Sie sind auf Seite 1von 29

CND2 COPMOSITION AND CONDITIONS OF VAPOUR/GAS MIXTURES Enter first : The atmospheric pressure Temperature of the gas in the

inlet system

Date : 03-Feb-00

Time : 16:32

mbar oC

1,013.00 95.000

Calculation reference : Calculation object : Calculation status : Type of vacuum producer : Noncondensables: Components

CONDCHMP - Main program test - CONDCHMPA Updating for presentation and costs Specify If used - specify

Mol.weight

kg/h

Number of kg.moles 0.000 0.0000

Mole fraction 0.0000

Air Other gases : Helium Nitrogen Oxygen Carbon dioxide Hydrogen Argon Gas component A - gas mixture Gas component B Gas component C Gas component D Hydrocarbon Noncondensable gases (other than air) Total noncondensables Mean molecular weight of noncondensables Volume of noncondensable at suction conditions,m^3/h Condensables : Vapour at inlet : Water vapour Vapour A Total condensables Mean molecular weight of condensables Volume of condensables at suction conditions Total gas/vapour mixture Mean molecular weight of gas/vapour mixture Pressure at suction to vacuum system Partial pressure of vapour Partial pressure of noncondensable gases Volume of gas/vapour at suction conditions Density of gas/vapour at suction conditions

28.960

4.000 28.016 32.000 44.010 2.016 39.944 10.000 20.000 30.000 40.000 50.000

0.000 1,270.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1,270.000 1,270.000 28.016 1,369.432

0.0000 45.3312 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 45.3312 45.3312

0.0000 0.1651 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.1651 0.1651

18.016 21.000

4,131.389 0.000 4,131.389 18.016 6,927.566 5,401.389 19.667 1,013.000 845.803 167.197 8,296.998 0.65101

229.3178 0.0000 229.3178

0.8349 0.0000 0.8349

(-) m^3/h

274.6490

1.0000

(-) mbar mbar mbar m^3/h kg/m^3

For Vacuum Applications:


The suction flow is corrected for molecular weight and temperature to : Equivalent suction flow as : Water vapour Molecular weight of water vapour (-) 18.016 Reference temperature of water vapour oC 20.000 Equivalent suction as dry air at 20 oC kg/h 6,663.880 Air equivalent load/suction pressure kg/h.mbar 6.578

CND3 SATURATION IN VAPOUR/GAS MIXTURES Valid : Pressure range 1 to 1013 mbar for vapours other than H2O *** This Worksheet is essentially the main tool for the calculations of various parameters in CDN4. This Worksheet can be used for the examination of condensation parameters. See table and Graph below Cell O55 ***. Go to Cell B83 below, to select the vapour to be considered in the gas/vapour mixture. On DNC2 enter the name of the selected vapour in Cell B41, its molecular weight in Cell D41 and in Cell F41 its weight. In Cell F5 enter the temperature of the gas/vapour mixture at the source. Calculation reference : Calculation object : Calculation date and time : Conditions of vapours at a condenser : Input parameters: Pressure at condenser inlet Gas/vapour inlet temperature Gas/vapour outlet temperature Condensing vapour surface temperature Pressure loss in the condenser Calculated parameters : Your selected vapour is : Conditions : Inlet to condenser : Mass of NC gas Mass of vapour Mass ratio of vapour/NC gas at inlet Number of moles of NC gas Number of moles of vapour Mole fraction of NC gas Mole fraction of vapour Partial pressure of NC gas Partial pressure of vapour Saturation vapour pressure at inlet Volume of NC gas Volume of vapour Volume of vapour/gas mixture Density of gas/vapour mixture Outlet from condenser : Total pressure at condenser outlet Saturation vapour pressure at outlet Partial vapour pressure at outlet Partial pressure of NC gas at outlet Partial vapour pressure at cond. interface Partial NC pressure at cond. interface LN mean of NC gas conc. Number of moles of NC gas Number of moles of vapour Mole fraction of NC gas Mole fraction of vapour Molecular weight of NC gas Mass of entrained vapour at outlet Mass of condensed vapour Mass ratio of vapour/NC gas at outlet Volume of NC gas Volume of vapour Volume of vapour/gas mixture Concentration of vapour in outlet gas Density of gas/vapour mixture mbar mbar mbar mbar mbar mbar bar ( - ) ( - ) ( - ) ( - ) ( - ) kg/h kg/h kg/kg m^3/h m^3/h m^3/h mg/m^3 kg/m^3 1,013.000 73.741 73.741 939.259 781.801 231.199 0.4986 45.331 3.559 0.927 0.073 28.016 64.118 4,067.271 0.050 1,164.845 91.452 1,256.297 51,037.22 1.0619 kg/h kg/h kg/kg ( - ) ( - ) ( - ) ( - ) mbar mbar mbar m^3/h m^3/h m^3/h kg/m^3 1,270.000 4,131.389 3.253 45.331 229.318 0.165 0.835 167.197 845.803 845.811 1,369.507 6,927.943 8,297.449 0.6510 Water vapour Condensation Mol. weight: Data from CND4: mbar oC oC oC mbar 1,013.000 95.020 40.000 92.897 0.000 95.020 40.000 92.897 CONDCHMP - Main program test - CONDCHMPA Updating for presentation and costs 03-Feb-00 16:36

