How to take advantage of black boxes

for the reduction of carbon emissions

from aircraft?

Facts
Airlines are faced today with a major challenge
concerning fuel:
Fuel is around 30% to 40% of operating costs
The price of fuel is not decreasing!
3% of CO2 emissions worldwide is related to air transport
New regulations (Europe and International) include airlines
in ETS programs

Facts
The industry is responding with new technologies:
Lighter aircraft (with the use of new materials like composites)
More efficient engines (A320 NEO claims for 20% of fuel
reduction)
Alternative power supply (for example electric motors in the
wheels to avoid running engines on the ground)

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000001110111100011001000010001000100111111111000011010001100111111111111100001111000000000000000
111101010000100010110001100101110100110101110000100110101001111011101110000000000000000000100100
000001101100100010100100100000000001111111111000000100110000000100010111100001110100000000000011
100110011110100010001000111110110000110101110100000010000111101011010100111000000010000000100111
000001101000100001100100010000011000111111111000001001001100110011100110100001110111000100000100
111110000000100001000100000101010001110101111100101011010100111011101110000000000000000000100100
000001100100100000011100001001001000111111110100000010100001101101000101100001110000000000000000
000111011010100000010100100111001100110110000000100010001101100000000010111000000010000000100011
000001011111100000000100001111101000111111110000011001110000111111111111100010000000000000000000
010110111000011111111000100111100110110110001000100110101010111011101110000000000000000000011100
000001001000100000000100100000000001111111110000000011010100000100011011100010101001000000000000
100110011111100000011100111110101100110110010000000000000110101100001011111000000010000000011111
000001010100100000111100001111110100111111110000001001100010000000000000100010000000000000000000
111111010100100001101000011100010000110110011100101100001111111011101110000000000000000000100000
000001010100100010001100001010010110111111101100000000000000101101000100100010000100000000000000
111000100101100010101000100110111100110110101000100001010011100000000010111000000010000000100011
000001011111100011000100010001000100111111101100011001001100111111111111100001100000000000000000
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000010000100100010101000001000111000111111110100000010110001101101000010011111101000000000000000
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We found out at Safety Line that

FLIGHT DATA
are also an opportunity to reduce fuel consumption

Being able to compare all

flights one against each other

Mean ffc by mass (summer)

3,500
3,400
3,300
3,200
3,100
3,000
2,900
2,800
2,700
2,600
2,500
2,400
2,300
2,200
2,100
2,000
1,900
1,800
1,700
1,600
1,500
1,400
1,300
1,200
1,100
1,000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

Safety Line
Founded in late 2010 by airline and aviation safety professionals, Safety
Line is a young innovative company that has developed technology
combining "Big Data" and artificial intelligence.

Around 10 people are working for

Safety Line, researchers in statistics
and software developers.
Based in Paris in the incubator
"Paris Innovation Massena."

Some figures

Some figures
Annual jet fuel consumption :

CO2 emissions from aviation fuel:

1.825.000.000 barrels

3.15 grams per gram of fuel

290.175.000.000 litres

CO2 emissions from aviation:

731241000000 kg per year

Some figures

Some figures
Taxi

Climb

Cruise

1.000 kg

20.000 kg/hr

10.000 kg/hr

150 kg

6.000 kg/hr

3.000 kg/hr

30 kg

1.200 kg/hr

600 kg/hr

Flight Data
The data used come from various sources (flight recorder, radars, etc..), but
have the distinction of being normalized (ARINC 717 EuroControl Asterix, etc..)
This standardization makes our system easily adaptable to many customers

13

Flight Data
Fuel consumption for the same route over one year
5,150,000
5,100,000
5,050,000
5,000,000
4,950,000
4,900,000
4,850,000
4,800,000
4,750,000
4,700,000
F GFUE

F GFUF

F GIXB

F GIXC

F GIXD

F GIXE

F GIXF

F GIXR

F GIXS

F GIXT

F GZTA

F GZTB

14

Flight Data

15

Flight Data

16

FUEL EFFICIENCY
12% of fuel reduction if all these
recommendations are applied

In addition, the climb speed is also

a major factor

A difference of 20 kts, modifies

the fuel used by 58 kg (26% of fuel
used for the climb)

We noticed that all flights are

made with a constant climb speed

It cannot be optimum, but the

problem is to find the optimum
17

FUEL EFFICIENCY

FUEL EFFICIENCY
The idea is to apply machine learning based on flight data
to compute individual aerodynamical coefficients for each aircraft

FUEL EFFICIENCY
The amount of data allows to cover all the flight enveloppe

FUEL EFFICIENCY
Then, using optimization tools, in collaboration with INRIA research center,
it will be possible to provide the best flight profile that will allow to save
fuel

FUEL EFFICIENCY
CLIMB PHASE
For medium haul aircraft, climbing to cruise altitude is a phase that lasts about 30
minutes and requires the full thrust power. This mode induces a very high consumption:
For medium haul (A320, B373): 6 tons per flight hour (HdV)
For a long haul (A340, B777): 16 tons per HdV

Reduction even minimal has a significant impact. For example, Air France and its
1.000 daily flights:
Save 2% of fuel during climb phase for a medium haul: 60 Kg per flight
Save 2% of fuel during climb phase for a long haul: 160Kg per flight
Economy per day: 80.000 Kg

Saving per year: 29 million Kg (ie: 29 million)

22

CONCLUSION
There is a huge opportunity with this new aspect of BIG DATA:
More and more sensors means more data available
Some major stakeholders, like General Electrics, have anticipated
this opportunity
There is still room for challengers and for creativity!

I hope you enjoyed this presentation and I will be happy to

answer your questions. Thanks!