e;(i!e$ent o the e-isten#e o a ne" a#t "hi#h s(pe!5enes o! "hi#h the &e en&ant is !esponsi*%e #han)in) the o! a#;(itte& o! the #ase a)ainst hi$ te!$inate& "itho(t his #ha!a#te! o the #!i$e i$p(te& to hi$ an& to)ethe! "ith the a#ts e-istin) p!e5io(s%+ #onstit(tin) a ne" an& &istin#t o ense. No pe!son sha%% *e t"i#e p(t in 8eopa!&+ o p(nish$ent o! the sa$e o ense. A &e en&ant in a #!i$ina% #ase sho(%& the!e o!e/ *e 8(&)e& eithe! )(i%t+ o! not )(i%t+ an& the!ea te! %e t a%one in pea#e/ in the %atte! #ase the State *ein) p!e#%(&e& !o$ ta,in) an appea%. JThe Sa$e o enseK/ $eans anothe! p!ose#(tion o! the o ense #ha!)e& a te! a &e en&ant sha%% ha5e *een #on5i#te&

e-p!ess #onsent/ o! an+ atte$pt to #o$$it the sa$e o! !(st!ation the!eo o! o!H an+ o ense "hi#h ne#essa!i%+ in#%(&es o! is ne#essa!i%+ in#%(&e& in the o ense #ha!)e& in the o!$e! #o$p%aint o! in o!$ation. It o%%o"s that a te! the i!st p!ose#(tion a ne" a#t s(pe!5enes on "hi#h &e en&ant $a+ *e he%& %ia*%e/ !es(%tin) in a%te!in) the #ha!a#te! o the #!i$e an& )i5in) !ise to a ne" an& &istin#t o ense/ the a##(se& #annot *e sai& to *e in se#on& 8eopa!&+ i in&i#te& o! the ne" o ense. A%tho()h the!e is the in&ispensa*%e !e;(i!e$ent o the e-isten#e o a ne" a#t "hi#h s(pe!5enes o! "hi#h the &e en&ant is !esponsi*%e #han)in) the #ha!a#te! o the #!i$e i$p(te& to hi$ an& to)ethe! "ith the e-istin) a#ts p!e5io(s%+ #onstit(tin) a ne" an& &istin#t o ense.

>2

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien T0E PEOPLE o the P0ILIPPINES/ 5. CITM CO7RT o DANILA/ <RANC0 ZI an& FRANCISCO AAPAM + DALLARES/ RELOVA '.
This is a petition to !e5ie" the o!&e!/ &ate& No5e$*e! 1=/ 19=2/ o the Cit+ Co(!t o Dani%a/ <!an#h ZI/ &is$issin) the in o!$ation o! ho$i#i&e th!( !e#,%ess i$p!(&en#e i%e& a)ainst !espon&ent F!an#is#o Aapa + Da%%a!es on the )!o(n& o &o(*%e 8eopa!&+. Respon&ent #o(!t he%& that the p!i5ate !espon&ent ha5in) *een p!e5io(s%+ t!ie& an& #on5i#te& o se!io(s ph+si#a% in8(!ies th!( !e#,%ess i$p!(&en#e o! the &eath o the 5i#ti$ "o(%& p%a#e the a##(se& in &o(*%e 8eopa!&+. The #ase at *a!/ the in#i&ent o##(!!e& on O#to*e! 1=/ 19=2. On the o%%o"in) &a+/ O#to*e! 18/ in o!$ation "as i%e& a)ainst !espon&ent o! se!io(s ph+si#a% in8(!ies th!( !e#,%ess i$p!(&en#e. On the sa$e &a+/ the 5i#ti$ 9io%ito &e %a C!(E &ie&. On O#to*e! 2./ 19=2/ p!i5ate !espon&ent "as a!!ai)ne& on the #ha!)e o se!io(s ph+si#a% in8(!ies th!( !e#,%ess i$p!(&en#e. 0e p%ea&e& )(i%t+ an& "as senten#e& to one $onth an& one &a+ o a!!esto $a+o!/ an& #o$$en#e& se!5in) senten#e. On O#to*e! 2@/ 19=2/ in o!$ation o! ho$i#i&e th!( !e#,%ess i$p!(&en#e "as i%e& a)ainst !espon&ent. On No5e$*e! 1=/ 19=2/ the Cit+ Co(!t o Dani%a/ (pon $otion o !espon&ent/ iss(e& an& o!&e! &is$issin) the ho$i#i&e th!( !e#,%ess i$p!(&en#e #ase on the )!o(n& o &o(*%e 8eopa!&+. 0ssue@ 9hether or not a person !ho has been prosecuted for serious ph sical in(uries thru reckless imprudence and convicted thereof ma be prosecuted subse)uentl for homicide thru reckless imprudence if the offended part dies as a result of the same in(uries he had sufferedG 1o, the fact remains that the victim >iolito de la CruC died on October -+ one da after the accident and arrest of the respondent Eapa and that on October /. the accused !as arraigned, pleaded guilt and sentenced accordingl . $hus, (eopard had attached and no ne! fact supervened after the arraignment and conviction of the accused. It o%%o"s that a te! the i!st p!ose#(tion a ne" a#t s(pe!5enes on "hi#h &e en&ant $a+ *e he%& %ia*%e/ !es(%tin) in a%te!in) the #ha!a#te! o the #!i$e an& )i5in) !ise to a ne" an& &istin#t o ense/ the a##(se& #annot *e sai& to *e in se#on& 8eopa!&+ i in&i#te& o! the ne" o ense. 0o"e5e!/ a!ti#%e ?6> o the Pena% Co&e p(nishes the ne)%i)ent state o $in& an& not the !es(%tin) in8(!+. The t!ia% #o(!t #on#%(&e& that on#e p!ose#(te& o! an& #on5i#te& o ne)%i)en#e/ the a##(se& #annot a)ain *e p!ose#(te& o! the sa$e ne)%i)en#e a%tho()h o! a &i e!ent !es(%tin) in8(!+. 3e%%Gsett%e& is the !(%e that one "ho has *een #ha!)e& "ith an o ense #annot *e #ha!)e a)ain "ith the sa$e o! i&enti#a% o ense tho()h the %atte! *e %esse! o! )!eate! than the o!$e!. 0o"e5e!/ it $(st *e pointe& that/ the !(%e o i&entit+ &oes not app%+ "hen the se#on& o ense "as not in e-isten#e at the ti$e o the i!st p!ose#(tion/ o! the !eason that in s(#h #ase the!e is no possi*i%it+ o! the a##(se&/ &(!in) the i!st

p!ose#(tion/ to *e #on5i#te& o! an o ense that "as then in e-istent. A##o!&in)%+/ "he!e the a##(se& "as #ha!)e& "ith ph+si#a% in8(!ies an& a te! #on5i#tion/ the in8(!e& pe!son &ies/ the #ha!)e o! ho$i#i&e a)ainst the sa$e a##(se& &oes not p(t hi$ t"i#e in 8eopa!&+. As state&/ the 5i#ti$ 9io%ito &e %a C!(E &ie& on the &a+ the in o!$ation "as i%e&/ an& the a##(se& "as a!!ai)ne& t"o &a+s a te!/ o! on O#to*e! 2./ 19=2. 3hen the in o!$ation o! ho$i#i&e th!( !e#,%ess i$p!(&en#e "as i%e& on O#to*e! 2@/ 19=2/ the a##(se&G p!i5ate !espon&ent "as a%!ea&+ in 8eopa!&+.

>?

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien AEORAE DANANTAN/ 5. T0E CO7RT o APPEALS/ SPO7SES DARCELINO NICOLAS an& DARIA NICOLAS O7ISID<INA '.
'(ne 1/ 198?/ thee P!o5in#ia% Fis#a% o Isa*e%a i%e& in o!$ation #ha!)in) petitione! Danantan "ith !e#,%ess i$p!(&en#e !es(%tin) in ho$i#i&e. On a!!ai)n$ent/ petitione! p%ea&e& not )(i%t+ to the #ha!)e. Petitione! "as a#;(itte& *+ the t!ia% #o(!t o ho$i#i&e th!o()h !e#,%ess i$p!(&en#e "itho(t !(%in) on his #i5i% %ia*i%it+. On appea% !o$ the #i5i% aspe#t o the 8(&)e$ent in C!i$ina% Case no. .66/ the appe%%ate #o(!t o(n& the petitione! Danantan #i5i%%+ %ia*%e an& o!&e!e& hi$ to in&e$ni + p!i5ate !espon&ents Da!#e%ino Ni#o%as an& Da!ia Ni#o%as o! a tota% o 1=@/@..... o! the &eath o thei! son/ R(*en Ni#o%as. Petitione! $o5e& o! !e#onsi&e!ation/ *(t the appe%%ate #o(!t in its !eso%(tion o A()(st 2@/ 1992 &enie& the $otion. 0ssues@ >id the ac)uittal of petitioner foreclose an further in)uir b the Court of 'ppeals as to his negligence or reckless imprudenceG >id the court a )uo err in finding that petitioner&s ac)uittal did not e3tinguish his civil liabilit G >id the appellate court commit a reversible error in failing to appl the Manchester >octrine to C'HE.#. C? 1o. -,/<.G Petitione! a!)(es that the t!ia% #o(!t1s in&in) that he "as neithe! i$p!(&ent no! ne)%i)ent "as the *asis o his a#;(itta% an& not !easona*%e &o(*t. 0en#e/ (pon in&in) hi$ %ia*%e o! in&e$nit+ an& &a$a)es/ the appe%%ate #o(!t not on%+ p%a#e& his a#;(itta% in s(spi#ion/ *(t a%so p(t hi$ in &o(*%e 8eopa!&+. P!e%i$ina!+/ petitione!1s #%ai$ that the &e#ision o the appe%%ate #o(!t a"a!&in) in&e$nit+ p%a#e& hi$ in &o(*%e 8eopa!&+ is $isp%a#e&. The #onstit(tion p!o5i&es that no pe!son sha%% *e t"i#e p(t in 8eopa!&+ o! the sa$e o ense. Fo! &o(*%e 8eopa!&+ to e-ist e%e$ents a!e esta*%ishe&. Fi!st is a 8eopa!&+ $(st ha5e atta#he& p!io! to the se#on&. The i!st 8eopa!&+ $(st ha5e *een te!$inate&. Last%+/ the se#on& 8eopa!&+ $(st *e o! the sa$e o ense as the i!st. In the instant #ase/ petitione! ha& on#e *een p%a#e& in 8eopa!&+ *+ the i%in) o C!i$ina% Case No. .66 an& the 8eopa!&+ "as te!$inate& *+ his &is#ha!)e. 0o"e5e!/ petitione! "as not #ha!)e& ane" in CAGA.R. No. 192@. "ith a se#on& #!i$ina% o ense i&enti#a% to the i!st o ense. Re#o!&s #%ea!%+ sho" that no se#on& #!i$ina% 0en#e/ petitione!1s a#;(itta% "as not p!e#%(&e& !o$ %oo,in) o ense "as *ein) i$p(te& to petitione! on appea% the!e o!e the!e "as no se#on& 8eopa!&+ to spea, o . Petitione!1s #%ai$ o ha5in) *een p%a#e& in &o(*%e 8eopa!&+ is in#o!!e#t. O(! %a" !e#o)niEes t"o ,in&s o a#;(itta%/ "ith &i e!ent e e#ts on the #i5i% %ia*i%it+ o the a##(se&. Fi!st is an a#;(itta% on the )!o(n& that the a##(se& is not the a(tho! o the a#t o o$ission #o$p%aine& o . This #%oses the &oo! to #i5i% %ia*i%it+. Se#on& is an a#;(itta% *ase& on !easona*%e &o(*t on the )(i%t o the a##(se&/ in this #ase i the )(i%t o the a##(se& has not *een satis a#to!i%+ esta*%ishe&/ he is not e-e$pte& !o$ #i5i% %ia*i%it+ "hi#h $a+ *e p!o5e& *+ the p!epon&e!an#e o e5i&en#e on%+.

