Inflamm-Ageing

InflammAgeing

Inflammationisanunderlyingcontributorto virtuallyeverychronicdisease rheumatoidarthritis,Crohnsdisease,diabetes anddepression,alongwithmajorkillers suchasheartdiseaseandstroke. ScientificAmerican(2009)

2013PaulClaytonandColinRose
Firstpublished2013 byAcceleratedLearningSystemsLtd Aylesbury,Bucks,UK
Allrightsreserved ISBN0905553764

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Inflamm-Ageing Dr Paul Clayton graduated summa cum laude in Medical

Pharmacology from Edinburgh University, prior to obtaining his PhD. He is a former Senior Scientific Advisor to the UK government's Committee on the Safety of Medicines and a past President of the Forum on Food and Health at the Royal Society of Medicine. Dr Clayton frequently presents at and chairs international conferences on nutrition and health. He is a Fellow of the Institute of Food, Brain & Behaviour, Oxford, and a visiting professor of Pharmaco-Nutrition at Pecs University, Hungary. Colin Rose BSc is a writer and publisher. His company, Accelerated Learning Systems, published Dr Claytons first book Health Defence, which became a best-seller. He is also an educational consultant and principal contributor to the EU funded programme EduScience, designed to improve the teaching of science in schools. A founder member of the UK Campaign for Learning, he is also a member of the Royal Society of Medicine and a Fellow of The Royal Society of Arts.

Why we wrote Inflamm-ageing

The pharmaceutical magic bullet model dominates healthcare. When the symptoms of a non-communicable degenerative disease emerge, doctors generally reach for a drug or drugs. But this strategy is fundamentally too little, too late. Most drugs treat the symptoms rather than the root causes of disease and by the time symptoms emerge, the disease has already progressed a long way. The major age related diseases cancer, arthritis, heart disease, diabetes and Alzheimers develop silently for years before they finally emerge and start to cause pain or disability. However, science has developed to a stage where earlier and curative intervention is possible without drugs. We now know that most of these diseases are driven by chronic inflammation. We know too that chronic inflammation is due largely to nutritional and lifestyle choices that can be changed quite easily. This report will not take you long to read, because the message is simple: if you take action against the silent killer called chronic inflammation, you take a major step towards living longer and living more healthily. The actions you can take are simple too. Positive changes will begin to take effect, and can be measured, within weeks. Your first step is to read this report.

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CHAPTER1

CHRONICINFLAMMATIONISTHEMAINCAUSEOF DEGENERATIVEDISEASE
Inflammatoryfactorspredictvirtuallyall badoutcomesinhumanshavingheartattacks havingheartfailure,becomingdiabetic becomingfragileinoldage cognitivefunctiondecline, evencancertoacertainextent.
RussellTracy,ProfessorofPathologyandBiochemistry, UniversityofVermont,CollegeofMedicine

Dontconfuseageingwiththepassingoftime.Wecantchangethespeedatwhichthe worldturns,buttherateatwhichweage,knownasbiologicalageing,iswellwithinour control.Takingcontrolofyourbiologicalagemeansyouwillnotonlylookandfeel youngerbutyouwillalsocutyourriskofdevelopingdegenerativediseases,andincrease yourprospectsofahealthymiddleandoldage. Ageingusedtobeseenasthesteadyaccumulationofdamagetothebodyscellsand tissues.Thiswasanuncriticalwearandtearmodelthatwenthandinhandwiththe conceptofagerelateddiseases;anditledtoaterriblemedicalfatalism.Afterall,ifyour symptomsareduetowearandtear,medicscantexpecttodomorethantrytomanage yoursymptoms. Currentresearch,however,revealsthatalmostalltheagerelateddiseasesfrom decliningmentalpowerstocoronaryarterydisease,cancer,hypertension,arthritis, diabetesandstrokehavelittletodowithageingperse.Instead,theyarelargelydriven bychronic,subclinicalinflammation,aconditionthatisnotinevitableatall.Infact,itis surprisinglyeasytoprevent. Chronicandsubclinicalmeanscontinuousandunnoticeduntilthechronicinflammation hascausedsomuchtissuedamagethatsymptomsofdiseasefinallyemerge.Thereisa growingconsensusthatchronicinflammationshouldbeminimisedoravoidedaltogether. Yet,thankstothewaywelivetoday,itisoccursinalmosteveryadultovertheageof about30andinincreasingnumbersofteenagersandthoseintheirtwenties.

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Somepeopleareatevenhigherrisk.Areyou: Over50? Overweight? Afrequentdieter? Asmokerorcitydwellerinevitablyexposedtopollutedair? Aheavyconsumerofbakedgoods,confectionery,deepfriedorfastfoodproducts? Orhaveyoubeendiagnosedwithanylongtermillnessendinginitis(whichmeans inflammation)?

Ifyouansweredyestoanyoftheabove,thenyoualmostcertainlyhavealevelofchronic inflammationinyourbodythatshouldbereducednowtoprotectyourlongtermhealth. Acuteinflammationisusuallyapositiveandhealingreaction Notallinflammationisbad.Acuteinflammationisusuallypositive:thinkofhowtheskin reddensandwarmsfollowingacutoraninsectbite.Acuteinflammationisashortterm, protectiveimmuneresponsethatisswitchedontocounteractharmfulexternalthreats. Itsgenerallyaproductiveresponseandthesymptomsareshortlived.Oncetheacute inflammatoryresponsehasneutralizedthethreat,powerfulantiinflammatory compoundsarereleasedtoallowhealingprocessestotakeover. Butsometimestheacuteinflammatoryresponseisinsufficienttoclearthethreat.Ifthe threatthatinitiallytriggeredtheinflammationremains,orisconstantlydripfedintothe bodyasoccurswithpoorfoodchoice,exposuretoenvironmentalparticulatesoratobacco habit,thiscanresultincontinuous,lowlevelinflammation:a.k.a.chronicinflammation. Chronicinflammationdestroystissue Chronicsubclinicalinflammationisasilentthreatthatsimmersundetectedinthebody, progressivelydamagingtissuesinthebodywhereveritoccurs:intheheart,brain,joints, bowel,colon,prostate,lungsandskininfact,inpotentiallyanyorgan. HarveyJayCohen,oftheCenterfortheStudyofAgingatDukeUniversityintheUSA, likensinflammationtolittlewaveslappingontheshore.Itsarelativelylowlevelof activitythat,sustainedovertime,wearsawayatthebeachandstimulatesotherbad events. Thisinsidiousandgradualprocessoftissuedestructioniswhychronicinflammationisnow seenasamaincauseofalmostalltheagerelatedillnesses.Andwhychronicinflammation isassociatedwithfasterageing;orinflammageing,assomescientistsnowcallit. Althoughamaincausedoesnotmeantheonlycause,ithasbecomeclearthattaking actiontoreducechronicinflammationshouldbeapriorityifyouwanttocuttheriskof