4,131.389 k.mol/s k.mol/s 0.0126 0.0637

0.000

0.000

0.000

k.mol/s k.mol/s

0.0126 0.0010

r for vapours other than H2O ***.

elow Cell O55

18.016 0.000 0.000

1,013.000 73.741 73.741 939.259 781.801 231.199 0.4986 45.331 3.559 0.927 0.073 28.016 64.118 4,067.271 0.050 1,164.845 91.452 1,256.297 51,037.22 1.0619

6 10 65.000 36.8714

7 10 55.000 31.3190

8 16 45.000 28.0177

9 9 40.000 26.8606

(-) 0 0.000 0.0000

37.991 10.000 2.089 27.009 37.991 1,537.706 15,077.365 233.859 267.706 14.8593 2,346.368 553,106.70 28,848.00 13,216.40 14,657.23 609,828.33

29.098 10.000 1.106 25.902 29.098 1,420.223 13,925.440 117.482 150.223 8.3383 2,370.786 280,729.21 26,643.99 13,216.40 2,454.42 323,044.01

19.762 10.000 0.664 25.238 19.762 1,355.303 13,288.892 64.920 85.303 4.7349 2,394.881 156,693.84 25,426.06 13,216.40 (1,356.30) 193,979.99

15.000 5.000 0.238 25.000 15.000 1,334.118 13,081.166 21.185 64.118 3.5589 2,406.872 51,189.33 12,514.31 6,608.20 (885.20) 69,426.63

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.0000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.753 0.247 1,013.000 762.919 250.081 62.295 950.705 0.842 50.936 0.921 1.185 0.000 0.031 25.547 4,026.638 0.010 0.739 0.817 61.528 0.081
0.934 0.955 7.43 6,230.46 58,237.70 64,468.16 64,478.16 1,697.17 471.44 64,473.16 90,840.28 1,196,278.97 609,828.33 6.713 1.339 9.468

0.845 0.155 1,013.000 855.616 157.384 45.730 967.270 0.899 43.160 0.983 1.128 0.000 0.029 26.462 3,782.410 0.010 0.724 0.806 55.730 0.078
0.892 0.927 6.51 4,751.04 30,651.75 35,402.78 35,412.78 1,217.02 338.06 35,407.78 49,940.47 586,450.64 323,044.01 6.469 1.290 10.758

0.905 0.095 1,013.000 917.198 95.802 37.816 975.184 0.934 36.509 1.037 1.092 0.000 0.028 27.070 3,687.325 0.010 0.715 0.800 52.284 0.075
0.854 0.900 6.06 3,196.45 14,961.39 18,157.84 18,173.65 919.62 255.45 18,165.75 26,786.77 263,406.62 193,979.99 7.242 1.444 12.203

0.927 0.073 1,013.000 939.259 73.741 35.340 977.660 0.946 33.430 1.062 1.079 0.000 0.028 27.288 3,668.914 0.010 0.712 0.797 51.097 0.074
0.838 0.889 5.92 2,416.98 9,737.59 12,154.56 12,163.39 810.89 225.25 12,158.98 15,162.36 69,426.63 69,426.63 4.579 0.913 13.116