into the ;(estion o petitione!1s ne)%i)en#e. In %ine "ith this/ the petitione! insists that he "as a#;(itte& on a in&in) that he "as neithe! #!i$ina%%+ ne)%i)ent no! !e#,%ess%+ i$p!(&ent. 0e a!)(es that "hen the %atte! is not p!o5e&/ #i5i% %ia*i%it+ #annot *e &e$an&e& an& #on#%(&es that his a#;(itta% *a!s an+ #i5i% a#tion. Respon&ents #o(nte! that the t!ia% #o(!t1s 8(&)e$ent sho"s the 8(&)e$ent o a#;(itta% &i& not #%ea!%+ &e#%a!e the nonG e-isten#e o petitione!1s ne)%i)en#e o! i$p!(&en#e. The+ a!)(e that his a#;(itta% $(st *e &ee$e& *ase& on !easona*%e &o(*t. In;(i!+ *+ the %o"e! #o(!t1s &e#ision in C!i$ina% Case No. .66 s(ppo!ts the #on#%(sion o the appe%%ate #o(!t that the a#;(itta% "as *ase& on !easona*%e &o(*t hen#e petitione!1s #i5i% %ia*i%it+ "as not e-tin)(ishe& *+ his &is#ha!)e. 0o"e5e!/ it o(n& that a h+pothesis in#onsistent "ith the ne)%i)en#e o the a##(se& p!esente& itse% *e o!e the #o(!t. The o!e)oin) #%ea!%+ sho"s that petitione!1s a#;(itta% *ase& on !easona*%e &o(*t an& a s(it to en o!#e #i5i% %ia*i%it+ o! the sa$e a#t o! o$ission %ies. F(!the!$o!e/ petitione! a!)(es that the Co(!t o Appea%s $a&e a $ista,e in a"a!&in) &a$a)es an& in&e$nit+/ sin#e p!i5ate !espon&ents &i& not pa+ the #o!!espon&in) i%in) ees o! thei! #%ai$s o! &a$a)es "hen #i5i% #ase "as instit(te& "ith the #!i$ina% a#tion. P!i5ate !espon&ents a!)(e that (n&e! the !(%es o #o(!t/ the i%in) ees o! the &a$a)es a"a!&e& a!e a i!st %ien on the 8(&)e$ent. At the ti$e o the i%in) o in o!$ation/ the i$p%ie& instit(tion o #i5i% a#tions "ith #!i$ina% a#tions "as )o5e!ne& *+ R(%e 111/ se#tion 1 o the 196@/ R(%es o Co(!t. As pointe& o(t *+ the !espon&ents/ (n&e! the sai& !(%e/ it "as not !e;(i!e& that the &a$a)es so()ht *+ the o en&e& pa!t+ *e state& in the #o$p%aint o! in o!$ation. Th(s/ the #i5i% a#tion is i$p%ie&%+ instit(te& to)ethe! "ith the #!i$ina% a#tion/ the a#t(a% &a$a)es #%ai$e& *+ the o en&e& pa!ties/ as in this #ase/ a!e not in#%(&e& in the #o$p(tation o the i%in) ees. Fi%in) ees a!e to *e pai& on%+ i othe! ite$s o &a$a)es s(#h as $o!a%/ no$ina%/ te$pe!ate/ o! e-e$p%a!+ &a$a)es a!e a%%e)e& in the #o$p%aint o! in o!$ation/ o! i the+ a!e not so a%%e)e&/ sha%% #onstit(te a i!st %ien on the 8(&)e$ent. The !(%es o #!i$ina% p!o#e&(!e )(a!antee that i%in) ees o! the a"a!& o &a$a)es a!e i!st %ien on the 8(&)e$ent/ the e e#t o the en o!#e$ent o sai& %ien $(st !et!o a#t to the instit(tion o the #!i$ina% a#tion. The!e o!e/ "e in& no *asis o! petitione!1s a%%e)ations that the i%in) ees "e!e not pai& o! i$p!ope!%+ pai& an& that the appe%%ate #o(!t a#;(i!e& no 8(!is&i#tion. The instant petition is &is$isse& o! %a#, o $e!it.

>@

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien SADSON V. CA <A7TISTA ANAELO/ '.2
R( ino T. Sa$son "as 8oint%+ #ha!)e& "ith A$a&o L. C!(E an& <oni a#io Ve!)a!a an& t"o othe!s "hose na$es a!e (n,no"n in t"o sepa!ate in o!$ations "ith the #o$p%e#!i$e o esta!a th!o()h a%si i#ation o t"o #he#,s o the Phi%ippine Nationa% <an, The t!io appea%e& !o$ the &e#ision an& the Co(!t o Appea%s a i!$e& the sa$e *(t "ith a !e&(#e& pena%t+ "ith !e)a!& to appe%%ants C!(E an& Ve!)a!a. Appe%%ant Sa$son "as on%+ o(n& )(i%t+ o #o$$ittin) the #!i$e th!o()h )!oss i$p!(&en#e an& "as a##o!&in)%+ senten#e& to @ $onths o arresto ma+or in ea#h o the t"o #ases. 9issatis ie& "ith his #on5i#tion/ Sa$son s(e& o(t the p!esent petition o! !e5ie" #onten&in) (1) that the a#ts &one *+ hi$/ as o(n& *+ the Co(!t o Appea%s/ &o not #onstit(te )!oss i$p!(&en#eH (2) that the!e is no s(#h o ense as esta a th!o()h ( a%si i#ation *+) ne)%i)en#eH an& (?) that the Co(!t o Appea%s e!!e& in &en+in) his $otion o! ne" t!ia%. Espi!i&ion Las#aFo/ athe! o the %ate Fe%ipe Las#aFo/ a %ie(tenant o the 7SAFFE/ "ho &ie& &(!in) the %ast 3o!%& 3a!/ an& his "i&o" Rosanna Pa!as/ a!e Fe%ipe Las#anoCs on%+ %e)iti$ate s(!5i5in) hei!s/ The+ i%e& thei! #%ai$ pape!s "ith the Re& C!oss Chapte! in the P!o5in#e o So!so)on in the ea!%+ pa!t o 19@6. On O#to*e! 2/ 19@8 A$a&o L. C!(E as,e& the he%p o his o!$e! #%ass$ate R( ino T. Sa$son in )ettin) the #he#,s o the t"o #%ai$ants "ho "e!e "ith hi$ at Ca$p D(!ph+ . The+ "e!e s(##ess (% in ha5in) the #he#,s o the t"o #%ai$ants. The+ "ent to A!isto#!at !esta(!ant an& Sa$son "ent on to "at#h a $o5ie that ni)ht ( I ,no". 3ei!&.). '(st t"o &a+s a te! #ashin) the #he#,s/ "hi%e at Ca$p D(!ph+ Sa$son "as in o!$e& *+ Se5e!ino An&a/ one o those "ho "e!e "ith the pa!t+ "hi#h #ashe& the #he#,s/ th(s sai& #hee,s "e!e &e%i5e!e& to the "!on) pa!ties. 3o!!ie& *+ s(#h ne"s he %e t o! So!so)on the o%%o"in) &a+ to %o#ate the !ea% #%ai$ants. 0e o(n& Espi!i&ion too "ea, an& too o%& to )et o(t o the ho(se an& sa" Rosa%ina (I thin, this sho(%& *e Rosanna) in the s#hoo% "he!e she "as tea#hin) an& #on i!$e& that the o%& $an1s #he#, "as ne5e! #%ai$e& *+ the$. ISS'( (/2I:62+&) *+, Samson can be con"icted of the crime of estafa through falsification by imprudence despite the fact that the information filed against him charges only a willful act of falsification and contains no reference to any act of imprudence on his part- -(S Appe%%ant "as/ o! $(st ha5e *een a"a!e that the #%ai$ "as o! a siEea*%e a$o(nt/ tota%%in) o5e! t"e%5e tho(san& pesos/ an& o!&ina!+ p!(&en#e !e;(i!e& that he sho(%& satis + hi$se% *+ a%% p!ope! an& a&e;(ate $eans o the i&entit+ o the pe!sons #%ai$in) sai& a$o(nts/ sin#e the+ "e pe!sona%%+ (n,no"n to hi$. The $e!e ass(!an#e o a o!$e! #%ass/ $ate "o(%& #e!tain%+ not *e a satis a#to!+ i&enti i#ation to 8(sti + &is*(!se$ent o s(#h a %a!)e a$o(nt i the (n&s *e%on)e& to appe%%ant. 7n&e! the a#ts o(n& *+ the Co(!t o Appea%s/ the a#ts o appe%%ant #onstit(te in ea#h #ase the #!i$e o esta!a th!o()h a%si i#ation o a $e!#anti%e &o#($ent *+ !e#,%ess i$p!(&en#e/ *e#a(se in so a! as the a%si i#ation is #on#e!ne&/ his a#ts o en&o!sin) the !espe#ti5e #he#,s *+ "a+ o i&enti i#ation o the si)nat(!es o the pa+ees entit%e& to sai& #he#,s an& thei!

p!o#ee&s/ #onstit(te& a "!itten !ep!esentation that the t!(e pa+ees pa!ti#ipate& in the in&o!se$ent an& #ashin) o the #he#,s a o!esai&/ "hen in t!(th an& in a#t the t!(e pa+ees ha& no &i!e#t inte!5ention in the p!o#ee&in)s (A!t. 1=1/ Re5ise& Pena% Co&e). E5en i s(#h in&o!se$ent an& i&enti i#ation "e!e e-t!aneo(s to the o i#ia% &(ties o appe%%ant/ he "o(%& *e ne5e!the%ess %ia*%e as a p!i5ate pe!son (n&e! A!ti#%e 1=2 o the Re5ise& Pena% Co&e. 9e#isions o this Co(!t an& o the S(p!e$e Co(!t o Spain asse!t the 8(!i&i#a% stan&in) o the #!i$e o a%si i#ation *+ i$p!(&en#e sin#e in a%si +in) p(*%i# o! $e!#anti%e &o#($ent/ o intent to #a(se &a$a)e is not !e;(i!e& *e#a(se "hat the %a"/ see,s to !ep!ess is the p!e8(&i#e to the p(*%i# #on i&en#e in these &o#($ents. The !(%e !e)a!&in) 5a!ian#e *et"een a%%e)ation an& p!oo in a #!i$ina% #ase/ is2 63hen the!e is 5a!ian#e *et"een the o ense #ha!)e& in the #o$p%aint o! in o!$ation/ an& that p!o5e& o! esta*%ishe& *+ the e5i&en#e/ an& the o ense as #ha!)e&/ is in#%(&e& in o! ne#essa!i%+ in#%(&es the o ense p!o5e&/ the &e en&ant sha%% *e #on5i#te& o the o ense p!o5e& in#%(&e& in that "hi#h is #ha!)e&/ o! o the o ense #ha!)e& in#%(&e& in that "hi#h is p!o5e&6 (Se#tion @/ R(%e 116. R(%es o Co(!t). As a #o$p%e$ent "e ha5e a%so the o%%o"in) !(%e2 6An o ense #ha!)e& ne#essa!i%+ in#%(&es that "hi#h is p!o5e&/ "hen so$e o the essentia% e%e$ents o! in)!e&ients o the o!$e!/ as this is a%%e)e& in the #o$p%aint o! in o!$ation/ #onstit(te the %atte!. An& the o ense #ha!)e& is ne#essa!i%+ in#%(&e& in the o ense p!o5es/ "hen the essentia% in)!e&ients o the o!$e! #onstit(te o! o!$ a pa!t o those #onstit(tin) the %atte!6 (Se#tion >/ R(%e 116/ :dem.). 3hi%e a #!i$ina% ne)%i)ent a#t is not a si$p%e $o&a%it+ o a "i%% (% #!i$e/ as "e he%& in 8uizon vs. Justice o! the $eace o! "acolor/W A.R. No. LG66@1/ '(%+ 28/ 19>>/ *(t a &istin#t #!i$e in itse% / &esi)nate& as a ;(asi o ense in o(! Pena% Co&e/ it $a+ ho"e5e! *e sai& that #on5i#tion o! the o!$e! #an *e ha& (n&e! an in o!$ation e-#%(si5e%+ #ha!)in) the #o$$ission o a "i%% (% o ense/ (pon the theo!+ that the )!eate! in#%(&es the %esse! o ense. This is the sit(ation that o*tains in the p!esent #ase. The a#t that the in o!$ation &oes not a%%e)e that the a%si i#ation "as #o$$itte& "ith i$p!(&en#e is o no $o$ent o! he!e this &e i#ien#+ appea!s s(pp%ie& *+ the e5i&en#e s(*$itte& *+ appe%%ant hi$se% an& the !es(%t has p!o5en *ene i#ia% to hi$. Ce!tain%+/ ha5in) a%%e)e& that the a%si i#ation has *een "i%% (%/ it "o(%& *e in#on)!o(s to a%%e)e at the sa$e ti$e that it "as #o$$itte& "ith i$p!(&en#e o! a #ha!)e o #!i$ina% intent is in#o$pati*%e "ith the #on#ept o ne)%i)en#e.