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degenerativedisease,andmaximiseyourchancesoflongtermhealth.Fortunatelyyoucan reduceyourlevelsofinflammationquicklyandeffectively. Butfirstalittlemorebackground. Chronicinflammationisarecentproblem Heartdiseaseandcanceraremajorcausesofdiseaseanddeathinoursociety,butitwas notalwaysso.ThemidVictorians,forexample,wererelativelyfreeofthesediseases (Clayton&Rowbotham2009).TherecordsshowthattheVictorianschancesofahealthy oldagewerebetterthanours,evenwithoutthemoderndrugs,surgeryanddiagnostics thatwehavecometorelyon! Thefirstfewyearsafterbirthwerehazardous,butthosewhoreachedtheirfifthbirthday hadalifeexpectancysimilartoourown.Theydidnotdieofdegenerativediseasesinthe main,butinchildbirth,infires,oftraumaandofinfectionsspreadbycrowded,insanitary livingconditionsandpollutedwatersupplies. AfewVictoriansdiddevelopheartdiseaseandcancer,butmostofthepopulationenjoyed relativefreedomfromdegenerativedisease.Thereason?Adietrichinnaturalanti inflammatorycompounds(ofwhichmoreinChapter4),thatprovidedextensive protectionagainstchronicinflammation. Chronicinflammationhasneverbeforebeenseenonthescalethatweseeitinthe developednationstoday.Thisisbecausewenotonlyconsumefarlowerlevelsofnatural antiinflammatorycompoundsinourdietsthandidourancestors,butalsoweareexposed tofarhigherlevelsofproinflammatorycompounds,thankstomodernfoodprocessing andcookingmethods,and,forsome,theprevalenceoftobaccoandenvironmentaltoxins. Assomanyofussufferfromchronic,subclinicalinflammation,itisnowonderthatthe steadyaccumulationoftissuedamageeventuallysurfacesasamajordegenerativedisease andwhythedegenerativediseasesincreaseinfrequencyaswegetolder. Itislittletodowithageingassuch,forifweateaprofoundlyantiinflammatorydietwe wouldnotbecomemorepronetodiseaseasweaged.

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CHAPTER2

WHATCAUSESCHRONICINFLAMMATION?
Lowgradeinflammationisassociatedwith everythingfromheartdiseaseanddiabetes toAlzheimersandarthritis...
UniversityofCaliforniaBerkeley,SchoolofPublicHealth(2010)

Therearefivemainandthreesecondarycausesofthemodernepidemicofchronic inflammation.

1.ToomuchOmega6,notenoughOmega3
Themainhormonesthatcontroltheinflammatoryresponsearecalledeicosanoids.The bodyusesfattyacidsfromthefoodweeattomaketheseeicosanoids. Omega6fattyacids,foundinpolyunsaturatedplantoilslikesafflower,sunflowerandcorn oil,produceeicosanoidsthatpromoteinflammation. Omega3fattyacids(fromoilyfish)havetheoppositeeffect,producingeicosanoidsthat reduceinflammation. Formostofhumanhistory,weateadietwitharatioofOmega6toOmega3ofbetween1 to1and2to1,whichisahealthyratio.Thebalancetodayhasbecomeprofoundly unhealthy.WeconsumefoodsfartoohighinOmega6andfartoolowinOmega3.Infact, ourcurrentratioisanywherebetween10to1and40to1,andinsomecasesmaybeas highas100to1! ThebodyisthereforeforcedtousetoomanyOmega6fattyacidstobuildcells,tissues andhormonesandthebalanceinthebodybecomesproinflammatory. TheprevalenceofOmega6overOmega3intodaysdietisbecauseourintakeofoilyfish, theonlysignificantsourceoftheOmega3sweneed,hasfallen,whileourintakeofplant oils,whichprovideOmega6s,hasrisendramatically. Plantoilssuchassoya,palmandcornoilarewidelyusedincookingandinprocessed foodsbecausetheyarecheapandpalatable(foodmanufacturershavenolegal requirementtoproducehealthyfood). Tomakemattersworse,mostanimalsraisedforhumanconsumptionarealsofedwith foodsthatarehighinOmega6.GrassfedanimalshavehealthierlevelsofOmega3but

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todayonlysheepareconsistentlyraisedthisway.Mostcowsandpigsarecerealfedand haveamuchhigher6to3ratioasaresult. Youfindthesameresultsinchickensandeggs.Batteryandbarnchickensarefedgrains highinOmega6andtheirmeatandeggshaveahighOmega6toOmega3ratioasaresult. FreerangechickensconsumemoreOmega3fattyacidsandproducemeatandeggswitha betterOmega6to3balance. DopleasenotethattheOmega6fattyacidsareessentialforlife.Itsjustthatweeatfar toomanyofthem.However,withsoundfoodchoices,andanOmega3supplement,you cantipthebalancebacktowardsalower6to3ratiothatisantiinflammatoryand thereforeconsiderablyhealthier.

2.Notenoughfruitsandvegetables
Fruitsandvegetablesareimportantbecausetheycontain,amongstothercompounds, flavonoids.Theseexertpowerfulantiinflammatoryeffectsinthebody. Flavonoidsblockthekeyenzymesthatdriveinflammation.TheseincludeCOX1andCOX2, thesameenzymesthataretargetedbymanyantiinflammatorydrugs.Theyalsoblocka secondpairofproinflammatoryenzymescalledLIPOX5andLIPOX8.Perhapsevenmore critically,theyblockathirdgroupofproinflammatoryandhighlydestructiveenzymes calledthematrixmetalloproteases(MMPs). Thisthreewayblockingactionexertsamorefundamentallyprotectiveeffectthanany pharmaceuticaldrugbecauseMMPsaredirectlyresponsibleforthetissuedamagethat turnschronicinflammationintoovertdisease. Unfortunately,wedonoteatenoughfruitsandvegetables.TheAmericanCancerInstitute nowrecommendsnineportionsadaybutwemanageanaverageofonly3.Without enoughfruitsandvegetables,thecriticallyimportantenzymeblockingflavonoidsarenot presentinourbodiesinadequateamounts.TogetherwiththeexcessOmega6to3ratio, thiscreatestheconditionsfortheperfectinflammatorystorm. Incontrast,whenthedietcontainsenoughflavonoidstoblocktheproinflammatory enzymesandenoughOmega3tohelpcreateantiinflammatoryhormones,thenchronic inflammationisminimisedorstoppedandnaturalhealingprocessesinthebodycanonce againpredominate.

3.Proinflammatorycookingmethods
Whenfoodscontainingproteinsarecookedathightemperatures,theproteinbindswith glucoseorothersugarsinthefoodtoproducecompoundscalledAdvancedGlycationEnd products,orAGEs. ManyfoodsbrownathightemperaturesandthisdiscolourationisasignofAGE production.AGEcompoundsareveryproinflammatoryandveryageing.