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.000

CND5

Condenser physical parameters

This Worksheet allows the user to select the basic physical components of the condenser. The derived free area for flow in the shell space then determines the thermal behaviour of the condenser that is calculated in Sheet 4 and the related shell side pressure losses determined in Worksheet 6. In this Sheet the tube bundle diameter is derived from the outside diameter of the condenser tubes and their number. The tube bundle then is used to select the diameter and length of the condenser. The normally used triangular and rectangular tube pitch arrangements and tube clearance can be selected ***The number of tube passes is 1 and then 2, 4, 6 and 8.*** ***For non standard tube bundles calculate equivalent diameter in Cell F61 the value for the standard bundle*** Type of heat exchanger : Calculation reference : Calculation object : Calculation date and time : Calculation of Tube Bundle Parameters: Select tube arrangement in Cell D27: For triangular tube pitch arrangement enter 1 For square tube arrangement enter 2 Select baffle cut in Cell D28 % Vacuum condenser CONDCHMP - Main program test - CONDCHMPA Updating for presentation and costs 03-Feb-00 16:42

1 45

) Selected

Input parameters : Number of passes Number of tubes Outside tube diameter Tube wall thickness Total length of tubes Thickness of tube sheet Tube clearance Equivalent tube diameter Baffle spacing (usually .2 to 2 shell dia) Pitch of tubes Shell bundle clearance allowance

( - ) ( - ) mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm

1 88 19.050 1.651 12,700.000 35.000 6.350 18.542 421.000 31.750 343.000

Calculated parameters : The chosen tube arrangement is Tube side selection are : K1 factor N1 factor The diameter of the bundle calc. Min. inside diameter of shell calc. Inside shell diameter - used Inside tube diameter Effective length of tubes Effective inside heat transfer area Effective outside heat transfer area Ratio: tube clearance/tube centers Flow area across tube bundle for HT & DP Equiv. shell-side diameter Correction factor for shell pressure loss : 1) Based on Shell areas:

( - ) ( - ) mm mm mm mm mm m^2 m^2 ( - ) m^2 mm

Triangular 1 pass 0.3190 2.1420 262.628 273.254 605.628 15.748 12,630.000 54.987 66.517 0.4000 0.1020 146.73

CND6 Condenser pressure losses - Kern's method for shell side Type of heat exchanger : Vacuum condenser Calculation reference : Updating for presentation and costs Calculation object : Standard example C & H Calculation date and time : 3-Feb-00 16:45 Input parameters: Baffle cut selected The chosen tube arrangement is Number of passes on CW side Number of tubes Outside tube diameter Tube wall thickness Total length of tubes Thickness of tube sheet Tube clearance Baffle spacing, usually .2 to 2 shell dia. Pitch of tubes The diameter of the tube bundle Inside diameter of shell calc. Inside shell diameter - used Shell side equivalent tube diameter Flow area across tube bundle Weight of gas/vapour mixture at inlet Shell mass velocity Density of gas/vapour at inlet

% (-) (-) mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm m^2 kg/h kg/h.m^2 kg/s.m^2 kg/m^3

45 Triangular 1 pass 88 19.050 1.651 12,700.000 35.000 6.350 421.000 31.750 262.628 273.254 605.628 18.542 0.1020 5,401.389 52,961.188 14.711 0.65097

For pressure loss in Shell no entry of input values is nece Ensure that in CND4!Q69 the Segment 0 or 1 is selected To then enter these values as input use Macro B. 45 Triangular 1 pass 88 19.050 1.651 12,700.000 35.000 6.350 421.000 31.750 262.628 273.254 605.628 18.542 0.1020 5,401.389 52,961.188 14.711 0.65097

Calculated parameters for condenser shell: Bulk vapour viscosity Vapour viscosity at wall temperature Viscosity correction factor Volumetric flow at entry Linear velocity of vapour/gas mixture Reynolds number of vapour flow Number of baffles Number of flow crosses in shell Friction factor Pressure loss for standard tube bundle (taken as 50 % of inlet flow) Correction factor Pressure loss for actual tube bundle Inlet and outlet nozzles: Input parameters: Is impingement plate used (Y/N) Inlet nozzle internal diameter Impimgement plate diameter Outlet nozzle internal diameter Distance - nozzle end to tube bundle Distance - nozzle to impingement plate

kg/m.s kg/m.s (-) m^3/s m/s (-) LOG10(RE) (-) (-) m^2/m^2 N/m^2 mbar (-) mbar

0.0000156 1.000 2.305 22.599 17,538.40 4.244 30 31 0.031240 21,145.896 211.459 0.188 39.847