>>

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien STA. RITA V. CA FELICIANO/ '.2

Petitione! Sta. Rita "as #ha!)e& in the RTC "ith 5io%atin) Se#tion 2(a) in !e%ation to Se#tions 22(&) an& 28(e) o It is "e%%Gsett%e& in o(! 8(!is&i#tion that the !i)ht to Rep(*%i# A#t No. appea% is a stat(to!+ !i)ht an& a pa!t+ "ho see,s to 1161/ as a$en&e&/ othe!"ise ,no"n as the So#ia% a5ai% o the !i)ht $(st #o$p%+ "ith the !(%es. < Se#(!it+ La". These !(%es/ pa!ti#(%a!%+ the stat(to!+ !e;(i!e$ent o! pe! e#tin) an appea% "ithin the !e)%e$enta!+ The In o!$ation a%%e)e& that petitione!/ 6as pe!io& %ai& &o"n *+ %a"/ $(st *e st!i#t%+ o%%o"e& P!esi&ent:Aene!a% Dana)e! o <. Sta. Rita Co./ In#. as the+ a!e #onsi&e!e& in&ispensa*%e inte!&i#tions a #o$p(%so!i%+ (sic) #o5e!e& e$p%o+e! (n&e! the a)ainst nee&%ess &e%a+s an& o! o!&e!%+ &is#ha!)e So#ia% Se#(!it+ La"/ as a$en&e&/ &i& then an& the!e 5 o 8(&i#ia% *(siness. Petitione!Cs ai%(!e to "i%% (%%+ an& (n%a" (%%+ ai%/ ne)%e#t an& !e (se an& sti%% seasona*%+ i%e the Petition an& its ai%(!e to #o$p%+ ai%s/ ne)%e#ts an& !e (ses to !e$it to the So#ia% "ith the a o!e;(ote& Ci!#(%a!s o the Co(!t ne#essitate Se#(!it+ S+ste$ #ont!i*(tions o! SSS/ De&i#a!e an& the &enia% o the Petition. E$p%o+ees Co$pensation o! its #o5e!e& e$p%o+ees.6 <esi&es/ e5en i the Petition ha& *een i%e& on Petitione! Sta. Rita $o5e& to &is$iss sai& #!i$ina% #ase ti$e an& ha& #o$p%ie& "ith the Ci!#(%a!s/ it "o(%& The RTC s(staine& petitione!Cs $otion an& sti%% ha5e to *e &enie& as petitione! has ai%e& to &is$isse& the #!i$ina% #ase i%e& a)ainst hi$. It !(%e& sho" that !espon&ent appe%%ate #o(!t #o$$itte& that the De$o!an&($ o A)!ee$ent ente!e& into an+ !e5e!si*%e e!!o! in !en&e!in) the assai%e& *et"een the 9epa!t$ent o La*o! an& E$p%o+$ent &e#ision. (69OLE6) an& the So#ia% Se#(!it+ S+ste$ (6SSS6) e-ten&in) the #o5e!a)e o So#ia% Se#(!it+/ De&i#a% Ca!e an& E$p%o+$ent Co$pensation %a"s to Fi%ipino sea a!e!s on *oa!& o!ei)n 5esse%s "as n(%% an& 5oi& as it "as ente!e& into *+ the A&$inist!ato! o the SSS "itho(t the san#tion o the Co$$ission an& app!o5a% o the P!esi&ent o the Phi%ippines/ in #ont!a5ention o Se#tion @ (a) o R.A. No. 1161/ as a$en&e&. The Peop%e/ th!o()h the So%i#ito! Aene!a%/ i%e& in the Co(!t o Appea%s a petition o! certiorari/ p!ohi*ition an& mandamus assai%in) the o!&e! o &is$issa% iss(e& *+ the t!ia% #o(!t. Respon&ent appe%%ate #o(!t )!ante& the petition. The!ea te!/ petitione! i%e& in this Co(!t a $otion o! e-tension o thi!t+ (?.) &a+s !o$ the e-pi!ation o !e)%e$enta!+ pe!io& "ithin "hi#h to i%e a petition o! !e5ie" on certiorari. The Co(!t )!ante& the $otion an& )a5e petitione! (nti% 9 '(ne 199> to i%e the petition "ith "a!nin) that no (!the! e-tension "i%% *e )i5en. 9espite the "a!nin)/ the petition "as i%e& on%+ on 1? '(ne 199> o! o(! (@) &a+s a te! the &(e &ate. Do!eo5e!/ it ai%e& to #o$p%+ "ith !e;(i!e$ent no. 2 o Ci!#(%a! No. 1G88/ as a$en&e& an& Ci!#(%a! No. 19G91 o the Co(!t as it &i& not #ontain an a i&a5it o se!5i#e o #opies the!eo to !espon&ents. It "as on%+ on 1@ '(%+ 199>/ th!o()h an e&, arte $ani estation/ that the a i&a5it o se!5i#e "as *e%ate&%+ s(*$itte& to this Co(!t. In the Petition o! Re5ie"/ petitione! Sta. Rita #onten&s that the Fi%ipino sea a!e!s !e#!(ite& *+ <. Sta. Rita Co. an& &ep%o+e& on *oa!& o!ei)n 5esse%s o(tsi&e the Phi%ippines a!e e-e$pt !o$ the #o5e!a)e o R.A. No. 1161 (n&e! Se#tion 8 (8) (>) the!eo *+, T.( 6(TITI+, :'ST ;3I4 1'( T+ ,+,/+:64I3,/( *IT. T.( 62+/(1'234 2'4(S % -(S

*+, T.( I,;+2:3TI+, 393I,ST 6(TITI+,(2 IS

S';;I/I(,T- -(S The Co(!t a)!ees "ith the CA that the In o!$ation i%e& a)ainst petitione! "as s( i#ient as it #%ea!%+ state& the &esi)nation o the o ense *+ the stat(te/ i.e. 5io%ation o the So#ia% Se#(!it+ La"/ an& the a#ts o! o$issions #o$p%aine& o as #onstit(tin) the o ense/ i.e./ petitione!Cs ai%(!e to !e$it his #ont!i*(tions to the SSS. The CA o(n& that the!e is rima !acie e5i&en#e to s(ppo!t the a%%e)ations in the In o!$ation an& to "a!!ant the p!ose#(tion o petitione!. *+, T.( 0'(STI+,(1 :(:+23,1': 392((:(,T (1+4(- SSS& IS 534I1- -(S Cont!a!+ to the t!ia% #o(!tCs in&in)/ the De$o!an&($ o A)!ee$ent "as app!o5e& *+ the So#ia% Se#(!it+ Co$$ission pe! the Co$$issionCs Reso%(tion No. @?=/ &ate& 1@ '(%+ 1988. 7pon the othe! han&/ the De$o!an&($ o A)!ee$ent is not a !(%e o! !e)(%ation ena#te& *+ the Co$$ission in the e-e!#ise o the %atte!Cs ;(asiG%e)is%ati5e a(tho!it+ 7n&e! Se#tion @ (a) o R.A. No. 1161/ as a$en&e&/ "hi#h !ea&s as o%%o"s2 Se#. @. $o*ers and #uties o! the Commission. U Fo! the attain$ent o its $ain o*8e#ti5es as set o!th in se#tion t"o he!eo / the Co$$ission sha%% ha5e the o%%o"in) po"e!s an& &(ties2 To a&opt/ a$en& an& !es#in&/ s(*8e#t to the app!o5a% o the P!esi&ent/ s(#h !(%es an& !e)(%ations as $a+ *e ne#essa!+ to #a!!+ o(t the p!o5isions an& p(!poses o this A#t. 3hat the De$o!an&($ o A)!ee$ent &i& "as to !e#o!& the (n&e!stan&in) *et"een the SSS on the one han& an& the 9OLE on the othe! han& that the %atte! "o(%& in#%(&e a$on) the p!o5isions o the Stan&a!& Cont!a#t o E$p%o+$ent !e;(i!e& in #ase o o5e!seas e$p%o+$ent/ a stip(%ation p!o5i&in) o! #o5e!a)e o the Fi%ipino sea a!e! *+ the SSS. The De$o!an&($ o A)!ee$ent is not an i$p%e$entin) !(%e o! !e)(%ation o the So#ia% Se#(!it+ Co$$ission "hi#h/ (n&e! Se#tion @ (a) a*o5e;(ote&/ is s(*8e#t to the app!o5a% o the P!esi&ent. In&ee&/ as a $atte! o st!i#t %a"/ the pa!ti#ipation o the SSS in the esta*%ish$ent *+ the 9OLE o a (ni o!$ stip(%ation in the Stan&a!& Cont!a#t o E$p%o+$ent o! Fi%ipino sea a!e!s "as not ne#essa!+H the De$o!an&($ o A)!ee$ent !e%ate& si$p%+ to the a&$inist!ati5e #on5enien#e o the t"o (2) a)en#ies o )o5e!n$ent. The Stan&a!& Cont!a#t o E$p%o+$ent to *e ente!e& into *et"een o!ei)n shipo"ne!s an& Fi%ipino sea a!e!s is the inst!($ent *+ "hi#h the o!$e! e-p!ess thei! assent to the in#%(sion o the %atte! in the #o5e!a)e o the So#ia% Se#(!it+ A#t. In othe! "o!&s/ the e-tension o the #o5e!a)e o the So#ia% Se#(!it+ S+ste$ to Fi%ipino sea a!e!s a!ises *+ 5i!t(e o the assent )i5en in the #ont!a#t o e$p%o+$ent si)ne& *+ e$p%o+e! an& sea a!e!H that sa$e #ont!a#t *in&s petitione! Sta. Rita o! <. Sta. Rita Co$pan+/ "ho is so%i&a!i%+ %ia*%e "ith the o!ei)n shipo"ne!s:e$p%o+e!s. It $a+ *e note& that o!ei)n shipo"ne!s an& $annin) a)en#ies ha& )ene!a%%+ e-p!esse& thei! #on o!$it+ to the in#%(sion o Fi%ipino sea a!e!s "ithin the #o5e!a)e o the So#ia% Se#(!it+ A#t e5en p!io! to the si)nin) o the 9OLEGSSS De$o!an&($ o A)!ee$ent. It is/ ina%%+/ "o!th+ o spe#ia% note that *+ e-ten&in) the *ene its o the So#ia% Se#(!it+ A#t to Fi%ipino sea a!e!s on *oa!& o!ei)n 5esse%s/ the in&i5i&(a% e$p%o+$ent a)!ee$ents ente!e& into "ith the

stip(%ation 9OLEGSSS

o! s(#h #o5e!a)e #onte$p%ate& in the

>6

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien
De$o!an&($ o A)!ee$ent/ $e!e%+ )i5e e e#t to the #onstit(tiona% $an&ate to the State to a o!& p!ote#tion to %a*o! "hethe! 6%o#a% o! overseas.6 (/2I:62+& *+, T.( 2(I,ST3T(:(,T +; T.( /2I:I,34 /3S( 393I,ST ST3. 2IT3 /+,STIT'T(S 1+' 4( 8(+6321-- ,+ The Co(!t o Appea%s p!ope!%+ he%& that the !einstate$ent o the #!i$ina% #ase a)ainst petitione! &i& not 5io%ate his !i)ht a)ainst &o(*%e 8eopa!&+ sin#e the &is$issa% o the in o!$ation *+ the t!ia% #o(!t ha& *een e e#te& at his o"n instan#e. -. The!e a!e on%+ t"o (2) instan#es "he!e &o(*%e 8eopa!&+ "i%% atta#h not"ithstan&in) the a#t that the #ase "as &is$isse& "ith the e-p!ess #onsent o the a##(se&. The i!st is "he!e the )!o(n& o! &is$issa% is ins( i#ien#+ o e5i&en#e o! the p!ose#(tionH an& the se#on& is "he!e the #!i$ina% p!o#ee&in)s ha5e *een (n!easona*%+ p!o%on)e& in 5io%ation o the a##(se&Cs !i)ht to spee&+ t!ia%. -- Neithe! sit(ation e-ists in the #ase at *a!. The!e is no %e)a% i$pe&i$ent to the !einstate$ent o C!i$ina% Case No. OG 92G?>@26 a)ainst petitione! Sta. Rita. (AS IN ITO LANA ANA 9ISC7SSION A<O7T T0AT/ ARA0.)