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ThebestknownAGEcompoundisacrylamide,whichformswhenstarchyfoodsare cookedathightemperatures.Acrylamidehasbeenfoundincrisps,Frenchfries,toastand otherfoods.Worryingly,acrylamidehasbeenclassifiedascarcinogenicinhumans. AGEscanalsobeformedwithinthebodywhenlevelsofglucosearetoohighfortoolong, ashappensindiabetes. Inanondiabeticstate,enzymesbindglucosemoleculestoproteins,formingglycoproteins thatareessentialtonormalbodyfunctioning.Butwhenbloodsugarlevelsaretoohigh, glucosecanbindtoproteinsinthebodythroughnonenzymaticaction.Thisdrivesthe formationofAGEsandthusleadstoinflammationwhichexplainswhydiabeticssuffer fromexcessiveinflammation,increasedriskofseriousdiseaseandacceleratedageing. AGEsstimulateinflammation,butthisisnottheonlywaytheyacceleratetheageing process.Thebindingofglucosetoproteinscausescrosslinkingbetweenproteins,linking themtogetherinarandomanddysfunctionalmanner.Thisshowsupexternallyasskin ageing,wrinklingandreducedelasticity.Internally,itdrivesdiseasessuchascataracts, hypertension,bloodclottingandkidneydamage. DrLevioftheAmericanJournalofKidneyDiseasessays:AGEreactionsgradually accumulateoverthelifetimeoftheprotein.ThegoalmustbetopreventAGEsformingin thefirstplace. ItisnotjustAGEswehavetoguardagainst.Whenfatsandoilsareheatedtohigh temperatures,ALEs(AdvancedLipoxidationEndproducts)arecreated.Thesemightsound friendlierbuttheyarejustasharmfulandarehighlyproinflammatory. FoodscontaininghighlevelsofbothAGEsandALEsinclude: hightemperaturefriedandgrilledmeatandpoultry deepfriedandshallowfriedfish coffeeandcolas soysaucesandbalsamicproducts smokedandcuredfoods

Inshort,fastfoodstaplesandeventheheatdriedmilkusedininfantformula. Higherlevelsoftheseproinflammatorycompoundsinthebloodarelinkedtohigherrates ofmanydegenerativediseases,includingalargenumberofcancers. ButletusnotallbecomePuritans.Theaimisbalance. Humans(andotheromnivores)likehighfat,highsugarfoods,andlifewithoutthe occasionaldessert,cake,chiporsnackwouldbe,well,ratherlessenjoyable.Ifyou consciouslybalancethosefoodswithantiinflammatoryfoodsandnutrients,youcan indulgeoccasionallywithoutharm.

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Inflamm-Ageing 4.Gettingolder
Levelsofthesexhormonesoestrogen,progesteroneandtestosteronefallasweage,and lowerhormonelevelsareimplicatedinagerelatedinflammation.Symptomsofchronic inflammationoftenbecomemoreapparentduringandaftermenopauseinwomenandin menastestosteronelevelsreduce. Chronicinflammationhasbeencitedasonecauseofsarcopenia,themusclelossthat occurswithageing.Forbothsexes,therefore,thetendencytoincreasedinflammation typicallyacceleratesafterabout4550. Tomakemattersworse,thereisevidencethatourimmunesystemsmaybecomeless efficientatcontrollinginflammationaswegetolder. Youcantstoptheyearsrollingbybutthereisoverwhelmingevidencethatyoucanslow ageingbyreducingorpreventingthedamagecausedbychronicinflammation.And althoughinourviewitmakessensetostartdoingsomethingaboutitfromearly adulthood,youcanseewhythetimetotakeseriouspreventativeactionisaroundage45 50.

5.Beingoverweightorobese
Overweightandobesityaremajorcausesofchronicinflammationtoday.Thisisbecause excessadipose(fat)tissuesecretesproinflammatorycompounds.Itusedtobethought thatappleshapedobesity(fataroundthebelly)wasmoredangerousthanthepear shapedkind(fataroundthehips)butthatisnowdiscredited.Fataroundthehips,thighs andbottomalsosecretesproteinsthatleadtoinflammationandinsulinresistance. Inasocietywherealmost30%ofpeopleareobeseand62%areofficiallyoverweight,the proinflammatoryroleoffathasbecomeanimportantcauseofillhealthandaccelerated ageing.Ourexpandingwaistlinesarelinkedtohighintakesofproinflammatory, processedfoodshighinsugarsandOmega6fats,andtoourgenerallylowlevelofphysical activity,whichitselfisproinflammatory. Sinceexcessfatisproinflammatory,andchronicinflammationisafactorinheartdisease, stroke,diabetes,Alzheimersandarangeofcancers,itishardlysurprisingthatbeing overweightisariskfactorforallthesediseases. ThegoodnewsisthattheantiinflammatoryfoodregimeinChapter4canalsobeaweight lossregime.

6.Smokingandpollution Exposuretoairpollutantscantriggeroxidativedamageandchronicinflammation. Smokingisaleadingcauseofillness,acceleratedageinganddeath,andcitydwellers exposedtohighlevelsofdieselexhaustparticulatesarealsoatrisk.Exposureto certainpesticidesmayalsotriggerinflammation.

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Inflamm-Ageing 6.Excessfreeradicals
Mostpeoplehaveheardthatfreeradicalscandamageyourhealth.Infact,itisonlyan excessoffreeradicalsthatisdamaging.Someleveloffreeradicalactionisnormalanda necessarypartoftheimmuneresponsetopathogenssuchasbacteriaandviruses. However,excessfreeradicalactioncanindeedcausecellandtissuedamageand, eventually,majorhealthproblems. Freeradicalsareminuteparticlesformedduringthebillionsofchemicalprocessesthat takeplaceinthehumanbody,andmakelifepossible.Wearemadeofmoleculesthatare inturnmadeupofatoms,andbothmoleculesandatomshaveelectronssurrounding them. Electronsaregenerallypaired,butduringcertainreactionsoneelectronmaybecome detached.Theremainingatom(ormolecule)nowbecomesanunstablefreeradical,with oneunpairedelectron.Tobecomestableagain,thefreeradicalmustgrabanelectron fromanothermolecule,butnowthatothermoleculebecomesafreeradical!Thischain reactionofmoleculesstrippingelectronsfromeachothercontinues,sometimesreaching thousandsofeventslongandwreakingdestructionuntilthesequenceends. Theprocessoffreeradicalformationisalsocalledoxidativedamage,asoxygenmolecules areofteninvolved.Therustingofiron,fatsturningrancidoracutappleturningbrownare familiarexamplesofoxidative/freeradicaldamage. Excessivefreeradical/oxidativedamagetothetissuescontributestoagerelateddiseases fromheartdiseasetocancer.Thereareanumberofwellknownfactorsthatincreasethe levelsoffreeradicalsinourbodies,whichincludesmoking,exposuretoradiation(egultra violet,Xraysandallthingsradioactive)andinflammation. Whencellsaredamagedbyinflammationtheyproducetoxiccompoundsthattriggerthe releaseofexcessfreeradicals.Theresultingoxidativestressfurtherdamagesthosecells, andthisprocessreleasesasecondwaveofinflammatorycompounds. Thisviciouscircledrivesbothdiseaseandtheageingprocessitselfunlesssufficientanti inflammatoryandantioxidantdefencesareinplace. Someyearsago,theCentreforEnvironmentalandHealthScienceinAustraliastatedthat: Evidenceisaccumulatingthatmostofthedegenerativediseasesthatafflicthumanity havetheiroriginindeleteriousfreeradicalreactions.Thesediseasesincludeatherosclerosis, cancer,inflammatoryjointdisease,asthma,diabetes,seniledementiaanddegenerative eyedisease.Theprocessofbiologicalageingmightalsohaveafreeradicalbasis. Theirmorerecentpositionisthatageingandagerelateddiseasesaredrivenbythevicious circleofchronicinflammationcreatingfreeradicalscreatingfurtherinflammation.
CHRONIC INFLAMMATION EXCESSFREEMORE RADICALS INFLAMMATION