0.0000156 0.0000156 1.0000000

17,538.40 4.2440 30 31 0.031240

(-) m m m m m

N 0.350 0.000 0.150 0.177 0.000

0.1715000 N.A.

Calculated parameters for nozzles Inlet nozzle: Inlet internal nozzle cross-section area Linear velocity of vapour/gas mixture Ratio of escape to nozzle areas Pressure loss coefficient Inlet nozzle pressure loss Outlet nozzle: Outlet internal nozzle cross-section area

m^2 m/s (-) (-) N/m^2 mbar m^2

0.0962 23.956 2.0229 1.195 223.274 2.233 0.0177

Density of gas/vapour at outlet Volumetric flow at exit Linear velocity of vapour/gas mixture Number of velocity heads at inlet nozzle Outlet nozzle pressure loss

kg/m^3 m^3/s m/s (-) N/m^2 mbar mbar

1.062 0.349 19.748 207.065 144.945 1.449 43.529

1.0619449 0.3489713

Total pressure loss at the condenser

Shell no entry of input values is necessary. Q69 the Segment 0 or 1 is selected. alues as input use Macro B.

: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

: : : : : : : : : :

Selection of CW pumps

(Costs 1992) Select by nummer in Cell D120 : 2 1 2 3 Pump in steel casing and CI impeller

Pump in SS 316 Pump in steel casing and CI impeller All steel construction Cooling water pump selected :

Purchased Cost Mar 1996 11,318.99 9,847.52 6,658.23 9,847.52

Installed Cost Mar 1996 22,637.987 19,695.048 13,316.463 19,695.048

Plant component installation factors and installation costs Factors due to S.M.Walas - Chemical Process Equipment Selection and Design 1988 Plant component: Installation factors: Recommended values: Your input value :

Condensers : Shell/tubes Stainless steel (304) tubes in C/MS shell Stainless steel (316) tubes in C/MS shell Stainless steel (304) tubes and shell Stainless steel (316) tubes and shell Monel tubes in C/MS shell Hastelloy tubes and C/MS shell Carbon or mild steel tubes and shell Centrifugal pumps : Pump in SS 316 Pump in steel casing and CI impeller All steel construction

2.10 2.10 2.00 1.90 1.80 1.50 2.50

2.00 2.00 2.10 2.10 1.80 1.50 2.50

2.00 2.80 2.80

2.00 2.00 2.00

CND8 Condenser operating and total costs Pressure at condenser inlet mbar : 1013 Pressure loss, mbar: Condenser materials : Tubes: C/MS Shell: Condenser outside surface area, m^2 : 66.517 In Cell E9 select: for UK, $ for US$, DM for German DM, FFR for French FR and SFR for Swiss FR.

Input parameters : Condenser supply:(Specialist/General,Cell D11=1or 2) Duration of operation Cost of condenser cooling water Cost of power Cooling water pressure Cooling water pump efficiency Water pump electric motor efficiency

Currency: 1 h/a /m^3 /kWh bar % %

Specialist 7,500.00 0.150 0.055 5.00 55.00 82.00

Calculated parameters: Total condenser cooling water used Cost of cooling water to condenser Power used for cooling water pumping Total power used for cooling water pumping Cost of cooling water pumping power Total utility costs (TUC) Annual TUC for pumping kg/h suction gas

m^3/h m^3/a /h /a kW/h kWh/a /a /a

70.50 528,713.60 10.57 79,307.04 21.30 159,727.78 8,785.03 88,092.07 16.31

Cost considering the purchase of condensers and CW pumps General input parameters : Select condenser cost - method (A/B/C/D) Equipment life : Condensers Cooling water pumps Rate of interest PE US costs index, Jan 1990 to Jan 1999 Cost factor for vacuum condenser supply Calculated parameters : Is the condenser from specialist supply Selected material for condensers is Selected CW pump Cost of condenser Capital cost of CW pump Total capital costs Annualized cost of condensers Annualized cost of CW pumps Total annual capital cost Annualized capital cost for pumping a kg/h of suction gas Annualized capital cost of pumping suction gas Annualized vacuum system cost (air equivalent cost) Total annual costs (capital ,installation and utilities) Total annual costs Total annual costs of pumping a kg/h of suction gas Total cost of pumping a kg of suction gas from the (vacuum) system (TAC) 95,713.54 17.72 0.002363 (TACinst)