>=

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien ANADER SALARAR V. PEOPLE CALLE'O/ SR./ '.2
On '(ne 11/ 199=/ an In o!$ation o! esta a "as i%e& a)ainst he!ein petitione! Ana$e! 9. Sa%aEa! an& #oGa##(se& Nena 'a(#ian Ti$a!io "ith the Re)iona% T!ia% Co(!t o Le)aEpi Cit+. petitione! Ana$e! Sa%aEa! p(!#hase& ?.. cavans o !i#e !o$ '.M. <!othe!s Da!,etin) Co!po!ation/ th!o()h D!. 'e!son Mao. As pa+$ent o! these cavans o !i#e/ the petitione! )a5e the p!i5ate #o$p%ainant Che#, No. .6=@81 &!a"n a)ainst the P!(&entia% <an,/ Le)aEpi Cit+ <!an#h/ &ate& O#to*e! 1>/ 1996/ *+ one Nena 'a(#ian Ti$a!io in the a$o(nt o P21@/.... 'e!son Mao a##epte& the #he#, (pon the petitione!1s ass(!an#e that it "as a )oo& #he#,. The cavans o !i#e "e!e pi#,e& (p the ne-t &a+ *+ the petitione!. 7pon p!esent$ent/ the #he#, "as &ishono!e& *e#a(se it "as &!a"n (n&e! a #%ose& a##o(nt (JA##o(nt C%ose&K). The petitione! "as in o!$e& o s(#h &ishono!. She !ep%a#e& the P!(&entia% <an, #he#, "ith Che#, No. ?6>=.@ &!a"n a)ainst the So%i& <an,/ Le)aEpi <!an#h/ "hi#h/ ho"e5e!/ "as !et(!ne& "ith the "o!& J9A79K (9!a"n A)ainst 7n#o%%e#te& 9eposit). A te! the p!ose#(tion !este& its #ase/ the petitione! i%e& a 9e$(!!e! to E5i&en#e "ith Lea5e o Co(!t a%%e)in) that she #o(%& not *e )(i%t+ o the #!i$e as #ha!)e&. The p!ose#(tion i%e& its #o$$ent:opposition to the petitione!1s &e$(!!e! to e5i&en#e. TC2 !en&e!e& 8(&)$ent a#;(ittin) the petitione! o the #!i$e #ha!)e& *(t o!&e!in) he! to !e$it to the p!i5ate #o$p%ainant the a$o(nt o the #he#, as pa+$ent o! he! p(!#hase. 30EREFORE/ p!e$ises #onsi&e!e&/ the a##(se& Ana$e! 9. Sa%aEa! is he!e*+ ACO7ITTE9 o the #!i$e #ha!)e& *(t is he!e*+ he%& %ia*%e o! the 5a%(e o the ?.. *a)s o !i#e. A##(se& Ana$e! 9. Sa%aEa! is the!e o!e o!&e!e& to pa+ '.M. <!othe!s Da!,etin) Co!po!ation the s($ o P21@/....... Costs a)ainst the a##(se&. In he! petition at *a!/ the petitione! assai%s the o!&e!s o the t!ia% #o(!t #%ai$in) that a te! he! &e$(!!e! to e5i&en#e "as )!ante& *+ the t!ia% #o(!t/ she "as &enie& &(e p!o#ess as she "as not )i5en the oppo!t(nit+ to a&&(#e e5i&en#e to p!o5e that she "as not #i5i%%+ %ia*%e to the p!i5ate !espon&ent. The petitione! in5o,es the app%i#a*i%it+ o R(%e ?? o the R(%es o Ci5i% P!o#e&(!e in this #ase/ #onten&in) that *e o!e *ein) a&8(&)e& %ia*%e to the p!i5ate o en&e& pa!t+/ she sho(%& ha5e *een i!st a##o!&e& the p!o#e&(!a% !e%ie )!ante& in R(%e ??. ISS'() *+, S343?32 S.+'41 ( 923,T(1 T.( 62+/(1'234 2(4I(; I, 2'4( @@- -(S The !ese!5ation o the !i)ht to instit(te sepa!ate%+ the #i5i% a#tion sha%% *e $a&e *e o!e the p!ose#(tion sta!ts p!esentin) its e5i&en#e an& (n&e! #i!#($stan#es a o!&in) the o en&e& pa!t+ a !easona*%e oppo!t(nit+ to $a,e s(#h !ese!5ation. J (*) The #!i$ina% a#tion o! 5io%ation o <atas Pa$*ansa <%). 22 sha%% *e &ee$e& to in#%(&e the #o!!espon&in) #i5i% a#tion. No !ese!5ation to i%e s(#h #i5i% a#tion sepa!ate%+ sha%% *e a%%o"e&.K The #!i$ina% a#tion has a &(a% p(!pose/ na$e%+/ the p(nish$ent o the o en&e! an& in&e$nit+ to the o en&e& pa!t+. The &o$inant an& p!i$o!&ia% o*8e#ti5e o the #!i$ina% a#tion is the p(nish$ent o the o en&e!. The #i5i% a#tion is $e!e%+ in#i&enta% to an& #onse;(ent to the #on5i#tion o the a##(se&. The !eason o! this is that #!i$ina% a#tions a!e p!i$a!i%+ inten&e& to 5in&i#ate an o(t!a)e a)ainst the so5e!ei)nt+ o the state an& to i$pose the app!op!iate pena%t+ o! the 5in&i#ation o the &ist(!*an#e to the so#ia% o!&e! #a(se& *+ the o en&e!. On the

othe! han&/ the a#tion *et"een the p!i5ate #o$p%ainant an& the a##(se& is inten&e& so%e%+ to in&e$ni + the o!$e!. 7n%ess the o en&e& pa!t+ "ai5es the #i5i% a#tion o! !ese!5es the !i)ht to instit(te it sepa!ate%+ o! instit(tes the #i5i% a#tion p!io! to the #!i$ina% a#tion/ the!e a!e t"o a#tions in5o%5e& in a #!i$ina% #ase. The i!st is the #!i$ina% a#tion o! the p(nish$ent o the o en&e!. The pa!ties a!e the Peop%e o the Phi%ippines as the p%ainti an& the a##(se&. In a #!i$ina% a#tion/ the p!i5ate #o$p%ainant is $e!e%+ a "itness o! the State on the #!i$ina% aspe#t o the a#tion. The se#on& is the #i5i% a#tion a!isin) !o$ the &e%i#t. The p!i5ate #o$p%ainant is the p%ainti an& the a##(se& is the &e en&ant. The!e is a $e!)e! o the t!ia% o the t"o #ases to a5oi& $(%tip%i#it+ o s(its. The ;(ant($ o e5i&en#e on the #!i$ina% aspe#t o the #ase is p!oo *e+on& !easona*%e &o(*t/ "hi%e in the #i5i% aspe#t o the a#tion/ the ;(ant($ o e5i&en#e is p!epon&e!an#e o e5i&en#e. 7n&e! Se#tion ?/ R(%e 1 o the 199= R(%es o C!i$ina% P!o#e&(!e/ the sai& !(%es sha%% )o5e!n the p!o#e&(!e to *e o*se!5e& in a#tion/ #i5i% o! #!i$ina%. The p!ose#(tion p!esents its e5i&en#e not on%+ to p!o5e the )(i%t o the a##(se& *e+on& !easona*%e &o(*t *(t a%so to p!o5e the #i5i% %ia*i%it+ o the a##(se& to the o en&e& pa!t+. A te! the p!ose#(tion has !este& its #ase/ the a##(se& sha%% a&&(#e its e5i&en#e not on%+ on the #!i$ina% *(t a%so on the #i5i% aspe#t o the #ase. At the #on#%(sion o the t!ia%/ the #o(!t sho(%& !en&e! 8(&)$ent not on%+ on the #!i$ina% aspe#t o the #ase *(t a%so on the #i5i% aspe#t the!eo . In #ase the 8(&)$ent is o a#;(itta%/ it sha%% state "hethe! the e5i&en#e o the p!ose#(tion a*so%(te%+ ai%e& to p!o5e the )(i%t o the a##(se& o! $e!e%+ ai%e& to p!o5e his )(i%t *e+on& !easona*%e &o(*t. In eithe! #ase/ the 8(&)$ent sha%% &ete!$ine i the a#t o! o$ission !o$ "hi#h the #i5i% %ia*i%it+ $i)ht a!ise &i& not e-ist. The a#;(itta% o the a##(se& &oes not p!e5ent a 8(&)$ent a)ainst hi$ on the #i5i% aspe#t o the #ase "he!e (a) the a#;(itta% is *ase& on !easona*%e &o(*t as on%+ p!epon&e!an#e o e5i&en#e is !e;(i!e&H (*) "he!e the #o(!t &e#%a!e& that the %ia*i%it+ o the a##(se& is on%+ #i5i%H (#) "he!e the #i5i% %ia*i%it+ o the a##(se& &oes not a!ise !o$ o! is not *ase& (pon the #!i$e o "hi#h the a##(se& "as a#;(itte&. . I the a##(se& is a#;(itte& on !easona*%e &o(*t *(t the #o(!t !en&e!s 8(&)$ent on the #i5i% aspe#t o the #!i$ina% #ase/ the p!ose#(tion #annot appea% !o$ the 8(&)$ent o a#;(itta% as it "o(%& p%a#e the a##(se& in &o(*%e 8eopa!&+. 0o"e5e!/ the a))!ie5e& pa!t+/ the o en&e& pa!t+ o! the a##(se& o! *oth $a+ appea% !o$ the 8(&)$ent on the #i5i% aspe#t o the #ase "ithin the pe!io& the!e o!. A te! the p!ose#(tion has !este& its #ase/ the a##(se& has the option eithe! to (a) i%e a &e$(!!e! to e5i&en#e "ith o! "itho(t %ea5e o #o(!t (n&e! Se#tion 2?/ R(%e 119 o the Re5ise& R(%es o C!i$ina% P!o#e&(!e/ o! to (*) a&&(#e his e5i&en#e (n%ess he "ai5es the sa$e I the #o(!t &enies the &e$(!!e! to e5i&en#e i%e& "ith %ea5e o #o(!t/ the a##(se& $a+ a&&(#e e5i&en#e in his &e ense. 3hen the &e$(!!e! to e5i&en#e is i%e& "itho(t %ea5e o #o(!t/ the a##(se& "ai5es his !i)ht to p!esent e5i&en#e an& s(*$its the #ase o! 8(&)$ent on the *asis o the e5i&en#e o! the p!ose#(tion. I &e$(!!e! is )!ante& an& the a##(se& is a#;(itte& *+

the #o(!t/ the a##(se& has the !i)ht to a&&(#e e5i&en#e on the #i5i% aspe#t o the #ase (n%ess the #o(!t a%so &e#%a!es that the a#t o! o$ission

>8

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien
!o$ "hi#h the #i5i% %ia*i%it+ $a+ a!ise &i& not e-ist. I the t!ia% #o(!t iss(es an o!&e! o! !en&e!s 8(&)$ent not on%+ )!antin) the &e$(!!e! to e5i&en#e o the a##(se& an& a#;(ittin) hi$ *(t a%so on the #i5i% %ia*i%it+ o the a##(se& to the p!i5ate o en&e& pa!t+/ sai& 8(&)$ent on the #i5i% aspe#t o the #ase "o(%& *e a n(%%it+ o! the !eason that the #onstit(tiona% !i)ht o the a##(se& to &(e p!o#ess is the!e*+ 5io%ate& The p!in#ip%es in& (ni5e!sa% a##eptan#e an& a!e te!se%+ e-p!esse& in the o tG;(ote& state$ent that p!o#e&(!a% &(e p!o#ess #annot possi*%+ *e $et "itho(t a J%a" "hi#h hea!s *e o!e it #on&e$ns/ "hi#h p!o#ee&s (pon in;(i!+ an& !en&e!s 8(&)$ent on%+ a te! t!ia%.K This is so *e#a(se "hen the a##(se& i%es a &e$(!!e! to e5i&en#e/ the a##(se& has not +et a&&(#e& e5i&en#e *oth on the #!i$ina% an& #i5i% aspe#ts o the #ase. The on%+ e5i&en#e on !e#o!& is the e5i&en#e o! the p!ose#(tion.