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Thisiswhythereisafastgrowingconsensusamongscientistsandcliniciansthatfora lifestyletobecomprehensivelydiseasepreventativeandhealthprotective,itshould includefoodsandsupplementswithhighantiinflammatoryandhighantioxidantcapacity. Thisislesscomplicatedthanitsounds,asantiinflammatoryandantioxidantfoodsare oftenthesamefoodsandweregoingtolookatthoseindetaillater.

8.Geneticinfluences
Wedontwanttogivetheimpressionthatallillnessandagerelateddiseasesare exclusivelycausedbylifestyleanddietaryfactors. Geneticinheritancecanbeacontributingfactor,andadeterminingfactorinsinglelocus diseasessuchasHuntingtonsDiseaseorSickleCellAnaemia.Stronggeneticriskfactors havealsobeenimplicatedinabout58%ofcasesofheartdisease,cancer,Alzheimersand theothermajordiseases. Butformostofus,ourdestinyisnotwritteninourgeneticcode.Ourgeneticinheritance maymakeusmoreorlesssusceptibletolifestyleanddietaryinfluencesbutwecan controlthose. Forexample,researcherFedericoLicastroandothersfromtheUniversityofBolognastate that:Alzheimer'sdisease,atherosclerosis,diabetesandevensarcopenia(lossofmuscle mass)andcancer,justtomentionafew,haveanimportantinflammatorycomponent, thoughdiseaseprogressionseemsalsodependentonthegeneticbackgroundof individuals. Inotherwords,certaingenetypesaremoresusceptibletoagerelateddisease.Butthe sameresearchersconcludethat:controllinginflammatorystatusmayallowabetter chanceofsuccessfulageing. Sowhateveryourgenes,establishinganantiinflammatorylifestyleisapriorityifyouwish toimproveyourhealthprospects. Itstimeforacomprehensiveantiinflammatoryandantioxidantsolution!

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CHAPTER3

HOWINFLAMMATIONWORKS INSPECIFICDISEASES
Theconnectionbetweeninflammationandcancer hasnowmovedtocenterstageintheresearcharena.
MassachusettsInstituteofTechnologysWhiteheadInstitute forBiomedicalResearch(2009)

HEARTDISEASE
Heartdiseaseissometimesdescribedasaplumbingproblemplaquebuildsupinthe wallsofbloodvessels,clogsandblocksthem.Butbloodvesselsarenotlikepipes;theyare composedofliving,reactivetissue,andaresensitivetodamageandinjury. Forexample,theyarehighlysensitivetoproinflammatorycompoundssuchasAGEsand ALEsthetoxiccompoundsformedwhendifferenttypesoffoodsarecookedathigh temperatureswhichwetalkedaboutbefore. Thesecompoundscanalsobeformedinthebody;diabeticsproducetheirownAGEsdue totheirhighbloodsugarlevelsandsmokersproduceALEsinternallybecauseofthehigh oxidativestressintheirbodiescausedbysmoking. Whethereatenorformedinthebody,thesetoxiccompoundsattacktheliningsofthe bloodvessels,causinginflammationanddamage.Immunecellsthentargetthedamaged site,andmigrateintothevesselwallwheretheyattempttoresolvethedamage. Ifthetoxinsarepresentinexcessiveamounts,theimmunecellsdie.Thiscausesfurther inflammation,furtherimmunecellinfiltrationandmorecelldeath.Thecellremains graduallybuildupasatheroma,atoxicsludgerichinoxidisedcholesterolcompoundsthat camenotfromcirculatingcholesterolbutprimarilyfromthedeadimmunecells. Iftherearetoomanyproinflammatorycompoundsandnotenoughantiinflammatory andantioxidantcompoundsinyourdiet,therateatwhichatheromaisformedoutstrips thebodysabilitytoremoveit. Consequently,theatheromabuildsupovertime,formingplaquesinsidethearterywalls whichcaneventuallyrestrictbloodflow.Ifthishappensinanarterysupplyingtheheart,it cancauseangina;ifitsuppliesthebrain,itcancauseconfusionordizziness.Iftheplaques rupture,astheyoftendo,thiscancauseaheartattackorastroke.

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Theproblemismadeworsebythefactthatthesameinflammationthatdrivesthe formationofatheromainthearterywallsalsocausesthemtoconstrict,sothatthereisa gradualriseinbloodpressure.Thisforcesthehearttoworkharderanditmakesthe arterieslesselastic,creatingacombinationofeffectsthatincreasesstressesandshock waveswithinthearterialsystem. Statinsarenotveryeffectivebecausetheyattackthewrongtargetcholesterollevelsin theblood.Infact,bloodcholesterolisaveryinaccuratebiomarker,asfullyhalfofallheart attacksoccurinpeoplewithnormalcholesterollevels. Thereisagrowingsuspicionthattherelativelyminorprotectiveeffectsofstatins(andwe willnottalkabouttheiradverseeffectshere)areduetothefactthatsomeofthemhavea mildantiinflammatoryeffectaswellasacholesterolloweringaction. Theroleofundetected,chronicinflammationinheartdiseasemayexplainwhy50%of heartattacksoccurinpatientswithnormalcholesterollevels.Elevatedlevelsof inflammatoryCreactiveprotein(CRP)andanaminoacidcalledhomocysteinehavebeen suggestedasmoreimportantpredictorsofheartattacks.

ALZHEIMERSDISEASE
InflammationisasignificantfactorinAlzheimers.Itwaslongagoknownthattheriskof Alzheimerswasreducedinpeoplewho,becausetheyhadaninflammatoryconditionsuch asarthritis,tookcertainantiinflammatorydrugs.Thesedrugsare,however,tootoxicfor longtermpreventiveuse. AnextendedpieceofresearchcalledtheHonoluluAsiaAgingStudyfoundthatmenwith thehighestlevelsofinflammation,asmeasuredbyCRP,werethreetimesmorelikelyto developdementiathanthosewiththelowestlevels. Howdementiadevelopsisthefocusofintensestudy,andisundoubtedlyaverycomplex process.Butwedoknowthatchronicinflammationisinvolved,andthatthisattacksand killsbraincells. Wealsoknowthatthebrainreliesonacontinuoussupplyoffattyacids,andparticularly Omega3fattyacids,tobuildandrenewthewallsofitsbraincells.OnestudyinNeurology suggeststhatanOmega3richdietcouldreducedamagebybetween2030%andcould playanimportantroleinpreventingordelayingtheonsetofAlzheimersdisease. Omega3sarenottheonlyneuroprotectivenutrients.Flavonoidsderivedfromfruitsand vegetablesreduceinflammationbothdirectlyandalsoindirectly,bybindingfreeiron (whichisproinflammatory)andbyreducingtheproductionofexcessfreeradicalsthat wouldotherwisecausecollateraldamage. Moreevidenceontheimportanceofcombiningarangeofnutrientscomesfromscientists attheUniversityofCalifornia,publishedintheJournalofAlzheimer'sDisease.Theytested acombinationofcurcuminandvitaminD3toenhancetheactivityoftwotypesofimmune

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cellactinginthebrain.Theystate:Ourfindingsdemonstratethatactiveformsofvitamin D3andcurcuminmaybeanimportantregulatorofimmuneactivitiesofmacrophagesin helpingtoclearamyloidplaques.

