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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Colchicine is a toxic natural product and secondary metabolite, originally
extracted from plants of the genus Colchicum (Autumn crocus, Colchicum
autumnale, also known as "Meadow saffron"). It was used originally to treat
rheumatic complaints, especially gout, and still finds use for these purposes
today. It was also prescribed for its cathartic and emetic effects. Colchicine's
present medicinal use is in the treatment of gout and familial Mediterranean
fever; it can also be used as initial treatment for pericarditis and preventing
recurrences of the condition. It is also being investigated for its use as an
anti-cancer drug. In neurons, axoplasmic transport is disrupted by
colchicine.
Contents
Colchicine
1 History
2 Pharmacology Systematic (IUPAC) name
2.1 Biological function N-[(7S)-1,2,3,10-tetramethoxy-9-oxo-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrobenzo[a]
2.2 Colchicine as medicine
heptalen-7-yl]acetamide
2.3 Side effects
2.4 Toxicity Identifiers
2.5 Botanical use CAS number 64-86-8
3 References ATC code M04AC01
4 External links
PubChem 6167
ChemSpider 5933
History Chemical data
Colchicum extract was first described as a treatment for gout in De Materia Formula C22H25NO6
Medica by Pedanius Dioscorides in the first century CE. Colchicine, an Mol. mass 399.437
alkaloid, was first isolated in 1820 by the two French chemists P.S. Pelletier
Pharmacokinetic data
and J. Caventon.[1] The alkaloid was later identified as a tricyclic alkaloid,
and its pain-relieving and anti-inflammatory effects for gout were linked to Bioavailability ?
its ability to bind with tubulin. Metabolism ?
Half life 9.3 - 10.6 hours
Pharmacology Excretion Primarily feces, urine 10-20%
Apart from inhibiting mitosis, a process heavily dependent on cytoskeletal changes, colchicine also inhibits neutrophil motility
and activity, leading to a net anti-inflammatory effect. Colchicine also inhibits uric acid (urate) crystal deposition, which is
enhanced by a low pH in the tissues, probably by inhibiting oxidation of glucose and subsequent lactic acid production in
leukocytes. The inhibition of uric acid crystals is a vital aspect on the mechanism of gout treatment.
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