>9

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien PEOPLE OF T0E P0ILIPPINES/ et a%./ 5s. PANFILO D. LACSON. DAM 28/ 2..2
On Da+ 18/ 199>/ then PNP 9i!e#to!GAene!a% Re#a!e&o Sa!$iento II anno(n#e&/ in a p!ess #on e!en#e/ the ,i%%in) o e%e5en (11) $e$*e!s o the Guratong "aleleng Aan) (4<A) in a shooto(t "ith po%i#e e%e$ents nea! the %+Go5e! a%on) Co$$on"ea%th A5en(e/ O(eEon Cit+ at a*o(t @2.. A.D. that &a+. On Da+ 22/ 199>/ $o!nin) pape!s #a!!ie& the ne"s that SPO2 E&(a!&o &e%os Re+es ha& #%ai$e& that the ,i%%in) o the e%e5en (11) )an) $e$*e!s "as a J!(*Go(tK o! s($$a!+ e-e#(tion an& not a shooto(t. On Da+ 26/ 199>/ SPO2 Co!aEon &e%a C!(E/ anothe! CIC in5esti)ato!/ e-e#(te& an a i&a5it #o!!o*o!atin) the $ate!ia% a%%e)ations o &e%os Re+es. 9e%a C!(E #%ai$e& that she "as "ith &e%os Re+es !o$ the ti$e the e%e5en (11) 4<A $e$*e!s "e!e a!!este& (p to the ti$e the+ "e!e ,i%%e& in Co$$on"ea%th A5en(e. On Da+ ?1/ 199>/ A!$an&o Capi%i/ a !epo!te! o Remate5 e-e#(te& an a i&a5it statin) that he "as p!esent "hen the 4<A $e$*e!s "e!e a!!este& in S(pe!5i%%e S(*&i5ision. On '(ne 1/ 199>/ Chie S(pe!inten&ent 'o* A. Da+o/ PNP 9i!e#to! o! In5esti)ation/ i%e& $(!&e! #ha!)es "ith the O i#e o the O$*(&s$an a)ainst ninet+G se5en (9=) o i#e!s an& pe!sonne% o A<RITFA. The ne-tGo G,in o the s%ain 4<A $e$*e!s a%so i%e& $(!&e! #ha!)es a)ainst the sa$e o i#e!s an& pe!sonne%. On No5e$*e! 2/ 199>/ the O$*(&s$an i%e& *e o!e the 0andiganba+an e%e5en (11) In o!$ations o! D7R9ER/ &o#,ete& as C!i$ina% Cases Nos. 2?.@= to 2?.>=/ a)ainst !espon&ent Pan i%o D. La#son an& t"ent+G i5e (2>) othe! a##(se&. 7pon $otion o the !espon&ent/ the #!i$ina% #ases "e!e !e$an&e& to the O$*(&s$an o! !ein5esti)ation. On Da!#h 1/ 1996/ A$en&e& In o!$ations "e!e i%e& a)ainst the sa$e t"ent+G si- (26) s(spe#ts *(t the pa!ti#ipation o !espon&ent La#son "as &o"n)!a&e& !o$ p!in#ipa% to a##esso!+ (TAC4LE9 IN LACSON V. EZEC. SEC.) <e o!e the a##(se& #o(%& *e a!!ai)ne&/ p!ose#(tion "itnesses E&(a!&o &e %os Re+es/ Co!aEon &e %a C!(E/ A!$an&o Capi%i an& 'ane Ao$eE !e#ante& thei! a i&a5its "hi#h i$p%i#ate& !espon&ent La#son in the $(!&e! o the 4<A $e$*e!s. On the othe! han&/ p!i5ate #o$p%ainants D+!na A*a%o!a/ Leono!a A$o!a/ Nenita A%apGap/ I$e%&a Donte!o/ Da!)a!ita Re&i%%as/ Ca!$e%ita E%#a$e% an& Ro%an&o Sip%on a%so e-e#(te& thei! !espe#ti5e a i&a5its o &esistan#e &e#%a!in) that the+ "e!e no %on)e! inte!este& to p!ose#(te these #ases. 9(e to these &e5e%op$ents/ the t"ent+Gsi(26) a##(se&/ in#%(&in) !espon&ent La#son/ i%e& i5e sepa!ate *(t i&enti#a% $otions to (1) $a,e a 8(&i#ia% &ete!$ination o the e-isten#e o p!o*a*%e #a(se o! the iss(an#e o "a!!ants o a!!estH (2) ho%& in a*e+an#e the iss(an#e o the "a!!ants/ an& (?) &is$iss the #ases sho(%& the t!ia% #o(!t in& %a#, o p!o*a*%e #a(se. The !e#o!&s o the #ase *e o!e (s a!e not #%ea! "hethe! the p!i5ate o en&e& pa!ties "e!e noti ie& o the hea!in) on Da!#h 22/ 1999 he%& *+ '(&)e A)ni! to !eso%5e the $otions i%e& *+ !espon&ent La#son an& the othe! a##(se&. On Da!#h 2=/ 2..1/ PNP 9i!e#to! Lean&!o R. Den&oEa in&o!se& to the 9epa!t$ent o '(sti#e the ne" a i&a5its o P:Insp. Ms$ae% S. M( an& P:S Insp. A*e%a!&o Ra$os !e)a!&in) the Guratong "aleleng in#i&ent o! p!e%i$ina!+ in5esti)ation. On the st!en)th o this in&o!se$ent/ Se#!eta!+ o '(sti#e 0e!nan&o <. Pe!eE o!$e& a pane% to in5esti)ate the $atte!..

On Da+ 28/ 2..1/ !espon&ent La#son/ et a%./ in5o,in)/ a$on) othe!s/ thei! #onstit(tiona% !i)ht a)ainst &o(*%e 8eopa!&+/ i%e& a petition o! p!ohi*ition "ith app%i#ation o! te$po!a!+ !est!ainin) o!&e! an&:o! "!it o p!e%i$ina!+ in8(n#tion "ith the Re)iona% T!ia% Co(!t o Dani%a/ p!i$a!i%+ to en8oin the State p!ose#(to!s !o$ #on&(#tin) the p!e%i$ina!+ in5esti)ation. On '(ne 6/ 2..1/ e%e5en (11) In o!$ations o! $(!&e! in5o%5in) the ,i%%in) o the sa$e $e$*e!s o the Guratong "aleleng )an) "e!e i%e& *e o!e the Re)iona% T!ia% Co(!t o O(eEon. The ne" In o!$ations #ha!)e& as p!in#ipa%s thi!t+G o(! (?@) peop%e/ in#%(&in) !espon&ent La#son an& his t"ent+G i5e (2>) othe! #oG a##(se&. The #!i$ina% #ases "e!e assi)ne& to '(&)e Da. The!esa L. Ma&ao. The Co(!t o Appea%s iss(e& a te$po!a!+ !est!ainin) o!&e! en8oinin) '(&)e Ma&ao !o$ iss(in) a "a!!ant o a!!est o! #on&(#tin) an+ p!o#ee&in) o! hea!in) in C!i$ina% Cases Nos. .1G 1.11.2 to .1G 1.1112. On A()(st 2@/ 2..1/ the Co(!t o Appea%s (Spe#ia% Thi!& 9i5ision)/ !en&e!e& the no" assai%e& 9e#ision. It #ha!a#te!iEe& the te!$ination o C!i$ina% Cases Nos. OG99G816=9 to OG99G 81689 as Jp!o5isiona% &is$issa%/K an& #onsi&e!e& C!i$ina% Cases Nos. .1G1.11.2 to .1G1.1112 as $e!e !e5i5a%s o the sa$e. App%+in) Se#tion 8/ R(%e 11= o the 2... Re5ise& R(%es o C!i$ina% P!o#e&(!e/ it &is$isse& the #!i$ina% #ases a)ainst the !espon&ent ISS'() whether Section A, 2ule BBC bars the filing of the ele"en (BB& informations against the respondent 4acson in"ol"ing the killing of some members of the Duratong aleleng gang,+ (3T 4(3ST ,+T -(T& Li,e an+ othe! a5o!a*%e p!o#e&(!a% !(%e/ this ne" !(%e #an *e )i5en !et!oa#ti5e e e#t. 0o"e5e!/ this Co(!t #annot !(%e on this 8()(%a! iss(e &(e to the %a#, o s( i#ient a#t(a% *ases. Th(s/ the!e is nee& o p!oo o the o%%o"in) a#ts/ viz. (1) "hethe! the p!o5isiona% &is$issa% o the #ases ha& the e-p!ess #onsent o the a##(se&H (2) "hethe! it "as o!&e!e& *+ the #o(!t a te! noti#e to the o en&e& pa!t+/ (?) "hethe! the 2G+ea! pe!io& to !e5i5e has a%!ea&+ %apse&/ an& (@) "hethe! the!e is an+ 8(sti i#ation o! the i%in) o the #ases *e+on& the 2G+ea! pe!io&. The!e is no (n#e!taint+ "ith !espe#t to the a#t that the p!o5isiona% &is$issa% o the #ases a)ainst !espon&ent La#son *ea!s his e-p!ess #onsent. It "as !espon&ent La#son hi$se% "ho $o5e& to &is$iss the s(*8e#t #ases o! %a#, o p!o*a*%e #a(se *e o!e then '(&)e A)ni!/ hen#e/ it is *e+on& a!)($ent that thei! &is$issa% *ea!s his e-p!ess #onsent. The !e#o!&s o the #ase/ ho"e5e!/ &o not !e5ea% "ith e;(a% #%a!it+ an& #on#%(si5eness "hethe! noti#es to the o en&e& pa!ties "e!e )i5en *e o!e the #ases a)ainst the !espon&ent La#son "e!e &is$isse& *+ then '(&)e A)ni!. The iss(e o "hethe! o! not the !ein5esti)ation is *a!!e& *+ Se#tion 8/ R(%e 11= "as not ta#,%e& *+ the %iti)ants at the RTC %e5e%. No! "as the a#t o noti#e to the o en&e& pa!ties the s(*8e#t o p!oo a te! the e%e5en (11) in o!$ations o! $(!&e! a)ainst !espon&ent La#son an& #o$pan+ "e!e !e5i5e& in the RTC o O(eEon Cit+ p!esi&e& *+ '(&)e Ma&ao. The!e "as ha!&%+ an+ p!o#ee&in) #on&(#te& in the #ase o! !espon&ent La#son i$$e&iate%+ i%e& a petition o!

#e!tio!a!i in the appe%%ate #o(!t #ha%%en)in)/ othe!s/ the a(tho!it+ o '(&)e Ma&ao to

a$on)

6.

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien
ente!tain the !e5i5e& in o!$ations o! $(%tip%e $(!&e! a)ainst hi$. This is not to *e "on&e!e& at. The app%i#a*i%it+ o Se#tion 8/ R(%e 11= "as ne5e! #onsi&e!e& in the t!ia% #o(!t. It "as in the Co(!t o Appea%s "he!e !espon&ent La#son !aise& o! the i!st ti$e the a!)($ent that Se#tion 8/ R(%e 11= *a!s the !e5i5a% o the $(%tip%e $(!&e! #ases a)ainst hi$. In&ee&/ the !e#o!&s o this #ase a!e in#on#%(si5e on the a#t(a% iss(e o "hethe! the $(%tip%e $(!&e! #ases a)ainst !espon&ent La#son a!e *ein) !e5i5e& "ithin o! *e+on& the 2G+ea! *a!. The !e#,onin) &ate o the 2G+ea! *a! has to *e i!st &ete!$ine& G G G "hethe! it is !o$ the &ate o the O!&e! o then '(&)e A)ni! &is$issin) the #ases o! !o$ the &ates the O!&e! "e!e !e#ei5e& *+ the 5a!io(s o en&e& pa!ties o! !o$ the &ate o the e e#ti5it+ o the ne" !(%e. I the #ases "e!e !e5i5e& on%+ a te! the 2G+ea! *a!/ the State $(st *e )i5en the oppo!t(nit+ to 8(sti + its ai%(!e to #o$p%+ "ith sai& ti$e%ine. The ne" !(%e i-es a ti$e%ine to pena%iEe the State o! its ine-#(sa*%e &e%a+ in p!ose#(tin) #ases a%!ea&+ i%e& in #o(!ts. It #an the!e o!e p!esent #o$pe%%in) !easons to 8(sti + the !e5i5a% o #ases *e+on& the 2G+ea! *a!. In %i)ht o the %a#, o o! the #on %i#tin) e5i&en#e on the 5a!io(s !e;(i!e$ents to &ete!$ine the app%i#a*i%it+ o Se#tion 8/ R(%e 11=/ this Co(!t is not in a position to !(%e "hethe! o! not the !eG i%in) o the #ases o! $(%tip%e $(!&e! a)ainst !espon&ent La#son sho(%& *e en8oine&. F(n&a$enta% ai!ness !e;(i!es that *oth the p!ose#(tion an& the !espon&ent La#son sho(%& *e a o!&e& the oppo!t(nit+ to *e hea!& an& to a&&(#e e5i&en#e on the p!esen#e o! a*sen#e o the p!e&i#ate a#ts (pon "hi#h the app%i#ation o the ne" !(%e &epen&s. >0*PO*0$0?2@ #ase at *a! is !e$an&e& to the RTC G O(eEon Cit+/ <!an#h 81 so that the State p!ose#(to!s an& the !espon&ent La#son #an a&&(#e e5i&en#e an& *e hea!& on "hethe! the !e;(i!e$ents o Se#tion 8/ R(%e 11= ha5e *een #o$p%ie& "ith on the *asis o the e5i&en#e o "hi#h the t!ia% #o(!t sho(%& $a,e a !(%in) on "hethe! the In o!$ations in C!i$ina% Cases Nos. .1G 1.11.2 to .1G1.1112 sho(%& *e &is$isse& o! not. Pen&in) the !(%in)/ the t!ia% #o(!t is !est!aine& !o$ iss(in) an+ "a!!ant o a!!est a)ainst the !espon&ent

61

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien PEOPLE V LACSON APRIL 1/ 2..?
<e o!e the Co(!t is the petitione!s1 Dotion o! Re#onsi&e!ation o the Reso%(tion &ate& Da+ 28/ 2..2 ISS'() *+, S(/TI+, A, 2'4( BBC +; T.( 2(5IS(1 2'4(S +; /2I:I,34 62+/(1'2( IS 3664I/3 4( T+ /2I:I,34 /3S(S ,+S. 0-EEABFCE T+ 0-EE-ABFAE- ,+ 0a5in) in5o,e& Se#tion 8/ R(%e 11= o the Re5ise& R(%es o C!i$ina% P!o#e&(!e *e o!e the petitione!sGpane% o p!ose#(to!s an& *e o!e the Co(!t o Appea%s/ the !espon&ent is *(!&ene& to esta*%ish the essentia% !e;(isites o the i!st pa!a)!aph the!eo / na$e%+2 1. the p!ose#(tion "ith the e-p!ess #on o!$it+ o the a##(se& o! the a##(se& $o5es o! a p!o5isiona% (sin er=uicio) &is$issa% o the #aseH o! *oth the p!ose#(tion an& the a##(se& $o5e o! a p!o5isiona% &is$issa% o the #aseH 2. the o en&e& pa!t+ is noti ie& o the $otion o! a p!o5isiona% &is$issa% o the #aseH ?. the #o(!t iss(es an o!&e! )!antin) the $otion an& &is$issin) the #ase p!o5isiona%%+H @. the p(*%i# p!ose#(to! is se!5e& "ith a #op+ o the o!&e! o p!o5isiona% &is$issa% o the #ase. The o!e)oin) !e;(i!e$ents a!e #on&itions sine )ua non to the app%i#ation o the ti$eG*a! in the se#on& pa!a)!aph o the ne" !(%e. The raison dH etre o! the !e;(i!e$ent o the e-p!ess #onsent o the a##(se& to a p!o5isiona% &is$issa% o a #!i$ina% #ase is to *a! hi$ !o$ s(*se;(ent%+ asse!tin) that the !e5i5a% o the #!i$ina% #ase "i%% p%a#e hi$ in &o(*%e 8eopa!&+ o! the sa$e o ense o! o! an o ense ne#essa!i%+ in#%(&e& the!ein. A%tho()h the se#on& pa!a)!aph o the ne" !(%e states that the o!&e! o &is$issa% sha%% *e#o$e pe!$anent one +ea! a te! the iss(an#e the!eo "itho(t the #ase ha5in) *een !e5i5e&/ the p!o5ision sho(%& *e #onst!(e& to $ean that the o!&e! o &is$issa% sha%% *e#o$e pe!$anent one +ea! a te! se!5i#e o the o!&e! o &is$issa% on the p(*%i# p!ose#(to! "ho has #ont!o% o the p!ose#(tion "itho(t the #!i$ina% #ase ha5in) *een !e5i5e&. The p(*%i# p!ose#(to! #annot *e e-pe#te& to #o$p%+ "ith the ti$e%ine (n%ess he is se!5e& "ith a #op+ o the o!&e! o &is$issa%. E-p!ess #onsent to a p!o5isiona% &is$issa% is )i5en eithe! viva voce o! in "!itin). It is a positi5e/ &i!e#t/ (ne;(i5o#a% #onsent !e;(i!in) no in e!en#e o! i$p%i#ation to s(pp%+ its $eanin). 3he!e the a##(se& "!ites on the $otion o a p!ose#(to! o! a p!o5isiona% &is$issa% o the #ase -o ob=ection o! @ith m+ con!ormit+/ the "!itin) a$o(nts to e-p!ess #onsent o the a##(se& to a p!o5isiona% &is$issa% o the #ase. $he mere inaction or silence of the accused to a motion for a provisional dismissal of the case or his failure to ob(ect to a provisional dismissal does not amount to e3press consent. A $otion o the a##(se& o! a p!o5isiona% &is$issa% o a #ase is an e-p!ess #onsent to s(#h p!o5isiona% &is$issa%. I a #!i$ina% #ase is p!o5isiona%%+ &is$isse& "ith the e-p!ess #onsent o the a##(se&/ the #ase $a+ *e !e5i5e& on%+ "ithin the pe!io&s p!o5i&e& in the ne" !(%e. On the othe! han&/ i a #!i$ina% #ase is p!o5isiona%%+ &is$isse& "itho(t the e-p!ess #onsent o the a##(se& o! o5e! his o*8e#tion/ the ne" !(%e "o(%& not app%+. The #ase $a+ *e !e5i5e& o! !e i%e& e5en *e+on& the p!es#!i*e& pe!io&s s(*8e#t to the !i)ht o the a##(se& to oppose the sa$e on the )!o(n& o &o(*%e 8eopa!&+ o! that s(#h !e5i5a% o! !e i%in) is *a!!e& *+ the stat(te o %i$itations. The #ase $a+ *e !e5i5e& *+ the State "ithin the ti$eG*a! eithe! *+ the !e i%in) o the In o!$ation o! *+ the i%in) o a ne"

In o!$ation o! the sa$e o ense o! an o ense ne#essa!i%+ in#%(&e& the!ein. The!e "o(%& *e no nee& o a ne" p!e%i$ina!+ in5esti)ation. 0o"e5e!/ in a #ase "he!ein a te! the p!o5isiona% &is$issa% o a #!i$ina% #ase/ the o!i)ina% "itnesses o the p!ose#(tion o! so$e o the$ $a+ ha5e !e#ante& thei! testi$onies o! $a+ ha5e &ie& o! $a+ no %on)e! *e a5ai%a*%e an& ne" "itnesses o! the State ha5e e$e!)e&/ a ne" p!e%i$ina!+ in5esti)ation $(st *e #on&(#te& *e o!e an In o!$ation is !e i%e& o! a ne" In o!$ation is i%e&. A ne" p!e%i$ina!+ in5esti)ation is a%so !e;(i!e& i asi&e !o$ the o!i)ina% a##(se&/ othe! pe!sons a!e #ha!)e& (n&e! a ne" #!i$ina% #o$p%aint o! the sa$e o ense o! ne#essa!i%+ in#%(&e& the!einH o! i (n&e! a ne" #!i$ina% #o$p%aint/ the o!i)ina% #ha!)e has *een (p)!a&e&H o! i (n&e! a ne" #!i$ina% #o$p%aint/ the #!i$ina% %ia*i%it+ o the a##(se& is (p)!a&e& !o$ that as an a##esso!+ to that as a p!in#ipa%. The a##(se& $(st *e a##o!&e& the !i)ht to s(*$it #o(nte!Ga i&a5its an& e5i&en#e. A te! a%%/ Jthe is#a% is not #a%%e& *+ the R(%es o Co(!t to "ait in a$*(shH the !o%e o a is#a% is not $ain%+ to p!ose#(te *(t essentia%%+ to &o 8(sti#e to e5e!+ $an an& to assist the #o(!t in &ispensin) that 8(sti#e.K In this #ase/ the !espon&ent has ai%e& to p!o5e that the i!st an& se#on& !e;(isites o the i!st pa!a)!aph o the ne" !(%e "e!e p!esent "hen '(&)e A)ni!/ '!. &is$isse& C!i$ina% Cases Nos. OG 99G816=9 to OG99G81689. I!!e !a)a*%+/ the p!ose#(tion &i& not i%e an+ $otion o! the p!o5isiona% &is$issa% o the sai& #!i$ina% #ases. Fo! his pa!t/ the !espon&ent $e!e%+ i%e& a $otion o! 8(&i#ia% &ete!$ination o p!o*a*%e #a(se an& o! e-a$ination o p!ose#(tion "itnesses. The !espon&ent &i& not p!a+ o! the &is$issa%/ p!o5isiona% o! othe!"ise/ o C!i$ina% Cases Nos. OG 99G816=9 to OG99G81689. Neithe! &i& he e5e! a)!ee/ i$p%ie&%+ o! e-p!ess%+/ to a $e!e p!o5isiona% &is$issa% o the #ases. The !espon&ent1s a&$issions $a&e in the #o(!se o the p!o#ee&in)s in the Co(!t o Appea%s a!e *in&in) an& #on#%(si5e on hi$. The !espon&ent is *a!!e& !o$ !ep(&iatin) his a&$issions a*sent e5i&en#e o pa%pa*%e $ista,e in $a,in) s(#h a&$issions. To app%+ the ne" !(%e in C!i$ina% Cases Nos. OG99G 816=9 to OG 99G81689 "o(%& *e to a&& to o! $a,e e-#eptions !o$ the ne" !(%e "hi#h a!e not e-p!ess%+ o! i$p%ie&%+ in#%(&e& the!ein. This the Co(!t #annot an& sho(%& not &o. The Co(!t a%so a)!ees "ith the petitione!s1 #ontention that no noti#e o an+ $otion o! the p!o5isiona% &is$issa% o C!i$ina% Cases Nos. OG99G 816=9 to OG99G81689 o! o the hea!in) the!eon "as se!5e& on the hei!s o the 5i#ti$s at %east th!ee &a+s *e o!e sai& hea!in) as $an&ate& *+ R(%e 1>/ Se#tion @ o the R(%es o Co(!t. It $(st *e *o!ne in $in& that in #!i$es in5o%5in) p!i5ate inte!ests/ the ne" !(%e !e;(i!es that the o en&e& pa!t+ o! pa!ties o! the hei!s o the 5i#ti$s $(st *e )i5en a&e;(ate a riori noti#e o an+ $otion o! the p!o5isiona% &is$issa% o the #!i$ina% #ase. S(#h noti#e $a+ *e se!5e& on the o en&e& pa!t+ o! the hei!s o the 5i#ti$ th!o()h the p!i5ate p!ose#(to!/ i the!e is one/ o! th!o()h the p(*%i# p!ose#(to! "ho in t(!n $(st !e%a+ the noti#e to the o en&e& pa!t+ o! the hei!s o the 5i#ti$ to ena*%e the$ to #on e! "ith hi$ *e o!e the hea!in) o! appea! in #o(!t &(!in) the hea!in). The p!oo o s(#h

se!5i#e $(st *e sho"n &(!in) the hea!in) on the $otion/ othe!"ise/ the !e;(i!e$ent o the ne" !(%e "i%% *e#o$e i%%(so!+