DIABETES
HarvardMedicalSchoolresearchershavenotedaconnectionbetweenchronic inflammationandType2diabetes.Wehaveseenthatfatcellsreleaseproinflammatory chemicals.Theseinhibitthebodysabilitytoregulatebloodsugar. Thehormoneinsulinworksbyensuringthatmusclecellstakeupbloodsugarafterameal, therebyloweringbloodsugarlevels.Acombinationofexcessbodyfat,acarbohydraterich dietandinsufficientlyexercisedmusclehindersthisprocess,leadingtochronically elevatedbloodsugarlevels. ElevatedbloodsugarinturncreatesAGEproductsandcrosslinkingdamagetotissues, leadingovertimetoaccumulateddamageinmanysitesincludingthebloodvessels,eyes, kidneysandbrain. Thedietandnutritionalsupplementregimewerecommendhereisantiinflammatoryand hasalowGlycaemicLoad(GL)inotherwordsitonlyraisesbloodsugarlevelsmoderately. Thismakesitaparticularlysuitabledefenceagainstdiabetes,especiallywhencoupled withexerciseand,whereappropriate,weightloss.

CANCER
Cancershavemanycauses,butchronicinflammationisincreasinglyconsideredasan importantcausativefactor.Patientswithcoloncancer,forexample,haveconsistently raisedlevelsofbiomarkersforinflammation;andchronicinflammationislookingmore andmoreasifitmaybeanessentiallinkinthechainofeventsthatleadstothedisease. HereswhatScientificAmericansaidinakeyarticlein2008.Cancerbeginswithaseriesof geneticchangesthatpromptagroupofcellstooverreplicateandtheninvadesurrounding tissue,thepointatwhichtruemalignancybegins.Eventuallysometumourcellsmaybreak offandestablishnewgrowths(metastases)atdistantsites. WhatappearstocausethatprogressionfromDNAdamagetocancerischronic inflammation,whichthenencouragesfreeradicaldamage.Asthemagazinethenputsit: Geneticdamageisthematchthatlightsthefire,andinflammationisthefuelthatfeedsit.

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CHAPTER4

FIGHTINGINFLAMMAGEING
Chronicinflammationtheenemyinsideyou aslow,silentdisturbancethatnevershutsoff. Youcan'tfeelit.Youcan'tbetestedforit. Yetithasbecomeamedicalhottopic. It'sanunderlyingcauseformany,manydiseases. WomensHealthDecember2012

Itisclearthatforlongtermhealth,chronicinflammationandexcessfreeradicalaction mustbekeptincheck.Therearefiveactionsyoucantakethatmatchthemaincausesof inflammationandtheyaresurprisinglyeasytocarryout.

ANTIINFLAMMATORYACTION1:Getyourdietright
Youllinevitablygetoneyearolderevery365daysorso.However,giventhatbiological ageingislargelydrivenbychronicinflammationwithadegreeoffreeradicaldamage,it followsthatincreasingthelevelofantiinflammatoryandantioxidantnutrientsinyour dietwillslowtherateatwhichyouagebiologically. Thekeyantiinflammatoryfoodsincludefruits,vegetablesandOmega3richoilyfish. FishhighinOmega3include: wildsalmon(notfarmed,asthisisfedonhighOmega6grains)mackerel herringtunasardinespilchards Fruitswithhighantiinflammatoryandantioxidantscoresinclude: blueberriesraspberriesblackberriesstrawberriescherries blackcurrants Highscoringvegetablesinclude: broccoliasparagusbeetrootchardspinachcabbage mushrooms(whichareactuallyfungibuttheyusuallyliveinthevegetablesection) Thesefruitsandvegetablesareallgoodsourcesofflavonoids,carotenoidsandother phytonutrientswithantiinflammatoryandantioxidantproperties.Eatingarainbowis soundadvice.Generallythemore(natural)coloursthereareonyourplate,thehigherthe antioxidantandantiinflammatorycontentofyourdiet.

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UseTable1toincreaseantiinflammatoryfoodsinyourdietandreduceproinflammatory foods.Althoughnotaweightlossdietinitself,manypeoplefinditeasiertomaintaina healthyweightonthistypeoffoodregimeandmostloseweight. NotethatthetableisheadedMOREandLESS,becauseitisallaboutbalance.Thereisno onefoodthatisallgood,orallbad.Bananas,forexample,raisebloodsugarlevelsbut areasourceofpotassiumandfibre. Balance!Or,asColinsfatherusedtosay:Moderationinallthingsincludingvirtue!

Table1Antiandproinflammatoryfoods

Fruits

EATMORE
Red/black/purplefruits,allberriesinc strawberries,raspberries,blackberries, blueberries,elderberries,blackcurrants, citrus,plums,cherries,grapes Broccoli,chard,spinach,cabbage,collards, kale,onions,carrots,sweetpotatoes,garlic, peppers,mushrooms,courgettes(zucchini), celery,asparagus Lentils,beans,peas Tofu(fromsoybeans),dhal(fromlentils), hummus(fromchickpeas) Turmeric,garlic,ginger,cayenne,chilli,curry powder,basil,thyme,blackpepper, cinnamon,oregano,rosemary,nutmeg Oliveorrapeseed(canola)oil Salmon(ifwild),herring,tuna,mackerel, sardines,pilchards,trout,oysters Game,grassfedbeef,mutton&lamb,free rangechicken Realcheesesespeciallygreen&blue,plain yoghurt,particularlylive Wholemeal&ryeinmoderation,although physicallyactivepeoplecaneatmore Brancereals,noaddedsugarmuesli,porridge oats Wholemealpasta,brownrice,quinoa Eatinmoderationtheyarefullofomega6 fattyacids Preferintensenaturalsweetenerssuchas steviaifneeded. Darkchocolate Fruitandvegetablejuices,tea,coffee,milk, moderateredwine