A years years % (-) (-) 8 10 15 1.150 1.150 Purchase costs: Specialist Carbon or mild steel tubes and shell Pump in steel casing and CI impeller /a /a /a /kg /(kg/h.mbar) 9,513.09 9,847.52 19,360.61 3,637.59 3,983.87 7,621.47 1.41 0.000188 0.21

Usually advised 1.2 to 1.3

Total cost of pumping a kg of NC gas from the (vacuum) system

0.010049

Total maintenance costs based on the installed condenser unit: Input Parameters : Materials for condenser maintenance incl. CW treatment Labour for condenser maintenance Materials for CW pump maintenance Labour for CW pump maintenance Calculated parameters : L&M for condensers L&M for CW pump(s) Maintenance cost of condensers Maintenance cost of CW pump(s) Total maintenance cost (TMC) TMC for pumping kg/h suction gas TMC for removing a kg of suction gas from the system

% % % %

5.00 5.00 6.00 6.00

% % /a /a /a

10.00 12.00 2,068.06 2,363.41 4,431.47 0.590862 0.000051

Total cost of operating and maintaining the vacuum system (TVC) Total costs (TACinst and TMC) Annual TVC for handling kg/h inlet ( suction ) mixture Removal cost of a kg of mixture from the system Total cost for condensing kg of vapour /a 100,145.00 18.54 0.00247 0.00328

43.529 C/MS

Usually advised 1.2 to 1.3 Installed costs:

20,680.63 19,695.05 40,375.68 7,907.81 7,967.75 15,875.56 2.94 0.000392 0.447

103,967.63 19.25 0.002566

: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

0.010915

: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

CND12 Condenser data summary Calculation reference : Calculation object : If condenser for vacuum duty : Calculation date and time : Gas/vapour composition: Non condensables Condensing vapour Condenser physical parameters: Exchanger tube Shell/tubesheet material Tube Baffle Nozzle diameter, mm Calc. diameter of tube bundle Inside shell diameter - used Shell bundle clearance allowance Baffle spacing Outside tube diameter Tube wall thickness Total length of tubes - calculated Thickness of tube sheet Outside condensing surface - calculated Min. shell section area for flow Equivalent tube diameter Pressure losses: Condenser total pressure loss Shell side pressure loss Nozzle pressure loss, mbar Condenser conditions: Inlet vapour/gas mass flow rate Pressure at condenser inlet Gas/vapour inlet temperature Gas/vapour outlet temperature CW temp. at inlet to condenser CW temp. at outlet from condenser Av. temperature of condensate at exit Cooling water requirement Total heat rejected Arrangement: (-) Material % cut Inlet: mm mm mm mm mm mm m mm m^2 m^2 mm Triangular C/MS C/MS 45 350.00 262.63 605.63 343.00 421.00 19.05 1.651 13.116 35.000 65.762 0.102 18.542 Sections: Number: Tube clearance: Tube passes: Number: Outlet: 9 88 6.350 1 30 150 CONDCHMP - Main program test - CONDCHMPA Updating for presentation and costs Standard example C & H 03-Feb-00 16:56:44 kg/h 1,270.000 4,131.389 Mol. Wt. 28.016 18.016

Nitrogen Water vapour

Available m: Available m^2:

12.63 66.52

mbar mbar inlet

43.529 39.847 2.233

outlet:

1.45

kg/m^2.h mbar oC oC oC oC oC m^3/h kW/h

52,961.19 1,013.00 95.02 40.00 25.00 60.00 50.00 70.495 2,838.704

kJ/h

10,219,333.22

Average thermal loading calc area Thermal conductivity of tube wall Thermal resistance of tube wall Fouling factor - condensing side Fouling factor - CW side Cooling water resistance Condensate film resistance Sum of 'constant' resistances CW velocity CW Reynolds Number CW mass flow rate NC gas mole fraction - entry Vapour/gas ReN at condenser - entry Sensible heat transfer coeff.- entry Molar mass transfer coeff. - entry Overall heat transfer coeff. - entry NC gas heat transfer coeff. - entry Practical LMTD HTC based on calculated surface Actual HTC based on actual surface Factor available from HTC difference

kW/h.m^2 W/m.K m^2.K/W m^2.K/W m^2.K/W m^2.K/W m^2.K/W m^2.K/W m/s (-) kg/m^2.h (-) (-) W/m^2.K kmol/h.m^2.bar W/m^2.K W/m^2.K oC W/m^2.K W/m^2.K m^2.K/W