62

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien
Sin#e the #on&itions sine )ua non o! the app%i#ation o the ne" !(%e "e!e not p!esent "hen '(&)e A)ni!/ '!. iss(e& his !eso%(tion/ the State is not *a!!e& *+ the ti$e %i$it set o!th in the se#on& pa!a)!aph o Se#tion 8 o R(%e 11= o the Re5ise& R(%es o C!i$ina% P!o#e&(!e. The State #an th(s !e5i5e o! !e i%e C!i$ina% Cases Nos. OG99G816=9 to OG99G81689 o! i%e ne" In o!$ations o! $(%tip%e $(!&e! a)ainst the !espon&ent. *+, T.( TI:(- 32 I, S(/TI+, A, 2'4( BBC +; T.( 2(5IS(1 2'4(S +; /2I:I,34 62+/(1'2( S.+'41 ( 3664I(1 2(T2+3/TI5(4-- ,+ The ne" !(%e is not a stat(te o %i$itations. Stat(tes o %i$itations a!e #onst!(e& as a#ts o )!a#e/ an& a s(!!en&e! *+ the so5e!ei)n o its !i)ht to p!ose#(te o! o its !i)ht to p!ose#(te at its &is#!etion On the othe! han&/ the ti$eG*a! (n&e! Se#tion 8 o R(%e 11= is a,in to a spe#ia% p!o#e&(!a% %i$itation ;(a%i +in) the !i)ht o the State to p!ose#(te $a,in) the ti$eG*a! an essen#e o the )i5en !i)ht o! as an inhe!ent pa!t the!eo / so that the %apse o the ti$eG *a! ope!ates to e-tin)(ish the !i)ht o the State to p!ose#(te the a##(se&. The ti$eG*a! (n&e! the ne" !(%e &oes not !e&(#e the pe!io&s (n&e! A!ti#%e 9. o the Re5ise& Pena% Co&e/ a s(*stanti5e %a". It is *(t a %i$itation o the !i)ht o the State to !e5i5e a #!i$ina% #ase a)ainst the a##(se& a te! the In o!$ation ha& *een i%e& *(t s(*se;(ent%+ p!o5isiona%%+ &is$isse& "ith the e-p!ess #onsent o the a##(se&. 7pon the %apse o the ti$e%ine (n&e! the ne" !(%e/ the State is p!es($e&/ a%*eit &isp(ta*%+/ to ha5e a*an&one& o! "ai5e& its !i)ht to !e5i5e the #ase an& p!ose#(te the a##(se&. The Co(!t a)!ees "ith the !espon&ent that p!o#e&(!a% %a"s $a+ *e app%ie& !et!oa#ti5e%+. In Tan5 Jr. v. Court o! A eals5 this Co(!t he%& that2KStat(tes !e)(%atin) the p!o#e&(!e o the #o(!ts "i%% *e #onst!(e& as app%i#a*%e to a#tions pen&in) an& (n&ete!$ine& at the ti$e o thei! passa)e. P!o#e&(!a% %a"s a!e !et!oa#ti5e in that sense an& to that e-tent. The a#t that p!o#e&(!a% stat(tes $a+ so$eho" a e#t the %iti)ants1 !i)hts $a+ not p!e#%(&e thei! !et!oa#ti5e app%i#ation to pen&in) a#tions. The !et!oa#ti5e app%i#ation o p!o#e&(!a% %a"s is not 5io%ati5e o an+ !i)ht o a pe!son "ho $a+ ee% that he is a&5e!se%+ a e#te&. No! is the !et!oa#ti5e app%i#ation o p!o#e&(!a% stat(tes #onstit(tiona%%+ o*8e#tiona*%e. The !eason is that as a )ene!a% !(%e no 5este& !i)ht $a+ atta#h to/ no! a!ise !o$/ p!o#e&(!a% %a"s. It has *een he%& that Ja pe!son has no 5este& !i)ht in an+ pa!ti#(%a! !e$e&+/ an& a %iti)ant #annot insist on the app%i#ation to the t!ia% o his #ase/ "hethe! #i5i% o! #!i$ina%/ o an+ othe! than the e-istin) !(%es o p!o#e&(!e.K >0*PO*0$0?22 D.R. ARANTE9H RTC 9IRECTE9 TO FORT03IT0 PROCEE9 3IT0 T0E CRIDINAL CASES

6?

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien PEOPLE V. LACSON OCTO<ER =/ 2..?
<e o!e the Co(!t a!e the o%%o"in) $otions o the !espon&ent/ to "it2 (a) O$ni*(s DotionH (*) Dotion o! Re#onsi&e!ationH (#) S(pp%e$ent to Dotion o! Re#onsi&e!ationH (&) Dotion To Set o! O!a% A!)($ents RESPON9ENT asse!ts that p(!s(ant to a %on) %ine o 8(!isp!(&en#e an& a %on)Gstan&in) 8(&i#ia% p!a#ti#e in app%+in) pena% %a"/ Se#tion 8/ R(%e 11= o the RRCP sho(%& *e app%ie& p!ospe#ti5e%+ an& !et!oa#ti5e%+ "itho(t !ese!5ations/ on%+ an& so%e%+ on the *asis o its *ein) a5o!a*%e to the a##(se&. 0e asse!ts that #ase %a" on the !et!oa#ti5e app%i#ation o pena% %a"s sho(%& %i,e"ise app%+ to #!i$ina% p!o#e&(!e/ it *ein) a *!an#h o #!i$ina% %a". The !espon&ent insists that Se#tion 8 "as p(!pose%+ #!a te& an& in#%(&e& as a ne" p!o5ision to !ein o!#e the #onstit(tiona% !i)ht o the a##(se& to a spee&+ &isposition o his #ase. A##o!&in)%+/ p!ospe#ti5e app%i#ation the!eo "o(%& in e e#t )i5e the petitione!s $o!e than t"o +ea!s !o$ Da!#h 29/ 1999 "ithin "hi#h to !e5i5e the #!i$ina% #ases/ th(s 5io%atin) the !espon&ent1s !i)ht to &(e p!o#ess an& e;(a% p!ote#tion o the %a". ISS'() 3664I/3TI+, +; T.( TI:(- 32 2'4(62+S6(/TI5( +2 2(T2+3/TI5(<+,462+S6(/TI5(. 2332. The ti$eG*a! (n&e! the ne" !(%e "as i-e& *+ the Co(!t to e-#ise the $a%aise that p%a)(e& the a&$inist!ation o the #!i$ina% 8(sti#e s+ste$ o! the *ene it o the State an& the a##(se&H not o! the a##(se& on%+. The Co(!t e$phasiEe& in its assai%e& !eso%(tion that2 In the ne" !(%e in ;(estion/ it has i-e& a ti$eG*a! o one +ea! o! t"o +ea!s o! the !e5i5a% o #!i$ina% #ases p!o5isiona%%+ &is$isse& "ith the e-p!ess #onsent o the a##(se& an& "ith a p!io!i noti#e to the o en&e& pa!t+. In i-in) the ti$eG*a!/ the Co(!t *a%an#e& the so#ieta% inte!ests an& those o the a##(se& o! the o!&e!%+ an& spee&+ &isposition o #!i$ina% #ases "ith $ini$($ p!e8(&i#e to the State an& the a##(se&. It too, into a##o(nt the s(*stantia% !i)hts o *oth the State an& o the a##(se& to &(e p!o#ess. The Co(!t *e%ie5e& that the ti$e %i$it is a !easona*%e pe!io& o! the State to !e5i5e p!o5isiona%%+ &is$isse& #ases "ith the #onsent o the a##(se& an& noti#e to the o en&e& pa!ties. The Co(!t app!o5e& Se#tion 8 p(!s(ant to its po"e! (n&e! A!ti#%e VIII/ Se#tion >/ pa!a)!aph > o the Constit(tion. This #onstit(tiona% )!ant to p!o$(%)ate !(%es #a!!ies "ith it the po"e!/ inte! a%ia/ to &ete!$ine "hethe! to )i5e the sai& !(%es p!ospe#ti5e o! !et!oa#ti5e e e#t. Do!eo5e!/ (n&e! R(%e 1@@ o the R(%es o Co(!t/ the Co(!t $a+ not app%+ the !(%es to a#tions pen&in) *e o!e it i in its opinion thei! app%i#ation "o(%& not *e easi*%e o! "o(%& "o!, in8(sti#e/ in "hi#h e5ent/ the o!$e! p!o#e&(!e sha%% app%+. The a*sen#e o a p!o5ision in Se#tion 8 )i5in) it p!ospe#ti5e app%i#ation on%+ &oes not p!os#!i*e the p!ospe#ti5e app%i#ation the!eo H no! &oes it i$p%+ that the Co(!t inten&e& the ne" !(%e to *e )i5en !et!oa#ti5e an& p!ospe#ti5e e e#t. I the stat(to!+ p(!pose is #%ea!/ the p!o5isions o the %a" sho(%& *e #onst!(e& as is #on&(#i5e to ai!ness an& 8(sti#e/ an& in ha!$on+ "ith the )ene!a% spi!it an& po%i#+ o the !(%e. It sho(%& *e #onst!(e& so as

not to &e eat *(t to #a!!+ o(t s(#h en& o! p(!pose. A stat(te &e!i5es its 5ita%it+ !o$ the p(!pose o! "hi#h it is app!o5e&. To #onst!(e it in a $anne! that &is!e)a!&s o! &e eats s(#h p(!pose is to n(%%i + o! &est!o+ the %a". In Co$eta 5. Co(!t o Appea%s/ this Co(!t !(%e& that 6the spi!it !athe! than the %ette! o the stat(te &ete!$ines its #onst!(#tionH hen#e/ a stat(te $(st *e !ea& a##o!&in) to its spi!it o! intent.6 3hi%e "e $a+ not !ea& into the %a" a p(!pose that is not the!e/ "e ne5e!the%ess ha5e the !i)ht to !ea& o(t o it the !eason o! its ena#t$ent. In &oin) so/ "e &e e! not to the 6%ette! that ,i%%eth6 *(t to the 6spi!it that 5i5i ieth/ to )i5e e e#t to the %a"$a,e!1s "i%%.6 The Co(!t a)!ees "ith the petitione!s that to app%+ the ti$eG*a! !et!oa#ti5e%+ so that the t"oG+ea! pe!io& #o$$en#e& to !(n on Da!#h ?1/ 1999 "hen the p(*%i# p!ose#(to! !e#ei5e& his #op+ o the !eso%(tion o '(&)e A)ni!/ '!. &is$issin) the #!i$ina% #ases is in#onsistent "ith the inten&$ent o the ne" !(%e. Instea& o )i5in) the State t"o +ea!s to !e5i5e p!o5isiona%%+ &is$isse& #ases/ the State ha& #onsi&e!a*%+ %ess than t"o +ea!s to &o so. In this #ase/ "hen the Co(!t app!o5e& Se#tion 8/ it inten&e& the ne" !(%e to *e app%ie& p!ospe#ti5e%+ an& not !et!oa#ti5e%+/ o! i the intention o the Co(!t "e!e othe!"ise/ it "o(%& &e eat the 5e!+ p(!pose o! "hi#h it "as inten&e&/ na$e%+/ to )i5e the State a pe!io& o t"o +ea!s !o$ noti#e o the p!o5isiona% &is$issa% o #!i$ina% #ases "ith the e-p!ess #onsent o the a##(se&. It "o(%& *e a &enia% o the State1s !i)ht to &(e p!o#ess an& a t!a5est+ o 8(sti#e o! the Co(!t to app%+ the ne" !(%e !et!oa#ti5e%+ in the p!esent #ase as the !espon&ent insists/ #onsi&e!in) that the #!i$ina% #ases "e!e p!o5isiona%%+ &is$isse& *+ '(&)e A)ni!/ '!. on Da!#h 29/ 1999 *e o!e the ne" !(%e too, e e#t on 9e#e$*e! 1/ 2.... A !et!oa#ti5e app%i#ation o the ti$eG*a! "i%% !es(%t in a*s(!&/ (n8(st an& opp!essi5e #onse;(en#es to the State an& to the 5i#ti$s o #!i$es an& thei! hei!s. >0*PO*0$0?2@ !espon&ent Pan i%o D. La#son1s O$ni*(s Dotion an& Dotion to Set o! O!a% A!)($ents a!e 9ENIE9. The !espon&ent1s Dotion o! Re#onsi&e!ation an& its S(pp%e$ent a!e 9ENIE9 3IT0 FINALITM. The E-e#(ti5e '(&)e o the Re)iona% T!ia% Co(!t o O(eEon Cit+ is he!e*+ 9IRECTE9 to CONSOLI9ATE C!i$ina% Cases Nos. .1G 1.11.2 to .1G1.1112 an& to REGRAFFLE the sa$e "ith &ispat#h to one o the *!an#hes o the Re)iona% T!ia% Co(!t o O(eEon Cit+ &esi)nate& as a spe#ia% #o(!t/ e-#%(si5e%+ to t!+ an& &e#i&e heino(s #!i$es.

6@

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien CON9RA9A V. PEOPLE CALLE'O/ SR./ '.2
Petitione! "as #ha!)e& "ith !ape. 3hen he "as a!!ai)ne& on Fe*!(a!+ 26/ 1999/ petitione! p%ea&e& not )(i%t+ to the #ha!)e a)ainst hi$. On Da!#h ?1/ 1999/ the &ate set *+ the t!ia% #o(!t o! the initia% hea!in)/ the p!ose#(tion $o5e& that the sa$e *e postpone& &(e to the a*sen#e o the #o$p%ainant an& he! "itnesses. The hea!in) "as !eset on Ap!i% 29/ 1999. On Ap!i% 29/ 1999/ the p!ose#(tion a)ain $o5e& to postpone the hea!in) &(e to the a*sen#e o the #o$p%ainant an& he! "itnesses. Petitione! o*8e#te& to the $otion on the )!o(n& that his !i)ht to spee&+ t!ia% "as *ein) 5io%ate& *+ s(#h postpone$ents. The t!ia% #o(!t )!ante& the p!ose#(tion1s $otion an& !eset the hea!in) on Da+ ?1/ 1999. It a%so &i!e#te& that the s(*poenae to the #o$p%ainant an& he! "itnesses *e #o(!se& th!o()h the Nationa% <(!ea( o In5esti)ation "hi#h han&%e& the in5esti)ation o the #ase. 9(!in) the hea!in) on Da+ ?1/ 1999/ the p!ose#(tion !e;(este& o! anothe! postpone$ent. Petitione! $o5e& o! at %east a te$po!a!+ &is$issa% o the #ase. The p!ose#(tion $ani este& that it "o(%& not o*8e#t to a te$po!a!+ &is$issa%. Th(s/ on the sa$e &ate/ the t!ia% #o(!t iss(e& an o!&e! te$po!a!i%+ &is$issin) the #ase. On '(ne 22/ 1999/ the p!ose#(tion i%e& a Dotion o! Reinstate$ent an&:o! Re5i5a% o C!i$ina% Case No. 1.==.. Appen&e& to sai& $otion "as the a i&a5it o p!i5ate #o$p%ainant that the s(*poenae sent to he! o! the t!ia% o the #ase &i& not !ea#h he! *e#a(se in the $eanti$e she ha& t!ans e!!e& he! !esi&en#e. The t!ia% #o(!t set the hea!in) on the $otion o! !einstate$ent on '(ne 2>/ 1999. Petitione! oppose& the $otion #onten&in) that the !e5i5a% o! !einstate$ent o the #ase "i%% p%a#e hi$ in &o(*%e 8eopa!&+. On Septe$*e! 29/ 1999/ the Co(!t iss(e& a !eso%(tion !einstatin) the sai& #ase an& !eite!atin) the iss(an#e o a "a!!ant o a!!est o! petitione!. Petitione! i%e& a $otion o! !e#onsi&e!ation o sai& !eso%(tion insistin) that the !einstate$ent o the #ase "i%% p%a#e hi$ in &o(*%e 8eopa!&+. On 'an(a!+ 1@/ 2.../ the #o(!t iss(e& a !eso%(tion &en+in) the $otion o! !e#onsi&e!ation o petitione!. Conse;(ent%+/ C!i$ina% Case No. 1.==. is sti%% pen&in) *e o!e the t!ia% #o(!t. A))!ie5e&/ petitione! i%e& the instant petition on Fe*!(a!+ 1/ 2.... 0e #%ai$s that C!i$ina% Case No. 1.==. #annot *e !e5i5e& *e#a(se the &is$issa% o the #ase on Da+ ?1/ 1999 is pe!$anent in #ha!a#te!/ ha5in) *een $a&e in #onsi&e!ation o his !i)ht to spee&+ t!ia%. The So%i#ito! Aene!a%/ on the othe! han&/ #onten&s that the #ase "as &is$isse& not *e#a(se petitione!1s !i)ht to spee&+ t!ia% has *een 5io%ate& *+ the postpone$ents o the t!ia% on se5e!a% instan#es/ *(t *e#a(se petitione! th!o()h #o(nse% $o5e& that the #ase *e &is$isse& at %east e5en te$po!a!i%+ to "hi#h the p(*%i# p!ose#(to! inte!pose& no o*8e#tion. The So%i#ito! Aene!a% points o(t that the p!ose#(tion $o5e& o! the postpone$ent o the t!ia% se5e!a% ti$es in )oo& aith an& o! 5a%i& !easons. 0e %i,e"ise a!)(es that the !e5i5a% o the #ase &oes not p%a#e the petitione! t"i#e in 8eopa!&+ o! the sa$e o ense *e#a(se the &is$issa% o the #ase on Da+ ?1/ 1999 "as $a&e at petitione!1s instan#e. ISS'(S)

3.*hether or not the dismissal of /riminal /ase ,o. BGCCG by the trial court in its +rder of 8une HI, BEEE is permanent in character so as to operate as an ac!uittal of the petitioner for the crime charged- ,+ .*hether or not the reinstatement of /riminal /ase ,o. BGCCG places the petitioner in double jeopardy.- ,+ A pe!$anent &is$issa% o a #!i$ina% #ase $a+ !e e! to the te!$ination o the #ase on the $e!its/ !es(%tin) in eithe! the #on5i#tion o! a#;(itta% o the a##(se&H to the &is$issa% o the #ase &(e to the p!ose#(tion1s ai%(!e to p!ose#(teH o! to the &is$issa% the!eo on the )!o(n& o (n!easona*%e &e%a+ in the p!o#ee&in)s/ in 5io%ation o the a##(se&1s !i)ht to spee&+ &isposition o! t!ia% o the #ase a)ainst hi$. In #ont!ast/ a p!o5isiona% &is$issa% o a #!i$ina% #ase is a &is$issa% "itho(t p!e8(&i#e to the !einstate$ent the!eo *e o!e the o!&e! o &is$issa% *e#o$es ina% o! to the s(*se;(ent i%in) o a ne" in o!$ation o! the o ense "ithin the pe!io&s a%%o"e& (n&e! the Re5ise& Pena% Co&e o! the Re5ise& R(%es o Co(!t. In the p!esent #ase/ it is #%ea! !o$ the !e#o!&s that the &is$issa% o!&e!e& *+ the t!ia% #o(!t on Da+ ?1/ 1999 "as a te$po!a!+ &is$issa% o the #ase/ an& not a pe!$anent &is$issa% on the )!o(n& that the !i)ht o the a##(se& to spee&+ t!ia% ha& *een 5io%ate& *+ the &e%a+ in the p!ose#(tion o the sai& #ase. The t!ia% #o(!t appa!ent%+ &enie& petitione!1s $otion to ha5e C!i$ina% Case No. 1.==. &is$isse& on the )!o(n& o his !i)ht to spee&+ t!ia% "hen &espite sai& $otion $a&e in open #o(!t on Ap!i% 29/ 1999/ it o!&e!e& the !esettin) o the hea!in) o the #ase on Da+ ?1/ 1999. In s(*se;(ent%+ )!antin) petitione!1s !e;(est o! the &is$issa% o C!i$ina% Case No. 1.==. on Da+ ?1/ 1999/ the t!ia% #o(!t e-p!ess%+ state& that the sa$e "as s(*8e#t to !einstate$ent "ithin thi!t+ &a+s !o$ the &ate o the te$po!a!+ &is$issa%. The!e o!e/ it #annot *e )ainsai& that the &is$issa% o C!i$ina% Case No. 1.==. on Da+ ?1/ 1999 "as p!o5isiona% o! te$po!a!+/ "itho(t p!e8(&i#e to the !e5i5a% the!eo "ithin thi!t+ &a+s !o$ the &ate o &is$issa%. Th(s/ the Co(!t in&s that the !einstate$ent the!eo on '(ne 2>/ 1999 &i& not p%a#e petitione! in &o(*%e 8eopa!&+. The p!os#!iption a)ainst &o(*%e 8eopa!&+ p!es(pposes that an a##(se& has *een p!e5io(s%+ #ha!)e& "ith an o ense/ an& the #ase a)ainst hi$ is te!$inate& eithe! *+ his a#;(itta% o! #on5i#tion/ o! &is$isse& in an+ othe! $anne! "itho(t his #onsent. As a )ene!a% !(%e/ the o%%o"in) !e;(isites $(st *e p!esent o! &o(*%e 8eopa!&+ to atta#h2 (1) a 5a%i& in&i#t$ent/ (2) *e o!e a #o(!t o #o$petent 8(!is&i#tion/ (?) the a!!ai)n$ent o the a##(se&/ (@) a 5a%i& p%ea ente!e& *+ hi$/ an& (>) the a#;(itta% o! #on5i#tion o the a##(se&/ o! the &is$issa% o! te!$ination o the #ase a)ainst hi$ "itho(t his e-p!ess #onsent. 0o"e5e!/ the!e a!e t"o e-#eptions to the o!e)oin) !(%e/ an& &o(*%e 8eopa!&+ $a+ atta#h e5en i the &is$issa% o the #ase "as "ith the #onsent o the a##(se&2 i!st/ "hen the!e is ins( i#ien#+ o e5i&en#e to s(ppo!t the #ha!)e a)ainst hi$H an& se#on&/ "he!e the!e has *een an (n!easona*%e &e%a+ in the p!o#ee&in)s/ in 5io%ation o the a##(se&1s !i)ht to spee&+ t!ia%. Petitione! is not in &an)e! o *ein) t"i#e p(t in

8eopa!&+ "ith the !einstate$ent o C!i$ina% Case No. 1.==. *e#a(se as ea!%ie! state&/ sai& #ase "as p!o5isiona%%+ &is$isse& *+ the t!ia% #o(!t (pon his $otion. Th(s/ the !e;(i!e$ent that the &is$issa% o the #ase $(st *e "itho(t the #onsent o the a##(se& is not p!esent in

6>

CrimPro (Bail, Motion to Quash) AJ | Amin | Cha | Janz | Julio |Martin | Vien
this #ase. Neithe! &oes the #ase a%% (n&e! an+ o the a o!e#ite& e-#eptions. The p!ose#(tion ha& not +et p!esente& e5i&en#e at the ti$e the #ase "as &is$isse& on Da+ ?1/ 1999. Do!eo5e!/ as p!e5io(s%+ e-p%aine&/ sai& &is$issa% "as te$po!a!+ in nat(!e/ as the #ase "as s(*8e#t to !einstate$ent "ithin thi!t+ &a+s !o$ the &ate o &is$issa%