EATLESS
Therearenofruitsweshouldeatlessof

Veg

Potatoesorpotatoproducts,cornorcorn products,unlessyouareveryactivephysically

Legumes Legume products Herbsand Spices Fatsandoils Fish Meat

Salt

Othervegetableandpalmoilsincsunflower. Hardmargarines. Deepfriedfish,fishfingers Intensivelyfarmedbeef,porkorpoultry. Sausages,burgers,bacon,curedmeatssuchas hotdogs,salami Sweetenedyoghurt,icecream White(refined)flourproducts Cornflakes,allsugaredcereals Crisps,chips,pretzels,biscuits,cookiesandpies Whiterice,whitepasta,gnocchi Saltedandroastednuts Sugar,honey,syrup,molasses Mostsweetsanddesserts,icecream,baked pastries Sugarsweetenedsoftdrinks,colas,spirits

Dairyproducts Breads Cereals Biscuitsand snacks Pastaand grains Nutsandseeds Sweeteners Dessertsand sweets Drinks

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Somecookingtips UsefewerOmega6polyunsaturatedplantoils;switchto(monounsaturated)oliveoilor rapeseedoil. Reducefoodscookedathightemperatures(grilled,fried,barbecued,roasted).Instead, stew,slowcook,stirfryorsautquickly. Steamormicrowavevegetables. Rubjointsforroastingwiththymeand/ororeganowhichhelpscounteracttheformation ofAGEproducts.NeverusehoneytocoatorglazemeatasthisencouragesAGEs.

ANTIINFLAMMATORYACTION2:Takeanantiinflammatorysupplement
AconventionaldailyAZvitaminandmineraltabletprovidesabaselineofthosemicro nutrientsforwhichthereareRecommendedDailyAmounts(RDAs),butwilldolittleor nothingtoreducechronicinflammation. Thisisonereasonwhystudiesonsimplevitaminandmineralsupplementsgenerallyshow noreductioninagerelateddisease. TheAmericanCancerInstitutenowrecommendsnineportionsoffruitandvegetablesa day.Ifthisistoomuchforyou,youcanmovethebalanceofyourdiettowardsanti inflammatorystatusbychoosinganutritionalsupplementthatincludesmorethanthe conventionalvitaminsandminerals. ItshouldalsoincludepotentantiinflammatorycompoundssuchasOmega3fishoil, curcumin,greenteaandgrapeseedflavonoids. Drawingonover30yearsofresearch,Paulhasdesignedasupplementprogrammethat combinesantiinflammatorynutrientswithanAZrangeofvitaminsandmineralsat levelsandinformsthatresearchindicatesareoptimal. TheformulaisincludedasAppendix1.Ithasbeentestedunderpharmaceuticallaboratory conditionsandtheresultsshowedthatcellinflammationmarkerswereessentially eliminatedatthelevelsusedinthesupplement. Asyougetoldertypicallyover45to50inflammationtendstoincrease,soitthen makessensetoaddadditionalantiinflammatoriesandothernutrientsthatresearch indicatescanhelpprotecteyes,brain,heartandcellularhealth. Thesewouldcertainlyincludelycopene,lutein,andbetacarotene,allcarotenoidswhich, amongstotherbenefits,helpmaintainnormalcellsignallingfunction.Cellsneedto communicatewitheachothertofunctionproperlyanderrorsincellsignallingcanleadto cancer.PubMed,theonlinepublishingarmoftheAmericanNationalInstitutesofHealth, confirmsthatcarotenoidscanbeusefulinthepreventionofcancerandother degenerativediseases.

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Inflamm-Ageing
ItwouldalsoincludecoenzymeQ10whichparticipatesintheproductionofenergyinthe mitochondriathetinyenergyfactorieswithineachcell.Q10hasresearchsupportfor cardiohealthandisavailableasamedicineinsomeEuropeancountries.Itsroleappearsto beinhibitedbystatins. Itwouldalsoincludesoyisoflavones.TheJournaloftheNationalCancerInstitutein2003 concludedthathigherintakeofsoyfoodslikemisosoupandtofuintheJapanesedietwas linkedtolowerlevelsofbreastcancer.Otherepidemiologicalstudiesshowarelationship betweenhighsoyconsumptionandlessincidenceofprostatecancer. Finallyitwouldcertainlyincludebetaine,whichhelpslowerabloodproteincalled homocysteine.Elevatedlevelsofhomocysteineareassociatedwithahigherriskofheart disease. Theseadditionscreateanevenmoreantiinflammatory'cocktail'andallround preventativehealthcare.SeeAppendix2. ThesupplementslistedatAppendices1and2aredesignedtocombinethemost protectiveelementsfromthehealthiestdietsasidentifiedbylaboratoryand epidemiological(populationbased)research.Sincesomeofthenutrientslistedareless familiar,orhavemultiplebenefits,hereisalittlemorebackground. Omega3 WelearnedabouttheimportanceofOmega3fattyacidsearlier,butOmega3hasother antiinflammatorybenefits. A2012studycarriedoutatOhioStateUniversityandpublishedinBrain,Behaviourand ImmunityfoundthataslittleasfourmonthssupplementationwithOmega3was associatedwithanincreaseinthelengthoftelomeresinimmunesystemcells. Whataretelomeresandwhydoestheirlengthmatter?TelomeresaresequencesofDNA attheendofchromosomes,sometimeslikenedtothetagsattheendofashoelace. Withoutthetagsthelacewouldunravelandwithouttelomeres,cellscannotdivide. Telomeresgetshorterandshorterascellsreplicateanddie.Indeedsomeresearchers measureageingbytheshorteningoftelomeres.Oncethetelomereistotallyconsumed, thecelldies.Anynutrientthatcanreducetherateatwhichtelomeresshorten(oreven reversetheprocess)isthereforepotentiallyexcitinglongevitynews. TheleadresearcheratOhioStatecommented:Ourfindingsstronglysuggestthat inflammationiswhatisdrivingthechangesinthetelomeres. Otherantiinflammatorycompoundsalsoplayarole.Thenutrientslycopene,lutein, vitaminEandtheflavonoidsandisoflavonesareimportanthere,asarethemineralszinc, manganese,copperandselenium,theessentialcofactorsfortheantioxidantenzymes. Soincludetheminanyantiageingprogramme.