43.166 112.645 0.0000147 0.0001239 0.0001239 0.0001942 0.0000881 0.0005507 1.200 30,051.66 4,282,254.85 0.1650 17,538.40 150.72 82.77 642.36 993.96 42.966 1,004.666 993.271 0.0000114

Actual W/m^2.K W/m^2.K W/m^2.K W/m^2.K W/m^2.K W/m^2.K

42.68 68,228.35 8,071.03 8,071.03 5,149.76 11,352.00 1,815.96

outlet outlet outlet outlet outlet outlet

0.93 3,668.91 51.10 5.92 225.25 257.14

W/m^2.K

87,570.99

CND13 Selected parameters for vapours and gases This Sheet is used primarily for the selection of the parameters used in the calculation of the values in the selected segments of Sheet 4 The Condensing Vapour is selected in Cell B83 of Sheet 3, where also the vapour pressure to temperature relationships are located. The NC gas selected in Sheet 2, is re-entered on in Sheet 4 in Cell G10. Property values for air ready for transfer are given below Cell J11 The required properties for the NC gas are in Cells F12 to F15. Those for the vapour are in Cells F20 to F26. You need to select both from Sheet 15. If not available add them there first. Select the condensation heat parameters for the vapour from the Watson equation in Cells K36 to K37. Values for water vapour shown below. Below Row 53 calculate the diffusivity using the available table of molar volumes and molecular weights. Selected Noncondensable gas : NC gas parameters: Gas viscosity Gas specific heat Gas thermal conductivity Prandtl number of NC gas Vapour parameters: Vapour selected: Temperature of vapour/gas mixture Vapour viscosity Specific heat of vapour Thermal conductivity Prandtl number of vapour Liquid parameters: Specific heat of condensate Nitrogen Values chosed from: Pa.s kJ/kg.K W/m.K (-) CND15 0.000019 1.0407 0.0291 0.6945 Select values from Sheet 15: for Sheet CND4 column Q cals oC Pa.s kJ/kg.K W/m.K (-) kJ/kg.K 66.449 0.0000108 1.8760 0.0218 0.9309 4.178 66.449 0.0000108 1.8760 0.0218 0.9309 4.178 Selected Vapour: Water vapour Other vapour than water vapour kJ/kg 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Values for Air:


0.000021 0.0292 1.0074 0.7129

Water vapour

For other applications

at selected temp. :
95.000 0.0000085 1.4026 0.0218 0.8313

Heat of condensation :

Water vapour kJ/kg Temp. range oC 15 to 100 100 to 165 2,270.05 2,270.05 2,275.30 2,283.06 2,295.92 2,321.40 2,346.37 2,370.79 2,394.88 2,406.87 2,507.40 2,507.40 2,507.40 2,270.13 2,270.13 2,275.43 2,283.25 2,296.18 2,321.66 2,346.74 2,371.52 2,396.12 2,408.38 2,507.38 2,507.38 2,507.38

Properties selected for calculation of : the condensation heat

Outlet temp. Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3 Segment 4 Segment 5 Segment 6 Segment 7 Segment 8 Segment 9 Segment 10 Segment 11 Segment 12

Lat.heat at B.P. K

Tc
Normal B. P. t oC

0.00 0.00 0.00 273.15 -273.15

B.P. at 1 bar K Tc-BP at 1 bar

Calculation of diffusivity : Enter the gas and vapour with their relevant parametrs below. Atomic volumes Input parameters: Water vapour Nitrogen Calculated parameters: Temperature of vapour/gas mixture Pressure of vapour/gas mixture Diffusivity: Va Vb Molar volumes: 18.90 31.20 Mol wt : 18.016 28.013 Air Carbon Chlorine terminal as in R_Cl mid as in R-CHCl-R' Fluorine Hydrogen Hydrogen molecule Nitrogen as in prim. amines as in sec. amines Oxygen double bonded in methyl esters in ethyl esters in higher esters & ketones in acids aldehydes/ketones in union with S,P,N 29.90 14.80 24.60 21.60 24.60 8.70 3.70 14.30 15.60 10.50 12.00 7.40 9.10 9.90 11.00 12.00 7.40 8.30