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Beyondapossibleroleinlongevity,theresearchonOmega3isextensiveandshowsthatit isahighlyimportantnutrientforheart,jointandbrainhealth. Curcumin Derivedfromturmeric,theyellowspicewhichisusedincurry,andamemberoftheginger family,ithaspotentantiinflammatoryandantioxidantproperties.Inanimalstudiesithas beenshowntoinhibitthedevelopmentofcanceranddementia. Intriguingly,thoseareasinIndiawiththehighestintakesofcurcuminappeartohavethe lowestratesofageadjusteddementia.Asaresultoftheseandotherfindingshumantrials areunderway,andstartingtoproduceencouragingresults. Curcuminisbestabsorbedinthepresenceofoil,sotakingitwithafishoilcapsuleis logical.AsitprotectstheOmega3fattyacidsfromoxidationinthebody,thecombination makesgoodsense. VitaminD3 VitaminD3isagoodexampleofhowtheformofavitaminmatters.Someformsofsome vitaminsaremoreeffectivethanothers.VitaminD3ispreferredtoD2onthosegrounds. VitaminDisreallyahormoneratherthanavitamin,andisvitalforthenormalfunctioning ofeverysysteminthebody,includingtheimmunesystem. PeoplewithinsufficientDappeartobemorepronetoinflammation;conversely,people withadequatelevelsofDintheirbodieshavealowerriskofcancer,arthritis,heart disease,dementia,autoimmunedisease,depressionandosteoporosis.Thereiseven evidencesuggestingthatahealthyDstatusmayhelpmaintainahealthyweight. Dresearchalsoprovidesagoodexampleofthecriticaldifferencebetweendeficientand insufficientordepleted. DatafromtheUSNationalHealthandNutritionExaminationSurveyfoundthat9%of childrenacrosstheUSAwerevitaminDdeficient,(ie.didnotreachtheRDAlevel). However,astaggering61%(50.8millionchildren!)werevitaminDinsufficientordepleted (ie.hadlevelsthatwereinsufficienttoaffordprotection). WeexpectedtheprevalenceofvitaminDinsufficiencywouldbehigh,butthemagnitude oftheproblemnationwidewasshocking,saysleadauthorJuhiKumar,afellowin paediatricsattheAlbertEinsteinCollegeofMedicine. ThereisnoreasontosupposethatthesituationisanybetterinWesternEurope. DrClaytonhasbeenmakingthepointformanyyearsthatinasedentarypopulationwith lowenergyrequirements,andwhere2000to2500caloriesperdayisconsiderednormal, itisnolongerpossibletogeteverythingneededforlongtermhealthfromevenawell balanceddiet.

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Inflamm-Ageing
Thewellbalanceddietwillgenerallypreventoutrightdeficiency,butitwillnotprevent micronutrientandphytonutrientdepletion,andthuscannotprotectagainstchronic inflammation,ordegenerativedisease. VitaminK2 VitaminKiswellknownasanessentialbloodclottingagentbutitisalsocriticalinthe controlofcalciuminthebody.InsufficientKdamagesthebodysabilitytobuildcalcium intothebones,ortokeepcalciumfromdepositinginourarteriesandsofttissues. Thereareseveralformsofthisvitamin.VitaminK1occursinleafygreenplantssuchas spinach,chard,kale,saladgreens,parsley,mustardgreensandbroccoli.AbsorptionofK1 fromthesesourcesispoor,atonlyabout20%;anditdoesnotstaylongintheblood, whichmakesitrelativelyineffectiveatbuildingbonesandprotectingarteries. K2isderivedfromcheesessuchasquarkandtheblueandgreencheeses,andoccursin highlevelsinthefermentedsoydishcallednattoaJapanesedelicacyfewWesterners haveexperienced(orenjoyeditisaveryacquiredtaste!).K2isverywellabsorbedand remainsinthebloodstreamforhoursatatimemakingitamuchmoreeffectiveboneand cardiovascularprotector.K2ismoreexpensivethanK1,whichiswhyitisrarelyfoundin massmarketsupplements.

ANTIINFLAMMATORYACTION3:Speeduptoslowdownageing
Moderateexerciseincreasesyourhealthprospects,inpartbecauseithasanti inflammatoryeffects.Thestandardadviceistotake30minutesofexercise,fivetimesa week,atalevelthatraisesyourheartrate. Peoplewhoexerciseataroundthislevelhavelowerratesofheartdisease,cancer, diabetesanddementia. However,youcanoverdose.Intenseexercisecantriggerinflammationandexcessivefree radicals,sotakeantiinflammatorysupplementstocounternegativeeffects.

ANTIINFLAMMATORYACTION4:Loseweightifyouneedto
Ifyoucarryexcessweight,slimdowninagradualandsustainableway.Thereisevidence thatyoyodietingisintrinsicallyproinflammatory,soavoidcrashdiets. Supportanyweightlossregimewithasupplementthatincludesafullrangeofanti inflammatorynutrientsandphytonutrients,asthesealltendtobelowincalorie restricteddiets.

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Inflamm-Ageing ANTIINFLAMMATORYACTION5:Makesuretheacuteinflammationresponsefully clearsinfection

Ifaharmfulmicroorganisminvadesthebodyandtheacuteinflammatoryresponseis insufficienttoclearthatthreat,theinfectiousagentmaylingeron.Thebodywillthen switchovertoachronicinflammatoryresponsethat,asyouknowbynow,willeventually leadtoseriousdiseases.Thisiswhy,forexample,poororalhygieneandsubsequent chronicgingival(gum)inflammationarelinkedtoheartdisease. Itisthereforeimportanttoensurethatyouracuteimmuneresponseisefficientinfully clearinginfections.Themosteffective(andnatural)waytoboostyourimmunityistotake 13,16betaglucans.Thesearepolysaccharides,derivedfrombakersyeast,thathave beenproventoincreasetheeffectivenessofyourfrontlineimmunesystemdefence againstbacteriaandviruses. The13,16betaglucans(nottobeconfusedwiththe13,14betaglucansinoatsand othercereals)havebeentestedagainstawiderangeofpathogensfromE.colitoflu virusesandeventhedeadlyanthraxbacillus,andshowntobehighlyprotectiveagainstall ofthem. WhentheCanadianDepartmentofDefencewassearchingforanimmuneenhancerthat couldhelpcounteractradiation,theytestedover100productsandonebetaglucan extractcameoutontop.ThiswasapatentedingredientcalledWellmune,anditisthe mainingredientintheimmuneenhancersupplementcalledImmunoShield www.immunoshield.com. Acomprehensiveantiinflammatorysupplementwillhelpreducelongtermchronic inflammationanda13,16betaglucansupplementisdesignedtoenhancetheimmune systemsshorttermacuteresponse.Thecombinationhasexcitingpotential.

Andfinally
Stopsmoking(butyoualreadyknewthat!)andminimiseexposuretoairpollutionwhere possible.Ifyouliveinacitywhereairqualityisanissue,youshouldseriouslyconsideran antiinflammatorysupplement.

Itreallyworks
Astudyina2004issueofMetabolismmagazineshowedthatadietrichinanti inflammatoryfruits,vegetablesandwholegrainsandreducedinrefinedflours,sugarsand saturatedfats,ledtoa45%averagereductionininflammationlevelsasmeasuredbyCRP injusttwoweeks.Moreover,thesupplementsdetailedonthenexttwopageseffectively eliminatedinflammationincelltests.

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Inflamm-Ageing APPENDIX1 DrClaytonsrecommendedsupplementformulaforages30to50 isNUTRISHIELDESSENTIALS www.nutrishield.com Nutrient Level Function Antiinflammatory,hearthealth Omega3 650mg Antiinflammatory&antioxidant Greenteaextract 150mg Antiinflammatory&antioxidant Curcumin 250mg Antiinflammatory&antioxidant Grapeseedextract 100mg Antiinflammatory&antioxidant VitaminC 500mg NaturalVitaminE 55mg/83IU Antiinflammatory&antioxidant Antiinflammatoryathighdoses.K2is VitaminK1 50mcg themostpotentform VitaminK2 25mcg Importantimmunesystemsupport VitaminD3 20mcg Antiinflammatory&immunesupport Selenium 150mcg Supportstheactionofinsulin Chromium 120mcg Essentialtobuildantioxidantenzymes Zinc 10mg Essentialinmanymetabolicreactions Magnesium 114mg Essentialtoproducethyroidhormones Iodine 100mcg Acofactorforantioxidantenzymes Copper 1mg Importantinboneformation Calcium 177mg Acofactorforantioxidantenzymes Manganese 2mg Acofactorforseveralvitalenzymes Molybdenum 40mcg Importantinimmunefunction VitaminA 800mcg Helpsconvertfoodintoenergy VitaminB1 7.5mg Essentialtometabolisefoodforenergy VitaminB2 7.5mg HelpsboostprotectiveHDLcholesterol VitaminB3 15mg Helpsconvertfoodintoenergy VitaminB5 11.25mg Essentialtometabolisefoodforenergy VitaminB6 7.5mg Helpsconvertfoodintoenergy Biotin(B7) 150mcg Providesvitalmethylgroups FolicAcid(B9) 200mcg Antiinflammatory VitaminB12 6.75mcg

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Inflamm-Ageing APPENDIX2 Peopleoverabout50orwithaparticularlystressfullifestyle shouldconsiderNUTRISHIELDPREMIUM,whichADDSthe followingnutrientstothoseinEssentials. www.nutrishield.com Nutrient CoEnzyme Q10 Soy Isoflavones Betaine Level 30mg 40mg 450mg Function
Antioxidantmitochondrialhealth

Antiinflammatorymayalsohelp normalisedamagedcells Providesvitalmethylgroups;lowers dangeroushomocysteinelevels Antioxidant,antiinflammatory Antioxidant.Eyehealth Workstohelpbuildconnectivetissue, workingtogetherwithvitaminsKandD Antioxidant,eyehealth Antioxidant Antioxidant.Mayprotectprostate,brain andgastrointestinaltract

Betacarotene 7mg Lutein 6mg Glucosamine 415mg Zeaxanthin 42mcg Cryptoxanthin 49mcg Lycopene 5mg

Notethatmen,andwomenafterthemenopause,generallydonotrequire supplementaliron,asexcessironinthebodyisproinflammatory.Womenbeforetheir menopausedoneedironintheirsupplement.

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Inflamm-Ageing APPENDIX3 LABORATORYTESTS TestresultsonNutriShieldcanbeseenat http://univite.com/Nutrishield/documents/VivacellSummaryWeb.pdf TheindependentlaboratoryVivacellinGermanyusedtheindustrystandard inflammatorybiomarkersInterleukin1beta(IL1beta),TumorNecrosisFactor(TNF alpha),Interleukin6(IL6),Interleukin8(IL8),ProstaglandinE2(PGE2)andIsoprostane 8(IsoPGF2alphaIsoprostan). Thereportsupportstheconvictionthatonlyacombinationofnutrientsthatmimicsan idealdietcanbetrulyeffective. Thereportconcluded: OurdataclearlyprovideevidencethatNutriShieldcreatespotentantiinflammatory andantioxidanteffects. NutriShieldisthereforeabioactivenutraceuticaltobeusedtohelpprevent inflammatorydiseaseofanykind. OurdatafindasynergisticeffectoftheseveralingredientsofNutriShieldsincethe combinationwasmoreeffectivethanthesummaryofthesingleingredients.

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Inflamm-Ageing WHATNEXT? YoucanvisittheNutriShieldwebsiteatwww.nutrishield.com DrPaulClaytonhaswrittenaverywellreviewedandhighlyrecommendedbestseller calledHealthDefence,whichyoucanbuyfromwww.healthdefence.com. About Health Defence of creative and innovative solutions for Dr Paul Clayton has developed a multitude the promotion of human health and wellbeing. David Richardson Visiting Professor, Food and Nutrition Science University of Newcastle on Tyne This book is a must for everyone it will educate and inspire. Magazine What Medicine? Healsohasawebsiteatwww.drpaulclayton.com APersonalNotefromColinRose
My parents died too young and I have always been interested in the impact of diet and lifestyle on health. When I met Dr Paul Clayton 10 years ago I recognised someone who was more knowledgeable about nutrition and health than anyone I had ever met or read. He was clearly passionate about improving the nations health. I suggested he write a book capturing his knowledge and advice. It was eventually published as Health Defence, and it contained a well-documented rationale for supplementation which was extended in a series of papers he co-authored in the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. But no existing supplement came close to meeting his specifications, so I decided to found a company to develop one (called NutriShield) to fill that gap. The logic and book came first, and the supplement followed. We assumed the supplement would be for people of 50 years and over. But a mountain of research, and increasing rates of degenerative disease in younger age groups, has now led to the realisation that the need for an anti-inflammatory programme starts much earlier than that, particularly for vulnerable individuals. Consequently we believe there is a requirement for two levels of anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant support; one for the younger person living fairly healthily, and a second for older subjects, and those younger folk who dont have the time or inclination to live as well as they should. Dr Paul Clayton stills consults for the company that I founded in order to produce NutriShield, but he has no financial interest in that company or its products. He remains an independent health researcher.

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ENDNOTE
Thescienceisstillunderconstruction,butmostscientistsnowbelievethatchronic inflammationisatthecoreofalmostallofthedegenerativediseases.Asaresult,chronic inflammationisbeingtargetedbythepharmaceuticalindustry,andindustrialteamsare tryingtodevelopnewsyntheticantiinflammatorydrugs. Ourviewisthatthisisadeadend.Drugshaveanoverwhelmingtendencytoproduce adverseeffects,andmoreoftheseemergethelongerthedrugsareused.Veryfewdrugs aresafeenoughtobeusedforlongtermprevention. Inanycase,whywaitforthenextcropofartificialdrugswhenyoucouldbeeatinga naturalharvestoffruits,vegetablesandoilyfish?Thedietandsupplementcombination detailedhereisinherentlysafe,andlikelytobefarmoreeffective. Evidenceforthiscomesnotonlyfromthetestsandextensiveresearchbehindthisbook, butfromthemidVictorians.Theyateadietcontaininglevelsofantiinflammatory compoundsroughlytentimeshigherthanwedo.Asaresult,theywerealmostimmuneto degenerativedisease.Heartattacksandcancerwereknownbuttheywererare,occurring atlessthan10%ofthelevelswethinkofasnormaltoday,andmostmidVictorianshada healthyoldage. Livinginthewaythatwedotodayalmostguaranteesthatouroldageisincreasingly compromisedbydisabilityanddisease. Manyofusmightliketheideaoflivingforlonger,butnotatanycost.Theprospectof extendingourhealthylivesseemsmuchmoreattractivequalityoflifenotjustlengthof life. Thechancesofachievingthisaregreatlyenhancedbypreventingchronicinflammation. Chronicinflammationislikeaseriesofslow,smoulderingfiresthatgraduallyburnaway healthytissueanddriveustowardsillness,disabilityandprematuredeath. CRPandtheothertestsarefirealarms.Therightdiet,supplementsandlifestyleprovide youwithasetoffireextinguishers. Nowitsuptoyou.

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