Additional values for volumes of simple molecules Chem.Eng., R&C vol.1, p.456 H2 O2 N2 Air CO CO2 H2O SO2 NO N2O NH3 N2S Cl2 Br2 I2 14.30 25.60 31.20 29.90 30.70 34.00 18.90 44.80 23.60 36.40 25.80 32.90 48.40 53.20 71.50

K atm cm^2/s m^2/h

339.60 1.000 0.2406 0.0866

Notes: For three membered ring, as in ethylene oxide, deduct 6.0 For four membered ring as in cyclobutane, deduct 8.5 For five membered ring as in furane, deduct 11.5 For six membered ring as in benzene, pyridine, deduct 15 For anthracine ring formation, deduct 47.5

CND14 Assorted fouling factors Rearranged fouling coefficients Mainly from Fouling Notebook by T.R. Bott Select for transfer in D62 & D63 Fouling in water systems Water Type : Sea water 43 (C maximum outlet) Brackish water(43 oC maximum outlet) Treated cooling tower water (49 oC maximum outlet) Artificial spray pond(49 oC max.outlet) Closed loop treated water River water Engine jacket water Distilled water or cycle condensate Treated boiler feedwater Boiler blowdown water

IChemE 1990

ISBN

852952597 Fouling coefficients W/m^2.K Min Max 2857 1887 2857 2857 1887 5714 2857 5714 5714 5714 2857 5714 11111 11111 2857

Fouling resistance 10^4m^2.K/W Max Min 0.000350 0.000530 0.000350 0.000350 0.000530 0.000175 0.000350 0.000175 0.000175 0.000175 0.000350 0.000175 0.000090 0.000090 0.000350

0.000175 0.000530

5714 1887

Fouling resistance for some service liquid streams No.2 fuel oil No.6 fuel oil Transformer oil 0.000350 0.000900 0.000175 2857 1111 5714

Typical fouling factors - Chemical Engineering - Coulson & Richardson Vol 6 p.570 Fouling resistance 10^4m^2.K/W Max River water Sea water Cooling tower water Towns water soft Towns water hard Steam condensate Steam oil free Steam oil traces Refrigerated brine Air and industrial gases Flue gases Organic vapours Organic liquids Light hydrocarbons Heavy hydrocarbons Boiling organics Condensing organics Heat transfer fluids Aqueous salt solutions 0.000333 0.001000 0.000333 0.000333 0.001000 0.000667 0.000250 0.000500 0.000333 0.000200 0.000500 Min 0.000083 0.000333 0.000167 0.000200 0.000500 0.000200 0.000100 0.000200 0.000200 0.000100 0.000200 0.000200 0.000200 0.000200 0.000500 0.000400 0.000200 0.000200 0.000200 Fouling coefficients W/m^2.K Min 3,000 1,000 3,000 3,000 1,000 1,500 4,000 2,000 3,000 5,000 2,000 Max 12,000 3,000 6,000 5,000 2,000 5,000 10,000 5,000 5,000 10,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 2,000 2,500 5,000 5,000 5,000

Fluid

0.000333

3,000

Selected scale and fouling resistances for transfer to Worksheet CND4: Scaling resistance 0.0000044

GRAPH1

Graph1 - Worksheet for transfer and storage of relevant graphs from calculations 1 CONDCHMPA Temp. of bulk vapour, condensing film andCW outlet vs condenser length
100

CONDCHMPA - Condensation of water vapour fron nitrgen gas mixture

CONDCHMPA Heat removed vs condenser length

Bulk vapour - Cond. Film - CW Temperatures oC

90 80 70 60

50
40 30 20 10

0
0 1 2 3

CONDCHMP - CONDCHMPA

3,000

2,500 Heat removed kW/h

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

0
10

Page 28

GRAPH1

Condensation of water vapour fron nitrgen gas mixture

10

11

12

13

14

Condenser length m

CONDCHMPA- Condensation of water vapour from nitrogen gas mixture 5/2/98

20

30

40

50

60

70

Condenser Area m^2

Page 29

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen